1
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Wu Y, Bertran MT, Joshi D, Maslen SL, Hurd C, Walport LJ. Identification of photocrosslinking peptide ligands by mRNA display. Commun Chem 2023; 6:103. [PMID: 37258712 PMCID: PMC10232439 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoaffinity labelling is a promising method for studying protein-ligand interactions. However, obtaining a specific, efficient crosslinker can require significant optimisation. We report a modified mRNA display strategy, photocrosslinking-RaPID (XL-RaPID), and exploit its ability to accelerate the discovery of cyclic peptides that photocrosslink to a target of interest. As a proof of concept, we generated a benzophenone-containing library and applied XL-RaPID screening against a model target, the second bromodomain of BRD3. This crosslinking screening gave two optimal candidates that selectively labelled the target protein in cell lysate. Overall, this work introduces direct photocrosslinking screening as a versatile technique for identifying covalent peptide ligands from mRNA display libraries incorporating reactive warheads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Wu
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - M Teresa Bertran
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Chemical Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sarah L Maslen
- Proteomics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Catherine Hurd
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Crick-GSK Biomedical LinkLabs, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Louise J Walport
- Protein-Protein Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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2
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Mitmoen M, Kedem O. UV- and Visible-Light Photopatterning of Molecular Gradients Using the Thiol-yne Click Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32696-32705. [PMID: 35816695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of chemical coatings is used to control surface interactions with small molecules, biomolecules, nanoparticles, and liquids as well as optical and other properties. Specifically, micropatterned surface coatings have been used in a wide variety of applications, including biosensing, cell growth assays, multiplexed biomolecule interaction arrays, and responsive surfaces. Here, a maskless photopatterning process is studied, using the photocatalyzed thiol-yne "click" reaction to create both binary and gradient patterns on thiolated surfaces. Nearly defect-free patterns are produced by first coating glass surfaces with mercaptopropylsilatrane, a silanizing agent that forms smoother self-assembled monolayers than the commonly used 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Photopatterning is then performed using UV (365 nm) or visible (405 nm) light to graft molecules onto the surface in tunable concentrations based on the local exposure. The technique is demonstrated for multiple types of molecular grafts, including fluorescent dyes, poly(ethylene glycol), and biotin, the latter allowing subsequent deposition of biomolecules via biotin-avidin binding. Patterning is demonstrated in water and dimethylformamide, and the process is repeated to combine molecules soluble in different phases. The combination of arbitrary gradient formation, broad applicability, a low defect rate, and fast prototyping thanks to the maskless nature of the process creates a particularly powerful technique for molecular surface patterning that could be used for a wide variety of micropatterned applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mitmoen
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 1414 W Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Ofer Kedem
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 1414 W Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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3
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Zisis T, Schwarz J, Balles M, Kretschmer M, Nemethova M, Chait R, Hauschild R, Lange J, Guet C, Sixt M, Zahler S. Sequential and Switchable Patterning for Studying Cellular Processes under Spatiotemporal Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35545-35560. [PMID: 34283577 PMCID: PMC9282641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of adhesive molecules on cell culture surfaces to restrict cell adhesion to defined areas and shapes has been vital for the progress of in vitro research. In currently existing patterning methods, a combination of pattern properties such as stability, precision, specificity, high-throughput outcome, and spatiotemporal control is highly desirable but challenging to achieve. Here, we introduce a versatile and high-throughput covalent photoimmobilization technique, comprising a light-dose-dependent patterning step and a subsequent functionalization of the pattern via click chemistry. This two-step process is feasible on arbitrary surfaces and allows for generation of sustainable patterns and gradients. The method is validated in different biological systems by patterning adhesive ligands on cell-repellent surfaces, thereby constraining the growth and migration of cells to the designated areas. We then implement a sequential photopatterning approach by adding a second switchable patterning step, allowing for spatiotemporal control over two distinct surface patterns. As a proof of concept, we reconstruct the dynamics of the tip/stalk cell switch during angiogenesis. Our results show that the spatiotemporal control provided by our "sequential photopatterning" system is essential for mimicking dynamic biological processes and that our innovative approach has great potential for further applications in cell science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Zisis
- Department
of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarz
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- ibidi
GmbH, Am Klopferspitz
19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miriam Balles
- ibidi
GmbH, Am Klopferspitz
19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maibritt Kretschmer
- Department
of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Nemethova
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Remy Chait
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Janina Lange
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Calin Guet
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department
of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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4
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Viola JM, Porter CM, Gupta A, Alibekova M, Prahl LS, Hughes AJ. Guiding Cell Network Assembly using Shape-Morphing Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002195. [PMID: 32578300 PMCID: PMC7950730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Forces and relative movement between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are crucial to the self-organization of tissues during development. However, the spatial range over which these dynamics can be controlled in engineering approaches is limited, impeding progress toward the construction of large, structurally mature tissues. Herein, shape-morphing materials called "kinomorphs" that rationally control the shape and size of multicellular networks are described. Kinomorphs are sheets of ECM that change their shape, size, and density depending on patterns of cell contractility within them. It is shown that these changes can manipulate structure-forming behaviors of epithelial cells in many spatial locations at once. Kinomorphs are built using a new photolithographic technology to pattern single cells into ECM sheets that are >10× larger than previously described. These patterns are designed to partially mimic the branch geometry of the embryonic kidney epithelial network. Origami-inspired simulations are then used to predict changes in kinomorph shapes. Last, kinomorph dynamics are shown to provide a centimeter-scale program that sets specific spatial locations in which ≈50 µm-diameter epithelial tubules form by cell coalescence and structural maturation. The kinomorphs may significantly advance organ-scale tissue construction by extending the spatial range of cell self-organization in emerging model systems such as organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Catherine M Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariia Alibekova
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Louis S Prahl
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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5
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Bañuls MJ, González-Martínez MÁ, Sabek J, García-Rupérez J, Maquieira Á. Thiol-click photochemistry for surface functionalization applied to optical biosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1060:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Jia H, Kai L, Heymann M, García-Soriano DA, Härtel T, Schwille P. Light-Induced Printing of Protein Structures on Membranes in Vitro. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7133-7140. [PMID: 30295028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituting functional modules of biological systems in vitro is an important yet challenging goal of bottom-up synthetic biology, in particular with respect to their precise spatiotemporal regulation. One of the most desirable external control parameters for the engineering of biological systems is visible light, owing to its specificity and ease of defined application in space and time. Here we engineered the PhyB-PIF6 system to spatiotemporally target proteins by light onto model membranes and thus sequentially guide protein pattern formation and structural assembly in vitro from the bottom up. We show that complex micrometer-sized protein patterns can be printed on time scales of seconds, and the pattern density can be precisely controlled by protein concentration, laser power, and activation time. Moreover, when printing self-assembling proteins such as the bacterial cytoskeleton protein FtsZ, the targeted assembly into filaments and large-scale structures such as artificial rings can be accomplished. Thus, light mediated sequential protein assembly in cell-free systems represents a promising approach to hierarchically building up the next level of complexity toward a minimal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Jia
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , D-82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Lei Kai
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , D-82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , D-82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Daniela A García-Soriano
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , D-82152 Martinsried , Germany
- Graduate School for Quantitative Biosciences (QBM) , Ludwig-Maximillians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Tobias Härtel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , D-82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , D-82152 Martinsried , Germany
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7
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A versatile method for the UVA-induced cross-linking of acetophenone- or benzophenone-functionalized DNA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16484. [PMID: 30405165 PMCID: PMC6220319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugation, biosensing, bioimaging, bionanomaterials, etc., are only a few examples of application of functionalized DNA. Since base-modified nucleic acids contribute not only to a broad range of biotechnological fields but also to the understanding of various cellular processes, it is crucial to design novel modifications with unique properties. Here, we demonstrate the utilization of N4-cytidine modified oligonucleotides, which contain reactive acetophenone (AP) or benzophenone (BP) groups, for the UV-induced cross-linking. We find that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 3'-tailing using AP/BP-containing modified nucleotides generates photoactive DNA, suitable for a straightforward covalent cross-linking with both interacting proteins and a variety of well-known solid polymeric supports. Moreover, we show that AP/BP-functionalization of nucleic acid molecules induces an efficient cross-linking upon exposure to UVA light. Our findings reveal that 3'-tailed single-stranded DNA bearing AP/BP-moieties is easily photoimmobilized onto untreated polystyrene, polypropylene, polylactate, polydimethylsiloxane, sol-gel and borosilicate glass substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such immobilized DNA probes can be further used for successful hybridization of complementary DNA targets. Our results establish novel N4-cytosine nucleobase modifications as photoreactive labels and suggest an effortless approach for photoimmobilization of nucleic acids.
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8
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Malytskyi V, Gadenne V, Ksari Y, Patrone L, Raimundo JM. Synthesis and characterization of thiophene-based push-pull chromophores for tuning the electrical and optical properties of surfaces with controlled SAM formation. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Pukenas L, Prompinit P, Nishitha B, Tate DJ, Singh NDP, Wälti C, Evans SD, Bushby RJ. Soft Ultraviolet (UV) Photopatterning and Metallization of Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Formed from the Lipoic Acid Ester of α-Hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene: The Generality of Acid-Catalyzed Removal of Thiol-on-Gold SAMs using Soft UV Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18388-18397. [PMID: 28485941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under a layer of 0.1 M HCl in isopropanol, soft ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) photolysis of the thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from the lipoic acid ester of α-hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene results in the expected removal of the acetylpyrene protecting group. When photolyzing through a mask, this can be used to produce a patterned surface and, at a controlled electrochemical potential, it is then possible to selectively and reversibly electrodeposit copper on the photolyzed regions. Rather surprisingly, under these photolysis conditions, there is not only the expected photodeprotection of the ester but also partial removal of the lipoic acid layer which has been formed. In further studies, it is shown that this type of acid-catalyzed photoremoval of SAM layers by soft UV is a rather general phenomenon and results in the partial removal of the thiol-on-gold SAM layers derived from other ω-thiolated carboxylic acids. However, this phenomenon is chain-length dependent. Under conditions in which there is a ∼60% reduction in the thickness of the SAM derived from dithiobutyric acid, the SAM derived from mercaptoundecanoic acid is almost unaffected. The process by which the shorter-chain SAM layers are partially removed is not fully understood because these compounds do not absorb significantly in the 365 nm region of the spectrum! Significantly, this study shows that acid catalysis photolysis of thiol-on-gold SAMs needs to be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Pukenas
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Panida Prompinit
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency , Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Boda Nishitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Daniel J Tate
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Christoph Wälti
- Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Stephen D Evans
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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10
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Dormán G, Nakamura H, Pulsipher A, Prestwich GD. The Life of Pi Star: Exploring the Exciting and Forbidden Worlds of the Benzophenone Photophore. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15284-15398. [PMID: 27983805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread applications of benzophenone (BP) photochemistry in biological chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and material science have been prominent in both academic and industrial research. BP photophores have unique photochemical properties: upon n-π* excitation at 365 nm, a biradicaloid triplet state is formed reversibly, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from accessible C-H bonds; the radicals subsequently recombine, creating a stable covalent C-C bond. This light-directed covalent attachment process is exploited in many different ways: (i) binding/contact site mapping of ligand (or protein)-protein interactions; (ii) identification of molecular targets and interactome mapping; (iii) proteome profiling; (iv) bioconjugation and site-directed modification of biopolymers; (v) surface grafting and immobilization. BP photochemistry also has many practical advantages, including low reactivity toward water, stability in ambient light, and the convenient excitation at 365 nm. In addition, several BP-containing building blocks and reagents are commercially available. In this review, we explore the "forbidden" (transitions) and excitation-activated world of photoinduced covalent attachment of BP photophores by touring a colorful palette of recent examples. In this exploration, we will see the pros and cons of using BP photophores, and we hope that both novice and expert photolabelers will enjoy and be inspired by the breadth and depth of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Dormán
- Targetex llc , Dunakeszi H-2120, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged , Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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11
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Okano K, Hsu HY, Li YK, Masuhara H. In situ patterning and controlling living cells by utilizing femtosecond laser. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Strale PO, Azioune A, Bugnicourt G, Lecomte Y, Chahid M, Studer V. Multiprotein Printing by Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2024-9. [PMID: 26689426 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced molecular adsorption of proteins (LIMAP) allows for quantitative sub-micrometer-resolution printing of multiple biomolecules. Surface-bound gradients are patterned within minutes over an entire glass cover-slip. LIMAP is used to perform selective immuno-assays, to dynamically control the adhesion of individual cells, and to achieve hierarchical co-cultures instrumental for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Strale
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ammar Azioune
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Université Ali Mendjeli, BP E66, 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ghislain Bugnicourt
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yohan Lecomte
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Makhlad Chahid
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Studer
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
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13
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SATO K, KIKUCHI S, YOSHIDA E, ISHII R, SASAKI N, TSUNODA KI, SATO K. Patterned Co-culture of Live Cells on a Microchip by Photocrosslinking with Benzophenone. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:113-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi SATO
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
| | - Sayaka KIKUCHI
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
| | - Eri YOSHIDA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Reina ISHII
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Naoki SASAKI
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Kin-ichi TSUNODA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
| | - Kae SATO
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
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14
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Banks JM, Harley BAC, Bailey RC. Tunable, Photoreactive Hydrogel System To Probe Synergies between Mechanical and Biomolecular Cues on Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:718-725. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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15
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Benzophenone-based photochemical micropatterning of biomolecules to create model substrates and instructive biomaterials. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 121:231-42. [PMID: 24560513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800281-0.00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and heterogeneous environment that controls many aspects of cell behavior. Not surprisingly, many different approaches have focused on creating model substrates that recapitulate the biomolecular, topographical, and mechanical properties of the ECM for in vitro studies of cell behavior. This chapter details a general, versatile method for the spatially controlled deposition of multiple biomolecules onto both planar and topographically complex support structures with micrometer resolution. This approach is based upon the well-understood photochemical UV crosslinking of benzophenone (BP) to solution-phase biomolecules. This is a molecularly general strategy that can be utilized to immobilize biomolecules onto any surface prefunctionalized with BP. Examples described herein include modification of planar and corrugated glass substrates as well as collagen-glycosaminoglycan biomaterials configured either as highly porous scaffolds or nonporous membranes with a variety of biomolecular targets, including proteins, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates.
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16
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Mozaffari SA, Rahmanian R, Abedi M, Amoli HS. Urea impedimetric biosensor based on reactive RF magnetron sputtered zinc oxide nanoporous transducer. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Alsop AT, Pence JC, Weisgerber DW, Harley BA, Bailey RC. Photopatterning of vascular endothelial growth factor within collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds can induce a spatially confined response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4715-4722. [PMID: 25016280 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular signals within the native extracellular matrix are complex, with bioactive factors found in both soluble and sequestered states. In the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications it is increasingly clear that new approaches are required to locally tailor the biomolecular environment surrounding cells within the matrix. One area of particular focus is strategies to improve the speed or quality of vascular ingrowth and remodeling. While the addition of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to improve vascular response, strategies to immobilize such signals within a biomaterial offer the opportunity to optimize efficiency and to explore spatially defined patterning of such signals. Here we describe the use of benzophenone (BP) photolithography to decorate three-dimensional collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds with VEGF in a spatially defined manner. In this effort we demonstrate functional patterning of a known agonist of vascular remodeling and directly observe phenotypic effects induced by this immobilized cue. VEGF was successfully patterned in both stripes and square motifs across the scaffold with high specificity (on:off pattern signal). The depth of patterning was determined to extend up to 500 μm into the scaffold microstructure. Notably, photopatterned VEGF retained native functionality as it was shown to induce morphological changes in human umbilical vein cells indicative of early vasculogenesis. Immobilized VEGF led to greater cell infiltration into the scaffold and the formation of immature vascular network structures. Ultimately, these results suggest that BP-mediated photolithography is a facile method to spatially control the presentation of instructive biological cues to cells within CG scaffolds.
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Hui JZ, Al Zaki A, Cheng Z, Popik V, Zhang H, Luning Prak ET, Tsourkas A. Facile method for the site-specific, covalent attachment of full-length IgG onto nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3354-63. [PMID: 24729432 PMCID: PMC4142076 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies, most commonly IgGs, have been widely used as targeting ligands in research and therapeutic applications due to their wide array of targets, high specificity and proven efficacy. Many of these applications require antibodies to be conjugated onto surfaces (e.g. nanoparticles and microplates); however, most conventional bioconjugation techniques exhibit low crosslinking efficiencies, reduced functionality due to non-site-specific labeling and random surface orientation, and/or require protein engineering (e.g. cysteine handles), which can be technically challenging. To overcome these limitations, we have recombinantly expressed Protein Z, which binds the Fc region of IgG, with an UV active non-natural amino acid benzoylphenyalanine (BPA) within its binding domain. Upon exposure to long wavelength UV light, the BPA is activated and forms a covalent link between the Protein Z and the bound Fc region of IgG. This technology was combined with expressed protein ligation (EPL), which allowed for the introduction of a fluorophore and click chemistry-compatible azide group onto the C-terminus of Protein Z during the recombinant protein purification step. This enabled the crosslinked-Protein Z-IgG complexes to be efficiently and site-specifically attached to aza-dibenzocyclooctyne-modified nanoparticles, via copper-free click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Zhe Hui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajlan Al Zaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eline T. Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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19
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Banks JM, Mozdzen LC, Harley BAC, Bailey RC. The combined effects of matrix stiffness and growth factor immobilization on the bioactivity and differentiation capabilities of adipose-derived stem cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8951-9. [PMID: 25085859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial designs are increasingly incorporating multiple instructive signals to induce a desired cell response. However, many approaches do not allow orthogonal manipulation of immobilized growth factor signals and matrix stiffness. Further, few methods support patterning of biomolecular signals across a biomaterial in a spatially-selective manner. Here, we report a sequential approach employing carbodiimide crosslinking and benzophenone photoimmobilization chemistries to orthogonally modify the stiffness and immobilized growth factor content of a model collagen-GAG (CG) biomaterial. We subsequently examined the singular and combined effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and CG membrane stiffness on the bioactivity and osteogenic/adipogenic lineage-specific gene expression of adipose derived stem cells, an increasingly popular cell source for regenerative medicine studies. We found that the stiffest substrates direct osteogenic lineage commitment of ASCs regardless of the presence or absence of growth factors, while softer substrates require biochemical cues to direct cell fate. We subsequently describe the use of this approach to create overlapping patterns of growth factors across a single substrate. These results highlight the need for versatile approaches to selectively manipulate the biomaterial microenvironment to identify synergies between biochemical and mechanical cues for a range of regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Banks
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Laura C Mozdzen
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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20
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Lee JH, Domaille DW, Noh H, Oh T, Choi C, Jin S, Cha JN. High-yielding and photolabile approaches to the covalent attachment of biomolecules to surfaces via hydrazone chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8452-8460. [PMID: 24972257 DOI: 10.1021/la500744s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies to couple biomolecules covalently to surfaces is necessary for constructing sensing arrays for biological and biomedical applications. One attractive conjugation reaction is hydrazone formation--the reaction of a hydrazine with an aldehyde or ketone--as both hydrazines and aldehydes/ketones are largely bioorthogonal, which makes this particular reaction suitable for conjugating biomolecules to a variety of substrates. We show that the mild reaction conditions afforded by hydrazone conjugation enable the conjugation of DNA and proteins to the substrate surface in significantly higher yields than can be achieved with traditional bioconjugation techniques, such as maleimide chemistry. Next, we designed and synthesized a photocaged aryl ketone that can be conjugated to a surface and photochemically activated to provide a suitable partner for subsequent hydrazone formation between the surface-anchored ketone and DNA- or protein-hydrazines. Finally, we exploit the latent functionality of the photocaged ketone and pattern multiple biomolecules on the same substrate, effectively demonstrating a strategy for designing substrates with well-defined domains of different biomolecules. We expect that this approach can be extended to the production of multiplexed assays by using an appropriate mask with sequential photoexposure and biomolecule conjugation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder , 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303-1904, United States
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21
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Ericsson EM, Enander K, Bui L, Lundström I, Konradsson P, Liedberg B. Site-specific and covalent attachment of his-tagged proteins by chelation assisted photoimmobilization: a strategy for microarraying of protein ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11687-11694. [PMID: 24007525 DOI: 10.1021/la4011778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for site-specific and covalent attachment of proteins has been developed, intended for robust and controllable immobilization of histidine (His)-tagged ligands in protein microarrays. The method is termed chelation assisted photoimmobilization (CAP) and was demonstrated using human IgG-Fc modified with C-terminal hexahistidines (His-IgGFc) as the ligand and protein A as the analyte. Alkanethiols terminated with either nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), benzophenone (BP), or oligo(ethylene glycol) were synthesized and mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were prepared on gold and thoroughly characterized by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), ellipsometry, and contact angle goniometry. In the process of CAP, NTA chelates Ni(2+) and the complex coordinates the His-tagged ligand in an oriented assembly. The ligand is then photoimmobilized via BP, which forms covalent bonds upon UV light activation. In the development of affinity biosensors and protein microarrays, site-specific attachment of ligands in a fashion where analyte binding sites are available is often preferred to random coupling. Analyte binding performance of ligands immobilized either by CAP or by standard amine coupling was characterized by surface plasmon resonance in combination with IRAS. The relative analyte response with randomly coupled ligand was 2.5 times higher than when site-specific attachment was used. This is a reminder that also when immobilizing ligands via residues far from the binding site, there are many other factors influencing availability and activity. Still, CAP provides a valuable expansion of protein immobilization techniques since it offers attractive microarraying possibilities amenable to applications within proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Ericsson
- Division of Molecular Physics, ‡Division of Organic Chemistry, and §Division of Applied Physics; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Oda H, Onda K, Nakagawa M. Photochemical Grafting Reactions of a Benzophenone-Containing Alkanethiol Monolayer on Au with Deuterated Polystyrene. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Oda
- Polymer·Hybrid Materials Research Center, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University
| | - Ken Onda
- Interactive Research Center of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- JST-PRESTO
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Polymer·Hybrid Materials Research Center, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University
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23
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Pauloehrl T, Welle A, Bruns M, Linkert K, Börner HG, Bastmeyer M, Delaittre G, Barner-Kowollik C. Spatially Controlled Surface Immobilization of Nonmodified Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Pauloehrl T, Welle A, Bruns M, Linkert K, Börner HG, Bastmeyer M, Delaittre G, Barner-Kowollik C. Spatially Controlled Surface Immobilization of Nonmodified Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9714-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Ito Y, Moritsugu N, Matsue T, Mitsukoshi K, Ayame H, Okochi N, Hattori H, Tashiro H, Sato S, Ebisawa M. An automated multiplex specific IgE assay system using a photoimmobilized microarray. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:414-21. [PMID: 22921501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bonani W, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Tan W. Biomolecule gradient in micropatterned nanofibrous scaffold for spatiotemporal release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13675-13687. [PMID: 22950580 PMCID: PMC3648342 DOI: 10.1021/la302386u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlled molecule release from scaffolds can dramatically increase the scaffold ability of directing tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Crucial to the regeneration is precise regulation over release direction and kinetics of multiple molecules (small genes, peptides, or larger proteins). To this end, we developed gradient micropatterns of electrospun nanofibers along the scaffold thickness through programming the deposition of heterogeneous nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA). Confocal images of the scaffolds containing fluorophore-impregnated nanofibers demonstrated close matching of actual and designed gradient fiber patterns; thermal analyses further showed their matching in the composition. Using acid-terminated PLGA (PLGAac) and ester-terminated PLGA (PLGAes) to impregnate molecules in the PCL-PLGA scaffolds, we demonstrated for the first time their differences in nanofiber degeneration and molecular weight change during degradation. PLGAac nanofibers were more stable with gradual and steady increase in the fiber diameter during degradation, resulting in more spatially confined molecule delivery from PCL-PLGA scaffolds. Thus, patterns of PCL-PLGAac nanofibers were used to design versatile controlled delivery scaffolds. To test the hypothesis that molecule-impregnated PLGAac in the gradient-patterned PCL-PLGAac scaffolds can program various modalities of molecule release, model molecules, including small fluorophores and larger proteins, were respectively used for time-lapse release studies. Gradient-patterns were used as building blocks in the scaffolds to program simultaneous release of one or multiple proteins to one side or, respectively, to the opposite sides of scaffolds for up to 50 days. Results showed that the separation efficiency of molecule delivery from all the scaffolds with a thickness of 200 μm achieved >88% for proteins and >82% for small molecules. In addition to versatile spatially controlled delivery, micropatterns were designed to program sequential release of proteins. The hierarchically structured materials presented here may enable development of novel multifunctional scaffolds with defined 3D dynamic microenvironments for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Bonani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Choi I, Yeo WS. Self-Assembled Monolayers with Dynamicity Stemming from (Bio)Chemical Conversions: From Construction to Application. Chemphyschem 2012; 14:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Launiere C, Gaskill M, Czaplewski G, Myung JH, Hong S, Eddington DT. Channel surface patterning of alternating biomimetic protein combinations for enhanced microfluidic tumor cell isolation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4022-8. [PMID: 22482510 DOI: 10.1021/ac2033408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a new method for multicomponent protein patterning in a microchannel and also a technique for improving immunoaffinity-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture by patterning regions of alternating adhesive proteins using the new method. The first of two proteins, antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM), provides the specificity for CTC capture. The second, E-selectin, increases CTC capture under shear. Patterning regions with and without E-selectin allows captured leukocytes, which also bind E-selectin and are unwanted impurities in CTC isolation, to roll a short distance and detach from the capture surface. This reduces leukocyte capture by up to 82%. The patterning is combined with a leukocyte elution step in which a calcium chelating buffer effectively deactivates E-selectin so that leukocytes may be rinsed away 60% more efficiently than with a buffer containing calcium. The alternating patterning of this biomimetic protein combination, used in conjunction with the elution step, reduces capture of leukocytes while maintaining a high tumor cell capture efficiency that is up to 1.9 times higher than the tumor cell capture efficiency of a surface with only anti-EpCAM. The new patterning technique described here does not require mask alignment and can be used to spatially control the immobilization of any two proteins or protein mixtures inside a sealed microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Launiere
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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29
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SASAKI N, ISU A, ISHII R, SATO K. Photochemical Immobilization of Cells onto a Glass Substrate for in situ DNA Analysis. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:537-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki SASAKI
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Anri ISU
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Reina ISHII
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
| | - Kae SATO
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
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