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Bostancıklıoğlu M, İğci M, Ulaşlı M. Nigella sativa, Anthemis hyaline and Citrus sinensis extracts reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication by fluctuating Rho GTPase, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK/ERK pathways in HeLa-CEACAM1a cells. Gene 2024; 911:148366. [PMID: 38485035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Traditional remedies have long utilized Anthemis hyaline, Nigella sativa, and Citrus sinensis peel extracts as treatments for microbial infections. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Anthemis hyaline, Nigella sativa, and Citrus sinensis extracts on coronavirus replication and apoptosis-related pathways. HeLa-CEACAM1a cells were exposed to mouse hepatitis virus-A59. After viral inoculation, the mRNA levels of 36 genes were quantified using a Fluidigm Dynamic Array nanofluidic chip. IL-8 level and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured, and viral titer was assessed by the TCID50/ml assay to detect the extent of infection. Treatment with Nigella sativa extract surged the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 level at both 24 and 48-hour. Changes in gene expression were notable for RHOA, VAV3, ROCK2, CFL1, RASA1, and MPRIP genes following treatment with any of the extracts. The addition of Anthemis hyaline, Nigella sativa, or Citrus sinensis extracts to coronavirus-infected cells reduced viral presence, with Anthemis hyaline extract leading to a virtually undetectable viral load at 6- and 8-hours after infection. While all treatments influenced IL-8 production and viral levels, Anthemis hyaline extract displayed the most pronounced reduction in viral load. Consequently, Anthemis hyaline extract emerges as the most promising agent, harboring potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bostancıklıoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehri İğci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulaşlı
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Kong S, Li J, Pan X, Zhao C, Li Y. Allicin regulates Sestrin2 ubiquitination to affect macrophage autophagy and senescence, thus inhibiting the growth of hepatoma cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102398. [PMID: 38728949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allicin regulates macrophage autophagy and senescence, and inhibits hepatoma cell growth. This study investigated the mechanism by which allicin inhibits the growth of hepatoma cells. METHODS Hepa1-6 mouse hepatoma cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 J mice to construct a tumor transplantation model. Macrophages were cultured with the supernatant of hepatoma cells to construct a cell model. The levels of mRNA and proteins and the level of Sestrin2 ubiquitination were measured by RTqPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The levels of autophagy-related factors and the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase were determined by kits, and protein stability was detected by cycloheximide (CHX) tracking. RESULTS Data analysis of clinical samples revealed that RBX1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues, while Sestrin2 was expressed at low levels in tumor tissues. Allicin can promote the expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 in tumor macrophages and inhibit the expression of the aging-related proteins p16 and p21, thus promoting autophagy in macrophages and inhibiting cell senescence. Moreover, allicin can inhibit the expression of RBX1, thereby reducing the ubiquitination of Sestrin2, enhancing the stability of Sestrin2, activating autophagy in tumor macrophages and inhibiting senescence. In addition, allicin treatment inhibited the proliferation and migration of hepatoma carcinoma cells cocultured with macrophages and significantly improved the development of liver cancer in mice. CONCLUSION Allicin can affect the autophagy of macrophages and restrain the growth of hepatoma cells by regulating the ubiquitination of Sestrin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Jiaxun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
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El-Shiekh RA, Okba MM, Mandour AA, Kutkat O, Elshimy R, Nagaty HA, Ashour RM. Eucalyptus Oils Phytochemical Composition in Correlation with Their Newly Explored Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Potential: in Vitro and in Silico Approaches. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:410-416. [PMID: 38492174 PMCID: PMC11178612 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest arisen contagious respiratory pathogen related to the global outbreak of atypical pneumonia pandemic (COVID-19). The essential oils (EOs) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. ficifolia F. Muell., E. citriodora Hook, E. globulus Labill, E. sideroxylon Cunn. ex Woolls, and E. torquata Luehm. were investigated for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The EOs phytochemical composition was determined using GC/MS analysis. Correlation with the explored antiviral activity was also studied using multi-variate data analysis and Pearson's correlation. The antiviral MTT and cytopathic effect inhibition assays revealed very potent and promising anti SARS-CoV-2 potential for E. citriodora EO (IC50 = 0.00019 µg/mL and SI = 26.27). The multivariate analysis revealed α-pinene, α-terpinyl acetate, globulol, γ -terpinene, and pinocarvone were the main biomarkers for E. citriodora oil. Pearson's correlation revealed that globulol is the top positively correlated compound in E. citriodora oil to its newly explored potent anti SARS-CoV-2 potential. A molecular simulation was performed on globulol via docking in the main active sites of both SARS-CoV-2 viral main protease (Mpro) and spike protein (S). In silico predictive ADMET study was also developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and predict globulol toxicity. The obtained in silico, in vitro and Pearson's correlation results were aligned showing promising SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of E. citriodora and globulol. This study is a first record for E. citriodora EO as a novel lead exhibiting potent in vitro, and in silico anti SARS-CoV-2 potential and suggesting its component globulol as a promising candidate for further extensive in silico, in vitro and in vivo anti-COVID studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana Elshimy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany A Nagaty
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Shukla A, Singh A, Tripathi S. Perturbed Lipid Metabolism Transduction Pathways in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Their Possible Treating Nutraceuticals. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38805016 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2359084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has evolved into an international public health concern. Its causing agent was SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), a lipid bilayer encapsulated virus. Lipids have relevance in the host's viral cycle; additionally; viruses have been speculated to manipulate lipid signaling and production to influence the lipidome of host cells. SARS-CoV-2 engages the host lipid pathways for replication, like fatty acid synthesis activation via upregulation of AKT and SREBP pathway and inhibiting lipid catabolism by AMPK and PPAR deactivation. Consequently, lipoprotein levels are altered in most cases, i.e., raised LDL, TG, VLDL levels and reduced HDL levels like a hyperlipidemic state. Apo lipoproteins, a subsiding structural part of lipoproteins, may also impact viral spike protein binding to host cell receptors. In a few studies conducted on COVID-19 patients, maintaining Apo lipoprotein levels has also shown antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. It was speculated that several potent hypolipidemic drugs, such as statins, hydroxychloroquine, and metformin, could be used as add-on treatment in COVID-19 management. Nutraceuticals like Garlic, Fenugreek, and vinegar have the potency to lower the lipid capability acting via these pathways. A link between COVID-19 and post-COVID alteration in lipoprotein levels has not yet been fully understood. In this review, we try to look over the possible modifications in lipid metabolism due to SARS-CoV-2 viral exposure, besides the prospect of focusing on the potential of lipid metabolic processes to interrupt the viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India
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Efficacy and safety of a novel antiviral herbal preparation in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19: A phase III double-blinded controlled trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:215-228. [PMID: 38966633 PMCID: PMC11221769 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective Despite an increasing number of studies, there is as yet no definite treatment developed for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this clinical trial, we examined the efficacy of a novel herbal antiviral preparation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods A total number of 120 ICU-admitted patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia were recruited to the trial. Participants were equally randomized to receive either the novel antiviral preparation sublingually, for up to two consecutive weeks or till discharge, or placebo. Clinical and laboratory parameters as well as survival rates were compared between the two groups. Results The cumulative incidence of death throughout the study period was 8.33% in the intervention group and 60% in the placebo group (risk ratio: 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05 to 0.32; p<0.001). On day 7, several parameters including white blood cells (WBCs) count, C-reactive protein, and SpO2 were improved for the treatment group compared with the placebo group (p-values of 0.05, 0.01, and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion This preparation might be suggested as a potentially promising COVID-19 treatment.
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Singh M, Lo SH, Dubey R, Kumar S, Chaubey KK, Kumar S. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds as an Emerging Antiviral in Combating COVID-19. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:429-446. [PMID: 38031604 PMCID: PMC10682353 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human virus that burst at Wuhan in China and spread quickly over the world, leading to millions of deaths globally. The journey of this deadly virus to different mutant strains is still ongoing. The plethora of drugs and vaccines have been tested to cope up this pandemic. The herbal plants and different spices have received great attention during pandemic, because of their anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in treating viruses and their symptoms. Also, it has been shown that nano-formulation of phytochemicals has potential therapeutic effect against COVID-19. Furthermore, the plant derived compound nano-formulation specifically increases its antiviral property by enhancing its bioavailability, solubility, and target-specific delivery system. This review highlights the potentiality of herbal plants and their phytochemical against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing different mechanisms such as blocking the ACE-2 receptors, inhibiting the main proteases, binding spike proteins and reducing the cytokine storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP 281406 India
| | - Shih-Hsiu Lo
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Sudhashekhar Kumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sanskriti University, Mathura, UP 281401 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
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Zhao JH, Wang YW, Yang J, Tong ZJ, Wu JZ, Wang YB, Wang QX, Li QQ, Yu YC, Leng XJ, Chang L, Xue X, Sun SL, Li HM, Ding N, Duan JA, Li NG, Shi ZH. Natural products as potential lead compounds to develop new antiviral drugs over the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115726. [PMID: 37597436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection has been one of the main causes of human death since the ancient times. Even though more and more antiviral drugs have been approved in clinic, long-term use can easily lead to the emergence of drug resistance and side effects. Fortunately, there are many kinds of metabolites which were produced by plants, marine organisms and microorganisms in nature with rich structural skeletons, and they are natural treasure house for people to find antiviral active substances. Aiming at many types of viruses that had caused serious harm to human health in recent years, this review summarizes the natural products with antiviral activity that had been reported for the first time in the past ten years, we also sort out the source, chemical structure and safety indicators in order to provide potential lead compounds for the research and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Han Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yue-Wei Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - He-Min Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Srivastava R, Singh N, Kanda T, Yadav S, Yadav S, Choudhary P, Atri N. Promising role of Vitamin D and plant metabolites against COVID-19: Clinical trials review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21205. [PMID: 37920525 PMCID: PMC10618788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D possesses immunomodulatory qualities and is protective against respiratory infections. Additionally, it strengthens adaptive and cellular immunity and boosts the expression of genes involved in oxidation. Experts suggested taking vitamin D supplements to avoid and treat viral infection and also COVID-19, on the other hand, since the beginning of time, the use of plants as medicines have been vital to human wellbeing. The WHO estimates that 80 % of people worldwide use plants or herbs for therapeutic purposes. Secondary metabolites from medicinal plants are thought to be useful in lowering infections from pathogenic microorganisms due to their ability to inhibit viral protein and enzyme activity by binding with them. As a result, this manuscript seeks to describe the role of vitamin D and probable plant metabolites that have antiviral activities and may be complementary to the alternative strategy against COVID-19 in a single manuscript through reviewing various case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tripti Kanda
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sadhana Yadav
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Neelam Atri
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Ginting B, Chiari W, Duta TF, Hudaa S, Purnama A, Harapan H, Rizki DR, Puspita K, Idroes R, Meriatna M, Iqhrammullah M. COVID-19 pandemic sheds a new research spotlight on antiviral potential of essential oils - A bibliometric study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17703. [PMID: 37456016 PMCID: PMC10338973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils are thought as potential therapies in managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many researchers have put their efforts to tackle the pandemic by exploring antiviral candidates which consequently changes the research landscape. Herein, we aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic toward the landscape of essential oil research. Methods This study employed bibliometric analysis based on the metadata of published literature indexed in the Scopus database. The search was performed on December 15th, 2022 by using keyword 'essential oil' and its synonyms. We grouped the data based on publication year; pre-COVID-19 (2014-2019) and during COVID-19 (2020-2024, some studies have been published earlier). Further, we separated the COVID-19-focused research from COVID-19 (2020-2024) by introducing a new keyword 'COVID-19' during the search. All metadata were processed using VoSviewer and Biblioshiny for network visualization analysis. Selections of frequently occurring keywords, clusters of keyword co-occurrence, and the list of most impactful papers were performed by two independent reviewers. Results Metadata from a total of 35,262 publications were included for bibliometric analysis, comprised of three groups of datasets namely pre-COVID-19 (n = 18,670), COVID-19 (n = 16,592), and COVID-19-focused (n = 281). Five research topics clusters were found from pre-COVID-19 dataset, eight - from COVID-19 dataset, and nine - from COVID-19-focused dataset. COVID-19 cluster containing the keyword 'antiviral' emerged in the COVID-19 dataset, whereas none of the previous research topic clusters contained the keyword 'antiviral'. Antiviral, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitory, and anti-inflammation activities were among the top occurring keywords in studies covering both essential oil and COVID-19. Studies on essential oil used for managing COVID-19 were most reported by authors from the United States (documents = 37, citations = 405), Australia (documents = 16, citations = 115) and Italy (documents = 23, citations = 366). Conclusion A significant increase was found during COVID-19 pandemic for publications covering essential oil themes, but only a small portion was occupied by COVID-19 research. The COVID-19 pandemic does not alter the ongoing progress of essential oil research but rather offers a new spotlight on the antiviral potential of essential oils. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to investigate deeper the antiviral potential of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binawati Ginting
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Williams Chiari
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Fais Duta
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Syihaabul Hudaa
- Department of Management, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta, Banten, 15419, Indonesia
| | - Agnia Purnama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Diva Rayyan Rizki
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Kana Puspita
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rinaldi Idroes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Herbal Medicine Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Meriatna Meriatna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, 24355, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245, Indonesia
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Sindhu M, Rajkumar V, Annapoorani CA, Gunasekaran C, Kannan M. Nanoencapsulation of garlic essential oil using chitosan nanopolymer and its antifungal and anti-aflatoxin B1 efficacy in vitro and in situ. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125160. [PMID: 37271266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the comparative efficacy of garlic essential oil (GEO) and its nanoencapsulated within chitosan nanomatrix (GEO-CSNPs) as a novel preservative for the protection of stored food commodities from fungal infestations, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination and lipid peroxidation against a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus. GC-MS examination of GEO showed the presence of allyl methyl tri-sulfide (23.10 %) and diallyl sulfide (19.47 %) as the major components. GEO-CSNPs were characterized through TEM micrograph, DLS, XRD, and FTIR instrumentation. During the in-vitro investigation, GEO-CSNPs at 1.0 μL/mL dose completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus while preventing the synthesis of AFB1 at 0.75 μL/mL compared to the pure GEO. The biochemical analysis reveals that A. flavus exposed to GEO-CSNPs significantly changed its ergosterol level, ions leakage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and antioxidant system. Additionally, GEO-CSNPs exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity against DPPH compared with GEO. Likewise, during in-situ experiments on A. hypogea GEO-CSNPs MIC and 2 MIC concentration prohibited fungal development, AFB1 synthesis, and lipid peroxidation or inflicting any negative impacts on germinating seeds. Overall, investigations concluded that GEO-CSNPs could be used as a novel preservative agent to improve the shelf life of stored food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sindhu
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vallavan Rajkumar
- Conservation Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Coimbatore Alagubrahmam Annapoorani
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chinnappan Gunasekaran
- Conservation Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malaichamy Kannan
- Centre for Agricultural Nanotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Halma MTJ, Plothe C, Marik P, Lawrie TA. Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1308. [PMID: 37317282 PMCID: PMC10222799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through several mechanisms. One significant mechanism of harm is vascular, and it is mediated by the spike protein, a common element of the COVID-19 illness, and it is related to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Given the significant number of people experiencing these two related conditions, it is imperative to develop treatment protocols, as well as to consider the diversity of people experiencing long COVID-19 and vaccine injury. This review summarizes the known treatment options for long COVID-19 and vaccine injury, their mechanisms, and their evidentiary basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Plothe
- Center for Biophysical Osteopathy, Am Wegweiser 27, 55232 Alzey, Germany
| | - Paul Marik
- Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC), 2001 L St. NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA;
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12
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Pal T, Anand U, Sikdar Mitra S, Biswas P, Tripathi V, Proćków J, Dey A, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Harnessing and bioprospecting botanical-based herbal medicines against potential drug targets for COVID-19: a review coupled molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37105230 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the end of February 2020, the world has come to a standstill due to the virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Since then, the global scientific community has explored various remedies and treatments against this virus, including natural products that have always been a choice because of their many benefits. Various known phytochemicals are well documented for their antiviral properties. Research is being carried out to discover new natural plant products or existing ones as a treatment measure for this disease. The three important targets in this regard are-papain like protease (PLpro), spike protein, and 3 chymotrypsin like proteases (3CLpro). Various docking studies are also being elucidated to identify the phytochemicals that modulate crucial proteins of the virus. The paper is simultaneously a comprehensive review that covers recent advances in the domain of the effect of various botanically derived natural products as an alternative treatment approach against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, the docking analyses revealed that rutin (inhibitor of the major protease of SARS-CoV-2), gallocatechin (e.g., interacting with 03 hydrogen bonds with a spike-like protein), lycorine (showing the best binding affinity with amino acids GLN498, THR500 and GLY446 of the spike-like protein), and quercetrin (inhabiting at its residues ASP216, PHE219, and ILE259) are promising inhibitors of SARS‑CoV‑2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pal
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | | | - Shreya Sikdar Mitra
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - José M Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, Tenerife, Spain
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13
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Campos MF, Mendonça SC, Peñaloza EMC, de Oliveira BAC, Rosa AS, Leitão GG, Tucci AR, Ferreira VNS, Oliveira TKF, Miranda MD, Allonso D, Leitão SG. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus (Saracura-Mirá): Focus on the Modulation of the Spike-ACE2 Interaction by Chemically Characterized Bark Extracts by LC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073159. [PMID: 37049921 PMCID: PMC10095690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine shows several treatment protocols for COVID-19 based on natural products, revealing its potential as a possible source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Ampelozizyphus amazonicus is popularly used in the Brazilian Amazon as a fortifier and tonic, and recently, it has been reported to relieve COVID-19 symptoms. This work aimed to investigate the antiviral potential of A. amazonicus, focusing on the inhibition of spike and ACE2 receptor interaction, a key step in successful infection. Although saponins are the major compounds of this plant and often reported as its active principles, a polyphenol-rich extract was the best inhibitor of the spike and ACE2 interaction. Chemical characterization of A. amazonicus bark extracts by LC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS before and after clean-up steps for polyphenol removal showed that the latter play an essential role in maintaining this activity. The effects of the extracts on viral replication were also assessed, and all samples (aqueous and ethanol extracts) demonstrated in vitro activity, inhibiting viral titers in the supernatant of Calu-3 cells after 24 hpi. By acting both in the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry process and its replication, A. amazonicus bark extracts stand out as a multitarget agent, highlighting the species as a promising candidate in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Freire Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simony Carvalho Mendonça
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Maribel Condori Peñaloza
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. C. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alice S. Rosa
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda R. Tucci
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vivian Neuza S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thamara Kelcya F. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milene Dias Miranda
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Li J, Chen W, Liu H, Liu H, Xiang S, You F, Jiang Y, Lin J, Zhang D, Zheng C. Pharmacologic effects approach of essential oils and their components on respiratory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:115962. [PMID: 36529244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated hydrophobic liquids with volatility and a unique aroma. Formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites, EOs have been used as traditional medicines to treat various health problems worldwide. Historical records show that herbs rich in EOs have been widely used to treat respiratory diseases in China, Europe, and many other regions. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the traditional applications and modern pharmacological mechanisms of EOs derived from aromatic herbs and their active ingredients in respiratory diseases in preclinical and clinical trials through multitarget synergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about EOs and respiratory diseases was collected from electronic databases, such as ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS This review presents the preventive and therapeutic effects of EOs on respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary infection, and pulmonary fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms of EOs in treating different lung diseases are summarized, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, mucolytic, and immune regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS EOs show potential as supplements or substitutes for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Sirui Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yifang Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
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15
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Sahloul OT, Sahloul TM. Association between diet history and symptoms of individuals having recovered from COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:23. [PMID: 36964631 PMCID: PMC10036967 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies show that people who eat a balanced diet have stronger immunity. The present work aimed to identify the effects of the diet history of COVID-19 patients having recovered from the disease on the occurrence and severity of symptoms. METHODS The study sample consisted of 346 individuals aged 20-65 years. The participants' data and answers to an electronic questionnaire regarding their diet history and symptoms were collected. The study focused on four hard symptoms (fever, body pain, cough, and dyspnoea) to investigate the relationship between these symptoms and the consumption of specific immunity foods. RESULTS Symptoms were reported by 88.1% of the participants eating none of the foods investigated, whereas 85.54% and 85.55% of the individuals with little or intensive food intake, respectively, experienced symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Intake of specific functional foods might slightly reduce the occurrence of some symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola T Sahloul
- Faculty of Specific Education, Damietta University, Specific Education Street, The Second Neighborhood, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Talaat M Sahloul
- Faculty of Specific Education, Damietta University, Specific Education Street, The Second Neighborhood, New Damietta, Egypt
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16
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Benali T, Lemhadri A, Harboul K, Chtibi H, Khabbach A, Jadouali SM, Quesada-Romero L, Louahlia S, Hammani K, Ghaleb A, Lee LH, Bouyahya A, Rusu ME, Akhazzane M. Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Essential Oils of Lavandula stoechas L. Collected from Three Moroccan Sites: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1413. [PMID: 36987101 PMCID: PMC10057000 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the determination of the chemical compounds of Lavandula stoechas essential oil from Aknol (LSEOA), Khenifra (LSEOK), and Beni Mellal (LSEOB), and the in vitro investigation of their antibacterial, anticandidal, and antioxidant effects, and in silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The chemical profile of LSEO was determined using GC-MS-MS analysis, the results of which showed a qualitative and quantitative variation in the chemical composition of volatile compounds including L-fenchone, cubebol, camphor, bornyl acetate, and τ-muurolol; indicating that the biosynthesis of essential oils of Lavandula stoechas (LSEO) varied depending on the site of growth. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS and FRAP methods, our results showed that this tested oil is endowed with an ABTS inhibitory effect and an important reducing power which varies between 4.82 ± 1.52 and 15.73 ± 3.26 mg EAA/g extract. The results of antibacterial activity of LSEOA, LSEOK and LSEOB, tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, revealed that B. subtilis (20.66 ± 1.15-25 ± 4.35 mm), P. mirabilis (18.66 ± 1.15-18.66 ± 1.15 mm), and P. aeruginosa (13.33 ± 1.15-19 ± 1.00 mm) are the most susceptible strains to LSEOA, LSEOK and LSEOB of which LSEOB exhibits bactericidal effect against P. mirabilis. furthermore The LSEO exhibited varying degrees of anticandidal activity with an inhibition zones of 25.33 ± 0.5, 22.66 ± 2.51, and 19 ± 1 mm for LSEOK, LSEOB, and LSEOA, respectively. Additionally, the in silico molecular docking process, performed using Chimera Vina and Surflex-Dock programs, indicated that LSEO could inhibit SARS-CoV-2. These important biological properties of LSEO qualify this plant as an interesting source of natural bioactive compounds with medicinal actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 46030, Morocco
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Lemhadri
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 46030, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Harboul
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
| | - Houda Chtibi
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Khabbach
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (BCVRN), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1796, Fez 30003, Morocco
| | - Si Mohamed Jadouali
- Department of Biotechnology and Analysis EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Khenifra 23000, Morocco
| | - Luisa Quesada-Romero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos 1163, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Said Louahlia
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
| | - Khalil Hammani
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
| | - Adib Ghaleb
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi 46030, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mohamed Akhazzane
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Gannouni A, Tahri W, Roisnel T, Al-Resayes SI, Azam M, Kefi R. Single Crystal Investigations, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, DFT Studies, Molecular Docking, Physico-Chemical Characterization, and Biological Activity of a Novel Non-Centrosymmetric Compound with a Copper Transition Metal Precursor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7738-7748. [PMID: 36873014 PMCID: PMC9979233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel organic-inorganic hybrid non-centrosymmetric superconductor material [2-ethylpiperazine tetrachlorocuprate(II)] has been synthesized and investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, thermal analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The single-crystal X-ray analysis indicates that the studied compound crystallizes in the P212121 orthorhombic space group. Hirshfeld surface analyses have been used to investigate non-covalent interactions. Organic cations [C6H16N2]2+ and inorganic moieties [CuCl4]2- alternatively connect N-H···Cl and C-H···Cl hydrogen bonds. In addition, the energies of the frontier orbitals, highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, the reduced density gradient analyses and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses, and the natural bonding orbital are also studied. Furthermore, the optical absorption and photoluminescence properties were also explored. However, time-dependent/DFT computations were utilized to examine the photoluminescence and UV-vis absorption characteristics. Two different methods, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging, were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the studied material. Furthermore, the title material was docked to the SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.529) in silico to study the non-covalent interaction of the cuprate(II) complex with active amino acids in the spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Gannouni
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage Faculté des Sciences
de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisie
| | - Wiem Tahri
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Risks
Related to Environmental Stress, Struggle and Prevention (UR17ES20), University of Carthage, Te Ministry of Higher Education
and Scientific Research, Zarzouna, 7003 Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) −
UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saud I. Al-Resayes
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riadh Kefi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage Faculté des Sciences
de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisie
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18
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Ethnopharmacological Potential of Phytochemicals and Phytogenic Products against Human RNA Viral Diseases as Preventive Therapeutics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1977602. [PMID: 36860811 PMCID: PMC9970710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1977602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses have been the most destructive due to their transmissibility and lack of control measures. Developments of vaccines for RNA viruses are very tough or almost impossible as viruses are highly mutable. For the last few decades, most of the epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have wreaked huge devastation with innumerable fatalities. To combat this threat to mankind, plant-derived novel antiviral products may contribute as reliable alternatives. They are assumed to be nontoxic, less hazardous, and safe compounds that have been in uses in the beginning of human civilization. In this growing COVID-19 pandemic, the present review amalgamates and depicts the role of various plant products in curing viral diseases in humans.
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19
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Diallyl Trisulfide, a Biologically Active Component of Garlic Essential Oil, Decreases Male Fertility in Sitotroga cerealella by Impairing Dimorphic Spermatogenesis, Sperm Motility and Lipid Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040669. [PMID: 36831336 PMCID: PMC9955147 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) is a biologically active component of garlic essential oil and exhibits multi-targeted activity against many organisms. The current study tested the capacity of DAT to decrease the male fertility of Sitotroga cerealella. The effects on testis morphology, sperm number, motility, and lipid homeostasis were observed in adult males fumigated with DAT at a dose of 0.01 μL/L in air. The results indicated that the DAT significantly decreased the dimorphic sperm number. Meanwhile, the ultrastructural analysis of the sperm showed that the DAT caused malformed and aberrant structures of mitochondrial derivatives of dimorphic sperm. Additionally, the lipid homeostasis and ATP contents in the male adults were significantly decreased after treatment. Moreover, the total sperm motility was reduced, while the wave-propagation velocity, amplitude, frequency, and wavelength were significantly decreased compared with the controls. Overall, this study reported, for the first time, that DAT impairs energy metabolism, inhibits dimorphic spermatogenesis, and decreases sperm motility, while these abnormalities in sperm lead to adult-male infertility.
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Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, Chauhan AK, Rashid S, Chen KT, Sharma R. Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1120377. [PMID: 36875845 PMCID: PMC9978857 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is an edible tuber belonging to the family Liliaceae. It has been used since ancient times as a spice to enhance the sensory characteristics of food and as a household remedy for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Garlic has been studied for its medicinal and therapeutic effects in the treatment of various human diseases for a long time. Health benefits associated with the consumption of garlic are attributed to the various sulfur compounds present in it such as allicin, ajoene, vinyl-dithiin, and other volatile organosulfur compounds which are all metabolized from alliin. Several researches in the literature have shown evidence that garlic exhibits antioxidant, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antihypertensive, anti-anemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticarcinogenic, antiaggregant, and immunomodulatory properties. The present review identifies and discusses the various health benefits associated with the consumption of garlic, its essential oil, and bioactive constituents, along with exploring the various snack-food products developed by incorporating garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Verma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Aggarwal
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Dey
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kow-Tong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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DRaW: prediction of COVID-19 antivirals by deep learning-an objection on using matrix factorization. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:52. [PMID: 36793010 PMCID: PMC9931173 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high resource consumption of introducing a new drug, drug repurposing plays an essential role in drug discovery. To do this, researchers examine the current drug-target interaction (DTI) to predict new interactions for the approved drugs. Matrix factorization methods have much attention and utilization in DTIs. However, they suffer from some drawbacks. METHODS We explain why matrix factorization is not the best for DTI prediction. Then, we propose a deep learning model (DRaW) to predict DTIs without having input data leakage. We compare our model with several matrix factorization methods and a deep model on three COVID-19 datasets. In addition, to ensure the validation of DRaW, we evaluate it on benchmark datasets. Furthermore, as an external validation, we conduct a docking study on the COVID-19 recommended drugs. RESULTS In all cases, the results confirm that DRaW outperforms matrix factorization and deep models. The docking results approve the top-ranked recommended drugs for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we show that it may not be the best choice to use matrix factorization in the DTI prediction. Matrix factorization methods suffer from some intrinsic issues, e.g., sparsity in the domain of bioinformatics applications and fixed-unchanged size of the matrix-related paradigm. Therefore, we propose an alternative method (DRaW) that uses feature vectors rather than matrix factorization and demonstrates better performance than other famous methods on three COVID-19 and four benchmark datasets.
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Lime and orange essential oils and d-limonene as a potential COVID-19 inhibitor: Computational, in chemico, and cytotoxicity analysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2023; 51:102348. [PMID: 36597499 PMCID: PMC9801698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted the world health systems, causing public health concerns, and the search for new compounds with antiviral activity is of extreme interest. Natural molecules with bioactive potential are a trend, with essential oils (Eos) being the focus of recent studies. Thus, this study evaluates in chemico the d-limonene inhibitory activities in the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 and analyzes the cytotoxic potential and safety profile of d-limonene and lime and orange EOs with a high content of d-limonene. The EOs were extracted and characterized, and the in chemico computational analysis for the determination as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 was performed with d-limonene, the major compound in EOs. The cytotoxicity analysis of EOs and d-limonene was carried out with MRC-5 and HaCaT, and the preliminary safety profile was also evaluated by the HET-CAM assay. d-limonene was suggested as a promising compound for anti-SARS-CoV-2 research, since the molecule does not provide mutagenic and cytotoxic fragments, and does not have irritating potential when diluted, in addition to having favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, through in chemico analysis. Collectively, the results reveal the antiviral potential of lime and orange EOs, as well as their major compound. In this sense, further studies should be conducted to understand the antiviral mechanisms.
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Kafi DK, Ayyash AN. Density functional theory and molecular docking study to lutein molecule for COVID-19 protease inhibitors. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2023; 13:1-12. [PMID: 36691520 PMCID: PMC9850325 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the corona pandemic, numerous scientific projects have been conducted worldwide to investigate how the new virus can be combated. Researchers are developing various vaccines and drugs at full speed - with varying degrees of success. In this work, silico screening (molecular docking analysis) is performed on twenty natural compounds, which are expected to provide valuable lead molecules and medication to treat a new condition SARS-CoV-2. Our results indicate that out of the 20 compounds on the candidate list, lutein and Polydatin, natural components of fruits and vegetables (especially egg yolk and maize) have shown an excellent performance in our docking studies through a minimum binding energy of - 9.8 kcal/mol also - 7.4 kcal/mol, separately. This indicates their potential for the inhibitory molecular interactions against COVID-19. The main intent of the research is to analyse the protein components and investigate the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaidan Khalaf Kafi
- Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Adil N. Ayyash
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
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Samad A, Ajmal A, Mahmood A, Khurshid B, Li P, Jan SM, Rehman AU, He P, Abdalla AN, Umair M, Hu J, Wadood A. Identification of novel inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 as therapeutic options using machine learning-based virtual screening, molecular docking and MD simulation. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1060076. [PMID: 36959979 PMCID: PMC10028080 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus SARS-COV-2, which emerged in late 2019 from Wuhan city of China was regarded as causing agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary protease which is also known by various synonymous i.e., main protease, 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLPRO) has a vital role in the replication of the virus, which can be used as a potential drug target. The current study aimed to identify novel phytochemical therapeutics for 3CLPRO by machine learning-based virtual screening. A total of 4,000 phytochemicals were collected from deep literature surveys and various other sources. The 2D structures of these phytochemicals were retrieved from the PubChem database, and with the use of a molecular operating environment, 2D descriptors were calculated. Machine learning-based virtual screening was performed to predict the active phytochemicals against the SARS-CoV-2 3CLPRO. Random forest achieved 98% accuracy on the train and test set among the different machine learning algorithms. Random forest model was used to screen 4,000 phytochemicals which leads to the identification of 26 inhibitors against the 3CLPRO. These hits were then docked into the active site of 3CLPRO. Based on docking scores and protein-ligand interactions, MD simulations have been performed using 100 ns for the top 5 novel inhibitors, ivermectin, and the APO state of 3CLPRO. The post-dynamic analysis i.e,. Root means square deviation (RMSD), Root mean square fluctuation analysis (RMSF), and MM-GBSA analysis reveal that our newly identified phytochemicals form significant interactions in the binding pocket of 3CLPRO and form stable complexes, indicating that these phytochemicals could be used as potential antagonists for SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amar Ajmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beenish Khurshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ping Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi university, Taiyuan, China
| | - Syed Mansoor Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pei He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junjian Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Junjian Hu, ; Abdul Wadood,
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Junjian Hu, ; Abdul Wadood,
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Gupta P, Rani V. The Surging Mechanistic Role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in Human Pathologies: A Potential Approach for Herbal Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1046-1054. [PMID: 37861036 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501247616231009065415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in biological sciences revealed the significant role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key cell surface receptor in various human pathologies. ACE2 is a metalloproteinase that not only functions in the regulation of Angiotensin II but also possesses some non-catalytic roles in the human body. There is considerable uncertainty regarding its protein expression, despite its presence in virtually all organs. The level of ACE2 expression and its subcellular localisation in humans may be a key determinant of susceptibility to various infections, symptoms, and outcomes of numerous diseases. Therefore, we summarize the distribution and expression pattern of ACE2 in different cell types related to all major human tissues and organs. Moreover, this review constitutes accumulated evidences of the important resources for further studies on ACE2 Inhibitory capacity via different natural compounds in order to understand its mechanism as the potential drug target in disease pathophysiology and to aid in the development of an effective therapeutic approach towards the various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Gupta
- Transcriptome laboratory, Centre of Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Transcriptome laboratory, Centre of Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rakshit M, Muduli S, Srivastav PP, Mishra S. Pomegranate peel polyphenols prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by in-silico docking and molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12917-12931. [PMID: 34569409 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1979427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel, the waste product generated from pomegranate fruit, has prophylactic properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-malarial, and controls respiratory infections and influenza. Based on the previous literature and need of the hour, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of major pomegranate peel polyphenols against COVID-19. Among the 44 studied compounds, 37 polyphenols show interaction with the catalytic dyad of the Mpro protease and 18 polyphenols have a higher binding affinity than that of the Mpro protease inhibitor (N3), indicating their high probability of binding at ACE2: SARS-CoV-2 interface. Furthermore, several polyphenols studied in this work are found to have higher binding affinity as compared to those of hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, nelfinavir, and curcumin, some of which have been earlier tested against COVID-19. Further, molecular dynamics simulations (200 ns) for Mpro-polyphenols including pelargonidin3-glucoside, quercetin3-O-rhamnoside, cyanidin3-glucoside and punicalin revealed highly stable complexes with less conformational fluctuations and similar degree of compactness. Estimation of total number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and binding free energy confirmed the stability of these Mpro-polyphenol complexes over Mpro-curcumin complex. Based on the greater binding affinity of polyphenols of pomegranate peel towards Mpro as compared to that of curcumin, pomegranate peel may be considered in any herbal medicinal formulation or may be incorporated into daily diets for prevention of COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulekha Rakshit
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sunita Muduli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.,Centre for Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Ghosh S, Bhattacherjee D, Satpati P, Bhabak KP. Venetoclax: a promising repurposed drug against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12088-12099. [PMID: 34424151 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1967786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Global health care emergency caused by a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2) demands urgent need to repurpose the approved pharmaceutical drugs. Main protease, Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 draws significant attention as a drug target. Herein, we have screened FDA approved organosulfur drugs (till 2016) and our laboratory synthesized organosulfur and organoselenium compounds (L1-L306) against Mpro-apo using docking followed by classical MD simulations. Additionally, a series of compounds (L307-L364) were chosen from previous experimental studies, which were reported to exhibit inhibitory potentials towards Mpro. We found several organosulfur drugs, particularly Venetoclax (FDA approved organosulfur drug for Leukemia) to be a high-affinity binders to the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. The results reveal that organosulfur compounds including Venetoclax preferentially bind (non-covalently) to the non-catalytic pocket of the protein located in the dimer interface. We found that the ligand binding is primarily favoured by ligand-protein van der Waals interaction and penalized by desolvation effect. Interestingly, Venetoclax binding alters the local flexibility of Mpro and exerts pronounced effect in the C-terminal as well as two loop regions (Loop-A and Loop-B) that play important roles in catalysis. These findings highlighted the importance of drug repurposing and explored the non-catalytic pockets of Mpro in combating COVID-19 infection in addition to the importance of catalytic binding pocket of the protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Debojit Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.,Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Priyadarshi Satpati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Krishna Pada Bhabak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.,Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Trivedi A, Ahmad R, Siddiqui S, Misra A, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Ahamad T, Khan MF, Siddiqi Z, Afrin G, Gupta A, Upadhyay S, Husain I, Ahmad B, Mehrotra S, Kant S. Prophylactic and therapeutic potential of selected immunomodulatory agents from Ayurveda against coronaviruses amidst the current formidable scenario: an in silico analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9648-9700. [PMID: 34243689 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1932601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently a dearth of specific therapies to treat respiratory infections caused by the three related species of coronaviruses viz. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Prevention from disease is currently the safest and most convenient alternative available. The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effect of fifteen phytoconstituents from medicinal plants of Ayurveda against coronaviruses by in silico screening. All the phytoconstituents exhibited rapid GI absorption and bioavailability and most of them had no toxicity versus reference drug chloroquine. BAS analyses revealed that most of the phytocomponents had favorable bioactivity scores towards biological target proteins. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the phytoconstituents fell close to chloroquine in 3D projection of chemical space. Affinity of phytoconstituents towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-human ACE2 complex decreased as isomeldenin > tinosporaside > EGCG whereas in case of unbound ACE2, the strength of binding followed the order isomeldenin > tinosporaside > ellagic acid. Towards SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like proteases, the affinity decreased as isomeldenin > EGCG > tinosporaside and EGCG > tinosporaside > isomeldenin, respectively. Most phytoconstituents displayed significant binding kinetics to the selected protein targets than chloroquine. SAR analysis revealed that isomeldenin, tinosporaside, EGCG and ellagic acid bind to viral spike glycoproteins via H-bond, Pi-Pi, Pi-sigma and Pi-alkyl type interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation of isomeldenin and EGCG with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins exhibited low deviations throughout the 100 ns simulation indicating good stability and compactness of the protein-ligand complexes. Thus, the above four phytoconstituents have the potential to emerge as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against coronaviruses if investigated further in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gazala Afrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivbrat Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishrat Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Research Cell, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Mehrotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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The Development of Pharmacophore Models for the Search of New Natural Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD-ACE2 Binding Interface. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248938. [PMID: 36558067 PMCID: PMC9788546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, some succeeding variants of SARS-CoV-2 have become more contagious. This virus is known to enter human cells by binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the latter being a membrane protein that regulates the renin-angiotensin system. Since the host cell receptor plays a critical role in viral entry, inhibition of the RBD-ACE2 complex is a promising strategy for preventing COVID-19 infection. In the present communication, we propose and utilize an approach based on the generation of a complex of pharmacophore models and subsequent Induced Fit Docking (IFD) to identify potential inhibitors of the main binding sites of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 RBD(S1)-ACE2 complex (PDB ID: 7T9L) among a number of natural products of various types and origins. Several natural compounds have been found to provide a high affinity for the receptor of interest. It is expected that the present results will stimulate further research aimed at the development of specialized drugs against this virus.
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Sharun K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Natesan S, Megawati D, Singh KP, Michalak I, Dhama K. A comprehensive review on pharmacologic agents, immunotherapies and supportive therapeutics for COVID-19. NARRA J 2022; 2:e92. [PMID: 38449903 PMCID: PMC10914132 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected many countries throughout the world. As urgency is a necessity, most efforts have focused on identifying small molecule drugs that can be repurposed for use as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Although several drug candidates have been identified using in silico method and in vitro studies, most of these drugs require the support of in vivo data before they can be considered for clinical trials. Several drugs are considered promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. In addition to the direct-acting antiviral drugs, supportive therapies including traditional Chinese medicine, immunotherapies, immunomodulators, and nutritional therapy could contribute a major role in treating COVID-19 patients. Some of these drugs have already been included in the treatment guidelines, recommendations, and standard operating procedures. In this article, we comprehensively review the approved and potential therapeutic drugs, immune cells-based therapies, immunomodulatory agents/drugs, herbs and plant metabolites, nutritional and dietary for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mohd I. Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Opp to Airforce station HQ, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karam P. Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Torres Neto L, Monteiro MLG, Fernández-Romero J, Teleshova N, Sailer J, Conte Junior CA. Essential oils block cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20639. [PMID: 36450916 PMCID: PMC9709744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to fill a gap in the literature, we aimed to identify the most promising EOs blocking in vitro cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant without conferring human cytotoxicity and provide insights into the influence of their composition on these activities. Twelve EOs were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antiviral and cytotoxicity activities were determined using the cell-based pseudoviral entry with SARS-CoV-2 delta pseudovirus and the XTT assay in HeLa cells expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (HeLa ACE-2), respectively. Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus limon, Pelargonium graveolens, Origanum vulgare, "Illicium verum", and Matricaria recutita showed EC50 lowered or close to 1 µg/mL but also the lowest CC50 (0.20-1.70 µg/mL), except "I. verum" (30.00 µg/mL). Among these, "I. verum", C. limon, P. graveolens and S. aromaticum proved to be promising alternatives for SARS-CoV-2 delta variant inhibition (therapeutic index above 4), which possibly was related to the compounds (E)-anetole, limonene and beta-pinene, citronellol, and eugenol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Torres Neto
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XGraduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N. 149, Bloco A, 5° Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Guerra Monteiro
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XGraduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N. 149, Bloco A, 5° Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ 24220-000 Brazil
| | - José Fernández-Romero
- grid.253205.30000 0004 0387 4272Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street, Science Department Room N699, New York, NY 10007 USA ,grid.250540.60000 0004 0441 8543Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Natalia Teleshova
- grid.250540.60000 0004 0441 8543Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - James Sailer
- grid.250540.60000 0004 0441 8543Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XGraduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N. 149, Bloco A, 5° Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ 24220-000 Brazil ,grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900 Brazil
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Plant Spices as a Source of Antimicrobial Synergic Molecules to Treat Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238210. [PMID: 36500303 PMCID: PMC9737474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the lack of antiviral agents available for human use, while the complexity of the physiological changes caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) imposed the prescription of multidrug pharmacotherapy to treat infected patients. In a significant number of cases, it was necessary to add antibiotics to the prescription to decrease the risk of co-infections, preventing the worsening of the patient's condition. However, the precautionary use of antibiotics corroborated to increase bacterial resistance. Since the development of vaccines for COVID-19, the pandemic scenario has changed, but the development of new antiviral drugs is still a major challenge. Research for new drugs with synergistic activity against virus and resistant bacteria can produce drug leads to be used in the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19 and to fight other viruses and new viral diseases. Following the repurposing approach, plant spices have been searched for antiviral lead compounds, since the toxic effects of plants that are traditionally consumed are already known, speeding up the drug discovery process. The need for effective drugs in the context of viral diseases is discussed in this review, with special focus on plant-based spices with antiviral and antibiotic activity. The activity of plants against resistant bacteria, the diversity of the components present in plant extracts and the synergistic interaction of these metabolites and industrialized antibiotics are discussed, with the aim of contributing to the development of antiviral and antibiotic drugs. A literature search was performed in electronic databases such as Science Direct; SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences); Elsevier, SpringerLink; and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: antiviral plants, antibacterial plants, coronavirus treatment, morbidities and COVID-19, bacterial resistance, resistant antibiotics, hospital-acquired infections, spices of plant origin, coronaviruses and foods, spices with antiviral effect, drug prescriptions and COVID-19, and plant synergism. Articles published in English in the period from 2020 to 2022 and relevant to the topic were used as the main inclusion criteria.
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Elegbeleye JA, Krishnamoorthy S, Bamidele OP, Adeyanju AA, Adebowale OJ, Agbemavor WSK. Health-promoting foods and food crops of West-Africa origin: The bioactive compounds and immunomodulating potential. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14331. [PMID: 36448596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The rural communities of the sub-Sahara regions in Africa are rich in diverse indigenous culinary knowledge and foods, food crops, and condiments such as roots/tubers, cereal, legumes/pulses, locust beans, and green leafy vegetables. These food crops are rich in micronutrients and phytochemicals, which have the potentials to address hidden hunger as well as promote health when consumed. Some examples of these are fermented foods such as ogi and plants such as Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Zingiber officinales (garlic), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle), and condiments. Food crops from West Africa contain numerous bioactive substances such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and monoterpenoid chemicals among others. These bioresources have proven biological and pharmacological activities due to diverse mechanisms of action such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant activities which made them suitable as candidates for nutraceuticals and pharma foods. This review seeks to explore the different processes such as fermentation applied during food preparation and food crops of West-African origin with health-promoting benefits. The different bioactive compounds present in such food or food crops are discussed extensively as well as the diverse application, especially regarding respiratory diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The plants and herbs summarized here are more easily accessible and affordable by therapists and others having a passion for promising medicinal properties of African-origin plants.The mechanisms and unique metabolic potentials of African food crops discussed in this article will promote their applicability as a template molecule for novel drug discoveries in treatment strategies for emerging diseases. This compilation of antiviral plants will help clinicians and researchers bring new preventive strategies in combating COVID-19 like viral diseases, ultimately saving millions of affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Technology Dissemination, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Adeyemi A Adeyanju
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | - Wisdom Selorm Kofi Agbemavor
- Radiation Technology Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon Accra, Ghana
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Bazaraliyeva A, Moldashov D, Turgumbayeva A, Kartbayeva E, Kalykova A, Sarsenova L, Issayeva R. Chemical and biological properties of bio-active compounds from garlic (Allium sativum). PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.93.e93604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the oldest cultivated plants. It has been used as a spice, food, and folk medicine for many years. Garlic contains about 2000 biologically active components. For centuries, scientists have obtained a variety of compositions and physiological activities of garlic, depending on the methods of processing and extraction. Many review articles were published, where the object of the study was garlic. But there are very few broad literature reviews where garlic has been fully disclosed as a medicinal raw material. The study found that some garlic products and processing procedures were not standardized or tested for safety. A broad overview of this object can direct the attention of the scientific community in the right direction. This review contains various processing methods and yields from these extracts. In addition, most of the key physiological properties of the active substances of the raw materials are prescribed.
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de Matos PH, da Silva TP, Mansano AB, Gancedo NC, Tonin FS, Pelloso FC, Petruco MV, de Melo EB, Fernandez-Llimos F, Sanches ACC, de Mello JCP, Chierrito D, de Medeiros Araújo DC. Bioactive compounds as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme II inhibitors against COVID-19: a scoping review. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1489-1500. [PMID: 36307652 PMCID: PMC9616414 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and design The current study aimed to summarize the evidence of compounds contained in plant species with the ability to block the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-II), through a scoping review. Methods PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were used for the systematic search and a manual search was performed Results Studies included were characterized as in silico. Among the 200 studies retrieved, 139 studies listed after the exclusion of duplicates and 74 were included for the full read. Among them, 32 studies were considered eligible for the qualitative synthesis. The most evaluated class of secondary metabolites was flavonoids with quercetin and curcumin as most actives substances and terpenes (isothymol, limonin, curcumenol, anabsinthin, and artemisinin). Other classes that were also evaluated were alkaloid, saponin, quinone, substances found in essential oils, and primary metabolites as the aminoacid l-tyrosine and the lipidic compound 2-monolinolenin. Conclusion This review suggests the most active substance from each class of metabolites, which presented the strongest affinity to the ACE-II receptor, what contributes as a basis for choosing compounds and directing the further experimental and clinical investigation on the applications these compounds in biotechnological and health processes as in COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00011-022-01642-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique de Matos
- Centro Universitário Ingá-UNINGÁ, Rodovia PR 317, 6114. Parque Industrial, 200, Maringá,, PR, 87035-510, Brazil
| | - Thalita Prates da Silva
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, 5790, Brazil
| | - Amanda Benites Mansano
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, 5790, Brazil
| | - Naiara Cássia Gancedo
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, 5790, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Stumpf Tonin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner 632, Curitiba, Brazil
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Castilho Pelloso
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua General Carneiro, Curitiba, 181, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Borges de Melo
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitário 2069, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Danielly Chierrito
- Centro Universitário Ingá-UNINGÁ, Rodovia PR 317, 6114. Parque Industrial, 200, Maringá,, PR, 87035-510, Brazil
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Palanisamy K, Maiyelvaganan KR, Kamalakannan S, Thilagavathi R, Selvam C, Prakash M. In silico screening of potential antiviral inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhan Palanisamy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - K. Rudharachari Maiyelvaganan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Ramasamy Thilagavathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chelliah Selvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muthuramalingam Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Shekh S, Moi S, Gowd KH. Virtual screening of sulfur compounds of Allium against coronavirus proteases: E-Ajoene is a potential dual protease targeting covalent inhibitor. J Sulphur Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2119086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamasoddin Shekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Smriti Moi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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Mai TC, Tran NT, Mai DT, Ngoc Mai TT, Thuc Duyen NH, Minh An TN, Alam M, Dang CH, Nguyen TD. Supercritical CO 2 assisted extraction of essential oil and naringin from Citrus grandis peel: in vitro antimicrobial activity and docking study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25962-25976. [PMID: 36199614 PMCID: PMC9468803 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds, including essential oils and flavonoids, using organic solvents is a significant environmental concern. In this work, waste C. grandis peel was the ingredient used to extract essential oil and naringin by conducting a supercritical CO2 technique with a two stage process. In the first stage, the extraction with only supercritical CO2 solvent showed a significant enhancement of the d-limonene component, up to 95.66% compared with the hydro-distillation extraction (87.60%). The extraction of naringin using supercritical CO2 and ethanol as a co-solvent was done in the second stage of the process, followed by evaluating in vitro antimicrobial activity of both the essential oil and naringin. The essential oil indicated significant activity against M. catarrhalis (0.25 mg ml-1), S. pyogenes (1.0 mg ml-1), S. pneumoniae (1.0 mg ml-1). Whilst naringin gave good inhibition towards all tested microbial strains with MIC values in the range of 6.25-25.0 μM. In particular, naringin exhibited high antifungal activity against T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum. The molecular docking study also confirmed that d-limonene inhibited bacterium M. catarrhalis well and that naringin possessed potential ligand interactions that proved the inhibition effective against fungi. Molecular dynamics simulations of naringin demonstrated the best docking model using Gromacs during simulation up to 100 ns to explore the stability of the complex naringin and crystal structure of enzyme 2VF5: PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Chi Mai
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 1A, TL29, District 12 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Thinh Tran
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 1A, TL29, District 12 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Tri Mai
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 1A, TL29, District 12 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Ngoc Mai
- Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University 475A Dien Bien phu Street, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hong Thuc Duyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 71420 Vietnam
| | - Tran Nguyen Minh An
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 71420 Vietnam
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University 123 Dongdae-ro Gyeongju-si 780714 Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hien Dang
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 1A, TL29, District 12 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Danh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 1A, TL29, District 12 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
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Bizzoca ME, Leuci S, Mignogna MD, Muzio EL, Caponio VCA, Muzio LL. Natural compounds may contribute in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022; 11:1134-1142. [PMID: 38621001 PMCID: PMC9160299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus pandemic infection is the most important health issue worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a contagious disease characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To date, excluding the possibility of vaccination, against SARS-CoV-2 infection it is possible to act only with supportive care and non-virus-specific treatments in order to improve the patient's symptoms. Pharmaceutical industry is investigating effects of medicinal plants, phytochemical extracts and aromatic herbs to find out natural substances which may act as antiviral drugs. Several studies have revealed how these substances may interfere with the viral life cycle, viral entry, replication, assembly or discharge, as well as virus-specific host targets or stimulating the host immune system, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A natural compound can be used as a prophylaxis by people professionally exposed to the risk of contagion and/or positive patients not in intensive care. The aim of this paper is to perform a narrative review of current literature in order to summarize the most studied natural compounds and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleonora Bizzoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
- C.I.N.B.O. (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia), Chieti 66100, Italy
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Evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of essential oils and aromatic extracts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14230. [PMID: 35987981 PMCID: PMC9392441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and aromatic extracts (oleoresins, absolutes, concretes, resinoids) are often used as food flavorings and constituents of fragrance compositions. The flavor and fragrance industry observed significant growth in the sales of some natural materials during the COVID-19 outbreak. Some companies worldwide are making false claims regarding the effectiveness of their essential oils or blends (or indirectly point toward this conclusion) against coronaviruses, even though the available data on the activity of plant materials against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are very scarce. Our exploratory study aimed to develop pioneering knowledge and provide the first experimental results on the inhibitory properties of hundreds of flavor and fragrance materials against SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like proteases and the antiviral potential of the most active protease inhibitors. As essential oils are volatile products, they could provide an interesting therapeutic strategy for subsidiary inhalation in the long term.
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Allicin Promoted Reducing Effect of Garlic Powder through Acrylamide Formation Stage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162394. [PMID: 36010398 PMCID: PMC9407168 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acrylamide is formed during food heating and is neurotoxic to animals and potentially carcinogenic to humans. It is important to reduce acrylamide content during food processing. Researchers have suggested that garlic powder could reduce acrylamide content, but the key substance and acrylamide reduction pathway of garlic powder was unclear. Methods: The inhibitory effect of garlic powder on acrylamide in asparagine/glucose solution and a fried potato model system were firstly evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of allicin on the amount of produced acrylamide in the asparagine/glucose solution model system and fried potatoes was studied with kinetic analysis. Results: The freeze-dried garlic powder had a higher inhibition rate (41.0%) than oven-dried garlic powder (maximum inhibition rate was 37.3%), and allicin had a 71.3% attribution to the reduction of acrylamide content. Moreover, the inhibition rate of allicin had a nonlinear relationship with the addition level increase. The kinetic analysis indicated that garlic powder and allicin could reduce acrylamide content through the AA formation stage, but not the decomposition stage. Conclusions: Allicin was the key component of garlic powder in reducing acrylamide content during acrylamide formation stage. This research could provide a new method to reduce acrylamide content during food processing and expand the application area of garlic.
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Mudi PK, Mahato RK, Verma H, Panda SJ, Purohit CS, Silakari O, Biswas B. In silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of five-membered heterocycle-substituted benzimidazoles. J Mol Struct 2022; 1261:132869. [PMID: 35340531 PMCID: PMC8934690 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The manuscript deals with cost-effective synthesis, structural characterization and in silico SARS-CoV-2 screening activity of 5-membered heterocycle-substituted benzimidazole derivatives, 1-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (L1), 2-(furan-2-yl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (L2), 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (L3). The benzimidazole compounds were synthesized through a green-synthetic approach by coupling of 5-membered heterocyclic-carboxaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine in water under an aerobic condition. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X-ray structural analysis. The suitable single-crystals of the methyl derivative of L3 were grown as L3' which crystallized in a monoclinic system and the thiophene groups co-existed in a nearly a perpendicular orientation. Further, in silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 proficiency of the synthetic derivatives is evaluated against main protease (Mpro) and non-structural proteins (nsp2 and nsp7) of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis of the ligands (L1-L3) against Mpro and nsp2 and nsp7 for 50 ns reveal that L3 turns out to be the superlative antiviral candidate against Mpro, nsp2 and nsp7 of SARS-CoV-2 as evident from the binding score and stability of the ligand-docked complexes with considerable binding energy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajani Kanta Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, India
| | - Subhra Jyoti Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National School of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Purohit
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National School of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, India
| | - Bhaskar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India,Corresponding author
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Clerbaux LA, Albertini MC, Amigó N, Beronius A, Bezemer GFG, Coecke S, Daskalopoulos EP, del Giudice G, Greco D, Grenga L, Mantovani A, Muñoz A, Omeragic E, Parissis N, Petrillo M, Saarimäki LA, Soares H, Sullivan K, Landesmann B. Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4464. [PMID: 35956081 PMCID: PMC9369763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL., 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 23204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gillina F. G. Bezemer
- Impact Station, 1223 JR Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium;
| | - Elma Omeragic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Laura A. Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
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Bar M, Binduga UE, Szychowski KA. Methods of Isolation of Active Substances from Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) and Its Impact on the Composition and Biological Properties of Garlic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071345. [PMID: 35883836 PMCID: PMC9312217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is widely used in the human diet and in scientific research due to its biological properties. Various factors, e.g., temperature, pressure, extraction method, type of solvent, size, and territorial origin of garlic, affect the amount and type of bioactive compounds obtained from garlic extracts. In turn, the content of bioactive compounds correlates with the biological activity of the extracts. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current state of knowledge of the methods and effectiveness of isolation of active substances from garlic and their impact on the garlic extract composition and, consequently, biological properties. According to the literature, extracts obtained using water as a solvent are mainly responsible for antimicrobial properties, which is related to, inter alia, the high content of allicin. The use of alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, is associated with the outstanding antioxidant power of extracts resulting from the presence of phenolic compounds. In turn, due to the presence of diallyl disulfide and disulfide trisulfide, garlic oil has anticancer potential. Acetone is the most effective organic solvent; however, it is not suitable for immediate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bar
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Urszula E. Binduga
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Konrad A. Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence: or
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Reichling J. Antiviral and Virucidal Properties of Essential Oils and Isolated Compounds - A Scientific Approach. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:587-603. [PMID: 34144626 DOI: 10.1055/a-1382-2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils and isolated essential oil compounds are known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Based on selected articles, this review deals with the potential antiviral and virucidal activities of essential oils and essential oil compounds together with their mechanism of action as well as in silico studies involving viral and host cell-specific target molecules that are indispensable for virus cell adsorption, penetration, and replication. The reported in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the baseline data about the latest findings of essential oils and essential oil compounds antiviral and virucidal effects on enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, taking into account available biochemical and molecular biological tests. The results of many in vitro studies revealed that several essential oils and essential oil compounds from different medicinal and aromatic plants are potent antiviral and virucidal agents that inhibit viral progeny by blocking different steps of the viral infection/replication cycle of DNA and RNA viruses in various host cell lines. Studies in mice infected with viruses causing respiratory diseases showed that different essential oils and essential oil compounds were able to prolong the life of infected animals, reduce virus titers in brain and lung tissues, and significantly inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, some in vitro studies on hydrophilic nano-delivery systems encapsulating essential oils/essential oil compounds exhibited a promising way to improve the chemical stability and enhance the water solubility, bioavailabilty, and antiviral efficacy of essential oils and essential oil compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Reichling
- Formerly Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nath M, Debnath P. Therapeutic role of traditionally used Indian medicinal plants and spices in combating COVID-19 pandemic situation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-20. [PMID: 35773779 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2093793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a big challenge and burning issue to the scientific community and doctors worldwide. Globally, COVID-19 has created a health disaster and adversely affects the economic growth. Although some vaccines have already emerged, no therapeutic medication has yet been approved by FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Traditionally, we have been using different medicinal plants like neem, tulsi, tea, and many spices like garlic, ginger, turmeric, black seed, onion, etc. for the treatment of flu-like diseases. In this paper, we are highlighting the recent research progress in the identification of natural products from the Indian medicinal plants and spices that have potential inhibition properties against SARS-CoV-2. This study will provide an initiative to stimulate further research by providing useful guidance to the medicinal chemists for designing new protease inhibitors effective against SARS-CoV-2 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Nath
- Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, Tripura, India
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A comparative study of lipid oxidation in garlic oil (
Allium sativum
L.): An accelerated oxidation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aleksić A, Stojanović-Radić Z, Harmanus C, Kuijper E, Stojanović P. In vitro anti-clostridial action and potential of the spice herbs essential oils to prevent biofilm formation of hypervirulent Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from hospitalized patients with CDI. Anaerobe 2022; 76:102604. [PMID: 35709937 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile is the most common causative agent of antibiotic-acquired diarrhea in hospitalized patients associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The global epidemic of CDI (Clostridioides difficile infection) began in the early 20th century with the emergence of the hypervirulent and resistant ribotype 027 strains, and requires an urgent search for new therapeutic agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of the three essential oils isolated from spice herbs (wild oregano, garlic and black pepper) against C. difficile clinical isolates belonging to 6 different PCR ribotypes and their potential inhibitory effect on the biofilm production in in vitro conditions. RESULTS Wild oregano essential oil showed strong inhibitory activity in concentrations 0.02-1.25 mg/mL and bactericidal activity in concentrations from 0.08 to 10 mg/mL. Garlic essential oil was effective in the concentration range of 0.02-40 mg/mL, and 0.16 - > 40 mg/mL. MIC and MBC for black pepper oil ranged from 0.04 to 40 mg/mL, and 0.08 - > 40 mg/mL, respectively. All the tested oils reduced in vitro biofilm production, with the best activity of oregano oil. CONCLUSION Essential oils of wild oregano, black pepper and garlic are candidates for adjunctive therapeutics in the treatment of CDI. Oregano oil should certainly be preferred due to the lack of selectivity of action in relation to the ribotype, the strength of the produced biofilm and/or antibiotic-susceptibility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aleksić
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Nis, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Nis, Serbia.
| | - Celine Harmanus
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridioides Difficile, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - EdJ Kuijper
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridioides Difficile, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Predrag Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia; Institute for Public Health Nis, Center of Microbiology, Serbia
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The Activity of Plant-Derived Ren’s Oligopeptides-1 against the Pseudorabies Virus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111341. [PMID: 35681806 PMCID: PMC9179334 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized Ren’s oligopeptides-1 was found to have an antiviral effect in clinical trials, and the purpose of this study was to further demonstrate the antiviral activity of Ren’s oligopeptides-1 against the PRV 152-GFP strain. We used the real-time cell analysis system (RTCA) to detect the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of Ren’s oligopeptides-1. We then applied high content screening (HCS) to detect the antiviral activity of Ren’s oligopeptides-1 against PRV. Meanwhile, the fluorescence signal of the virus was collected in real time and the expression levels of the related genes in the PK15 cells infected with PRV were detected using real-time PCR. At the mRNA level, we discovered that, at a concentration of 6 mg/mL, Ren’s oligopeptides-1 reduced the expression of pseudorabies virus (PRV) genes such as IE180, UL18, UL54, and UL21 at a concentration of 6 mg/mL. We then determined that Ren’s oligopeptides-1 has an EC50 value of 6 mg/mL, and at this level, no cytotoxicity was observed.
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50
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Ghosh R, Badavath VN, Chowdhuri S, Sen A. Identification of Alkaloids from
Terminalia chebula
as Potent SARS‐ CoV‐2 Main Protease Inhibitors: An
In Silico
Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7:e202200055. [PMID: 35600910 PMCID: PMC9111116 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds in medicinal plants are best remedies for different diseases and are important to develop new drugs. This work was dedicated to understand the role of different natural compounds of Terminalia Chebula, a well‐known herbal plant, in the treating of Covid 19. In this article, we have investigated interactions of such natural compounds from Terminalia Chebula with the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS‐CoV‐2, which is a key component for cleavage of viral polyprotein, and an important target for the development of drugs towards COVID‐19. We have performed molecular docking study on 22 different molecules of Terminalia Chebula and proposed that 7 of the natural compounds (triterpenoids and sterols) interacts with a comparable or stronger interactions than the inhibitor N3. Molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) revealed that 7 Mpro‐Terminalia Chebula complexes are stable, conformationally less fluctuated, slightly less compact, and marginally expanded than ligand‐free conformation of Mpro. The intermolecular H‐bonding and detailed MM/PBSA and MM‐GBSA analysis showed Daucosterol interaction to be the most strong, whereas comparable interactions were observed for Arjunetin, Maslinic acid, and Bellericoside. Our study suggested that these natural compounds can act as potent Mpro inhibitors for SARS‐CoV‐2, and may evolve as promising anti‐COVID‐19 drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar India
| | | | - Snehasis Chowdhuri
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar India
| | - Anik Sen
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam 530045 Andhra Pradesh India
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