1
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Yang YJ, Jung YL, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ahn KH. Nitroreductase-Triggered Fluorophore Labeling of Cells and Tissues under Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11318-11325. [PMID: 38940602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Several reductases, including nitroreductase, are upregulated under hypoxic conditions characterized by an oxygen-deficient microenvironment. Given that hypoxia is a prominent feature of solid tumors, our investigation focused on developing a bioconjugative probe designed for staining tissue under hypoxic conditions, particularly activated by nitroreductase. This probe, developed using our trigger-release-bioconjugation system rooted in the ortho-quinone methide chemistry, exhibited selective activation by nitroreductase and fluorophore labeling within mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. As a result, it displayed sustained fluorescence that persisted even after washing steps in cells and tissues. We applied this innovative probe to stain mouse kidney tissue in an acute kidney injury model induced by inadequate oxygen supply. Among various organ tissues examined, only kidney tissue showed significantly higher fluorescence in the injury model compared with the control tissue, as revealed by two-photon microscopic imaging. This research presents a promising avenue for the development of practical staining agents for image-guided tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yun Lim Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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2
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Jung YL, Yang YJ, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ahn KH. Anticancer Prodrug Capable of Mitochondria-Targeting, Light-Triggered Release, and Fluorescence Monitoring. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3991-3996. [PMID: 38835291 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating the adverse effects of anticancer agents requires innovative prodrug engineering. In this study, we showcase the potential of our o-quinone methide-based trigger-release-conjugation platform as a versatile tool for constructing advanced prodrug systems. Using this platform, we achieved the light-triggered release of an anticancer drug mechlorethamine, targeting mitochondrial DNA. The entire process was adeptly tracked through the emission of fluorescence signals, revealing notable effects across various cancer cell lines compared to a normal cell line. Exploring alternative cancer-associated triggers, including enzymes, and incorporating cancer/tumor-specific targeting elements could lead to effective prodrugs with reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lim Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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3
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Rasheed PA, Ankitha M, Pillai VK, Alwarappan S. Graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16001-16023. [PMID: 38765479 PMCID: PMC11099990 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are low dimensional carbon based materials with interesting physical, chemical and biological properties that enable their applications in numerous fields. GQDs possess unique electronic structures that impart special functional attributes such as tunable optical/electrical properties in addition to heteroatom-doping and more importantly a propensity for surface functionalization for applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Herein, we review the recent advancements in the top-down and bottom-up approaches for the synthesis of GQDs. Following this, we present a detailed review of the various surface properties of GQDs and their applications in bioimaging and biosensing. GQDs have been used for fluorescence imaging for visualizing tumours and monitoring the therapeutic responses in addition to magnetic resonance imaging applications. Similarly, the photoluminescence based biosensing applications of GQDs for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, micro RNA, DNA, horse radish peroxidase, heavy metal ions, negatively charged ions, cardiac troponin, etc. are discussed in this review. Finally, we conclude the review with a discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Menon Ankitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Vijayamohanan K Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Rami Reddy Nagar Mangalam Tirupati AP 517507 India
| | - Subbiah Alwarappan
- Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 Tamilnadu India
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4
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Huang D, Tan Y, Tang J, He K, Zhou Y, Liu J. Transcytosis-Based Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316900. [PMID: 38258485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Transcytosis-based tubular reabsorption of endogenous proteins is a well-known energy-saving pathway that prevents nutrient loss. However, utilization of this well-known reabsorption pathway for the delivery of exogenous nanodrugs remains a challenge. In this study, using the surface mimic strategy of a specific PEPT1/2-targeted Gly-Sar peptide as a ligand, renal-clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) were developed as protein mimics to investigate the transcytosis-based tubular reabsorption of exogenous substances. By regulating the influential factors (H+ content in tubular lumens and PEPT1/2 transporter counts in tubular cells) of Gly-Sar-mediated transcytosis, the specific and efficient interaction between P-AuNPs and renal tubular cells was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Efficient transcellular transportation significantly guided the reabsorption of P-AuNPs back into the bloodstream, which enhanced the blood concentration and bioavailability of nanoparticles, contributing to high-contrast tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology., Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology., Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology., Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kui He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology., Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology., Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology., Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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5
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Morsby JJ, Zhang Z, Burchett A, Datta M, Smith BD. Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for nitroreductase activity enables 3D imaging of hypoxic cells within intact tumor spheroids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3633-3639. [PMID: 38455008 PMCID: PMC10915858 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular probes that report nitroreductase activity have promise as imaging tools to elucidate the biology of hypoxic cells and report the past hypoxic history of biomedical tissue. This study describes the synthesis and validation of a "first-in-class" ratiometric, hydrophilic near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe for imaging hypoxia-induced nitroreductase activity in 2D cell culture monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. The probe's molecular structure is charge-balanced and the change in ratiometric signal is based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from a deep-red, pentamethine cyanine donor dye (Cy5, emits ∼660 nm) to a linked near-infrared, heptamethine cyanine acceptor dye (Cy7, emits ∼780 nm). Enzymatic reduction of a 4-nitrobenzyl group on the Cy7 component induces a large increase in Cy7/Cy5 fluorescence ratio. The deep penetration of near-infrared light enables 3D optical sectioning of intact tumor spheroids, and visualization of individual hypoxic cells (i.e., cells with raised Cy7/Cy5 ratio) as a new way to study tumor spheroids. Beyond preclinical imaging, the near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe has high potential for ratiometric imaging of hypoxic tissue in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeala J Morsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame 145 Multidisciplinary Engineering Research Building, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame 145 Multidisciplinary Engineering Research Building, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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6
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Fu Q, Yang X, Wang M, Zhu K, Wang Y, Song J. Activatable Probes for Ratiometric Imaging of Endogenous Biomarkers In Vivo. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3916-3968. [PMID: 38258800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic variations in the concentration and abnormal distribution of endogenous biomarkers are strongly associated with multiple physiological and pathological states. Therefore, it is crucial to design imaging systems capable of real-time detection of dynamic changes in biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Recently, ratiometric imaging has emerged as a widely used technique for sensing and imaging of biomarkers due to its advantage of circumventing the limitations inherent to conventional intensity-dependent signal readout methods while also providing built-in self-calibration for signal correction. Here, the recent progress of ratiometric probes and their applications in sensing and imaging of biomarkers are outlined. Ratiometric probes are classified according to their imaging mechanisms, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging, ratiometric optical imaging including photoluminescence imaging and self-luminescence imaging, ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-modal ratiometric imaging are discussed. The applications of ratiometric probes in the sensing and imaging of biomarkers such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), gas molecules, enzymes, metal ions, and hypoxia are discussed in detail. Additionally, this Review presents an overview of challenges faced in this field along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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7
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Zhang H, Xiang FF, Liu YZ, Chen YJ, Zhou DH, Liu YH, Chen SY, Yu XQ, Li K. Molecular Engineering of Sulfone-Xanthone Chromophore for Enhanced Fluorescence Navigation. JACS AU 2023; 3:3462-3472. [PMID: 38155649 PMCID: PMC10751763 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Enriching the palette of high-performance fluorescent dyes is vital to support the frontier of biomedical imaging. Although various rhodamine skeletons remain the premier type of small-molecule fluorophores due to the apparent high brightness and flexible modifiability, they still suffer from the inherent defect of small Stokes shift due to the nonideal fluorescence imaging signal-to-background ratio. Especially, the rising class of fluorescent dyes, sulfone-substituted xanthone, exhibits great potential, but low chemical stability is also pointed out as the problem. Molecular engineering of sulfone-xanthone to obtain a large Stokes shift and high stability is highly desired, but it is still scarce. Herein, we present the combination modification method for optimizing the performance of sulfone-xanthone. These redesigned fluorescent skeletons owned greatly improved stability and Stokes shift compared with the parent sulfone-rhodamine. To the proof of bioimaging capacity, annexin protein-targeted peptide LS301 was introduced to the most promising dyes, J-S-ARh, to form the tumor-targeted fluorescent probe, J-S-LS301. The resulting probe, J-S-LS301, can be an outstanding fluorescence tool for the orthotopic transplantation tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging and on-site pathological analysis. In summary, the combination method could serve as a basis for rational optimization of sulfone-xanthone. Overall, the chemistry reported here broadens the scope of accessible sulfone-xanthone functionality and, in turn, enables to facilitate the translation of biomedical research toward the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- Department
of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, No. 37, Guoxue
Street, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fan Xiang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhao Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jin Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ding-Heng Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Yong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- Asymmetric
Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,
Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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8
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Xu Y, Hu B, Cui Y, Li L, Nian F, Zhang Z, Wang W. A highly selective ratio-metric fluorescent sensor for visualizing nitroreductase in hypoxic cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:83-86. [PMID: 38018699 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a novel single-molecular probe (NORP) for selective and accurate determination of NTR in living cells. It was discovered that up-regulation of endogenous NTR occurred in response to hypoxic stimulation, and there was a dependence between the NTR levels and the degree of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agriculture University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agriculture University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Yanjun Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agriculture University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agriculture University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Fang Nian
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agriculture University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agriculture University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Wenting Wang
- College of Life and Health, Wuhan Vocational College of Software and Engineering, Wuhan 430205, China
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9
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Bai W, Li Y, Zhao L, Li R, Geng J, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Wang J. Rational design of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging lysosomal nitroreductase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123032. [PMID: 37356386 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Overexpressed nitroreductase (NTR) is often utilized to evaluate the hypoxic degree in tumor tissues, thus it is of great importance to develop high selective and efficient optical method to detect NTR. The dynamic fusion and function of lysosome promoted us to explore the possible appearance of NTR inside this organelle and to probe its behavior in a cellular context. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on an extended π-π conjugation of a triphenylamine unit was designed for NTR detection and lysosomes imaging. The dual-emission mechanism of the probe in the presence of catalytic NTR was confirmed by theoretical study. The structure-function relationship between probe and NTR was revealed by docking calculations, suggesting a suitable structural and spatial match of them. The photophysical studies showed the probe had high selectivity, rapid response and a wide pH range towards NTR. MTT assay indicated the probe had low cytotoxicity in both normal (HUVEC) and tumor (MCF-7) cells. Furthermore, the inverse fluorescent imaging results confirmed the probe was NTR-active and exhibited time- and concentration-dependent fluorescence signals. In addition, the relatively high Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.99 in HepG2 and 0.97 in MCF-7 cells, compared to Lyso-Tracker Red) demonstrated the probe had excellent lysosomes colocalization. This study illustrates a ratiometric detection of NTR agent for lysosomes fluorescent imaging, which may provide a novel insight in molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Bai
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahou Geng
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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10
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Sarkar S, Shil A, Maity S, Jung YL, Dai M, Acharya A, Ahn KH. A General Strategy Toward pH-Resistant Phenolic Fluorophores for High-Fidelity Sensing and Bioimaging Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311168. [PMID: 37700529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aryl alcohol-type or phenolic fluorophores offer diverse opportunities for developing bioimaging agents and fluorescence probes. Due to the inherently acidic hydroxyl functionality, phenolic fluorophores provide pH-dependent emission signals. Therefore, except for developing pH probes, the pH-dependent nature of phenolic fluorophores should be considered in bioimaging applications but has been neglected. Here we show that a simple structural remedy converts conventional phenolic fluorophores into pH-resistant derivatives, which also offer "medium-resistant" emission properties. The structural modification involves a single-step introduction of a hydrogen-bonding acceptor such as morpholine nearby the phenolic hydroxyl group, which also leads to emission bathochromic shift, increased Stokes shift, enhanced photo-stability and stronger emission for several dyes. The strategy greatly expands the current fluorophores' repertoire for reliable bioimaging applications, as demonstrated here with ratiometric imaging of cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Yun Lim Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingchong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Acharya
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Singh AK, Mengji R, Nair AV, Shah SS, Avijit J, Singh NDP. Photoactivable AIEgen-based Lipid-Droplet-Specific Drug Delivery Model for Live Cell Imaging and Two-Photon Light-Triggered Anticancer Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4372-4382. [PMID: 37791981 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic complex organelles involved in various physiological processes, and their number and activity are linked to multiple diseases, including cancer. In this study, we have developed LD-specific near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on chalcone derivatives for cancer treatment. The reported nano-DDSs localized inside the cancer microenvironment of LDs, and upon exposure to light, they delivered the anticancer drug valproic acid in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. The developed systems, namely, 2'-hydroxyacetophenone-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-valproic (HA-DAB-VPA) and 2'-hydroxyacetophenone-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde-valproic (HA-DPB-VPA) ester conjugates, required only two simple synthetic steps. Our reported DDSs exhibited interesting properties such as excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena, which provided advantages such as AIE-initiated photorelease and ESIPT-enhanced rate of photorelease upon exposure to one- or two-photon light. Further, colocalization studies of the nano-DDSs by employing two cancerous cell lines (MCF-7 cell line and CT-26 cell line) and one normal cell line (HEK cell line) revealed LD concentration-dependent enhanced fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, systematic investigations of both the nano-DDSs in the presence and absence of oleic acid inside the cells revealed that nano-DDS HA-DPB-VPA accumulated more selectively in the LDs. This unique selectivity by the nano-DDS HA-DPB-VPA toward the LDs is due to the hydrophobic nature of the diphenylaminobenzaldehyde (mimicking the LD core), which significantly leads to the aggregation and ESIPT (at 90% volume of fw, ΦF = 20.4% and in oleic acid ΦF = 24.6%), respectively. Significantly, we used this as a light-triggered anticancer drug delivery model to take advantage of the high selectivity and accumulation of the nano-DDS HA-DPB-VPA inside the LDs. Hence, these findings give a prototype for designing drug delivery models for monitoring LD-related intracellular activities and significantly triggering the release of LD-specific drugs in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Mengji
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Sheriff Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Jana Avijit
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Photochemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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12
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Yan J, Wang K, Gui L, Liu X, Ji Y, Lin J, Luo M, Xu H, Lv J, Tan F, Lin L, Yuan Z. Diagnosing Orthotopic Lung Tumor Using a NTR-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe by Tracheal Inhalation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14402-14412. [PMID: 37698361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) is an enzyme that is upregulated under tumor-depleted oxygen conditions. The majority of studies have been conducted on NTR, but many existing fluorescent imaging tools for monitoring NTR inevitably suffer from weak targeting, low sensitivity, and simple tumor models. Research on diagnosing lung tumors has been very popular in recent years, but targeting assays in orthotopic lung tumors is still of great research value, as such models better mimic the reality of cancer in the organism. Here, we developed a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe IR-ABS that jointly targets NTR and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). IR-ABS has excellent sensitivity and selectivity and shows exceptional NTR response in spectroscopic tests. The measurements ensured that this probe has good biosafety in both cells and mice. A better NTR response was found in hypoxic tumor cells at the cellular level, distinguishing tumor cells from normal cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IR-ABS achieves a hypoxic response at the zebrafish level and enables rapid and accurate tumor margin distinguishment in different mouse tumor models. More importantly, we successfully applied IR-ABS for NTR detection in orthotopic lung tumor models, further combined with tracheal inhalation drug delivery to improve targeting. To the best of our knowledge, we present for the first time a near-infrared imaging method for targeting lung cancerous tumor in situ via tracheal inhalation drug delivery, in contrast to the reported literature. This NIR fluorescence diagnostic strategy for targeting orthotopic lung cancer holds exciting potential for clinical aid in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijuan Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingxuan Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Third Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, 650000 Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Liangting Lin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China
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13
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Dai M, Yang YJ, Sarkar S, Ahn KH. Strategies to convert organic fluorophores into red/near-infrared emitting analogues and their utilization in bioimaging probes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6344-6358. [PMID: 37608780 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores aided by current microscopy imaging modalities are essential for studying biological systems. Recently, red/near-infrared emitting fluorophores have attracted great research efforts, as they enable bioimaging applications with reduced autofluorescence interference and light scattering, two significant obstacles for deep-tissue imaging, as well as reduced photodamage and photobleaching. Herein, we analyzed the current strategies to convert key organic fluorophores bearing xanthene, coumarin, and naphthalene cores into longer wavelength-emitting derivatives by focussing on their effectiveness and limitations. Together, we introduced typical examples of how such fluorophores can be used to develop molecular probes for biological analytes, along with key sensing features. Finally, we listed several critical issues to be considered in developing new fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
- CEDAR, Knight Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA.
| | - Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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14
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Afshari MJ, Cheng X, Duan G, Duan R, Wu S, Zeng J, Gu Z, Gao M. Vision for Ratiometric Nanoprobes: In Vivo Noninvasive Visualization and Readout of Physiological Hallmarks. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7109-7134. [PMID: 37036400 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lesion areas are distinguished from normal tissues surrounding them by distinct physiological characteristics. These features serve as biological hallmarks with which targeted biomedical imaging of the lesion sites can be achieved. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to providing smart imaging probes with the capability of visualizing the physiological hallmarks at the molecular level, the majority of them are merely able to derive anatomical information from the tissues of interest, and thus are not suitable for taking part in in vivo quantification of the biomarkers. Recent advances in chemical construction of advanced ratiometric nanoprobes (RNPs) have enabled a horizon for quantitatively monitoring the biological abnormalities in vivo. In contrast to the conventional probes whose dependency of output on single-signal profiles restricts them from taking part in quantitative practices, RNPs are designed to provide information in two channels, affording a self-calibration opportunity to exclude the analyte-independent factors from the outputs and address the issue. Most of the conventional RNPs have encountered several challenges regarding the reliability and sufficiency of the obtained data for high-performance imaging. In this Review, we have summarized the recent progresses in developing highly advanced RNPs with the capabilities of deriving maximized information from the lesion areas of interest as well as adapting themselves to the complex biological systems in order to minimize microenvironmental-induced falsified signals. To provide a better outlook on the current advanced RNPs, nanoprobes based on optical, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging modalities for visualizing a wide range of analytes such as pH, reactive species, and different derivations of amino acids have been included. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the RNPs, the major constituents of the nanosystems and the analyte recognition mechanisms have been introduced. Moreover, the alterations in the values of the ratiometric signal in response to the analyte of interest as well as the time at which the highest value is achieved, have been included for most of RNPs discussed in this Review. Finally, the challenges as well as future perspectives in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Afshari
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaju Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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15
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Lan T, Ji N, Tian QQ, Zhan Y, He W. An edoplasmic reticulum-targeted NIR fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for hypoxia imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122201. [PMID: 36463622 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is closely linked to various diseases, including solid tumors. The level of nitroreductase (NTR) is usually abnormally upregulated in hypoxic conditions, which can be a biomarker of hypoxia. Herein, the first endoplasmic reticulum-targeting NIR fluorescent probe, ISO-NTR, was developed for highly selective and sensitive detection of NTR. It shows a large Stokes shift (185 nm) and a 5-fold increases in fluorescence intensity. Meanwhile, the ISO-NTR probe with a dicyanoisophorone derivative has excellent endoplasmic reticulum targeting in living systems with high Pearson's correlation coefficients (Rr = 0.9489). Molecular docking calculations and high binding energy between the probe and NTR (-10.78 kcal·mol-1) may explain the high selectivity of ISO-NTR. Additionally, it has been successfully applied to NTR imaging in vitro and vivo due to its good sensitivity, high selectivity and large Stokes shift, which may provide an effective method for studying the physiological and pathological functions of NTR in living systems. This probe could be developed as a potential imaging tool to further explore the pathogenesis of hypoxia-related diseases in endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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16
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Bu Y, Wang H, Deng Y, Zhong F, Yu ZP, Zhu X, Zhou H. Photo-Activated Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator for Real-Time and Visual Detection of Plasma Membrane Homeostasis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1838-1846. [PMID: 36626816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of an activated ratiometric indicator that is specific to plasma membrane (PM) viscosity exhibits great application prospects in disease diagnosis and treatment but remains a great challenge. Herein, a photo-activated fluorescent probe (CQ-IC) was designed and prepared tactfully, which could analyze and real-time monitor the microenvironmental homeostasis of the PM based on a two-channel ratiometric imaging model. Interestingly, upon light irradiation, CQ-IC generates reactive oxygen species and thus increases the cellular viscosity, which increases two emission peaks at 480 and 610 nm. This work would propose a new strategy to sensor PM homeostasis and effectively guide the treatment of viscosity-related diseases among various physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcui Bu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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17
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Wang S, Zhang XF, Wang HS, Liu J, Shen SL, Cao XQ. A highly sensitive NIR fluorescence probe for hypoxia imaging in cells and ulcerative colitis. Talanta 2023; 252:123834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Shao Y, Xiang L, Zhang W, Chen Y. Responsive shape-shifting nanoarchitectonics and its application in tumor diagnosis and therapy. J Control Release 2022; 352:600-618. [PMID: 36341936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery system has a great application in the treatment of solid tumors by virtue of EPR effect, though its success in clinics is still limited by its poor extravasation, small intratumoral accumulation, and weak tumor penetration. The shape of nanoparticles (NPs) greatly affects their circulation time, flow behavior, intratumoral amassing, cell internalization as well as tumor tissue penetration. Generally, short nanorods and 100-200 nm spherical nanocarriers possess nice circulation behaviors, nanorods and nanofibers with a large aspect ratio (AR) cumulate well at tumor sites, and tiny nanospheres/disks (< 50 nm) and short nanorods with a low AR achieve a favorable tumor tissue penetration. The AR and surface evenness of NPs also tune their cell contact, cell ingestion, and drug accumulation at tumor sites. Therefore, adopting stimulus-responsive shape-switching (namely, shape-shifting nanoarchitectonics) can not only ensure a good circulation and extravasation for NPs, but also and more importantly, promote their amassing, retention, and penetration in tumor tissues to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Here we review the recently developed shape-switching nanoarchitectonics of antitumoral NPs based on stimulus-responsiveness, demonstrate how successful they are in tumor shrinking and elimination, and provide new ideas for the optimization of anticancer nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Shao
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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19
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Zhao C, Liu W, Sun W, Yu H, Sheng Z, Wang J, Jiang Y, Liu Y. Activatable self-assembled organic nanotheranostics: Aspartyl aminopeptidase triggered NIR fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1231:340198. [PMID: 36220284 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy has developed as a powerful method for remedial modalities. The conventional photosensitizers are "always on" state and lack tumor targeting, which contributed to poor therapeutic effect and high toxicity. Therefore, we developed an aspartyl aminopeptidase (DNPEP) activated self-assembled organic nanoparticles (NRh-Asp NPs) with sensitive external irradiation-induced photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). NRh-Asp NPs can be activated to NRh-NH2 NPs by DNPEP, demonstrating strong near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, and efficiently generating heat and singlet oxygen under the near-infrared laser. NRh-Asp NPs was successfully used for visualizing DNPEP in vitro and in vivo in NIR region, and demonstrated good synergistic anti-cancer efficacy of PDT and PTT. These results suggest that DNPEP-mediated NRh-Asp NPs are promising candidates for image-guided phototherapeutic of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wangwang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wanlu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhijia Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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20
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Tang Z, Yan Z, Gong L, Zhang L, Yin X, Sun J, Wu K, Yang W, Fan G, Li Y, Jiang H. Precise Monitoring and Assessing Treatment Response of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Hypoxia with a Nitroreductase-Activated Golgi-Targetable Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14778-14784. [PMID: 36223488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is mostly attributed to an outbreak of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which makes leukocytes infiltrate into the lung and results in lung hypoxia. Nitroreductase (NTR) is significantly upregulated under hypoxia, which is commonly regarded as a potential biomarker for assessing sepsis-induced acute lung hypoxia. Increasing evidence shows that NTR in the Golgi apparatus could be induced in sepsis-induced ALI. Meanwhile, the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor (dimethyloxalylglycine, DMOG) attenuated sepsis-induced ALI through further increasing the level of Golgi NTR by improving hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity, but as yet, no Golgi-targetable probe has been developed for monitoring and assessing treatment response of sepsis-induced ALI. Herein, we report a Golgi-targetable probe, Gol-NTR, for monitoring and assessing treatment response of sepsis-induced ALI through mapping the generation of NTR. The probe displayed high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 54.8 ng/mL and good selectivity to NTR. In addition, due to the excellent characteristics of Golgi-targetable, Gol-NTR was successfully applied in mapping the change of Golgi NTR in cells and zebrafish caused by various stimuli. Most importantly, the production of Golgi NTR in the sepsis-induced ALI and the PHD inhibitor (DMOG) against sepsis-induced ALI were visualized and precisely assessed for the first time with the assistance of Gol-NTR. The results demonstrated the practicability of Gol-NTR for the precise monitoring and assessing of the personalized treatment response of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Tang
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lili Gong
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xuemiao Yin
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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21
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Wan S, Vohs T, Steenwinkel TE, White WR, Lara-Ramirez A, Luck RL, Werner T, Tanasova M, Liu H. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes with Amine-Incorporated Xanthene Platforms for the Detection of Hypoxia. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:10.1021/acsabm.2c00493. [PMID: 35994395 PMCID: PMC9943778 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three fluorescent probes A, B, and C that function in the near-infrared wavelengths and utilize pseudo xanthene platforms with an oxygen atom at the 10-position replaced by a [Me-N]2- group have been created to identify hypoxia via nitroreductase determinations at the 0.04, 0.10, and 0.19 ng/mL levels. Theoretical calculations suggest that the probes are not planar due to steric interactions. Absorptions of photons result in the transition of electron density from the indoline moieties to delocalized orbitals on the anthranilic section, ending up on the nitro groups of the electron-poor (i.e., nonreduced) probes (i.e., A, B, and C), whereas those for the more electron-rich (i.e., reduced) probes consisted of movement from the indoline groups to the right side of the anthranilic sections, resulting in a shift in absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Tara Vohs
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Tessa E Steenwinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Walter Reynolds White
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Adrian Lara-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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22
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Sun Y, Sun P, Li Z, Qu L, Guo W. Natural flavylium-inspired far-red to NIR-II dyes and their applications as fluorescent probes for biomedical sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7170-7205. [PMID: 35866752 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that emit in the far-red (600-700 nm), first near-infrared (NIR-I, 700-900 nm), and second NIR (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) regions possess unique advantages, including low photodamage and deep penetration into biological samples. Notably, NIR-II optical imaging can achieve tissue penetration as deep as 5-20 mm, which is critical for biomedical sensing and clinical applications. Much research has focused on developing far-red to NIR-II dyes to meet the needs of modern biomedicine. Flavylium compounds are natural colorants found in many flowers and fruits. Flavylium-inspired dyes are ideal platforms for constructing fluorescent probes because of their far-red to NIR emissions, high quantum yields, high molar extinction coefficients, and good water solubilities. The synthetic and structural diversities of flavylium dyes also enable NIR-II probe development, which markedly advance the field of NIR-II in vivo imaging. In the last decade, there have been huge developments in flavylium-inspired dyes and their applications as far-red to NIR fluorescent probes for biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the optical properties of representative flavylium dyes, design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and applications as fluorescent probes for detecting and visualizing important biomedical species and events. This review will prompt further research not only on flavylium dyes, but also into all far-red to NIR fluorophores and fluorescent probes. Moreover, this interest will hopefully spillover into applications related to complex biological systems and clinical treatments, ranging in focus from the sub-organelle to whole-animal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Pengjuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Wang J, Jin Y, Li M, Liu S, Lo KKW, Zhao Q. Time-Resolved Luminescent Sensing and Imaging for Enzyme Catalytic Activity Based on Responsive Probes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200429. [PMID: 35819359 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes, as a kind of biomacromolecules, play an important role in many physiological processes and relate directly to various diseases. Developing an efficient detection method for enzyme activity is important to achieve early diagnosis of enzyme-relevant diseases and high throughput screening of potential enzyme-relevant drugs. Time-resolved luminescence assay provide a high accuracy and signal-to-noise ratios detection methods for enzyme activity, which has been widely used in high throughput screening of enzyme-relevant drugs and diagnosis of enzyme-relevant diseases. Inspired by these advantages, various responsive probes based on metal complexes and metal-free organic compounds have been developed for time-resolved bioimaging and biosensing of enzyme activity owing to their long luminescence lifetimes, high quantum yields and photostability. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed metal complex- and metal-free organic compound-based responsive probes applied to detect enzyme activity through time-resolved imaging, including their design strategies and sensing principles. Current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly growing field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Yibiao Jin
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Mingdang Li
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, CHINA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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24
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A benzoindole-based fluorescent probe for nitroreductase imaging in living cells under hypoxia conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Yu C, Wang S, Xu C, Ding Y, Zhang G, Yang N, Wu Q, Xiao Q, Wang L, Fang B, Pu C, Ge J, Gao L, Li L, Yao SQ. Two-Photon Small-Molecule Fluorogenic Probes for Visualizing Endogenous Nitroreductase Activities from Tumor Tissues of a Cancer Patient. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200400. [PMID: 35485404 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR), a common enzymatic biomarker of hypoxia, is widely used to evaluate tumor microenvironments. To date, numerous optical probes have been reported for NTRs detection. Approaches capable of concisely guiding the probe design of NTRs suitable for deep-tissue imaging, however, are still lacking. As such, direct optical imaging of endogenous NTR activities from tumors derived from cancer patients is thus far not possible. Herein, aided by computational calculations, the authors have successfully developed a series of two-photon (TP) small-molecule fluorogenic probes capable of sensitively detecting general NTR activities from various biological samples; by optimizing the distance between the recognition moiety and the reactive site of NTRs from different sources, the authors have discovered and experimentally proven that X4 displays the best performance in both sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, X4 shows excellent TP excited fluorescence properties capable of directly monitoring/imaging endogenous NTR activities from live mammalian cells, growing zebrafish, and tumor-bearing mice. Finally, with an outstanding TP tissue-penetrating imaging property, X4 is used, for the first time, to successfully detect endogenous NTR activities from the liver lysates and cardia tissues of a cancer patient. The work may provide a universal strategy to design novel TP small-molecule enzymatic probes in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Gaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Qicai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen) Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Chibin Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen) Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE Future Technologies) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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26
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Yan L, Yang H, Zhang S, Zhou C, Lei C. A Critical Review on Organic Small Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Carbon Monoxide in Biology. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1792-1806. [PMID: 35238724 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2042670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) is an important intracellular gas messenger that is intimately involved in many physiological and pathological processes. The abnormal concentration of CO in living organisms can cause many diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor CO in biological samples. Fluorescent probe technology provides an effective and convenient method for CO monitoring, with the advantages of high selectivity and sensitivity, fast response time and in situ fluorescence imaging in biological tissues, which is favored by the majority of researchers. In this paper, the research progress of CO fluorescent probes since 2018 is reviewed, and the design, detection mechanism and biological application of the related fluorescent probes are summarized. And the relationship between the structure and performance of the probes is discussed. Furthermore, the development trend and application prospect of CO fluorescent probes are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Lei
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
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27
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Liu Y, Teng L, Yin B, Meng H, Yin X, Huan S, Song G, Zhang XB. Chemical Design of Activatable Photoacoustic Probes for Precise Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6850-6918. [PMID: 35234464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology, a three-dimensional hybrid imaging modality that integrates the advantage of optical and acoustic imaging, has great application prospects in molecular imaging due to its high imaging depth and resolution. To endow PA imaging with the ability for real-time molecular visualization and precise biomedical diagnosis, numerous activatable molecular PA probes which can specifically alter their PA intensities upon reacting with the targets or biological events of interest have been developed. This review highlights the recent developments of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications including molecular detection of the biotargets and imaging of the biological events. First, the generation mechanism of PA signals will be given, followed by a brief introduction to contrast agents used for PA probe design. Then we will particularly summarize the general design principles for the alteration of PA signals and activatable strategies for developing precise PA probes. Furthermore, we will give a detailed discussion of activatable PA probes in molecular detection and biomedical imaging applications in living systems. At last, the current challenges and outlooks of future PA probes will be discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate new ideas to explore the potentials of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lili Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Meng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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28
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Li Z, Yang Y, Yin P, Yang Z, Zhang B, Zhang S, Han B, Lv J, Dong F, Ma H. A New Lipid‐Droplets‐Targeted Fluorescence Probe with Dual‐Reactive Sites for Specific Detection of ClO
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in Living Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Pei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zengming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Shengjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Bingyang Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Fenghao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Hengchang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
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29
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Zheng Y, Yang H, Zhao L, Bai Y, Chen X, Wu K, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Lighting Up Electrochemiluminescence-Inactive Dyes via Grafting Enabled by Intramolecular Resonance Energy Transfer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3296-3302. [PMID: 35143169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to near-zero optical background and photobleaching, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), an optical phenomenon excited by electrochemical reactions, has drawn extensive attention, especially for ultrasensitive bioassays. Developing diverse ECL emitters is crucial to unlocking their multiformity and performances but remains a formidable challenge due to the rigorous requirements for ECL. Herein, we report a general strategy to light up ECL-inactive dyes in an aqueous solution via grafting, a well-developed concept for plant propagation since 500 BCE. As a proof of concept, a series of luminol donor-dye acceptor-based ECL emitters were grafted with near-unity resonance energy transfer (RET) efficiency and coarse/fine-tunable emission wavelengths. Rather than the sophisticated design of new skeleton-based molecules to meet all of the prerequisites for ECL in a constrained manner, each unit in the proposed ECL ensemble performed its functions maximally. As a result, beyond traditional two-dimensional (2D) ones, a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate biosensing system, simultaneously showing a calibration curve and selectivity, was established using the new ECL emitter. This lighting up strategy would generally address the scarcity of ECL emitters and enable unprecedented functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zheng
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhan Bai
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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30
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Xiong J, Wang Y, Jiang X, Liang X, Liang Q. Kinetically Orthogonal Probe for Simultaneous Measurement of H 2S and Nitroreductase: A Refined Method to Predict the Invasiveness of Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1769-1777. [PMID: 35020347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of nitroreductase and H2S have been widely used to predict the invasiveness of tumors. However, the above two substrates always interfere with the measurement of each other as both substrates react with the typical nitroaromatic probe with the same process. Moreover, the above interferences may lead to the misjudgment of the tumor invasiveness. We used a strategy combining kinetical distinguishing and signal amplification to construct a kinetically orthogonal probe labeled KOP. The above strategy expanded the gap between the reactivity of KOP to H2S and nitroreductase with an acceptable reactivity and could determine the concentration of coexisting nitroreductase and H2S on a kinetic curve with a breakpoint. KOP could also indicate the correct invasiveness tendency in the cellular model with a complex H2S generation pathway, while the traditional kinetically nonorthogonal probe could not indicate invasiveness correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xue Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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31
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Das S, Indurthi HK, Asati P, Sharma DK. Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Sensing and Bioimaging of Nitroreductase. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samarpita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Pulkit Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Deepak K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
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32
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Sarkar S, Shil A, Nandy M, Singha S, Reo YJ, Yang YJ, Ahn KH. Rationally Designed Two-Photon Ratiometric Elastase Probe for Investigating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1373-1381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhurima Nandy
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhankar Singha
- Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Ye Jin Reo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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33
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Wickhorst PJ, Ihmels H, Lammert-Baumgartner MM, Müller M, Schönherr H. 9-Nitrobenzo[ b]quinolizinium as a fluorogenic probe for the detection of nitroreductase in vitro and in Escherichia coli. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The non-fluorescent 9-nitrobenzo[b]quinolizinium is readily reduced by nitroreductase to fluorescent reaction products whose formation depends on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jonas Wickhorst
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Melanie Marianne Lammert-Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen 57068, Germany
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34
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Singh AK, Nair AV, Singh NDP. Small Two-Photon Organic Fluorogenic Probes: Sensing and Bioimaging of Cancer Relevant Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2021; 94:177-192. [PMID: 34793114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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35
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Ratiometric two-photon fluorescence probes for sensing, imaging and biomedicine applications at living cell and small animal levels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Yang X, Wang Y, Shang Z, Zhang Z, Chi H, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Meng Q. Quinoline-based fluorescent probe for the detection and monitoring of hypochlorous acid in a rheumatoid arthritis model. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31656-31662. [PMID: 35496887 PMCID: PMC9041640 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06224g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective bioanalytical methods for the visualization of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in situ in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) directly contributes to better understanding the roles of HOCl in this disease. In this work, a new quinoline-based fluorescence probe (HQ) has been developed for the detection and visualization of a HOCl-mediated inflammatory response in a RA model. HQ possesses a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) structure that was designed by conjugating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (electron donor) and 1-ethyl-4-methylquinolinium iodide (electron acceptor) through a C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C double bond. In the presence of HOCl, oxidation of phenol to benzoquinone led to the red-shift (93 nm) of the adsorption and intense quenching of the fluorescence emission. The proposed response reaction mechanism was verified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) titration analysis. The remarkable color changes of the HQ solution from pale yellow to pink enabled the application of HQ-stained chromatography plates for the “naked-eye” detection of HOCl in real-world water samples. HQ featured high selectivity and sensitivity (6.5 nM), fast response time (<25 s) to HOCl, reliability at different pH (3.0 to 11.5) and low cytotoxicity. HQ's application in biological systems was then demonstrated by the monitoring of HOCl-mediated treatment response to RA. This work thus provided a new tool for the detection and imaging of HOCl in inflammatory disorders. A quinoline-based fluorescent probe (HQ) has been designed and synthesized for the monitoring of HOCl-mediated treatment response of a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model and “naked-eye” detection of HOCl in real water samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5929627
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5929627
| | - Zhuye Shang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5929627
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Haijun Chi
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5928002
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5928002
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5929627
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Fan X, Ren T, Yang W, Zhang X, Yuan L. Activatable photoacoustic/fluorescent dual-modal probe for monitoring of drug-induced liver hypoxia in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8644-8647. [PMID: 34369955 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective monitoring of liver hypoxia status is crucial for the detection and treatment of drug-induced liver injury. Here, a novel photoacoustic and fluorescent dual-modal probe (NO2-CS) was rationally developed and applied to image isoniazid-induced liver hypoxia through detecting the over-expressed nitroreductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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Wangngae S, Pewklang T, Chansaenpak K, Ganta P, Worakaensai S, Siwawannapong K, Kluaiphanngam S, Nantapong N, Lai RY, Kamkaew A. A chalcone-based fluorescent responsive probe for selective detection of nitroreductase activity in bacteria. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01794b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new chalcone-based fluorescent turn-on probe (3c) responsive to nitroreductase (NTR) activity and its application toward the detection of bacteria are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Wangngae
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Thitima Pewklang
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- National Nanotechnology Center
- National Science and Technology Development Agency
- Thailand Science Park
- Pathum Thani 12120
- Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Ganta
- School of Preclinical Sciences
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima
- Thailand
| | - Suphanida Worakaensai
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Kittipan Siwawannapong
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Surayut Kluaiphanngam
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Nawarat Nantapong
- School of Preclinical Sciences
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima
- Thailand
| | - Rung-Yi Lai
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
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