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Chang CH, Tsai LH, Lee YC, Yao WC, Lin JJ. Synergistic Effects of Silicate-Platelet Supporting Ag and ZnO, Offering High Antibacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087024. [PMID: 37108187 PMCID: PMC10138669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are remarkably able to eliminate microorganisms, but induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are considered to have a wide bactericidal effect with weak cytotoxicity. In this study, both zinc oxide nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles were co-synthesized on a nano-silicate platelet (NSP) to prepare a hybrid of AgNP/ZnONP/NSP. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the formation of nanoparticles on the NSP. Synthesized ZnONP/NSP (ZnONP on NSP) was confirmed by the absorption peaks on UV-Vis and XRD. AgNP synthesized on ZnONP/NSP was also characterized by UV-Vis, and ZnONP/NSP showed no interference with synthesis. The images of TEM demonstrated that NSP provides physical support for the growth of nanoparticles and could prevent the inherent aggregation of ZnONP. In antibacterial tests, AgNP/ZnONP/NSP exhibited more efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) than ZnONP/NSP (ZnONP was synthesized on NSP) and AgNP/NSP (AgNP was synthesized on NSP). In cell culture tests, 1/10/99 (weight ratio) of AgNP/ZnONP/NSP exhibited low cytotoxicity for mammalian cells (>100 ppm). Therefore, AgNP/ZnONP/NSP, containing both AgNP and ZnONP, with both strong antibacterial qualities and low cytotoxicity, showed potentially advantageous medical utilizations due to its antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei City 20844, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Guo D, Xia Q, Zeng Q, Wang X, Dong H. Antibacterial Mechanisms of Reduced Iron-Containing Smectite-Illite Clay Minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15256-15265. [PMID: 34723508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduced nontronite has been demonstrated to be antibacterial through the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) from the oxidation of structural Fe(II). Herein, we investigated the antibacterial activity of more common smectite-illite (S-I) clays toward Escherichia coli cells, including montmorillonite SWy-3, illite IMt-2, 50-50 S-I rectorite RAr-1, 30-70 S-I ISCz-1, and nontronite NAu-2. Under an oxic condition, reduced clays (with a prefix r before mineral names) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antibacterial activity followed the order of rRAr-1 > rSWy-3 ≥ rNAu-2 ≫ rIMt-2 ≥ rISCz-1. The strongest antibacterial activity of rRAr-1 was contributed by a combination of •OH and Fe(IV) generated from structural Fe(II)/adsorbed Fe2+ and soluble Fe2+, respectively. Higher levels of lipid and protein oxidation, intracellular ROS accumulation, and membrane disruption were consistent with this antibacterial mechanism of rRAr-1. The antibacterial activity of other S-I clays depended on layer expandability, which determined the reactivity of structural Fe(II) and the production of •OH, with the expandable smectite being the most antibacterial and nonexpandable illite the least. Our results provide new insights into the antibacterial mechanisms of clay minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Guo
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Qingyin Xia
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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Chang CH, Lee YH, Liao ZH, Chen MHC, Peng FC, Lin JJ. Composition of nanoclay supported silver nanoparticles in furtherance of mitigating cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247531. [PMID: 33630913 PMCID: PMC7906337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) is well known for its high antibacterial efficacy. However, its toxicity toward mammalian cells is still a concern in clinical applications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the composition effects of Ag-NP supported by silicate nanoplatelet (NSP) with respect to the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and was in reference to the poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-supported Ag-NP (Ag-NP/SMA). The NSP at the geometric dimension of averaged 80 x 80 x 1 nm3 was prepared from the exfoliation of natural clays and used to support different weight ratio of Ag-NP. The supporting limitation of NSP on Ag-NP was below the weight ratio of 15/85 (Ag-NP to NSP), and the detached Ag-NP from the Ag-NP/NSP (30/70) and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids were observed by TEM. Ames test was performed to assess the mutagenic potential of different compositions of Ag-NP/NSP, only Ag-NP/NSP (30/70) and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids exhibited mutagenicity when the concentration was 1.09 ppm or higher. In viewing of cytotoxicity using MTT tests toward HaCaT cells, the IC30 of Ag-NP/NSP (1/99, 7/93 and 15/85) were 1416.7, 243.6, and 148.9 ppm respectively, while Ag-NP/SMA was 64.8 ppm. The IC30 of Ag-NP/NSP (1/99, 7/93 and 15/85) were at least 833, 78 and 7 folds higher than their corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) respectively, and whereas Ag-NP/SMA was 6.4 folds. The Ag-NP/NSP and Ag-NP/SMA hybrids had been further investigated for genotoxicity by chromosomal aberrations and in vivo micronucleus assay within the concentration at IC10 and IC30, only Ag-NP/SMA showed a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Our findings indicated that the viability of utilizing the NSP to maintain Ag-NP for antimicrobial activity, and the high-surface area of NSP served as an excellent support for associating Ag-NP and consequently rendering the mitigation of the inherent toxicity of Ag-NP in clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Hao Liao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark Hung-Chih Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chuo Peng
- Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cytotoxicity Produced by Silicate Nanoplatelets: Study of Cell Death Mechanisms. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100623. [PMID: 33003487 PMCID: PMC7600961 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-silicate platelets (NSP), an exfoliated product from natural clays, have been validated for biosafety and as an effective supplement to alleviate mycotoxicosis. Since NSP induced noticeable cell death, we therefore investigated further the mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by NSP. Exposure to NSP impaired membrane integrity and caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation other than of NADH oxidase origin, and subcellular interactions by internalized NSP also contributed to NSP-induced cell death. NSP persistently provoked receptor-interacting protein 1 Ser/Thr (RIP1) kinase and caspase 6 and 3/7 activation without altering caspase 8 activity and induced evident chromatolysis of necrosis in the later stage. These events proceeded along with increased ER stress and mitochondrial permeability, to final Cyt-C (Cytochrome C) release and AIF (apoptosis inducing factor) translocation, a hallmark of cell necroptosis. Fluorescent probing further manifested NSP traffic, mostly adherence on the cell surfaces, or via internalization, being compartmentalized in the nuclei, cytosols, and mitochondria. Pharmacological approaches with specific inhibitors suggested that endocytosis and particularly RIP1 kinase provocation mediate NSP-induced cell death independent of caspase activation. In conclusion, the necroptotic process contributes to most of the cell death induced by NSP due to membrane interactions/impaired integrity, ROS generation, and subcellular interactions by internalized NSP.
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Xu L, Han F, Zhang X, Yu Q. Ultrasound enhanced biosynthesis of L-theanine from L-glutamine and ethylamine by recombinant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123251. [PMID: 32245672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A mutant library of the key amino acid residue site E387 in γ-glutamyltranspeptidase was constructed to screen the mutant enzymes with significantly improved thermal stability (E387Q). The reaction temperature of the mutant enzyme (E387Q) was 10℃ higher than that of the parent enzyme. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of L-theanine by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase was investigated. The effects of ultrasonic power, reaction pH and substrate concentration on the enzymatic synthesis of L-theanine were studied by the response surface method. The results showed that the optimal process conditions are ultrasonic power of 100 W, reaction pH of 9, substrate L-glutamine concentration of 120 mmol/L, reaction temperature of 45℃, and L-theanine yield of 89.1%. The yield of L-theanine is 2.61 times higher than that obtained without ultrasound. Ultrasound can significantly promote the synthesis of L-theanine by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Xu
- Department of Life and Food Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China.
| | - Fangkai Han
- Department of Life and Food Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Xingtao Zhang
- Department of Life and Food Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- Department of Life and Food Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
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Abstract
The potential of layered silicates as drug carrier is overviewed. Due to their large surface area and expandable interlayer space to accommodate drug molecules, layered silicates have a potential as carrier of various molecules. In addition to the electrostatic interactions between negatively charged layered silicates and positively charged drug molecules, the organic modification of the surface of layered silicates has been applied to accommodate a variety of drug molecules not only cationic ones. The in vitro release experiment of the accommodated drug molecules has been reported under the acidic conditions. In order to discuss the future direction of layered silicates as drug carrier, materials' variation of layered silicates and their modification, and the reported stimuli-responsive hybrids based on layered silicates were introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontaree Grace Intasa-Ard
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Makoto Ogawa
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand.
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Yuan CW, Huang JT, Chen CC, Tang PC, Huang JW, Lin JJ, Huang SY, Chen SE. Evaluation of Efficacy and Toxicity of Exfoliated Silicate Nanoclays as a Feed Additive for Fumonisin Detoxification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6564-6571. [PMID: 28712299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of nanosilicate clay platelets (NSCP), exfoliated silicates from natural montmorillonites, as a feed additive for ameliorating fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxicosis was evaluated. Toxicological mechanisms by NSCP were examined through proteomic and biochemical analyses. Dietary supplementation with NSCP at a low level of 40 mg/kg of feed improved growth performances in chickens with respect to FB1 toxicosis. Other issues of ameliorated symptoms including serum and/or hepatic aspartate aminotransferase activity, oxidative stress indicators, and sphinganine/sphingosine ratio, a hallmark of FB1 toxicosis, were considered. Chickens with NSCP inclusion alone at 1000 mg/kg of feed exhibited no changes in hepatic histology, oxidative status, and serum parameters and even had a higher feed intake. Proteomic analysis with liver tissues identified 45 distinct proteins differentially affected by FB1 and/or NSCP, in which proteins involved in thiol metabolism and redox regulation, glycolysis, carcinogenesis, and detoxification by glutathione S-transferase were promoted by FB1, whereas NSCP caused differential changes of protein abundances related to methionine/cysteine and choline/glycine interconversion for glutathione synthesis, redox regulation by peroxiredoxin, toxin/metabolite delivery by albumin, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and chaperon escort for endoplasmic reticulum stress relief. Functional analyses confirmed the enhancement of hepatic metabolic processes for ATP and NAD(P)H production to meet the need for detoxification, antioxidative defense, and toxin/metabolite clearance by FB1 or NSCP ingestion. On the basis of the amelioration of FB1 toxicosis, global profile of hepatic protein expressions, and validated toxicological mechanisms, NSCP were concluded as a safe and effective agent for FB1 detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Gao Y, Dong Q, Lan S, Cai Q, Simalou O, Zhang S, Gao G, Chokto H, Dong A. Decorating CdTe QD-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres with Ag NPs to Prevent Bacteria Invasion for Enhanced Anticounterfeit Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10022-10033. [PMID: 25901940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) as potent candidates possess advantageous superiority in fluorescence imaging applications, but they are susceptible to the biological circumstances (e.g., bacterial environment), leading to fluorescence quenching or lose of fluorescent properties. In this work, CdTe QDs were embedded into mesoporous silica nanospheres (m-SiO2 NSs) for preventing QD agglomeration, and then CdTe QD-embedded m-SiO2 NSs (m-SiO2/CdTe NSs) were modified with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to prevent bacteria invasion for enhanced anticounterfeit applications. The m-SiO2 NSs, which serve as intermediate layers to combine CdTe QDs with Ag NPs, help us establish a highly fluorescent and long-term antibacterial system (i.e., m-SiO2/CdTe/Ag NSs). More importantly, CdTe QD-embedded m-SiO2 NSs showed fluorescence quenching when they encounter bacteria, which was avoided by attaching Ag NPs outside. Ag NPs are superior to CdTe QDs for preventing bacteria invasion because of the structure (well-dispersed Ag NPs), size (small diameter), and surface charge (positive zeta potentials) of Ag NPs. The plausible antibacterial mechanisms of m-SiO2/CdTe/Ag NSs toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were established. As for potential applications, m-SiO2/CdTe/Ag NSs were developed as fluorescent anticounterfeiting ink for enhanced imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shi Lan
- ⊥College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Oudjaniyobi Simalou
- ||Département de Chimie, Faculté Des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé (UL), BP 1515 Lome, Togo
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- #PhD School of Materiaux, Mechanics, Environnement, Energy, Process and Production Engineering (I-MEP2), University of Grenoble, Grenoble 38031, France
| | - Ge Gao
- △College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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Liao YJ, Yang JR, Chen SE, Wu SJ, Huang SY, Lin JJ, Chen LR, Tang PC. Inhibition of fumonisin B1 cytotoxicity by nanosilicate platelets during mouse embryo development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112290. [PMID: 25383881 PMCID: PMC4226500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosilicate platelets (NSP), the form of natural silicate clay that was exfoliated from montmorillonite (MMT), is widely used as a feed additive for its high non-specific binding capacity with mycotoxins such as fumonisin B1 (FB1), and has been evaluated its safety for biomedical use including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and lethal dosage (LD). In the study, we further examined its toxicity on the development of CD1 mouse embryos and its capacity to prevent teratogenesis-induced by FB1. In vitro cultures, NSP did not disturb the development and the quality of intact pre-implantation mouse embryos. Further, newborn mice from females consumed with NSP showed no abnormalities. NSP had an unexpected high adsorption capacity in vitro. In contrast to female mice consumed with FB1 only, a very low residual level of FB1 in the circulation, reduced incidence of neutral tube defects and significantly increased fetal weight were observed in the females consumed with FB1 and NSP, suggesting a high alleviation effect of NSP on FB1in vivo. Furthermore, FB1 treatment disturbed the gene expression of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes (longevity assurance homolog 5, LASS 5; sphingosine kinase 1, Sphk1; sphingosine kinase 2, Sphk2; sphingosine 1- phosphate lyase, Sgpl1; sphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase, Sgpp1) in the maternal liver, uterus, fetus, and placenta, but NSP administration reversed the perturbations. Based on these findings, we conclude that NSP is a feasible and effective agent for supplementary use in reducing the toxicity of FB1 to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Liao
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Rong Yang
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Jhou Wu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ge X, Leng Y, Lu X, Ren F, Wang K, Ding Y, Yang M. Bacterial responses to periodic micropillar array. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:384-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Yang Leng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yonghui Ding
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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Liang JJ, Wei JC, Lee YL, Hsu SH, Lin JJ, Lin YL. Surfactant-modified nanoclay exhibits an antiviral activity with high potency and broad spectrum. J Virol 2014; 88:4218-28. [PMID: 24478435 PMCID: PMC3993779 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03256-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanomaterials have the characteristics associated with high surface-to-volume ratios and have been explored for their antiviral activity. Despite some success, cytotoxicity has been an issue in nanomaterial-based antiviral strategies. We previously developed a novel method to fully exfoliate montmorillonite clay to generate the most fundamental units of nanoscale silicate platelet (NSP). We further modified NSP by capping with various surfactants and found that the surfactant-modified NSP (NSQ) was less cytotoxic. In this study, we tested the antiviral potentials of a series of natural-clay-derived nanomaterials. Among the derivatives, NSP modified with anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (NSQc), but not the pristine clay, unmodified NSP, a silver nanoparticle-NSP hybrid, NSP modified with cationic n-octadecanylamine hydrochloride salt, or NSP modified with nonionic Triton X-100, significantly suppressed the plaque-forming ability of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) at noncytotoxic concentrations. NSQc also blocked infection with dengue virus (DEN) and influenza A virus. Regarding the antiviral mechanism, NSQc interfered with viral binding through electrostatic interaction, since its antiviral activity can be neutralized by Polybrene, a cationic polymer. Furthermore, NSQc reduced the lethality of JEV and DEN infection in mouse challenge models. Thus, the surfactant-modified exfoliated nanoclay NSQc may be a novel nanomaterial with broad and potent antiviral activity. IMPORTANCE Nanomaterials have being investigated as antimicrobial agents, yet their antiviral potential is overshadowed by their cytotoxicity. By using a novel method, we fully exfoliated montmorillonite clay to generate the most fundamental units of nanoscale silicate platelet (NSP). Here, we show that the surfactant-modified NSP (NSQ) is less cytotoxic and that NSQc (NSP modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate) could potently block infection by dengue virus (DEN), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and influenza A virus at noncytotoxic concentrations. For the antiviral mechanism, we find that the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged NSQc and the positively charged virus particles blocks viral binding. Furthermore, we used mouse challenge models of JEV and DEN to demonstrate the in vivo antiviral potential of NSQc. Thus, NSQc may function as a potent and safe antiviral nanohybrid against several viruses, and our success in synthesizing surfactant-modified NSP with antiviral activity may shed some light on future antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chiou Wei
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang SC, Li CH, Lin JJ, Li YH, Lee MR. Effective removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR using nanosilicate platelets. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 99:49-55. [PMID: 24268348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water safety has been threatened by increasing harmful algal blooms (HABs) in water sources. HABs are closely associated with eutrophication in freshwater lakes, e.g. Lake Tai in China, and marine environments as well, e.g. Baltic Sea in Europe. Among all HABs, Microcystis aeruginosa attracted much attention due to its easy proliferation and potent toxins, microcystins. Most of the current control technologies can result in immediate release of microcystins which are hard to remove by drinking water treatment processes. Here we propose to simultaneously remove M. aeruginosa and its toxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), using nanosilicate platelet (NSP) derived from natural clay mineral. In this study, NSP showed strong selective growth inhibition and good settling enhancing effects on M. aeruginosa and highly efficient removal of MC-LR. NSP can inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa (initial cell concentration at 3.00×10(6)cellmL(-1)) with a LC50 at 0.28ppm after 12h exposure. At the dosage of 100ppm, NSP can enhance settling of suspended M. aeruginosa. Bacterial growth inhibition tests showed NSP had very mild growth inhibition effects on Escherichia coli at high dosage but promoted the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus halodurans. For MC-LR removal, at an initial concentration of 100μgL(-1), NSP achieved higher than 99% removal. Thus, the results suggest that NSP could be an excellent candidate for controlling M. aeruginosa-related HABs in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chi Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hao Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsien Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Sarkar B, Megharaj M, Shanmuganathan D, Naidu R. Toxicity of organoclays to microbial processes and earthworm survival in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:793-800. [PMID: 23347724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoclays have wide spread application in environmental remediation and nanocomposites synthesis. Some of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) commonly used to prepare organoclays are toxic to biota. However, information on the toxicity of organoclays is rarely available in the literature. This study assessed the toxicity of three laboratory prepared bentonite organoclays on the soil microbially mediated processes (such as dehydrogenase activity and potential nitrification) and soil inhabiting animals, such as earthworms. Toxicity to both microbial processes and earthworm followed the order: hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite>octadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite>arquad modified bentonite>unmodified bentonite. The organoclays were able to cause slight improvement (up to 25%) in the potential nitrification in some soils when they were added at low application rates up to 5%, but caused reduction (3-86%) in the dehydrogenase activity in all the soils irrespective of loading rates. The organoclays were extremely toxic to the survival and vigour of the earthworms. The average body weight loss of the worms reached as high as 62% in hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite treated soil even at 1% loading. This study holds utmost importance in assessing the toxicity of organoclays to soil microbially mediated processes and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Sarkar
- CERAR - Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CRC CARE - Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
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Lin JJ, Lin WC, Li SD, Lin CY, Hsu SH. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility for silver nanoparticles immobilized on nano silicate platelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:433-443. [PMID: 23270500 DOI: 10.1021/am302534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their bactericidal abilities. The antibacterial potency is dependent on the particle size and dispersion status. In this study, we synthesized AgNP/NSP nanohybrids in two different weight ratios (1/99 and 8/92) using the fully exfoliated clay, i.e., nanosilicate platelets (NSP), as a dispersing agent and carrier for AgNPs. Due to the size of NSP, the immobilized AgNPs do not enter cells readily, which may lower the risk associated with the cellular uptake of AgNPs. The biocompatibility, immunological response, and antimicrobial activities of AgNP/NSP hybrids were evaluated. The results revealed that AgNP/NSP hybrids elicited merely mild inflammatory response and retained the outstanding antibacterial activity. The hybrids were further embedded in poly(ether)urethane (PEU) to increase the biocompatibility. At the same silver content (20 ppm), the PEU-AgNP/NSP nanocomposites were nontoxic to mouse skin fibroblasts, while simultaneously exhibiting nearly complete bacterial growth reduction (99.9%). PEU containing the same amount of free AgNPs did not display such an effect. Our results verify the better biosafety of the AgNPs/NSP hybrids and their polymer nanocomposites for further clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, (ROC)
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15
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Chi TY, Yeh HY, Lin JJ, Jeng US, Hsu SH. Amphiphilic silver-delaminated clay nanohybrids and their composites with polyurethane: physico-chemical and biological evaluations. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2178-2189. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Leung YH, Chan CMN, Ng AMC, Chan HT, Chiang MWL, Djurišić AB, Ng YH, Jim WY, Guo MY, Leung FCC, Chan WK, Au DTW. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles with a modified surface under ambient illumination. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:475703. [PMID: 23103840 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/47/475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In various practical applications, nanomaterials typically have functionalized surfaces. Yet, the studies of toxicity and antibacterial activity of functionalized nanoparticles are scarce. We investigated the effect of surface modifications on antibacterial activity of ZnO under ambient illumination, and we found that nanoparticles coated with different surface modifying reagents could exhibit higher or lower toxicity compared to bare ZnO, depending on the surface modifying reagent used. Different surface modifying reagent molecules resulted in differences in the release of Zn(2+) ions and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the antibacterial activity did not correlate with the ROS levels or the Zn(2+) ion release. One of the surface-modified ZnO samples exhibited significantly lower Zn(2+) ion release while at the same time exhibiting improved antibacterial activity. In all cases, damage of the cell wall membranes and/or changes in the membrane permeability have been observed, together with the changes in ATR-FTIR spectra indicating differences in protein conformation. Mechanisms of antibacterial activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Noppakundilograt S, Sonjaipanich K, Thongchul N, Kiatkamjornwong S. Syntheses, characterization, and antibacterial activity of chitosan grafted hydrogels and associated mica-containing nanocomposite hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chiao SH, Lin SH, Shen CI, Liao JW, Bau IJ, Wei JC, Tseng LP, Hsu SH, Lai PS, Lin SZ, Lin JJ, Su HL. Efficacy and safety of nanohybrids comprising silver nanoparticles and silicate clay for controlling Salmonella infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2421-32. [PMID: 22654516 PMCID: PMC3363949 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective and safe drugs is imperative for replacing antibiotics and controlling multidrug-resistant microbes. Nanoscale silicate platelet (NSP) and its nanohybrid, silver nanoparticle/NSP (AgNP/NSP), have been developed, and the nanohybrids show a strong and general antibacterial activity in vitro. Here, their efficacy for protecting Salmonella-infected chicks from fatality and septicemia was evaluated. Both orally administrated NSP and AgNP/NSP, but not AgNPs alone, effectively reduced the systemic Salmonella infection and mortality. In addition, quantitative Ag analyses demonstrated that Ag deposition from AgNP/NSP in the intestines was less than that from conventional AgNPs, indicating that the presence of NSP for immobilizing AgNPs reduced Ag accumulation in tissue and improved the safety of AgNPs. These in vivo results illustrated that both NSP and AgNP/NSP nanohybrid represent potential agents for controlling enteric bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Her Chiao
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang MC, Lin JJ, Tseng HJ, Hsu SH. Characterization, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility of organically modified clays and their nanocomposites with polyurethane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:338-350. [PMID: 22128903 DOI: 10.1021/am2014103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to exfoliate the montmorillonite clay was developed previously to generate random nanosilicate platelets (NSP), one kind of delaminated clay. To improve their dispersion in a polymer, we modified NSPs by three types of surfactants (cationic Qa, nonionic Qb, and anionic Qc) in this study and used them to prepare nanocomposites with polyurethane (PU). The zeta potential, antimicrobial ability, and biocompatibility of these surfactant-modified NSPs (abbreviated "NSQ") were characterized. It was found that the zeta potential of Qa-modified NSP (NSQa) was positive, whereas those of NSP and the other two NSQs (NSQb and NSQc) were negative. All NSQ presented less cytotoxicity than NSP. NSQa and NSQc showed excellent antimicrobial activities against S. aureus (Gram-positive strain) and E. coli (Gram-negative strain). The nanocomposites of NSQ with PU were then characterized for surface and mechanical properties, cell attachment and proliferation, antimicrobial activity in vitro, and biocompatibility in vivo. A higher surfactant to NSP ratio was found to improve the dispersion of NSQ in PU matrix. The mechanical properties of all PU/NSQ nanocomposites were significantly enhanced. Among various NSQ, only NSQa were observed to migrate to the composite surface. The attachment and proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro as well as biocompatibility in vivo were significantly better for PU/NSQa containing 1% of NSQa than other materials. The microbiostasis ratios of PU/NSQ nanocomposites containing 1% NSQa or NSQc were >90%. These results proposed the safety and potential antimicrobial applications of surfactant-modified delaminated clays and their nanocomposites with PU polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan, ROC
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Tseng HJ, Lin JJ, Ho TT, Tseng SM, Hsu SH. The biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites from polyurethane and nano silicate platelets. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:192-202. [PMID: 21976444 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites from a polyether-type waterborne polyurethane (PU) and 0.1 wt % of silicate materials were prepared. The individual silicate materials were natural clays (montmorillonite and mica), their exfoliated clays [nano silicate platelets (NSP) and nano mica platelets], and NSP modified with C18 fatty amine (NSP-S). The physico-chemcical properties and antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites were characterized in vitro. The biostability and biocompatibility of the nanocomposites were evaluated in vivo. The nanocomposites exhibited various surface morphologies with phase separation of hard and soft domains in nanometric scales. The nanocomposite containing NSP (PU-NSP) showed better endothelial cell attachment and gene expression. The better biocompatibility of PU-NSP and PU-NSP-S was evidenced by the lower thickness of foreign body capsules in rat subcutaneous implantation. PU-NSP had the least surface degradation in vivo as demonstrated by the electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. This may be associated with the different surface structure. PU-NSP and PU-NSP-S showed strong bacteriostatic effects, which suggested that the nano clay in the polymer matrix may still interact with the microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Jung Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Su HL, Lin SH, Wei JC, Pao IC, Chiao SH, Huang CC, Lin SZ, Lin JJ. Novel nanohybrids of silver particles on clay platelets for inhibiting silver-resistant bacteria. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21125. [PMID: 21695045 PMCID: PMC3117870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a novel nanohybrid showing a strong antibacterial activity on all of the tested pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus auerus and silver-resistant E. coli. The nanohybrid consists of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported on 1 nm-thick silicate platelets (NSPs). The AgNP/NSP nanohybrid enables to encapsulate bacteria and triggers death signals from the cell membrane. The geographic shape of the NSPs concentrates AgNPs but impedes their penetration into attached cells, mitigating the detrimental effect of silver ion deposition in applied tissues. Moreover, the tightly tethered AgNPs on NSP surface achieve a stronger biocidal effect than silver nitrate, but bypassing Ag+ mechanism, on silver-resistant bacteria. This nanohybrid presents an effective and safe antimicrobial agent in a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Li PR, Wei JC, Chiu YF, Su HL, Peng FC, Lin JJ. Evaluation on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the exfoliated silicate nanoclay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:1608-1613. [PMID: 20568705 DOI: 10.1021/am1001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The concern about toxicity for nanosilicate platelets (NSP) derived from natural montmorillonite clay is addressed. The NSP nanoclay was isolated from polyamine-salt exfoliation of the layered silicate clay into randomized individual plates, possessing multiple ionic charges on the surface of silicate plates with an average geometric dimension of ca. 80 x 80 x 1 nm(3). The material had been previously shown to be effective for antimicrobial and tendency for adhering onto the biomaterial surface based on the direct observation by using scanning electron microscope. The material safety on genotoxic effect was investigated by using three different test systems: the Comet assay test on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in vitro, micronucleus (MN) assay in vivo and the Salmonella gene mutation assay on strain TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537. The Comet assay showed no DNA damage after 24 h of incubation with NSP of 1000 microg/mL. The MN test indicated no significant micronucleus induction in the CHO cells at the concentrations tested. With all five strains of Salmonella typhimurium, none of mutations was found. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of the same material was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, showing a low cytotoxicity on CHO cells below 1000 microg/mL after 12 h incubation period and a dose-dependent effect after 24 h incubation. For feeding to rats, the acute oral toxicity was shown a low lethal dose (LD(50)) or greater than 5700 mg/kg body weight for both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Overall, the study has demonstrated the safety of the NSP for potential uses in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ru Li
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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