1
|
Feng R, Lan J, Goh MC, Du M, Chen Z. Advances in the application of gas vesicles in medical imaging and disease treatment. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:41. [PMID: 39044273 PMCID: PMC11267810 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gas vesicle (GV) is like a hollow nanoparticle consisting of an internal gas and a protein shell, which mainly consists of hydrophobic gas vesicle protein A (GvpA) and GvpC attached to the surface. GVs, first discovered in cyanobacteria, are mainly produced by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) and halophilic archaea. After being modified and engineered, GVs can be utilized as contrast agents, delivery carriers, and immunological boosters for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment with good results due to their tiny size, strong stability and non-toxicity advantages. Many diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on GV are currently under development. In this review, we discuss the source, function, physical and chemical properties of GV, focus on the current application progress of GV, and put forward the possible application prospect and development direction of GV in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, the Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Lan
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meei Chyn Goh
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meng Du
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, the Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, the Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hurt R, Jin Z, Soufi M, Wong KK, Sawyer DP, Shen HK, Dutka P, Deshpande R, Zhang R, Mittelstein DR, Shapiro MG. Directed Evolution of Acoustic Reporter Genes Using High-Throughput Acoustic Screening. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2215-2226. [PMID: 38981096 PMCID: PMC11264329 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge in the fields of biological imaging and synthetic biology is noninvasively visualizing the functions of natural and engineered cells inside opaque samples such as living animals. One promising technology that addresses this limitation is ultrasound (US), with its penetration depth of several cm and spatial resolution on the order of 100 μm. Within the past decade, reporter genes for US have been introduced and engineered to link cellular functions to US signals via heterologous expression in commensal bacteria and mammalian cells. These acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) represent a novel class of genetically encoded US contrast agent, and are based on air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles (GVs). Just as the discovery of fluorescent proteins was followed by the improvement and diversification of their optical properties through directed evolution, here we describe the evolution of GVs as acoustic reporters. To accomplish this task, we establish high-throughput, semiautomated acoustic screening of ARGs in bacterial cultures and use it to screen mutant libraries for variants with increased nonlinear US scattering. Starting with scanning site saturation libraries for two homologues of the primary GV structural protein, GvpA/B, two rounds of evolution resulted in GV variants with 5- and 14-fold stronger acoustic signals than the parent proteins. We anticipate that this and similar approaches will help high-throughput protein engineering play as large a role in the development of acoustic biomolecules as it has for their fluorescent counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert
C. Hurt
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mohamed Soufi
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Katie K. Wong
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Daniel P. Sawyer
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hao K. Shen
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Przemysław Dutka
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ramya Deshpande
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ruby Zhang
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David R. Mittelstein
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department
of Medical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Zheng Y, Chang M, Song J, Xia L, Wu C, Jia W, Ren H, Feng W, Chen Y. Ultrasound-Based Micro-/Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8307-8472. [PMID: 38924776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the intrinsic non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and real-time capabilities, besides diagnostic imaging, ultrasound as a typical mechanical wave has been extensively developed as a physical tool for versatile biomedical applications. Especially, the prosperity of nanotechnology and nanomedicine invigorates the landscape of ultrasound-based medicine. The unprecedented surge in research enthusiasm and dedicated efforts have led to a mass of multifunctional micro-/nanosystems being applied in ultrasound biomedicine, facilitating precise diagnosis, effective treatment, and personalized theranostics. The effective deployment of versatile ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems in biomedical applications is rooted in a profound understanding of the relationship among composition, structure, property, bioactivity, application, and performance. In this comprehensive review, we elaborate on the general principles regarding the design, synthesis, functionalization, and optimization of ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for abundant biomedical applications. In particular, recent advancements in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for diagnostic imaging are meticulously summarized. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate state-of-the-art studies concerning recent progress in ultrasound-based micro-/nanosystems for therapeutic applications targeting various pathological abnormalities including cancer, bacterial infection, brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. Finally, we conclude and provide an outlook on this research field with an in-depth discussion of the challenges faced and future developments for further extensive clinical translation and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Chang
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lili Xia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chenyao Wu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jazbec V, Varda N, Šprager E, Meško M, Vidmar S, Romih R, Podobnik M, Kežar A, Jerala R, Benčina M. Protein Gas Vesicles of Bacillus megaterium as Enhancers of Ultrasound-Induced Transcriptional Regulation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16692-16700. [PMID: 38952323 PMCID: PMC11223475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are large cylindrical gas-filled protein assemblies found in diverse aquatic bacteria that enable their adaptation of buoyancy. GVs have already been used as ultrasound contrasting agents. Here, we investigate GVs derived from Bacillus megaterium, aiming to minimize the number of accessory Gvps within the GV gene cluster and demonstrate the use of GVs as enhancers of acoustic radiation force administered by ultrasound. Three (GvpR, GvpT, and GvpU) out of 11 genes in the cluster were found to be dispensable for functional GV formation, and their omission resulted in narrower GVs. Two essential proteins GvpJ and GvpN were absent from recently determined GV structures, but GvpJ was nevertheless found to be tightly bound to the cylindrical part of GVs in this study. Additionally, the N-terminus of GvpN was observed to play an important role in the formation of mature GVs. The binding of engineered GvpC fromAnabaena flos-aquae to HEK293 cells via integrins enhanced the acoustic force delivered by ultrasound and resulted in an increased Ca2+ influx into cells. Coupling with a synthetic Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway GVs efficiently enhanced cell stimulation by ultrasound, which expands the potentials of noninvasive sonogenetics cell stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vid Jazbec
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Varda
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ernest Šprager
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Meško
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Vidmar
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute
of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Kežar
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CTGCT,
Centre for the Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department
of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National
Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CTGCT,
Centre for the Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Ljubljana, Kongresni
trg 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ling B, Gungoren B, Yao Y, Dutka P, Vassallo R, Nayak R, Smith CAB, Lee J, Swift MB, Shapiro MG. Truly Tiny Acoustic Biomolecules for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307106. [PMID: 38409678 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers significant advantages for medical imaging and therapy, including enhanced contrast and precision targeting. However, integrating these benefits into ultrasonography is challenging due to the size and stability constraints of conventional bubble-based agents. Here bicones, truly tiny acoustic contrast agents based on gas vesicles (GVs), a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures naturally produced in buoyant microbes, are described. It is shown that these sub-80 nm particles can be effectively detected both in vitro and in vivo, infiltrate tumors via leaky vasculature, deliver potent mechanical effects through ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation, and are easily engineered for molecular targeting, prolonged circulation time, and payload conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Bilge Gungoren
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Przemysław Dutka
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Reid Vassallo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1K2, Canada
| | - Rohit Nayak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Cameron A B Smith
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Margaret B Swift
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nayak R, Duan M, Ling B, Jin Z, Malounda D, Shapiro MG. Harmonic imaging for nonlinear detection of acoustic biomolecules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599141. [PMID: 38948831 PMCID: PMC11212972 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) based on acoustic reporter genes have emerged as potent contrast agents for cellular and molecular ultrasound imaging. These air-filled, genetically encoded protein nanostructures can be expressed in a variety of cell types in vivo to visualize cell location and activity or injected systemically to label and monitor tissue function. Distinguishing GVs from tissue signal deep inside intact organisms requires imaging approaches such as amplitude modulation (AM) or collapse-based pulse sequences, however they have limitations in sensitivity or require irreversible collapse of the GVs that restricts its scope for imaging dynamic cellular processes. To address these limitations, this study explores the utility of harmonic imaging to enhance the sensitivity of non-destructive imaging of GVs and cellular processes. Traditional fundamental-frequency imaging utilizing cross-wave AM (xAM) sequences has been deemed optimal for GV imaging. Contrary to this, we hypothesize that harmonic imaging, integrated with xAM could significantly elevate GV detection sensitivity. To verify our hypothesis, we conducted imaging on tissue-mimicking phantoms embedded with purified GVs, mammalian cells genetically modified to express GVs, and live mice after systemic GV infusion. Our findings reveal that harmonic xAM (HxAM) imaging markedly surpasses traditional xAM in isolating GVs' nonlinear acoustic signature, showcasing significant enhancements in signal-to-background and contrast-to-background ratios across all tested samples. Further investigation into the backscattered spectra elucidates the efficacy of harmonic imaging in conjunction with xAM. HxAM imaging enables the detection of lower concentrations of GVs and cells with ultrasound and extends the imaging depth in vivo by up to 20% and imaging performance metrics by up to 10dB. These advancements bolster the capabilities of ultrasound for molecular and cellular imaging, underscoring the potential of using harmonic signals to amplify GV detection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Wang J, Liu C, Wang Y, Li Z, Yan F. Characterization and Comparison of Contrast Imaging Properties of Naturally Isolated and Heterologously Expressed Gas Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:755. [PMID: 38931421 PMCID: PMC11207003 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents have attracted considerable interest in the medical imaging field for their ability to penetrate tumor vasculature and enable targeted imaging of cancer cells by attaching to tumor-specific ligands. Despite their potential, traditional chemically synthesized contrast agents face challenges related to complex synthesis, poor biocompatibility, and inconsistent imaging due to non-uniform particle sizes. To address these limitations, bio-synthesized nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents have been proposed as a viable alternative, offering advantages such as enhanced biocompatibility, consistent particle size for reliable imaging, and the potential for precise functionalization to improve tumor targeting. In this study, we successfully isolated cylindrical gas vesicles (GVs) from Serratia. 39006 and subsequently introduced the GVs-encoding gene cluster into Escherichia coli using genetic engineering techniques. We then characterized the contrast imaging properties of two kinds of purified GVs, using in vitro and in vivo methods. Our results demonstrated that naturally isolated GVs could produce stable ultrasound contrast signals in murine livers and tumors using clinical diagnostic ultrasound equipment. Additionally, heterologously expressed GVs from gene-engineered bacteria also exhibited good ultrasound contrast performance. Thus, our study presents favorable support for the application of genetic engineering techniques in the modification of gas vesicles for future biomedical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Ultrasonic Medicine, Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201206, China;
| | - Chenxing Liu
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Ultrasonic Medicine, Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Wang Y, Zhong L, Yan F, Zheng H. Nanoscale contrast agents: A promising tool for ultrasound imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115200. [PMID: 38364906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale contrast agents have emerged as a versatile platform in the field of biomedical research, offering great potential for ultrasound imaging and therapy. Various kinds of nanoscale contrast agents have been extensively investigated in preclinical experiments to satisfy diverse biomedical applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure and composition of various nanoscale contrast agents, as well as their preparation and functionalization, encompassing both chemosynthetic and biosynthetic strategies. Subsequently, we delve into recent advances in the utilization of nanoscale contrast agents in various biomedical applications, including ultrasound molecular imaging, ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, and cell acoustic manipulation. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanoscale contrast agents are also discussed to promote the development of this innovative nanoplatform in the field of biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- School of public health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330019, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hurt RC, Jin Z, Soufi M, Wong KK, Sawyer DP, Shen HK, Dutka P, Deshpande R, Zhang R, Mittelstein DR, Shapiro MG. Directed Evolution of Acoustic Reporter Genes Using High-Throughput Acoustic Screening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.30.587094. [PMID: 38617214 PMCID: PMC11014471 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.30.587094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge in the fields of biological imaging and synthetic biology is noninvasively visualizing the functions of natural and engineered cells inside opaque samples such as living animals. One promising technology that addresses this limitation is ultrasound (US), with its penetration depth of several cm and spatial resolution on the order of 100 µm. 1 Within the past decade, reporter genes for US have been introduced 2,3 and engineered 4,5 to link cellular functions to US signals via heterologous expression in commensal bacteria and mammalian cells. These acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) represent a novel class of genetically encoded US contrast agent, and are based on air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles (GVs). 6 Just as the discovery of fluorescent proteins was followed by the improvement and diversification of their optical properties through directed evolution, here we describe the evolution of GVs as acoustic reporters. To accomplish this task, we establish high-throughput, semi-automated acoustic screening of ARGs in bacterial cultures and use it to screen mutant libraries for variants with increased nonlinear US scattering. Starting with scanning site saturation libraries for two homologs of the primary GV structural protein, GvpA/B, two rounds of evolution resulted in GV variants with 5- and 14-fold stronger acoustic signals than the parent proteins. We anticipate that this and similar approaches will help high-throughput protein engineering play as large a role in the development of acoustic biomolecules as it has for their fluorescent counterparts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hahmann J, Ishaqat A, Lammers T, Herrmann A. Sonogenetics for Monitoring and Modulating Biomolecular Function by Ultrasound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317112. [PMID: 38197549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology, synergistically harnessed with genetic engineering and chemistry concepts, has started to open the gateway to the remarkable realm of sonogenetics-a pioneering paradigm for remotely orchestrating cellular functions at the molecular level. This fusion not only enables precisely targeted imaging and therapeutic interventions, but also advances our comprehension of mechanobiology to unparalleled depths. Sonogenetic tools harness mechanical force within small tissue volumes while preserving the integrity of the surrounding physiological environment, reaching depths of up to tens of centimeters with high spatiotemporal precision. These capabilities circumvent the inherent physical limitations of alternative in vivo control methods such as optogenetics and magnetogenetics. In this review, we first discuss mechanosensitive ion channels, the most commonly utilized sonogenetic mediators, in both mammalian and non-mammalian systems. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sonogenetic approaches that leverage thermal or mechanical features of ultrasonic waves. Additionally, we explore strategies centered around the design of mechanochemically reactive macromolecular systems. Furthermore, we delve into the realm of ultrasound imaging of biomolecular function, encompassing the utilization of gas vesicles and acoustic reporter genes. Finally, we shed light on limitations and challenges of sonogenetics and present a perspective on the future of this promising technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hahmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aman Ishaqat
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schrunk E, Dutka P, Hurt RC, Wu D, Shapiro MG. Bioorthogonal Labeling Enables In Situ Fluorescence Imaging of Expressed Gas Vesicle Nanostructures. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:333-339. [PMID: 38346316 PMCID: PMC10961726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are proteinaceous nanostructures that, along with virus-like particles, encapsulins, nanocages, and other macromolecular assemblies, are being developed for potential biomedical applications. To facilitate such development, it would be valuable to characterize these nanostructures' subcellular assembly and localization. However, traditional fluorescent protein fusions are not tolerated by GVs' primary constituent protein, making optical microscopy a challenge. Here, we introduce a method for fluorescently visualizing intracellular GVs using the bioorthogonal label FlAsH, which becomes fluorescent upon reaction with the six-amino acid tetracysteine (TC) tag. We engineered the GV subunit protein, GvpA, to display the TC tag and showed that GVs bearing TC-tagged GvpA can be successfully assembled and fluorescently visualized in HEK 293T cells. Importantly, this was achieved by replacing only a fraction of GvpA with the tagged version. We used fluorescence images of the tagged GVs to study the GV size and distance distributions within these cells. This bioorthogonal and fractional labeling approach will enable research to provide a greater understanding of GVs and could be adapted to similar proteinaceous nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Schrunk
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Przemysław Dutka
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang HC, Phan TN, Kao CL, Yeh CK, Lin YC. Genetically encoded mediators for sonogenetics and their applications in neuromodulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1326279. [PMID: 38188668 PMCID: PMC10766825 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1326279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonogenetics is an emerging approach that harnesses ultrasound for the manipulation of genetically modified cells. The great penetrability of ultrasound waves enables the non-invasive application of external stimuli to deep tissues, particularly advantageous for brain stimulation. Genetically encoded ultrasound mediators, a set of proteins that respond to ultrasound-induced bio-effects, play a critical role in determining the effectiveness and applications of sonogenetics. In this context, we will provide an overview of these ultrasound-responsive mediators, delve into the molecular mechanisms governing their response to ultrasound stimulation, and summarize their applications in neuromodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Nhan Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ling B, Ko JH, Stordy B, Zhang Y, Didden TF, Malounda D, Swift MB, Chan WCW, Shapiro MG. Gas Vesicle-Blood Interactions Enhance Ultrasound Imaging Contrast. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10748-10757. [PMID: 37983479 PMCID: PMC10722532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are genetically encoded, air-filled protein nanostructures of broad interest for biomedical research and clinical applications, acting as imaging and therapeutic agents for ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and optical techniques. However, the biomedical applications of GVs as systemically injectable nanomaterials have been hindered by a lack of understanding of GVs' interactions with blood components, which can significantly impact in vivo behavior. Here, we investigate the dynamics of GVs in the bloodstream using a combination of ultrasound and optical imaging, surface functionalization, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry. We find that erythrocytes and serum proteins bind to GVs and shape their acoustic response, circulation time, and immunogenicity. We show that by modifying the GV surface we can alter these interactions and thereby modify GVs' in vivo performance. These results provide critical insights for the development of GVs as agents for nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill Ling
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Benjamin Stordy
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence
Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S
3E1, Canada
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence
Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S
3E1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tighe F. Didden
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Margaret B. Swift
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Warren C. W. Chan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence
Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S
3E1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schrunk E, Dutka P, Hurt RC, Wu D, Shapiro MG. Bioorthogonal labeling enables in situ fluorescence imaging of expressed gas vesicle nanostructures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569486. [PMID: 38077067 PMCID: PMC10705464 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are proteinaceous nanostructures that, along with virus-like particles, encapsulins, nano-cages, and other macromolecular assemblies are being developed for potential biomedical applications. To facilitate such development, it would be valuable to characterize these nanostructures' sub-cellular assembly and localization. However, traditional fluorescent protein fusions are not tolerated by GVs' primary constituent protein, making optical microscopy a challenge. Here, we introduce a method for fluorescently visualizing intracellular GVs using the bioorthogonal label FlAsH, which becomes fluorescent upon binding the six-amino acid tetracysteine (TC) tag. We engineered the GV subunit protein, GvpA, to display the TC tag, and showed that GVs bearing TC-tagged GvpA can be successfully assembled and fluorescently visualized in HEK 293T cells. We used fluorescence images of the tagged GVs to study GV size and distance distributions within these cells. This bioorthogonal labeling approach will enable research to provide a greater understanding of GVs and could be adapted to similar proteinaceous nanostructures.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin Z, Lakshmanan A, Zhang R, Tran TA, Rabut C, Dutka P, Duan M, Hurt RC, Malounda D, Yao Y, Shapiro MG. Ultrasonic reporters of calcium for deep tissue imaging of cellular signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566364. [PMID: 37986929 PMCID: PMC10659314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging has enabled major biological discoveries. However, the scattering of light by tissue limits the use of standard fluorescent calcium indicators in living animals. To address this limitation, we introduce the first genetically encoded ultrasonic reporter of calcium (URoC). Based on a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, we engineered URoC to produce elevated nonlinear ultrasound signal upon binding to calcium ions. With URoC expressed in mammalian cells, we demonstrate noninvasive ultrasound imaging of calcium signaling in vivo during drug-induced receptor activation. URoC brings the depth and resolution advantages of ultrasound to the in vivo imaging of dynamic cellular function and paves the way for acoustic biosensing of a broader variety of biological signals.
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang Y, Hou X, Zhao X, Jing J, Sun L. Tracking adoptive natural killer cells via ultrasound imaging assisted with nanobubbles. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:542-555. [PMID: 37536495 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent years has witnessed an exponential growth in the field of natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy for cancer treatment. As a prerequisite to precise evaluations and on-demand interventions, the noninvasive tracking of adoptive NK cells plays a crucial role not only in post-treatment monitoring, but also in offering opportunities for preclinical studies on therapy optimizations. Here, we describe an NK cell tracking strategy for cancer immunotherapy based on ultrasound imaging modality. Nanosized ultrasound contrast agents, gas vesicles (GVs), were surface-functionalized to label NK cells. Unlike traditional microbubble contrast agents, nanosized GVs with their unique thermodynamical stability enable the detection of labeled NK cells under nonlinear contrast-enhanced ultrasound (nCEUS), without a noticeable impact on cellular viability or migration. By such labeling, we were able to monitor the trafficking of systematically infused NK cells to a subcutaneous tumor model. Upon co-treatment with interleukin (IL)-2, we observed a rapid enhancement in NK cell trafficking at the tumor site as early as 3 h post-infusion. Altogether, we show that the proposed ultrasound-based tracking strategy is able to capture the dynamical changes of cell trafficking in NK cell-based immunotherapy, providing referencing information for early-phase monotherapy evaluation, as well as understanding the effects of modulatory co-treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In cellular immunotherapies, the post-infusion monitoring of the living therapeutics has been challenging. Several popular imaging modalities have been explored the monitoring of the adoptive immune cells, evaluating their trafficking and accumulation in the tumor. Here we demonstrated, for the first time, the ultrasound imaging-based immune cell tracking strategy. We showed that the acoustic labeling of adoptive immune cells was feasible with nanosized ultrasound contrast agents, overcoming the size and stability limitations of traditional microbubbles, enabling dynamical tracking of adoptive natural killer cells in both monotherapy and synergic treatment with cytokines. This article introduced the cost-effective and ubiquitous ultrasound imaging modality into the field of cellular immunotherapies, with broad prospectives in early assessment and on-demand image-guided interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Room ST409 Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Xuandi Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Room ST409 Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Room ST409 Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Jianing Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Room ST409 Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Room ST409 Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao Y, McFadden ME, Luo SM, Barber RW, Kang E, Bar-Zion A, Smith CAB, Jin Z, Legendre M, Ling B, Malounda D, Torres A, Hamza T, Edwards CER, Shapiro MG, Robb MJ. Remote control of mechanochemical reactions under physiological conditions using biocompatible focused ultrasound. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309822120. [PMID: 37725651 PMCID: PMC10523651 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309822120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
External control of chemical reactions in biological settings with spatial and temporal precision is a grand challenge for noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While light is a conventional stimulus for remote chemical activation, its penetration is severely attenuated in tissues, which limits biological applicability. On the other hand, ultrasound is a biocompatible remote energy source that is highly penetrant and offers a wide range of functional tunability. Coupling ultrasound to the activation of specific chemical reactions under physiological conditions, however, remains a challenge. Here, we describe a synergistic platform that couples the selective mechanochemical activation of mechanophore-functionalized polymers with biocompatible focused ultrasound (FUS) by leveraging pressure-sensitive gas vesicles (GVs) as acousto-mechanical transducers. The power of this approach is illustrated through the mechanically triggered release of covalently bound fluorogenic and therapeutic cargo molecules from polymers containing a masked 2-furylcarbinol mechanophore. Molecular release occurs selectively in the presence of GVs upon exposure to FUS under physiological conditions. These results showcase the viability of this system for enabling remote control of specific mechanochemical reactions with spatiotemporal precision in biologically relevant settings and demonstrate the translational potential of polymer mechanochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Molly E. McFadden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Stella M. Luo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Ross W. Barber
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Elin Kang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Avinoam Bar-Zion
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Cameron A. B. Smith
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Mark Legendre
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Andrea Torres
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Tiba Hamza
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Chelsea E. R. Edwards
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- HHMI, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dan Q, Jiang X, Wang R, Dai Z, Sun D. Biogenic Imaging Contrast Agents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207090. [PMID: 37401173 PMCID: PMC10477908 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging contrast agents are widely investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, among which biogenic imaging contrast agents (BICAs) are developing rapidly and playing an increasingly important role in biomedical research ranging from subcellular level to individual level. The unique properties of BICAs, including expression by cells as reporters and specific genetic modification, facilitate various in vitro and in vivo studies, such as quantification of gene expression, observation of protein interactions, visualization of cellular proliferation, monitoring of metabolism, and detection of dysfunctions. Furthermore, in human body, BICAs are remarkably helpful for disease diagnosis when the dysregulation of these agents occurs and can be detected through imaging techniques. There are various BICAs matched with a set of imaging techniques, including fluorescent proteins for fluorescence imaging, gas vesicles for ultrasound imaging, and ferritin for magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, bimodal and multimodal imaging can be realized through combining the functions of different BICAs, which helps overcome the limitations of monomodal imaging. In this review, the focus is on the properties, mechanisms, applications, and future directions of BICAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication SafetyDepartment of UltrasoundInstitute of Ultrasonic MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Run Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication SafetyDepartment of UltrasoundInstitute of Ultrasonic MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Desheng Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication SafetyDepartment of UltrasoundInstitute of Ultrasonic MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui Y, Han J, Li H, Ma X, Tang Y, Deng Y, Wang D, Huang D, Li J, Liu Z. Ultrasound mediated gold nanoclusters-capped gas vesicles for enhanced fluorescence imaging. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103737. [PMID: 37549816 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The intercellular tight junction inhibits tumor imaging efficiency of nanomaterials, and enhanced cellular drug delivery with efficient detection is an important tool for tumor diagnosis. Herein, we fabricate fluorescence gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) decorated gas vesicles (GV-Au) for ultrasound (US)-mediated enhanced cellular delivery and imaging, in which GVs are living cell derived protein bubbles. GV-Au is rod-shaped sack-like structure around 230 nm, and displays improved stability and fluorescence ability compared with free Au NCs. Flow cytometry assay confirms the intracellular localization of Au NCs and GV-Au with a respective 2.20-fold enhanced cellular uptake post US treatment. Confocal images reveal the efficient cellular uptake of GV-Au under US impact, indicating that GV-Au is suitable for cellular and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Our strategy provides a new idea for efficient fluorescence imaging by penetrating cell membranes at the presence of US treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiani Han
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanqiong Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Zhu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ling B, Ko JH, Stordy B, Zhang Y, Didden TF, Malounda D, Swift MB, Chan WC, Shapiro MG. Gas vesicle-blood interactions enhance ultrasound imaging contrast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550434. [PMID: 37546852 PMCID: PMC10402017 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are genetically encoded, air-filled protein nanostructures of broad interest for biomedical research and clinical applications, acting as imaging and therapeutic agents for ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and optical techniques. However, the biomedical applications of GVs as a systemically injectable nanomaterial have been hindered by a lack of understanding of GVs' interactions with blood components, which can significantly impact in vivo performance. Here, we investigate the dynamics of GVs in the bloodstream using a combination of ultrasound and optical imaging, surface functionalization, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry. We find that erythrocytes and serum proteins bind to GVs and shape their acoustic response, circulation time, and immunogenicity. We show that by modifying the GV surface, we can alter these interactions and thereby modify GVs' in vivo performance. These results provide critical insights for the development of GVs as agents for nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Benjamin Stordy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tighe F. Didden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Margaret B. Swift
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Warren C.W. Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hutt A, Rich S, Valiante TA, Lefebvre J. Intrinsic neural diversity quenches the dynamic volatility of neural networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218841120. [PMID: 37399421 PMCID: PMC10334753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218841120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is the norm in biology. The brain is no different: Neuronal cell types are myriad, reflected through their cellular morphology, type, excitability, connectivity motifs, and ion channel distributions. While this biophysical diversity enriches neural systems' dynamical repertoire, it remains challenging to reconcile with the robustness and persistence of brain function over time (resilience). To better understand the relationship between excitability heterogeneity (variability in excitability within a population of neurons) and resilience, we analyzed both analytically and numerically a nonlinear sparse neural network with balanced excitatory and inhibitory connections evolving over long time scales. Homogeneous networks demonstrated increases in excitability, and strong firing rate correlations-signs of instability-in response to a slowly varying modulatory fluctuation. Excitability heterogeneity tuned network stability in a context-dependent way by restraining responses to modulatory challenges and limiting firing rate correlations, while enriching dynamics during states of low modulatory drive. Excitability heterogeneity was found to implement a homeostatic control mechanism enhancing network resilience to changes in population size, connection probability, strength and variability of synaptic weights, by quenching the volatility (i.e., its susceptibility to critical transitions) of its dynamics. Together, these results highlight the fundamental role played by cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the robustness of brain function in the face of change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hutt
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inria, ICube, MLMS, MIMESIS, StrasbourgF-67000, France
| | - Scott Rich
- Krembil Brain Institute, Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Taufik A. Valiante
- Krembil Brain Institute, Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2A2, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Center for Neural Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jérémie Lefebvre
- Krembil Brain Institute, Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ling B, Gungoren B, Yao Y, Dutka P, Smith CAB, Lee J, Swift MB, Shapiro MG. Truly tiny acoustic biomolecules for ultrasound imaging and therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546773. [PMID: 37425749 PMCID: PMC10327013 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers significant advantages for medical imaging and therapy, including enhanced contrast and precision targeting. However, integrating these benefits into ultrasonography has been challenging due to the size and stability constraints of conventional bubble-based agents. Here we describe bicones, truly tiny acoustic contrast agents based on gas vesicles, a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures naturally produced in buoyant microbes. We show that these sub-80 nm particles can be effectively detected both in vitro and in vivo, infiltrate tumors via leaky vasculature, deliver potent mechanical effects through ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation, and are easily engineered for molecular targeting, prolonged circulation time, and payload conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Bilge Gungoren
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Przemysław Dutka
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Cameron A. B. Smith
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Margaret B. Swift
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dutka P, Metskas LA, Hurt RC, Salahshoor H, Wang TY, Malounda D, Lu GJ, Chou TF, Shapiro MG, Jensen GJ. Structure of Anabaena flos-aquae gas vesicles revealed by cryo-ET. Structure 2023; 31:518-528.e6. [PMID: 37040766 PMCID: PMC10185304 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are gas-filled protein nanostructures employed by several species of bacteria and archaea as flotation devices to enable access to optimal light and nutrients. The unique physical properties of GVs have led to their use as genetically encodable contrast agents for ultrasound and MRI. Currently, however, the structure and assembly mechanism of GVs remain unknown. Here we employ cryoelectron tomography to reveal how the GV shell is formed by a helical filament of highly conserved GvpA subunits. This filament changes polarity at the center of the GV cylinder, a site that may act as an elongation center. Subtomogram averaging reveals a corrugated pattern of the shell arising from polymerization of GvpA into a β sheet. The accessory protein GvpC forms a helical cage around the GvpA shell, providing structural reinforcement. Together, our results help explain the remarkable mechanical properties of GVs and their ability to adopt different diameters and shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Dutka
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lauren Ann Metskas
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hossein Salahshoor
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karan R, Renn D, Nozue S, Zhao L, Habuchi S, Allers T, Rueping M. Bioengineering of air-filled protein nanoparticles by genetic and chemical functionalization. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:108. [PMID: 36966297 PMCID: PMC10039352 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various bacteria and archaea, including halophilic archaeon Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 produce gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPs), a unique class of stable, air-filled intracellular proteinaceous nanostructures. GVNPs are an attractive tool for biotechnological applications due to their readily production, purification, and unique physical properties. GVNPs are spindle- or cylinder-shaped, typically with a length of 100 nm to 1.5 μm and a width of 30-250 nm. Multiple monomeric subunits of GvpA and GvpC proteins form the GVNP shell, and several additional proteins are required as minor structural or assembly proteins. The haloarchaeal genetic system has been successfully used to produce and bioengineer GVNPs by fusing several foreign proteins with GvpC and has shown various applications, such as biocatalysis, diagnostics, bioimaging, drug delivery, and vaccine development. RESULTS We demonstrated that native GvpC can be removed in a low salt buffer during the GVNP purification, leaving the GvpA-based GVNP's shell intact and stable under physiological conditions. Here, we report a genetic engineering and chemical modification approach for functionalizing the major GVNP protein, GvpA. This novel approach is based on combinatorial cysteine mutagenesis within GvpA and genetic expansion of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Consequently, we generated GvpA single, double, and triple cysteine variant libraries and investigated the impact of mutations on the structure and physical shape of the GVNPs formed. We used a thiol-maleimide chemistry strategy to introduce the biotechnological relevant activity by maleimide-activated streptavidin-biotin and maleimide-activated SpyTag003-SpyCatcher003 mediated functionalization of GVNPs. CONCLUSION The merger of these genetic and chemical functionalization approaches significantly extends these novel protein nanomaterials' bioengineering and functionalization potential to assemble catalytically active proteins, biomaterials, and vaccines onto one nanoparticle in a modular fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Karan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dominik Renn
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuho Nozue
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thorsten Allers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Magnus Rueping
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huber ST, Terwiel D, Evers WH, Maresca D, Jakobi AJ. Cryo-EM structure of gas vesicles for buoyancy-controlled motility. Cell 2023; 186:975-986.e13. [PMID: 36868215 PMCID: PMC9994262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas vesicles are gas-filled nanocompartments that allow a diverse group of bacteria and archaea to control their buoyancy. The molecular basis of their properties and assembly remains unclear. Here, we report the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of the gas vesicle shell made from the structural protein GvpA that self-assembles into hollow helical cylinders closed off by cone-shaped tips. Two helical half shells connect through a characteristic arrangement of GvpA monomers, suggesting a mechanism of gas vesicle biogenesis. The fold of GvpA features a corrugated wall structure typical for force-bearing thin-walled cylinders. Small pores enable gas molecules to diffuse across the shell, while the exceptionally hydrophobic interior surface effectively repels water. Comparative structural analysis confirms the evolutionary conservation of gas vesicle assemblies and demonstrates molecular features of shell reinforcement by GvpC. Our findings will further research into gas vesicle biology and facilitate molecular engineering of gas vesicles for ultrasound imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan T Huber
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Dion Terwiel
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Wiel H Evers
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - David Maresca
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands.
| | - Arjen J Jakobi
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu D, Baresch D, Cook C, Ma Z, Duan M, Malounda D, Maresca D, Abundo MP, Lee J, Shivaei S, Mittelstein DR, Qiu T, Fischer P, Shapiro MG. Biomolecular actuators for genetically selective acoustic manipulation of cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9186. [PMID: 36812320 PMCID: PMC9946353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to physically manipulate specific cells is critical for the fields of biomedicine, synthetic biology, and living materials. Ultrasound has the ability to manipulate cells with high spatiotemporal precision via acoustic radiation force (ARF). However, because most cells have similar acoustic properties, this capability is disconnected from cellular genetic programs. Here, we show that gas vesicles (GVs)-a unique class of gas-filled protein nanostructures-can serve as genetically encodable actuators for selective acoustic manipulation. Because of their lower density and higher compressibility relative to water, GVs experience strong ARF with opposite polarity to most other materials. When expressed inside cells, GVs invert the cells' acoustic contrast and amplify the magnitude of their ARF, allowing the cells to be selectively manipulated with sound waves based on their genotype. GVs provide a direct link between gene expression and acoustomechanical actuation, opening a paradigm for selective cellular control in a broad range of contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Diego Baresch
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Colin Cook
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mengtong Duan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Maresca
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maria P. Abundo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Shivaei
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R. Mittelstein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao TY, Dunbar M, Keten S, Patankar NA. The buckling-condensation mechanism driving gas vesicle collapse. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1174-1185. [PMID: 36651808 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gas vesicles (GVs) are proteinaceous cylindrical shells found within bacteria or archea growing in aqueous environments and are composed primarily of two proteins, gas vesicle protein A and C (GvpA and GvpC). GVs exhibit strong performance as next-generation ultrasound contrast agents due to their gas-filled interior, tunable collapse pressure, stability in vivo and functionalizable exterior. However, the exact mechanism leading to GV collapse remains inconclusive, which leads to difficulty in predicting collapse pressures for different species of GVs and in extending favorable nonlinear response regimes. Here, we propose a two stage mechanism leading to GV loss of echogenicity and rupture under hydrostatic pressure: elastic buckling of the cylindrical shell coupled with condensation driven weakening of the GV membrane. Our goal is to therefore test whether the final fracture of the GV membrane occurs by the interplay of both mechanisms or purely through buckling failure as previously believed. To do so, we (1) compare the theoretical condensation and buckling pressures with that for experimental GV collapse and (2) describe how condensation can lead to plastic buckling failure. GV shell properties that are necessary input to this theoretical description, such as the elastic moduli and wettability of GvpA, are determined using molecular dynamics simulations of a novel structural model of GvpA that better represents the hydrophobic core. For GVs that are not reinforced by GvpC, this analytical framework shows that the experimentally observed pressures resulting in loss of echogenicity coincide with both the elastic buckling and condensation pressure regimes. We also found that the stress strain curve for GvpA wetted on both the interior and exterior exhibits a loss of mechanical stability compared to GvpA only wetted on the exterior by the bulk solution. We identify a pressure vs. vesicle size regime where condensation can occur prior to buckling, which may preclude nonlinear shell buckling responses in contrast imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Y Zhao
- Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Martha Dunbar
- Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Sinan Keten
- Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Neelesh A Patankar
- Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeng W, Yue X, Dai Z. Ultrasound contrast agents from microbubbles to biogenic gas vesicles. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:31-48. [PMID: 37724107 PMCID: PMC10471104 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles have been the earliest and most widely used ultrasound contrast agents by virtue of their unique features: such as non-toxicity, intravenous injectability, ability to cross the pulmonary capillary bed, and significant enhancement of echo signals for the duration of the examination, resulting in essential preclinical and clinical applications. The use of microbubbles functionalized with targeting ligands to bind to specific targets in the bloodstream has further enabled ultrasound molecular imaging. Nevertheless, it is very challenging to utilize targeted microbubbles for molecular imaging of extravascular targets due to their size. A series of acoustic nanomaterials have been developed for breaking free from this constraint. Especially, biogenic gas vesicles, gas-filled protein nanostructures from microorganisms, were engineered as the first biomolecular ultrasound contrast agents, opening the door for more direct visualization of cellular and molecular function by ultrasound imaging. The ordered protein shell structure and unique gas filling mechanism of biogenic gas vesicles endow them with excellent stability and attractive acoustic responses. What's more, their genetic encodability enables them to act as acoustic reporter genes. This article reviews the upgrading progresses of ultrasound contrast agents from microbubbles to biogenic gas vesicles, and the opportunities and challenges for the commercial and clinical translation of the nascent field of biomolecular ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Genomically mined acoustic reporter genes for real-time in vivo monitoring of tumors and tumor-homing bacteria. Nat Biotechnol 2023:10.1038/s41587-022-01581-y. [PMID: 36593411 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound allows imaging at a much greater depth than optical methods, but existing genetically encoded acoustic reporters for in vivo cellular imaging have been limited by poor sensitivity, specificity and in vivo expression. Here we describe two acoustic reporter genes (ARGs)-one for use in bacteria and one for use in mammalian cells-identified through a phylogenetic screen of candidate gas vesicle gene clusters from diverse bacteria and archaea that provide stronger ultrasound contrast, produce non-linear signals distinguishable from background tissue and have stable long-term expression. Compared to their first-generation counterparts, these improved bacterial and mammalian ARGs produce 9-fold and 38-fold stronger non-linear contrast, respectively. Using these new ARGs, we non-invasively imaged in situ tumor colonization and gene expression in tumor-homing therapeutic bacteria, tracked the progression of tumor gene expression and growth in a mouse model of breast cancer, and performed gene-expression-guided needle biopsies of a genetically mosaic tumor, demonstrating non-invasive access to dynamic biological processes at centimeter depth.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Yan F, Zhang W, He L, Li Y, Zheng S, Wang Y, Yu T, Du L, Shen Y, He W. Biosynthetic Gas Vesicles Combined with Focused Ultrasound for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6759-6772. [PMID: 36597431 PMCID: PMC9805716 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s374039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles (MBs) has emerged as a potential approach for opening the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for delivering drugs into the brain. However, MBs range in size of microns and thus can hardly extravasate into the brain parenchyma. Recently, growing attention has been paid to gas vesicles (GVs), which are genetically encoded gas-filled nanostructures with protein shells, due to their potential for extravascular targeting in ultrasound imaging and therapy. However, the use of GVs as agents for BBB opening has not yet been investigated. Methods In this study, GVs were extracted and purified from Halobacterium NRC-1. Ultrasound imaging performance of GVs was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Then, FUS/GVs-mediated BBB opening for small molecular Evans blue or large molecular liposome delivery across the BBB was examined. Results The results showed a good contrast performance of GVs for brain perfusion ultrasound imaging in vivo. At the acoustic negative pressure of 1.5 MPa, FUS/GVs opened the BBB safely, and effectively enhanced Evans blue and 200-nm liposome delivery into the brain parenchyma. Conclusion Our study suggests that biosynthetic GVs hold great potential to serve as local BBB-opening agents in the development of new targeted drug delivery strategies for central nervous system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Bio Medical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yuanyuan Shen; Wen He, Email ;
| | - Wen He
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salahshoor H, Yao Y, Dutka P, Nyström NN, Jin Z, Min E, Malounda D, Jensen GJ, Ortiz M, Shapiro MG. Geometric effects in gas vesicle buckling under ultrasound. Biophys J 2022; 121:4221-4228. [PMID: 36081347 PMCID: PMC9674984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic reporter genes based on gas vesicles (GVs) have enabled the use of ultrasound to noninvasively visualize cellular function in vivo. The specific detection of GV signals relative to background acoustic scattering in tissues is facilitated by nonlinear ultrasound imaging techniques taking advantage of the sonomechanical buckling of GVs. However, the effect of geometry on the buckling behavior of GVs under exposure to ultrasound has not been studied. To understand such geometric effects, we developed computational models of GVs of various lengths and diameters and used finite element simulations to predict their threshold buckling pressures and postbuckling deformations. We demonstrated that the GV diameter has an inverse cubic relation to the threshold buckling pressure, whereas length has no substantial effect. To complement these simulations, we experimentally probed the effect of geometry on the mechanical properties of GVs and the corresponding nonlinear ultrasound signals. The results of these experiments corroborate our computational predictions. This study provides fundamental insights into how geometry affects the sonomechanical properties of GVs, which, in turn, can inform further engineering of these nanostructures for high-contrast, nonlinear ultrasound imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salahshoor
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Przemysław Dutka
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Nivin N Nyström
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Ellen Min
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, California.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Recent Advances in the Study of Gas Vesicle Proteins and Application of Gas Vesicles in Biomedical Research. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091455. [PMID: 36143491 PMCID: PMC9501494 DOI: 10.3390/life12091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of gas vesicles has been investigated in bacteria and haloarchaea for more than 50 years. These air-filled nanostructures allow cells to stay at a certain height optimal for growth in their watery environment. Several gvp genes are involved and have been studied in Halobacterium salinarum, cyanobacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Serratia sp. ATCC39006 in more detail. GvpA and GvpC form the gas vesicle shell, and additional Gvp are required as minor structural proteins, chaperones, an ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme, or as gene regulators. We analyzed the Gvp proteins of Hbt. salinarum with respect to their protein–protein interactions, and developed a model for the formation of these nanostructures. Gas vesicles are also used in biomedical research. Since they scatter waves and produce ultrasound contrast, they could serve as novel contrast agent for ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, gas vesicles were engineered as acoustic biosensors to determine enzyme activities in cells. These applications are based on modifications of the surface protein GvpC that alter the mechanical properties of the gas vesicles. In addition, gas vesicles have been decorated with GvpC proteins fused to peptides of bacterial or viral pathogens and are used as tools for vaccine development.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim S, Yoon S, Zhang S. Multiplexed Ultrasound Imaging Using Spectral Analysis on Gas Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200568. [PMID: 35765741 PMCID: PMC9463101 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Current advances in ultrasound imaging techniques combined with the next generation contrast agents such as gas vesicles (GV) revolutionize the visualization of biological tissues with spatiotemporal precision. In optics, fluorescent proteins enable understanding of molecular and cellular functions in biological systems due to their multiplexed imaging capability. Here, a panel of GVs is investigated using mid-band fit (MBF) spectral imaging to realize multiplexed ultrasound imaging to uniquely visualize locations of different types of stationary GVs. The MBF spectral imaging technique demonstrates that stationary clustered GVs are efficiently localized and distinguished from unclustered GVs in agarose gel phantom and 3D vessel structures are visualized in ex vivo mouse liver specimens. Mouse macrophages serve as carriers of clustered and unclustered GVs and multiplexing beacons to report cells' spatial locations by emitting distinct spectral signals. 2D MBF spectral images are reconstructed, and pixels in these images are classified depending on MBF values by comparing predetermined filters that predict the existence of cells with clustered and unclustered GVs. This pseudo-coloring scheme clearly distinguishes the locations of two classes of cells like pseudo-color images in fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangnam Kim
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Sangpil Yoon
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jost A, Pfeifer F. Interaction of the gas vesicle proteins GvpA, GvpC, GvpN, and GvpO of Halobacterium salinarum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971917. [PMID: 35966690 PMCID: PMC9372576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
35
|
Wei M, Lai M, Zhang J, Pei X, Yan F. Biosynthetic Gas Vesicles from Halobacteria NRC-1: A Potential Ultrasound Contrast Agent for Tumor Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061198. [PMID: 35745771 PMCID: PMC9229964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents are valuable for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery. Generally, chemically synthesized microbubbles (MBs) are micro-sized particles. Particle size is a limiting factor for the diagnosis and treatment of many extravascular diseases. Recently, gas vesicles (GVs) from some marine bacteria and archaea have been reported as novel nanoscale contrast agents, showing great potential for biomedical applications. However, most of the GVs reported in the literature show poor contrast imaging capabilities due to their small size, especially for the in vivo condition. In this study, we isolated the rugby-ball-shaped GVs from Halobacteria NRC-1 and characterized their contrast imaging properties in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that GVs could produce stable and strong ultrasound contrast signals in murine liver tumors using clinical diagnostic ultrasound equipment at the optimized parameters. Interestingly, we found these GVs, after systemic administration, were able to perfuse the ischemic region of a tumor where conventional lipid MBs failed, producing a 6.84-fold stronger contrast signal intensity than MBs. Immunohistochemistry staining assays revealed that the nanoscale GVs, in contrast to the microscale MBs, could penetrate through blood vessels. Thus, our study proved these biosynthesized GVs from Halobacterium NRC-1 are useful for future molecular imaging and image-guided drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Manlin Lai
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China;
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China;
| | - Xiaoqing Pei
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China;
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +86-755-8639-2284 (F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +86-755-8639-2284 (F.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Z, Lai M, Zhao S, Zhou Y, Luo J, Hao Y, Xie L, Wang Y, Yan F. Ultrasound Molecular Imaging for Multiple Biomarkers by Serial Collapse of Targeting Microbubbles with Distinct Acoustic Pressures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2108040. [PMID: 35499188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) has shown promise for assessing the expression levels of biomarkers for the early detection of various diseases. However, it remains difficult to simultaneously image multiple biomarkers in a single systemic administration, which is important for the accurate diagnosis of diseases and for understanding the dynamic intermolecular mechanisms that drive their malignant progression. The authors develop an ultrasound molecular imaging method by serial collapse of targeting microbubbles with distinct acoustic pressures for the simultaneous detection of two biomarkers. To test this, αv β3 -targeting lipid microbubbles (L-MBα ) and VEGFR2-targeting lipid-PLGA microbubbles (LP-MBv ) are fabricated and simultaneously injected into tumor-bearing mice at 7 and 14 days, followed by the low-intensity acoustic collapse of L-MBα and high-intensity acoustic collapse of LP-MBv . The UMI signals of L-MBα and LP-MBv are obtained by subtracting the first post-burst signals from the first pre-burst signals, and subtracting the second post-burst signals from the first post-burst signals, respectively. Interestingly, the signal intensities from UMI agree with the immunohistochemical staining results for αv β3 and VEGFR2. Importantly, they find a better fit for the invasive behavior of MDA-MB-231 breast tumors by analyzing the ratio of αv β3 integrin to VEGFR2, but not the single αv β3 or VEGFR2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, P. R. China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lai
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, P. R. China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province), Suzhou, 234000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, P. R. China
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Jingna Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, P. R. China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province), Suzhou, 234000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alphandéry E. Ultrasound and nanomaterial: an efficient pair to fight cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:139. [PMID: 35300712 PMCID: PMC8930287 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasounds are often used in cancer treatment protocols, e.g. to collect tumor tissues in the right location using ultrasound-guided biopsy, to image the region of the tumor using more affordable and easier to use apparatus than MRI and CT, or to ablate tumor tissues using HIFU. The efficacy of these methods can be further improved by combining them with various nano-systems, thus enabling: (i) a better resolution of ultrasound imaging, allowing for example the visualization of angiogenic blood vessels, (ii) the specific tumor targeting of anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drugs or gases attached to or encapsulated in nano-systems and released in a controlled manner in the tumor under ultrasound application, (iii) tumor treatment at tumor site using more moderate heating temperatures than with HIFU. Furthermore, some nano-systems display adjustable sizes, i.e. nanobubbles can grow into micro-bubbles. Such dual size is advantageous since it enables gathering within the same unit the targeting properties of nano bubbles via EPR effect and the enhanced ultrasound contrasting properties of micro bubbles. Interestingly, the way in which nano-systems act against a tumor could in principle also be adjusted by accurately selecting the nano-system among a large choice and by tuning the values of the ultrasound parameters, which can lead, due to their mechanical nature, to specific effects such as cavitation that are usually not observed with purely electromagnetic waves and can potentially help destroying the tumor. This review highlights the clinical potential of these combined treatments that can improve the benefit/risk ratio of current cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS, 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de. Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France. .,Nanobacterie SARL, 36 boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France. .,Institute of Anatomy, UZH University of Zurich, Instiute of Anatomy, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Athanassiadis AG, Ma Z, Moreno-Gomez N, Melde K, Choi E, Goyal R, Fischer P. Ultrasound-Responsive Systems as Components for Smart Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5165-5208. [PMID: 34767350 PMCID: PMC8915171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials can respond to stimuli and adapt their responses based on external cues from their environments. Such behavior requires a way to transport energy efficiently and then convert it for use in applications such as actuation, sensing, or signaling. Ultrasound can carry energy safely and with low losses through complex and opaque media. It can be localized to small regions of space and couple to systems over a wide range of time scales. However, the same characteristics that allow ultrasound to propagate efficiently through materials make it difficult to convert acoustic energy into other useful forms. Recent work across diverse fields has begun to address this challenge, demonstrating ultrasonic effects that provide control over physical and chemical systems with surprisingly high specificity. Here, we review recent progress in ultrasound-matter interactions, focusing on effects that can be incorporated as components in smart materials. These techniques build on fundamental phenomena such as cavitation, microstreaming, scattering, and acoustic radiation forces to enable capabilities such as actuation, sensing, payload delivery, and the initiation of chemical or biological processes. The diversity of emerging techniques holds great promise for a wide range of smart capabilities supported by ultrasound and poses interesting questions for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G. Athanassiadis
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolas Moreno-Gomez
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kai Melde
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rahul Goyal
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wan Y, Zong C, Li X, Wang A, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Dubow M, Yang M, Rodrigo LA, Mao C. New Insights for Biosensing: Lessons from Microbial Defense Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8126-8180. [PMID: 35234463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have gained defense systems during the lengthy process of evolution over millions of years. Such defense systems can protect them from being attacked by invading species (e.g., CRISPR-Cas for establishing adaptive immune systems and nanopore-forming toxins as virulence factors) or enable them to adapt to different conditions (e.g., gas vesicles for achieving buoyancy control). These microorganism defense systems (MDS) have inspired the development of biosensors that have received much attention in a wide range of fields including life science research, food safety, and medical diagnosis. This Review comprehensively analyzes biosensing platforms originating from MDS for sensing and imaging biological analytes. We first describe a basic overview of MDS and MDS-inspired biosensing platforms (e.g., CRISPR-Cas systems, nanopore-forming proteins, and gas vesicles), followed by a critical discussion of their functions and properties. We then discuss several transduction mechanisms (optical, acoustic, magnetic, and electrical) involved in MDS-inspired biosensing. We further detail the applications of the MDS-inspired biosensors to detect a variety of analytes (nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, pathogens, cells, small molecules, and metal ions). In the end, we propose the key challenges and future perspectives in seeking new and improved MDS tools that can potentially lead to breakthrough discoveries in developing a new generation of biosensors with a combination of low cost; high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision; and fast detection. Overall, this Review gives a historical review of MDS, elucidates the principles of emulating MDS to develop biosensors, and analyzes the recent advancements, current challenges, and future trends in this field. It provides a unique critical analysis of emulating MDS to develop robust biosensors and discusses the design of such biosensors using elements found in MDS, showing that emulating MDS is a promising approach to conceptually advancing the design of biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chengli Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Dubow
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198 CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Campus C.N.R.S, Bâtiment 12, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mingying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang J, Childers WS. The Future Potential of Biosensors to Investigate the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:826479. [PMID: 35096802 PMCID: PMC8795891 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.826479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted and heterogeneous nature of depression presents challenges in pinpointing treatments. Among these contributions are the interconnections between the gut microbiome and neurological function termed the gut-brain axis. A diverse range of microbiome-produced metabolites interact with host signaling and metabolic pathways through this gut-brain axis relationship. Therefore, biosensor detection of gut metabolites offers the potential to quantify the microbiome's contributions to depression. Herein we review synthetic biology strategies to detect signals that indicate gut-brain axis dysregulation that may contribute to depression. We also highlight future challenges in developing living diagnostics of microbiome conditions influencing depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Seth Childers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Long H, Qin X, Xu R, Mei C, Xiong Z, Deng X, Huang K, Liang H. Non-Modified Ultrasound-Responsive Gas Vesicles from Microcystis with Targeted Tumor Accumulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8405-8416. [PMID: 35002235 PMCID: PMC8721019 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s342614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ultrasonic molecular imaging (UMI) technology has attracted increasing interest because of its low cost and capability to evaluate changes rapidly and noninvasively at the cellular and molecular levels. The key material of this technology is ultrasound-responsive gas vesicles (GVs). GVs synthesized by conventional chemical methods have several limitations, such as high costs, low yields, and complex production processes. In comparison, biosynthesized GVs have the advantages of high stability, a low risk of toxicity, genetic engineering characterization, easy post modification and drug loading potential. However, translational studies of their biosynthesis are still in their infancy; in particular, the duration of GVs in the circulatory system is essential for the usage of UMI in biomedicine and the clinic. Results Here, we report novel GVs biosynthesized by the cyanobacterium Microcystis, which have a moderate size, a negative zeta potential, a rod-like morphology, and a protein-shelled gas-contained structure. These GVs without any chemical modifications could be detected in the mice circulatory system for more than 10 hours by clinically used ultrasound scanners. In particular, GVs can accumulate in tumors via the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 11 hours post-injection, and lasting at least 2 hours, which might be a potential aid for tumor diagnosis. Furthermore, pathological and hematological study suggested that GVs are safe for the host. Conclusion We concluded that the GVs synthesized by Microcystis without any modifications have UMI potential for systemic evaluation as well as tumoral diagnosis after intravenous injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Mei
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zeng F, Du M, Chen Z. Nanosized Contrast Agents in Ultrasound Molecular Imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:758084. [PMID: 34912789 PMCID: PMC8666542 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.758084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying nanosized ultrasound contrast agents (nUCAs) in molecular imaging has received considerable attention. nUCAs have been instrumental in ultrasound molecular imaging to enhance sensitivity, identification, and quantification. nUCAs can achieve high performance in molecular imaging, which was influenced by synthetic formulations and size. This review presents an overview of nUCAs from different synthetic formulations with a discussion on imaging and detection technology. Then we also review the progress of nUCAs in preclinical application and highlight the recent challenges of nUCAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Peng C, Chen M, Spicer JB, Jiang X. Acoustics at the nanoscale (nanoacoustics): A comprehensive literature review.: Part II: Nanoacoustics for biomedical imaging and therapy. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2021; 332:112925. [PMID: 34937992 PMCID: PMC8691754 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2021.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, acoustics at the nanoscale (i.e., nanoacoustics) has evolved rapidly with continuous and substantial expansion of capabilities and refinement of techniques. Motivated by research innovations in the last decade, for the first time, recent advancements of acoustics-associated nanomaterials/nanostructures and nanodevices for different applications are outlined in this comprehensive review, which is written in two parts. As part II of this two-part review, this paper concentrates on nanoacoustics in biomedical imaging and therapy applications, including molecular ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, ultrasound-mediated drug delivery and therapy, and photoacoustic drug delivery and therapy. Firstly, the recent developments of nanosized ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast agents as well as their various imaging applications are examined. Secondly, different types of nanomaterials/nanostructures as nanocarriers for ultrasound and photoacoustic therapies are discussed. Finally, a discussion of challenges and future research directions are provided for nanoacoustics in medical imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mengyue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - James B. Spicer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bar-Zion A, Nourmahnad A, Mittelstein DR, Shivaei S, Yoo S, Buss MT, Hurt RC, Malounda D, Abedi MH, Lee-Gosselin A, Swift MB, Maresca D, Shapiro MG. Acoustically triggered mechanotherapy using genetically encoded gas vesicles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1403-1412. [PMID: 34580468 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular engineering and synthetic biology provide biomolecular and cell-based therapies with a high degree of molecular specificity, but limited spatiotemporal control. Here we show that biomolecules and cells can be engineered to deliver potent mechanical effects at specific locations inside the body through ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation. This capability is enabled by gas vesicles, a unique class of genetically encodable air-filled protein nanostructures. We show that low-frequency ultrasound can convert these biomolecules into micrometre-scale cavitating bubbles, unleashing strong local mechanical effects. This enables engineered gas vesicles to serve as remotely actuated cell-killing and tissue-disrupting agents, and allows genetically engineered cells to lyse, release molecular payloads and produce local mechanical damage on command. We demonstrate the capabilities of biomolecular inertial cavitation in vitro, in cellulo and in vivo, including in a mouse model of tumour-homing probiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinoam Bar-Zion
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Atousa Nourmahnad
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R Mittelstein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Shivaei
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie T Buss
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad H Abedi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Lee-Gosselin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Margaret B Swift
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Maresca
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ultrasensitive ultrasound imaging of gene expression with signal unmixing. Nat Methods 2021; 18:945-952. [PMID: 34354290 PMCID: PMC8363212 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) encoding air-filled gas vesicles enable ultrasound-based imaging of gene expression in genetically modified bacteria and mammalian cells, facilitating the study of cellular function in deep tissues. Despite the promise of this technology for biological research and potential clinical applications, the sensitivity with which ARG-expressing cells can be visualized is currently limited. Here we present BURST – an ARG imaging paradigm that improves the cellular detection limit by more than 1000-fold compared to conventional methods. BURST takes advantage of the unique temporal signal pattern produced by gas vesicles as they collapse under acoustic pressure above a threshold defined by the ARG. By extracting the unique pattern of this signal from total scattering, BURST boosts the sensitivity of ultrasound to image ARG-expressing cells, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and liver. Furthermore, in dilute cell suspensions, BURST imaging enables the detection of gene expression in individual bacteria and mammalian cells. The resulting capabilities expand the potential utility of ultrasound for non-invasive imaging of cellular function.
Collapse
|
46
|
Exner AA, Kolios MC. Bursting Microbubbles: How Nanobubble Contrast Agents Can Enable the Future of Medical Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 54:101463. [PMID: 34393610 PMCID: PMC8356903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of medical ultrasound has undergone a significant evolution since the development of microbubbles as contrast agents. However, due to their size, microbubbles remain in the vasculature, and therefore have limited clinical applications. Building a better - and smaller - bubble can expand the applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound by allowing bubbles to extravasate from blood vessels - creating new opportunities. In this review, we summarize recent research on the formulation and use of NBs as imaging agents and as therapeutic vehicles. We discuss the ongoing debates in the field and reluctance to accepting NBs as an acoustically active construct and a potentially impactful clinical tool that can help shape the future of medical ultrasound. We hope that the overview of key experimental and theoretical findings in the NB field presented in this paper provides a fundamental framework that will help clarify NB-ultrasound interactions and inspire engagement in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata A. Exner
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xiong R, Xu RX, Huang C, De Smedt S, Braeckmans K. Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5746-5776. [PMID: 33972972 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles have received increased attention for their application in spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic techniques and therapies, particularly in multiple imaging methods, and they thus have significant potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive nanobubbles and their novel applications. Properties of both internal- and external-stimuli responsive nanobubbles are highlighted and discussed considering the potential features required for biomedical applications. Furthermore, the methods used for synthesis and characterization of nanobubbles are outlined. Finally, novel biomedical applications are proposed alongside the advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive nanobubbles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, P. R. China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang R, Zhang L, Xie M, Wang L, Jin Q, Chen Y, Xie Y, He M, Zhu Y, Xu L, Han Z, Chen D. Biogenic Gas Vesicles for Ultrasound Imaging and Targeted Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1316-1330. [PMID: 34225604 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210705145642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is not only the most widely used medical imaging mode for diagnostics owing to its real-time, non-radiation, portable, and low-cost merits, but also a promising targeted drug/gene delivery technique by exhibiting a series of powerful bioeffects. The development of micron-sized or nanometer-sized ultrasound agents or delivery carriers further makes ultrasound a distinctive modality in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. In this review, we introduce one kind of unique biogenic gas-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, presenting some unique characteristics than the conventional microbubbles. Gas vesicles can not only serve as ultrasound contrast agents with innovative imaging methods such as cross-amplitude modulation harmonic imaging but also can further be adjusted and optimized via genetic engineering techniques. Moreover, they could not only serve as acoustic gene reporters, acoustic biosensors to monitor the cell metabolism, but also serve as cavitation nuclei and drug carriers for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we focus on the latest development and applications in the area of ultrasound imaging and targeted therapeutics, and also provide a brief introduction of the corresponding mechanisms. In summary, these biogenic gas vesicles show some advantages over conventional MBs that deserve more efforts to promote their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuji Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengrong He
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyang Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jiang F, Yang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Tang Y, Wang D, Wang Q, Zou J. [ Escherichia coli expressing gas vesicles is safe for enhancing the ablation effect of highintensity focused ultrasound in tumor-bearing mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:649-656. [PMID: 34134950 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and safety of Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing gas vesicle (GVs) for enhancing the efficacy of tumor ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in tumor-bearing mice. OBJECTIVE Thirty-two female BALB/c mice were used to establish mouse models bearing 4T1 tumor, which were randomized into GVs group [E.coli BL21 (AI)-PET28a-Arg1] and control group (PBS), and the efficacy of HIFU ablation was evaluated by examining coagulative necrotic volume and pathology of the tumors. Another 104 BALB/c mice were also randomly divided into GVs group and control group, and body weight changes of the mice were recorded on days 1, 4 and 15 after intravenous injection of E.coli containing GVs or PBS. White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelet counts and liver and renal function parameters of the mice were detected, and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were examined using ELISA. The pathological changes in the liver and spleen were evaluated using HE staining to assess the safety of the treatments. OBJECTIVE HIFU ablation resulted in a significantly greater volume of coagulative necrosis and severer tissue damage in GVs group than in the control group (P < 0.001). In the 104 BALB/c mice without tumor cell inoculation, intravenous injection of E.coli expressing GVs, as compared with PBS, did not significantly affect body weight or cause changes in white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet counts or hemoglobin level (P1=0.59, P2=0.27, P3=0.76, P4=0.81). The liver and kidney function parameters (P1=0.12, P2=0.46, P3=0.62, P4=0.86) and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (P1=0.48, P2=0.56) were all comparable between GVs group and control group. No obvious pathological changes were detected in the liver and spleen tissues in either GVs group or the control group. OBJECTIVE E.coli expressing GVs is safe for enhancing the ablation effect of HIFU in tumor-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - D Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rabut C, Wu D, Ling B, Jin Z, Malounda D, Shapiro MG. Ultrafast amplitude modulation for molecular and hemodynamic ultrasound imaging. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2021; 118:244102. [PMID: 34176950 PMCID: PMC8205510 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is playing an emerging role in molecular and cellular imaging thanks to new micro- and nanoscale contrast agents and reporter genes. Acoustic methods for the selective in vivo detection of these imaging agents are needed to maximize their impact in biology and medicine. Existing ultrasound pulse sequences use the nonlinearity in contrast agents' response to acoustic pressure to distinguish them from mostly linear tissue scattering. However, such pulse sequences typically scan the sample using focused transmissions, resulting in a limited frame rate and restricted field of view. Meanwhile, existing wide-field scanning techniques based on plane wave transmissions suffer from limited sensitivity or nonlinear artifacts. To overcome these limitations, we introduce an ultrafast nonlinear imaging modality combining amplitude-modulated pulses, multiplane wave transmissions, and selective coherent compounding. This technique achieves contrast imaging sensitivity comparable to much slower gold-standard amplitude modulation sequences and enables the acquisition of larger and deeper fields of view, while providing a much faster imaging framerate of 3.2 kHz. Additionally, it enables simultaneous nonlinear and linear image formation and allows concurrent monitoring of phenomena accessible only at ultrafast framerates, such as blood volume variations. We demonstrate the performance of this ultrafast amplitude modulation technique by imaging gas vesicles, an emerging class of genetically encodable biomolecular contrast agents, in several in vitro and in vivo contexts. These demonstrations include the rapid discrimination of moving contrast agents and the real-time monitoring of phagolysosomal function in the mouse liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rabut
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|