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Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen Z, Barth JV, Li J, Lin T. On-Surface Synthesis of Five-Membered Copper Metallacycles Using Terminal Alkynes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15214-15219. [PMID: 38981093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We present our studies on the adsorption, deprotonation, and reactions of 4,4″-diethynyl-1,1':4',1″-terphenyl on Cu(111) under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions using scanning tunneling microscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. Sequential annealing treatments induce deprotonation of pristine molecules followed by chemical reactions, resulting in branched nanostructures. Within the nanostructures, a previously unreported, double-spot linkage is observed. Our density functional theory calculations unravel that this linkage corresponds to a five-membered copper metallacycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yule Wang
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Zhuhai), Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519088, China
| | - Liding Zhang
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juan Li
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Zhuhai), Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519088, China
- Department of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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2
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Li X, Ge H, Gao Y, Yang F, Kang F, Xue R, Yan L, Du S, Xu W, Zhang H, Chi L. Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Investigation of Au- bis-acetylide Networks on Au(111): The Influence of Metal-Organic Hybridization. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4593-4601. [PMID: 38639727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is an appealing two-dimensional carbon material, but the on-surface synthesis of a single layer remains challenging. Demetalation of well-crystalline metal acetylide networks, though in its infancy, provides a new avenue to on-surface synthesized GDY substructures. In spite of the synthetic efforts and theoretical concerns, there are few reports steeped in elaborate characterization of the electronic influence of metalation. In this context, we focused on the surface supported Au-bis-acetylide network, which underwent demetalation after further annealing to form hydrogen-substituted GDY. We made a comprehensive study on the geometric structure and electronic structure and the corresponding demetalized structure on Au(111) through STM, noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The bandgap of the Au-bis-acetylide network on Au(111) is measured to be 2.7 eV, while the bandgap of a fully demetalized Au-bis-acetylide network is estimated to be about 4.1 eV. Our findings reveal that the intercalated Au adatoms are positioned closer to the metal surface compared with the organic skeletons, facilitating electronic hybridization between the surface state and unoccupied frontier molecular orbitals of organic components. This leads to an extended conjugation through Au-bis-acetylene bonds, resulting in a reduced bandgap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fangyu Yang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Renjie Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linghao Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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3
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Chen C, Zhou H, Ma Y, Dai Q, Tang Z. Celebrating 20 Years of NCNST: Innovation in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20715-20722. [PMID: 37610121 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanoscience and technology, it has become an essential part of various research directions, changing our way of life, such as advanced accurate manufacturing in nanotechnology that facilitates reducing chip sizes, progress made in health care via nanoscience that provides hope to patients, and so on. As the nation's flagship institution of nanoscience and technology in China, the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China (NCNST), established in December 2003, has played a crucial role in promoting cutting-edge technologies in the field of nanoscience and expediting interdisciplinary fusion. With a strong research team and state-of-the-art research equipment, NCNST currently carries out frontier research and world-class technology innovation, including nanosystems and hierarchical fabrication, biological effects of nanomaterials and nanosafety, standardization and measurements for nanotechnology, as well as theoretical simulations. Serving as one of the most prestigious institutions in nanoscience and nanotechnology in China, NCNST will continue to foster impactful international cooperation, cultivate young talents, and boost inspiring innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huige Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Hayat A, Sohail M, Moussa SB, Al-Muhanna MK, Iqbal W, Ajmal Z, Raza S, Al-Hadeethi Y, Orooji Y. State, synthesis, perspective applications, and challenges of Graphdiyne and its analogues: A review of recent research. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 319:102969. [PMID: 37598456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials technology provides the possibility of synthesizing low-cost, outstanding performance replacements to noble-metal catalysts for long-term use. Graphdiyne (GDY) is a carbon allotrope with an extremely thin atomic thickness. It consists of carbon elements, that are hybridized with both sp. and sp2, resulting in a multilayered two-dimensional (2D) configuration. Several functional models suggest, that GDY contains spontaneously existing band structure with Dirac poles. This is due to the non-uniform interaction among carbon atoms, which results from various fusions and overlapping of the 2pz subshell. Unlike other carbon allotropes, GDY has Dirac cone arrangements, that in turn give it inimitable physiochemical characteristics. These properties include an adjustable intrinsic energy gap, high speeds charging transport modulation efficiency, and exceptional conductance. Many scientists are interested in such novel, linear, stacked materials, including GDY. As a result, organized synthesis of GDY has been pursued, making it one of the first synthesized GDY materials. There are several methods to manipulate the band structure of GDY, including applying stresses, introducing boron/nitrogen loading, utilizing nanowires, and hydrogenations. The flexibility of GDY can be effectively demonstrated through the formation of nano walls, nanostructures, nanotube patterns, nanorods, or structured striped clusters. GDY, being a carbon material, has a wide range of applications owing to its remarkable structural and electrical characteristics. According to subsequent research, the GDY can be utilized in numerous energy generation processes, such as electrochemical water splitting (ECWS), photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC WS), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), overall water splitting (OWS), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), energy storage materials, lithium-Ion batteries (LiBs) and solar cell applications. These studies suggested that the use of GDY holds significant potential for the development and implementation of efficient, multimodal, and intelligent catalysts with realistic applications. However, the limitation of GDY and GDY-based composites for forthcoming studies are similarly acknowledged. The objective of these studies is to deliver a comprehensive knowledge of GDY and inspire further advancement and utilization of these unique carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Sana Ben Moussa
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Mohail Asser, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanna K Al-Muhanna
- The Material Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Iqbal
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC), Università della Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saleem Raza
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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5
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Zhang L, Wang N, Li Y. Design, synthesis, and application of some two-dimensional materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5266-5290. [PMID: 37234883 PMCID: PMC10208047 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00487b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely used as key components in the fields of energy conversion and storage, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, etc. To meet the practical needs, molecular structure design and aggregation process optimization have been systematically carried out. The intrinsic correlation between preparation methods and the characteristic properties is investigated. This review summarizes the recent research achievements of 2D materials in the aspect of molecular structure modification, aggregation regulation, characteristic properties, and device applications. The design strategies to fabricate functional 2D materials starting from precursor molecules are introduced in detail referring to organic synthetic chemistry and self-assembly technology. It provides important research ideas for the design and synthesis of related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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6
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Kong H, Viergutz L, Liu L, Sandvoß A, Peng X, Klaasen H, Fuchs H, Studer A. Highly Selective On-Surface Reactions of Aryl Propiolic Acids via Decarboxylative Coupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210997. [PMID: 36740777 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aryl propiolic acids are introduced as a new class of monomers in the field of on-surface chemistry to build up poly(arylenebutadiynylenes) through decarboxylative Glaser coupling. As compared to aryl alkynes that are routinely used in the on-surface Glaser coupling, it is found that the decarboxylative coupling occurs at slightly lower temperature and with excellent selectivity. Activation occurs through decarboxylation for the propiolic acids, whereas the classical Glaser coupling is achieved through alkyne CH activation, and this process shows poor selectivity. The efficiency of the decarboxylative coupling is documented by the successful polymerization of bis(propiolic acids) as monomers. It is also found that the new activation mode is compatible with aryl bromide functionalities, which allows the formation of unsymmetric metal-organic polymers on the surface by chemoselective sequential reactions. All transformations are analyzed by a scanning tunneling microscope and are further studied by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Kong
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lena Viergutz
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lacheng Liu
- Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Sandvoß
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Xinchen Peng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Henning Klaasen
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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7
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Li E, Lyu CK, Chen C, Xie H, Zhang J, Lam JWY, Tang BZ, Lin N. On-surface synthesis and spontaneous segregation of conjugated tetraphenylethylene macrocycles. Commun Chem 2022; 5:174. [PMID: 36697742 PMCID: PMC9814618 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating conjugated macrocycles has attracted extensive research interest because their unique chemical and physical properties, such as conformational flexibility, intrinsic inner cavities and aromaticity/antiaromaticity, make these systems appealing building blocks for functional supramolecular materials. Here, we report the synthesis of four-, six- and eight-membered tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based macrocycles on Ag(111) via on-surface Ullmann coupling reactions. The as-synthesized macrocycles are spontaneously segregated on the surface and self-assemble as large-area two-dimensional mono-component supramolecular crystals, as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We propose that the synthesis benefits from the conformational flexibility of the TPE backbone in distinctive multi-step reaction pathways. This study opens up opportunities for exploring the photophysical properties of TPE-based macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Lyu
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengyi Chen
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky Wing Yip Lam
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Nian Lin
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Song L, Yang B, Fan X, Mao Y, Shan H, Wang J, Niu K, Hao Z, Zeng Z, Li Y, Zhao A, Lin H, Chi L, Li Q. Intra- and Inter-Self-Assembly of Identical Supramolecules on Silver Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8902-8907. [PMID: 36126251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of identical organometallic supramolecules into ordered superstructures is of great interest in both chemical science and nanotechnology due to its potential to generate neoteric properties through collective effects. In this work, we demonstrate that large-scale self-organization of atomically precise organometallic supramolecules can be achieved through cascaded on-surface chemical reactions, by the combination of intra- and inter-supramolecular interactions. Supramolecules with defined size and shape are first built through intramolecular reaction and intermolecular metal coordination, followed by the formation of well-ordered two-dimensional arrays with the assistance of Br atoms by -C-H···Br interactions. The mechanism of this process has been investigated from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Mao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huan Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Zhengming Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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9
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Lisiecki J, Szabelski P. Theoretical modeling of the metal-organic precursors of anthracene-based covalent networks on surfaces. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100877. [PMID: 35129274 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Surface-assisted fabrication of molecular network architectures has been a promising route to low-dimensional materials with unique physicochemical properties and functionalities. One versatile way in this field is the Ullmann coupling reaction of halogenated organic monomers on catalytically active metallic surfaces. In this work, using the coarse grained Monte Carlo simulations, we studied the on-surface self-assembly of metal-organic precursors preceding the covalent Ullman-type linkage of tetrahalogenated anthracene building blocks. To that end a series of positional isomers was examined and classified with respect to their ability of creation of extended network structures. Our simulations focused on the identification of basic types of self-assembly scenarios distinguishing enantiopure and racemic systems and producing periodic and aperiodic networks. The calculations carried out for selected tectons demonstrated wide possibilities of controlling porosity (e.g. pore size, shape, periodicity, chirality, heterogeneity) of the networks by suitable functionalization of the monomeric unit. The findings reported here can be helpful in rational designing of 2D polymeric networks with predefined structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Lisiecki
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, Theoretical Chemistry, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, POLAND
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Theoretical Chemistry, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, POLAND
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10
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On-Surface Synthesis of sp-Carbon Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010137. [PMID: 35010087 PMCID: PMC8746520 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of carbon nanostructures has attracted tremendous attention owing to their unique properties and numerous applications in various fields. With the extensive development of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscope (nc-AFM), the on-surface fabricated nanostructures so far can be characterized on atomic and even single-bond level. Therefore, various novel low-dimensional carbon nanostructures, challenging to traditional solution chemistry, have been widely studied on surfaces, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, graphene nanoribbons, nanoporous graphene, and graphyne/graphdiyne-like nanostructures. In particular, nanostructures containing sp-hybridized carbons are of great advantage for their structural linearity and small steric demands as well as intriguing electronic and mechanical properties. Herein, the recent developments of low-dimensional sp-carbon nanostructures fabricated on surfaces will be summarized and discussed.
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11
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Peng X, Mahalingam H, Dong S, Mutombo P, Su J, Telychko M, Song S, Lyu P, Ng PW, Wu J, Jelínek P, Chi C, Rodin A, Lu J. Visualizing designer quantum states in stable macrocycle quantum corrals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5895. [PMID: 34625542 PMCID: PMC8501084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating atomically precise quantum architectures with high digital fidelity and desired quantum states is an important goal in a new era of quantum technology. The strategy of creating these quantum nanostructures mainly relies on atom-by-atom, molecule-by-molecule manipulation or molecular assembly through non-covalent interactions, which thus lack sufficient chemical robustness required for on-chip quantum device operation at elevated temperature. Here, we report a bottom-up synthesis of covalently linked organic quantum corrals (OQCs) with atomic precision to induce the formation of topology-controlled quantum resonance states, arising from a collective interference of scattered electron waves inside the quantum nanocavities. Individual OQCs host a series of atomic orbital-like resonance states whose orbital hybridization into artificial homo-diatomic and hetero-diatomic molecular-like resonance states can be constructed in Cassini oval-shaped OQCs with desired topologies corroborated by joint ab initio and analytic calculations. Our studies open up a new avenue to fabricate covalently linked large-sized OQCs with atomic precision to engineer desired quantum states with high chemical robustness and digital fidelity for future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pei Wen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16200, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Aleksandr Rodin
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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12
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Han D, Zhu J. Surface-assisted fabrication of low-dimensional carbon-based nanoarchitectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:343001. [PMID: 34111858 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0a1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as an alternative to traditional in-solution synthesis, has become an emerging research field and attracted extensive attention over the past decade due to its ability to fabricate nanoarchitectures with exotic properties. Compared to wet chemistry, the on-surface synthesis conducted on atomically flat solid surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum exhibits unprecedented characteristics and advantages, opening novel reaction pathways for chemical synthesis. Various low-dimensional nanostructures have been fabricated on solid surfaces (mostly metal surfaces) based on this newly developed approach. This paper reviews the classic and latest works regarding carbon-based low-dimensional nanostructures since the arrival of on-surface synthesis era. These nanostructures are categorized into zero-, one- and two-dimensional classes and each class is composed of numerous sub-nanostructures. For certain specific nanostructures, comprehensive reports are given, including precursor design, substrate choice, synthetic strategies and so forth. We hope that our review will shed light on the fabrication of some significant nanostructures in this young and promising scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
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13
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Yang Z, Sander T, Gebhardt J, Schaub TA, Schönamsgruber J, Soni HR, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Metalated Graphyne-Based Networks as Two-Dimensional Materials: Crystallization, Topological Defects, Delocalized Electronic States, and Site-Specific Doping. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16887-16896. [PMID: 33238103 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphyne-based two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes feature extraordinary physical properties; however, their synthesis as crystalline single-layered materials has remained challenging. We report on the fabrication of large-area organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide networks and their structural and electronic properties on Ag(111) using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The metalated graphyne-based networks are robust at room temperature and assembled in a bottom-up approach via surface-assisted dehalogenative homocoupling of terminal alkynyl bromides. Large-area networks of several hundred nanometers with topological defects at domain boundaries are obtained due to the Ag-acetylide bonds' reversible nature. The thermodynamically controlled growth mechanism is explained through the direct observation of intermediates, which differ on Ag(111) and Au(111). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy resolved unoccupied states delocalized across the network. The energy of these states can be shifted locally by the attachment of a different number of Br atoms within the network. DFT revealed that free-standing metal-bis-acetylide networks are semimetals with a linear band dispersion around several high-symmetry points, which suggest the presence of Weyl points. These results demonstrate that the organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide networks feature the typical 2D material properties, which make them of great interest for fundamental studies and electronic materials in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Yang
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Sander
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebhardt
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schönamsgruber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Himadri R Soni
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Ren J, Klaasen H, Witteler MC, Viergutz L, Neugebauer J, Gao HY, Studer A, Fuchs H. Aryl Triflates in On-Surface Chemistry. Chemistry 2020; 26:16727-16732. [PMID: 32730686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of aryl triflates in on-surface C-C coupling is reported. It is shown that the triflate group in aryl triflates enables regioselective homo coupling with preceding or concomitant hydrodetriflation on Cu(111). Three different symmetrical π-systems with two and three triflate functionalities were used as monomers leading to oligomeric conjugated π-systems. The cascade, comprising different intermediates at different reaction temperatures as observed for one of the molecules, proceeds via initial removal of the trifluoromethyl sulfonyl group to give an aryloxy radical which in turn is deoxygenated to the corresponding aryl radical. Thermodynamically driven regioselective 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer leads to a translocated aryl radical which in turn undergoes coupling. For a sterically more hindered bistriflate, where one ortho position was blocked, dehydrogenative coupling occurred at remote position with good regioselectivity. Starting materials, intermediates as well as products were analyzed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Structures and suggested mechanism were further supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Klaasen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie C Witteler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Viergutz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hong-Ying Gao
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, 210094, Nanjing, P. R. China
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15
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Albrecht F, Rey D, Fatayer S, Schulz F, Pérez D, Peña D, Gross L. Intramolecular Coupling of Terminal Alkynes by Atom Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce Rey
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | | | | | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research–Zurich 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
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16
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Albrecht F, Rey D, Fatayer S, Schulz F, Pérez D, Peña D, Gross L. Intramolecular Coupling of Terminal Alkynes by Atom Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22989-22993. [PMID: 32845044 PMCID: PMC7756451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaser-like coupling of terminal alkynes by thermal activation is extensively used in on-surface chemistry. Here we demonstrate an intramolecular version of this reaction performed by atom manipulation. We used voltage pulses from the tip to trigger a Glaser-like coupling between terminal alkyne carbons within a custom-synthesized precursor molecule adsorbed on bilayer NaCl on Cu(111). Different conformations of the precursor molecule and the product were characterized by molecular structure elucidation with atomic force microscopy and orbital density mapping with scanning tunneling microscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. We revealed partially dehydrogenated intermediates, providing insight into the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce Rey
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiagode CompostelaSpain
| | | | | | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiagode CompostelaSpain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiagode CompostelaSpain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research–Zurich8803RüschlikonSwitzerland
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17
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Leng X, Li W, Liu X, Wang L. Direct observation of meta-selective C-H activation on Pd(1 1 1) by scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Shu CH, He Y, Zhang RX, Chen JL, Wang A, Liu PN. Atomic-Scale Visualization of Stepwise Growth Mechanism of Metal-Alkynyl Networks on Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16579-16586. [PMID: 32900189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most appealing topics in the study of metal-organic networks is the growth mechanism. However, its study is still considered a significant challenge. Herein, using scanning tunneling microscopy, the growth mechanisms of metal-alkynyl networks on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces were investigated at the atomic scale. During the reaction of 1,3,5-tris(chloroethynyl)benzene on Ag(111), honeycomb Ag-alkynyl networks formed at 393 K, and only short chain intermediates were observed. By contrast, the same precursor formed honeycomb Au-alkynyl networks on Au(111) at 503 K. Progression annealing led to a stepwise evolution process, in which the sequential activation of three Cl-alkynyl bonds led to the formation of dimers, zigzag chains, and novel chiral networks as the intermediates. Moreover, density functional theory calculations indicate that chlorine atoms are crucial in assisting the breakage of metal-alkynyl bonds to form Cl-metal-alkynyl, which guarantees the reversibility of the break/formation equilibration as the key to forming regular large-scale organometallic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Shu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Le Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - An Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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19
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Yu X, Li X, Lin H, Liu M, Cai L, Qiu X, Yang D, Fan X, Qiu X, Xu W. Bond-Scission-Induced Structural Transformation from Cumulene to Diyne Moiety and Formation of Semiconducting Organometallic Polyyne. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8085-8089. [PMID: 32321241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural transformation from symmetric cumulene to broken-symmetry polyyne within a one-dimensional (1-D) atomic carbon chain is a signature of Peierls distortion. Direct observation of such a structural transformation with single-bond resolution is, however, still challenging. Herein, we design a molecule with a cumulene moiety (Br2C═C═C═CBr2) and employ STM tip manipulation to achieve the molecular skeleton rearrangement from a cumulene to a diyne moiety (Br-C≡C-C≡C-Br). Furthermore, by an on-surface reaction strategy, thermally induced entire debromination (:C═C═C═C:) leads to the formation of a 1-D organometallic polyyne (-C≡C-C≡C-Au-) with a semiconducting characteristic, which implies that a Peierls-like transition may occur in a rationally designed molecular system with limited length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
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20
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Fu C, Mikšátko J, Assies L, Vrkoslav V, Orlandi S, Kalbáč M, Kovaříček P, Zeng X, Zhou B, Muccioli L, Perepichka DF, Orgiu E. Surface-Confined Macrocyclization via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2956-2965. [PMID: 32068388 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined synthesis is a promising approach to build complex molecular nanostructures including macrocycles. However, despite the recent advances in on-surface macrocyclization under ultrahigh vacuum, selective synthesis of monodisperse and multicomponent macrocycles remains a challenge. Here, we report on an on-surface formation of [6 + 6] Schiff-base macrocycles via dynamic covalent chemistry. The macrocycles form two-dimensional crystalline domains on the micrometer scale, enabled by dynamic conversion of open-chain oligomers into well-defined ∼3.0 nm hexagonal macrocycles. We further show that by tailoring the length of the alkyl substituents, it is possible to control which of three possible products-oligomers, macrocycles, or polymers-will form at the surface. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy imaging combined with density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations unravel the synergistic effect of surface confinement and solvent in leading to preferential on-surface macrocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Fu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
- INRS, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Centre, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Jiří Mikšátko
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Assies
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 166 10 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale " Toso Montanari ", Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kovaříček
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale " Toso Montanari ", Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- INRS, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Centre, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
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21
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Liang H, Xing S, Shi Z, Zhang H, Chi L. Directing On‐Surface Reaction Pathways via Metal‐Organic Cu−N Coordination. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:843-846. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shuaipeng Xing
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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22
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Hieulle J, Silly F. Two-Dimensional Hydrogen-Bonded Nanoarchitecture Composed of Rectangular 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide and Boomerang-Shaped Molecules Resulting from the Dissociation of 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3964-3968. [PMID: 32149223 PMCID: PMC7057330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) with the star-shaped 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) on Au(111) is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. PTCDI forms a compact canted arrangement on the gold surface. When TAPB is sublimated at a high temperature, the molecule dissociates into a 4-aminophenyl group and a boomerang-shaped compound. The boomerang molecule self-assembles with PTCDI to create a two-dimensional (2D) nanoarchitecture stabilized by N-H···O-C hydrogen bonds between the dissociated TAPB and PTCDI. The molecular ratio of this multicomponent structure is 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Silly
- E-mail: . Phone: +33(0)169088019. Fax: +33(0)169088446
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23
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Silly F. Elucidating the intramolecular contrast in the STM images of 2,4,6-tris(4',4'',4'''-trimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules recorded at room-temperature and at the liquid-solid interface. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5742-5746. [PMID: 35497445 PMCID: PMC9049222 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-shaped 2,4,6-tris(4',4'',4'''-trimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules self-assemble at the solid-liquid interface into a compact hexagonal nanoarchitecture on graphite. High resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the molecules reveal intramolecular features. Comparison of the experimental data with calculated molecular charge density contours shows that the molecular features in the STM images correspond to molecular LUMO+2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Silly
- TITANS, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif sur Yvette France +33169088446 +33169088019
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Chen H, Zhu H, Huang Z, Rong W, Wu K. Two-Sidedness of Surface Reaction Mediation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902080. [PMID: 31418920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous catalytic process involves many surface elementary steps that affect the overall catalytic performance in one way or another. In general, a high-performance heterogeneous catalyst should meet the main criteria: excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity toward target products. Using surface science techniques, the two-sidedness of the surface reaction mediations can be explored, from the perspectives of the surface and the molecule manipulations. The surface manipulation refers to a reaction that is mediated by composition and structure of the substrate as well as surface species, while the molecular manipulation relates to a reaction that is mediated by the reacting molecule via the precursor selection, environmental control, or external excitation. The best catalytic system should consist of the most efficient catalyst and the best suitable reacting molecule, in addition to its economic benefit and environmental amity. Recent research progress in surface reaction mediation is outlined, and its two-sidedness is governed by the Arrhenius equation. This should shed new light on the connection between basic theory and surface reaction mediation strategies. To conclude, challenges and possible opportunities are elaborated for efficient surface reaction mediations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhui Rong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Wang CX, Chen JL, Shu CH, Shi KJ, Liu PN. On-surface synthesis of 2D COFs on Cu(111) via the formation of thermodynamically stable organometallic networks as the template. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13222-13229. [PMID: 31179470 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Template-directed polymerization is an effective approach used to afford regular 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), thus the regularity of the template is crucial for the quality of the resulting 2D COFs. For the Ullmann reactions on Cu(111), aryl iodides and bromides are activated at low temperature to form organometallic C-Cu-C structures, which lead to kinetic trapping and irregular organometallic networks. Therefore, the subsequent annealing step can only afford irregular 2D COFs. In this manuscript, the molecule 4,4''-dibromo-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl incorporated two Br terminals and one Cl terminal has been used to demonstrate different reactivities of a C-Cl bond and a C-Br bond via the hierarchical activation of the C-Br bond and the C-Cl bond on Cu(111). At room temperature, zigzag, armchair, and ring-like organometallic chains formed due to the activation of the C-Br bond to generate a C-Cu-C structure while C-Cl remained intact, illustrating that the C-Cl bond is more stable than C-Br. Further annealing at 433 K activated the C-Cl bond to produce regular organometallic networks as the thermodynamic product. Using the simpler molecule 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorophenyl)benzene as the precursor, the self-assembly of the intact molecules was observed on Cu(111) at 300 K without activation of the C-Cl bond. After annealing at 433 K, similar thermodynamically stable organometallic networks formed directly, which were used as a template to generate regular 2D COFs upon further annealing at 510 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Kang F, Xu W. On-Surface Synthesis of One-Dimensional Carbon-Based Nanostructures via C-X and C-H Activation Reactions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2251-2261. [PMID: 31081259 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures owing to their unique properties and various subsequent applications. It is of fundamental importance to explore ways to achieve atomically precise fabrication of these interesting structures. The newly developed on-surface synthesis approach provides an efficient strategy for this challenging issue, demonstrating the potential of atomically precise preparation of low-dimensional nanostructures. Up to now, the formation of various surface nanostructures, especially carbon-based ones, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), kinds of organic (organometallic) chains and films, have been achieved via on-surface synthesis strategy, in which in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism has also been explored. This review article will provide a general overview on the formation of one-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures via on-surface synthesis method. In this review, only a part of the on-surface chemical reactions (specifically, C-X (X=Cl, Br, I) and C-H activation reactions) under ultra-high vacuum conditions will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center and, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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Leng X, Li W, Liu X, Wang L. Direct observation of copper-induced role on Ullmann reaction by scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hu J, Shen K, Hu J, Sun H, Tian Q, Zhaofeng, Liang, Huang H, Jiang Z, Wells JW, Song F. Structural Transformation of 2,7‐Dibromopyrene on Au(111) Mediated by Halogen‐Bonding Motifs. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2376-2381. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 101000 China
| | - Kongchao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 101000 China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Qiwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
- School of Physics Science and ElectronicsCentral South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Zhaofeng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Liang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Han Huang
- School of Physics Science and ElectronicsCentral South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 101000 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Justin W. Wells
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of PhysicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO-7491 Norway
| | - Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology and Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 101000 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
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