1
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Zhang X, Abdulbagi M, Wang L, Wang J, Di B, Li B. HPLC with chiral stationary phase for separation and kinetics study of aspartic acid epimerization in Peroxiredoxin 2 active site peptide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 247:116247. [PMID: 38815521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid epimerization, a process of converting L-amino acids to D-amino acids, will lead to modification in the protein structure and, subsequently, its biological function. This modification causes no change in protein m/z and may be overlooked during protein analysis. Aspartic Acid Epimerization (AAE) is faster than other amino acids and could be accelerated by free radicals and peroxides. In this work, a novel and site-specific HPLC method using a chiral stationary phase for determining the AAE in the active site model peptide (AP) of Peroxiredoxin 2 has been developed and validated. The developed method showed good linearity (1 - 200 μg/mL) and recoveries of the limit of quantification (LOQ), low, medium, and high concentrations were between 85% and 115%. The Kinetics of AAE in AP were studied using the developed method, and the results showed that when ascorbic acid and Cu2+ coexisted, the AP epimerized rapidly. The AAE extent increased with time and was positively correlated with hydrogen peroxide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mohamed Abdulbagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Hangzhou Innovative Institute of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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2
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Castro H, Rocha MI, Duarte M, Vilurbina J, Gomes-Alves AG, Leao T, Dias F, Morgan B, Deponte M, Tomás AM. The cytosolic hyperoxidation-sensitive and -robust Leishmania peroxiredoxins cPRX1 and cPRX2 are both dispensable for parasite infectivity. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103122. [PMID: 38490068 PMCID: PMC10955670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical two-cysteine peroxiredoxins (2-Cys-PRXs) are H2O2-metabolizing enzymes whose activity relies on two cysteine residues. Protists of the family Trypanosomatidae invariably express one cytosolic 2-Cys-PRX (cPRX1). However, the Leishmaniinae sub-family features an additional isoform (cPRX2), almost identical to cPRX1, except for the lack of an elongated C-terminus with a Tyr-Phe (YF) motif. Previously, cytosolic PRXs were considered vital components of the trypanosomatid antioxidant machinery. Here, we shed new light on the properties, functions and relevance of cPRXs from the human pathogen Leishmania infantum. We show first that LicPRX1 is sensitive to inactivation by hyperoxidation, mirroring other YF-containing PRXs participating in redox signaling. Using genetic fusion constructs with roGFP2, we establish that LicPRX1 and LicPRX2 can act as sensors for H2O2 and oxidize protein thiols with implications for signal transduction. Third, we show that while disrupting the LicPRX-encoding genes increases susceptibility of L. infantum promastigotes to external H2O2in vitro, both enzymes are dispensable for the parasites to endure the macrophage respiratory burst, differentiate into amastigotes and initiate in vivo infections. This study introduces a novel perspective on the functions of trypanosomatid cPRXs, exposing their dual roles as both peroxidases and redox sensors. Furthermore, the discovery that Leishmania can adapt to the absence of both enzymes has significant implications for our understanding of Leishmania infections and their treatment. Importantly, it questions the conventional notion that the oxidative response of macrophages during phagocytosis is a major barrier to infection and the suitability of cPRXs as drug targets for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Castro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Rocha
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Duarte
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Vilurbina
- Fachbereich Chemie, Abteilung Biochemie, RPTU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ana Georgina Gomes-Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Leao
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Dias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institut für Biochemie, Zentrum für Human und Molekularbiologie (ZHMB), Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Fachbereich Chemie, Abteilung Biochemie, RPTU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Tomás
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Mathai C, Jourd'heuil F, Pham LGC, Gilliard K, Balnis J, Jen A, Overmyer KA, Coon JJ, Jaitovich A, Boivin B, Jourd'heuil D. A role for cytoglobin in regulating intracellular hydrogen peroxide and redox signals in the vasculature. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.31.535146. [PMID: 37034694 PMCID: PMC10081330 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.31.535146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxidant hydrogen peroxide serves as a signaling molecule that alters many aspects of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies suggest that cytoglobin - a hemoglobin expressed in the vasculature - may promote electron transfer reactions with proposed functions in hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Here, we determined the extent to which cytoglobin regulates intracellular hydrogen peroxide and established mechanisms. We found that cytoglobin decreased the hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxins and maintained the activity of peroxiredoxin 2 following challenge with exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Cytoglobin promoted a reduced intracellular environment and facilitated the reduction of the thiol-based hydrogen peroxide sensor Hyper7 after bolus addition of hydrogen peroxide. Cytoglobin also limited the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide on glycolysis and reversed the oxidative inactivation of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. Our results indicate that cytoglobin in cells exists primarily as oxyferrous cytoglobin (CygbFe 2+ -O 2 ) with its cysteine residues in the reduced form. We found that the specific substitution of one of two cysteine residues on cytoglobin (C83A) inhibited the reductive activity of cytoglobin on Hyper7 and GAPDH. Carotid arteries from cytoglobin knockout mice were more sensitive to glycolytic inhibition by hydrogen peroxide than arteries from wildtype mice. Together, these results support a role for cytoglobin in regulating intracellular redox signals associated with hydrogen peroxide through oxidation of its cysteine residues, independent of hydrogen peroxide reaction at its heme center.
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4
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Vahsen T, Brault A, Mourer T, Labbé S. A novel role of the fission yeast sulfiredoxin Srx1 in heme acquisition. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:608-628. [PMID: 37644673 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The transporter Str3 promotes heme import in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells that lack the heme receptor Shu1 and are deficient in heme biosynthesis. Under microaerobic conditions, the peroxiredoxin Tpx1 acts as a heme scavenger within the Str3-dependent pathway. Here, we show that Srx1, a sulfiredoxin known to interact with Tpx1, is essential for optimal growth in the presence of hemin. The expression of Srx1 is induced in response to low iron and repressed under iron repletion. Coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments show that Srx1 interacts with Str3. Although the interaction between Srx1 and Str3 is weakened, it is still observed in tpx1Δ mutant cells or when Str3 is coexpressed with a mutant form of Srx1 (mutD) that cannot bind Tpx1. Further analysis by absorbance spectroscopy and hemin-agarose pull-down assays confirms the binding of Srx1 to hemin, with an equilibrium constant value of 2.56 μM. To validate the Srx1-hemin association, we utilize a Srx1 mutant (mutH) that fails to interact with hemin. Notably, when Srx1 binds to hemin, it partially shields hemin from degradation caused by hydrogen peroxide. Collectively, these findings elucidate an additional function of the sulfiredoxin Srx1, beyond its conventional role in oxidative stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vahsen
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariane Brault
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Mourer
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Labbé
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Pillay CS, John N, Barry CJ, Mthethwa LMDC, Rohwer JM. Atypical network topologies enhance the reductive capacity of pathogen thiol antioxidant defense networks. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102802. [PMID: 37423162 PMCID: PMC10338151 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant health burden for developing countries, particularly with the rise of multidrug resistance. There is an urgent need to elucidate the factors underlying the persistence of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei. In contrast to host cells, these pathogens traverse multiple and varied redox environments during their infectious cycles, including exposure to high levels of host-derived reactive oxygen species. Pathogen antioxidant defenses such as the peroxiredoxin and thioredoxin systems play critical roles in the redox stress tolerance of these cells. However, many of the kinetic rate constants obtained for the pathogen peroxiredoxins are broadly similar to their mammalian homologs and therefore, their contributions to the redox tolerances within these cells are enigmatic. Using graph theoretical analysis, we show that compared to a canonical Escherichia coli redoxin network, pathogen redoxin networks contain unique network connections (motifs) between their thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins. Analysis of these motifs reveals that they increase the hydroperoxide reduction capacity of these networks and, in response to an oxidative insult, can distribute fluxes into specific thioredoxin-dependent pathways. Our results emphasize that the high oxidative stress tolerance of these pathogens depends on both the kinetic parameters for hydroperoxide reduction and the connectivity within their thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ché S Pillay
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.
| | - Nolyn John
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Christopher J Barry
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Johann M Rohwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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6
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Zhou B, Szymanski CM, Baylink A. Bacterial chemotaxis in human diseases. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:453-467. [PMID: 36411201 PMCID: PMC11238666 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To infect and cause disease, bacterial pathogens must localize to specific regions of the host where they possess the metabolic and defensive acumen for survival. Motile flagellated pathogens exercise control over their localization through chemotaxis to direct motility based on the landscape of exogenous nutrients, toxins, and molecular cues sensed within the host. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles chemotaxis plays in human diseases. Chemotaxis drives pathogen colonization to sites of inflammation and injury and mediates fitness advantages through accessing host-derived nutrients from damaged tissue. Injury tropism may worsen clinical outcomes through instigating chronic inflammation and subsequent cancer development. Inhibiting bacterial chemotactic systems could act synergistically with antibacterial medicines for more effective and specific eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Zhou
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arden Baylink
- Washington State University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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7
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Peroxiredoxin 2: An Important Element of the Antioxidant Defense of the Erythrocyte. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051012. [PMID: 37237878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) is the third most abundant erythrocyte protein. It was known previously as calpromotin since its binding to the membrane stimulates the calcium-dependent potassium channel. Prdx2 is present mostly in cytosol in the form of non-covalent dimers but may associate into doughnut-like decamers and other oligomers. Prdx2 reacts rapidly with hydrogen peroxide (k > 107 M-1 s-1). It is the main erythrocyte antioxidant that removes hydrogen peroxide formed endogenously by hemoglobin autoxidation. Prdx2 also reduces other peroxides including lipid, urate, amino acid, and protein hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. Oxidized Prdx2 can be reduced at the expense of thioredoxin but also of other thiols, especially glutathione. Further reactions of Prdx2 with oxidants lead to hyperoxidation (formation of sulfinyl or sulfonyl derivatives of the peroxidative cysteine). The sulfinyl derivative can be reduced by sulfiredoxin. Circadian oscillations in the level of hyperoxidation of erythrocyte Prdx2 were reported. The protein can be subject to post-translational modifications; some of them, such as phosphorylation, nitration, and acetylation, increase its activity. Prdx2 can also act as a chaperone for hemoglobin and erythrocyte membrane proteins, especially during the maturation of erythrocyte precursors. The extent of Prdx2 oxidation is increased in various diseases and can be an index of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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8
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Shimizu T, Ida T, Antelo GT, Ihara Y, Fakhoury JN, Masuda S, Giedroc DP, Akaike T, Capdevila DA, Masuda T. Polysulfide metabolizing enzymes influence SqrR-mediated sulfide-induced transcription by impacting intracellular polysulfide dynamics. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad048. [PMID: 36909821 PMCID: PMC9995734 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide plays essential roles in controlling various physiological activities in almost all organisms. Although recent evidence has demonstrated that sulfide is endogenously generated and metabolized into polysulfides inside the cells, the relationship between polysulfide metabolism and polysulfide-sensing mechanisms is not well understood. To better define this interplay between polysulfide metabolism and sensing in cells, we investigated the role of polysulfide-metabolizing enzymes such as sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) on the temporal dynamics of cellular polysulfide speciation and on the transcriptional regulation by the persulfide-responsive transcription factor SqrR in Rhodobacter capsulatus. We show that disruption of the sqr gene resulted in the loss of SqrR repression by exogenous sulfide at longer culture times, which impacts the speciation of intracellular polysulfides of Δsqr vs. wild-type strains. Both the attenuated response of SqrR and the change in polysulfide dynamics of the Δsqr strain is fully reversed by the addition to cells of cystine-derived polysulfides, but not by glutathione disulfide (GSSG)-derived polysulfides. Furthermore, cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) yields a higher rate of oxidation of SqrR relative to glutathione persulfide (GSSH), which leads to DNA dissociation in vitro. The oxidation of SqrR was confirmed by a mass spectrometry-based kinetic profiling strategy that showed distinct polysulfide-crosslinked products obtained with CysSSH vs. GSSH. Taken together, these results establish a novel association between the metabolism of polysulfides and the mechanisms for polysulfide sensing inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of 8 Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Giuliano T Antelo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Yuta Ihara
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Joseph N Fakhoury
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of 8 Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daiana A Capdevila
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Tatsuru Masuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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9
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Peroxiredoxins and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Duodenal Tissue: Emerging Factors in the Pathophysiology of Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1779-1793. [PMID: 36826059 PMCID: PMC9954839 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are powerful antioxidant enzymes having an important role in significant cellular pathways including cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the expression levels of all PRDX isoforms (1-6) and their possible relationships with a transcription factor, HIF-1α, in the small intestinal tissue samples of pediatric CD patients. The study groups consisted of first-diagnosed CD patients (n = 7) and non-CD patients with functional gastrointestinal tract disorders as the controls (n = 7). The PRDXs and HIF-1α expression levels were determined by using real-time PCR and Western blotting in duodenal biopsy samples. It was observed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDX 5 were significantly higher in the CD patients, whereas the PRDX 1, -2, and -4 expressions were decreased in each case compared to the control group. No significant differences were detected in the PRDX 3 and PRDX 6 expressions. The expression of HIF-1α was also significantly elevated in CD patients. These findings indicate, for the first time, that PRDXs, particularly PRDX 5, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CD. Furthermore, our results suggest that HIF-1α may upregulate PRDX-5 transcription in the duodenal tissue of CD.
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10
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Xu C, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhang J, Sun Y. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of peroxiredoxin 3 (NdPrx3) from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100081. [PMID: 36654784 PMCID: PMC9841174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) widely exist in organisms and can prevent oxidative damage. Here, the characterization and biological function of NdPrx3 from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis were analyzed. The coding sequence of NdPrx3 consists of 684 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 227 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 24.7 kDa and theoretical pI 6.49. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the conserved domains of NdPrx3, including catalytic triad, dimer interface, decamer interface, peroxidatic, and resolving cysteines, were similar to those of other organisms. The phylogenetic relationship demonstrated that NdPrx3 clustered in the Prx3 class. The highest relative expression of NdPrx3 mRNA was confirmed in gill among the nine tissues from healthy shrimp. The transcript level of NdPrx3 was significantly upregulated from 0 h to 48 h and decreased in 72 h under copper challenge, indicating that NdPrx3 may play an important role in the copper challenge of N. denticulata sinensis. In addition, NdPrx3 was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified to one band on SDS-PAGE. The DNA protection of rNdPrx3 was verified. The enzymatic assay of the recombinant NdPrx3 indicated that it had the oxidoreductase function and was stable at a low temperature (10-30 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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11
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Shen N, Qi X, Bagrov DV, Krechetov SP, Sharapov MG, Durymanov MO. Surface modification of fibroblasts with peroxiredoxin-1-loaded polymeric microparticles increases cell mobility, resistance to oxidative stress and collagen I production. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112834. [PMID: 36152599 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the cell surface with artificial nano- and microparticles (also termed "cellular backpacks") containing biologically active payloads usually enables drug targeting via harnessing intrinsic cell tropism to the sites of injury. In some cases, using cells as delivery vehicles leads to improved pharmacokinetics due to extended circulation time of cell-immobilized formulations. Another rationale for particle attachment to cells is augmentation of desirable cellular functions and cell proliferation in response to release of the particle contents. In this study, we conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with multifunctional antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx1) to the surface of fibroblasts. The obtained microparticles were uniform in size and demonstrated sustained protein release. We found that the released Prx1 maintains its signaling activity resulting in macrophage activation, as indicated by TNFα upregulation and increase in ROS generation. Functionalization of fibroblasts with PLGA/Prx1 microparticles via EDC/sulfo-NHS coupling reaction did not affect cell viability but increased cell migratory properties and collagen I production. Moreover, PLGA/Prx1 backpacks increased resistance of fibroblasts to oxidative stress and attenuated cell senescence. In summary, we have developed a novel approach of fibroblast modification to augment their biological properties, which can be desirable for wound repair, cosmetic dermatology, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Shen
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Xiaoli Qi
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Bagrov
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P Krechetov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Mikhail O Durymanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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12
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Gupta DN, Dalal V, Savita BK, Alam MS, Singh A, Gubyad M, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Biochemical characterization and structure-based in silico screening of potent inhibitor molecules against the 1 cys peroxiredoxin of bacterioferritin comigratory protein family from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2096118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Mrugendra Gubyad
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Kachimet, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Kachimet, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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13
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Wu M, Deng C, Lo TH, Chan KY, Li X, Wong CM. Peroxiredoxin, Senescence, and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111772. [PMID: 35681467 PMCID: PMC9179887 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are multifunctional enzymes that play a key role in protecting cells from stresses and maintaining the homeostasis of many cellular processes. Peroxiredoxins were firstly identified as antioxidant enzymes that can be found in all living organisms. Later studies demonstrated that peroxiredoxins also act as redox signaling regulators, chaperones, and proinflammatory factors and play important roles in oxidative defense, redox signaling, protein folding, cycle cell progression, DNA integrity, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. The versatility of peroxiredoxins is mainly based on their unique active center cysteine with a wide range of redox states and the ability to switch between low- and high-molecular-weight species for regulating their peroxidase and chaperone activities. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of peroxiredoxin in these processes will allow the development of new approaches to enhance longevity and to treat various cancers. In this article, we briefly review the history of peroxiredoxins, summarize recent advances in our understanding of peroxiredoxins in aging- and cancer-related biological processes, and discuss the future perspectives of using peroxiredoxins in disease diagnostics and treatments.
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Tan S, Bai J, Xu M, Zhang L, Wang Y. Thioredoxin-1 Activation by Pterostilbene Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841330. [PMID: 35496300 PMCID: PMC9043100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used in cancer treatment. However, DOX can cause a range of significant side effects, of which hepatotoxicity is a common one, and therefore limits its clinical use. Pterostilbene (PTS) has been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of liver diseases but whether PTS could protect against hepatotoxicity in DOX-treated mice is unknown. Methods: In our study, we use C57/BL6J mice and the HepG2 cell line. We divided the mice in 4 groups: the control, the PTS treatment, the DOX treatment, and the DOX + PTS treatment group. Liver histopathology was judged by performing hematoxylin–eosin and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to perform the expression of NLRP3. The levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were evaluated. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and DCFH-DA staining were used to evaluate the oxidative injury. Western blot and real-time PCR were applied to evaluate the expressions of proteins and mRNA. MTT was used to evaluate DOX-induced cell injury and the protective effects of PTS. Recombinant Trx-1 was used to analyze the mechanism of PTS. A TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis in DOX-induced HepG2 cells and the protective effects of PTS. Results: PTS ameliorated DOX-induced liver pathological changes and the levels of AST and ALT. PTS also decreased the level of MDA, increased the level of SOD, GSH, and the expression of Trx-1 in DOX-treated mice. PTS decreased the levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA and the expressions of their proteins in DOX-treated mice. In addition, PTS also decreased the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and BAX and increased the expression of BCL-2. In vitro, after treatment with recombinant Trx-1, ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome were both decreased. Treatment with PTS could rescue the downregulation of Trx-1, decreased the ROS level and the NLRP3 inflammasome, and protected HepG2 cells against DOX-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: The results show that PTS exhibits protective effects against DOX-induced liver injuries via suppression of oxidative stress, fibrosis, NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation, and cell apoptosis which might lead to a new approach of preventing DOX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingxi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Longying Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Longying Zhang, ; Ying Wang,
| | - Ying Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Longying Zhang, ; Ying Wang,
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15
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Aloe vera increases collagen fibres in extracellular matrix and mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in bovine ovarian cortical tissues cultured in vitro. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:365-372. [PMID: 34851249 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In vitro culture of ovarian tissue containing primordial follicles is an important tool to study the initiation of follicular populations and to develop efficient culture systems to support in vitro follicle growth. Considering that in vitro culture favours oxidative stress, it is very important to supplement culture medium with antioxidant substances such as Aloe vera extract. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Aloe vera on the distribution of collagen fibres in the extracellular matrix, follicular activation, development and survival in bovine ovarian cortical tissues cultured in vitro, as well as on expression of mRNAs for antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1)]. To this end, ovarian cortical tissues were cultured for 6 days in α-MEM alone or supplemented with different concentrations of Aloe vera extract (1.0, 5.0, 10.0 or 50.0%). After culture, fragments were fixed and processed histologically to evaluate follicular morphology and activation, as well as the extracellular matrix by staining with picrosirius red. The levels of mRNA for SOD, CAT, PRDX6 and GPX1 in cultured ovarian tissues were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ovarian tissues cultured with 10.0 or 50.0% Aloe vera had higher percentages of collagen fibres than tissues cultured in control medium. A significant increase in developing follicles was observed in ovarian tissues cultured in α-MEM alone or supplemented with 10% Aloe vera when compared with fresh control or tissues cultured with 1.0% Aloe vera. Presence of Aloe vera did not influence the percentage of morphologically normal follicles when compared with control medium. Ovarian tissues cultured with 50.0% Aloe vera had higher percentages of morphologically normal follicles than those cultured with 10.0% Aloe vera. Furthermore, 10% Aloe vera significantly increased mRNA levels for PRDX6. In conclusion, 10.0% Aloe vera improves extracellular matrix distribution in cultured tissues and increases the expression of mRNA for PRDX6 after 6 days in vitro.
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Pillay CS, John N. Can thiol-based redox systems be utilized as parts for synthetic biology applications? Redox Rep 2021; 26:147-159. [PMID: 34378494 PMCID: PMC8366655 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1966183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Synthetic biology has emerged from molecular biology and engineering approaches and aims to develop novel, biologically-inspired systems for industrial and basic research applications ranging from biocomputing to drug production. Surprisingly, redoxin (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin) and other thiol-based redox systems have not been widely utilized in many of these synthetic biology applications. METHODS We reviewed thiol-based redox systems and the development of synthetic biology applications that have used thiol-dependent parts. RESULTS The development of circuits to facilitate cytoplasmic disulfide bonding, biocomputing and the treatment of intestinal bowel disease are amongst the applications that have used thiol-based parts. We propose that genetically encoded redox sensors, thiol-based biomaterials and intracellular hydrogen peroxide generators may also be valuable components for synthetic biology applications. DISCUSSION Thiol-based systems play multiple roles in cellular redox metabolism, antioxidant defense and signaling and could therefore offer a vast and diverse portfolio of components, parts and devices for synthetic biology applications. However, factors limiting the adoption of redoxin systems for synthetic biology applications include the orthogonality of thiol-based components, limitations in the methods to characterize thiol-based systems and an incomplete understanding of the design principles of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ché S. Pillay
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Nolyn John
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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17
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Liebthal M, Kushwah MS, Kukura P, Dietz KJ. Single molecule mass photometry reveals the dynamic oligomerization of human and plant peroxiredoxins. iScience 2021; 24:103258. [PMID: 34765909 PMCID: PMC8571717 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein oligomerization is central to biological function and regulation, yet its experimental quantification and measurement of dynamic transitions in solution remain challenging. Here, we show that single molecule mass photometry quantifies affinity and polydispersity of heterogeneous protein complexes in solution. We demonstrate these capabilities by studying the functionally relevant oligomeric equilibria of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins (2CPs). Comparison of the polydispersity of plant and human 2CPs as a function of concentration and redox state revealed features conserved among all 2CPs. In addition, we also find species-specific differences in oligomeric transitions, the occurrence of intermediates and the formation of high molecular weight complexes, which are associated with chaperone activity or act as a storage pool for more efficient dimers outlining the functional differentiation of human 2CPs. Our results point to a diversified functionality of oligomerization for 2CPs and illustrate the power of mass photometry for characterizing heterogeneous oligomeric protein distributions in near native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Manish Singh Kushwah
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, UK
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, UK
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effect of the Peroxiredoxin-6 Are Mediated via the Protection of Astrocytes during Ischemia/Reoxygenation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168805. [PMID: 34445509 PMCID: PMC8396200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-like conditions reflect almost the entire spectrum of events that occur during cerebral ischemia, including the induction of oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, and activation of necrosis and apoptosis in brain cells. Mechanisms for the protective effects of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin-6 (Prx-6) on hippocampal cells during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were investigated. Using the methods of fluorescence microscopy, inhibitory analysis, vitality tests and PCR, it was shown that 24-h incubation of mixed hippocampal cell cultures with Prx-6 does not affect the generation of a reversible phase of a OGD-induced rise in Ca2+ ions in cytosol ([Ca2+]i), but inhibits a global increase in [Ca2+]i in astrocytes completely and in neurons by 70%. In addition, after 40 min of OGD, cell necrosis is suppressed, especially in the astrocyte population. This effect is associated with the complex action of Prx-6 on neuroglial networks. As an antioxidant, Prx-6 has a more pronounced and astrocyte-directed effect, compared to the exogenous antioxidant vitamin E (Vit E). Prx-6 inhibits ROS production in mitochondria by increasing the antioxidant capacity of cells and altering the expression of genes encoding redox status proteins. Due to the close bond between [Ca2+]i and intracellular ROS, this effect of Prx-6 is one of its protective mechanisms. Moreover, Prx-6 effectively suppresses not only necrosis, but also apoptosis during OGD and reoxygenation. Incubation with Prx-6 leads to activation of the basic expression of genes encoding protective kinases—PI3K, CaMKII, PKC, anti-apoptotic proteins—Stat3 and Bcl-2, while inhibiting the expression of signaling kinases and factors involved in apoptosis activation—Ikk, Src, NF-κb, Caspase-3, p53, Fas, etc. This effect on the basic expression of the genome leads to the cell preconditions, which is expressed in the inhibition of caspase-3 during OGD/reoxygenation. A significant effect of Prx-6 is directed on suppression of the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and factor TNFα, as well as genes encoding NMDA- and kainate receptor subunits, which was established for the first time for this antioxidant enzyme. The protective effect of Prx-6 is due to its antioxidant properties, since mutant Prx-6 (mutPrx-6, Prx6-C47S) leads to polar opposite effects, contributing to oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis and cell death through receptor action on TLR4.
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19
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Abstract
Bacteria that colonize animals must overcome, or coexist, with the reactive oxygen species products of inflammation, a front-line defense of innate immunity. Among these is the neutrophilic oxidant bleach, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent antimicrobial that plays a primary role in killing bacteria through nonspecific oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA. Here, we report that in response to increasing HOCl levels, Escherichia coli regulates biofilm production via activation of the diguanylate cyclase DgcZ. We identify the mechanism of DgcZ sensing of HOCl to be direct oxidation of its regulatory chemoreceptor zinc-binding (CZB) domain. Dissection of CZB signal transduction reveals that oxidation of the conserved zinc-binding cysteine controls CZB Zn2+ occupancy, which in turn regulates the catalysis of c-di-GMP by the associated GGDEF domain. We find DgcZ-dependent biofilm formation and HOCl sensing to be regulated in vivo by the conserved zinc-coordinating cysteine. Additionally, point mutants that mimic oxidized CZB states increase total biofilm. A survey of bacterial genomes reveals that many pathogenic bacteria that manipulate host inflammation as part of their colonization strategy possess CZB-regulated diguanylate cyclases and chemoreceptors. Our findings suggest that CZB domains are zinc-sensitive regulators that allow host-associated bacteria to perceive host inflammation through reactivity with HOCl.
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20
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Karuppasamy P, Thiruppathi D, Ganesan M, Rajendran T, Rajagopal S, Sivasubramanian VK, Rajapandian V. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of L-Cysteine, L-Methionine, and Methionine–Glycine Using [Oxoiron(IV)–Salen] Ion Immobilized Glassy Carbon Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Dorey A, Cwiklinski K, Rooney J, De Marco Verissimo C, López Corrales J, Jewhurst H, Fazekas B, Calvani NED, Hamon S, Gaughan S, Dalton JP, Lalor R. Autonomous Non Antioxidant Roles for Fasciola hepatica Secreted Thioredoxin-1 and Peroxiredoxin-1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:667272. [PMID: 34026663 PMCID: PMC8131638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.667272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola are the cause of liver fluke disease (fasciolosis) in humans and their livestock. Infection of the host involves invasion through the intestinal wall followed by migration in the liver that results in extensive damage, before the parasite settles as a mature egg-laying adult in the bile ducts. Genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that increased metabolic stress during the rapid growth and development of F. hepatica is balanced with the up-regulation of the thiol-independent antioxidant system. In this cascade system thioredoxin/glutathione reductase (TGR) reduces thioredoxin (Trx), which then reduces and activates peroxiredoxin (Prx), whose major function is to protect cells against the damaging hydrogen peroxide free radicals. F. hepatica expresses a single TGR, three Trx and three Prx genes; however, the transcriptional expression of Trx1 and Prx1 far out-weighs (>50-fold) other members of their family, and both are major components of the parasite secretome. While Prx1 possesses a leader signal peptide that directs its secretion through the classical pathway and explains why this enzyme is found freely soluble in the secretome, Trx1 lacks a leader peptide and is secreted via an alternative pathway that packages the majority of this enzyme into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we propose that F. hepatica Prx1 and Trx1 do not function as part of the parasite’s stress-inducible thiol-dependant cascade, but play autonomous roles in defence against the general anti-pathogen oxidative burst by innate immune cells, in the modulation of host immune responses and regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Dorey
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - James Rooney
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jesús López Corrales
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heather Jewhurst
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Barbara Fazekas
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Hamon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Gaughan
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Richard Lalor
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Gupta DN, Dalal V, Savita BK, Dhankhar P, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. In-silico screening and identification of potential inhibitors against 2Cys peroxiredoxin of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8725-8739. [PMID: 33939584 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1916597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a worldwide citrus plant disease-related to non-culturable and fastidious α-proteobacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). In CLas, Peroxiredoxin (Prx) plays a major role in the reduction of the level of reactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals and peroxides, etc. Here, we have used structure-based drug designing approach was used to screen and identify the potent molecules against 2Cys Prx. The virtual screening of fragments library was performed against the three-dimensional validated model of Prx. To evaluate the binding affinity, the top four molecules (N-Boc-2-amino isobutyric acid (B2AI), BOC-L-Valine (BLV), 1-(boc-amino) cyclobutane carboxylic acid (1BAC), and N-Benzoyl-DL-alanine (BDLA)) were docked at the active site of Prx. The molecular docking results revealed that all the identified molecules had a higher binding affinity than Tert butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), a substrate of Prx. Molecular dynamics analysis such as RMSD, Rg, SASA, hydrogen bonds, and PCA results indicated that Prx-inhibitor(s) complexes had lesser fluctuations and were more stable and compact than Prx-TBHP complex. MMPBSA results confirmed that the identified compounds could bind at the active site of Prx to form a lower energy Prx-inhibitor(s) complex than Prx-TBHP complex. The identified potent molecules may pave the path for the development of antimicrobial agents against CLA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Peskin AV, Winterbourn CC. The Enigma of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins: What Are Their Roles? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:84-91. [PMID: 33705284 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins are abundant thiol proteins that react efficiently with a wide range of peroxides. Unlike other enzymes, their exceptionally high reactivity does not rely on cofactors. The mechanism of oxidation and reduction of peroxiredoxins places them in a good position to act as antioxidants as well as key players in redox signaling. Understanding of the intimate details of peroxiredoxin functioning is important for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Peskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, Otago, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, Otago, 8140, New Zealand
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24
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Zhou Y, Li H, Xia N. The Interplay Between Adipose Tissue and Vasculature: Role of Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650214. [PMID: 33748199 PMCID: PMC7969519 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome are well-established risk factors for CVDs. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological role of adipose tissues is of great importance in maintaining cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress, characterized by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, is a common cellular stress shared by obesity and CVDs. While plenty of literatures have illustrated the vascular oxidative stress, very few have discussed the impact of oxidative stress in adipose tissues. Adipose tissues can communicate with vascular systems, in an endocrine and paracrine manner, through secreting several adipocytokines, which is largely dysregulated in obesity. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress in obesity and vascular endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we briefly describe the possible causes of oxidative stress in obesity, and the impact of obesity-induced oxidative stress on adipose tissue function. We also summarize the crosstalk between adipose tissue and vasculature mediated by adipocytokines in vascular oxidative stress. In addition, we highlight the potential target mediating adipose tissue oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Chamorro-Flores A, Tiessen-Favier A, Gregorio-Jorge J, Villalobos-López MA, Guevara-García ÁA, López-Meyer M, Arroyo-Becerra A. High levels of glucose alter Physcomitrella patens metabolism and trigger a differential proteomic response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242919. [PMID: 33275616 PMCID: PMC7717569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugars act not only as substrates for plant metabolism, but also have a pivotal role in signaling pathways. Glucose signaling has been widely studied in the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but it has remained unexplored in non-vascular species such as Physcomitrella patens. To investigate P. patens response to high glucose treatment, we explored the dynamic changes in metabolism and protein population by applying a metabolomic fingerprint analysis (DIESI-MS), carbohydrate and chlorophyll quantification, Fv/Fm determination and label-free untargeted proteomics. Glucose feeding causes specific changes in P. patens metabolomic fingerprint, carbohydrate contents and protein accumulation, which is clearly different from those of osmotically induced responses. The maximal rate of PSII was not affected although chlorophyll decreased in both treatments. The biological process, cellular component, and molecular function gene ontology (GO) classifications of the differentially expressed proteins indicate the translation process is the most represented category in response to glucose, followed by photosynthesis, cellular response to oxidative stress and protein refolding. Importantly, although several proteins have high fold changes, these proteins have no predicted identity. The most significant discovery of our study at the proteome level is that high glucose increase abundance of proteins related to the translation process, which was not previously evidenced in non-vascular plants, indicating that regulation by glucose at the translational level is a partially conserved response in both plant lineages. To our knowledge, this is the first time that metabolome fingerprint and proteomic analyses are performed after a high sugar treatment in non-vascular plants. These findings unravel evolutionarily shared and differential responses between vascular and non-vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Chamorro-Flores
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN), Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Axel Tiessen-Favier
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada (CIBA-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Angel Villalobos-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN), Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Ángel Arturo Guevara-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IBT-UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Melina López-Meyer
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Analilia Arroyo-Becerra
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN), Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
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Valentim-Coelho C, Vaz F, Antunes M, Neves S, Martins IL, Osório H, Feliciano A, Pinto P, Bárbara C, Penque D. Redox-Oligomeric State of Peroxiredoxin-2 and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Red Blood Cells under Positive Airway Pressure Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1184. [PMID: 33256145 PMCID: PMC7761104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of six months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) red blood cell (RBC) proteome by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) - based proteomics followed by Western blotting (WB) validation. The discovered dysregulated proteins/proteoforms are associated with cell death, H2O2 catabolic/metabolic process, stress response, and protein oligomerization. Validation by nonreducing WB was performed for peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by using antibodies against the sulfinylated/sulfonylated cysteine of these proteins to better evaluate their redox-oligomeric states under OSA and/or in response to PAP therapy. The results indicated that the redox-oligomeric state of GAPDH and PRDX2 involving overoxidation by sulfinic/sulfonic acids were differentially modulated in OSA RBC, which might be compromising RBC homeostasis. PAP therapy by restoring this modulation induced a higher oligomerization of overoxidized GAPDH and PRDX2 in some patients that could be associated with eryptosis and the chaperone "gain" of function, respectively. This varied response following PAP may result from the complex interplay between OSA and OSA metabolic comorbidity. Hence, information on the redox status of PRDX2 and GAPDH in RBC will help to better recognize OSA subtypes and predict the therapeutic response in these patients. GAPDH monomer combined with body mass index (BMI) and PRDX2 S-S dimer combined with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed to be very promising biomarkers to predict OSA and OSA severity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valentim-Coelho
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.V.-C.); (F.V.); (S.N.); (I.L.M.)
- ToxOmics—Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Vaz
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.V.-C.); (F.V.); (S.N.); (I.L.M.)
- ToxOmics—Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marília Antunes
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa e Departamento de Estatística e Investigação Operacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Neves
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.V.-C.); (F.V.); (S.N.); (I.L.M.)
- ToxOmics—Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês L. Martins
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.V.-C.); (F.V.); (S.N.); (I.L.M.)
- ToxOmics—Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia Feliciano
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte—CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (P.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Paula Pinto
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte—CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (P.P.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental—ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Bárbara
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte—CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (P.P.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental—ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deborah Penque
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.V.-C.); (F.V.); (S.N.); (I.L.M.)
- ToxOmics—Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
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Normant V, Brault A, Avino M, Mourer T, Vahsen T, Beaudoin J, Labbé S. Hemeprotein Tpx1 interacts with cell-surface heme transporter Str3 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:699-722. [PMID: 33140466 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Str3 is a transmembrane protein that mediates low-affinity heme uptake in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Under iron-limiting conditions, Str3 remains at the cell surface in the presence of increasing hemin concentrations. Using a proximity-dependent biotinylation approach coupled to mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we report that the peroxiredoxin Tpx1 is a binding partner of Str3. Under microaerobic conditions, cells deficient in heme biosynthesis and lacking the heme receptor Shu1 exhibit poor hemin-dependent growth in the absence of Tpx1. Analysis of membrane protein preparations from iron-starved hem1Δ shu1Δ str3Δ tpx1Δ cells coexpressing Str3-GFP and TAP-Tpx1 showed that TAP-Tpx1 is enriched in membrane protein fractions in response to hemin. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays brought additional evidence that an interaction between Tpx1 and Str3 occurs at the plasma membrane. Results showed that Tpx1 exhibits an equilibrium constant value of 0.26 μM for hemin. The association of Tpx1 with hemin protects hemin from degradation by H2 O2 . The peroxidase activity of hemin is lowered when it is bound to Tpx1. Taken together, these results revealed that Tpx1 is a novel interacting partner of Str3. Our data are the first example of an interaction between a cytoplasmic heme-binding protein and a cell-surface heme transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Normant
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ariane Brault
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mariano Avino
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Mourer
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Vahsen
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jude Beaudoin
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Labbé
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Sharapov MG, Gudkov SV. Peroxiredoxin 1 - Multifunctional antioxidant enzyme, protects from oxidative damages and increases the survival rate of mice exposed to total body irradiation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108671. [PMID: 33181129 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is known to be a multifunctional antioxidant enzyme playing an essential role in protecting the organism against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous recombinant Prx1 may provide additional protection of the mammalian organism during the development of acute oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation. Hence, the aim of the present work was to study the radioprotective properties of exogenous Prx1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant Prx1 was obtained by genetic engineering. The properties of Prx1 were studied using physicochemical methods. An immunoblotting and ELISA were used for the determination of the level of endogenous and exogenous Prx1 in animal blood. The survival rate of irradiated animals was assessed for 30 days with various modes of administration (intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenously) Prx1. Using a hematological analyzer and microscopic analysis, the changes in the level of leukocytes and platelets were assessed in animals that received and did not receive an intravenous injection of Prx1 before irradiation. Genoprotective properties of Prx1 were confirmed by micronucleus test. Real-time PCR was used to investigate the effect of Prx1 on the expression of genes involved in response to oxidative stress. RESULTS Recombinant Prx1 was shown to significantly reduce oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. Prx1 is an effective radioprotector which decreases the severity of radiation-induced leuko- and thrombocytopenia, plus protects bone marrow cells from damage. The half-life of Prx1 in the bloodstream is more than 1 h, while within 1 h there is a loss of the antioxidant activity of Prx1 by almost 50%, which limits its use long (2 h) before irradiation. The introduction of Prx1 after irradiation has no significant radiomitigating effect. The most effective way of using Prx1 is intravenous administration shortly (15-30 min) before exposure to ionizing radiation, with a dose reduction factor of 1.3. Under the action of ionizing radiation a dose-dependent appearance of endogenous Prx1 in the bloodstream was also observed. The appearance of Prx1 in the bloodstream alters the expression of stress response genes (especial antioxidant response and DNA repair) in the cells of red bone marrow, promoting the activation of repair processes. CONCLUSION The recombinant Prx1 can be considered as an effective radioprotector for minimizing the risks of injury of animal's body by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Longo LVG, Breyer CA, Novaes GM, Gegembauer G, Leitão NP, Octaviano CE, Toyama MH, de Oliveira MA, Puccia R. The Human Pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Has a Unique 1-Cys Peroxiredoxin That Localizes Both Intracellularly and at the Cell Surface. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:394. [PMID: 32850492 PMCID: PMC7417364 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus that causes systemic paracoccidioidomycosis, a granulomatous disease. The massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the host's cellular immune response is an essential strategy to restrain the fungal growth. Among the ROS, the hydroperoxides are very toxic antimicrobial compounds and fungal peroxidases are part of the pathogen neutralizing antioxidant arsenal against the host's defense. Among them, the peroxiredoxins are highlighted, since some estimates suggest that they are capable of decomposing most of the hydroperoxides generated in the host's mitochondria and cytosol. We presently characterized a unique P. brasiliensis 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (PbPrx1). Our results reveal that it can decompose hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides very efficiently. We showed that dithiolic, but not monothiolic compounds or heterologous thioredoxin reductant systems, were able to retain the enzyme activity. Structural analysis revealed that PbPrx1 has an α/β structure that is similar to the 1-Cys secondary structures described to date and that the quaternary conformation is represented by a dimer, independently of the redox state. We investigated the PbPrx1 localization using confocal microscopy, fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and immunoblot, and the results suggested that it localizes both in the cytoplasm and at the cell wall of the yeast and mycelial forms of P. brasiliensis, as well as in the yeast mitochondria. Our present results point to a possible role of this unique P. brasiliensis 1-Cys Prx1 in the fungal antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Valle Guilhen Longo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Breyer
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Novaes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregory Gegembauer
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natanael Pinheiro Leitão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Elizabete Octaviano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hikari Toyama
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Puccia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Kim MH, Kim JY, Kim JH, Lee HS, Huh JW, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 2 deficiency reduces white adipogenesis due to the excessive ROS generation. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2086-2093. [PMID: 32639620 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules to regulate various cell functions. Numerous studies have demonstrated ROS to be essential for the differentiation of adipocytes. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes in mammalian cells. Prx2 is present in the cytoplasm and cell membranes and demonstrates ROS scavenging activity. We focused on Prx2 involvement in regulating adipogenesis and lipid accumulation and demonstrated that Prx2 expression was upregulated during adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the silencing of Prx2 (shPrx2) inhibited adipogenesis by modulating adipogenic gene expression, and cell death was enhanced via increased ROS production in shPrx2-3T3-L1 cells. These results demonstrate that shPrx2 triggers adipocyte cell death and weakens adipocyte function via ROS production. Taken together, our data suggest the participation of Prx2 in adipocyte function and differentiation. Our results also imply that the downregulation of Prx2 activity could help prevent obesity. Overall, findings support the development of ROS-based therapeutic solutions for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeop Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hak Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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31
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Crystal structure of sulfonic peroxiredoxin Ahp1 in complex with thioredoxin Trx2 mimics a conformational intermediate during the catalytic cycle. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1055-1060. [PMID: 32531362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a thiol-based peroxidase that eliminates reactive oxygen species to avoid oxidative damage. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase Ahp1 is a novel and specific typical 2-cysteine Prx. Here, we present the crystal structure of sulfonic Ahp1 complexed with thioredoxin Trx2 at 2.12 Å resolution. This structure implies that the transient Ahp1-Trx2 complex during the catalytic cycle already have an ability to decompose the peroxides. Structural analysis reveals that the segment glutamine23-lysine32 juxtaposed to the resolving cysteine (CR) of Ahp1 moves inward to generate a compact structure upon peroxidatic cysteine (CP) overoxidation, resulting in the breakdown of several conserved hydrogen bonds formed by Ahp1-Trx2 complex interaction. Structural comparisons suggest that the structure of sulfonic Ahp1 represents a novel conformation of Ahp1, which can mimic a conformational intermediate between the reduced and oxidized forms. Therefore, this study may provide a new structural insight into the intermediate state in which the segment glutamine23-lysine32 juxtaposed to the cysteine31 (CR) undergoes a conformational change upon cysteine62 (CP) oxidation to prepare for the formation of an intermolecular CP-CR disulfide bond during Ahp1 catalytic cycle.
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32
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Li M, Wang J, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang M. Crystal structure of
Akkermansia muciniphila
peroxiredoxin reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of typical 2‐Cys Prxs by a distinct loop. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1550-1563. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui University Hefei China
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33
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Redox requirements for ubiquitin-like urmylation of Ahp1, a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from yeast. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101438. [PMID: 32004955 PMCID: PMC7016264 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast peroxiredoxin Ahp1, like related anti-oxidant enzymes in other species, undergoes urmylation, a lysine-directed conjugation to ubiquitin-like modifier Urm1. Ahp1 assembles into a homodimer that detoxifies peroxides via forming intersubunit disulfides between peroxidatic and resolving cysteines that are subsequently reduced by the thioredoxin system. Although urmylation coincides with oxidative stress, it is unclear how this modification happens on a molecular level and whether it affects peroxiredoxin activity. Here, we report that thioredoxin mutants decrease Ahp1 urmylation in yeast and each subunit of the oxidized Ahp1 dimer is modified by Urm1 suggesting coupling of urmylation to dimerization. Consistently, Ahp1 mutants unable to form dimers, fail to be urmylated as do mutants that lack the peroxidatic cysteine. Moreover, Ahp1 urmylation involves at least two lysine residues close to the catalytic cysteines and can be prevented in yeast cells exposed to high organic peroxide concentrations. Our results elucidate redox requirements and molecular determinants critical for Ahp1 urmylation, thus providing insights into a potential link between oxidant defense and Urm1 utilization in cells.
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34
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Vazquez DS, Zeida A, Agudelo WA, Montes MR, Ferrer-Sueta G, Santos J. Exploring the conformational transition between the fully folded and locally unfolded substates of Escherichia coli thiol peroxidase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9518-9533. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Temporal acquisition of the fully folded conformational substate of the Escherichia coli thiol peroxidase by accelerated molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego S. Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Expresión y Plegado de Proteínas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO)
- Facultad de Medicina
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
- Uruguay
| | - William A. Agudelo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC)
- Bogotá D.C
- Colombia
| | - Mónica R. Montes
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)
- “Prof. Dr Alejandro C. Paladini”
- Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica
- Instituto de Química Biológica and CEINBIO
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
| | - Javier Santos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3)
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular
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The interactome of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13542. [PMID: 31537845 PMCID: PMC6753162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPeroxiredoxins (Prxs) are crucially involved in maintaining intracellular H2O2homeostasis via their peroxidase activity. However, more recently, this class of proteins was found to also transmit oxidizing equivalents to selected downstream proteins, which suggests an important function of Prxs in the regulation of cellular protein redox relays. Using a pull-down assay based on mixed disulfide fishing, we characterized the thiol-dependent interactome of cytosolic Prx1a and mitochondrial Prx1m from the apicomplexan malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum(Pf). Here, 127 cytosolic and 20 mitochondrial proteins that are components of essential cellular processes were found to interact withPfPrx1a andPfPrx1m, respectively. Notably, our data obtained with active-site mutants suggests that reducing equivalents might also be transferred from Prxs to target proteins. Initial functional analyses indicated that the interaction with Prx can strongly impact the activity of target proteins. The results provide initial insights into the interactome of Prxs at the level of a eukaryotic whole cell proteome. Furthermore, they contribute to our understanding of redox regulatory principles and thiol-dependent redox relays of Prxs in subcellular compartments.
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36
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Lou H, Li X, Guo F, Ding M, Hu Y, Chen H, Yan J. Evaluations of Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase B cell antigen epitope as a potential epitope vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1117-1122. [PMID: 31516338 PMCID: PMC6734151 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to screen and find alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) B cell dominant epitope of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Materials and methods Bio-informatic algorithms were used to predict B cell epitopes of AhpC. The AhpC protein and chemically synthesized antigenic epitopes of C. jejuni were considered as antigens, and the AhpC antibody was used as the primary antibody, ELISA and dot blot were used to analyze and screen the dominant epitope. The specific IgG of mice serum and IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. The protective efficacy was evaluated by animal disease index and tissue histopathological staining of the jejunum. Results Seven epitopes of AhpC were predicted, one epitope (AhpC4–16) was found to recognize the antibodies of AhpC and had strong antigenicity by ELISA and dot blot analysis. In epitope AhpC4–16 immunized mice, specific IgG of serum and IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatant were significantly higher. The illness index decreased significantly, the protective rate was 66.67%. Histopathology displayed that the jejunum morphology was better than the control group. Conclusions These findings suggested that epitope AhpC4–16 showed effective protective role against C. jejuni and is a candidate epitope of vaccine against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Lou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Fangming Guo
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding authors.
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37
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Zeida A, Trujillo M, Ferrer-Sueta G, Denicola A, Estrin DA, Radi R. Catalysis of Peroxide Reduction by Fast Reacting Protein Thiols. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10829-10855. [PMID: 31498605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Life on Earth evolved in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and other peroxides also emerged before and with the rise of aerobic metabolism. They were considered only as toxic byproducts for many years. Nowadays, peroxides are also regarded as metabolic products that play essential physiological cellular roles. Organisms have developed efficient mechanisms to metabolize peroxides, mostly based on two kinds of redox chemistry, catalases/peroxidases that depend on the heme prosthetic group to afford peroxide reduction and thiol-based peroxidases that support their redox activities on specialized fast reacting cysteine/selenocysteine (Cys/Sec) residues. Among the last group, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are the most widespread and abundant families, and they are the leitmotif of this review. After presenting the properties and roles of different peroxides in biology, we discuss the chemical mechanisms of peroxide reduction by low molecular weight thiols, Prxs, GPxs, and other thiol-based peroxidases. Special attention is paid to the catalytic properties of Prxs and also to the importance and comparative outlook of the properties of Sec and its role in GPxs. To finish, we describe and discuss the current views on the activities of thiol-based peroxidases in peroxide-mediated redox signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Darío A Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , 2160 Buenos Aires , Argentina
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38
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Möller MN, Rios N, Trujillo M, Radi R, Denicola A, Alvarez B. Detection and quantification of nitric oxide-derived oxidants in biological systems. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14776-14802. [PMID: 31409645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO•) exerts biological effects through the direct and reversible interaction with specific targets (e.g. soluble guanylate cyclase) or through the generation of secondary species, many of which can oxidize, nitrosate or nitrate biomolecules. The NO•-derived reactive species are typically short-lived, and their preferential fates depend on kinetic and compartmentalization aspects. Their detection and quantification are technically challenging. In general, the strategies employed are based either on the detection of relatively stable end products or on the use of synthetic probes, and they are not always selective for a particular species. In this study, we describe the biologically relevant characteristics of the reactive species formed downstream from NO•, and we discuss the approaches currently available for the analysis of NO•, nitrogen dioxide (NO2 •), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), nitroxyl (HNO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH), as well as peroxynitrite-derived hydroxyl (HO•) and carbonate anion (CO3 •-) radicals. We also discuss the biological origins of and analytical tools for detecting nitrite (NO2 -), nitrate (NO3 -), nitrosyl-metal complexes, S-nitrosothiols, and 3-nitrotyrosine. Moreover, we highlight state-of-the-art methods, alert readers to caveats of widely used techniques, and encourage retirement of approaches that have been supplanted by more reliable and selective tools for detecting and measuring NO•-derived oxidants. We emphasize that the use of appropriate analytical methods needs to be strongly grounded in a chemical and biochemical understanding of the species and mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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39
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Calabrese G, Peker E, Amponsah PS, Hoehne MN, Riemer T, Mai M, Bienert GP, Deponte M, Morgan B, Riemer J. Hyperoxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin limits H 2 O 2 -induced cell death in yeast. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101552. [PMID: 31389622 PMCID: PMC6745495 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays important roles in cellular signaling, yet nonetheless is toxic at higher concentrations. Surprisingly, the mechanism(s) of cellular H2O2 toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal an important role for mitochondrial 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin from budding yeast, Prx1, in regulating H2O2‐induced cell death. We show that Prx1 efficiently transfers oxidative equivalents from H2O2 to the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Deletion of PRX1 abrogates glutathione oxidation and leads to a cytosolic adaptive response involving upregulation of the catalase, Ctt1. Both of these effects contribute to improved cell viability following an acute H2O2 challenge. By replacing PRX1 with natural and engineered peroxiredoxin variants, we could predictably induce widely differing matrix glutathione responses to H2O2. Therefore, we demonstrated a key role for matrix glutathione oxidation in driving H2O2‐induced cell death. Finally, we reveal that hyperoxidation of Prx1 serves as a switch‐off mechanism to limit oxidation of matrix glutathione at high H2O2 concentrations. This enables yeast cells to strike a fine balance between H2O2 removal and limitation of matrix glutathione oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esra Peker
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Prince Saforo Amponsah
- Department for Biology, Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Michaela Nicole Hoehne
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Trine Riemer
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie Mai
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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40
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Perkins A, Tudorica DA, Amieva MR, Remington SJ, Guillemin K. Helicobacter pylori senses bleach (HOCl) as a chemoattractant using a cytosolic chemoreceptor. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000395. [PMID: 31465435 PMCID: PMC6715182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori requires a noncanonical cytosolic chemoreceptor transducer-like protein D (TlpD) for efficient colonization of the mammalian stomach. Here, we reconstituted a complete chemotransduction signaling complex in vitro with TlpD and the chemotaxis (Che) proteins CheW and CheA, enabling quantitative assays for potential chemotaxis ligands. We found that TlpD is selectively sensitive at micromolar concentrations to bleach (hypochlorous acid, HOCl), a potent antimicrobial produced by neutrophil myeloperoxidase during inflammation. HOCl acts as a chemoattractant by reversibly oxidizing a conserved cysteine within a 3His/1Cys Zn-binding motif in TlpD that inactivates the chemotransduction signaling complex. We found that H. pylori is resistant to killing by millimolar concentrations of HOCl and responds to HOCl in the micromolar range by increasing its smooth-swimming behavior, leading to chemoattraction to HOCl sources. We show related protein domains from Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli possess similar reactivity toward HOCl. We propose that this family of proteins enables host-associated bacteria to sense sites of tissue inflammation, a strategy that H. pylori uses to aid in colonizing and persisting in inflamed gastric tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden Perkins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Dan A. Tudorica
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Manuel R. Amieva
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - S. James Remington
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Protective role of exogenous recombinant peroxiredoxin 6 under ischemia-reperfusion injury of kidney. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:319-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI. Catalytic and Signaling Role of Peroxiredoxins in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:79-100. [PMID: 31216969 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells experience strong oxidative stress caused by disorders in cell metabolism and action of external factors. For survival, cancer cells have developed a highly efficient system of antioxidant defense, some of the most important elements of which are peroxiredoxins (Prxs). Prxs are an evolutionarily ancient family of selenium-independent peroxidases that reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides in the cell and the extracellular space. In addition, some Prxs exhibit chaperone and phospholipase activities. Prxs play an important role in the maintenance of the cell redox homeostasis; they prevent oxidation and aggregation of regulatory proteins, thereby affecting many cell signaling pathways. Prxs are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to their versatility and wide representation in all tissues and organs, Prxs participate in the development/suppression of many pathological conditions, among which cancer occupies a special place. This review focuses on the role of Prxs in the development of various forms of cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of Prx involvement in these processes will allow to develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - V I Novoselov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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43
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Cui H. The biological role of peroxiredoxins in innate immune responses of aquatic invertebrates. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:91-97. [PMID: 30930279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a widespread and greatly transcribed family of antioxidant proteins, which rapidly detoxify peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. The Prxs family members also modulate various physiological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, embryonic development, immune response, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. In mammals, the physiological functions of Prxs have extensively been studied; however, the knowledge is scanty in their counterpart, aquatic invertebrates. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in our knowledge of Prxs physiological functions in aquatic invertebrates, which has raised interest in defining the contribution of immune responses and removal of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we describe the recent knowledge on the Prxs physiological function in immune responses and DNA protection activity in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400715, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400715, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400715, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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44
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Bunik VI. Redox-Driven Signaling: 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes as Sensors and Transmitters of Metabolic Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1911-1947. [PMID: 30187773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This article develops a holistic view on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Recent Advances: Catalytic and structural properties of the complexes and their components evolved to minimize damaging effects of side reactions, including ROS generation, simultaneously exploiting the reactions for homeostatic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Side reactions of the complexes, characterized in vitro, are analyzed in view of protein interactions and conditions in vivo. Quantitative data support prevalence of the forward 2-oxo acid oxidation over the backward NADH oxidation in feeding physiologically significant ROS production by the complexes. Special focus on interactions between the active sites within 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes highlights the central relevance of the complex-bound thiyl radicals in regulation of and signaling by complex-generated ROS. The thiyl radicals arise when dihydrolipoyl residues of the complexes regenerate FADH2 from the flavin semiquinone coproduced with superoxide anion radical in 1e- oxidation of FADH2 by molecular oxygen. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interaction of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with thioredoxins (TRXs), peroxiredoxins, and glutaredoxins mediates scavenging of the thiyl radicals and ROS generated by the complexes, underlying signaling of disproportional availability of 2-oxo acids, CoA, and NAD+ in key metabolic branch points through thiol/disulfide exchange and medically important hypoxia-inducible factor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and sirtuins. High reactivity of the coproduced ROS and thiyl radicals to iron/sulfur clusters and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite reductase activity of peroxiredoxins and transnitrosylating function of thioredoxin, implicate the side reactions of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in nitric oxide-dependent signaling and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- 1 Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,2 Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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45
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Non-Mammalian Prdx6 Enzymes (Proteins with 1-Cys Prdx Mechanism) Display PLA₂ Activity Similar to the Human Orthologue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030052. [PMID: 30832204 PMCID: PMC6466579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian peroxiredoxin class 6 (Prdx6) are bifunctional enzymes. Non-mammalian Prdx6 enzymes display Cys-based peroxidase activity, but to date their putative phospholipase A2 (PLA2 activities) has not been experimentally investigated. Initially, we observed that five non-mammalian Prdx6 enzymes (enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPER1), Triticum aestivum (TaPER1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaLsfA) and Aspergillus fumigatus (AfPrx1 and AfPrxC)) present features compatible with PLA2 activities in mammalian Prdx6 by amino acid sequences alignment and tertiary structure modeling. Employing unilamellar liposomes with tracer amounts of [3H]-1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and thin layer chromatography, all the tested non-mammalian Prdx6 enzymes displayed PLA2 activities, with values ranging from 3.4 to 6.1 nmol/min/mg protein. It was previously shown that Thr177 phosphorylation of human Prdx6 increases its PLA2 activity, especially at neutral pH. Therefore, we investigated if human Erk2 kinase could also phosphorylate homologous Thr residues in non-mammalian Prdx6 proteins. We observed phosphorylation of the conserved Thr in three out of the five non-mammalian Prdx enzymes by mass spectrometry. In the case of the mitochondrial Prdx6 from A. fumigatus (AfPrxC), we also observed phosphorylation by western blot, and as a consequence, the PLA2 activity was increased in acidic and neutral conditions by the human Erk2 kinase treatment. The possible physiological meanings of these PLA2 activities described open new fields for future research.
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Bolduc JA, Collins JA, Loeser RF. Reactive oxygen species, aging and articular cartilage homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:73-82. [PMID: 30176344 PMCID: PMC6342625 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of the articular cartilage. A loss of homeostasis in cartilage contributes to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) when the synthetic capacity of chondrocytes is overwhelmed by processes that promote matrix degradation. There is evidence for an age-related imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production relative to the anti-oxidant capacity of chondrocytes that plays a role in cartilage degradation as well as chondrocyte cell death. The ROS produced by chondrocytes that have received the most attention include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, the reactive nitrogen species nitric oxide, and the nitric oxide derived product peroxynitrite. Excess levels of these ROS not only cause oxidative-damage but, perhaps more importantly, cause a disruption in cell signaling pathways that are redox-regulated, including Akt and MAP kinase signaling. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced activity of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) are associated with an increase in mitochondrial-derived ROS and are in part responsible for the increase in chondrocyte ROS with age. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a key family of peroxidases responsible for removal of H2O2, as well as for regulating redox-signaling events. Prxs are inactivated by hyperoxidation. An age-related increase in chondrocyte Prx hyperoxidation and an increase in OA cartilage has been noted. The finding in mice that deletion of SOD2 or the anti-oxidant gene transcriptional regulator nuclear factor-erythroid 2- related factor (Nrf2) result in more severe OA, while overexpression or treatment with mitochondrial targeted anti-oxidants reduces OA, further support a role for excessive ROS in the pathogenesis of OA. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies targeting specific anti-oxidant systems including mitochondrial ROS may be of value in reducing the progression of age-related OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesalyn A Bolduc
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A Collins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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47
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Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI, Gudkov SV. Radioprotective Role of Peroxiredoxin 6. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E15. [PMID: 30621289 PMCID: PMC6356814 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a member of an evolutionary ancient family of peroxidase enzymes with diverse functions in the cell. Prdx6 is an important enzymatic antioxidant. It reduces a wide range of peroxide substrates in the cell, thus playing a leading role in the maintenance of the redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Beside peroxidase activity, Prdx6 has been shown to possess an activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme playing an important role in membrane phospholipid metabolism. Moreover, Prdx6 takes part in intercellular and intracellular signal transduction due to its peroxidase and phospholipase activity, thus facilitating the initiation of regenerative processes in the cell, suppression of apoptosis, and activation of cell proliferation. Being an effective and important antioxidant enzyme, Prdx6 plays an essential role in neutralizing oxidative stress caused by various factors, including action of ionizing radiation. Endogenous Prdx6 has been shown to possess a significant radioprotective potential in cellular and animal models. Moreover, intravenous infusion of recombinant Prdx6 to animals before irradiation at lethal or sublethal doses has shown its high radioprotective effect. Exogenous Prdx6 effectively alleviates the severeness of radiation lesions, providing normalization of the functional state of radiosensitive organs and tissues, and leads to a significant elevation of the survival rate of animals. Prdx6 can be considered as a potent and promising radioprotective agent for reducing the pathological effect of ionizing radiation on mammalian organisms. The radioprotective properties and mechanisms of radioprotective action of Prdx6 are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars G Sharapov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Reception, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Vladimir I Novoselov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Reception, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Wave Research Center, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Experimental Clinical Studies, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), 129110 Moscow, Russia.
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 603950 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia.
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Niu L, Liu A, Xu W, Yang L, Zhu W, Gu Y. Downregulation of peroxiredoxin II suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4551-4560. [PMID: 30214590 PMCID: PMC6126214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II is an imperative member of the superfamily of peroxidases. It serves an essential role in scavenging organic hydroperoxide and H2O2. It is involved in the development of various malignant tumors. In order to investigate the significance of Prx II expressions level in gastric cancer (GC), downregulation of Prx II was performed to investigate its role in the proliferation and migration of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. In GC cells and 45 GC specimens, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Prx II were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The Prx II expression profile in another 116 GC specimens was also detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The changes in the proliferation and migration of MKN45 and MGC-803 cells folllowing transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) were detected by cell counting kit (CCK)-8, western blot analysis, and Transwell migration and invasion assays. The results revealed that the expression of Prx II in GC tissues and GC cells were significantly upregulated compared with the normal control. There was a significant association between the expression level of Prx II and various factors, including tumor size, histological differentiation, the depth of invasion, the stage of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) and lymph node metastasis in GC (P<0.05). Survival in patients with higher Prx II expression was significantly decreased compared with those with lower Prx II expression (P<0.01). Prx II, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were identified as independent prognosis factors of GC (P<0.05). Knockdown of Prx II significantly suppressed the proliferation and the migration of GC cells. These experiments revealed that Prx II promotes the development of GC, affecting the survival of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Niu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Ang Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wugang Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Molecular mechanism of the Escherichia coli AhpC in the function of a chaperone under heat-shock conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14151. [PMID: 30237544 PMCID: PMC6147784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous antioxidants utilizing a reactive cysteine for peroxide reduction and acting as a molecular chaperone under various stress conditions. Besides other stimulating factors, oxidative- and heat stress conditions trigger their ATP-independent chaperoning function. So far, many studies were intended to reveal the chaperoning mechanisms of the so-called sensitive Prxs of eukaryotes, which are susceptible to inactivation by over-oxidation of its reactive cysteine during H2O2 reduction. In contrast, the chaperone mechanisms of bacterial Prxs, which are mostly robust against inactivation by over-oxidation, are not well understood. Herein, comprehensive biochemical and biophysical studies demonstrate that the Escherichia coli alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (EcAhpC) acquires chaperone activity under heat stress. Interestingly, their chaperoning activity is independent of its redox-states but is regulated in a temperature-dependent manner. Data are presented, showing that oxidized EcAhpC, which forms dimers at 25 °C, self-assembled into high molecular weight (HMW) oligomers at higher temperatures and supressed aggregation of client proteins at heat-shock conditions. In addition, we unravelled the essential role of the C-terminal tail of EcAhpC on heat-induced HMW oligomer formation and chaperoning activity. Our findings suggest a novel molecular mechanism for bacterial Prxs to function as chaperone at heat-shock conditions.
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Oliva R, Jansen B, Benscheidt F, Sandbichler AM, Egg M. Nuclear magnetic resonance affects the circadian clock and hypoxia-inducible factor isoforms in zebrafish. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1498194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Oliva
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianca Jansen
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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