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Bryson N, Alexander R, Asnis-Alibozek A, Ehlers MD. RE104: Synthesis and Activity of a Novel Serotonergic Psychedelic Prodrug of 4-Hydroxy- N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2386-2395. [PMID: 38758589 PMCID: PMC11191588 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Results from randomized clinical trials of psilocybin in depressive disorders highlight the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelic compounds in mental health disorders. The synthetic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-OH-DiPT) is structurally similar to psilocin but is reported to have a shorter duration (2-3 h) of psychedelic effects, suggesting the potential for psilocybin-like therapeutic activity with reduced clinical resource burden. Here, we describe the preclinical and translational characterization of RE104, a 4-OH-DiPT prodrug comprising a glutarate moiety designed to cleave rapidly in situ and thus provide reasonable bioavailability of the active drug. Plasma concentration of 4-HO-DiPT over time in PK experiments in rats was correlated with head-twitch intensity. The half-life of 4-OH-DiPT was 40 min after subcutaneous administration of RE104 in rats. In a forced swim test, a single dose of RE104 (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced mean immobility time at 1 week compared with vehicle (P < 0.001), confirming translational antidepressant potential. Taken together, these data with RE104 show that the glutarate ester can act as an efficient prodrug strategy for 4-HO-DiPT, a unique short-duration psychedelic with potential in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bryson
- Reunion
Neuroscience, Inc., Toronto, Ontario M5V 2C3, Canada
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2
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Kelly TJ, Bonniwell EM, Mu L, Liu X, Hu Y, Friedman V, Yu H, Su W, McCorvy JD, Liu QS. Psilocybin analog 4-OH-DiPT enhances fear extinction and GABAergic inhibition of principal neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:854-863. [PMID: 37752222 PMCID: PMC10948882 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelics such as psilocybin show great promise for the treatment of depression and PTSD, but their long duration of action poses practical limitations for patient access. 4-OH-DiPT is a fast-acting and shorter-lasting derivative of psilocybin. Here we characterized the pharmacological profile of 4-OH-DiPT and examined its impact on fear extinction learning as well as a potential mechanism of action. First, we profiled 4-OH-DiPT at all 12 human 5-HT GPCRs. 4-OH-DiPT showed strongest agonist activity at all three 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptors with near full agonist activity at 5-HT2A. Notably, 4-OH-DiPT had comparable activity at mouse and human 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptors. In a fear extinction paradigm, 4-OH-DiPT significantly reduced freezing responses to conditioned cues in a dose-dependent manner with a greater potency in female mice than male mice. Female mice that received 4-OH-DiPT before extinction training had reduced avoidance behaviors several days later in the light dark box, elevated plus maze and novelty-suppressed feeding test compared to controls, while male mice did not show significant differences. 4-OH-DiPT produced robust increases in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in basolateral amygdala (BLA) principal neurons and action potential firing in BLA interneurons in a 5-HT2A-dependent manner. RNAscope demonstrates that Htr2a mRNA is expressed predominantly in BLA GABA interneurons, Htr2c mRNA is expressed in both GABA interneurons and principal neurons, while Htr2b mRNA is absent in the BLA. Our findings suggest that 4-OH-DiPT activates BLA interneurons via the 5-HT2A receptor to enhance GABAergic inhibition of BLA principal neurons, which provides a potential mechanism for suppressing learned fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Emma M Bonniwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Lianwei Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Vladislav Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Wantang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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3
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Glatfelter GC, Naeem M, Pham DNK, Golen JA, Chadeayne AR, Manke DR, Baumann MH. Receptor Binding Profiles for Tryptamine Psychedelics and Effects of 4-Propionoxy- N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:567-577. [PMID: 37082754 PMCID: PMC10111620 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) are being sold on recreational drug markets and developed as potential medications for psychedelic-assisted therapies. Many of these tryptamine-based psilocybin analogues produce psychedelic-like effects in rodents and humans primarily by agonist activity at serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A). However, the comprehensive pharmacological target profiles for these compounds compared to psilocybin and its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocin) are unknown. The present study determined the receptor binding profiles of various tryptamine-based psychedelics structurally related to psilocybin across a broad range of potential targets. Specifically, we examined tryptamine psychedelics with different 4-position (hydroxy, acetoxy, propionoxy) and N,N-dialkyl (dimethyl, methyl-ethyl, diethyl, methyl-propyl, ethyl-propyl, diisopropyl, methyl-allyl, diallyl) substitutions. Further, the psilocybin analogue 4-propionoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-PrO-DMT) was administered to mice in experiments measuring head twitch response (HTR), locomotor activity, and body temperature. Overall, the present pharmacological profile screening data show that the tryptamine psychedelics target multiple serotonin receptors, including serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT1A). 4-Acetoxy and 4-propionoxy analogues of 4-hydroxy compounds displayed somewhat weaker binding affinities but similar target profiles across 5-HT receptors and other identified targets. Additionally, differential binding screen profiles were observed with N,N-dialkyl position variations across several non-5-HT receptor targets (i.e., alpha receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, and serotonin transporters), which could impact in vivo pharmacological effects of the compounds. In mouse experiments, 4-PrO-DMT displayed dose-related psilocybin-like effects to produce 5-HT2A-mediated HTR (0.3-3 mg/kg s.c.) as well as 5-HT1A-mediated hypothermia and hypolocomotion (3-30 mg/kg s.c.). Lastly, our data support a growing body of evidence that the 5-HT2A-mediated HTR induced by tryptamine psychedelics is attenuated by 5-HT1A receptor agonist activity at high doses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Glatfelter
- Designer
Drug Research Unit, National Institute on
Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 United States
| | - Marilyn Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Duyen N. K. Pham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - James A. Golen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | | | - David R. Manke
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- Designer
Drug Research Unit, National Institute on
Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 United States
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4
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Kozell LB, Eshleman AJ, Swanson TL, Bloom SH, Wolfrum KM, Schmachtenberg JL, Olson RJ, Janowsky A, Abbas AI. Pharmacologic Activity of Substituted Tryptamines at 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A Receptor (5-HT 2AR), 5-HT 2CR, 5-HT 1AR, and Serotonin Transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 385:62-75. [PMID: 36669875 PMCID: PMC10029822 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances, including synthetic substituted tryptamines, represent a potential public health threat. Additionally, some substituted tryptamines are being studied under medical guidance as potential treatments of psychiatric disorders. Characterizing the basic pharmacology of substituted tryptamines will aid in understanding differences in potential for harm or therapeutic use. Using human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR, and 5HT2CR, respectively) or the serotonin transporter (SERT), we measured affinities, potencies and efficacies of 21 substituted tryptamines. With the exception of two 4-acetoxy compounds, substituted tryptamines exhibited affinities and potencies less than one micromolar at the 5-HT2AR, the primary target for psychedelic effects. In comparison, half or more exhibited low affinities/potencies at 5-HT2CR, 5-HT1AR, and SERT. Sorting by the ratio of 5-HT2A to 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A, or SERT affinity revealed chemical determinants of selectivity. We found that although 4-substituted compounds exhibited affinities that ranged across a factor of 100, they largely exhibited high selectivity for 5-HT2ARs versus 5-HT1ARs and 5-HT2CRs. 5-substituted compounds exhibited high affinities for 5-HT1ARs, low affinities for 5-HT2CRs, and a range of affinities for 5-HT2ARs, resulting in selectivity for 5-HT2ARs versus 5-HT2CRs but not versus 5-HT1ARs. Additionally, a number of psychedelics bound to SERT, with non-ring-substituted tryptamines most consistently exhibiting binding. Interestingly, substituted tryptamines and known psychedelic standards exhibited a broad range of efficacies, which were lower as a class at 5-HT2ARs compared with 5-HT2CRs and 5-HT1ARs. Conversely, coupling efficiency/amplification ratio was highest at 5-HT2ARs in comparison with 5-HT2CRs and 5-HT1ARs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Synthetic substituted tryptamines represent both potential public health threats and potential treatments of psychiatric disorders. The substituted tryptamines tested differed in affinities, potencies, and efficacies at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A, 5-HT2C, and 5HT1A receptors and the serotonin transporter (SERT). Several compounds were highly selective for and coupled very efficiently downstream of 5-HT2A versus 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, and some bound SERT. This basic pharmacology of substituted tryptamines helps us understand the pharmacologic basis of their potential for harm and as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Kozell
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shelley H Bloom
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine M Wolfrum
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer L Schmachtenberg
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Randall J Olson
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Atheir I Abbas
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., S.H.B., K.M.W., J.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Departments of Psychiatry (L.B.K., A.J.E., T.L.S., A.J., A.I.A.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (L.B.K., R.J.O., A.I.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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5
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Glatfelter GC, Pottie E, Partilla JS, Sherwood AM, Kaylo K, Pham DNK, Naeem M, Sammeta VR, DeBoer S, Golen JA, Hulley EB, Stove CP, Chadeayne AR, Manke DR, Baumann MH. Structure-Activity Relationships for Psilocybin, Baeocystin, Aeruginascin, and Related Analogues to Produce Pharmacological Effects in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1181-1196. [PMID: 36407948 PMCID: PMC9667540 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a naturally occurring tertiary amine found in many mushroom species. Psilocybin is a prodrug for 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocin), which induces psychedelic effects via agonist activity at the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2A). Several other 4-position ring-substituted tryptamines are present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms, including the secondary amine 4-phosphoryloxy-N-methyltryptamine (baeocystin) and the quaternary ammonium 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (aeruginascin), but these compounds are not well studied. Here, we investigated the structure-activity relationships for psilocybin, baeocystin, and aeruginascin, as compared to their 4-acetoxy and 4-hydroxy analogues, using in vitro and in vivo methods. Broad receptor screening using radioligand binding assays in transfected cells revealed that secondary and tertiary tryptamines with either 4-acetoxy or 4-hydroxy substitutions display nanomolar affinity for most human 5-HT receptor subtypes tested, including the 5-HT2A and the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A). The same compounds displayed affinity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A in mouse brain tissue in vitro and exhibited agonist efficacy in assays examining 5-HT2A-mediated calcium mobilization and β-arrestin 2 recruitment. In mouse experiments, only the tertiary amines psilocin, psilocybin, and 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilacetin) induced head twitch responses (ED50 0.11-0.29 mg/kg) indicative of psychedelic-like activity. Head twitches were blocked by 5-HT2A antagonist pretreatment, supporting 5-HT2A involvement. Both secondary and tertiary amines decreased body temperature and locomotor activity at higher doses, the effects of which were blocked by 5-HT1A antagonist pretreatment. Across all assays, the pharmacological effects of 4-acetoxy and 4-hydroxy compounds were similar, and these compounds were more potent than their 4-phosphoryloxy counterparts. Importantly, psilacetin appears to be a prodrug for psilocin that displays substantial serotonin receptor activities of its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Glatfelter
- Designer
Drug Research Unit, National Institute on
Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John S. Partilla
- Designer
Drug Research Unit, National Institute on
Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | | | - Kristi Kaylo
- Usona
Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Duyen N. K. Pham
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Marilyn Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Vamshikrishna Reddy Sammeta
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Stacie DeBoer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - James A. Golen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Elliott B. Hulley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Christophe P. Stove
- Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - David R. Manke
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- Designer
Drug Research Unit, National Institute on
Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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6
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Zhai W, Li L, Zhao J, Xiang P, Liu M, Shi Y, Dang Y. Tentative identification of in vitro metabolites of O-acetylpsilocin (psilacetin, 4-AcO-DMT) by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1300-1309. [PMID: 35312166 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT, psilacetin, O-acetylpsilocin) is a synthetic tryptamine with psychedelic properties. Psilacetin may also act as precursor drug of psilocin, similar to psilocybin, but little is known about its metabolism. In this study, the phase I and phase II in vitro metabolism of 4-AcO-DMT was investigated with pooled human liver microsomes, and the reaction mixture was analyzed using liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry. Fifteen metabolites were formed after incubation of pooled human liver microsomes with 4-AcO-DMT (12 phase I metabolites and 3 phase II metabolites). The proposed metabolite structures were based on accurate mass analysis and MS/MS fragmentation patterns. The biotransformations included hydrolysis, hydroxylation, N-demethylation, oxidation, and conjugation with glucuronic acid. The hydrolysis metabolite was the most abundant compound. For the development of new methods for the identification of 4-AcO-DMT consumption, the beta-hydroxylation metabolite of 4-AcO-DMT (M2-1) is recommended as a biomarker. The data reported in this work might be applicable to metabolic transformation of 4-AcO-DMT in vivo and also forensically helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhai
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Zhao
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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7
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Fricke J, Sherwood AM, Halberstadt AL, Kargbo RB, Hoffmeister D. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 5-Methylpsilocybin: A Tryptamine with Potential Psychedelic Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1403-1408. [PMID: 33667102 PMCID: PMC9191645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel analogue of psilocybin was produced by hybrid chemoenzymatic synthesis in sufficient quantity to enable bioassay. Utilizing purified 4-hydroxytryptamine kinase from Psilocybe cubensis, chemically synthesized 5-methylpsilocin (2) was enzymatically phosphorylated to provide 5-methylpsilocybin (1). The zwitterionic product was isolated from the enzymatic step with high purity utilizing a solvent-antisolvent precipitation approach. Subsequently, 1 was tested for psychedelic-like activity using the mouse head-twitch response assay, which indicated activity that was more potent than the psychedelic dimethyltryptamine, but less potent than that of psilocybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Fricke
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans-Knöll-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Adam L Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0804, United States
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, United States
| | | | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans-Knöll-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Olson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center
for Neuroscience, University of California,
Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, California 95618, United States
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