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Abdullah M, Younis M, Sohail MT, Wu S, Zhang X, Khan K, Asif M, Yan P. Recent Progress of 2D Materials-Based Photodetectors from UV to THz Waves: Principles, Materials, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402668. [PMID: 39235584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodetectors are one of the most critical components for future optoelectronic systems and it undergoes significant advancements to meet the growing demands of diverse applications spanning the spectrum from ultraviolet (UV) to terahertz (THz). 2D materials are very attractive for photodetector applications because of their distinct optical and electrical properties. The atomic-thin structure, high carrier mobility, low van der Waals (vdWs) interaction between layers, relatively narrower bandgap engineered through engineering, and significant absorption coefficient significantly benefit the chip-scale production and integration of 2D materials-based photodetectors. The extremely sensitive detection at ambient temperature with ultra-fast capabilities is made possible with the adaptability of 2D materials. Here, the recent progress of photodetectors based on 2D materials, covering the spectrum from UV to THz is reported. In this report, the interaction of light with 2D materials is first deliberated on in terms of optical physics. Then, various mechanisms on which detectors work, important performance parameters, important and fruitful fabrication methods, fundamental optical properties of 2D materials, various types of 2D materials-based detectors, different strategies to improve performance, and important applications of photodetectors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Younis
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Sohail
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shifang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Karim Khan
- Additive Manufacturing Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- THz Technical Research Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Photonic Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peiguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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2
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Xue G, Qin B, Ma C, Yin P, Liu C, Liu K. Large-Area Epitaxial Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39132950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, research on atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has expanded rapidly due to their unique properties such as high carrier mobility, significant excitonic effects, and strong spin-orbit couplings. Considerable attention from both scientific and industrial communities has fully fueled the exploration of TMDs toward practical applications. Proposed scenarios, such as ultrascaled transistors, on-chip photonics, flexible optoelectronics, and efficient electrocatalysis, critically depend on the scalable production of large-area TMD films. Correspondingly, substantial efforts have been devoted to refining the synthesizing methodology of 2D TMDs, which brought the field to a stage that necessitates a comprehensive summary. In this Review, we give a systematic overview of the basic designs and significant advancements in large-area epitaxial growth of TMDs. We first sketch out their fundamental structures and diverse properties. Subsequent discussion encompasses the state-of-the-art wafer-scale production designs, single-crystal epitaxial strategies, and techniques for structure modification and postprocessing. Additionally, we highlight the future directions for application-driven material fabrication and persistent challenges, aiming to inspire ongoing exploration along a revolution in the modern semiconductor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Biao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaojie Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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3
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An H, Zhang Q, Lei J, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Lu D. Uniform, Fully Connected, High-Quality Monocrystalline Freestanding Perovskite Oxide Films Fabricated from Recyclable Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402419. [PMID: 38923058 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Releasing epitaxial perovskite oxide films from their native oxide substrates produces high quality, 2D-material-like monocrystalline freestanding oxide membranes, as potential key components for the next-generation electronic devices. Two major obstacles still limit their practical applications: macroscopic material defects (mainly cracks) that lowers uniformity and yield, and the high cost of the consumed oxide substrates. Here, a two-step film transfer method and a substrate recycling method enable repetitive fabrication of millimeter-scale, fully-connected freestanding oxide films of various chemical compositions from the same substrates; arrays of capacitor and resistor devices based on these oxides transferred on silicon indicate high uniformity, low sample-to-sample variation, and satisfactory electrical connectivity. The two-step transfer suppresses crack formation by avoiding buckling-delamination-type relaxation of epitaxial strain, and the key point to achieve substrate reuse is to remove the residual Al species bonded to the substrate surfaces. The mitigation of such long-lasting issues in freestanding oxide fabrication techniques may eventually pave roads toward future industrial-grade devices, as well as enabling many research opportunities in fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang An
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jingchao Lei
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yaxing Sun
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Di Lu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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4
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Jin L, Wen J, Odlyzko M, Seaton N, Li R, Haratipour N, Koester SJ. High-Performance WS 2 MOSFETs with Bilayer WS 2 Contacts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32159-32166. [PMID: 39072129 PMCID: PMC11270543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
WS2 is a promising transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) for use as a channel material in extreme-scaled metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to its monolayer thickness, high carrier mobility, and its potential for symmetric n-type and p-type MOSFET performance. However, the formation of stable, low-barrier-height contacts to monolayer TMDCs continues to be a challenge. This study introduces an innovative approach to realize high-performance WS2 MOSFETs by utilizing bilayer WS2 (2L-WS2) in the contact region grown through a two-step chemical vapor deposition process. The 2L-WS2 devices demonstrate a high I ON/I OFF ratio of 108 and a saturated drain current, I D(SAT), of 280 μA/μm (386 μA/μm) at room temperature (78 K), even while still using conventional metal (Pd or Ni) contacts. Devices featuring a 1L-WS2 channel and 2L-WS2 in the contact regions were also fabricated, and they exhibited performance comparable to that of 2L-WS2 devices. The devices also exhibit good stability with nearly identical performance after storage over a 13 month period. The study highlights the benefits of a hybrid channel thickness approach for TMDC transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiaxuan Wen
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- College
of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, Shepherd Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas Seaton
- College
of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, Shepherd Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ruixue Li
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nazila Haratipour
- Components
Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Steven J. Koester
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Liu H, Zhao J, Ly TH. Clean Transfer of Two-Dimensional Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11573-11597. [PMID: 38655635 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The growth of two-dimensional (2D) materials through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has sparked a growing interest among both the industrial and academic communities. The interest stems from several key advantages associated with CVD, including high yield, high quality, and high tunability. In order to harness the application potentials of 2D materials, it is often necessary to transfer them from their growth substrates to their desired target substrates. However, conventional transfer methods introduce contamination that can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred 2D materials, thus limiting their overall application performance. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current clean transfer methods for 2D materials with a specific focus on the understanding of interaction between supporting layers and 2D materials. The review encompasses various aspects, including clean transfer methods, post-transfer cleaning techniques, and cleanliness assessment. Furthermore, it analyzes and compares the advances and limitations of these clean transfer techniques. Finally, the review highlights the primary challenges associated with current clean transfer methods and provides an outlook on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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6
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Myers A, Li Z, Gish MK, Earley JD, Johnson JC, Hermosilla-Palacios MA, Blackburn JL. Ultrafast Charge Transfer Cascade in a Mixed-Dimensionality Nanoscale Trilayer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8190-8198. [PMID: 38465641 PMCID: PMC10958597 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Innovation in optoelectronic semiconductor devices is driven by a fundamental understanding of how to move charges and/or excitons (electron-hole pairs) in specified directions for doing useful work, e.g., for making fuels or electricity. The diverse and tunable electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and one-dimensional (1D) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) make them good quantum confined model systems for fundamental studies of charge and exciton transfer across heterointerfaces. Here we demonstrate a mixed-dimensionality 2D/1D/2D MoS2/SWCNT/WSe2 heterotrilayer that enables ultrafast photoinduced exciton dissociation, followed by charge diffusion and slow recombination. Importantly, the heterotrilayer serves to double charge carrier yield relative to a MoS2/SWCNT heterobilayer and also demonstrates the ability of the separated charges to overcome interlayer exciton binding energies to diffuse from one TMDC/SWCNT interface to the other 2D/1D interface, resulting in Coulombically unbound charges. Interestingly, the heterotrilayer also appears to enable efficient hole transfer from SWCNTs to WSe2, which is not observed in the identically prepared WSe2/SWCNT heterobilayer, suggesting that increasing the complexity of nanoscale trilayers may modify dynamic pathways. Our work suggests "mixed-dimensionality" TMDC/SWCNT based heterotrilayers as both interesting model systems for mechanistic studies of carrier dynamics at nanoscale heterointerfaces and for potential applications in advanced optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis
R. Myers
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado−Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Zhaodong Li
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- The
Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Melissa K. Gish
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin D. Earley
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado−Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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7
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Ansari S, Bianconi S, Kang CM, Mohseni H. From Material to Cameras: Low-Dimensional Photodetector Arrays on CMOS. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300595. [PMID: 37501320 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in research on low-dimensional material with exceptional optoelectronic properties. While low-dimensional materials offer exciting new opportunities for imaging, their integration in practical applications has been slow. In fact, most existing reports are based on single-pixel devices that cannot rival the quantity and quality of information provided by massively parallelized mega-pixel imagers based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) readout electronics. The first goal of this review is to present new opportunities in producing high-resolution cameras using these new materials. New photodetection methods and materials in the field are presented, and the challenges involved in their integration on CMOS chips for making high-resolution cameras are discussed. Practical approaches are then presented to address these challenges and methods to integrate low-dimensional material on CMOS. It is also shown that such integrations could be used for ultra-low noise and massively parallel testing of new material and devices. The second goal of this review is to present the colossal untapped potential of low-dimensional material in enabling the next-generation of low-cost and high-performance cameras. It is proposed that low-dimensional materials have the natural ability to create excellent bio-inspired artificial imaging systems with unique features such as in-pixel computing, multi-band imaging, and curved retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Ansari
- Electrical and Computer Engneering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Simone Bianconi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Chang-Mo Kang
- Photonic Semiconductor Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooman Mohseni
- Electrical and Computer Engneering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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8
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Nam J, Lee GY, Lee DY, Sung D, Hong S, Jang AR, Kim KS. Tailored Synthesis of Heterogenous 2D TMDs and Their Spectroscopic Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:248. [PMID: 38334519 PMCID: PMC10856291 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) show great potential across various applications. However, synthesizing large-scale structures poses challenges owing to the intricate growth parameters, forming unexpected hybrid film structures. Thus, precision in synthesis and thorough structural analysis are essential aspects. In this study, we successfully synthesized large-scale structured 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) via chemical vapor deposition using metal oxide (WO3 and MoO3) thin films and a diluted H2S precursor, individual MoS2, WS2 films and various MoS2/WS2 hybrid films (Type I: MoxW1-xS2 alloy; Type II: MoS2/WS2 vdWH; Type III: MoS2 dots/WS2). Structural analyses, including optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cross-sectional imaging revealed that the A1g and E2g modes of WS2 and MoS2 were sensitive to structural variations, enabling hybrid structure differentiation. Type II showed minimal changes in the MoS2's A1g mode, while Types I and III exhibited a ~2.8 cm-1 blue shift. Furthermore, the A1g mode of WS2 in Type I displayed a 1.4 cm-1 red shift. These variations agreed with the TEM-observed microstructural features, demonstrating strain effects on the MoS2-WS2 interfaces. Our study provides insights into the structural features of diverse hybrid TMD materials, facilitating their differentiation through Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungtae Nam
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongchul Sung
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Suklyun Hong
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - A-Rang Jang
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
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Chen L, Cheng Z, He S, Zhang X, Deng K, Zong D, Wu Z, Xia M. Large-area single-crystal TMD growth modulated by sapphire substrates. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:978-1004. [PMID: 38112240 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently attracted extensive attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties; however, the preparation of large-area TMD single crystals is still a great challenge. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an effective method to synthesize large-area and high-quality TMD films, in which sapphires as suitable substrates play a crucial role in anchoring the source material, promoting nucleation and modulating epitaxial growth. In this review, we provide an insightful overview of different epitaxial mechanisms and growth behaviors associated with the atomic structure of sapphire surfaces and the growth parameters. First, we summarize three epitaxial growth mechanisms of TMDs on sapphire substrates, namely, van der Waals epitaxy, step-guided epitaxy, and dual-coupling-guided epitaxy. Second, we introduce the effects of polishing, cutting, and annealing processing of the sapphire surface on the TMD growth. Finally, we discuss the influence of other growth parameters, such as temperature, pressure, carrier gas, and substrate position, on the growth kinetics of TMDs. This review might provide deep insights into the controllable growth of large-area single-crystal TMDs on sapphires, which will propel their practical applications in high-performance nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaofang Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodan He
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kelun Deng
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dehua Zong
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zipeng Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minggang Xia
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Optoelectronic Quantum Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, People's Republic of China
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10
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Lin WH, Li CS, Wu CI, Rossman GR, Atwater HA, Yeh NC. Dramatically Enhanced Valley-Polarized Emission by Alloying and Electrical Tuning of Monolayer WTe 2 x S 2(1- x ) Alloys at Room Temperature with 1T'-WTe 2 -Contact. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304890. [PMID: 37974381 PMCID: PMC10787083 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer ternary tellurides based on alloying different transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can result in new two-dimensional (2D) materials ranging from semiconductors to metals and superconductors with tunable optical and electrical properties. Semiconducting WTe2 x S2(1- x ) monolayer possesses two inequivalent valleys in the Brillouin zone, each valley coupling selectively with circularly polarized light (CPL). The degree of valley polarization (DVP) under the excitation of CPL represents the purity of valley polarized photoluminescence (PL), a critical parameter for opto-valleytronic applications. Here, new strategies to efficiently tailor the valley-polarized PL from semiconducting monolayer WTe2 x S2(1- x ) at room temperature (RT) through alloying and back-gating are presented. The DVP at RT is found to increase drastically from < 5% in WS2 to 40% in WTe0.12 S1.88 by Te-alloying to enhance the spin-orbit coupling. Further enhancement and control of the DVP from 40% up to 75% is demonstrated by electrostatically doping the monolayer WTe0.12 S1.88 via metallic 1T'-WTe2 electrodes, where the use of 1T'-WTe2 substantially lowers the Schottky barrier height (SBH) and weakens the Fermi-level pinning of the electrical contacts. The demonstration of drastically enhanced DVP and electrical tunability in the valley-polarized emission from 1T'-WTe2 /WTe0.12 S1.88 heterostructures paves new pathways towards harnessing valley excitons in ultrathin valleytronic devices for RT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Chia-Shuo Li
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106, P. R. China
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106, P. R. China
| | - George R Rossman
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nai-Chang Yeh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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11
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Chen Q, Yang K, Liang M, Kang J, Yi X, Wang J, Li J, Liu Z. Lattice modulation strategies for 2D material assisted epitaxial growth. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:39. [PMID: 37626161 PMCID: PMC10457265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging single crystals growth technique, the 2D-material-assisted epitaxy shows excellent advantages in flexible and transferable structure fabrication, dissimilar materials integration, and matter assembly, which offers opportunities for novel optoelectronics and electronics development and opens a pathway for the next-generation integrated system fabrication. Studying and understanding the lattice modulation mechanism in 2D-material-assisted epitaxy could greatly benefit its practical application and further development. In this review, we overview the tremendous experimental and theoretical findings in varied 2D-material-assisted epitaxy. The lattice guidance mechanism and corresponding epitaxial relationship construction strategy in remote epitaxy, van der Waals epitaxy, and quasi van der Waals epitaxy are discussed, respectively. Besides, the possible application scenarios and future development directions of 2D-material-assisted epitaxy are also given. We believe the discussions and perspectives exhibited here could help to provide insight into the essence of the 2D-material-assisted epitaxy and motivate novel structure design and offer solutions to heterogeneous integration via the 2D-material-assisted epitaxy method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kailai Yang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Kang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxi Wang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinmin Li
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Yang P, Liu F, Li X, Hu J, Zhou F, Zhu L, Chen Q, Gao P, Zhang Y. Highly Reproducible Epitaxial Growth of Wafer-Scale Single-Crystal Monolayer MoS 2 on Sapphire. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300165. [PMID: 37035951 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2D semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable attention as channel materials for next-generation transistors. To meet the industry needs, large-scale production of single-crystal monolayer TMDs in highly reproducible and energy-efficient manner is critically significant. Herein, it is reported that the high-reproducible, high-efficient epitaxial growth of wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 single crystals on the industry-compatible sapphire substrates, by virtue of a deliberately designed "face-to-face" metal-foil-based precursor supply route, carbon-cloth-filter based precursor concentration decay strategy, and the precise optimization of the chalcogenides and metal precursor ratio (i.e., S/Mo ratio). This unique growth design can concurrently guarantee the uniform release, short-distance transport, and moderate deposition of metal precursor on a wafer-scale substrate, affording high-efficient and high-reproducible growth of wafer-scale single crystals (over two inches, six times faster than usual). Moreover, the S/Mo precursor ratio is found as a key factor for the epitaxial growth of MoS2 single crystals with rather high crystal quality, as convinced by the relatively high electronic performances of related devices. This work demonstrates a reliable route for the batch production of wafer-scale single-crystal 2D materials, thus propelling their practical applications in highly integrated high-performance nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fachen Liu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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13
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Yang W, Mu Y, Chen X, Jin N, Song J, Chen J, Dong L, Liu C, Xuan W, Zhou C, Cong C, Shang J, He S, Wang G, Li J. CVD growth of large-area monolayer WS 2 film on sapphire through tuning substrate environment and its application for high-sensitive strain sensor. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36795193 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-area, continuous monolayer WS2 exhibits great potential for future micro-nanodevice applications due to its special electrical properties and mechanical flexibility. In this work, the front opening quartz boat is used to increase the amount of sulfur (S) vapor under the sapphire substrate, which is critical for achieving large-area films during the chemical vapor deposition processes. COMSOL simulations reveal that the front opening quartz boat will significantly introduce gas distribute under the sapphire substrate. Moreover, the gas velocity and height of substrate away from the tube bottom will also affect the substrate temperature. By carefully optimizing the gas velocity, temperature, and height of substrate away from the tube bottom, a large-scale continues monolayered WS2 film was achieved. Field-effect transistor based on the as-grown monolayer WS2 showed a mobility of 3.76 cm2V-1 s-1 and ON/OFF ratio of 106. In addition, a flexible WS2/PEN strain sensor with a gauge factor of 306 was fabricated, showing great potential for applications in wearable biosensors, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuanbin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiangshuo Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ningjing Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Changjie Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- High Tech Center for New Materials, Novel Devices and Cutting Edge Manufacturing, Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingzhi Shang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Silin He
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen, 361005, China
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14
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Wei X, Liu C, Qin H, Ye Z, Liu X, Zong B, Li Z, Mao S. Fast, specific, and ultrasensitive antibiotic residue detection by monolayer WS 2-based field-effect transistor sensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130299. [PMID: 36356526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues cause increasing concern in environmental ecology and public health, which needs efficient analysis strategy for monitoring and control. In this study, a fast, specific, and ultrasensitive sensor based on field-effect transistor (FET) has been proposed for the detection of ampicillin (AMP). The sensor involves monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheet as the sensing channel, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as the sensing probe, and gold nanoparticle (Au NP) as the linker. The WS2/Au/ssDNA FET sensor responds rapidly to AMP in a wide linear detection range (10-12-10-6 M) and has low limit of detection (0.556 pM), which meets the permissible standards of AMP in water and food. The sensing mechanism study suggests that the excellent sensor response results from the increased number of negative charges in the Debye length and the consequent accumulation of holes in WS2 channel after the addition of AMP. Moreover, satisfactory sensing performance was confirmed in real water samples, indicating the potential application of the proposed method in practical AMP detection. The reported FET sensing strategy provides new insights in antibiotic analysis for risk assessment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hehe Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Boyang Zong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shun Mao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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15
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Giri A, Park G, Jeong U. Layer-Structured Anisotropic Metal Chalcogenides: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3329-3442. [PMID: 36719999 PMCID: PMC10103142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, India
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea.,Functional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwahakdanji-ro 137-41, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
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16
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Liu W, Li X, Wang Y, Xu R, Ying H, Wang L, Cheng Z, Hao Y, Chen S. Direct growth of hBN/Graphene heterostructure via surface deposition and segregation for independent thickness regulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:475601. [PMID: 35970145 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride/graphene (hBN/G) vertical heterostructures have attracted extensive attention, owing to the unusual physical properties for basic research and electronic device applications. Here we report a facile deposition-segregation technique to synthesize hBN/G heterostructures on recyclable platinum (Pt) foil via low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The growth mechanism of the vertical hBN/G is demonstrated to be the surface deposition of hBN on top of the graphene segregated from the Pt foil with pre-dissolved carbon. The thickness of hBN and graphene can be controlled separately from sub-monolayer to multilayer through the fine control of the growth parameters. Further investigations by Raman, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and transmission electron microscope show that the hBN/G inclines to form a heterostructure with strong interlayer coupling and with interlayer twist angle smaller than 1.5°. This deposition-segregation approach paves a new pathway for large-scale production of hBN/G heterostructures and could be applied to synthesize of other van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Liu
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ying
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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17
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Suzuki H, Hashimoto R, Misawa M, Liu Y, Kishibuchi M, Ishimura K, Tsuruta K, Miyata Y, Hayashi Y. Surface Diffusion-Limited Growth of Large and High-Quality Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Confined Space of Microreactor. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11360-11373. [PMID: 35793540 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), including MoS2 and WS2, are potential candidates for next-generation semiconducting materials owing to their atomically thin structure and strong optoelectrical responses, which allow for flexible optoelectronic applications. Monolayer TMDCs have been grown utilizing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. Enhancing the domain size with high crystallinity and forming heterostructures are important topics for practical applications. In this study, the size of monolayer WS2 increased via the vapor-liquid-solid growth-based CVD technique utilizing the confined space of the substrate-stacked microreactor. The use of spin-coated metal salts (Na2WO4 and Na2MoO4) and organosulfur vapor allowed us to precisely control the source supply and investigate the growth in a systematic manner. We obtained a relatively low activation energy for growth (1.02 eV), which is consistent with the surface diffusion-limited growth regime observed in the confined space. Through systematic photoluminescence (PL) analysis, we determined that a growth temperature of ∼820 °C is optimal for producing high-quality WS2 with a narrow PL peak width (∼35 meV). By controlling the source balance of W and S, we obtained large-sized fully monolayered WS2 (∼560 μm) and monolayer WS2 with bilayer spots (∼1100 μm). Combining two distinct sources of transition metals, WS2/MoS2 lateral heterostructures were successfully created. In electrical transport measurements, the monolayer WS2 grown under optimal conditions has a high on-current (∼70 μA/μm), on/off ratio (∼5 × 108), and a field-effect mobility of ∼7 cm2/(V s). The field-effect transistor displayed an intrinsic photoresponse with wavelength selectivity that originated from the photoexcited carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryoki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaaki Misawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yijun Liu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Misaki Kishibuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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18
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Xu L, Duan W, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li H, Liu H, Liu D. Twist-angle-controlled neutral exciton annihilation in WS 2 homostructures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5537-5544. [PMID: 35343557 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA), as typical nonradiative recombination, plays an unpopular role in semiconductors. The nonradiative process significantly reduces the quantum yield of photoluminescence, which substantially inhibits the maximum efficiency of optoelectronic devices. Recently, laser irradiation, introducing defects and applying strain have become effective means to restrain EEA in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, these methods destroy the atomic structure of 2D materials and limit their practical applications. Fortunately, twisted structures are expected to validly suppress EEA through excellent interface quality. Here, we develop a non-destructive way to control EEA in WS2 homostructures by changing the interlayer twist angle, and systematically study the effect of interlayer twist angle on EEA, using fluorescence lifetime imaging measurement (FLIM) technology. Due to the large moiré potential at a small interlayer twist angle, the diffusion of excitons is hindered, and the EEA rate decreases from 1.01 × 10-1 cm2 s-1 in a 9° twisted WS2 homostructure to 4.26 × 10-2 cm2 s-1 in a 1° twisted WS2 homostructure. The results reveal the important role of the interlayer twist angle and EEA interaction in high photoluminescence quantum yield optoelectronic devices based on TMDC homostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Xu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Wenrui Duan
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Yuanshuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuanxi Zhao
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Huanglong Li
- Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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19
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Yao B, Li R, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Fu Z, Huang X, Yuan G, Xu J, Gao L. Tuning the morphology of 2D transition metal chalcogenides via oxidizing conditions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:195001. [PMID: 35158340 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac54e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) are emerging as an intriguing platform to realize nascent properties in condensed matter physics, materials science and device engineering. Controllable growing of TMCs becomes increasingly important, especially for the layer number, doping, and morphology. Here, we successfully tune the morphology of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2and WSe2, from homogenous films to individual single crystalline grains only via changing the oxidizing growth conditions. The oxidization degrees are determined by the oxygen that adsorbed on substrates and the oxygen concentrations in reaction gas together. We find the homogenous films are easily formed under the reductive conditions, triangular grains prefer the weak oxidizing conditions, and medium oxidizing conditions bring in dendritic grains with higher oxygen doping and inhomogenous photoluminescence intensities from edge to interior regions shown in the dendritic grains. These growth rules under different oxidizing conditions are easily generalized to other TMCs, which also show potential for growing specific TMCs with designed oxygen doping levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongsheng Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjia Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlei Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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20
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Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Chen Z, Moss DJ. Fabrication Technologies for the On-Chip Integration of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101435. [PMID: 34994111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating 2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques, which are of fundamental importance to achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip applications of 2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning/modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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21
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Kim J, Seung H, Kang D, Kim J, Bae H, Park H, Kang S, Choi C, Choi BK, Kim JS, Hyeon T, Lee H, Kim DH, Shim S, Park J. Wafer-Scale Production of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Alloy Monolayers by Nanocrystal Conversion for Large-Scale Ultrathin Flexible Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9153-9163. [PMID: 34677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers are unit-cell thick materials with tunable physical properties according to their size, morphology, and chemical composition. Their transition of lab-scale research to industrial-scale applications requires process development for the wafer-scale growth and scalable device fabrication. Herein, we report on a new type of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process that utilizes colloidal nanoparticles as process-scalable precursors for the wafer-scale production of TMD monolayers. Facile uniform distribution of nanoparticle precursors on the entire substrate leads to the wafer-scale uniform synthesis of TMD monolayers with the controlled size and morphology. Composition-controlled TMD alloy monolayers with tunable bandgaps can be produced by simply mixing dual nanoparticle precursor solutions in the desired ratio. We also demonstrate the fabrication of ultrathin field-effect transistors and flexible electronics with uniformly controlled performance by using TMD monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Seung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohun Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhu Bae
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonkyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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22
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Hernandez Ruiz K, Wang Z, Ciprian M, Zhu M, Tu R, Zhang L, Luo W, Fan Y, Jiang W. Chemical Vapor Deposition Mediated Phase Engineering for 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Strategies and Applications. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Hernandez Ruiz
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Matteo Ciprian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Rong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Lianmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yuchi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Institute of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
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23
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Schranghamer TF, Sharma M, Singh R, Das S. Review and comparison of layer transfer methods for two-dimensional materials for emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11032-11054. [PMID: 34397050 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer immense potential for scientific breakthroughs and technological innovations. While early demonstrations of 2D material-based electronics, optoelectronics, flextronics, straintronics, twistronics, and biomimetic devices exploited micromechanically-exfoliated single crystal flakes, recent years have witnessed steady progress in large-area growth techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and metal-organic CVD (MOCVD). However, use of high growth temperatures, chemically-active growth precursors and promoters, and the need for epitaxy often limit direct growth of 2D materials on the substrates of interest for commercial applications. This has led to the development of a large number of methods for the layer transfer of 2D materials from the growth substrate to the target application substrate with varying degrees of cleanliness, uniformity, and transfer-related damage. This review aims to catalog and discuss these layer transfer methods. In particular, the processes, advantages, and drawbacks of various transfer methods are discussed, as is their applicability to different technological platforms of interest for 2D material implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Schranghamer
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Madan Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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24
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Wang Q, Yin H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Ai S. Investigation of the inhibited biotoxicity of heavy metals towards 5- formylcytosine in rice by hydrochar based on photoelectrochemical biosensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125293. [PMID: 33647617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was constructed for 5-formylcytosine (5fC) nucleotide detection based on Ag2S@WS2 photoactive material and FeVO4 catalytic signal quenching. After Ag2S@WS2 was modified onto the ITO substrate surface, 5fC recognition reagent of Au@4-amino3hydrazino5mercapto-1,2,4-triazol (Au@AHMT) was further modified through electrostatic adsorption. Afterwards, based on the specific chemical reaction between -NH2 and -CHO, 5fC can be selectively recognized and captured. Subsequently, the nanoenzyme of FeVO4 was recognized based on the specific reaction between the phosphate group of 5fC nucleotide and Fe3+. Under the catalysis of FeVO4, the 4-chloro-1-naphthol in the detection solution can be oxidized to generate a precipitate, which will be retained on the electrode surface to inhibit the PEC signal. The developed method presented a widely dynamic range from 0.1 to 400 nM. The detection limit was 0.062 nM (3σ). This method also showed good detection selectivity, reproducibility and stability. The applicability was verified by investigating 5fC content change in genomic DNA of rice tissues after incubated with heavy metals. Moreover, the inhibited influence of hydrochar towards heavy metals was also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Huanshun Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
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25
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Wang Q, Yin H, Ding J, Fang X, Zhou Y, Ai S. Enhanced photoactivity of ZnPc@WS 2 heterojunction by CuBi 2O 4 and its application for photoelectrochemical detection of 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine. Talanta 2021; 234:122697. [PMID: 34364493 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous epigenetic marker 5-formylcytosine (5 fC) is introduced by 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) oxidation under action of enzyme oxidation, and plays an important role in many life activities. Since the content of 5 fC in mammalian tissues and cells is very low, it is necessary to exploit a sensitive and specific detection method to further understand the function of 5 fC. In this work, a sensitively and selectively photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was developed for 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5fdC) detection. CuBi2O4/ZnPc@WS2 was used as photoactive material, where the formed ternary heterojunction structure greatly enhanced the PEC response and increased the detection sensitivity. Positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) was employed as 5fdC recognition and capture unit, where the amine group on PEI specifically reacted with aldehyde group of 5fdC to form stable amide bond. 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid (4-CPBA) was adopted as crosslinker for 5fdC and amino functionalized CuBi2O4 based on the covalent interaction between 1,3-diol bond on 5fdC and boric acid structure on 4-CPBA, and the covalent interaction between -COOH on 4-CPBA and -NH2 on amino functionalized CuBi2O4. On the basis of the positive synergistic effect of ZnPc and CuBi2O4 on improving the photoelectric performance of WS2, the separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs in semiconductors were promoted, and the examination range was expanded from 0.1 to 500 nM, and the detection limit was 0.0483 nM (3σ). Based on the unique covalent reaction between -NH2 and -CHO, the PEC biosensor has excellent detection sensitivity, and can even separate 5fdC from 5-methylcytosine deoxyribonucleoside and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine deoxyribonucleoside. The effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on the 5fdC content in wheat tissue genome has also been further investigated using this sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huanshun Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xi Fang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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26
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Delie G, Chiappe D, Asselberghs I, Huyghebaert C, Radu I, Banerjee S, Groven B, Brems S, Afanas’ev VV. Processing Stability of Monolayer WS2 on SiO2. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using internal photoemission of electrons, the energy position of the valence band top edge in 1 monolayer WS2 films on top of SiO2 thermally-grown on Si was monitored to evaluate the stability of the WS2 layer with respect to two critically important technological factors: exposure to air and the transfer of WS2 from the growth substrate (sapphire) onto SiO2. Contrary to previous results obtained for WS2 and MoS2 layers synthesized by metal film thermal sulfurization in H2S, the valence band top of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition grown WS2 is found to remain at 3.7 ± 0.1 eV below the conduction band bottom edge of SiO2 through different growth runs, transfer processing, and storage in air for several months. This exceptional stability indicates WS2 as a viable candidate for the wafer-scale technology implementation.
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27
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Woo G, Kim HU, Yoo H, Kim T. Recyclable free-polymer transfer of nano-grain MoS 2 film onto arbitrary substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:045702. [PMID: 32998130 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbcea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clean transfer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) film is highly desirable, as intrinsic properties of TMDs may be degraded in a conventional wet transfer process using a polymer-based resist and toxic chemical solvent. Residues from the resists often remain on the transferred TMDs, thereby causing a significant variation in their electrical and optical characteristics. Therefore, an alternative to the conventional wet transfer method is needed-one in which no residue is left behind. Herein, we report that our molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition can be easily transferred onto arbitrary substrates (such as SiO2/Si, polyimide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and polyethersulfone) by using water alone, i.e. without residues or chemical solvents. The transferred MoS2 film retains its original morphology and physical properties, which are investigated by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface tension analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate multiple recycling of the resist-free transfer for the nano-grain MoS2 film. Using the proposed water-assisted and recyclable transfer, MoS2/p-doped Si wafer photodiode was fabricated, and the opto-electric properties of the photodiode were characterized to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhoo Woo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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28
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Abid, Sehrawat P, Julien CM, Islam SS. Interface Kinetics Assisted Barrier Removal in Large Area 2D-WS 2 Growth to Facilitate Mass Scale Device Production. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:220. [PMID: 33467037 PMCID: PMC7829995 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth of monolayer WS2 of domain size beyond few microns is a challenge even today; and it is still restricted to traditional exfoliation techniques, with no control over the dimension. Here, we present the synthesis of mono- to few layer WS2 film of centimeter2 size on graphene-oxide (GO) coated Si/SiO2 substrate using the chemical vapor deposition CVD technique. Although the individual size of WS2 crystallites is found smaller, the joining of grain boundaries due to sp 2-bonded carbon nanostructures (~3-6 nm) in GO to reduced graphene-oxide (RGO) transformed film, facilitates the expansion of domain size in continuous fashion resulting in full coverage of the substrate. Another factor, equally important for expanding the domain boundary, is surface roughness of RGO film. This is confirmed by conducting WS2 growth on Si wafer marked with few scratches on polished surface. Interestingly, WS2 growth was observed in and around the rough surface irrespective of whether polished or unpolished. More the roughness is, better the yield in crystalline WS2 flakes. Raman mapping ascertains the uniform mono-to-few layer growth over the entire substrate, and it is reaffirmed by photoluminescence, AFM and HRTEM. This study may open up a new approach for growth of large area WS2 film for device application. We have also demonstrated the potential of the developed film for photodetector application, where the cycling response of the detector is highly repetitive with negligible drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India; (A.); (P.S.)
| | - Poonam Sehrawat
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India; (A.); (P.S.)
| | - Christian M. Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Saikh S. Islam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India; (A.); (P.S.)
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29
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Lee MJ, Seo DH, Kwon SM, Kim D, Kim Y, Yun WS, Cha JH, Song HK, Lee S, Jung M, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Heo JS, Seo S, Park SK. Measurement of Exciton and Trion Energies in Multistacked hBN/WS 2 Coupled Quantum Wells for Resonant Tunneling Diodes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16114-16121. [PMID: 33140970 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confinements, especially quantum in narrow wells, have been investigated because of their controllability over electrical parameters. For example, quantum dots can emit a variety of photon wavelengths even for the same material depending on their particle size. More recently, the research into two-dimensional (2D) materials has shown the availability of several quantum mechanical phenomenon confined within a sheet of materials. Starting with the gapless semimetal properties of graphene, current research has begun into the excitons and their properties within 2D materials. Even for simple 2D systems, experimental results often offer surprising results, unexpected from traditional studies. We investigated a coupled quantum well system using 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) barrier as well as 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) semiconductor arranged in stacked structures to study the various 2D to 2D interactions. We determined that for hexagonal boron nitride-tungsten disulfide (hBN/WS2) quantum well stacks, the interaction between successive wells resulted in decreasing bandgap, and the effect was pronounced even over a large distance of up to four stacks. Additionally, we observed that a single layer of isolating hBN barriers significantly reduces interlayer interaction between WS2 layers, while still preserving the interwell interactions in the alternative hBN/WS2 structure. The methods we used for the study of coupled quantum wells here show a method for determining the respective exciton energy levels and trion energy levels within 2D materials and 2D materials-based structures. Renormalization energy levels are the key in understanding conductive and photonic properties of stacked 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Jae Lee
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | | | - Sung Min Kwon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Won Seok Yun
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Cha
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyo Song
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Shinbuhm Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - MinKyung Jung
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jun Lee
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - June-Seo Kim
- Convergence Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Heo
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Sunae Seo
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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30
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Fan Y, Nakanishi K, Veigang-Radulescu VP, Mizuta R, Stewart JC, Swallow JEN, Dearle AE, Burton OJ, Alexander-Webber JA, Ferrer P, Held G, Brennan B, Pollard AJ, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S. Understanding metal organic chemical vapour deposition of monolayer WS 2: the enhancing role of Au substrate for simple organosulfur precursors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22234-22244. [PMID: 33141137 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We find that the use of Au substrate allows fast, self-limited WS2 monolayer growth using a simple sequential exposure pattern of low cost, low toxicity precursors, namely tungsten hexacarbonyl and dimethylsulfide (DMS). We use this model reaction system to fingerprint the technologically important metal organic chemical vapour deposition process by operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to address the current lack of understanding of the underlying fundamental growth mechanisms for WS2 and related transition metal dichalcogenides. Au effectively promotes the sulfidation of W with simple organosulfides, enabling WS2 growth with low DMS pressure (<1 mbar) and a suppression of carbon contamination of as-grown WS2, which to date has been a major challenge with this precursor chemistry. Full WS2 coverage can be achieved by one exposure cycle of 10 minutes at 700 °C. We discuss our findings in the wider context of previous literature on heterogeneous catalysis, 2D crystal growth, and overlapping process technologies such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and direct metal conversion, linking to future integrated manufacturing processes for transition metal dichalcogenide layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kenichi Nakanishi
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Ryo Mizuta
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - J Callum Stewart
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jack E N Swallow
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Alice E Dearle
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Oliver J Burton
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Barry Brennan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Rd, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Rd, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
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31
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Lin H, Xu ZQ, Cao G, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wang Z, Wan Z, Liu Z, Loh KP, Qiu CW, Bao Q, Jia B. Diffraction-limited imaging with monolayer 2D material-based ultrathin flat lenses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:137. [PMID: 32821378 PMCID: PMC7421448 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin flat optics allow control of light at the subwavelength scale that is unmatched by traditional refractive optics. To approach the atomically thin limit, the use of 2D materials is an attractive possibility due to their high refractive indices. However, achievement of diffraction-limited focusing and imaging is challenged by their thickness-limited spatial resolution and focusing efficiency. Here we report a universal method to transform 2D monolayers into ultrathin flat lenses. Femtosecond laser direct writing was applied to generate local scattering media inside a monolayer, which overcomes the longstanding challenge of obtaining sufficient phase or amplitude modulation in atomically thin 2D materials. We achieved highly efficient 3D focusing with subwavelength resolution and diffraction-limited imaging. The high focusing performance even allows diffraction-limited imaging at different focal positions with varying magnifications. Our work paves the way for downscaling of optical devices using 2D materials and reports an unprecedented approach for fabricating ultrathin imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Zai-Quan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Guiyuan Cao
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Lab of Artificial Microstructure for Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518000 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Zhichen Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583 Singapore
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
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32
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Li W, Huang J, Han B, Xie C, Huang X, Tian K, Zeng Y, Zhao Z, Gao P, Zhang Y, Yang T, Zhang Z, Sun S, Hou Y. Molten-Salt-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for Substitutional Doping of Monolayer MoS 2 and Effectively Altering the Electronic Structure and Phononic Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001080. [PMID: 32832362 PMCID: PMC7435234 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Substitutional doping of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been proved to be an effective route to alter their intrinsic properties and achieve tunable bandgap, electrical conductivity and magnetism, thus greatly broadening their applications. However, achieving valid substitutional doping of TMDs remains a great challenge to date. Herein, a distinctive molten-salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MACVD) method is developed to match the volatilization of the dopants perfectly with the growth process of monolayer MoS2, realizing the substitutional doping of transition metal Fe, Co, and Mn. This doping strategy effectively alters the electronic structure and phononic properties of the pristine MoS2. In addition, a temperature-dependent Raman spectrum is employed to explore the effect of dopants on the lattice dynamics and first-order temperature coefficient of monolayer MoS2, and this doping effect is illustrated in depth combined with the theoretical calculation. This work provides an intriguing and powerful doping strategy for TMDs through employing molten salt in the CVD system, paving the way for exploring new properties of 2D TMDs and extending their applications into spintronics, catalytic chemistry and photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jianqi Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Bo Han
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kesong Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Teng Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT) Beijing 100871 China
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33
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Wan X, Li H, Chen K, Xu J. Towards Scalable Fabrications and Applications of 2D Layered Material-based Vertical and Lateral Heterostructures. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Chu Z, Wang CY, Quan J, Zhang C, Lei C, Han A, Ma X, Tang HL, Abeysinghe D, Staab M, Zhang X, MacDonald AH, Tung V, Li X, Shih CK, Lai K. Unveiling defect-mediated carrier dynamics in monolayer semiconductors by spatiotemporal microwave imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13908-13913. [PMID: 32513713 PMCID: PMC7322012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides are strongly correlated with the presence of defects in the materials, which are not necessarily detrimental for certain applications. For instance, defects can lead to an enhanced photoconduction, a complicated process involving charge generation and recombination in the time domain and carrier transport in the spatial domain. Here, we report the simultaneous spatial and temporal photoconductivity imaging in two types of WS2 monolayers by laser-illuminated microwave impedance microscopy. The diffusion length and carrier lifetime were directly extracted from the spatial profile and temporal relaxation of microwave signals, respectively. Time-resolved experiments indicate that the critical process for photoexcited carriers is the escape of holes from trap states, which prolongs the apparent lifetime of mobile electrons in the conduction band. As a result, counterintuitively, the long-lived photoconductivity signal is higher in chemical-vapor deposited (CVD) samples than exfoliated monolayers due to the presence of traps that inhibits recombination. Our work reveals the intrinsic time and length scales of electrical response to photoexcitation in van der Waals materials, which is essential for their applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Chu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Chun-Yuan Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chao Lei
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Ali Han
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuejian Ma
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hao-Ling Tang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dishan Abeysinghe
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Matthew Staab
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Allan H MacDonald
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Vincent Tung
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Keji Lai
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712;
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35
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Khan K, Tareen AK, Aslam M, Mahmood A, khan Q, Zhang Y, Ouyang Z, Guo Z, Zhang H. Going green with batteries and supercapacitor: Two dimensional materials and their nanocomposites based energy storage applications. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Li F, Wang S, Yin H, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Ai S. Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for DNA Formylation Detection in Genomic DNA of Maize Seedlings Based on Black Tio 2-Enhanced Photoactivity of MoS 2/WS 2 Heterojunction. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1092-1101. [PMID: 32159349 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
5-Formylcytosine (5fC) is a rare base found in mammalian DNA, which is thought to be involved in the demethylation of DNA. As a stable epigenetic modification, 5fC participates in gene regulation and cell differentiation, and plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. However, the abundance of 5fC is only as low as 0.002-0.02% of cytosine. Therefore, to further understand the functions of 5fC, a rapid, highly sensitive, and efficient method is needed for detecting 5fC. Herein, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was constructed for 5fC detection, where a MoS2/WS2 nanosheet heterojunction was employed as a photoactive material, amino-functionalized Fe3O4 and SMCC were used as a linker, 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole was adopted as 5fC recognition reagent, and black TiO2 (B-TiO2) was used as a signal amplification unit. Under the optimal experimental conditions, this PEC biosensor showed a wide linear range of 0.01-200 nM and a low detection limit of 2.7 pM (S/N = 3). Due to the specific covalent reaction between -NH2 and -CHO, the biosensor presented high detection sensitivity, even discriminating 5fC with 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. The biosensor was then applied to investigate the effect of heavy metal Cd2+ on 5fC content in the root, stem, and leaves of maize seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
| | - Huanshun Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P. R. China
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37
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Li F, Yin H, Chen Y, Wang S, Li J, Zhang Y, Li C, Ai S. Preparation of P-g-C3N4-WS2 nanocomposite and its application in photoelectrochemical detection of 5-formylcytosine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 561:348-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Goggin DM, Zhang H, Miller EM, Samaniuk JR. Interference Provides Clarity: Direct Observation of 2D Materials at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:777-790. [PMID: 31820924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer particles of two-dimensional (2D) materials represent a scientifically and technologically interesting class of anisotropic particles with colloidal-scale lateral sizes but sub-nanometer thicknesses. This atomic-scale thickness leads to interesting phenomena that can be exploited in next-generation thin-film technologies, and fluid-fluid interfaces provide a potentially scalable platform to confine, assemble, and deposit functional thin films of 2D materials. However, directly observing how these materials interact and assemble into a given film morphology is experimentally challenging because of their sub-nanometer thicknesses. Here, we demonstrate the ability to directly observe graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles at fluid-fluid interfaces using interference reflection microscopy (IRM). Monolayer MoS2 and graphene particles demonstrated >10% optical contrast at an air-water interface, which allowed us to quantitatively analyze in situ images of self-assembled MoS2 particles and to map trajectories of interacting graphene particles. Additionally, the Brownian motion of a graphene particle was tracked and analyzed in the context of passive microrheology theory for 2D particle probes. Our results demonstrate how IRM can be used to obtain quantitative spatiotemporal information regarding the self-assembly and dynamics of 2D materials at fluid-fluid interfaces. It will have a significant impact on our ability to investigate systems of atomically thin particles at fluid-fluid interfaces, an area that has fundamental scientific importance and materials science applications but has suffered from a lack of direct, in situ observation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goggin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph R Samaniuk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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39
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Khan K, Tareen AK, Aslam M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Ouyang Z, Gou Z, Zhang H. Recent advances in two-dimensional materials and their nanocomposites in sustainable energy conversion applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21622-21678. [PMID: 31702753 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have a wide platform in research and expanding nano- and atomic-level applications. This study is motivated by the well-established 2D catalysts, which demonstrate high efficiency, selectivity and sustainability exceeding that of classical noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and/or hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nowadays, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis is crucial for the cost-efficient production of a pure hydrogen fuel. We will also discuss another important point related to electrochemical carbon dioxide and nitrogen reduction (ECR and N2RR) in detail. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent progress in the fuel cell technology based on 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, metal-organic frameworks, and metal oxide nanosheets. First, the basic attributes of the 2D materials were described, and their fuel cell mechanisms were also summarized. Finally, some effective methods for enhancing the performance of the fuel cells based on 2D materials were also discussed, and the opportunities and challenges of 2D material-based fuel cells at the commercial level were also provided. This review can provide new avenues for 2D materials with properties suitable for fuel cell technology development and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khan
- Advanced electromagnetic function laboratory, Dongguan University of Technology (DGUT), Dongguan, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
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40
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Gao X, Zhang X, Yin W, Wang H, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Shi Z, Colvin VL, Yu WW, Zhang Y. Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites: Synthesis and Optical Properties for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900941. [PMID: 31763136 PMCID: PMC6864510 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites with a formula of (A')2(A) n -1B n X3 n +1 have recently gained widespread interest as candidates for the next generation of optoelectronic devices. The variations of organic cation, metal halide, and the number of layers in the structure lead to the change of crystal structures and properties for different optoelectronic applications. Herein, the different synthetic methods for 2D perovskite crystals and thin films are summarized and compared. The optoelectronic properties and the charge transfer process in the devices are also delved, in particular, for light-emitting diodes and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Wenxu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLouisiana State UniversityShreveportLA71115USA
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of ChemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Department of ChemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of EducationDepartment of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
| | | | - William W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLouisiana State UniversityShreveportLA71115USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
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41
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Han S, Boguschewski C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Zhu J, van Loosdrecht PHM. Incoherent phonon population and exciton-exciton annihilation dynamics in monolayer WS 2 revealed by time-resolved Resonance Raman scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:29949-29961. [PMID: 31684250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.029949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin layer transition metal dichalcogenides have been intensively investigated for their rich optical properties and potential applications on nano-electronics. In this work, we study the incoherent phonon and exciton population dynamics in monolayer WS2 by time-resolved Resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy. Upon excitation of the exciton transition, both Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering strength of the optical and the longitudinal acoustic two phonon modes exhibit large reduction. Based on the assumption of quasi-equilibrium distribution, the hidden phonon population dynamics is retrieved, which shows an instant build-up and a relaxation lifetime of ∼4 ps at the exciton density ∼1012cm-2. A phonon temperature rises of ∼20 K was identified due to the exciton excitation and relaxation. The exciton relaxation dynamics extracted from the transient vibrational Raman response shows strong excitation density dependence, signaling an important bi-molecular contribution to the decay. These results provide significant knowledge on the thermal dynamics after optical excitation, enhance the understanding of the fundamental exciton dynamics in two-dimensional transition metal materials, and demonstrate that time-resolved Resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy is a powerful method for exploring quasi-particle dynamics in optical materials.
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42
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Lan C, Kang X, Wei R, Meng Y, Yip S, Zhang H, Ho JC. Utilizing a NaOH Promoter to Achieve Large Single-Domain Monolayer WS 2 Films via Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35238-35246. [PMID: 31462044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of their fascinating properties, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted a lot of attention for developing next-generation electronics and optoelectronics. However, there is still a lack of cost-effective, highly reproducible, and controllable synthesis methods for developing high-quality semiconducting 2D monolayers with a sufficiently large single-domain size. Here, utilizing a NaOH promoter and W foils as the W source, we have successfully achieved the fabrication of ultralarge single-domain monolayer WS2 films via a modified chemical vapor deposition method. With the proper introduction of a NaOH promoter, the single-domain size of monolayer WS2 can be increased to 550 μm, while the WS2 flakes can be well controlled by simply varying the growth duration and oxygen concentration in the carrier gas. Importantly, when they are fabricated into global backgated transistors, WS2 devices exhibit respectable peak electron mobility up to 1.21 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is comparable to those of many state-of-the-art WS2 transistors. Photodetectors based on these single-domain WS2 monolayers give an impressive photodetection performance with a maximum responsivity of 3.2 mA W-1. All these findings do not only provide a cost-effective platform for the synthesis of high-quality large single-domain 2D nanomaterials, but also facilitate their excellent intrinsic material properties for the next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Lan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
| | | | | | | | - SenPo Yip
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | | | - Johnny C Ho
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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43
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Seo S, Kim S, Choi H, Lee J, Yoon H, Piao G, Park J, Jung Y, Song J, Jeong SY, Park H, Lee S. Direct In Situ Growth of Centimeter-Scale Multi-Heterojunction MoS 2/WS 2/WSe 2 Thin-Film Catalyst for Photo-Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900301. [PMID: 31380186 PMCID: PMC6662091 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To date, the in situ fabrication of the large-scale van der Waals multi-heterojunction transition metal dichalcogenides (multi-TMDs) is significantly challenging using conventional deposition methods. In this study, vertically stacked centimeter-scale multi-TMD (MoS2/WS2/WSe2 and MoS2/WSe2) thin films are successfully fabricated via sequential pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which is an in situ growth process. The fabricated MoS2/WS2/WSe2 thin film on p-type silicon (p-Si) substrate is designed to form multistaggered gaps (type-II band structure) with p-Si, and this film exhibits excellent spatial and thickness uniformity, which is verified by Raman spectroscopy. Among various application fields, MoS2/WS2/WSe2 is applied to the thin-film catalyst of a p-Si photocathode, to effectively transfer the photogenerated electrons from p-Si to the electrolyte in the photo-electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution. From a comparison between the PEC performances of the homostructure TMDs (homo-TMDs)/p-Si and multi-TMDs/p-Si, it is demonstrated that the multistaggered gap of multi-TMDs/p-Si improves the PEC performance significantly more than the homo-TMDs/p-Si and bare p-Si by effective charge transfer. The new in situ growth process for the fabrication of multi-TMD thin films offers a novel and innovative method for the application of multi-TMD thin films to various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Seo
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoong Choi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Hongji Yoon
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Guangxia Piao
- School of Energy EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Cheol Park
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Jung
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesun Song
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Jeong
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- School of Energy EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghan Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
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44
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Jia Z, Shi J, Shang Q, Du W, Shan X, Ge B, Li J, Sui X, Zhong Y, Wang Q, Bao L, Zhang Q, Liu X. Charge-Transfer-Induced Photoluminescence Properties of WSe 2 Monolayer-Bilayer Homojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20566-20573. [PMID: 31082257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The charge-transfer process in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) lateral homojunction affects the electron-hole recombination process of in optoelectronic devices. However, the optical properties of the homojunction reflecting the charge-transfer process has not been observed and studied. In this work, we investigated the charge-transfer-induced emission properties based on monolayer (1L)-bilayer (2L) WSe2 lateral homojunction with dozens of nanometer monolayer region. On the one hand, the photoluminescence (PL) emission of bilayer WSe2 from the homojunction area blue shifts ∼23 and ∼31 meV for direct and indirect bandgap emission, respectively, compared with the bare WSe2 bilayer region. The blue shift of the emission spectrum in the bilayer WSe2 is ascribed to the decrease in binding energy induced by charge transfer from monolayer to bilayer. On the other hand, the energy shift shows a tendency to increase as the temperature decreases. The energy blue shift is ∼57 meV for direct bandgap emission at 80 K, which is larger than that (∼23 meV) at room temperature. The larger-energy blue shift at low temperature is derived from the larger driving force under larger band offset. Our observations of the unique optical properties induced by efficient charge transfer are very helpful for exploring novel TMDC-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jia Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xinyu Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lihong Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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45
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Wang L, Schmid M, Nilsson ZN, Tahir M, Chen H, Sambur JB. Laser Annealing Improves the Photoelectrochemical Activity of Ultrathin MoSe 2 Photoelectrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19207-19217. [PMID: 31070890 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding light-matter interactions in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is critical for optoelectronic device applications. Several studies have shown that high intensity light irradiation can tune the optical and physical properties of pristine TMDs. The enhancement in optoelectronic properties has been attributed to a so-called laser annealing effect that heals chalcogen vacancies. However, it is unknown whether laser annealing improves functional properties such as photocatalytic activity. Here, we show that high intensity supra band gap illumination improves the photoelectrochemical activity of MoSe2 nanosheets for iodide oxidation in indium doped tin oxide/MoSe2/I-, I3-/Pt liquid junction solar cells. Ensemble-level photoelectrochemical measurements show that, on average, illuminating MoSe2 thin films with 1 W/cm2 532 nm excitation increases the photoelectrochemical current by 142% and shifts the photocurrent response to more favorable (negative) potentials. Scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy measurements reveal that pristine bilayer (2L)-MoSe2, trilayer (3L)-MoSe2, and multilayer-thick nanosheets are initially inactive for iodide oxidation. The light treatment activates 2L-MoSe2 and 3L-MoSe2 materials, and the activation process initiates at the edge sites. The photocurrent enhancement is more significant for 2L-MoSe2 than for 1L-MoSe2. Multilayer-thick MoSe2 remains inactive for iodide oxidation even after the laser treatment. Our microscopy measurements reveal that the laser-induced enhancement effect depends critically on MoSe2 layer thickness. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements further show that the laser treatment oxidizes Mo(IV) species that are initially associated with Se vacancies. Ambient oxygen fills the Se vacancies and removes trap states, thereby increasing the overall photogenerated carrier collection efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first report on using laser to enhance the photoelectrocatalytic properties of few-layer-thick TMDs. The simple and rapid laser annealing procedure is a promising strategy to tune the reactivity of TMD-based photoelectrochemical cells for electricity and chemical fuel production.
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46
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Kim SY, Kwak J, Ciobanu CV, Kwon SY. Recent Developments in Controlled Vapor-Phase Growth of 2D Group 6 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804939. [PMID: 30706541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An overview of recent developments in controlled vapor-phase growth of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMD) films is presented. Investigations of thin-film formation mechanisms and strategies for realizing 2D TMD films with less-defective large domains are of central importance because single-crystal-like 2D TMDs exhibit the most beneficial electronic and optoelectronic properties. The focus is on the role of the various growth parameters, including strategies for efficiently delivering the precursors, the selection and preparation of the substrate surface as a growth assistant, and the introduction of growth promoters (e.g., organic molecules and alkali metal halides) to facilitate the layered growth of (Mo, W)(S, Se, Te)2 atomic crystals on inert substrates. Critical factors governing the thermodynamic and kinetic factors related to chemical reaction pathways and the growth mechanism are reviewed. With modification of classical nucleation theory, strategies for designing and growing various vertical/lateral TMD-based heterostructures are discussed. Then, several pioneering techniques for facile observation of structural defects in TMDs, which substantially degrade the properties of macroscale TMDs, are introduced. Technical challenges to be overcome and future research directions in the vapor-phase growth of 2D TMDs for heterojunction devices are discussed in light of recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yang Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Kwak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Cristian V Ciobanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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47
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Zhang S, Xu H, Liao F, Sun Y, Ba K, Sun Z, Qiu ZJ, Xu Z, Zhu H, Chen L, Sun Q, Zhou P, Bao W, Zhang DW. Wafer-scale transferred multilayer MoS 2 for high performance field effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:174002. [PMID: 30641493 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafe24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition synthesis of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offers a new route to build next-generation semiconductor devices. But realization of continuous and uniform multilayer (ML) TMD films is still limited by their specific growth kinetics, such as the competition between surface and interfacial energy. In this work, a layer-by-layer vacuum stacking transfer method is applied to obtain uniform and non-destructive ML-MoS2 films. Back-gated field effect transistor (FET) arrays of 1L- and 2L-MoS2 are fabricated on the same wafer, and their electrical performances are compared. We observe a significant increase of field-effect mobility for 2L-MoS2 FETs, up to 32.5 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is seven times higher than that of 1L-MoS2 (4.5 cm2 V-1 s-1). Then we also fabricated 1L-, 2L-, 3L-, and 4L-MoS2 FETs to further investigate the thickness-dependent characteristics of transferred ML-MoS2. Measurement results show a higher mobility but a smaller current on/off ratio as the layer number increases, suggesting that a balance between mobility and current on/off ratio can be achieved in 2L- and 3L-MoS2 FETs. Dual-gated structure is also investigated to demonstrate an improved electrostatic control of the ML-MoS2 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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48
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Liu Z, Murphy AW, Kuppe C, Hooper DC, Valev VK, Ilie A. WS 2 Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3896-3909. [PMID: 30912636 PMCID: PMC7007277 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile, catalyst free chemical vapor deposition process on insulating substrates capable of producing in one single stream one-dimensional (1D) WO3- x suboxides leading to a wide range of substrate-supported 2H-WS2 polymorphs: a tunable class of out-of-plane (of the substrate) nanophases, with 1D nanotubes and a pure WS2, two-dimensional (2D) nanomesh (defined as a network of webbed, micron-size, few-layer 2D sheets) at its extremes; and in-plane (parallel to the substrate) mono- and few-layer 2D domains. This entails a two-stage approach in which the 2WO3 + 7S → 2WS2 + 3SO2 reaction is intentionally decoupled. First, various morphologies of nanowires or nanorods of high stoichiometry, WO2.92/WO2.9 suboxides (belonging to the class of Magnéli phases) were formed, followed by their sulfurization to undergo reduction to the aforementioned WS2 polymorphs. The continuous transition of WS2 from nanotubes to the out-of-plane 2D nanomesh, via intermediary, mixed 1D-2D phases, delivers tunable functional properties, for example, linear and nonlinear optical properties, such as reflectivity (linked to optical excitations in the material), and second harmonic generation (SHG) and onset of saturable absorption. The SHG effect is very strong across the entire tunable class of WS2 nanomaterials, weakest in nanotubes, and strongest in the 2D nanomesh. Furthermore, a mechanism via suboxide (WO3- x) intermediate as a possible path to 2D domain growth is demonstrated. 2D, in-plane WS2 domains grow via "self-seeding and feeding" where short WO2.92/WO2.9 nanorods provide both the nucleation sites and the precursor feedstock. Understanding the reaction path (here, in the W-O-S space) is an emerging approach toward controlling the nucleation, growth, and morphology of 2D domains and films of transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Liu
- Centre
for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander William
Allen Murphy
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - David Charles Hooper
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ventsislav Kolev Valev
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Ilie
- Centre
for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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49
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Shi B, Zhou D, Fang S, Djebbi K, Feng S, Zhao H, Tlili C, Wang D. Facile and Controllable Synthesis of Large-Area Monolayer WS₂ Flakes Based on WO₃ Precursor Drop-Casted Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040578. [PMID: 30970578 PMCID: PMC6523556 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer WS2 (Tungsten Disulfide) with a direct-energy gap and excellent photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature shows potential applications in optoelectronics. However, controllable synthesis of large-area monolayer WS2 is still challenging because of the difficulty in controlling the interrelated growth parameters. Herein, we report a facile and controllable method for synthesis of large-area monolayer WS2 flakes by direct sulfurization of powdered WO3 (Tungsten Trioxide) drop-casted on SiO2/Si substrates in a one-end sealed quartz tube. The samples were thoroughly characterized by an optical microscope, atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope, fluorescence microscope, photoluminescence spectrometer, and Raman spectrometer. The obtained results indicate that large triangular monolayer WS2 flakes with an edge length up to 250 to 370 μm and homogeneous crystallinity were readily synthesized within 5 min of growth. We demonstrate that the as-grown monolayer WS2 flakes show distinctly size-dependent fluorescence emission, which is mainly attributed to the heterogeneous release of intrinsic tensile strain after growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Shi
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Daming Zhou
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Khouloud Djebbi
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shuanglong Feng
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Hongquan Zhao
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Chaker Tlili
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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50
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Xi Y, Zhuang J, Hao W, Du Y. Recent Progress on Two‐Dimensional Heterostructures for Catalytic, Optoelectronic, and Energy Applications. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Xi
- BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre and School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Zhuang
- BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre and School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM) Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM) University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Weichang Hao
- BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre and School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM) Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM) University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Yi Du
- BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre and School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM) Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM) University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
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