1
|
Yadav Y, Singh K, Sharma S, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent Efforts in Identification of Privileged Scaffolds as Antiviral Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300921. [PMID: 37589569 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are the most important health concern nowadays to mankind, which is unexpectedly increasing the health complications and fatality rate worldwide. The recent viral infection outbreak developed a pressing need for small molecules that can be quickly deployed for the control/treatment of re-emerging or new emerging viral infections. Numerous viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, influenza, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and others, are still challenging due to emerging resistance to known drugs. Therefore, there is always a need to search for new antiviral small molecules that can combat viral infection with new modes of action. This review highlighted recent progress in developing new antiviral molecules based on natural product-inspired scaffolds. Herein, the structure-activity relationship of the FDA-approved drugs along with the molecular docking studies of selected compounds have been discussed against several target proteins. The findings of new small molecules as neuraminidase inhibitors, other than known drug scaffolds, Anti-HIV and SARS-CoV are incorporated in this review paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang Y, Shi Y, Xu S. Arbidol: The current demand, strategies, and antiviral mechanisms. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e984. [PMID: 37647451 PMCID: PMC10461429 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection have made it become one of the most lethal diseases threatening public health; the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against virus strains exacerbates the problem. METHODS Two independent researchers searched relevant studies using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases from its inception to December 2022. RESULTS Based on the different antiviral mechanisms, current antiviral strategies can be mainly classified into virus-targeting approaches such as neuraminidase inhibitors, matrix protein 2 ion channel inhibitors, polymerase acidic protein inhibitors and other host-targeting antivirals. However, highly viral gene mutation has underscored the necessity of novel antiviral drug development. Arbidol (ARB) is a Russian-made indole-derivative small molecule licensed in Russia and China for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other respiratory viral infections. ARB also has inhibitory effects on many other viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coxsackie virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hantaan virus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. ARB is a promising drug which can not only exert activity against virus at different steps of virus replication cycle, but also directly target on hosts before infection to prevent virus invasion. CONCLUSION ARB is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that inhibits several viruses in vivo and in vitro, with high safety profile and low resistance; the antiviral mechanisms of ARB deserve to be further explored and more high-quality clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and safety of ARB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of NeurodegenerationSchool of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Huang L, Lin J, Ma X, Luo Y, Gai W, Xie Y, Zhu T, Wang W, Li D. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel penindolone derivatives as potential inhibitors of hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115615. [PMID: 37413878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Development and design of anti-influenza drugs with novel mechanisms is of great significance to combat the ongoing threat of influenza A virus (IAV). Hemagglutinin (HA) is regarded as a potential target for the therapy of IAV. Our previous research led to the discovery of penindolone (PND), a new diclavatol indole adduct, as an HA targeting leading compound exhibited anti-IAV activity. To enhance the bioactivity and understand the structure-activity relationships (SARs), 65 PND derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the anti-IAV activities as well as the HA targeting effects were systematically investigated in this study. Among them, compound 5g possessed high affinity to HA and was more effective than PND in terms of inhibiting HA-mediated membrane fusion. Compound 5g may act on the trypsin cleavage site of HA to exhibit a strong inhibition on membrane fusion. In addition, oral administration of 5g can significantly reduce the pulmonary virus titer, attenuate the weight loss, and improve the survival of IAV-infected mice, superior to the effects of PND. These findings suggest that the HA inhibitor 5g has potential to be developed into a novel broad-spectrum anti-IAV agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Lianghao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Wenrui Gai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Yingqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Sanya, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari R, Sharma SD, Kumar A, Ende Z, Mishina M, Wang Y, Falls Z, Samudrala R, Pohl J, Knight PR, Sambhara S. Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0004022. [PMID: 36645300 PMCID: PMC10035319 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00040-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing and controlling influenza virus infection remains a global public health challenge, as it causes seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics. These infections are responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic impact. Vaccines are the prophylaxis mainstay in the fight against influenza. However, vaccination fails to confer complete protection due to inadequate vaccination coverages, vaccine shortages, and mismatches with circulating strains. Antivirals represent an important prophylactic and therapeutic measure to reduce influenza-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we review current FDA-approved influenza antivirals with their mechanisms of action, and different viral- and host-directed influenza antiviral approaches, including immunomodulatory interventions in clinical development. Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential utility of machine learning in developing next-generation antivirals against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), CDC Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zackary Falls
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R. Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ivleva EA, Zaborskaya MS, Shiryaev VA, Klimochkin YN. One pot synthesis of bridgehead amino alcohols from diamantoid hydrocarbons. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2177173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Ivleva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S. Zaborskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim A. Shiryaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N. Klimochkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Y, Ma C, Wang J. Cytopathic Effect Assay and Plaque Assay to Evaluate in vitro Activity of Antiviral Compounds Against Human Coronaviruses 229E, OC43, and NL63. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4314. [PMID: 35284599 PMCID: PMC8855088 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are important human pathogens, among which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent for the COVID-19 pandemic. To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there is a pressing need for antivirals, especially broad-spectrum antivirals that are active against all seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs). For this reason, we are interested in developing antiviral assays to expedite the drug discovery process. Here, we provide the detailed protocol for the cytopathic effect (CPE) assay and the plaque assay for human coronaviruses 229E (HCoV-229E), HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-NL63, to identify novel antivirals against HCoVs. Neutral red was used in the CPE assay, as it is relatively inexpensive and more sensitive than other reagents. Multiple parameters including multiplicity of infection, incubation time and temperature, and staining conditions have been optimized for CPE and plaque assays for HCoV-229E in MRC-5, Huh-7, and RD cell lines; HCoV-OC43 in RD, MRC-5, and BSC-1 cell lines, and HCoV-NL63 in Vero E6, Huh-7, MRC-5, and RD cell lines. Both CPE and plaque assays have been calibrated with the positive control compounds remdesivir and GC-376. Both CPE and plaque assays have high sensitivity, excellent reproducibility, and are cost-effective. The protocols described herein can be used as surrogate assays in the biosafety level 2 facility to identify entry inhibitors and protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2, as HCoV-NL63 also uses ACE2 as the receptor for cell entry, and the main proteases of HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 are highly conserved. In addition, these assays can also be used as secondary assays to profile the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of existing SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Townsend JA, Sanders HM, Rolland AD, Park CK, Horton NC, Prell JS, Wang J, Marty MT. Influenza AM2 Channel Oligomerization Is Sensitive to Its Chemical Environment. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16273-16281. [PMID: 34813702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Viroporins are small viral ion channels that play important roles in the viral infection cycle and are proven antiviral drug targets. Matrix protein 2 from influenza A (AM2) is the best-characterized viroporin, and the current paradigm is that AM2 forms monodisperse tetramers. Here, we used native mass spectrometry and other techniques to characterize the oligomeric state of both the full-length and transmembrane (TM) domain of AM2 in a variety of different pH and detergent conditions. Unexpectedly, we discovered that AM2 formed a range of different oligomeric complexes that were strongly influenced by the local chemical environment. Native mass spectrometry of AM2 in nanodiscs with different lipids showed that lipids also affected the oligomeric states of AM2. Finally, nanodiscs uniquely enabled the measurement of amantadine binding stoichiometries to AM2 in the intact lipid bilayer. These unexpected results reveal that AM2 can form a wider range of oligomeric states than previously thought possible, which may provide new potential mechanisms of influenza pathology and pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Henry M Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Amber D Rolland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Chad K Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nancy C Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States.,Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cáceres CJ, Hu Y, Cárdenas-García S, Wu X, Tan H, Carnaccini S, Gay LC, Geiger G, Ma C, Zhang QY, Rajao D, Perez DR, Wang J. Rational design of a deuterium-containing M2-S31N channel blocker UAWJ280 with in vivo antiviral efficacy against both oseltamivir sensitive and -resistant influenza A viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1832-1848. [PMID: 34427541 PMCID: PMC8451667 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1972769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) infections are among the most important global health problems. FDA-approved antiviral therapies against IAV include neuraminidase inhibitors, M2 inhibitors, and polymerase inhibitor baloxavir. Resistance against adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) is widespread as virtually all IAV strains currently circulating in the human population are resistant to adamantanes through the acquisition of the S31N mutation. The neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant strains also contain the M2-S31N mutant, suggesting M2-S31N is a high-profile antiviral drug target. Here we report the development of a novel deuterium-containing M2-S31N inhibitor UAWJ280. UAWJ280 had broad-spectrum antiviral activity against both oseltamivir sensitive and -resistant influenza A strains and had a synergistic antiviral effect in combination with oseltamivir in cell culture. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies demonstrated that UAWJ280 had favourable PK properties. The in vivo mouse model study showed that UAWJ280 was effective alone or in combination with oseltamivir in improving clinical signs and survival after lethal challenge with an oseltamivir sensitive IAV H1N1 strain. Furthermore, UAWJ280 was also able to ameliorate clinical signs and increase survival when mice were challenged with an oseltamivir-resistant IAV H1N1 strain. In conclusion, we show for the first time that the M2-S31N channel blocker UAWJ280 has in vivo antiviral efficacy in mice that are infected with either oseltamivir sensitive or -resistant IAVs, and it has a synergistic antiviral effect with oseltamivir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Joaquín Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stivalis Cárdenas-García
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiangmeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Tifton diagnostic laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - L. Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniela Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shao L, Yang F, Su Y, Li W, Zhang J, Xu H, Huang B, Sun M, Mu Y, Zhang Y, Yu F. Design and Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Trimers to Enhance Inhibition of Influenza Virus Entry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1759-1765. [PMID: 34795865 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major threat to millions of people worldwide. Entry inhibitors are of particular interest for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for influenza. We have previously discovered oleanolic acid (OA) to be a mild influenza hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitor. In this work, inspired by the 3D structure of HA as a homotrimeric receptor, we designed and synthesized 15 OA trimers with different linkers and central region via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. All of the OA trimers were evaluated for their antiviral activities in vitro, and 12c, 12e, 13c, and 13d were observed to exhibit robust potency (IC50 in the submicromolar range) against influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus that was stronger than that observed with oseltamivir. In addition, these compounds also displayed strong biological activity against A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 and B/Sichuan/531/2018 (BV). The results of hemagglutination inhibition assays and surface plasmon resonance binding assays suggest that these OA trimers may interrupt the interaction between the HA protein of influenza virus and the host cell sialic acid receptor, thus blocking viral entry. These findings highlight the utility of multivalent OA conjugates to enhance the ligand-target interactions in anti-influenza virus drug design and are also helpful for studying antiviral drugs derived from natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shao
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yangqing Su
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratories, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Boxuan Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Mengsi Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratories, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratories, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li F, Egea PF, Vecchio AJ, Asial I, Gupta M, Paulino J, Bajaj R, Dickinson MS, Ferguson-Miller S, Monk BC, Stroud RM. Highlighting membrane protein structure and function: A celebration of the Protein Data Bank. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100557. [PMID: 33744283 PMCID: PMC8102919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes define the boundaries of cells and compartmentalize the chemical and physical processes required for life. Many biological processes are carried out by proteins embedded in or associated with such membranes. Determination of membrane protein (MP) structures at atomic or near-atomic resolution plays a vital role in elucidating their structural and functional impact in biology. This endeavor has determined 1198 unique MP structures as of early 2021. The value of these structures is expanded greatly by deposition of their three-dimensional (3D) coordinates into the Protein Data Bank (PDB) after the first atomic MP structure was elucidated in 1985. Since then, free access to MP structures facilitates broader and deeper understanding of MPs, which provides crucial new insights into their biological functions. Here we highlight the structural and functional biology of representative MPs and landmarks in the evolution of new technologies, with insights into key developments influenced by the PDB in magnifying their impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pascal F Egea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex J Vecchio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Meghna Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joana Paulino
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ruchika Bajaj
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miles Sasha Dickinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shelagh Ferguson-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian C Monk
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute and Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, North Dunedin, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tzitzoglaki C, McGuire K, Lagarias P, Konstantinidi A, Hoffmann A, Fokina NA, Ma C, Papanastasiou IP, Schreiner PR, Vázquez S, Schmidtke M, Wang J, Busath DD, Kolocouris A. Chemical Probes for Blocking of Influenza A M2 Wild-type and S31N Channels. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2331-2337. [PMID: 32786258 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on using the synthetic aminoadamantane-CH2-aryl derivatives 1-6 as sensitive probes for blocking M2 S31N and influenza A virus (IAV) M2 wild-type (WT) channels as well as virus replication in cell culture. The binding kinetics measured using electrophysiology (EP) for M2 S31N channel are very dependent on the length between the adamantane moiety and the first ring of the aryl headgroup realized in 2 and 3 and the girth and length of the adamantane adduct realized in 4 and 5. Study of 1-6 shows that, according to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations, all bind in the M2 S31N channel with the adamantyl group positioned between V27 and G34 and the aryl group projecting out of the channel with the phenyl (or isoxazole in 6) embedded in the V27 cluster. In this outward binding configuration, an elongation of the ligand by only one methylene in rimantadine 2 or using diamantane or triamantane instead of adamantane in 4 and 5, respectively, causes incomplete entry and facilitates exit, abolishing effective block compared to the amantadine derivatives 1 and 6. In the active M2 S31N blockers 1 and 6, the phenyl and isoxazolyl head groups achieve a deeper binding position and high kon/low koff and high kon/high koff rate constants, compared to inactive 2-5, which have much lower kon and higher koff. Compounds 1-5 block the M2 WT channel by binding in the longer area from V27-H37, in the inward orientation, with high kon and low koff rate constants. Infection of cell cultures by influenza virus containing M2 WT or M2 S31N is inhibited by 1-5 or 1-4 and 6, respectively. While 1 and 6 block infection through the M2 block mechanism in the S31N variant, 2-4 may block M2 S31N virus replication in cell culture through the lysosomotropic effect, just as chloroquine is thought to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tzitzoglaki
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Kelly McGuire
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Panagiotis Lagarias
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Athina Konstantinidi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Anja Hoffmann
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Section Experimental Virology, Hans Knoell Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie A. Fokina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Chulong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ioannis P. Papanastasiou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Quı́mica Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Quı́mica Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Section Experimental Virology, Hans Knoell Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David D. Busath
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong J, Xiao M, Ma Q, Zhang G, Zhao W, Kong M, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Hu W. Design and synthesis of pinane oxime derivatives as novel anti-influenza agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104106. [PMID: 32739481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic characteristics, mutations and resistance of influenza A virus make it difficult for current influenza antiviral drugs to maintain long-term effectiveness. Currently, to design non-adamantane compounds targeting the S31N mutant of M2 proton channel is a promising direction for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs. In our previous research, a pinanamine-based antiviral M090 was discovered to target hemagglutinin instead of M2, with its structure being highly similar to reported M2-S31N inhibitors. Herein, a series of pinane oxime derivatives were designed from scratch and evaluated for anti-influenza activity and their cytotoxicity in vitro. Utilizing a combination of structure-activity relationship analysis, electrophysiological assay and molecular docking, the most potent compound 11h, as a M2-S31N blocker, exhibited excellent activity with EC50 value at the low micromolar level against both H3N2 and H1N1. No significant toxicity of 11h was observed. In addition, compound 11h was located tightly in the pore of the drug-binding site with the thiophene moiety facing down toward the C-terminus, and did not adopt a similar position and orientation as the reference inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China.
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qinge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education & Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Mengjie Kong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Luyun Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen KK, Minakuchi M, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Saito S, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32689931 PMCID: PMC7370268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Kong Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,Department of Densitory, Kaohisung University Hospital, Kaohisung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Department Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yalta, Tochigi, 329-1471 Japan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shiryaev VA, Klimochkin YN. Heterocyclic Inhibitors of Viroporins in the Design of Antiviral Compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020; 56:626-635. [PMID: 32836315 PMCID: PMC7366462 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels of viruses (viroporins) represent a common type of protein targets for drugs. The relative simplicity of channel architecture allows convenient computational modeling and enables virtual search for new inhibitors. In this review, we analyze the data published over the last 10 years on known ion channels of viruses that cause socially significant diseases. The effectiveness of inhibition by various types of heterocyclic compounds of the viroporins of influenza virus, hepatitis С virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomaviruses, coronaviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus is discussed. The presented material highlights the promise held by the search for heterocyclic antiviral compounds that act by inhibition of viroporins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Shiryaev
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeiskaya St, Samara, 443100 Russia
| | - Yuri N Klimochkin
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeiskaya St, Samara, 443100 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jalily PH, Duncan MC, Fedida D, Wang J, Tietjen I. Put a cork in it: Plugging the M2 viral ion channel to sink influenza. Antiviral Res 2020; 178:104780. [PMID: 32229237 PMCID: PMC7102647 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing threat of seasonal and pandemic influenza to human health requires antivirals that can effectively supplement existing vaccination strategies. The M2 protein of influenza A virus (IAV) is a proton-gated, proton-selective ion channel that is required for virus replication and is an established antiviral target. While licensed adamantane-based M2 antivirals have been historically used, M2 mutations that confer major adamantane resistance are now so prevalent in circulating virus strains that these drugs are no longer recommended. Here we review the current understanding of IAV M2 structure and function, mechanisms of inhibition, the rise of drug resistance mutations, and ongoing efforts to develop new antivirals that target resistant forms of M2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouria H Jalily
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maggie C Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ian Tietjen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Musharrafieh R, Kitamura N, Hu Y, Wang J. Development of broad-spectrum enterovirus antivirals based on quinoline scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103981. [PMID: 32559580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-polio enteroviruses such as enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), EV-D68, and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are significant human pathogens with disease manifestations ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe encephalitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid paralysis/myelitis, and even death. There is currently no effective antivirals to prevent or treat non-polio enterovirus infection. In this study, we report our progress in developing potent and broad-spectrum antivirals against these non-polio enteroviruses. Starting from our previously developed lead compounds that had potent antiviral activity against EV-D68, we synthesized 43 analogs and profiled their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against additional EV-D68, EV-A71, and CVB3 viruses. Promising candidates were also selected for mouse microsomal stability test to prioritize lead compounds for future in vivo mouse model studies. Collectively, this multi-parameter optimization process revealed a promising lead compound 6aw that showed single-digit to submicromolar EC50 values against two EV-D68 strains (US/KY and US/MO), two EV-A71 strains (Tainan and US/AK), and one CVB3 strain, with a high selectivity index. Encouragingly, 6aw was stable in mouse microsomes with a half-life of 114.7 min. Overall, 6aw represents one of the most potent broad-spectrum antiviral against non-polio enteroviruses, rendering it a promising lead candidate for non-polio enteroviruses with translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Musharrafieh R, Lagarias P, Ma C, Hau R, Romano A, Lambrinidis G, Kolocouris A, Wang J. Investigation of the Drug Resistance Mechanism of M2-S31N Channel Blockers through Biomolecular Simulations and Viral Passage Experiments. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:666-675. [PMID: 32832869 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts in drug development against influenza A virus (IAV) M2 proton channel S31N mutant resulted in conjugates of amantadine linked with aryl head heterocycles. To understand the mechanism of drug resistance, we chose a representative M2-S31N inhibitor, compound 3, as a chemical probe to identify resistant mutants. To increase the possibility of identifying novel resistant mutants, serial viral passage experiments were performed with multiple strains of H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in different cell lines. This approach not only identified M2 mutations around the drug-binding site, including the pore-lining residues (V27A, V27F, N31S, and G34E) and an interhelical residue (I32N), but also a new allosteric mutation (R45H), in addition to L46P previously identified, located at the C-terminus of M2 that is more than 10 Å away from the drug-binding site. The effects of each mutation were next investigated using electrophysiology, recombinant viruses, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The reduced sensitivity in channel blockage correlated with increased drug resistance in antiviral assays using recombinant viruses. The MD simulations show that the V27A, V27F, G34E, and R45H mutations increase the diameter and hydration state of the pore in complex with compound 3. The Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born (MM-GBSA) calculations result in more positive binding free energies for the complexes of resistant M2 (V27A, V27F, G34E, R45H) with compound 3 compared to the stable complexes (S31N and I32N). Overall, this is the first systematic study of the drug resistance mechanism of M2-S31N channel blockers using multiple viruses in different cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Panagiotis Lagarias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Raymond Hau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Alex Romano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Musharrafieh R, Ma C, Wang J. Discovery of M2 channel blockers targeting the drug-resistant double mutants M2-S31N/L26I and M2-S31N/V27A from the influenza A viruses. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 141:105124. [PMID: 31669761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus infections are a persistent threat to human health due to seasonal outbreaks and sporadic pandemics. Amantadine and rimantadine are FDA-approved influenza antiviral drugs and work by inhibiting the viral M2 proton channel. However, the therapeutic potential for the antiviral amantadine/rimantadine was curtailed by the emergence of drug-resistant mutations in its target protein M2. In this study, we identified four amantadine-resistant M2 mutants among avian and human influenza A H5N1 strains circulating between 2002 and 2019: the single S31N and V27A mutants, and the S31N/L26I and S31N/V27A double mutants. Herein, utilizing two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) assays, we screened a panel of structurally diverse M2 inhibitors against these single and double mutant channels. Three compounds 6, 7, and 15 were found to significantly block all three M2 mutants: M2-S31N, M2-S31N/L26I, and M2-S31N/V27A. Using recombinant viruses generated from reverse genetics, we further showed that these compounds also inhibited the replication of recombinant viruses harboring either the single S31N or double S31N/L26I and S31N/V27A mutants. This work represents the first example in developing antivirals by targeting the drug-resistant double mutants of M2 proton channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Musharrafieh R, Lagarias PI, Ma C, Tan GS, Kolocouris A, Wang J. The L46P mutant confers a novel allosteric mechanism of resistance toward the influenza A virus M2 S31N proton channel blockers. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:148-157. [PMID: 31175183 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration-approved influenza A antiviral amantadine inhibits the wild-type (WT) AM2 channel but not the S31N mutant predominantly found in circulating strains. In this study, serial viral passages were applied to select resistance against a newly developed isoxazole-conjugated adamantane inhibitor that targets the AM2 S31N channel. This led to the identification of the novel drug-resistant mutation L46P located outside the drug-binding site, which suggests an allosteric resistance mechanism. Intriguingly, when the L46P mutant was introduced to AM2 WT, the channel remained sensitive toward amantadine inhibition. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) calculations were performed on WT and mutant channels. It was found that the L46P mutation caused a conformational change in the N terminus of transmembrane residues 22-31 that ultimately broadened the drug-binding site of AM2 S31N inhibitor 4, which spans residues 26-34, but not of AM2 WT inhibitor amantadine, which spans residues 31-34. The MM-GBSA calculations showed stronger binding stability for 4 in complex with AM2 S31N compared with 4 in complex with AM2 S31N/L46P, and equal binding free energies of amantadine in complex with AM2 WT and AM2 L46P. Overall, these results demonstrate a unique allosteric resistance mechanism toward AM2 S31N channel blockers, and the L46P mutant represents the first experimentally confirmed drug-resistant AM2 mutant that is located outside of the pore where drug binds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: AM2 S31N is a high-profile antiviral drug target, as more than 95% of currently circulating influenza A viruses carry this mutation. Understanding the mechanism of drug resistance is critical in designing the next generation of AM2 S31N channel blockers. Using a previously developed AM2 S31N channel blocker as a chemical probe, this study was the first to identify a novel resistant mutant, L46P. The L46P mutant is located outside of the drug-binding site. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that L46P causes a dilation of drug-binding site between residues 22 and 31, which affects the binding of AM2 S31N channel blockers, but not the AM2 WT inhibitor amantadine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.M., C.M., J.W.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.M.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Greece (P.I.L., A.K.); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.)
| | - Panagiotis I Lagarias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.M., C.M., J.W.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.M.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Greece (P.I.L., A.K.); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.)
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.M., C.M., J.W.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.M.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Greece (P.I.L., A.K.); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.)
| | - Gene S Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.M., C.M., J.W.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.M.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Greece (P.I.L., A.K.); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.)
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.M., C.M., J.W.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.M.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Greece (P.I.L., A.K.); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.M., C.M., J.W.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.M.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Greece (P.I.L., A.K.); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|