1
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Mou K, Chan SMH, Vlahos R. Musculoskeletal crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidities: Emerging roles and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108635. [PMID: 38508342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a multifaceted respiratory disorder characterized by progressive airflow limitation and systemic implications. It has become increasingly apparent that COPD exerts its influence far beyond the respiratory system, extending its impact to various organ systems. Among these, the musculoskeletal system emerges as a central player in both the pathogenesis and management of COPD and its associated comorbidities. Muscle dysfunction and osteoporosis are prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in COPD patients, leading to a substantial decline in exercise capacity and overall health. These manifestations are influenced by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances, all hallmarks of COPD. Recent research has uncovered an intricate interplay between COPD and musculoskeletal comorbidities, suggesting that muscle and bone tissues may cross-communicate through the release of signalling molecules, known as "myokines" and "osteokines". We explored this dynamic relationship, with a particular focus on the role of the immune system in mediating the cross-communication between muscle and bone in COPD. Moreover, we delved into existing and emerging therapeutic strategies for managing musculoskeletal disorders in COPD. It underscores the development of personalized treatment approaches that target both the respiratory and musculoskeletal aspects of COPD, offering the promise of improved well-being and quality of life for individuals grappling with this complex condition. This comprehensive review underscores the significance of recognizing the profound impact of COPD on the musculoskeletal system and its comorbidities. By unravelling the intricate connections between these systems and exploring innovative treatment avenues, we can aspire to enhance the overall care and outcomes for COPD patients, ultimately offering hope for improved health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mou
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley M H Chan
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Park JW, Piknova B, Tunau-Spencer KJ, Thomas SM, Cai H, Walter PJ, Jenkins A, Hellinga D, Parver LM, Schechter AN. Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Porcine Ocular Tissues Determined Using 15N-Labeled Sodium Nitrate Supplementation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1154. [PMID: 38674845 PMCID: PMC11054199 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) obtained from the diet is converted to nitrite (NO2-) and subsequently to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Previously, we showed that porcine eye components contain substantial amounts of nitrate and nitrite that are similar to those in blood. Notably, cornea and sclera exhibited the capability to reduce nitrate to nitrite. To gain deeper insights into nitrate metabolism in porcine eyes, our current study involved feeding pigs either NaCl or Na15NO3 and assessing the levels of total and 15N-labeled NO3-/NO2- in various ocular tissues. Three hours after Na15NO3 ingestion, a marked increase in 15NO3- and 15NO2- was observed in all parts of the eye; in particular, the aqueous and vitreous humor showed a high 15NO3- enrichment (77.5 and 74.5%, respectively), similar to that of plasma (77.1%) and showed an even higher 15NO2- enrichment (39.9 and 35.3%, respectively) than that of plasma (19.8%). The total amounts of NO3- and NO2- exhibited patterns consistent with those observed in 15N analysis. Next, to investigate whether nitrate or nitrite accumulate proportionally after multiple nitrate treatments, we measured nitrate and nitrite contents after supplementing pigs with Na15NO3 for five consecutive days. In both 15N-labeled and total nitrate and nitrite analysis, we did not observe further accumulation of these ions after multiple treatments, compared to a single treatment. These findings suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation exerts a significant influence on nitrate and nitrite levels and potentially NO levels in the eye and opens up the possibility for the therapeutic use of dietary nitrate/nitrite to enhance or restore NO levels in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha M. Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.C.); (P.J.W.)
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J. Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.C.); (P.J.W.)
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Jenkins
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (A.J.); (D.H.)
| | - David Hellinga
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (A.J.); (D.H.)
| | - Leonard M. Parver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Mudgal R, Singh S. Xanthine Oxidoreductase in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction: An Update. Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:10-22. [PMID: 38318826 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021277772240124075120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of uric acid (UA) and is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS has been linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, with multiple studies over the last 30 years demonstrating that XOR inhibition is beneficial. The involvement of XOR and its constituents in the advancement of chronic inflammation and ROS, which are responsible for endothelial dysfunction, is the focus of this evidence-based review. An overabundance of XOR products and ROS appears to drive the inflammatory response, resulting in significant endothelium damage. It has also been demonstrated that XOR activity and ED are connected. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. ROS mainly modifies the activity of vascular cells and can be important in normal vascular physiology as well as the development of vascular disease. Suppressing XOR activity appears to decrease endothelial dysfunction, probably because it lessens the generation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative stress brought on by XOR. Although there has long been a link between higher vascular XOR activity and worse clinical outcomes, new research suggests a different picture in which positive results are mediated by XOR enzymatic activity. Here in this study, we aimed to review the association between XOR and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The prevention and treatment approaches against vascular endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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4
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Sienel RI, Mamrak U, Biller J, Roth S, Zellner A, Parakaw T, Khambata RS, Liesz A, Haffner C, Ahluwalia A, Seker BF, Plesnila N. Inhaled nitric oxide suppresses neuroinflammation in experimental ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:301. [PMID: 38102677 PMCID: PMC10725028 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major global health issue and characterized by acute vascular dysfunction and subsequent neuroinflammation. However, the relationship between these processes remains elusive. In the current study, we investigated whether alleviating vascular dysfunction by restoring vascular nitric oxide (NO) reduces post-stroke inflammation. Mice were subjected to experimental stroke and received inhaled NO (iNO; 50 ppm) after reperfusion. iNO normalized vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, reduced the elevated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and returned leukocyte adhesion to baseline levels. Reduction of vascular pathology significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (Il-1β), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), within the brain parenchyma. These findings suggest that vascular dysfunction is responsible for leukocyte adhesion and that these processes drive parenchymal inflammation. Reversing vascular dysfunction may therefore emerge as a novel approach to diminish neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke and possibly other ischemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Sienel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Mamrak
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Biller
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tipparat Parakaw
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Burcu F Seker
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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5
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Piknova B, Park JW, Thomas SM, Tunau-Spencer KJ, Schechter AN. Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism in Aging Rats: A Comparative Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112490. [PMID: 37299453 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) (co)regulates many physiological processes in the body. Its short-lived free radicals force synthesis in situ and on-demand, without storage possibility. Local oxygen availability determines the origin of NO-either by synthesis by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite to NO by nitrate/nitrite reductases. The existence of nitrate reservoirs, mainly in skeletal muscle, assures the local and systemic availability of NO. Aging is accompanied by changes in metabolic pathways, leading to a decrease in NO availability. We explored age-related changes in various rat organs and tissues. We found differences in nitrate and nitrite contents in tissues of old and young rats at baseline levels, with nitrate levels being generally higher and nitrite levels being generally lower in old rats. However, there were no differences in the levels of nitrate-transporting proteins and nitrate reductase between old and young rats, with the exception of in the eye. Increased dietary nitrate led to significantly higher nitrate enrichment in the majority of old rat organs compared to young rats, suggesting that the nitrate reduction pathway is not affected by aging. We hypothesize that age-related NO accessibility changes originate either from the NOS pathway or from changes in NO downstream signaling (sGC/PDE5). Both possibilities need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Won Park
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khalid J Tunau-Spencer
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Wu H, Yang P, Li A, Jin X, Zhang Z, Lv H. Chlorella sp.-ameliorated undesirable microenvironment promotes diabetic wound healing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:410-424. [PMID: 36815029 PMCID: PMC9939294 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wound remains a critical challenge suffering from the complicated negative microenvironments, such as high-glucose, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and malnutrition. Unfortunately, few strategies have been developed to ameliorate the multiple microenvironments simultaneously. In this study, Chlorella sp. (Chlorella) hydrogels were prepared against diabetic wounds. In vitro experiments demonstrated that living Chlorella could produce dissolved oxygen by photosynthesis, actively consume glucose and deplete ROS with the inherent antioxidants, during the daytime. At night, Chlorella was inactivated in situ by chlorine dioxide with human-body harmless concentration to utilize its abundant contents. It was verified in vitro that the inactivated-Chlorella could supply nutrition, relieve inflammation and terminate the oxygen-consumption of Chlorella-respiration. The advantages of living Chlorella and its contents were integrated ingeniously. The abovementioned functions were proven to accelerate cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in vitro. Then, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were employed for further validation. The in vivo outcomes confirmed that Chlorella could ameliorate the undesirable microenvironments, including hypoxia, high-glucose, excessive-ROS and chronic inflammation, thereby synergistically promoting tissue regeneration. Given the results above, Chlorella is considered as a tailor-made therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China,The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China,Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +86 13912965842; +86 18913823932.
| | - HuiXia Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +86 13912965842; +86 18913823932.
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7
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Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production in the heart. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11113-11122. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Wynne AG, Affourtit C. Nitrite lowers the oxygen cost of ATP supply in cultured skeletal muscle cells by stimulating the rate of glycolytic ATP synthesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266905. [PMID: 35939418 PMCID: PMC9359526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate lowers the oxygen cost of human exercise. This effect has been suggested to result from stimulation of coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation by reduced nitrate derivatives. In this paper, we report the acute effects of sodium nitrite on the bioenergetic behaviour of cultured rat (L6) myocytes. At odds with improved efficiency of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, extracellular flux analysis reveals that a ½-hour exposure to NaNO2 (0.1–5 μM) does not affect mitochondrial coupling efficiency in static myoblasts or in spontaneously contracting myotubes. Unexpectedly, NaNO2 stimulates the rate of glycolytic ATP production in both myoblasts and myotubes. Increased ATP supply through glycolysis does not emerge at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation, which means that NaNO2 acutely increases the rate of overall myocellular ATP synthesis, significantly so in myoblasts and tending towards significance in contractile myotubes. Notably, NaNO2 exposure shifts myocytes to a more glycolytic bioenergetic phenotype. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption does not decrease after NaNO2 exposure, and non-mitochondrial respiration tends to drop. When total ATP synthesis rates are expressed in relation to total cellular oxygen consumption rates, it thus transpires that NaNO2 lowers the oxygen cost of ATP supply in cultured L6 myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. Wynne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Affourtit
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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9
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Cavalcanti ALDM, Rocha PKL, Zhuge Z, Paulo LL, Mendes-Júnior LDG, Brandão MCR, Athayde-Filho PF, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Carlström M, Braga VDA, Montenegro MF. Cardiovascular characterization of the novel organic mononitrate NDIBP in rats. Nitric Oxide 2022; 119:50-60. [PMID: 34958954 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic nitrates are widely used to restore endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels reduced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction. However, these drugs are associated with undesirable side effects, including tolerance. This study aims to investigate the cardiovascular effects of the new organic nitrate 1,3-diisobutoxypropan-2-yl nitrate (NDIBP). Specifically, we assessed its effects on blood pressure, vascular reactivity, acute toxicity, and the ability to induce tolerance. In vitro and ex vivo techniques showed that NDIBP released NO both in a cell-free system and in isolated mesenteric arteries preparations through a process catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase. NDIBP also evoked endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, which was significantly attenuated by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO, 300 μM), a nitric oxide scavenger; 1-H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 μM), a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor; tetraethylammonium (TEA, 3 mM), a potassium channel blocker; febuxostat (500 nM), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; and proadifen (10 μM), an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzyme. Furthermore, this organic nitrate did not induce tolerance in isolated vessels and presented low toxicity following acute oral administration. In vivo changes on cardiovascular parameters were assessed using normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. NDIBP evoked a reduction of blood pressure that was significantly higher in hypertensive animals. Our results suggest that NDIBP acts as a NO donor, inducing blood pressure reduction without having the undesirable effects of tolerance. Those effects seem to be mediated by activation of NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and positive modulation of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Keytth Lins Rocha
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58051970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luciano Leite Paulo
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58051970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Petrônio F Athayde-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58059900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valdir de Andrade Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58051970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Lehnert N, Kim E, Dong HT, Harland JB, Hunt AP, Manickas EC, Oakley KM, Pham J, Reed GC, Alfaro VS. The Biologically Relevant Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Nitric Oxide: Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14682-14905. [PMID: 34902255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events in biology. Metal coordination chemistry, especially with iron, is at the heart of many biological transformations involving NO. A series of heme proteins, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitrophorins, are responsible for the biosynthesis, sensing, and transport of NO. Alternatively, NO can be generated from nitrite by heme- and copper-containing nitrite reductases (NIRs). The NO-bearing small molecules such as nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) can serve as an alternative vehicle for NO storage and transport. Once NO is formed, the rich reaction chemistry of NO leads to a wide variety of biological activities including reduction of NO by heme or non-heme iron-containing NO reductases and protein post-translational modifications by DNICs. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of metal sites in biology with NO and the mechanisms of these transformations has come from the elucidation of the geometric and electronic structures and chemical reactivity of synthetic model systems, in synergy with biochemical and biophysical studies on the relevant proteins themselves. This review focuses on recent advancements from studies on proteins and model complexes that not only have improved our understanding of the biological roles of NO but also have provided foundations for biomedical research and for bio-inspired catalyst design in energy science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B Harland
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Manickas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kady M Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Garrett C Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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11
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Freeman A, Cellura D, Minnion M, Fernandez BO, Spalluto CM, Levett D, Bates A, Wallis T, Watson A, Jack S, Staples KJ, Grocott MPW, Feelisch M, Wilkinson TMA. Exercise Training Induces a Shift in Extracellular Redox Status with Alterations in the Pulmonary and Systemic Redox Landscape in Asthma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121926. [PMID: 34943027 PMCID: PMC8750917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Exercise interventions improve symptoms and reduce inflammation in asthma patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that a personalised exercise intervention would improve asthma control by reducing lung inflammation through modulation of local and systemic reactive species interactions, thereby increasing antioxidant capacity. We combined deep redox metabolomic profiling with clinical assessment in an exploratory cohort of six female patients with symptomatic asthma and studied their responses to a metabolically targeted exercise intervention over 12 weeks. Plasma antioxidant capacity and circulating nitrite levels increased following the intervention (p = 0.028) and lowered the ratio of reduced to oxidised glutathione (p = 0.029); this was accompanied by improvements in physical fitness (p = 0.046), symptoms scores (p = 0.020), quality of life (p = 0.046), lung function (p = 0.028), airway hyperreactivity (p = 0.043), and eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.007). Increased physical fitness correlated with improved plasma antioxidant capacity (p = 0.019), peak oxygen uptake and nitrite changes (p = 0.005), the latter also associated with reductions in peripheral blood eosinophil counts (p = 0.038). Thus, increases in “redox resilience” may underpin the clinical benefits of exercise in asthma. An improved understanding of exercise-induced alterations in redox regulation offers opportunities for greater treatment personalisation and identification of new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Freeman
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Doriana Cellura
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Bernadette O. Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Denny Levett
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew Bates
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Timothy Wallis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Sandy Jack
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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12
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Massa CM, Liu Z, Taylor S, Pettit AP, Stakheyeva MN, Korotkova E, Popova V, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Gow AJ. Biological Mechanisms of S-Nitrosothiol Formation and Degradation: How Is Specificity of S-Nitrosylation Achieved? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071111. [PMID: 34356344 PMCID: PMC8301044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of protein cysteine residues underlies some of the diverse biological functions of nitric oxide (NO) in physiology and disease. The formation of stable nitrosothiols occurs under biologically relevant conditions and time scales. However, the factors that determine the selective nature of this modification remain poorly understood, making it difficult to predict thiol targets and thus construct informatics networks. In this review, the biological chemistry of NO will be considered within the context of nitrosothiol formation and degradation whilst considering how specificity is achieved in this important post-translational modification. Since nitrosothiol formation requires a formal one-electron oxidation, a classification of reaction mechanisms is proposed regarding which species undergoes electron abstraction: NO, thiol or S-NO radical intermediate. Relevant kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanistic considerations will be examined and the impact of sources of NO and the chemical nature of potential reaction targets is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Massa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08848, USA; (C.M.M.); (Z.L.); (S.T.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Ziping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08848, USA; (C.M.M.); (Z.L.); (S.T.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Sheryse Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08848, USA; (C.M.M.); (Z.L.); (S.T.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Ashley P. Pettit
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08848, USA; (C.M.M.); (Z.L.); (S.T.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Marena N. Stakheyeva
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.N.S.); (E.N.A.-V.)
- Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Elena Korotkova
- Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentina Popova
- Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.N.S.); (E.N.A.-V.)
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J. Gow
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08848, USA; (C.M.M.); (Z.L.); (S.T.); (A.P.P.)
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.N.S.); (E.N.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-4612
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13
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Cialoni D, Brizzolari A, Samaja M, Bosco G, Paganini M, Sponsiello N, Lancellotti V, Marroni A. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production and Antioxidant Response in Breath-Hold Diving: Genetic Predisposition or Environment Related? Front Physiol 2021; 12:692204. [PMID: 34305646 PMCID: PMC8300565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule modulating the endothelial adaptation during breath-hold diving (BH-diving). This study aimed to investigate changes in NO derivatives (NOx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), searching for correlations with different environmental and hyperbaric exposure. Materials and methods Blood samples were obtained from 50 breath-hold divers (BH-divers) before, and 30 and 60 min after the end of training sessions performed both in a swimming pool or the sea. Samples were tested for NOx and TAC differences in different groups related to their hyperbaric exposure, experience, and additional genetic polymorphism. Results We found statistically significant differences in NOx plasma concentration during the follow-up (decrease at T30 and increase at T60) compared with the pre-dive values. At T30, we found a significantly lower decrease of NOx in subjects with a higher diving experience, but no difference was detected between the swimming pool and Sea. No significant difference was found in TAC levels, as well as between NOx and TAC levels and the genetic variants. Conclusion These data showed how NO consumption in BH-diving is significantly lower in the expert group, indicating a possible training-related adaptation process. Data confirm a significant NO use during BH-diving, compatible with the well-known BH-diving related circulatory adaptation suggesting that the reduction in NOx 30 min after diving can be ascribed to the lower NO availability in the first few minutes after the dives. Expert BH-divers suffered higher oxidative stress. A preliminary genetic investigation seems to indicate a less significant influence of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cialoni
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.,DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Foundation, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Apnea Academy Research, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Brizzolari
- DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Foundation, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Lancellotti
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marroni
- DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Foundation, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
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14
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Kobayashi J. Nitrite in breast milk: roles in neonatal pathophysiology. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:30-36. [PMID: 33173179 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate has beneficial effects on health maintenance and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood by serving as an alternative source of nitric oxide (NO) through the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, particularly when endogenous NO generation is lacking due to vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, this pathway is not developed in the early postnatal period due to a lack of oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria and less saliva production than in adults. To compensate for the decrease in nitrite during this period, colostrum contains the highest amount of nitrite compared with transitional, mature, and even artificial milk, suggesting that colostrum plays an important role in tentatively replenishing nitrite, in addition to involving a nutritional aspect, until the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is established. Increasing evidence demonstrates that breast milk rich in nitrite can be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and necrotizing enterocolitis, suggesting that breastfeeding is advantageous for newborns at risk, given the physiological role of nitrite in the early postnatal period. IMPACT: The aim of this review is to discuss the physiological roles of nitrite in breast milk and its implications for neonates. Nitrite in breast milk may compensate for the decrease in nitrite during the early neonatal period until the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway is established. Breast milk rich in nitrite may be effective in the prevention of neonatal infections and gastrointestinal diseases by providing nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.
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15
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Keller RM, Beaver LM, Reardon PN, Prater MC, Truong L, Robinson MM, Tanguay RL, Stevens JF, Hord NG. Nitrate-induced improvements in exercise performance are coincident with exuberant changes in metabolic genes and the metabolome in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:142-157. [PMID: 34043471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00185.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance by reducing the oxygen cost of exercise and enhancing skeletal muscle function. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in skeletal muscle energy metabolism associated with exercise performance in a zebrafish model. Fish were exposed to sodium nitrate (60.7 mg/L, 303.5 mg/L, 606.9 mg/L), or control water, for 21 days and analyzed at intervals (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 cm/s) during a 2-h strenuous exercise test. We measured oxygen consumption during an exercise test and assessed muscle nitrate concentrations, gene expression, and the muscle metabolome before, during, and after exercise. Nitrate exposure reduced the oxygen cost of exercise and increased muscle nitrate concentrations at rest, which were reduced with increasing exercise duration. In skeletal muscle, nitrate treatment upregulated expression of genes central to nutrient sensing (mtor), redox signaling (nrf2a), and muscle differentiation (sox6). In rested muscle, nitrate treatment increased phosphocreatine (P = 0.002), creatine (P = 0.0005), ATP (P = 0.0008), ADP (P = 0.002), and AMP (P = 0.004) compared with rested-control muscle. Following the highest swimming speed, concentration of phosphocreatine (P = 8.0 × 10-5), creatine (P = 6.0 × 10-7), ATP (P = 2.0 × 10-6), ADP (P = 0.0002), and AMP (P = 0.004) decreased compared with rested nitrate muscle. Our data suggest nitrate exposure in zebrafish lowers the oxygen cost of exercise by changing the metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise and increasing availability of energy-rich metabolites required for exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that skeletal muscle nitrate concentration is higher with supplementation at rest and was lower in groups with increasing exercise duration in a zebrafish model. The higher availability of nitrate at rest is associated with upregulation of key nutrient-sensing genes and greater availability of energy-producing metabolites (i.e., ATP, phosphocreatine, glycolytic intermediates). Overall, nitrate supplementation may lower oxygen cost of exercise through improved fuel availability resulting from metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Keller
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Mary C Prater
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Norman G Hord
- OU Health, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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16
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Xu H, Liu Y, Meng L, Wang L, Liu D. Effect of Uric Acid-Lowering Agents on Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639392. [PMID: 34046437 PMCID: PMC8144321 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is considered an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and the combined endpoint of death or readmission in cardiovascular disease patients. However, the causal relationship between uric acid-lowering therapies (ULTs) and heart failure is still controversial. Design: Meta-analyses were performed to systematically compile available evidence to determine the overall effect of ULTs on heart failure patients. Method: We conducted this systematic review following the PRISMA statement guidelines. Databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials related to the influence of a ULT intervention in people with heart failure. Data extracted from the included studies were subjected to a meta-analysis to compare the effects of ULTs to a control. Results: Pooled analysis of left ventricular ejection fraction (LEVF) showed an insignificant result towards the ULT group (MD, 1.63%; 95%CI, −1.61 to 4.88; p = 0.32; three studies). Pooled analysis of the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) showed an insignificant result towards the ULT group (MD, 4.59; 95%CI, −12.683 to 22.00; p = 0.61; four studies). Pooled analysis of BNP/NT-pro-BNP led to a nearly statistically significant result towards the ULT group (SMD, −0.30; 95%CI, −0.64 to 0.04; p = 0.08; five studies). Pooled analysis of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death between ULTs (all XOIs) and placebo did not show a significant difference (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.74 to 2.15, p = 0.39). Conclusion: ULTs did not improve LVEF, BNP/NT-pro-BNP, 6MWT, all-cause mortality, and CV death in heart failure patients. UA may just be a risk marker of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingbing Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Departments of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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Park JW, Thomas SM, Schechter AN, Piknova B. Control of rat muscle nitrate levels after perturbation of steady state dietary nitrate intake. Nitric Oxide 2021; 109-110:42-49. [PMID: 33713800 PMCID: PMC8020733 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The roles of nitrate and nitrite ions as nitric oxide (NO) sources in mammals, complementing NOS enzymes, have recently been the focus of much research. We previously reported that rat skeletal muscle serves as a nitrate reservoir, with the amount of stored nitrate being highly dependent on dietary nitrate availability, as well as its synthesis by NOS1 enzymes and its subsequent utilization. We showed that at conditions of increased NO need, this nitrate reservoir is used in situ to generate nitrite and NO, at least in part via the nitrate reductase activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). We now further investigate the dynamics of nitrate/nitrite fluxes in rat skeletal muscle after first increasing nitrate levels in drinking water and then returning to the original intake level. Nitrate/nitrite levels were analyzed in liver, blood and several skeletal muscle samples, and expression of proteins involved in nitrate metabolism and transport were also measured. Increased nitrate supply elevated nitrate and nitrite levels in all measured tissues. Surprisingly, after high nitrate diet termination, levels of both ions in liver and all muscle samples first declined to lower levels than the original baseline. During the course of the overall experiment there was a gradual increase of XOR expression in muscle tissue, which likely led to enhanced nitrate to nitrite reduction. We also noted differences in basal levels of nitrate in the different types of muscles. These findings suggest complex control of muscle nitrate levels, perhaps with multiple processes to preserve its intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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18
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Abu-Alghayth M, Vanhatalo A, Wylie LJ, McDonagh ST, Thompson C, Kadach S, Kerr P, Smallwood MJ, Jones AM, Winyard PG. S-nitrosothiols, and other products of nitrate metabolism, are increased in multiple human blood compartments following ingestion of beetroot juice. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101974. [PMID: 33940546 PMCID: PMC8111767 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingested inorganic nitrate (NO3⁻) has multiple effects in the human body including vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and improved skeletal muscle function. The functional effects of oral NO3⁻ involve the in vivo reduction of NO3⁻ to nitrite (NO2⁻) and thence to nitric oxide (NO). However, the potential involvement of S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) formation is unclear. We hypothesised that the RSNO concentration ([RSNO]) in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma is increased by NO3⁻-rich beetroot juice ingestion. In healthy human volunteers, we tested the effect of dietary supplementation with NO3⁻-rich beetroot juice (BR) or NO3⁻-depleted beetroot juice (placebo; PL) on [RSNO], [NO3⁻] and [NO2⁻] in RBCs, whole blood and plasma, as measured by ozone-based chemiluminescence. The median basal [RSNO] in plasma samples (n = 22) was 10 (5–13) nM (interquartile range in brackets). In comparison, the median values for basal [RSNO] in the corresponding RBC preparations (n = 19) and whole blood samples (n = 19) were higher (p < 0.001) than in plasma, being 40 (30–60) nM and 35 (25–80) nM, respectively. The median RBC [RSNO] in a separate cohort of healthy subjects (n = 5) was increased to 110 (93–125) nM after ingesting BR (12.8 mmol NO3⁻) compared to a corresponding baseline value of 25 (21–31) nM (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.01). The median plasma [RSNO] in another cohort of healthy subjects (n = 14) was increased almost ten-fold to 104 (58–151) nM after BR supplementation (7 × 6.4 mmol of NO3⁻ over two days, p < 0.01) compared to PL. In conclusion, RBC and plasma [RSNO] are increased by BR ingestion. In addition to NO2⁻, RSNO may be involved in dietary NO3⁻ metabolism/actions. Human ingestion of NO3⁻-rich beetroot juice caused increased plasma S-nitrosothiol levels compared with baseline. Beetroot juice ingestion also caused increased S-nitrosothiol and NO2⁻ levels in red blood cells compared with baseline. RSNO formation may contribute to the physiological effects of dietary NO3⁻.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abu-Alghayth
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Lee J Wylie
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sinead Tj McDonagh
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Christopher Thompson
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Stefan Kadach
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Paul Kerr
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, EX1 2PD, UK
| | - Miranda J Smallwood
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
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19
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Jones AM, Vanhatalo A, Seals DR, Rossman MJ, Piknova B, Jonvik KL. Dietary Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Metabolism: Mouth, Circulation, Skeletal Muscle, and Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:280-294. [PMID: 32735111 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in myriad physiological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, mitochondrial respiration, and skeletal muscle contractile function. NO may be produced via the canonical NO synthase-catalyzed oxidation of l-arginine and also by the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrite and then NO. The body's nitrate stores can be augmented by the ingestion of nitrate-rich foods (primarily green leafy vegetables). NO bioavailability is greatly enhanced by the activity of bacteria residing in the mouth, which reduce nitrate to nitrite, thereby increasing the concentration of circulating nitrite, which can be reduced further to NO in regions of low oxygen availability. Recent investigations have focused on promoting this nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway to positively affect indices of cardiovascular health and exercise tolerance. It has been reported that dietary nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and sodium nitrite supplementation improves vascular endothelial function and reduces the stiffening of large elastic arteries in older humans. Nitrate supplementation has also been shown to enhance skeletal muscle function and to improve exercise performance in some circumstances. Recently, it has been established that nitrate concentration in skeletal muscle is much higher than that in blood and that muscle nitrate stores are exquisitely sensitive to dietary nitrate supplementation and deprivation. In this review, we consider the possibility that nitrate represents an essential storage form of NO and discuss the integrated function of the oral microbiome, circulation, and skeletal muscle in nitrate-nitrite-NO metabolism, as well as the practical relevance for health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Jones
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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20
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Cialoni D, Brizzolari A, Samaja M, Bosco G, Paganini M, Pieri M, Lancellotti V, Marroni A. Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress Changes at Depth in Breath-Hold Diving. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609642. [PMID: 33488400 PMCID: PMC7818785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several mechanisms allow humans to resist the extreme conditions encountered during breath-hold diving. Available nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major contributors to such complex adaptations at depth and oxidative stress is one of the major collateral effects of diving. Due to technical difficulties, these biomarkers have not so far been studied in vivo while at depth. The aim of this study is to investigate nitrate and nitrite (NOx) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) before, during, and after repetitive breath-hold dives in healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods Blood plasma, obtained from 14 expert breath-hold divers, was tested for differences in NOx, TAC, and TBARS between pre-dive, bottom, surface, 30 and 60 min post-dive samples. Results We observed a statistically significant increase of NOx plasma concentration in the “bottom blood draw” as compared to the pre-dive condition while we did not find any difference in the following samples We found a statistically significant decrease in TAC at the bottom but the value returned to normality immediately after reaching the surface. We did not find any statistically significant difference in TBARS. Discussion The increased plasma NOx values found at the bottom were not observed at surface and post dive sampling (T0, T30, T60), showing a very rapid return to the pre-dive values. Also TAC values returned to pre- diving levels immediately after the end of hyperbaric exposure, probably as a consequence of the activation of endogenous antioxidant defenses. TBARS did not show any difference during the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cialoni
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Apnea Academy Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Brizzolari
- Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Valentina Lancellotti
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marroni
- Divers Alert Network (DAN) Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
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21
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Amanullah S, Saha P, Nayek A, Ahmed ME, Dey A. Biochemical and artificial pathways for the reduction of carbon dioxide, nitrite and the competing proton reduction: effect of 2nd sphere interactions in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3755-3823. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01405b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of oxides and oxoanions of carbon and nitrogen are of great contemporary importance as they are crucial for a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Md Estak Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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22
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Oral Administration of Sodium Nitrate to Metabolic Syndrome Patients Attenuates Mild Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses to Acute Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070596. [PMID: 32646062 PMCID: PMC7402183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome pathologies have been related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Dietary nitrate supplementation is an emerging treatment strategy to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome affections and to improve vascular function. In this double-blind crossover trial, metabolic syndrome patients performed two exercise tests for 30 min at 60–70% maximal heart rate after the intake of a placebo or a nitrate-enriched beverage. Acute exercise increased the plasma concentration of TNFα, intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, PGE1, PGE2 and the newly detected 16-hydroxypalmitic acid (16-HPAL) in metabolic syndrome patients. The cytokine and oxylipin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neutrophils could be responsible for the plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL6, but not for the plasma concentration of oxylipins nor its post-exercise increase. The intake of sodium nitrate 30 min before exercise increased the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the oral cavity and plasma and reduced the oxygen cost of exercise. Additionally, nitrate intake prevented the enhancing effects of acute exercise on the plasma concentration of TNFα, ICAM1, PGE1, PGE2 and 16-HPAL, while reducing the capabilities of PBMCs and neutrophils to produce oxylipins.
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23
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Al-Shehri SS, Duley JA, Bansal N. Xanthine oxidase-lactoperoxidase system and innate immunity: Biochemical actions and physiological roles. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101524. [PMID: 32334145 PMCID: PMC7183230 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system in mammals is the first-line defense that plays an important protective role against a wide spectrum of pathogens, especially during early life before the adaptive immune system develops. The enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and secretions, and have a variety of biological functions including in innate immunity, provoking much interest for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The enzymes are characterized by their generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydrogen peroxide, hypothiocyanite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. XO is a major generator of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide that subsequently trigger a cascade of oxidative radical pathways, including those produced by LPO, which have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against pathogens including opportunistic bacteria. In addition to their role in host microbial defense, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play important physiological roles as second messenger cell signaling molecules, including cellular proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. There are several indications that the reactive species generated by peroxide have positive effects on human health, particularly in neonates; however, some important in vivo aspects of this system remain obscure. The primary dependence of the system on hydrogen peroxide has led us to propose it is particularly relevant to neonate mammals during milk feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S Al-Shehri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - John A Duley
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia
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24
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Nyakayiru J, van Loon LJC, Verdijk LB. Could intramuscular storage of dietary nitrate contribute to its ergogenic effect? A mini-review. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:295-300. [PMID: 32224084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research performed over the past 10 years has resulted in dietary nitrate being considered a nutritional supplement that can improve exercise performance. However, there is still limited insight in the metabolic fate of dietary nitrate following the appearance of nitrate and nitrite in the circulation. Recent observations in humans suggest the storage of nitrate in skeletal muscle tissue. This short review discusses the possibility of nitrate being stored and utilized in human skeletal muscle tissue, and why confirming this may increase our understanding of how the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway improves exercise performance. Further insight in skeletal muscle nitrate storage and metabolism may provide answers to current gaps in knowledge, such as the ergogenic benefit of acute vs multiday dietary nitrate supplementation, as well as the suggested muscle fiber-type specific effects on exercise performance. In this mini-review, specific questions that need further exploration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Nyakayiru
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Rochon ER, Missinato MA, Xue J, Tejero J, Tsang M, Gladwin MT, Corti P. Nitrite Improves Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:363-377. [PMID: 31724431 PMCID: PMC6985782 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) under physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions to modulate angiogenesis and improve ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although adult mammals lack the ability to regenerate the heart after injury, this is preserved in neonates and efforts to reactivate this process are of great interest. Unlike mammals, the adult zebrafish maintain the innate ability to regenerate their hearts after injury, providing an important model to study cardiac regeneration. We thus explored the effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac and fin regeneration and downstream cellular and molecular signaling pathways in response to amputation and cryoinjury. Results: Nitrite treatment of zebrafish after ventricular amputation or cryoinjury to the heart in hypoxic water (∼3 parts per million of oxygen) increases cardiomyocyte proliferation, improves angiogenesis, and enhances early recruitment of thrombocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils to the injury. When tested in a fin regeneration model, neutrophil recruitment to the injury site was found to be dependent on NO. Innovation: This is the first study to evaluate effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac regeneration in response to cardiac injury, with the observation that nitrite in water accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration. Conclusion: Physiological and therapeutic levels of nitrite increase thrombocyte, neutrophil, and macrophage recruitment to the heart after amputation and cryoinjury in zebrafish, resulting in accelerated cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. Translation of this finding to mammalian models of injury during early development may provide an opportunity to improve outcomes during intrauterine fetal or neonatal cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jianmin Xue
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paola Corti
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
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27
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Cortés-Puch I, Sun J, Schechter AN, Solomon SB, Park JW, Feng J, Gilliard C, Natanson C, Piknova B. Inhaled nebulized nitrite and nitrate therapy in a canine model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Nitric Oxide 2019; 91:1-14. [PMID: 31299340 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway can lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in mammals. Discovery of an alternative pathway to NO generation involving reduction from nitrate to nitrite and to NO has motivated the evaluation of nitrite as an alternative to inhaled NO for PH. In contrast, inhaled nitrate has not been evaluated to date, and potential benefits include a prolonged half-life and decreased risk of methemoglobinemia. In a canine model of acute hypoxia-induced PH we evaluated the effects of inhaled nitrate to reduce pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). In a randomized controlled trial, inhaled nitrate was compared to inhaled nitrite and inhaled saline. Exhaled NO, PAP and systemic blood pressures were continuously monitored. Inhaled nitrite significantly decreased PAP and increased exhaled NO. In contrast, inhaled nitrate and inhaled saline did not decrease PAP or increase exhaled NO. Unexpectedly, we found that inhaled nitrite resulted in prolonged (>5 h) exhaled NO release, increase in nitrate venous/arterial levels and a late surge in venous nitrite levels. These findings do not support a therapeutic role for inhaled nitrate in PH but may have therapeutic implications for inhaled nitrite in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cortés-Puch
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan N Schechter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven B Solomon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji Won Park
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cameron Gilliard
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Charles Natanson
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbora Piknova
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H 2 O 2 metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:803-816. [PMID: 30609289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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29
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Hughan KS, Wendell SG, Delmastro-Greenwood M, Helbling N, Corey C, Bellavia L, Potti G, Grimes G, Goodpaster B, Kim-Shapiro DB, Shiva S, Freeman BA, Gladwin MT. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate. Hypertension 2019; 70:634-644. [PMID: 28739973 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary NO3- (nitrate) and NO2- (nitrite) support ˙NO (nitric oxide) generation and downstream vascular signaling responses. These nitrogen oxides also generate secondary nitrosating and nitrating species that react with low molecular weight thiols, heme centers, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids. To explore the kinetics of NO3-and NO2-metabolism and the impact of dietary lipid on nitrogen oxide metabolism and cardiovascular responses, the stable isotopes Na15NO3 and Na15NO2 were orally administered in the presence or absence of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA). The reduction of 15NO2- to 15NO was indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of hyperfine splitting patterns reflecting 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin complexes. This formation of 15NO also translated to decreased systolic and mean arterial blood pressures and inhibition of platelet function. Upon concurrent administration of cLA, there was a significant increase in plasma cLA nitration products 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. Coadministration of cLA with 15NO2- also impacted the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of 15NO2-, with cLA administration suppressing plasma NO3-and NO2-levels, decreasing 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin formation, NO2-inhibition of platelet activation, and the vasodilatory actions of NO2-, while enhancing the formation of 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. These results indicate that the biochemical reactions and physiological responses to oral 15NO3-and 15NO2-are significantly impacted by dietary constituents, such as unsaturated lipids. This can explain the variable responses to NO3-and NO2-supplementation in clinical trials and reveals dietary strategies for promoting the generation of pleiotropic nitrogen oxide-derived lipid signaling mediators. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01681836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Hughan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Meghan Delmastro-Greenwood
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Nicole Helbling
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Catherine Corey
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Landon Bellavia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Gopal Potti
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - George Grimes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Sruti Shiva
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
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Abstract
The genus Vibrio includes serious human pathogens, and mollusks are a significant reservoir for species such as V. vulnificus. Vibrio species encode PecS, a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcription factors; pecS is divergently oriented to pecM, which encodes an efflux pump. We report here that Vibrio species feature frequent duplications of pecS-pecM genes, suggesting evolutionary pressures to respond to distinct environmental situations. The single V. vulnificus PecS binds two sites within the pecS-pecM intergenic region with Kd = 0.3 ± 0.1 nM, a binding that is attenuated by the ligands xanthine and urate, except when promoter DNA is saturated with PecS. A unique target is found in the intergenic region between genes encoding the nitric oxide sensing transcription factor, NsrR, and nod; the nod-encoded nitric oxide dioxygenase is important for preventing nitric oxide stress. Reporter gene assays show that PecS-mediated repression of gene expression can be relieved in presence of ligand. Since xanthine and urate are produced as part of the oxidative burst during host defenses and under molluscan hypoxia, we propose that these intermediates in the host purine degradation pathway function to promote bacterial survival during hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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Lim YJ, Foo TC, Yeung AWS, Tu X, Ma Y, Hawkins CL, Witting PK, Jameson GNL, Terentis AC, Thomas SR. Human Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Is an Efficient Mammalian Nitrite Reductase. Biochemistry 2019; 58:974-986. [PMID: 30585477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first reaction of l-tryptophan oxidation along the kynurenine pathway. IDO1 is a central immunoregulatory enzyme with important implications for inflammation, infectious disease, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Here we demonstrate that IDO1 is a mammalian nitrite reductase capable of chemically reducing nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) under hypoxia. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy showed that incubation of dithionite-reduced, ferrous-IDO1 protein (FeII-IDO1) with nitrite under anaerobic conditions resulted in the time-dependent formation of an FeII-nitrosyl IDO1 species, which was inhibited by substrate l-tryptophan, dependent on the concentration of nitrite or IDO1, and independent of the concentration of the reductant, dithionite. The bimolecular rate constant for IDO1 nitrite reductase activity was determined as 5.4 M-1 s-1 (pH 7.4, 23 °C), which was comparable to that measured for myoglobin (3.6 M-1 s-1; pH 7.4, 23 °C), an efficient and biologically important mammalian heme-based nitrite reductase. IDO1 nitrite reductase activity was pH-dependent but differed with myoglobin in that it showed a reduced proton dependency at pH >7. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies measuring NO production showed that the conventional IDO1 dioxygenase reducing cofactors, ascorbate and methylene blue, enhanced IDO1's nitrite reductase activity and the time- and IDO1 concentration-dependent release of NO in a manner inhibited by l-tryptophan or the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-l-tryptophan. These data identify IDO1 as an efficient mammalian nitrite reductase that is capable of generating NO under anaerobic conditions. IDO1's nitrite reductase activity may have important implications for the enzyme's biological actions when expressed within hypoxic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy C Foo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N DK-2200 , Denmark
| | - Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Guy N L Jameson
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Andrew C Terentis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
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DeMartino AW, Kim‐Shapiro DB, Patel RP, Gladwin MT. Nitrite and nitrate chemical biology and signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:228-245. [PMID: 30152056 PMCID: PMC6295445 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate (NO3 - ), nitrite (NO2 - ) and NO are nitrogenous species with a diverse and interconnected chemical biology. The formation of NO from nitrate and nitrite via a reductive 'nitrate-nitrite-NO' pathway and resulting in vasodilation is now an established complementary route to traditional NOS-derived vasodilation. Nitrate, found in our diet and abundant in mammalian tissues and circulation, is activated via reduction to nitrite predominantly by our commensal oral microbiome. The subsequent in vivo reduction of nitrite, a stable vascular reserve of NO, is facilitated by a number of haem-containing and molybdenum-cofactor proteins. NO generation from nitrite is enhanced during physiological and pathological hypoxia and in disease states involving ischaemia-reperfusion injury. As such, modulation of these NO vascular repositories via exogenously supplied nitrite and nitrate has been evaluated as a therapeutic approach in a number of diseases. Ultimately, the chemical biology of nitrate and nitrite is governed by local concentrations, reaction equilibrium constants, and the generation of transient intermediates, with kinetic rate constants modulated at differing physiological pH values and oxygen tensions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Daniel B. Kim‐Shapiro
- Department of PhysicsWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNCUSA
- Translational Science CenterWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
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Tropea T, Wareing M, Greenwood SL, Feelisch M, Sibley CP, Cottrell EC. Nitrite mediated vasorelaxation in human chorionic plate vessels is enhanced by hypoxia and dependent on the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 80:82-88. [PMID: 30179715 PMCID: PMC6199414 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adequate perfusion of the placental vasculature is essential to meet the metabolic demands of fetal growth and development. Lacking neural control, local tissue metabolites, circulating and physical factors contribute significantly to blood flow regulation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of fetoplacental vascular tone. Nitrite, previously considered an inert end-product of NO oxidation, has been shown to provide an important source of NO. Reduction of nitrite to NO may be particularly relevant in tissue when the oxygen-dependent NO synthase (NOS) activity is compromised, e.g. in hypoxia. The contribution of this pathway in the placenta is currently unknown. We hypothesised that nitrite vasodilates human placental blood vessels, with enhanced efficacy under hypoxia. Placentas were collected from uncomplicated pregnancies and the vasorelaxant effect of nitrite (10-6-5x10-3 M) was assessed using wire myography on isolated pre-constricted chorionic plate arteries (CPAs) and veins (CPVs) under normoxic (pO2 ∼5%) and hypoxic (pO2 ∼1%) conditions. The dependency on the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and known nitrite reductase (NiR) activities was also investigated. Nitrite caused concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in both arteries and veins, and this effect was enhanced by hypoxia, significantly in CPVs (P < 0.01) and with a trend in CPAs (P = 0.054). Pre-incubation with NO scavengers (cPTIO and oxyhemoglobin) attenuated (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and the sGC inhibitor ODQ completely abolished nitrite-mediated vasorelaxation, confirming the involvement of NO and sGC. Inhibition of potential NiR enzymes xanthine oxidoreductase, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial bc1 complex did not attenuate vasorelaxation. This data suggests that nitrite may provide an important reservoir of NO bioactivity within the placenta to enhance blood flow when fetoplacental oxygenation is impaired, as occurring in pregnancy diseases such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Tropea
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Wareing
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P Sibley
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Cottrell
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wang B, Shi Y, Tejero J, Powell SM, Thomas LM, Gladwin MT, Shiva S, Zhang Y, Richter-Addo GB. Nitrosyl Myoglobins and Their Nitrite Precursors: Crystal Structural and Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics Theoretical Investigations of Preferred Fe -NO Ligand Orientations in Myoglobin Distal Pockets. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4788-4802. [PMID: 29999305 PMCID: PMC6474360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The globular dioxygen binding heme protein myoglobin (Mb) is present in several species. Its interactions with the simple nitrogen oxides, namely, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite, have been known for decades, but the physiological relevance has only recently become more fully appreciated. We previously reported the O-nitrito mode of binding of nitrite to ferric horse heart wild-type (wt) MbIII and human hemoglobin. We have expanded on this work and report the interactions of nitrite with wt sperm whale (sw) MbIII and its H64A, H64Q, and V68A/I107Y mutants whose dissociation constants increase in the following order: H64Q < wt < V68A/I107Y < H64A. We also report their X-ray crystal structures that reveal the O-nitrito mode of binding of nitrite to these derivatives. The MbII-mediated reductions of nitrite to NO and structural data for the wt and mutant MbII-NOs are described. We show that their FeNO orientations vary with distal pocket identity, with the FeNO moieties pointing toward the hydrophobic interiors when the His64 residue is present but toward the hydrophilic exterior when this His64 residue is absent in this set of mutants. This correlates with the nature of H-bonding to the bound NO ligand (nitrosyl O vs N atom). Quantum mechanics and hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations help elucidate the origin of the experimentally preferred NO orientations. In a few cases, the calculations reproduce the experimentally observed orientations only when the whole protein is taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Yelu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson,
Hoboken, NJ 07030
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Samantha M. Powell
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Leonard M. Thomas
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA
15213
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson,
Hoboken, NJ 07030
| | - George B. Richter-Addo
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019
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Tharmalingam S, Alhasawi A, Appanna VP, Lemire J, Appanna VD. Reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-resistant microbes: adaptation and medical implications. Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28622140 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosative stress results from an increase in reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within the cell. Though the RNS - nitric oxide (·NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) - play pivotal physiological roles, at elevated concentrations, these moieties can be poisonous to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike due to their capacity to disrupt a variety of essential biological processes. Numerous microbes are known to adapt to nitrosative stress by elaborating intricate strategies aimed at neutralizing RNS. In this review, we will discuss both the enzymatic systems dedicated to the elimination of RNS as well as the metabolic networks that are tailored to generate RNS-detoxifying metabolites - α-keto-acids. The latter has been demonstrated to nullify RNS via non-enzymatic decarboxylation resulting in the production of a carboxylic acid, many of which are potent signaling molecules. Furthermore, as aerobic energy production is severely impeded during nitrosative stress, alternative ATP-generating modules will be explored. To that end, a holistic understanding of the molecular adaptation to nitrosative stress, reinforces the notion that neutralization of toxicants necessitates significant metabolic reconfiguration to facilitate cell survival. As the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistant pathogens continues unabated, this review will also discuss the potential for developing therapies that target the alternative ATP-generating machinery of bacteria.
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Nitrite administration improves sepsis-induced myocardial and mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating stress signal responses. J Anesth 2017; 31:885-894. [PMID: 29063286 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A specific therapeutic strategy in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction remains to be determined. Nitrite may have cardioprotective effects against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of nitrite on myocardial function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and its underlying molecular mechanisms in severe septic rats. METHODS Sepsis was induced in male Wistar rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). After CLP, we administered normal saline (NS group) or nitrite (nitrite group) subcutaneously. We administered nitrite at different doses (0.1-10 mg/kg) to ascertain the most effective dose and examined cardiac function in an isolated heart experiment 8 h after CLP. We investigated mitochondrial bioenergetics and molecular mechanisms underlying the administration of nitrite in vitro. RESULTS In isolated heart experiments, the left ventricular developed pressure (96 ± 5 mmHg) at a moderate nitrite dose (1.0 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the NS group (75 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.05). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the nitrite group was significantly higher than that in the NS group (P < 0.01). Immunoblotting revealed that nitrite significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt (P < 0.05) and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (P < 0.05) compared with the NS group. Nitrite was also shown to improve the rate of survival in severe septic rats (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that a moderate nitrite dose improved septic myocardial dysfunction at organ, cellular, and molecular levels via modulation of stress signal responses, which resulted in an improvement in survival.
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Zhuge Z, Paulo LL, Jahandideh A, Brandão MCR, Athayde-Filho PF, Lundberg JO, Braga VA, Carlström M, Montenegro MF. Synthesis and characterization of a novel organic nitrate NDHP: Role of xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated nitric oxide formation. Redox Biol 2017; 13:163-169. [PMID: 28578274 PMCID: PMC5458096 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the synthesis and characterization of 1,3-bis(hexyloxy)propan-2-yl nitrate (NDHP), a novel organic mono nitrate. Using purified xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we found that XOR catalyzes nitric oxide (NO) generation from NDHP under anaerobic conditions, and that thiols are not involved or required in this process. Further mechanistic studies revealed that NDHP could be reduced to NO at both the FAD and the molybdenum sites of XOR, but that the FAD site required an unoccupied molybdenum site. Conversely, the molybdenum site was able to reduce NDHP independently of an active FAD site. Moreover, using isolated vessels in a myograph, we demonstrate that NDHP dilates pre-constricted mesenteric arteries from rats and mice. These effects were diminished when XOR was blocked using the selective inhibitor febuxostat. Finally, we demonstrate that NDHP, in contrast to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), is not subject to development of tolerance in isolated mesenteric arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Zhuge
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luciano L Paulo
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Arghavan Jahandideh
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria C R Brandão
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Jon O Lundberg
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xie F, Rong B, Wang TC, Hao L, Lin MJ, Zhong JQ. Interaction between nitric oxide signaling and gap junctions during ischemic preconditioning: Importance of S-nitrosylation vs. protein kinase G activation. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:37-42. [PMID: 28216239 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated to exploring the mechanisms of IPC, and the GJ is one of the proposed targets of IPC. Several lines of evidence have indicated that NO affects GJ permeability regulation and expression of connexin isoforms. NO-induced stimulation of the sGC-cGMP pathway and the subsequent PKG activation could lead directly to connexin phosphorylation and GJ coupling modification. Additionally, because NO-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury beyond the cGMP/PKG-dependent pathway has been reported in isolated cardiomyocytes, it has been posited that NO-mediated GJ coupling might be independent from the activation of the NO-induced cGMP/PKG pathway during IPC. S-nitrosylation by NO exerts a major influence in IPC-induced cardioprotection. It has been suggested that NO-mediated cardioprotection during IPC was not dependent on sGC/cGMP/PKG but on SNO signaling. We need more researches to prove that which signaling pathway (S-nitrosylation or protein kinase G activation) is the major one modulating GJ coupling during IPC. The aim of review article is to discuss the possible signaling pathways of NO in regulating GJ during IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Cadre Health Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Quan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Caliceti C, Calabria D, Roda A, Cicero AFG. Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040395. [PMID: 28420204 PMCID: PMC5409734 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a direct relationship between fructose intake and serum levels of uric acid (UA), which is the final product of purine metabolism. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that chronic hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. It is probably also an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cognitive decline. These relationships have been observed for high serum UA levels (>5.5 mg/dL in women and >6 mg/dL in men), but also for normal to high serum UA levels (5-6 mg/dL). In this regard, blood UA levels are much higher in industrialized countries than in the rest of the world. Xanthine-oxidase inhibitors can reduce UA and seem to minimize its negative effects on vascular health. Other dietary and pathophysiological factors are also related to UA production. However, the role of fructose-derived UA in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we critically review recent research on the biochemistry of UA production, the relationship between fructose intake and UA production, and how this relationship is linked to cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI EA), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Donato Calabria
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI EA), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI EA), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Restini CBA, Gonçalves L. Nitric Oxide and Related Aspects Underlying Angina. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2017; 11:33-46. [PMID: 28567132 PMCID: PMC5418930 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401711010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased number of patients affected by metabolic syndrome (MS) has prompted the necessity of better understanding what is involved in such syndrome. Nevertheless, the establishment of promising therapies depends on the knowledge about the interaction of molecules within MS. In such context, Nitric Oxide (NO) emerges from a bulk of works relating its roles on aspects of MS, including cardiovascular diseases, their symptoms and comorbidities, which are thought to be triggered by similar sources. NO, nitric oxide synthase and enzymatic chains are keys for those disease and symptoms processes. NO has been separately described as part of hypertensive, ischemic and pain signaling. Although there are similar pathways likely shared for generating cardiovascular symptoms such angina, they are barely associated to NO in literature. The present review aims to clarify the patterns of NO alteration in metabolic syndrome directly concerned to cardiovascular symptoms, especially angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baraldi Araujo Restini
- Biotechnology Dept. (Lab: Cardiorenal Pharmacology)/Medical School, University of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gonçalves
- Biotechnology Dept. (Lab: Cardiorenal Pharmacology)/Medical School, University of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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Burnley-Hall N, Willis G, Davis J, Rees DA, James PE. Nitrite-derived nitric oxide reduces hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-mediated extracellular vesicle production by endothelial cells. Nitric Oxide 2016; 63:1-12. [PMID: 28017872 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, spherical particles enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer (∼30-1000 nm) released from multiple cell types, and have been shown to have pathophysiological roles in a plethora of disease states. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) allows for adaptation of cellular physiology in hypoxia and may permit the enhanced release of EVs under such conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, and can modulate the cellular response to hypoxia by preventing HIF-1 accumulation. We aimed to selectively target HIF-1 via sodium nitrite (NaNO2) addition, and examine the effect on endothelial EV, size, concentration and function, and delineate the role of HIF-1 in EV biogenesis. METHODS Endothelial (HECV) cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions (1% O2, 24 h) and compared to endothelial cells exposed to normoxia (21% O2) with and without the presence of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) (30 μM). Allopurinol (100 μM), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase, was added both alone and in combination with NaNO2 to cells exposed to hypoxia. EV and cell preparations were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and confirmed by electron microscopy. Western blotting and siRNA were used to confirm the role of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in EV biogenesis. Flow cytometry and time-resolved fluorescence were used to assess the surface and intravesicular protein content. RESULTS Endothelial (HECV) cells exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) produced higher levels of EVs compared to cells exposed to normoxia. This increase was confirmed using the hypoxia-mimetic agent desferrioxamine. Treatment of cells with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) reduced the hypoxic enhancement of EV production. Treatment of cells with the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol, in addition to NaNO2 attenuated the NaNO2-attributed suppression of hypoxia-mediated EV release. Transfection of cells with HIF-1α siRNA, but not HIF-2α siRNA, prior to hypoxic exposure prevented the enhancement of EV release. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that hypoxia enhances the release of EVs in endothelial cells, and that this is mediated by HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α. Furthermore, the reduction of NO2- to NO via xanthine oxidoreductase during hypoxia appears to inhibit HIF-1α-mediated EV production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Willis
- Division Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Davis
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - D Aled Rees
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Philip E James
- Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, CF5 2SG, UK.
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Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Amaral JH, Portella RL, Tella SDOC, Passos MA, Tanus-Santos JE. Oral nitrite circumvents antiseptic mouthwash-induced disruption of enterosalivary circuit of nitrate and promotes nitrosation and blood pressure lowering effect. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:226-235. [PMID: 27769921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO•) metabolites nitrite and nitrate exert antihypertensive effects by mechanisms that involve gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols. However, while the use of antiseptic mouthwash (AM) is known to attenuate the responses to nitrate by disrupting its enterosalivary cycle, there is little information about whether AM attenuates the effects of orally administered nitrite. We hypothesized that the antihypertensive effects of orally administered nitrite would not be prevented by AM because, in contrast to oral nitrate, oral nitrite could promote S-nitrosothiols formation in the stomach without intereference by AM. Chronic effects of oral nitrite or nitrate were studied in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats (and normotensive controls) treated with AM (or vehicle) once/day. We found that orally administered nitrite exerts antihypertensive effects that were not affected by AM. This finding contrasts with lack of antihypertensive responses to oral nitrate in 2K1C hypertensive rats treated with AM. Nitrite and nitrate treatments increased plasma nitrites, nitrates, and S-nitrosothiols concentrations. However, while treatment with AM attenuated the increases in plasma nitrite concentrations after both nitrite and nitrate treatments, AM attenuated the increases in S-nitrosothiols in nitrate-treated rats, but not in nitrite-treated rats. Moreover, AM attenuated vascular S-nitrosylation (detected by the SNO-RAC method) after nitrate, but not after nitrite treatment. Significant correlations were found between the hypotensive responses and S-nitrosothiols, and vascular S-nitrosylation levels. These results show for the first time that oral nitrite exerts antihypertensive effects notwithstanding the fact that antiseptic mouthwash disrupts the enterosalivary circulation of nitrate. Our results support a major role for S-nitrosothiols formation resulting in vascular S-nitrosylation as a key mechanism for the antihypertensive effects of both oral nitrite and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Portella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra de O C Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Madla A Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Hansen MN, Lundberg JO, Filice M, Fago A, Christensen NMG, Jensen FB. The roles of tissue nitrate reductase activity and myoglobin in securing nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3875-3883. [PMID: 27742892 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.149195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, treatment with low doses of nitrite has a cytoprotective effect in ischemia/reperfusion events, as a result of nitric oxide formation and S-nitrosation of proteins. Interestingly, anoxia-tolerant lower vertebrates possess an intrinsic ability to increase intracellular nitrite concentration during anoxia in tissues with high myoglobin and mitochondria content, such as the heart. Here, we tested the hypothesis that red and white skeletal muscles develop different nitrite levels in crucian carp exposed to deep hypoxia and assessed whether this correlates with myoglobin concentration. We also tested whether liver, muscle and heart tissue possess nitrate reductase activity that supplies nitrite to the tissues during severe hypoxia. Crucian carp exposed to deep hypoxia (1<PO2 <3 mmHg) for 1 day increased nitrite in red musculature to more than double the value in normoxic fish, while nitrite was unchanged in white musculature. There was a highly significant positive correlation between tissue concentrations of nitrite and nitros(yl)ated compounds. Myoglobin levels were 7 times higher in red than in white musculature, but there was no clear correlation between nitrite and myoglobin levels. Finally, we found a low but significant nitrate reductase activity in liver and white muscle, but not in cardiomyocytes. Nitrate reduction was inhibited by allopurinol, showing that it was partly catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Angela Fago
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | - Frank B Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
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Peleli M, Zollbrecht C, Montenegro MF, Hezel M, Zhong J, Persson EG, Holmdahl R, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Carlström M. Enhanced XOR activity in eNOS-deficient mice: Effects on the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway and ROS homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:472-484. [PMID: 27609225 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is generally known as the final enzyme in purine metabolism and as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this enzyme has been suggested to mediate nitric oxide (NO) formation via reduction of inorganic nitrate and nitrite. This NO synthase (NOS)-independent pathway for NO generation is of particular importance during certain conditions when NO bioavailability is diminished due to reduced activity of endothelial NOS (eNOS) or increased oxidative stress, including aging and cardiovascular disease. The exact interplay between NOS- and XOR-derived NO generation is not fully elucidated yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate if eNOS deficiency is associated with changes in XOR expression and activity and the possible impact on nitrite, NO and ROS homeostasis. Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite were similar between eNOS deficient (eNOS-/-) and wildtype (wt) mice. XOR activity was upregulated in eNOS-/- compared with wt, but not in nNOS-/-, iNOS-/- or wt mice treated with the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Following an acute dose of nitrate, plasma nitrite increased more in eNOS-/- compared with wt, and this augmented response was abolished by the selective XOR inhibitor febuxostat. Livers from eNOS-/- displayed higher nitrite reducing capacity compared with wt, and this effect was attenuated by febuxostat. Dietary supplementation with nitrate increased XOR expression and activity, but concomitantly reduced superoxide generation. The latter effect was also seen in vitro after nitrite administration. Treatment with febuxostat elevated blood pressure in eNOS-/-, but not in wt mice. A high dose of dietary nitrate reduced blood pressure in naïve eNOS-/- mice, and again this effect was abolished by febuxostat. In conclusion, eNOS deficiency is associated with an upregulation of XOR facilitating the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway and decreasing the generation of ROS. This interplay between XOR and eNOS is proposed to play a significant role in NO homeostasis and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa Zollbrecht
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Hezel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianghong Zhong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik G Persson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Piknova B, Park JW, Kwan Jeff Lam K, Schechter AN. Nitrate as a source of nitrite and nitric oxide during exercise hyperemia in rat skeletal muscle. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:54-61. [PMID: 27000467 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes, mainly the NOS1 isoform, in skeletal muscle had been well established; however in the last decade it has been realized that NO may also be produced by reduction of nitrate and tissue nitrite. We have recently shown that rodent skeletal muscle contains unusually high concentrations of nitrate, compared to blood and other tissues, likely produced by oxidation of NOS1-produced NO. In the present study we measured nitrate and nitrite levels in Wistar rat leg tissue before and after acute and chronic exercise of the animals on a treadmill. We found a very large decrease of muscle nitrate levels immediately after exercise accompanied by a transient increase of nitrite levels. A significant decrease in blood nitrate levels accompanied the changes in muscle levels. Using skeletal muscle tissue homogenates we established that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is at least partially responsible for the generation of nitrite and/or NO from nitrate and that this effect is increased by slight lowering of pH and by other processes related to the exercise itself. We hypothesize that the skeletal muscle nitrate reservoir contributes significantly to the generation of nitrite and then, probably via formation of NO, exercise-induced functional hyperemia. A model for these metabolic interconversions in mammals is presented. These reactions could explain the muscle-generated vasodilator causing increased blood flow, with induced contraction, exercise, or hypoxia, postulated more than 100 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ji Won Park
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Kwan Jeff Lam
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Nitrogen oxide cycle regulates nitric oxide levels and bacterial cell signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22038. [PMID: 26912114 PMCID: PMC4766573 DOI: 10.1038/srep22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling controls various metabolic pathways in bacteria and higher eukaryotes. Cellular enzymes synthesize and detoxify NO; however, a mechanism that controls its cellular homeostasis has not been identified. Here, we found a nitrogen oxide cycle involving nitrate reductase (Nar) and the NO dioxygenase flavohemoglobin (Fhb), that facilitate inter-conversion of nitrate, nitrite, and NO in the actinobacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. This cycle regulates cellular NO levels, bacterial antibiotic production, and morphological differentiation. NO down-regulates Nar and up-regulates Fhb gene expression via the NO-dependent transcriptional factors DevSR and NsrR, respectively, which are involved in the auto-regulation mechanism of intracellular NO levels. Nitrite generated by the NO cycles induces gene expression in neighboring cells, indicating an additional role of the cycle as a producer of a transmittable inter-cellular communication molecule.
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Maruyama D, Hirata N, Tokinaga Y, Kawaguchi R, Yamakage M. Nitrite Reduces Ischemia-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias by Attenuating Connexin 43 Dephosphorylation in Rats. Anesth Analg 2016; 122:410-7. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Stable isotope-assisted LC-MS/MS monitoring of glyceryl trinitrate bioactivation in a cell culture model of nitrate tolerance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1019:156-63. [PMID: 26796748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) metabolites nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)) can be quantified as an endpoint of endothelial function. We developed a LC-MS/MS method of measuring nitrite and nitrate isotopologues, which has a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 nM. This method allows for isotopic labeling to differentiate newly formed nitrite and nitrate from nanomolar to micromolar background levels of nitrite and nitrate in biological matrices. This method utilizes 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) derivatization, which reacts with nitrite under acidic conditions to produce 2,3-naphthotriazole (NAT). NAT was chromatographically separated on a Shimadzu LC System with an Agilent Extend-C18 5 μm 2.1 × 150 mm column and detected using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method on an ABSciex 3200 QTRAP mass spectrometer operated in positive mode. Mass spectrometry allows for the quantification of (14)N-NAT (m/z 170.1) and (15)N-NAT (m/z 171.1). Both nitrite and nitrate demonstrated a linear detector response (1 nM - 10 μM, 1 nM - 100 nM, respectively), and were unaffected by common interferences (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phenol red, and NADPH). This method requires minimal sample preparation, making it ideal for most biological applications. We applied this method to develop a cell culture model to study the development of nitrate tolerance in human endothelial cells (EA.hy926).
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Dungel P, Perlinger M, Weidinger A, Redl H, Kozlov AV. The cytoprotective effect of nitrite is based on the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:300-10. [PMID: 26415027 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite protects various organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we provide evidence that this protection is due to the inhibition of iron-mediated oxidative reactions caused by the release of iron ions upon hypoxia. We show in a model of isolated rat liver mitochondria that upon hypoxia, mitochondria reduce nitrite to nitric oxide (NO) in amounts sufficient to inactivate redox-active iron ions by formation of inactive dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC). The scavenging of iron ions in turn prevents the oxidative modification of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the release of cytochrome c during reoxygenation. This action of nitrite protects mitochondrial function. The formation of DNIC with nitrite-derived NO could also be confirmed in an ischemia-reperfusion model in liver tissue. Our data suggest that the formation of DNIC is a key mechanism of nitrite-mediated cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Perlinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria.
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