1
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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Oluwole AO, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Sheridan MS, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Functional diversity among cardiolipin binding sites on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. EMBO J 2024; 43:2979-3008. [PMID: 38839991 PMCID: PMC11251061 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions play a multitude of essential roles in membrane homeostasis. Mitochondrial membranes have a unique lipid-protein environment that ensures bioenergetic efficiency. Cardiolipin (CL), the signature mitochondrial lipid, plays multiple roles in promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In the inner mitochondrial membrane, the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) exchanges ADP and ATP, enabling OXPHOS. AAC/ANT contains three tightly bound CLs, and these interactions are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in AAC/ANT using a combination of biochemical approaches, native mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of yeast Aac2 and established experimentally that the mutations disrupted the CL interactions. While all mutations destabilized Aac2 tertiary structure, transport activity was impaired in a binding site-specific manner. Additionally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in human ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Abraham O Oluwole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James A Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Macie S Sheridan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Qian J, Zhao T, Guo L, Li S, He Z, He M, Shen B, Fang R. Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier 1 Is Important for the Growth of Toxoplasma Tachyzoites. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0004023. [PMID: 37154708 PMCID: PMC10269819 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00040-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism associated with energy production is highly compartmentalized in eukaryotic cells. During this process, transporters that move metabolites across organelle membranes play pivotal roles. The highly conserved ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) involved in ATP and ADP exchange between the mitochondria and cytoplasm is key to linking the metabolic activities in these 2 compartments. The ATP produced in mitochondria can be exchanged with cytoplasmic ADP by AAC, thus satisfying the energy needs in the cytoplasm. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite with a wide range of hosts. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial metabolism helps Toxoplasma to parasitize diverse host cells. Here, we identified 2 putative mitochondria ADP/ATP carriers in Toxoplasma with significant sequence similarity to known AACs from other eukaryotes. We examined the ATP transport function of TgAACs by expressing them in Escherichia coli cells and found that only TgAAC1 had ATP transport activity. Moreover, knockdown of TgAAC1 caused severe growth defects of parasites and heterologous expression of mouse ANT2 in the TgAAC1 depletion mutant restored its growth, revealing its importance for parasite growth. These results verified that TgAAC1 functions as the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in T. gondii and the functional studies demonstrated the importance of TgAAC1 for tachyzoites growth. IMPORTANCE T. gondii has an efficient and flexible energy metabolism system to meet different growth needs. ATP is an energy-carrying molecule and needs to be exchanged between organelles with the assistance of transporters. However, the function of TgAACs has yet to be characterized. Here, we identified 2 putative AACs of T. gondii and verified that only TgAAC1 had ATP transport activity with expression in the intact E. coli cells. Detailed analyses found that TgAAC1 is critical for the growth of tachyzoites and TgAAC2 is dispensable. Moreover, complementation with mouse ANT2 restored the growth speed of iTgAAC1, further suggesting TgAAC1 functions as a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Our research demonstrated the importance of TgAAC1 for tachyzoites growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Senyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengming He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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Gorgoglione R, Seccia R, Ahmed A, Vozza A, Capobianco L, Lodi A, Marra F, Paradies E, Palmieri L, Coppola V, Dolce V, Fiermonte G. Generation of a Yeast Cell Model Potentially Useful to Identify the Mammalian Mitochondrial N-Acetylglutamate Transporter. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050808. [PMID: 37238678 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) consists of 53 members. Approximately one-fifth of them are still orphans of a function. Most mitochondrial transporters have been functionally characterized by reconstituting the bacterially expressed protein into liposomes and transport assays with radiolabeled compounds. The efficacy of this experimental approach is constrained to the commercial availability of the radiolabeled substrate to be used in the transport assays. A striking example is that of N-acetylglutamate (NAG), an essential regulator of the carbamoyl synthetase I activity and the entire urea cycle. Mammals cannot modulate mitochondrial NAG synthesis but can regulate the levels of NAG in the matrix by exporting it to the cytosol, where it is degraded. The mitochondrial NAG transporter is still unknown. Here, we report the generation of a yeast cell model suitable for identifying the putative mammalian mitochondrial NAG transporter. In yeast, the arginine biosynthesis starts in the mitochondria from NAG which is converted to ornithine that, once transported into cytosol, is metabolized to arginine. The deletion of ARG8 makes yeast cells unable to grow in the absence of arginine since they cannot synthetize ornithine but can still produce NAG. To make yeast cells dependent on a mitochondrial NAG exporter, we moved most of the yeast mitochondrial biosynthetic pathway to the cytosol by expressing four E. coli enzymes, argB-E, able to convert cytosolic NAG to ornithine. Although argB-E rescued the arginine auxotrophy of arg8∆ strain very poorly, the expression of the bacterial NAG synthase (argA), which would mimic the function of a putative NAG transporter increasing the cytosolic levels of NAG, fully rescued the growth defect of arg8∆ strain in the absence of arginine, demonstrating the potential suitability of the model generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Seccia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Federica Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paradies
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Conserved cardiolipin-mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier interactions assume distinct structural and functional roles that are clinically relevant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539595. [PMID: 37205478 PMCID: PMC10187269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) promotes bioenergetics via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Three tightly bound CLs are evolutionarily conserved in the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) which resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and exchanges ADP and ATP to enable OXPHOS. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in the carrier using yeast Aac2 as a model. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of Aac2 to disrupt the CL interactions via electrostatic repulsion. While all mutations disturbing the CL-protein interaction destabilized Aac2 monomeric structure, transport activity was impaired in a pocket-specific manner. Finally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G. Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K. Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B. Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James A. Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eric R. May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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5
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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6
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Heterologous (Over) Expression of Human SoLute Carrier (SLC) in Yeast: A Well-Recognized Tool for Human Transporter Function/Structure Studies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081206. [PMID: 36013385 PMCID: PMC9410066 DOI: 10.3390/life12081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For more than 20 years, yeast has been a widely used system for the expression of human membrane transporters. Among them, more than 400 are members of the largest transporter family, the SLC superfamily. SLCs play critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis by transporting nutrients, ions, and waste products. Based on their involvement in drug absorption and in several human diseases, they are considered emerging therapeutic targets. Despite their critical role in human health, a large part of SLCs' is 'orphans' for substrate specificity or function. Moreover, very few data are available concerning their 3D structure. On the basis of the human health benefits of filling these knowledge gaps, an understanding of protein expression in systems that allow functional production of these proteins is essential. Among the 500 known yeast species, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris represent those most employed for this purpose. This review aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art on the attempts of human SLC expression performed by exploiting yeast. The collected data will hopefully be useful for guiding new attempts in SLCs expression with the aim to reveal new fundamental data that could lead to potential effects on human health.
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7
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Unten Y, Murai M, Koshitaka T, Kitao K, Shirai O, Masuya T, Miyoshi H. Comprehensive understanding of multiple actions of anticancer drug tamoxifen in isolated mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148520. [PMID: 34896079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been widely used in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, whereas it also exhibits ER-independent anticancer effects in various cancer cell types. As one of the convincing mechanisms underlying the ER-independent effects, induction of apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction has been advocated. However, the mechanism of action of tamoxifen even at the isolated mitochondrial level is not fully understood and remains controversial. Here, we attempted to comprehensively understand tamoxifen's multiple actions in isolated rat liver mitochondria through not only revisiting the actions hitherto reported but also conducting originally designed experiments. Using submitochondrial particles, we found that tamoxifen has potential as an inhibitor of both respiratory complex I and ATP synthase. However, these inhibitory effects were not elicited in intact mitochondria, likely because penetration of tamoxifen across the inner mitochondrial membrane is highly restricted owing to its localized positive charge (-N+H(CH3)2). This restricted penetration may also explain why tamoxifen is unable to function as a protonophore-type uncoupler in mitochondria. Moreover, tamoxifen suppressed opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore induced by Ca2+ overload through enhancing phosphate uptake into the matrix. The photoaffinity labeling experiments using a photolabile tamoxifen derivative (pTAM1) indicated that pTAM1 specifically binds to voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) 1 and 3, which regulate transport of various substances into mitochondria. The binding of tamoxifen to VDAC1 and/or VDAC3 could be responsible for the enhancement of phosphate uptake. Taking all the results together, we consider the principal impairment of mitochondrial functions caused by tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Unten
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoki Koshitaka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kitao
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Shirai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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8
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Drosophila melanogaster Uncoupling Protein-4A (UCP4A) Catalyzes a Unidirectional Transport of Aspartate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031020. [PMID: 35162943 PMCID: PMC8834685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) form a distinct subfamily of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) SLC25. Four UCPs, DmUCP4A-C and DmUCP5, have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster on the basis of their sequence homology with mammalian UCP4 and UCP5. In a Parkinson’s disease model, DmUCP4A showed a protective role against mitochondrial dysfunction, by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis. To date, DmUCP4A is still an orphan of a biochemical function, although its possible involvement in mitochondrial uncoupling has been ruled out. Here, we show that DmUCP4A expressed in bacteria and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles catalyzes a unidirectional transport of aspartate, which is saturable and inhibited by mercurials and other mitochondrial carrier inhibitors to various degrees. Swelling experiments carried out in yeast mitochondria have demonstrated that the unidirectional transport of aspartate catalyzed by DmUCP4 is not proton-coupled. The biochemical function of DmUCP4A has been further confirmed in a yeast cell model, in which growth has required an efflux of aspartate from mitochondria. Notably, DmUCP4A is the first UCP4 homolog from any species to be biochemically characterized. In Drosophila melanogaster, DmUCP4A could be involved in the transport of aspartate from mitochondria to the cytosol, in which it could be used for protein and nucleotide synthesis, as well as in the biosynthesis of ß-alanine and N-acetylaspartate, which play key roles in signal transmission in the central nervous system.
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Unten Y, Murai M, Sakai K, Asami Y, Yamamoto T, Masuya T, Miyoshi H. Natural tetramic acids elicit multiple inhibitory actions against mitochondrial machineries presiding over oxidative phosphorylation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2368-2377. [PMID: 34625801 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial machineries presiding over ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation are promising druggable targets. Fusaramin, a 3-acyl tetramic acid isolated from Fusarium concentricum FKI-7550, is an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria, although its target has yet to be identified. Fusaramin significantly interfered with [3H]ADP uptake by yeast mitochondria at the concentration range inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. A photoreactive fusaramin derivative (pFS-5) specifically labeled voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), which facilitates trafficking of ADP/ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane. These results strongly suggest that the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by fusaramin is predominantly attributable to the impairment of VDAC1 functions. Fusaramin also inhibited FoF1-ATP synthase and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) at concentrations higher than those required for the VDAC inhibition. Considering that other tetramic acid derivatives are reported to inhibit FoF1-ATP synthase and complex III, natural tetramic acids were found to elicit multiple inhibitory actions against mitochondrial machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Unten
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Asami
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Production, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Learning from Yeast about Mitochondrial Carriers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102044. [PMID: 34683364 PMCID: PMC8539049 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that play an important role in both energetic and synthetic metabolism of eukaryotic cells. The flow of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix is controlled by a set of highly selective carrier proteins localised in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As defects in the transport of these molecules may affect cell metabolism, mutations in genes encoding for mitochondrial carriers are involved in numerous human diseases. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our understanding of many fundamental processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, the yeast is also exceptionally well suited for investigation of mitochondrial carriers. This article reviews the advantages of using yeast to study mitochondrial carriers with the focus on addressing the involvement of these carriers in human diseases.
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11
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Kerr M, Dennis KMJH, Carr CA, Fuller W, Berridge G, Rohling S, Aitken CL, Lopez C, Fischer R, Miller JJ, Clarke K, Tyler DJ, Heather LC. Diabetic mitochondria are resistant to palmitoyl CoA inhibition of respiration, which is detrimental during ischemia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21765. [PMID: 34318967 PMCID: PMC8662312 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100394r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive lipid intermediate palmitoyl CoA (PCoA) can inhibit mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport, though the physiological relevance of this regulation remains unclear. We questioned whether myocardial ischemia provides a pathological setting in which PCoA regulation of ADP/ATP transport would be beneficial, and secondly, whether the chronically elevated lipid content within the diabetic heart could make mitochondria less sensitive to the effects of PCoA. PCoA acutely decreased ADP‐stimulated state 3 respiration and increased the apparent Km for ADP twofold. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PCoA in control mitochondria was 22 µM. This inhibitory effect of PCoA on respiration was blunted in diabetic mitochondria, with no significant difference in the Km for ADP in the presence of PCoA, and an increase in the IC50 to 32 µM PCoA. The competitive inhibition by PCoA was localised to the phosphorylation apparatus, particularly the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC). During ischemia, the AAC imports ATP into the mitochondria, where it is hydrolysed by reversal of the ATP synthase, regenerating the membrane potential. Addition of PCoA dose‐dependently prevented this wasteful ATP hydrolysis for membrane repolarisation during ischemia, however, this beneficial effect was blunted in diabetic mitochondria. Finally, using 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy we demonstrated that diabetic hearts lose ATP more rapidly during ischemia, with a threefold higher ATP decay rate compared with control hearts. In conclusion, PCoA plays a role in protecting mitochondrial energetics during ischemia, by preventing wasteful ATP hydrolysis. However, this beneficial effect is blunted in diabetes, contributing to the impaired energy metabolism seen during myocardial ischemia in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K M J H Dennis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Berridge
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Rohling
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C L Aitken
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Jaiquel Baron S, King MS, Kunji ER, Schirris TJ. Characterization of drug-induced human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier inhibition. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5077-5091. [PMID: 33859735 PMCID: PMC8039944 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of commonly prescribed drugs are known to interfere with mitochondrial function, causing cellular toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Although often not considered, mitochondrial transport proteins form a significant class of potential mitochondrial off-targets. So far, most drug interactions have been reported for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC), which exchanges cytosolic ADP for mitochondrial ATP. Here, we show inhibition of cellular respiratory capacity by only a subset of the 18 published AAC inhibitors, which questions whether all compound do indeed inhibit such a central metabolic process. This could be explained by the lack of a simple, direct model system to evaluate and compare drug-induced AAC inhibition. Methods: For its development, we have expressed and purified human AAC1 (hAAC1) and applied two approaches. In the first, thermostability shift assays were carried out to investigate the binding of these compounds to human AAC1. In the second, the effect of these compounds on transport was assessed in proteoliposomes with reconstituted human AAC1, enabling characterization of their inhibition kinetics. Results: Of the proposed inhibitors, chebulinic acid, CD-437 and suramin are the most potent with IC50-values in the low micromolar range, whereas another six are effective at a concentration of 100 μM. Remarkably, half of all previously published AAC inhibitors do not show significant inhibition in our assays, indicating that they are false positives. Finally, we show that inhibitor strength correlates with a negatively charged surface area of the inhibitor, matching the positively charged surface of the substrate binding site. Conclusion: Consequently, we have provided a straightforward model system to investigate AAC inhibition and have gained new insights into the chemical compound features important for inhibition. Better evaluation methods of drug-induced inhibition of mitochondrial transport proteins will contribute to the development of drugs with an enhanced safety profile.
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13
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Raho S, Capobianco L, Malivindi R, Vozza A, Piazzolla C, De Leonardis F, Gorgoglione R, Scarcia P, Pezzuto F, Agrimi G, Barile SN, Pisano I, Reshkin SJ, Greco MR, Cardone RA, Rago V, Li Y, Marobbio CMT, Sommergruber W, Riley CL, Lasorsa FM, Mills E, Vegliante MC, De Benedetto GE, Fratantonio D, Palmieri L, Dolce V, Fiermonte G. KRAS-regulated glutamine metabolism requires UCP2-mediated aspartate transport to support pancreatic cancer growth. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1373-1381. [PMID: 33230296 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic KRAS mutation has a critical role in the initiation of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) since it rewires glutamine metabolism to increase reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production, balancing cellular redox homeostasis with macromolecular synthesis1,2. Mitochondrial glutamine-derived aspartate must be transported into the cytosol to generate metabolic precursors for NADPH production2. The mitochondrial transporter responsible for this aspartate efflux has remained elusive. Here, we show that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) catalyses this transport and promotes tumour growth. UCP2-silenced KRASmut cell lines display decreased glutaminolysis, lower NADPH/NADP+ and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios and higher reactive oxygen species levels compared to wild-type counterparts. UCP2 silencing reduces glutaminolysis also in KRASWT PDAC cells but does not affect their redox homeostasis or proliferation rates. In vitro and in vivo, UCP2 silencing strongly suppresses KRASmut PDAC cell growth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that UCP2 plays a vital role in PDAC, since its aspartate transport activity connects the mitochondrial and cytosolic reactions necessary for KRASmut rewired glutamine metabolism2, and thus it should be considered a key metabolic target for the treatment of this refractory tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Raho
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Piazzolla
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Leonardis
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Pezzuto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona N Barile
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria R Greco
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa A Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Carlo M T Marobbio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Edward Mills
- Division of Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria C Vegliante
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere scientifico-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.
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14
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A Single Cysteine Residue in the Translocation Pathway of the Mitosomal ADP/ATP Carrier from Cryptosporidium parvum Confers a Broad Nucleotide Specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238971. [PMID: 33255957 PMCID: PMC7730227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiumparvum is a clinically important eukaryotic parasite that causes the disease cryptosporidiosis, which manifests with gastroenteritis-like symptoms. The protist has mitosomes, which are organelles of mitochondrial origin that have only been partially characterized. The genome encodes a highly reduced set of transport proteins of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family of unknown function. Here, we have studied the transport properties of one member of the C. parvum carrier family, demonstrating that it resembles the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier of eukaryotes. However, this carrier has a broader substrate specificity for nucleotides, transporting adenosine, thymidine, and uridine di- and triphosphates in contrast to its mitochondrial orthologues, which have a strict substrate specificity for ADP and ATP. Inspection of the putative translocation pathway highlights a cysteine residue, which is a serine in mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers. When the serine residue is replaced by cysteine or larger hydrophobic residues in the yeast mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, the substrate specificity becomes broad, showing that this residue is important for nucleotide base selectivity in ADP/ATP carriers.
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15
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Sakai K, Unten Y, Iwatsuki M, Matsuo H, Fukasawa W, Hirose T, Chinen T, Nonaka K, Nakashima T, Sunazuka T, Usui T, Murai M, Miyoshi H, Asami Y, Ōmura S, Shiomi K. Fusaramin, an antimitochondrial compound produced by Fusarium sp., discovered using multidrug-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:645-652. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Unten Y, Murai M, Yamamoto T, Watanabe A, Ichimaru N, Aburaya S, Aoki W, Shinohara Y, Miyoshi H. Pentenediol-Type Compounds Specifically Bind to Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria. Biochemistry 2019; 58:1141-1154. [PMID: 30657320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) situated in the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates the transfer of various metabolites and is a key player in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Although many small chemicals that modulate the functions of VDAC1 have been reported to date, most, if not all, of them cannot be regarded as specific reagents due to their interactions with other transporters or enzymes. By screening our chemical libraries using isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria, we found pentenediol (PTD)-type compounds (e.g., PTD-023) as new specific inhibitors of VDAC1. PTD-023 inhibited overall ADP-uptake/ATP-release reactions in isolated mitochondria at a single digit μM level. To identify the binding position of PTDs in VDAC1 by visualizing PTD-bound peptides, we conducted ligand-directed tosyl (LDT) chemistry using the synthetic LDT reagent t-PTD-023 derived from the parent PTD-023 in combination with mutagenesis experiments. t-PTD-023 made a covalent bond predominantly and subsidiarily with nucleophilic Cys210 and Cys130, respectively, indicating that PTDs bind to the region interactive with both residues. Site-directed mutations of hydrogen bond-acceptable Asp139 and Glu152 to Ala, which were selected as potential interactive partners of the critical pentenediol moiety based on the presumed binding model of PTDs in VDAC1, resulted in a decrease in susceptibility against PTD-023. This result strongly suggests that PTDs bind to VDAC1 through a specific hydrogen bond with the two residues. The present study is the first to demonstrate the binding position of specific inhibitors of VDAC1 at the amino acid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Unten
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research , University of Tokushima , Kuramotocho-3 , Tokushima 770-8503 , Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Institute for Genome Research , University of Tokushima , Kuramotocho-3 , Tokushima 770-8503 , Japan
| | - Naoya Ichimaru
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research , University of Tokushima , Kuramotocho-3 , Tokushima 770-8503 , Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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17
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Li Y, Cappello AR, Muto L, Martello E, Madeo M, Curcio R, Lunetti P, Raho S, Zaffino F, Frattaruolo L, Lappano R, Malivindi R, Maggiolini M, Aiello D, Piazzolla C, Capobianco L, Fiermonte G, Dolce V. Functional characterization of the partially purified Sac1p independent adenine nucleotide transport system (ANTS) from yeast endoplasmic reticulum. J Biochem 2018; 164:313-322. [PMID: 29893873 PMCID: PMC7109914 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ATP-depending reactions take place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER the existence of a Sac1p-dependent ATP transport system was already known, its direct involvement in ATP transport was excluded. Here we report an extensive biochemical characterization of a partially purified adenine nucleotide transport system (ANTS) not dependent on Sac1p. Highly purified ER membranes from the wild-type and Δsac1 yeast strains reconstituted into liposomes transported ATP with the same efficiency. A chromatography on hydroxyapatite was used to partially purify ANTS from Δsac1 ER extract. The two ANTS-enriched transport activity eluted fractions showed essentially the presence of four bands, one having an apparent MW of 56 kDa, similar to that observed for ANTS identified in rat liver ER. The two fractions reconstituted into liposomes efficiently transported, by a strict counter-exchange mechanism, ATP and ADP. ATP transport was saturable with a Km of 0.28 mM. The ATP/ADP exchange mechanism and the kinetic constants suggest that the main physiological role of ANTS is to catalyse the transport of ATP into ER, where it is used in several energy-requiring reactions and to export back to the cytosol the ADP produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luigina Muto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marianna Madeo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Susanna Raho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaffino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Piazzolla
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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18
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Woznicka-Misaila A, Juillan-Binard C, Baud D, Pebay-Peyroula E, Ravaud S. Cell-free production, purification and characterization of human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 144:46-54. [PMID: 29217202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Carriers (MCs) are responsible for fluent traffic of a variety of compounds that need to be shuttled via mitochondrial inner membranes to maintain cell metabolism. The ADP/ATP Carriers (AACs) are responsible for the import of ADP inside the mitochondria and the export of newly synthesized ATP. In human, four different AACs isoforms are described which are expressed in tissue-specific manner. They are involved in different genetic diseases and play a role in cancerogenesis. Up to now only the structures of the bovine (isoform 1) and yeast (isoforms 2 and 3) AAC have been determined in one particular conformation, obtained in complex with the CATR inhibitor. Herein, we report that full-length human ADP/ATP Carriers isoform 1 and 3 were successfully expressed in cell-free system and purified in milligram amounts in detergent-solubilized state. The proteins exhibited the expected secondary structure content. Thermostability profiles showing stabilization by the CATR inhibitor suggest that the carriers are well folded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Juillan-Binard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Baud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Pebay-Peyroula
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Ravaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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19
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Lu YW, Acoba MG, Selvaraju K, Huang TC, Nirujogi RS, Sathe G, Pandey A, Claypool SM. Human adenine nucleotide translocases physically and functionally interact with respirasomes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1489-1506. [PMID: 28404750 PMCID: PMC5449148 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of interactions for human adenine nucleotide translocases, required for oxidative phosphorylation, is reported. Of particular interest is an evolutionarily conserved and functionally important association with respiratory supercomplexes, which is surprising because the respirasomes of yeast and mammals are different. Members of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family exchange ADP for ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane, an activity that is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mutations in or dysregulation of ANTs is associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy, nonsyndromic intellectual disability, apoptosis, and the Warburg effect. Binding partners of human ANTs have not been systematically identified. The absence of such information has prevented a detailed molecular understanding of the assorted ANT-associated diseases, including insight into their disparate phenotypic manifestations. To fill this void, in this study, we define the interactomes of two human ANT isoforms. Analogous to its yeast counterpart, human ANTs associate with heterologous partner proteins, including the respiratory supercomplex (RSC) and other solute carriers. The evolutionarily conserved ANT–RSC association is particularly noteworthy because the composition, and thereby organization, of RSCs in yeast and human is different. Surprisingly, absence of the major ANT isoform only modestly impairs OXPHOS in HEK293 cells, indicating that the low levels of other isoforms provide functional redundancy. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of OXPHOS expression and function inhibits ANT-dependent ADP/ATP exchange. Thus ANTs and the OXPHOS machinery physically interact and functionally cooperate to enhance ANT transport capacity and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Michelle Grace Acoba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Kandasamy Selvaraju
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Tai-Chung Huang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Raja S Nirujogi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
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20
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Wang Y, Song X, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zou X. Effects of nitrogen availability on polymalic acid biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:146. [PMID: 27549441 PMCID: PMC4994417 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymalic acid (PMA) is a novel polyester polymer that has been broadly used in the medical and food industries. Its monomer, L-malic acid, is also a potential C4 platform chemical. However, little is known about the mechanism of PMA biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen concentration on cell growth and PMA biosynthesis were investigated via comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, and a related signaling pathway was also evaluated. Results A high final PMA titer of 44.00 ± 3.65 g/L (49.9 ± 4.14 g/L of malic acid after hydrolysis) was achieved in a 5-L fermentor under low nitrogen concentration (2 g/L of NH4NO3), which was 18.3 % higher yield than that obtained under high nitrogen concentration (10 g/L of NH4NO3). Comparative transcriptomics profiling revealed that a set of genes, related to the ribosome, ribosome biogenesis, proteasome, and nitrogen metabolism, were significantly up- or down-regulated under nitrogen sufficient conditions, which could be regulated by the TOR signaling pathway. Fourteen protein spots were identified via proteomics analysis, and were found to be associated with cell division and growth, energy metabolism, and the glycolytic pathway. qRT-PCR further confirmed that the expression levels of key genes involved in the PMA biosynthetic pathway (GLK, CS, FUM, DAT, and MCL) and the TOR signaling pathway (GS, TOR1, Tap42, and Gat1) were upregulated due to nitrogen limitation. Under rapamycin stress, PMA biosynthesis was obviously inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and the transcription levels of TOR1, MCL, and DAT were also downregulated. Conclusions The level of nitrogen could regulate cell growth and PMA biosynthesis. Low concentration of nitrogen was beneficial for PMA biosynthesis, which could upregulate the expression of key genes involved in the PMA biosynthesis pathway. Cell growth and PMA biosynthesis might be mediated by the TOR signaling pathway in response to nitrogen. This study will help us to deeply understand the molecular mechanisms of PMA biosynthesis, and to develop an effective process for the production of PMA and malic acid chemicals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0547-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China. .,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sugahara R, Jouraku A, Nakakura T, Kusakabe T, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y, Miyoshi H, Shiotsuki T. Two adenine nucleotide translocase paralogues involved in cell proliferation and spermatogenesis in the silkworm Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119429. [PMID: 25742135 PMCID: PMC4351007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) specifically acts in ADP/ATP exchange through the mitochondrial inner membrane. This transporter protein thereby plays a significant role in energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Most mammals have four paralogous ANT genes (ANT1-4) and utilize these paralogues in different types of cells. The fourth paralogue of ANT (ANT4) is present only in mammals and reptiles and is exclusively expressed in testicular germ cells where it is required for meiotic progression in the spermatocytes. Here, we report that silkworms harbor two ANT paralogues, the homeostatic paralogue (BmANTI1) and the testis-specific paralogue (BmANTI2). The BmANTI2 protein has an N-terminal extension in which the positions of lysine residues in the amino acid sequence are distributed as in human ANT4. An expression analysis showed that BmANTI2 transcripts were restricted to the testis, suggesting the protein has a role in the progression of spermatogenesis. By contrast, BmANTI1 was expressed in all tissues tested, suggesting it has an important role in homeostasis. We also observed that cultured silkworm cells required BmANTI1 for proliferation. The ANTI1 protein of the lepidopteran Plutella xylostella (PxANTI1), but not those of other insect species (or PxANTI2), restored cell proliferation in BmANTI1-knockdown cells suggesting that ANTI1 has similar energy metabolism functions across the Lepidoptera. Our results suggest that BmANTI2 is evolutionarily divergent from BmANTI1 and has developed a specific role in spermatogenesis similar to that of mammalian ANT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sugahara
- Insect Growth Regulation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Insect Genome Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayo Nakakura
- Insect Growth Regulation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Silkworm Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiotsuki
- Insect Growth Regulation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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22
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Monné M, Palmieri F. Antiporters of the mitochondrial carrier family. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 73:289-320. [PMID: 24745987 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800223-0.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic transport protein family SLC25 consists of mitochondrial carriers (MCs) that are recognized on the sequence level by a threefold repeated and conserved signature motif. The majority of MCs characterized so far catalyzes strict exchanges of substrates across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The substrates are nucleotides, metabolic intermediates, and cofactors that are required in cytoplasmic and matrix metabolism. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the antiport mechanism(s) of MCs that has been deduced from determining transport characteristics and by analyzing structural, sequence, and mutagenesis data. The mode of transport varies among different MCs with respect to how the substrate translocation depends on the electrical and pH gradients across the mitochondrial inner membrane, for example, the ADP/ATP carrier is electrogenic (electrophoretic), the GTP/GDP carrier is dependent on the pH gradient, the aspartate/glutamate carrier is dependent on both, and the oxoglutarate/malate carrier is independent of them. The structure of the bovine ADP/ATP carrier consists of a six-transmembrane α-helix bundle with a pseudo-threefold symmetry and a closed matrix gate. By using this structure as a template in homology modeling, residues engaged in substrate binding and the formation of a cytoplasmic gate in MCs have been proposed. The functional importance of the residues of the binding site, the matrix, and the cytoplasmic gates is supported by transport activities of different MCs with single point mutations. Cumulative evidence has been used to postulate a general transport mechanism for MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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23
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Clémençon B, Babot M, Trézéguet V. The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (SLC25 family): pathological implications of its dysfunction. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:485-93. [PMID: 23506884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In aerobic eukaryotic cells, the high energy metabolite ATP is generated mainly within the mitochondria following the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial ATP is exported to the cytoplasm using a specialized transport protein, the ADP/ATP carrier, to provide energy to the cell. Any deficiency or dysfunction of this membrane protein leads to serious consequences on cell metabolism and can cause various diseases such as muscular dystrophy. Described as a decisive player in the programmed cell death, it was recently shown to play a role in cancer. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the involvement of the ADP/ATP carrier, encoded by the SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6 and SLC25A31 genes, in human diseases and of the efforts made at designing different model systems to study this carrier and the associated pathologies through biochemical, genetic, and structural approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clémençon
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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24
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Adenine nucleotide translocase, mitochondrial stress, and degenerative cell death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:146860. [PMID: 23970947 PMCID: PMC3732615 DOI: 10.1155/2013/146860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in ATP synthesis, apoptosis, calcium signaling, metabolism, and the synthesis of critical metabolic cofactors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age-related degenerative diseases. How mitochondrial dysfunction causes cell degeneration is not well understood. Recent studies have shown that mutations in the adenine nucleotide translocase (Ant) cause aging-dependent degenerative cell death (DCD) in yeast, which is sequentially manifested by inner membrane stress, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss, and progressive loss of cell viability. Ant is an abundant protein primarily involved in ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It also mediates basal proton leak and regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Missense mutations in the human Ant1 cause several degenerative diseases which are commonly manifested by fractional mtDNA deletions. Multiple models have been proposed to explain the Ant1-induced pathogenesis. Studies from yeast have suggested that in addition to altered nucleotide transport properties, the mutant proteins cause a global stress on the inner membrane. The mutant proteins likely interfere with general mitochondrial biogenesis in a dominant-negative manner, which secondarily destabilizes mtDNA. More recent work revealed that the Ant-induced DCD is suppressed by reduced cytosolic protein synthesis. This finding suggests a proteostatic crosstalk between mitochondria and the cytosol, which may play an important role for cell survival during aging.
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25
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Mifsud J, Ravaud S, Krammer EM, Chipot C, Kunji ERS, Pebay-Peyroula E, Dehez F. The substrate specificity of the human ADP/ATP carrier AAC1. Mol Membr Biol 2013; 30:160-8. [PMID: 23173940 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.745175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier imports ADP from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix for its conversion to ATP by ATP synthase and exports ATP out of the mitochondrion to replenish the eukaryotic cell with chemical energy. Here the substrate specificity of the human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier AAC1 was determined by two different approaches. In the first the protein was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli membranes as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein and the effect of excess of unlabeled compounds on the uptake of [(32)P]-ATP was measured. In the second approach the protein was expressed in the cytoplasmic membrane of Lactococcus lactis. The uptake of [(14)C]-ADP in whole cells was measured in the presence of excess of unlabeled compounds and in fused membrane vesicles loaded with unlabeled compounds to demonstrate their transport. A large number of nucleotides were tested, but only ADP and ATP are suitable substrates for human AAC1, demonstrating a very narrow specificity. Next we tried to understand the molecular basis of this specificity by carrying out molecular-dynamics simulations with selected nucleotides, which were placed at the entrance of the central cavity. The binding of the phosphate groups of guanine and adenine nucleotides is similar, yet there is a low probability for the base moiety to be bound, likely to be rooted in the greater polarity of guanine compared to adenine. AMP is unlikely to engage fully with all contact points of the substrate binding site, suggesting that it cannot trigger translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mifsud
- The Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Strauss KA, DuBiner L, Simon M, Zaragoza M, Sengupta PP, Li P, Narula N, Dreike S, Platt J, Procaccio V, Ortiz-González XR, Puffenberger EG, Kelley RI, Morton DH, Narula J, Wallace DC. Severity of cardiomyopathy associated with adenine nucleotide translocator-1 deficiency correlates with mtDNA haplogroup. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3453-8. [PMID: 23401503 PMCID: PMC3587196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300690110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins can cause cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, the cardiac phenotype of nuclear DNA mitochondrial mutations might be modulated by mtDNA variation. We studied a 13-generation Mennonite pedigree with autosomal recessive myopathy and cardiomyopathy due to an SLC25A4 frameshift null mutation (c.523delC, p.Q175RfsX38), which codes for the heart-muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator-1. Ten homozygous null (adenine nucleotide translocator-1(-/-)) patients monitored over a median of 6 years had a phenotype of progressive myocardial thickening, hyperalaninemia, lactic acidosis, exercise intolerance, and persistent adrenergic activation. Electrocardiography and echocardiography with velocity vector imaging revealed abnormal contractile mechanics, myocardial repolarization abnormalities, and impaired left ventricular relaxation. End-stage heart disease was characterized by massive, symmetric, concentric cardiac hypertrophy; widespread cardiomyocyte degeneration; overabundant and structurally abnormal mitochondria; extensive subendocardial interstitial fibrosis; and marked hypertrophy of arteriolar smooth muscle. Substantial variability in the progression and severity of heart disease segregated with maternal lineage, and sequencing of mtDNA from five maternal lineages revealed two major European haplogroups, U and H. Patients with the haplogroup U mtDNAs had more rapid and severe cardiomyopathy than those with haplogroup H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603
- Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602
| | - Lauren DuBiner
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603
| | - Mariella Simon
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Michael Zaragoza
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | - Peng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10019
| | - Sandra Dreike
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI 96826
| | - Julia Platt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, National Center for Neurodegenerative and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d' Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Xilma R. Ortiz-González
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Erik G. Puffenberger
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603
| | - Richard I. Kelley
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - D. Holmes Morton
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603
- Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602
| | | | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
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27
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Peña-Diaz P, Pelosi L, Ebikeme C, Colasante C, Gao F, Bringaud F, Voncken F. Functional characterization of TbMCP5, a conserved and essential ADP/ATP carrier present in the mitochondrion of the human pathogen Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41861-74. [PMID: 23074217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.404699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid parasite of medical and veterinary importance. Its digenetic life cycle alternates between the bloodstream form in the mammalian host and the procyclic form (PCF) in the bloodsucking insect vector, the tsetse fly. PCF trypanosomes rely in the glucose-depleted environment of the insect vector primarily on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of proline for their cellular ATP provision. We previously identified two T. brucei mitochondrial carrier family proteins, TbMCP5 and TbMCP15, with significant sequence similarity to functionally characterized ADP/ATP carriers from other eukaryotes. Comprehensive sequence analysis confirmed that TbMCP5 contains canonical ADP/ATP carrier sequence features, whereas they are not conserved in TbMCP15. Heterologous expression in the ANC-deficient yeast strain JL1Δ2Δ3u(-) revealed that only TbMCP5 was able to restore its growth on the non-fermentable carbon source lactate. Transport studies in yeast mitochondria showed that TbMCP5 has biochemical properties and ADP/ATP exchange kinetics similar to those of Anc2p, the prototypical ADP/ATP carrier of S. cerevisiae. Immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis confirmed that TbMCP5 is exclusively mitochondrial and is differentially expressed with 4.5-fold more TbMCP5 in the procyclic form of the parasite. Silencing of TbMCP5 expression in PCF T. brucei revealed that this ADP/ATP carrier is essential for parasite growth, particularly when depending on proline for energy generation. Moreover, ADP/ATP exchange in isolated T. brucei mitochondria was eliminated upon TbMCP5 depletion. These results confirmed that TbMCP5 functions as the main ADP/ATP carrier in the trypanosome mitochondrion. The important role of TbMCP5 in the T. brucei energy metabolism is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Peña-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HU6 7RX Hull, United Kingdom
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28
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Long AR, O'Brien CC, Alder NN. The cell-free integration of a polytopic mitochondrial membrane protein into liposomes occurs cotranslationally and in a lipid-dependent manner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46332. [PMID: 23050015 PMCID: PMC3457961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ADP/ATP Carrier (AAC) is the most abundant transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The central role that this transporter plays in cellular energy production highlights the importance of understanding its structure, function, and the basis of its pathologies. As a means of preparing proteoliposomes for the study of membrane proteins, several groups have explored the use of cell-free translation systems to facilitate membrane protein integration directly into preformed unilamellar vesicles without the use of surfactants. Using AAC as a model, we report for the first time the detergent-free reconstitution of a mitochondrial inner membrane protein into liposomes using a wheat germ-based in vitro translation system. Using a host of independent approaches, we demonstrate the efficient integration of AAC into vesicles with an inner membrane-mimetic lipid composition and, more importantly, that the integrated AAC is functionally active in transport. By adding liposomes at different stages of the translation reaction, we show that this direct integration is obligatorily cotranslational, and by synthesizing stable ribosome-bound nascent chain intermediates, we show that the nascent AAC polypeptide interacts with lipid vesicles while ribosome-bound. Finally, we show that the presence of the phospholipid cardiolipin in the liposomes specifically enhances AAC translation rate as well as the efficiency of vesicle association and integration. In light of these results, the possible mechanisms of liposome-assisted membrane protein integration during cell-free translation are discussed with respect to the mode of integration and the role of specific lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Long
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Catherine C. O'Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
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29
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Babot M, Blancard C, Zeman I, Lauquin GJM, Trézéguet V. Mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier: preventing conformational changes by point mutations inactivates nucleotide transport activity. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7348-56. [PMID: 22928843 DOI: 10.1021/bi300978z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (Ancp) is a paradigm of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF); its members allow metabolic fluxes between mitochondria and the cytosol. The members of the MCF share numerous structural and functional characteristics. Ancp is very specifically inhibited by two classes of compounds, which stabilize the carrier in two different conformations involved in nucleotide transport. Resolution of the atomic structure of the bovine Ancp, in complex with one of its specific inhibitors, is that of the carrier open toward the intermembrane space. To gain insights into the interconversion from one conformation to the other, we introduced point mutations in the yeast carrier at positions Cys73 in the first matrix loop and Tyr97 and Gly298 in transmembrane helices 2 and 6. We demonstrate in this paper that they impair stabilization of the carrier in one conformation or the other, resulting in an almost complete inactivation of nucleotide transport in both cases. The results are discussed on the basis of the atomic structure of the conformation open to the cytosol. These mutant proteins could afford convenient tools for undertaking structural studies of both conformations of the yeast carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Babot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Univ. de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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30
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Ravaud S, Bidon-Chanal A, Blesneac I, Machillot P, Juillan-Binard C, Dehez F, Chipot C, Pebay-Peyroula E. Impaired transport of nucleotides in a mitochondrial carrier explains severe human genetic diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1164-9. [PMID: 22497660 DOI: 10.1021/cb300012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) is a prominent actor in the energetic regulation of the cell, importing ADP into the mitochondria and exporting ATP toward the cytoplasm. Severe genetic diseases have been ascribed to specific mutations in this membrane protein. How minute, well-localized modifications of the transporter impact the function of the mitochondria remains, however, largely unclear. Here, for the first time, the relationship between all documented pathological mutations of the AAC and its transport properties is established. Activity measurements combined synergistically with molecular-dynamics simulations demonstrate how all documented pathological mutations alter the binding affinity and the translocation kinetics of the nucleotides. Throwing a bridge between the pathologies and their molecular origins, these results reveal two distinct mechanisms responsible for AAC-related genetic disorders, wherein the mutations either modulate the association of the nucleotides to the carrier by modifying its electrostatic signature or reduce its conformational plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ravaud
- Université
Grenoble 1,
IBS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027
Grenoble cedex 1, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Axel Bidon-Chanal
- Nancy Université, BP239,
54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
- CNRS, SRSMC, Nancy, France
| | - Iulia Blesneac
- Université
Grenoble 1,
IBS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027
Grenoble cedex 1, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Université
Grenoble 1,
IBS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027
Grenoble cedex 1, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Juillan-Binard
- Université
Grenoble 1,
IBS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027
Grenoble cedex 1, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - François Dehez
- Nancy Université, BP239,
54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
- CNRS, SRSMC, Nancy, France
| | - Chris Chipot
- Nancy Université, BP239,
54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
- CNRS, SRSMC, Nancy, France
| | - Eva Pebay-Peyroula
- Université
Grenoble 1,
IBS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027
Grenoble cedex 1, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
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31
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Park D, Chiu J, Perrone GG, Dilda PJ, Hogg PJ. The tumour metabolism inhibitors GSAO and PENAO react with cysteines 57 and 257 of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:11. [PMID: 22448968 PMCID: PMC3349534 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GSAO (4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid) and PENAO (4-(N-(S-penicillaminylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid) are tumour metabolism inhibitors that target adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) of the inner-mitochondrial membrane. Both compounds are currently being trialled in patients with solid tumours. The trivalent arsenical moiety of GSAO and PENAO reacts with two matrix facing cysteine residues of ANT, inactivating the transporter. This leads to proliferation arrest and death of tumour and tumour-supporting cells. Results The two reactive ANT cysteine residues have been identified in this study by expressing cysteine mutants of human ANT1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and measuring interaction with the arsenical moiety of GSAO and PENAO. The arsenic atom of both compounds cross-links cysteine residues 57 and 257 of human ANT1. Conclusions The sulphur atoms of these two cysteines are 20 Å apart in the crystal structures of ANT and the optimal spacing of cysteine thiolates for reaction with As (III) is 3-4 Å. This implies that a significant conformational change in ANT is required for the organoarsenicals to react with cysteines 57 and 257. This conformational change may relate to the selectivity of the compounds for proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Park
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre & Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre & Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Gabriel G Perrone
- Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Pierre J Dilda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre & Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre & Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Babot M, Blancard C, Pelosi L, Lauquin GJM, Trézéguet V. The transmembrane prolines of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier are involved in nucleotide binding and transport and its biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10368-10378. [PMID: 22334686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.320697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (Ancp) is a paradigm of the mitochondrial carrier family, which allows cross-talk between mitochondria, where cell energy is mainly produced, and cytosol, where cell energy is mainly consumed. The members of this family share numerous structural and functional characteristics. Resolution of the atomic structure of the bovine Ancp, in a complex with one of its specific inhibitors, revealed interesting features and suggested the involvement of some particular residues in the movements of the protein to perform translocation of nucleotides from one side of the membrane to the other. They correspond to three prolines located in the odd-numbered transmembrane helices (TMH), Pro-27, Pro-132, and Pro-229. The corresponding residues of the yeast Ancp (Pro-43, Ser-147, and Pro-247) were mutated into alanine or leucine, one at a time and analysis of the various mutants evidenced a crucial role of Pro-43 and Pro-247 during nucleotide transport. Beside, replacement of Ser-147 with proline does not inactivate Ancp and this is discussed in view of the conservation of the three prolines at equivalent positions in the Ancp sequences. These prolines belong to the signature sequences of the mitochondrial carriers and we propose they play a dual role in the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier function and biogenesis. Unexpectedly their mutations cause more general effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology, as evidenced by measurements of respiratory rates, cytochrome contents, and also clearly highlighted by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Babot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and
| | - Corinne Blancard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and
| | - Ludovic Pelosi
- Université Joseph Fourier, Equipe Dynamique des Organelles et Plasticité Cellulaire, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle (BGE), iRTSV-CEA de Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Guy J-M Lauquin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and
| | - Véronique Trézéguet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and.
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Nozawa A, Fujimoto R, Matsuoka H, Tsuboi T, Tozawa Y. Cell-free synthesis, reconstitution, and characterization of a mitochondrial dicarboxylate-tricarboxylate carrier of Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:612-7. [PMID: 21986531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, was recently shown to operate a branched pathway of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism. To identify and characterize membrane transporters required for such TCA metabolism in the parasite, we isolated a cDNA for a dicarboxylate-tricarboxylate carrier homolog (PfDTC), synthesized the encoded protein with the use of a cell-free translation system, and determined the substrate specificity of its transport activity with a proteoliposome reconstitution system. PfDTC was found to mediate efficient oxoglutarate-malate, oxoglutarate-oxaloacetate, or oxoglutarate-oxoglutarate exchange across the liposome membrane. Our results suggest that PfDTC may mediate the oxoglutarate-malate exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane required for the branched pathway of TCA metabolism in the malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nozawa
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center and Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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Haferkamp I, Fernie AR, Neuhaus HE. Adenine nucleotide transport in plants: much more than a mitochondrial issue. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:507-15. [PMID: 21622019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides play a vital role in plant metabolism and physiology, essentially representing the major energy currency of the cell. Heterotrophic cells regenerate most of the ATP in mitochondria, whereas autotrophic cells also possess chloroplasts, representing a second powerhouse for ATP regeneration. Even though the synthesis of these nucleotides is restricted to a few locations, their use is nearly ubiquitous across the cell and thereby highly efficient systems are required to transport these molecules into and out of different compartments. Here, we discuss the location, biochemical characterization and evolution of corresponding transport systems in plants. We include recent scientific findings concerning organellar transporters from plants and algae and also focus on the physiological importance of adenine nucleotide exchange in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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35
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Thomas A, Rey M, Aubry L, Pelosi L. A hybrid model to study pathological mutations of the human ADP/ATP carriers. Biochimie 2011; 93:1415-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Clémençon B, Rey M, Trézéguet V, Forest E, Pelosi L. Yeast ADP/ATP carrier isoform 2: conformational dynamics and role of the RRRMMM signature sequence methionines. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36119-36131. [PMID: 21868387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.277376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, or Ancp, is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family responsible for exchanging ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane. ADP/ATP transport involves Ancp switching between two conformational states. These can be analyzed using specific inhibitors, carboxyatractyloside (CATR) and bongkrekic acid (BA). The high resolution three-dimensional structure of bovine Anc1p (bAnc1p), as a CATR-carrier complex, has been solved. However, because the structure of the BA-carrier complex has not yet been determined, the detailed mechanism of transport remains unknown. Recently, sample processing for hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments coupled to mass spectrometry was improved, providing novel insights into bAnc1p conformational transitions due to inhibitor binding. In this work we performed both hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry experiments and genetic manipulations. Because these are very difficult to apply with bovine Anc1p, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae Anc isoform 2 (ScAnc2p). Significant differences in solvent accessibility were observed throughout the amino acid sequence for ScAnc2p complexed to either CATR or BA. Interestingly, in detergent solution, the conformational dynamics of ScAnc2p were dissimilar to those of bAnc1p, in particular for the upper half of the cavity, toward the intermembrane space, and the m2 loop, which is thought to be easily accessible to the solvent from the matrix in bAnc1p. Our study then focused on the methionyl residues of the Ancp signature sequence, RRRMMM. All our results indicate that the methionine cluster is involved in the ADP/ATP transport mechanism and confirm that the Ancp cavity is a highly dynamic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clémençon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, F-38054, France; Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38000, France; INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Martial Rey
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, F-38054, France; Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38000, France; INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Véronique Trézéguet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 5095 CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, F-33077 Bordeaux, France; Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Eric Forest
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38000, France; CEA, DSV, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, F-38054, France; Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Protéines, UMR 5075 CNRS, Grenoble, F-38027, France.
| | - Ludovic Pelosi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, F-38054, France; Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38000, France.
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Lim CH, Hamazaki T, Braun EL, Wade J, Terada N. Evolutionary genomics implies a specific function of Ant4 in mammalian and anole lizard male germ cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23122. [PMID: 21858006 PMCID: PMC3155547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most vertebrates have three paralogous genes with identical intron-exon structures and a high degree of sequence identity that encode mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (Ant) proteins, Ant1 (Slc25a4), Ant2 (Slc25a5) and Ant3 (Slc25a6). Recently, we and others identified a fourth mammalian Ant paralog, Ant4 (Slc25a31), with a distinct intron-exon structure and a lower degree of sequence identity. Ant4 was expressed selectively in testis and sperm in adult mammals and was indeed essential for mouse spermatogenesis, but it was absent in birds, fish and frogs. Since Ant2 is X-linked in mammalian genomes, we hypothesized that the autosomal Ant4 gene may compensate for the loss of Ant2 gene expression during male meiosis in mammals. Here we report that the Ant4 ortholog is conserved in green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) and demonstrate that it is expressed in the anole testis. Further, a degenerate DNA fragment of putative Ant4 gene was identified in syntenic regions of avian genomes, indicating that Ant4 was present in the common amniote ancestor. Phylogenetic analyses suggest an even more ancient origin of the Ant4 gene. Although anole lizards are presumed male (XY) heterogametic, like mammals, copy numbers of the Ant2 as well as its neighboring gene were similar between male and female anole genomes, indicating that the anole Ant2 gene is either autosomal or located in the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes, in contrast to the case to mammals. These results imply the conservation of Ant4 is not likely simply driven by the sex chromosomal localization of the Ant2 gene and its subsequent inactivation during male meiosis. Taken together with the fact that Ant4 protein has a uniquely conserved structure when compared to other somatic Ant1, 2 and 3, there may be a specific advantage for mammals and lizards to express Ant4 in their male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Ho Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Braun
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juli Wade
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hamazaki T, Leung WY, Cain BD, Ostrov DA, Thorsness PE, Terada N. Functional expression of human adenine nucleotide translocase 4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19250. [PMID: 21532989 PMCID: PMC3080916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) mediates the exchange of ADP and ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The human genome encodes multiple ANT isoforms that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Recently a novel germ cell-specific member of the ANT family, ANT4 (SLC25A31) was identified. Although it is known that targeted depletion of ANT4 in mice resulted in male infertility, the functional biochemical differences between ANT4 and other somatic ANT isoforms remain undetermined. To gain insight into ANT4, we expressed human ANT4 (hANT4) in yeast mitochondria. Unlike the somatic ANT proteins, expression of hANT4 failed to complement an AAC-deficient yeast strain for growth on media requiring mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, overexpression of hANT4 from a multi-copy plasmid interfered with optimal yeast growth. However, mutation of specific amino acids of hANT4 improved yeast mitochondrial expression and supported growth of the AAC-deficient yeast on non-fermentable carbon sources. The mutations affected amino acids predicted to interact with phospholipids, suggesting the importance of lipid interactions for function of this protein. Each mutant hANT4 and the somatic hANTs exhibited similar ADP/ATP exchange kinetics. These data define common and distinct biochemical characteristics of ANT4 in comparison to ANT1, 2 and 3 providing a basis for study of its unique adaptation to germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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39
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Traba J, Satrústegui J, del Arco A. Adenine nucleotide transporters in organelles: novel genes and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1183-206. [PMID: 21207102 PMCID: PMC11114886 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, cellular energy in the form of ATP is produced in the cytosol via glycolysis or in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation and, in photosynthetic organisms, in the chloroplast via photophosphorylation. Transport of adenine nucleotides among cell compartments is essential and is performed mainly by members of the mitochondrial carrier family, among which the ADP/ATP carriers are the best known. This work reviews the carriers that transport adenine nucleotides into the organelles of eukaryotic cells together with their possible functions. We focus on novel mechanisms of adenine nucleotide transport, including mitochondrial carriers found in organelles such as peroxisomes, plastids, or endoplasmic reticulum and also mitochondrial carriers found in the mitochondrial remnants of many eukaryotic parasites of interest. The extensive repertoire of adenine nucleotide carriers highlights an amazing variety of new possible functions of adenine nucleotide transport across eukaryotic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Zhang N, Bilsland E. Contributions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understanding mammalian gene function and therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 759:501-523. [PMID: 21863505 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-173-4_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to its genetic tractability and ease of manipulation, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively used as a model organism to understand how eukaryotic cells grow, divide, and respond to environmental changes. In this chapter, we reasoned that functional annotation of novel genes revealed by sequencing should adopt an integrative approach including both bioinformatics and experimental analysis to reveal functional conservation and divergence of complexes and pathways. The techniques and resources generated for systems biology studies in yeast have found a wide range of applications. Here we focused on using these technologies in revealing functions of genes from mammals, in identifying targets of novel and known drugs and in screening drugs targeting specific proteins and/or protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianshu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Di Marino D, Oteri F, Morozzo della Rocca B, Chillemi G, Falconi M. ADP/ATP mitochondrial carrier MD simulations to shed light on the structural–dynamical events that, after an additional mutation, restore the function in a pathological single mutant. J Struct Biol 2010; 172:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (Ancp) has long been a paradigm for studies of the mitochondrial carrier family due to, among other properties, its natural abundance and the existence of specific inhibitors, namely, carboxyatractyloside (CATR) and bongkrekic acid (BA), which lock the carrier under distinct and stable conformations. Bovine Anc1p isolated in complex with CATR in the presence of an aminoxyde detergent (LAPAO) was crystallized and its 3D structure determined. It is the first mitochondrial carrier structure resolved at high resolution (2.2 A, as reported by Pebay-Peyroula et al. (Nature 426:39-44, 2003)). Analyses revealed a monomer while most of the biochemical studies led to hypothesize Ancp functions as a dimer. To address the structural organization issue, we engineered a mutant of the yeast Ancp that corresponds to a covalent homodimer in view of 3D structure determination. We compare in this chapter the purification yield and quality of the chimera tagged either with six histidines at its C-ter end or nine histidines at its N-ter. We show that, as expected, length and position of the tag are important criteria for qualitative purification. We also discuss the advantages and drawbacks of purifying Ancp either from a natural source or from engineered yeast cells.
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Lynn EG, Stevens MV, Wong RP, Carabenciov D, Jacobson J, Murphy E, Sack MN. Transient upregulation of PGC-1alpha diminishes cardiac ischemia tolerance via upregulation of ANT1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:693-8. [PMID: 20600099 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged cardiac overexpression of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha disrupts cardiac contractile function and its genetic ablation limits cardiac capacity to enhance workload. In contrast, transient induction of PGC-1alpha alleviates neuronal cell oxidative stress and enhances skeletal myotube anti-oxidant defenses. We explored whether transient upregulation of PGC-1alpha in the heart protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The transient induction of PGC-1alpha in the cardiac-restricted inducible PGC-1alpha transgenic mouse, increased PGC-1alpha protein levels 5-fold. Following 25 min of ischemia and 2h of reperfusion on a Langendorff perfusion apparatus, contractile recovery and the rate pressure product was significantly blunted in mice overexpressing PGC-1alpha vs. controls. Affymetrix gene array analysis showed a 3-fold PGC-1alpha-mediated upregulation of adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). As ANT1 upregulation induces cardiomyocyte cell death we investigated whether the induction of ANT1 by PGC-1alpha contributes to this enhanced ischemia-stress susceptibility. Infection with adenovirus harboring PGC-1alpha into cardiac-derived H9c2 cells significantly upregulates ANT1 without changing basal cell viability. In response to anoxia-reoxygenation injury cell death is significantly increased following PGC-1alpha overexpression. This detrimental effect is abolished following siRNA knockdown of ANT1. Similarly, the attenuation of ANT-1 in the presence of PGC-1alpha overexpression preserves the mitochondrial membrane potential in response to hydrogen-peroxide stress. Interestingly, the isolated knockdown of ANT1 also protects H9c2 cells from anoxia-reoxygenation injury. Taken together these data suggest that transient induction of PGC-1alpha in the murine heart decreases ischemia-reperfusion contractile recovery and diminishes anoxia-reoxygenation tolerance in H9c2 cells. These adverse phenotypes appear to be mediated, in part, by PGC-1alpha induced upregulation of ANT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Lynn
- Translational Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1454, USA
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Abstract
Due to the presence of plastids, eukaryotic photosynthetic cells represent the most highly compartmentalized eukaryotic cells. This high degree of compartmentation requires the transport of solutes across intracellular membrane systems by specific membrane transporters. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on functionally characterized intracellular plant membrane transporters and we link transporter functions to Arabidopsis gene identifiers and to the transporter classification system. In addition, we outline challenges in further elucidating the plant membrane permeome and we provide an outline of novel approaches for the functional characterization of membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Geb. 26.03.01, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Suppression of mitochondrial DNA instability of autosomal dominant forms of progressive external ophthalmoplegia-associated ANT1 mutations in Podospora anserina. Genetics 2009; 183:861-71. [PMID: 19687137 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance and expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are essential for the cell and the organism. In humans, several mutations in the adenine nucleotide translocase gene ANT1 are associated with multiple mtDNA deletions and autosomal dominant forms of progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO). The mechanisms underlying the mtDNA instability are still obscure. A current hypothesis proposes that these pathogenic mutations primarily uncouple the mitochondrial inner membrane, which secondarily causes mtDNA instability. Here we show that the three adPEO-associated mutations equivalent to A114P, L98P, and V289M introduced into the Podospora anserina ANT1 ortholog dominantly cause severe growth defects, decreased reactive oxygen species production (ROS), decreased mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Deltapsi), and accumulation of large-scale mtDNA deletions leading to premature death. Interestingly, we show that, at least for the adPEO-type M106P and A121P mutant alleles, the associated mtDNA instability cannot be attributed only to a reduced membrane potential or to an increased ROS level since it can be suppressed without restoration of the Deltapsi or modification of the ROS production. Suppression of mtDNA instability due to the M106P and A121P mutations was obtained by an allele of the rmp1 gene involved in nucleo-mitochondrial cross- talk and also by an allele of the AS1 gene encoding a cytosolic ribosomal protein. In contrast, the mtDNA instability caused by the S296M mutation was not suppressed by these alleles.
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Altered expression of the adenine nucleotide translocase isoforms and decreased ATP synthase activity in skeletal muscle mitochondria in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:927-35. [PMID: 19233197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is a component of heart failure (HF) syndrome. We aimed to identify the defects in skeletal muscle mitochondria which may contribute to the development of peripheral myopathy. Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) mitochondria were isolated from gastrocnemius muscle of control dogs (N=5) and dogs with pacing-induced HF (N=5). The measurement of integrated mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation) and of individual activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes was complemented with the assessment of the amount and activity of the components of the phosphorylation apparatus. Both populations of skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from HF have significantly decreased ADP-stimulated (state 3) respiratory rates with complex I, II and III substrates. The decrease in respiratory rates of skeletal muscle SSM are neither relieved upon collapsing the mitochondrial potential with an uncoupler nor increased in the presence of maximal ADP concentrations showing a defect in the ETC, which needs further investigation. In contrast, respiratory rates of skeletal muscle IFM from HF were relieved with the uncoupler and partially improved in the presence of maximal ADP concentrations. In these IFM, alterations in the phosphorylation apparatus were detected with a decreased amount of ANT isoform 2 and increased amount of isoform 1. The IFM dysfunction may be explained by this shift in ANT isoforms. In conclusion, pacing-induced HF causes a decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation of skeletal muscle mitochondria due to defects in the ETC and phosphorylation apparatus.
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David C, Arnou B, Sanchez JF, Pelosi L, Brandolin G, Lauquin GJM, Trézéguet V. Two residues of a conserved aromatic ladder of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier are crucial to nucleotide transport. Biochemistry 2009; 47:13223-31. [PMID: 19086155 DOI: 10.1021/bi8012565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier is the paradigm of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF), whose members are crucial for cross-talks between mitochondria, where cell energy is mainly produced, and the cytosol, where cell energy is mainly consumed. These carriers share structural and functional characteristics. Resolution of the 3D structure of the beef mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, in a complex with one of its specific inhibitors, revealed interesting features and suggested the involvement of some particular residues in substrate binding and transfer from the outside to the inside of mitochondria. To ascertain the role of these residues, namely, Y186, Y190, F191, and Y194, they were mutated into alanine in the yeast mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier at equivalent positions (Y203, Y207, F208, and Y211). Two residues, Y203 and F208, appeared to be crucial for transport activity but not for substrate binding per se, indicating their involvement in the substrate transfer process through the carrier. Furthermore, it was possible to show that these mutations precluded conformational changes of the matrix loop m2, whose movements were demonstrated to participate in substrate transport by the wild-type carrier. Therefore, these aromatic residues may be involved in substrate gliding, and they may also confer specificity toward adenine nucleotides for the ADP/ATP carrier as compared with the MCF members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine David
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, CNRS-Université Bordeaux 2, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Trézéguet V, Pélosi L, Lauquin GJM, Brandolin G. The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier: functional and structural studies in the route of elucidating pathophysiological aspects. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2008; 40:435-43. [PMID: 18979193 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-008-9178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier plays a central role in aerobic cell energetics by providing to the cytosol the ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Though discovered around 40 years ago owing to the existence of unique inhibitors and in spite of numerous experimental approaches, this carrier, which stands as a model of the mitochondrial solute carriers keeps some long-standing mystery. There are still open challenging questions among them the precise ADP/ATP transport mechanism, the functional oligomeric state of the carrier and relationships between human ADP/ATP carrier dysfunctioning and pathologies. Deciphering the 3D structure of this carrier afforded a considerable progress of the knowledge but requires now additional data focused on molecular dynamics from this static picture. State of the art in this topic is reviewed and debated in this paper in view of better comprehending origin of the discrepancies in these questions and, finally, the multiple physiological roles of this carrier in eukaryotic cell economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Trézéguet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires-UMR 5095, CNRS-Université Bordeaux2, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Traba J, Froschauer EM, Wiesenberger G, Satrústegui J, Del Arco A. Yeast mitochondria import ATP through the calcium-dependent ATP-Mg/Pi carrier Sal1p, and are ATP consumers during aerobic growth in glucose. Mol Microbiol 2008; 69:570-85. [PMID: 18485069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sal1p, a novel Ca2+-dependent ATP-Mg/Pi carrier, is essential in yeast lacking all adenine nucleotide translocases. By targeting luciferase to the mitochondrial matrix to monitor mitochondrial ATP levels, we show in isolated mitochondria that both ATP-Mg and free ADP are taken up by Sal1p with a K(m) of 0.20 +/- 0.03 mM and 0.28 +/- 0.06 mM respectively. Nucleotide transport along Sal1p is strictly Ca2+ dependent. Ca2+ increases the V(max) with a S(0.5) of 15 muM, and no changes in the K(m) for ATP-Mg. Glucose sensing in yeast generates Ca2+ transients involving Ca2+ influx from the external medium. We find that carbon-deprived cells respond to glucose with an immediate increase in mitochondrial ATP levels which is not observed in the presence of EGTA or in Sal1p-deficient cells. Moreover, we now report that during normal aerobic growth on glucose, yeast mitochondria import ATP from the cytosol and hydrolyse it through H+-ATP synthase. We identify two pathways for ATP uptake in mitochondria, the ADP/ATP carriers and Sal1p. Thus, during exponential growth on glucose, mitochondria are ATP consumers, as those from cells growing in anaerobic conditions or deprived of mitochondrial DNA which depend on cytosolic ATP and mitochondrial ATPase working in reverse to generate a mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, the results show that growth on glucose requires ATP hydrolysis in mitochondria and recruits Sal1p as a Ca2+-dependent mechanism to import ATP-Mg from the cytosol. Whether this mechanism is used under similar settings in higher eukaryotes is an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Klingenberg M. The ADP and ATP transport in mitochondria and its carrier. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1978-2021. [PMID: 18510943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Different from some more specialised short reviews, here a general although not encyclopaedic survey of the function, metabolic role, structure and mechanism of the ADP/ATP transport in mitochondria is presented. The obvious need for an "old fashioned" review comes from the gateway role in metabolism of the ATP transfer to the cytosol from mitochondria. Amidst the labours, 40 or more years ago, of unravelling the role of mitochondrial compartments and of the two membranes, the sequence of steps of how ATP arrives in the cytosol became a major issue. When the dust settled, a picture emerged where ATP is exported across the inner membrane in a 1:1 exchange against ADP and where the selection of ATP versus ADP is controlled by the high membrane potential at the inner membrane, thus uplifting the free energy of ATP in the cytosol over the mitochondrial matrix. Thus the disparate energy and redox states of the two major compartments are bridged by two membrane potential responsive carriers to enable their symbiosis in the eukaryotic cell. The advance to the molecular level by studying the binding of nucleotides and inhibitors was facilitated by the high level of carrier (AAC) binding sites in the mitochondrial membrane. A striking flexibility of nucleotide binding uncovered the reorientation of carrier sites between outer and inner face, assisted by the side specific high affinity inhibitors. The evidence of a single carrier site versus separate sites for substrate and inhibitors was expounded. In an ideal setting principles of transport catalysis were elucidated. The isolation of intact AAC as a first for any transporter enabled the reconstitution of transport for unravelling, independently of mitochondrial complications, the factors controlling the ADP/ATP exchange. Electrical currents measured with the reconstituted AAC demonstrated electrogenic translocation and charge shift of reorienting carrier sites. Aberrant or vital para-functions of AAC in basal uncoupling and in the mitochondrial pore transition were demonstrated in mitochondria and by patch clamp with reconstituted AAC. The first amino acid sequence of AAC and of any eukaryotic carrier furnished a 6-transmembrane helix folding model, and was the basis for mapping the structure by access studies with various probes, and for demonstrating the strong conformation changes demanded by the reorientation mechanism. Mutations served to elucidate the function of residues, including the particular sensitivity of ATP versus ADP transport to deletion of critical positive charge in AAC. After resisting for decades, at last the atomic crystal structure of the stabilised CAT-AAC complex emerged supporting the predicted principle fold of the AAC but showing unexpected features relevant to mechanism. Being a snapshot of an extreme abortive "c-state" the actual mechanism still remains a conjecture.
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