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Proos Vedin N, Escayola S, Radenković S, Solà M, Ottosson H. The n,π* States of Heteroaromatics: When are They the Lowest Excited States and in What Way Can They Be Aromatic or Antiaromatic? J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4493-4506. [PMID: 38787346 PMCID: PMC11163469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Heteroaromatic molecules are found in areas ranging from biochemistry to photovoltaics. We analyze the n,π* excited states of 6π-electron heteroaromatics with in-plane lone pairs (nσ, herein n) and use qualitative theory and quantum chemical computations, starting at Mandado's 2n + 1 rule for aromaticity of separate spins. After excitation of an electron from n to π*, a (4n + 2)π-electron species has 2n + 2 πα-electrons and 2n + 1 πβ-electrons (or vice versa) and becomes πα-antiaromatic and πβ-aromatic. Yet, the antiaromatic πα- and aromatic πβ-components seldom cancel, leading to residuals with aromatic or antiaromatic character. We explore vertically excited triplet n,π* states (3n,π*), which are most readily analyzed, but also singlet n,π* states (1n,π*), and explain which compounds have n,π* states with aromatic residuals as their lowest excited states (e.g., pyrazine and the phenyl anion). If the πβ-electron population becomes more (less) uniformly distributed upon excitation, the system will have an (anti)aromatic residual. Among isomers, the one that has the most aromatic residual in 3n,π* is often of the lowest energy in this state. Five-membered ring heteroaromatics with one or two N, O, and/or S atoms never have n,π* states as their first excited states (T1 and S1), while this is nearly always the case for six-membered ring heteroaromatics with electropositive heteroatoms and/or highly symmetric (D2h) diheteroaromatics. For the complete compound set, there is a modest correlation between the (anti)aromatic character of the n,π* state and the energy gap between the lowest n,π* and π,π* states (R2 = 0.42), while it is stronger for monosubstituted pyrazines (R2 = 0.84).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Proos Vedin
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Institut
de Quìmica Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Slavko Radenković
- Faculty
of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut
de Quìmica Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Franzese S, Saker Neto N, Wong WWH. Extended Reichardt's Dye-Synthesis and Solvatochromic Properties. Chemistry 2024:e202400314. [PMID: 38589289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Three new pyridinium-phenolate dyes based on the benchmark solvatochromic dye Betaine 30 were synthesised. The dyes contained phenylene spacers between the donor and acceptor groups. Their UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured, with the dyes showing strong negative solvatochromic behaviour comparable to that of Betaine 30. These results stood in contrast to the behaviour of the π-extended dye Betaine 21, originally reported in 1963. This dye was synthesised and found to be significantly more solvatochromic than previously reported but prone to degrade. All π-extended dyes synthesised were found to be unstable in certain solvents. Although the increased distance between donor and acceptor did not enhance solvatochromism to the extent predicted, it was still determined that the reduced planarity caused by a phenylene spacer is not as detrimental as believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Franzese
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolau Saker Neto
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Yan L, Guo M, Wan Y, Wan Y, Li Q, Zhu L, Yin H, Shi Y. Fluorescence emission mechanism for the π-conjugated zwitterion 2,4-Bisimidazolylphenol base on ESIPT: A TDDFT theoretical reconsideration. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124043. [PMID: 38368821 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with zwitterionic characteristics exhibit significant potential for utilization in nonlinear optics, optoelectronics, and organic lasers owing to their large dipole moments. Recently, the synthesized compound 2,4-bis (4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) phenol (2,4-bImP) by Sakai et al. has been noticed for its unique photochromic properties in solvents [J. Phys. Chem. A, 125 (2021), 4784-4792]. The observed fluorescence in chloroform was attributed to the keto tautomer. Based on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer, the photochromism of 2,4-bImP in chloroform was interpreted as zwitterion production. However, the zwitterion with a specific electronic structure can be in resonance with the conventional neutral structure. The impact of the resonance contribution from the zwitterion and the conventional neutral structure on fluorescence attribution was not taken into account in the previous studies. In this investigation, the ESIPT mechanism of the 2,4-bImP in chloroform has been explored using both the density functional theory and the time-dependent density functional theory. The optimized geometric configuration parameters illustrate the molecular resonant properties. The calculated fluorescence spectra on the basis of the optimization results further corroborate that the fluorescence peaks after proton transfer originates from the resonance of the zwitterionic and the neutral configuration. The zwitterionic nature of the molecule was demonstrated by electrostatic potential and atomic dipole modified Hesfeld atomic charge (ADCH) analysis. Furthermore, the characterization of potential energy curves and IR spectrum further verified the resonance of both the zwitterionic and neutral structures. The results reveal that the 2,4-bImP molecule generates the neutral o-quinoid structure and the zwitterionic structure resonance phenomenon following ESIPT. The aforementioned resonance structure offers novel insights into the ascription of fluorescence. These discoveries establish the theoretical foundation for the exploration and development of zwitterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Meilin Guo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yongfeng Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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4
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Verma C, Dubey S, Bose R, Alfantazi A, Ebenso EE, Rhee KY. Zwitterions and betaines as highly soluble materials for sustainable corrosion protection: Interfacial chemistry and bonding with metal surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103091. [PMID: 38281394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The primary requirements for interfacial adsorption and corrosion inhibition are solubility and the existence of polar functional groups, particularly charges. Traditional organic inhibitors have a solubility issue due to the hydrophobic moieties they incorporate. Most documented organic inhibitors have aromatic rings, hydrocarbon chains, and a few functional groups. The excellent solubility and high efficacy of zwitterions and betaines make them the perfect replacements for insoluble corrosion inhibitors. Zwitterions and betaines are more easily soluble because of interactions between their positive and negative charges (-COO-, -PO3-, -NH3, -NHR2, -NH2R, -SO3- etc.) and the polar solvents. The positive and negative charges also aid these molecules' physical and chemical adsorption at the metal-electrolyte interfaces. They develop a corrosion-inhibiting layer through their adsorption. After becoming adsorbed at the metal-electrolyte interface, they act as mixed-type inhibitors, slowing both cathodic and anodic processes. They usually adsorb according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In this article, the corrosion inhibition potential of zwitterions and betaines in the aqueous phase, as well as their mode of action, are reviewed. This article details the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing zwitterions and betaines for sustainable corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shikha Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174, Garhwal, India
| | - Ranjith Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akram Alfantazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 445-701, South Korea.
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Herbert JM. Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3755-3794. [PMID: 38226636 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is the most widely-used electronic structure method for excited states, due to a favorable combination of low cost and semi-quantitative accuracy in many contexts, even if there are well recognized limitations. This Perspective describes various ways in which excited states from TD-DFT calculations can be visualized and analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This includes not just orbitals and densities but also well-defined statistical measures of electron-hole separation and of Frenkel-type exciton delocalization. Emphasis is placed on mathematical connections between methods that have often been discussed separately. Particular attention is paid to charge-transfer diagnostics, which provide indicators of when TD-DFT may not be trustworthy due to its categorical failure to describe long-range electron transfer. Measures of exciton size and charge separation that are directly connected to the underlying transition density are recommended over more ad hoc metrics for quantifying charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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6
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Cui SQ, Zhang DB, Wei ZL, Liao WW. Construction of Functionalized α-Imino Ketones via Pd-Catalyzed C-H Addition to Nitriles/Aerobic Oxidation Sequences. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16018-16023. [PMID: 37930958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed addition of sp2 C-H to nitrile/aerobic oxidation sequences for the preparation of functionalized α-imino ketones is described in which readily available heteroarenes and O-acyl cyanohydrins were employed. Various functionalized targeted molecules can be prepared in good yields with high atom and step economy. Moreover, a broad substrate scope and the ready manipulation and availability of the reaction partners enable this protocol to be appealing to explore the chemical space of the construction of functionalized α-imino ketones with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qiang Cui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Dian-Bo Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Zhong-Lin Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China
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7
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Li X, Li J, Li X, Dang R, Li Z, Li Y, Wang B. A straightforward synthesis and physicochemical properties of chiral phosphorus-doped coronenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11831-11834. [PMID: 37711078 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel N,P-fused coronene derivatives have been successfully designed and achieved in one step using a three-fold Bischler-Napieralski cyclization as the key step. The unique structure, and tunable photophysical and electronic properties make them promising candidates for emissive and electron-transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Xingchen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Biyao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
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8
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Synthesis and Studies of Pyridoneimine-Functionalized PETIM Dendrimers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35929-35936. [PMID: 37810657 PMCID: PMC10552491 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinoimine-functionalized poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers of 1-3 generations, possessing 4-16 moieties at the peripheries, are synthesized. Chloride-functionalized dendrimers are reacted with N-methylamino pyridine, under basic conditions, which led to functionalization of the peripheries of a dendrimer with pyridoneimine moieties. Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies are performed to assess the contributing resonance forms of pyridoneimine in the dendrimers. Solvatochromism and 15N NMR studies aid further the assessment of the contributing resonance forms. Comparison with derivatives that possess 1 and 2 pyridoneimines illustrates the contributing resonance forms between nonaromatic pyridoneimine and zwitter ionic aromatic imidopyridinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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9
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Miao F, Ji Y, Han B, Quintero SM, Chen H, Xue G, Cai L, Casado J, Zheng Y. Asymmetric and zwitterionic Blatter diradicals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2698-2705. [PMID: 36908964 PMCID: PMC9993846 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric diradical molecular systems with different resonance mechanisms are largely unexplored. Herein, two conjugated asymmetric diradicals with Blatter and phenoxyl moieties (pBP and mBP) have been synthesized and studied in depth. A complete set of spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and magnetic techniques, together with quantum chemical calculations, have been used. The para-isomer (pBP) bears diradical and zwitterionic resonant forms, the latter by a electron delocalization mechanism, which are synergistically integrated by a sequence of nitrogen, provided by the Blatter moiety imine and amine (of different acceptor nature). In the meta-isomer (mBP), the zwitterionic form promoted in pBP by the lone-pair electron of the amine nitrogen is not available, yet it possesses a pseudo-hyperconjugation effect where the N lone pair mediates in a bonding coupling in a counter homolytic bond scission mechanism. Both electronic effects converge to promote medium diradical characters and narrow singlet-triplet gaps to the two electronic isomers. All these aspects delineate the subtle balance that shapes the electronic structure of open-shell molecules, which is even more challenging in the case of asymmetric systems, such as those described here with asymmetric phenoxyl-Blatter diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China .,Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China .,School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Málaga 29071 Spain
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Málaga 29071 Spain
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China .,School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
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Achelle S, Rodríguez-López J, Robin-le Guen F. The arylvinylpyrimidine scaffold: a tunable platform for luminescent and optical materials. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:39-52. [PMID: 36441633 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of electron-withdrawing pyrimidine rings within π-extended systems allows access to a wide variety of fluorescent push-pull molecules that display emission properties highly sensitive to external stimuli. A suitable design of these compounds leads to interesting materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications. In this context, a vast number of arylvinylpyrimidine-based chromophores have been extensively studied during the last two decades. Along with the main synthetic pathways, this review summarizes the photophysical features of these active compounds having great potential and their most important applications as sensors and luminescence materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Achelle
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Julián Rodríguez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Technologías Químicas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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11
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Verbitskiy EV, le Poul P, Bureš F, Achelle S, Barsella A, Kvashnin YA, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN. Push-Pull Derivatives Based on 2,4'-Biphenylene Linker with Quinoxaline, [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4- B]Pyrazine and [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4- B]Pyrazine Electron Withdrawing Parts. Molecules 2022; 27:4250. [PMID: 35807494 PMCID: PMC9268487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel V-shaped quinoxaline, [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine push-pull derivatives with 2,4'-biphenylene linker were designed and their electrochemical, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties were investigated. [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine is the stronger electron-withdrawing fragment as shown by electrochemical, and photophysical data. All compounds are emissive in a solid-state (from the cyan to red region of the spectrum) and quinoxaline derivatives are emissions in DCM solution. It has been found that quinoxaline derivatives demonstrate important solvatochromism and extra-large Stokes shifts, characteristic of twisted intramolecular charge transfer excited state as well as aggregation induced emission. The experimental conclusions have been justified by theoretical (TD-)DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor V. Verbitskiy
- I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (G.L.R.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pascal le Poul
- University Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice Studenská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- University Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes—UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d’Optique Ultrarapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS, UMR CNRS 7504, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, CEDEX 2, 67034 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Yuriy A. Kvashnin
- I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (G.L.R.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (G.L.R.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (G.L.R.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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One-Pot Synthesis of Push–Pull Butadienes from 1,3-Diethyl-2-thiobarbituric Acid and Propargylic Alcohols. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic procedure for obtaining two previously reported donor-acceptor butadiene dyes, namely 5-(3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione and 5-(3,3-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, based on the InCl3-catalyzed coupling 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid with 1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol and 1,1-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol, respectively, is presented. The reactions, which cleanly proceed in water under MW irradiation, involve the initial generation of the corresponding enals by Meyer-Schuster rearrangement of the alkynols and their subsequent Knoevenagel condensation with the 2-thiobarbituric acid derivative. By following the same approach, the novel butadiene 5-(3,3-bi([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)allylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, which was characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and HRMS, was synthesized in 79% yield.
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13
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A ‘donor-free’ chromophore with a silicon-based acceptor group for second order nonlinear optics. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ano Y, Higashino M, Yamada Y, Chatani N. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of nitriles from N-phthaloyl hydrazones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3799-3802. [PMID: 35229860 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00342b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed transformation of N-phthaloyl hydrazones into nitriles involving the cleavage of an N-N bond is reported. The use of N-heterocyclic carbene as a ligand is essential for the success of the reaction. N-Phthaloyl hydrazones prepared from aromatic aldehydes or cyclobutanones are applicable to this transformation, which gives aryl or alkenyl nitriles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Higashino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Pant D, Darla N, Sitha S. Roles of various bridges on intramolecular charge Transfers, dipole moments and first hyperpolarizabilities of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor types of organic Chromophores: Theoretical assessment using Two-State model. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Wong QA, Quah CK, Wong XA, Win YF, Kwong HC, Patil PS, Gummagol NB, Soma VR. A Comprehensive Study on the Photophysical and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Thienyl-Chalcone Derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21927-21953. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the substitutional position of chorine atom on the non-linear optical (NLO) response of chalcone derivatives is reported in this paper. Two thienyl-chalcone derivatives, (E)-3-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (3A25D2) and (E)-3-(2,6-dichloro-phenyl)-1-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one...
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17
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Ehni P, Bauch SM, Becker PM, Frey W, Zens A, Kästner J, Molard Y, Laschat S. Merging liquid crystalline self-assembly and linear optical properties of merocyanines via tailored donor units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21617-21630. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at merocyanine dyes with good linear optical and self-assembly properties, a series of rigid mono-, bi- and tricyclic merocyanines with O- and N-donor units as well as keto or...
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18
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Crocker RD, Pace DP, Zhang B, Lyons DJM, Bhadbhade MM, Wong WWH, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Unusual Alternating Crystallization-Induced Emission Enhancement Behavior in Nonconjugated ω-Phenylalkyl Tropylium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20384-20394. [PMID: 34807589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The alternating physical properties, especially melting points, of α,ω-disubstituted n-alkanes and their parent n-alkanes had been known since Baeyer's report in 1877. There is, however, no general and comprehensive explanation for such a phenomenon. Herein, we report the synthesis and examination of a series of novel ω-phenyl n-alkyl tropylium tetrafluoroborates, which also display alternation in their physicochemical characters. Despite being organic salts, the compounds with odd numbers of carbons in the alkyl bridge exist as room temperature ionic liquids. In stark contrast to this, the analogues with even numbers of carbons in the linker are crystalline solids. These solid nonconjugated molecules exhibit curious photoluminescent properties, which can be attributed to their ability to form through-space charge-transfer complexes to cause crystallization-induced emission enhancement. Most notably, the compound with the highest photoluminescent quantum yield in this series showed an unusual arrangement of carbocationic dimer in the solid state. A combination of XRD analysis and ab initio calculations revealed interesting insights into these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece D Crocker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Domenic P Pace
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bolong Zhang
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Demelza J M Lyons
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan M Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Miao F, Chen H, Moles Quintero S, Xue G, Casado J, Zheng Y. A nitrogen-doped asymmetric phenalenyl with a zwitterionic ground state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8433-8436. [PMID: 34338698 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an asymmetric N-doped phenalenyl (BTAP) compound has been synthesized and carefully studied for the first time. The synthesis of BTAP reveals a planar configuration and an unexpected zwitterionic ground state with the negative charge delocalized around the circumjacent part and the positive charge mainly localized on the center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Miao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
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20
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Sakai KI, Miyamoto N, Ogawa M, Kawano K, Akutagawa T. Photoinduced Generation of the π-Conjugated Zwitterionic State in the ESIPT Fluorophore of 2,4-Bisimidazolylphenol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4784-4792. [PMID: 34060839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that 2,4-bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (2,4-bImP) undergoes photoinduced conversion into the so-called "π-conjugated zwitterion" after causing an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. The powder sample of 2,4-bImP exhibits largely Stokes-shifted fluorescence characteristics to ESIPT fluorophores. On the other hand, its originally colorless solutions become colored when exposed to UV light for several minutes, whose color depends on the type of solvent. In particular, the CHCl3 solution rapidly turns dark green with the absorption maximum around 700 nm, and the colored solution is nearly restored to original by alternating addition of acid and base. To explain such drastic and reversible color changes, we hypothesized that the occurrence of ESIPT (i.e., deprotonation of the phenol and protonation of the imidazolyl group at its 2-position) triggered the charge-separated structure between the negatively charged phenolate and the positively charged imidazoliumyl group at its 4-position, which allowed resonance with the neutral p-quinoid structure. The formation of this π-conjugated zwitterion was strongly supported by the results of 1H and 15N NMR and Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Sakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Mayu Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Polymer Hybrid Materials Research Center, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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21
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Munz D, Meyer K. Charge frustration in ligand design and functional group transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:422-439. [PMID: 37118028 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with different resonance structures of similar importance, such as heterocumulenes and mesoionics, are prominent in many applications of chemistry, including 'click chemistry', photochemistry, switching and sensing. In coordination chemistry, similar chameleonic/schizophrenic entities are referred to as ambidentate/ambiphilic or cooperative ligands. Examples of these had remained, for a long time, limited to a handful of archetypal compounds that were mere curiosities. In this Review, we describe ambiphilicity - or, rather, 'charge frustration' - as a general guiding principle for ligand design and functional group transfer. We first give a historical account of organic zwitterions and discuss their electronic structures and applications. Our discussion then focuses on zwitterionic ligands and their metal complexes, such as those of ylidic and redox-active ligands. Finally, we present new approaches to single-atom transfer using cumulated small molecules and outline emerging areas, such as bond activation and stable donor-acceptor ligand systems for reversible 1e- chemistry or switching.
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22
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Shi Y, Pan B, Yu J, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Recent Advances in Applying Carbonyl‐stabilized Phosphorus Ylides for Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Wen Pan
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry CAS Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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23
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Izumi S, Nyga A, de Silva P, Tohnai N, Minakata S, Data P, Takeda Y. Revealing Topological Influence of Phenylenediamine Unit on Physicochemical Properties of Donor-Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Macrocycles. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4098-4103. [PMID: 33094560 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-displaying macrocyclic compound m-1 comprising of two electron-donors (N,N'-diphenyl-m-phenylenediamine) and two electron-acceptors (dibenzo[a,j]phenazine) has been synthesized. The macrocycle developed herein is regarded as a regioisomer of the previously reported TADF macrocycle p-1, which has two N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamines as the donors. To understand the influence of the topology of the phenylenediamine donors on physicochemical properties of TADF-active macrocycles, herein the molecular structure in the single crystals, photophysical properties, electrochemical behavior, and TADF properties of m-1 have been investigated compared with those of p-1. The substitution of p-phenylene donor with m-phenylene donor led to distinct positive solvatoluminochromism over the full visible-color range, unique oxidative electropolymerization, and slightly lower contribution of TADF, due to the lower CT character in the excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Izumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Aleksandra Nyga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr de Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 301, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Science, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
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24
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Kumsampao J, Chaiwai C, Chasing P, Chawanpunyawat T, Namuangruk S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. A Simple and Strong Electron-Deficient 5,6-Dicyano[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole-Cored Donor-Acceptor-Donor Compound for Efficient Near Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3029-3036. [PMID: 32748490 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials in steering the next generation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), effective near infrared (NIR) TADF emitters are still very rare. Here, we present a simple and extremely high electron-deficient compound, 5,6-dicyano[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole (CNBz), as a strong electron-accepting unit to develop a sufficiently strong donor-acceptor (D-A) interaction for NIR emission. End-capping with the electron-donating triphenylamine (TPA) unit created an effective D-A-D type system, giving rise to an efficient NIR TADF emissive molecule (λem =750 nm) with a very small ΔEST of 0.06 eV. The electroluminescent device using this NIR TADF emitter exhibited an excellent performance with a high maximum radiance of 10020 mW Sr-1 m-2 , a maximum EQE of 6.57% and a peak wavelength of 712 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkapan Kumsampao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Chaiyon Chaiwai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Chasing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Thanyarat Chawanpunyawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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25
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Kumar J, Kumar N, Hota PK. Optical properties of 3-substituted indoles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28213-28224. [PMID: 35519093 PMCID: PMC9055839 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05405d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical properties of various donor or acceptor p-phenyl substituted ethenyl indoles were studied in solvents of varying polarity using absorption, fluorescence and TDDFT methods. Ethenyl indole exhibits non-linear optical properties (NLO) in a substituent dependent manner. Compound with a strong electron-attracting substituent, shows large NLO properties with charge transfer behavior, whereas ethenyls with moderate electron withdrawing or electron donating substituent exhibit lower NLO properties with non polar excited state. A highly dipolar excited state for p-nitro phenyl substituted ethenyl indoles (μ e: 18.2-27.1 debye; Δμ: 9.4-17.8 debye) is observed as compared to other ethenyls (μ e: 6.6-9.5 debye; Δμ: 4.2-6.2 debye). From TDDFT study, it is shown that the HOMO-LUMO energy of ethenyl is increased with increasing the electron donating ability of the p-phenyl substitution. The optical band gap of ethenyl 3 without substitution, is decreased upon p-phenyl substitution either with an electron withdrawing (Cl, NO2) or an electron donating (OCH3, OH, NH2) substituent. The compound with a strong electron accepting, p-nitrophenyl ethenyl indole 1 shows 12 times better NLO response as compared to the reference ethenyl indole 3 (β: 1: 115 × 10-30 esu-1 cm5, 3: 9 × 10-30 esu-1 cm5). Ethenyls 2-6 bearing a weak or moderately electron withdrawing or electron accepting substituent, exhibit lower NLO response. The β of ethenyl is increased with increasing the order of electron withdrawing nature of phenyl ring. Overall, a correlation of β with the optical band gap, ground state dipole moment, % of charge transfer in the ground and excited state is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand 246174 India
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26
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Borges ID, Danielli JAV, Silva VEG, Sallum LO, Queiroz JE, Dias LD, Iermak I, Aquino GLB, Camargo AJ, Valverde C, Osório FAP, Baseia B, Napolitano HB. Synthesis and structural studies on ( E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one: a promising nonlinear optical material. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22542-22555. [PMID: 35514582 PMCID: PMC9054580 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fluorinated chalcone (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one was synthesized in 90% yield and crystallized by a slow evaporation technique. Its full structural characterization and purity were determined by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman microspectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis. The fluorinated chalcone crystallized in centrosymmetric space group P21/c stabilized by the C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F interactions and the π⋯π contact. The crystalline environment was simulated through the supermolecule approach where a bulk with 378 000 atoms was built. The electric parameters were calculated at the DFT/CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level as function of the electric field frequency. The macroscopic parameters such as linear refractive index and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3)) were calculated, and the results were compared with experimental data obtained from the literature. The χ (3)-value for the chalcone crystal is 369.294 × 10-22 m2 V-2, higher than those obtained from a few similar types of molecule, showing that the chalcone crystal can be considered as a nonlinear optical material. Also, molecular theoretical calculations such as infrared spectrum assignments, frontier molecular orbital analysis and MEP were implemented, revealing that the most positive region is around the hydrogen atoms of the aromatic rings, and electrophilic attack occurs on the carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Borges
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Centro Universitário de Anápolis 75083-515 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - J A V Danielli
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Centro Universitário de Anápolis 75083-515 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - V E G Silva
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - L O Sallum
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - J E Queiroz
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - L D Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo 13566-590 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - I Iermak
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo 13566-590 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - G L B Aquino
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - A J Camargo
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
| | - C Valverde
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular Aplicada e Simulação, Universidade Paulista 74845-090 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - F A P Osório
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás 74.690-900 Goiânia GO Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás 13566-590 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - B Baseia
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás 74.690-900 Goiânia GO Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba 58051-970 João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - H B Napolitano
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Centro Universitário de Anápolis 75083-515 Anápolis GO Brazil
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás 75001-970 Anápolis GO Brazil
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27
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Yamamoto K, Higuchi K, Kuwata S, Hayashi Y, Kawauchi S, Takata T. Open clamshell dinuclear palladium(ii) complexes possessing out-of-plane anisotropy. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2781-2785. [PMID: 32083632 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Double cyclometalation of planar, oligomeric phenylpyridines yielded dinuclear palladium(ii) complexes with novel out-of-plane anisotropy. An X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the complexes exhibit concave-convex geometry, and 1H NMR measurement evidenced the occurrence of stable out-of-plane anisotropy. The dipole moment and Pd-Pd interaction were investigated by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Higuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 (H-126), Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 (H-126), Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 (H-126), Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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28
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Wu WB, Zeng XP, Zhou J. Carbonyl-Stabilized Phosphorus Ylide as an Organocatalyst for Cyanosilylation Reactions Using TMSCN. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14342-14350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Biao Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Ping Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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29
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Yanbe T, Mizuguchi K, Yamakado R, Okada S. Optical property control of π-electronic systems bearing Lewis pairs by ion coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10654-10657. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Electronic systems bearing Lewis pairs were synthesized. The tuning of the optical properties was demonstrated by the addition of various ion pairs, and these behaviours were elucidated by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yanbe
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Kei Mizuguchi
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamakado
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Shuji Okada
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
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30
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Zhou T, Ji X, Zhang J, Liu L. Phosphine-catalyzed conjugate cyanation of β-trifluoromethyl enones: access to α-trifluoromethyl γ-carbonyl nitriles. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed an efficient conjugate cyanation of β-trifluoromethyl enones with TMSCN mediated by phosphine and methyl acrylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
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31
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Synthesis and properties of bi- and tricyclic 1,3-thiazoline/thiazolidine assemblies linked by an exocyclic С=С double bond. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Jiao J, Kang JX, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Li H, Zhang J, Chen X. Aggregation-Induced Fluorescence of Carbazole and o-Carborane Based Organic Fluorophore. Front Chem 2019; 7:768. [PMID: 31803716 PMCID: PMC6873483 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbazole based fluorophores 9-butyl-3,6-bis-(phenylethynyl)-9H-carbazole (1) and 9-butyl-3,6-bis-(2-phenyl-o-carborane)-9H-carbazole (2) were synthesized via Sonogashira type cross-coupling reaction and followed by insertion with decaborane. Compound 1 exhibited far more intense fluorescence than 2 in THF solution, while in solid state 2 exerted stronger fluorescence than 1. The fluorescence quenching behavior of 2 in THF solution could be attributed to the intramolecular charge transfer of donor-acceptor system in 2, which was confirmed by electrochemical experiments and DFT calculations. The fluorescence enhancement of 2 in solid state can be ascribed to aggregational induced packing which was evidenced by crystallographic study. In addition, compound 2 showed typical aggregation induced emission (AIE) behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia-Xin Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanna Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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33
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Belyaev A, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Karttunen AJ, Chou P, Koshevoy IO. A Facile Molecular Machine: Optically Triggered Counterion Migration by Charge Transfer of Linear Donor‐π‐Acceptor Phosphonium Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13456-13465. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Belyaev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern Finland Yliopistokatu 7 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Cheng
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Zong‐Ying Liu
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto-University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern Finland Yliopistokatu 7 80101 Joensuu Finland
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34
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Kirchner E, Bialas D, Würthner F. Bis(merocyanine) Hetero-Folda-Dimers: Evaluation of Exciton Coupling between Different Types of π-Stacked Chromphores. Chemistry 2019; 25:11294-11301. [PMID: 31257652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exciton coupling between different types of chromophores has been rarely investigated. Herein, a systematic study on the exciton coupling between merocyanine chromophores of different conjugation length with varying excited state energies is presented. In this work well-defined hetero-dimer stacks were obtained upon folding of bis(merocyanine) dyes in nonpolar solvents. They show distinctly different absorption properties in comparison with the spectra of the single chromophores, revealing a significant coupling between the different chromophores. The simulated absorption spectra obtained from time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Our theoretical analysis based on an extension of Kasha's exciton theory discloses strong coupling between the dyes' transition dipole moments despite of an excited-state energy difference of 0.60 eV between the chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kirchner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Belyaev A, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Karttunen AJ, Chou P, Koshevoy IO. A Facile Molecular Machine: Optically Triggered Counterion Migration by Charge Transfer of Linear Donor‐π‐Acceptor Phosphonium Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Belyaev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern Finland Yliopistokatu 7 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Cheng
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Zong‐Ying Liu
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto-University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern Finland Yliopistokatu 7 80101 Joensuu Finland
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36
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Matteucci E, Baschieri A, Sambri L, Monti F, Pavoni E, Bandini E, Armaroli N. Carbazole‐Terpyridine Donor‐Acceptor Dyads with Rigid π‐Conjugated Bridges. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1353-1365. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Matteucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di Bologna Via San Giacomo 11 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Filippo Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Piero Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Eleonora Pavoni
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Piero Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Elisa Bandini
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Piero Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Piero Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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37
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Mathieu S, Trinquier G. Oxidative addition of carbon dioxide into mesoionics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5531-5565. [PMID: 30785431 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the prospect of making stable mesoionic compounds of the type mesomeric betaine R+-CO2- from direct oxidative additions of carbon dioxide to suitably-delocalized singlet carbene moieties, with bold objectives of carbon sequestration and overall energy storage. A set of possible candidates for such mesoionic compounds is theoretically explored through DFT calculations, inspecting coupling paths, thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities, and geometric and electronic structural features. Among others, the addressed cationic parts include aromatic rings in their broader sense, phenalene systems, and odd linear polyenic chains. Various structurally-close neutral alternatives such as oxiranones or carbene-acid forms are also considered. In the linear polyenic chain family, there is stark contrast between 4N + 1 and 4N - 1 lengths, with ensuing substantial consequences for stabilities and structures. Amino substitutions can favor mesoionic arrangements through their cation-stabilizing π-donor properties, further supported by possible strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds, but they can also contribute to weaken their kinetic stability through the existence of stable neutral imino alternatives. All in all, mesoionics including tropylium, phenalene, or 4N + 1 odd polyene frames as cationic parts could be reasonable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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38
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Meier M, Ji L, Nitsch J, Krummenacher I, Deißenberger A, Auerhammer D, Schäfer M, Marder TB, Braunschweig H. Preparation and Characterization of a π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor System Containing the Strongly Electron-Accepting Tetraphenylborolyl Unit. Chemistry 2019; 25:4707-4712. [PMID: 30786077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel thiophene-bridged donor-acceptor system was synthesized with a carbazole as donor and a borole as acceptor unit. The borole group was successfully installed via the tin-boron exchange reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylstannole with 9-(5-(dibromoboryl)thiophen-2-yl)carbazole. The effect of the borole on the optoelectronic properties of the donor-acceptor system was explored by spectroscopic (UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (TD-DFT) methods as well as by modifying its structure. The corresponding donor-acceptor compound bearing the widely employed dimesitylboryl acceptor group was also synthesized for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Auerhammer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Kumar N, Paramasivam M, Kumar J, Gusain A, Hota PK. Tuning of optical properties of p-phenyl ethenyl-E-furans: A Solvatochromism and Density functional theory. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:396-404. [PMID: 30172237 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
p-Phenyl ethenyl-E-furans (1-6) with varied electron donor and acceptor substituent (NO2, CN, Cl, H, OCH3, NH2) were synthesized and studied the substituent induced optical properties (dipole moment, transition dipole moment, oscillator strength, optical band gap, hyperpolarizability) using Solvatochromism and Density functional theory. It is shown that furan acts as a weak electron donor in presence of an electron withdrawing p‑phenyl substituent (NO2, CN, Cl), whereas furan acts as a weak electron acceptor in presence of an electron donating p‑phenyl substituent (OCH3, NH2). In comparison to ethenylfuran 4, the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap is decreased upon increasing the electron donating or electron withdrawing nature of the phenyl ring. Calculation of excited state dipole moment and polarizability of 1-6 in solvent of varying polarity suggest that the nitro and amino compounds (1, 6) exhibit charge transfer excited state, whereas excited state of compounds 3-5 is non-polar in nature. As compared to the ethenylfuran (4), the first hyperpolarizability (β) is increased in presence of a strong electron withdrawing or strong electron donating p‑phenyl substituent. The higher β value is found for ethenylfuran with p‑nitrophenyl and p‑amino phenyl substitution. Overall, these studies provide useful information in tuning the optical properties of p‑phenyl substituted heterocyclic ethenyl systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Campus, Pauri (Garhwal) 246 174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahalingavelar Paramasivam
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Sciences and Technology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Campus, Pauri (Garhwal) 246 174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anamika Gusain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Campus, Pauri (Garhwal) 246 174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Campus, Pauri (Garhwal) 246 174, Uttarakhand, India.
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40
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Rigamonti L, Forni A, Righetto S, Pasini A. Push–pull unsymmetrical substitution in nickel(ii) complexes with tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligands: synthesis, structures and linear–nonlinear optical studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11217-11234. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Push–pull unsymmetrical substitution efficiently modulates the electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties of nickel(ii) complexes with salen-type ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rigamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISTM-CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Stefania Righetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Pasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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41
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Kumari B, Singh A, Jana P, Radhakrishna M, Kanvah S. White light emission in water through admixtures of donor–π–acceptor siblings: experiment and simulation. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
White light emission through binary admixtures of push–pull stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar 382 355
- India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar 382 355
- India
| | - Palash Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar 382 355
- India
| | - Mithun Radhakrishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar 382 355
- India
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar 382 355
- India
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42
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Substituent Dependent Optical Properties of p-phenyl Substituted ethenyl-E-thiophenes. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1207-1216. [PMID: 30151739 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Various electron donor and acceptor substituted (NO2, CN, Cl, H, OCH3, NH2) p-phenyl ethenyl-E- thiophenes (1-6) were synthesized and substituent dependent optical properties (dipole moment, transition dipole moment, oscillator strength, optical band gap, hyperpolarizability) were studied using Solvatochromism and Density functional theory. It is shown that thiophene acts as a weak electron donor in presence of an electron withdrawing p-phenyl substituent (NO2, CN, Cl), whereas thiophene acts as a weak electron acceptor in presence of an electron donating p-phenyl substituent (OCH3, NH2). In comparison to ethenyl thiophene 4, the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap is decreased upon increasing the electron donating or electron withdrawing capacity of p-phenyl substituent. From the excited state dipole moment calculation, it is shown that the excited state is highly dipolar for nitro and amino compounds 1 and 6, whereas compounds 2-5 show a non-polar excited state. As compared to the ethenyl thiophene 4, the first hyperpolarizability (β) increases upon substitution either with a strong electron withdrawing or strong electron donating p-phenyl substituent. A large β value is found for p-nitro phenyl ethenyl-E-thiophene and p-amino phenyl ethenyl-E- thiophene. Overall, these studies provide useful information in understanding the optical properties of phenyl and heterocyclic based ethenyl systems.
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43
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Kong L, Sun Y, Zheng Z, Tang R, Wang M, Li Y. Chemoselective N–H or C-2 Arylation of Indole-2-carboxamides: Controllable Synthesis of Indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-6-ones and 2,3′-Spirobi[indolin]-2′-ones. Org Lett 2018; 20:5251-5255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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44
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Roy RS, Nandi PK. Electronic structure and large second-order non-linear optical property of COT derivatives - a theoretical exploration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18744-18755. [PMID: 29961775 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to design new molecules based on a fused hydrocarbon ring system comprising a COT ring and two 5-membered rings has been proposed for the study of second order NLO properties. The four charge transferring groups -NR2 (R = H, Li, Na and K) in conjunction with a sufficient number of electron withdrawing groups lead to significant variation of structural parameters and polarity. The charge transfer characteristics can be strongly modulated by introducing calcium metal atoms at suitable sites. Ca metal atoms end-capping the nitrogen ends of two adjacent -CN groups lead to electride character while a Ca metal atom bonded directly to the COT ring leads to greater charge transfer. The size of the alkali metal atom has been found to have a dramatic effect on the enhancement of first hyperpolarizability. The most significant electronic asymmetry induced by the larger potassium metal atom strongly enhances the magnitude of first hyperpolarizability. The variation of first hyperpolarizability has been satisfactorily explained in terms of TD-CAMB3LYP calculated spectroscopic parameters in light of the two-state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Sinha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
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45
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Lyons DJM, Crocker RD, Nguyen TV. Stimuli-Responsive Organic Dyes with Tropylium Chromophore. Chemistry 2018; 24:10959-10965. [PMID: 29774976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tropylium ions possess an interesting combination of structural stability and chemical reactivity due to its Hückel aromaticity and its positively charged polyene nature, respectively. Herein we exploit the chemical versatility and unique structural properties of the tropylium ion to derive a family of novel push-pull organic dyes with strong absorption in the visible range via simple and practical synthetic protocols. These stable organic dyes are highly stimuli-responsive, as demonstrated by their sensitivity towards solvent, pH change, redox reaction, Lewis base and counterion, which marks them as potentially useful compounds for opto-electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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46
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Hasegawa E, Izumiya N, Miura T, Ikoma T, Iwamoto H, Takizawa SY, Murata S. Benzimidazolium Naphthoxide Betaine Is a Visible Light Promoted Organic Photoredox Catalyst. J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29537851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazolium naphthoxide (-ONap-BI+) was first synthesized and utilized as an unprecedented betaine photoredox catalyst. Photoexcited state of -ONap-BI+ generated by visible light irradiation catalyzes the reductive deiodination as well as desulfonylation reactions in which 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylbenzimidazoline (Ph-BIH) cooperates with as an electron and hydrogen atom donor. Significant solvent effects on the reaction progress were discovered, and specific solvation toward imidazolium and naphthoxide moieties of -ONap-BI+ was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Norihiro Izumiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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47
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Koch F, Stolte M, Zitzler-Kunkel A, Bialas D, Steinbacher A, Brixner T, Würthner F. Unraveling the structure and exciton coupling for multichromophoric merocyanine dye molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6368-6378. [PMID: 28197618 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relative orientation of chromophores is a key factor in determining the relationship between the structure and the functionality in molecular multichromophore ensembles. In the case of structurally flexible molecular systems in solution, the task to clarify the relevant effects of accessible chromophore orientations with spectroscopic observations is very demanding. In this study, we address this issue by investigating a series of differently connected multichromophoric systems composed of highly dipolar merocyanine dyes that are systematically varied in their substitution pattern and the number of chromophores attached to a bridging benzene ring. Combining electro-optical absorption (EOA) and UV/Vis spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) as well as exciton theory discloses conformational preferences and rationalizes the optical properties of the interacting chromophores. Our findings suggest for all multichromophoric systems there is a relative orientation of the chromophores which compensates for the individual dipole moments of the merocyanine dyes by pointing preferably in opposing directions. These orientations furthermore rationalize the observed spectral properties by partly excitonically-coupled subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Koch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - André Zitzler-Kunkel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Steinbacher
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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48
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Chen XY, Zhang NN, Cai LZ, Li PX, Wang MS, Guo GC. N
-Methyl-4-pyridinium Tetrazolate Zwitterion-Based Photochromic Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:7414-7417. [PMID: 28425125 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Pei-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
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49
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Horak E, Vianello R, Hranjec M, Krištafor S, Zamola GK, Steinberg IM. Benzimidazole acrylonitriles as multifunctional push-pull chromophores: Spectral characterisation, protonation equilibria and nanoaggregation in aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 178:225-233. [PMID: 28199927 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic donor-π-acceptor molecular systems based on an N,N-dimethylamino phenylacrylonitrile benzimidazole skeleton have been characterised and are proposed for potential use in sensing applications. The benzimidazole moiety introduces a broad spectrum of useful multifunctional properties to the system including electron accepting ability, pH sensitivity and compatibility with biomolecules. The photophysical characterisation of the prototropic forms of these chromophores has been carried out in both solution and on immobilisation in polymer films. The experimental results are further supported by computational determination of pKa values. It is noticed that compound 3 forms nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 600nm. All the systems demonstrate spectral pH sensitivity in acidic media which shifts towards near-neutral values upon immobilisation in polymer films or upon aggregation in an aqueous environment (compound 3). The structure-property relationships of these functional chromophores, involving their spectral characteristics, acid-base equilibria, pKa values and aggregation effects have been determined. Potential applications of the molecules as pH and biomolecular sensors are proposed based on their pH sensitivity and AIE properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Horak
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grace Karminski Zamola
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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50
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Furukawa S, Suda Y, Kobayashi J, Kawashima T, Tada T, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Saito M. Triphosphasumanene Trisulfide: High Out-of-Plane Anisotropy and Janus-Type π-Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5787-5792. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Furukawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Suda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Junji Kobayashi
- Department
of Natural Science, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University,
Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials
Research Center for Element Strategy, Department of Innovative and
Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Masaichi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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