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Chen C, Tang F, Zhu M, Wang C, Zhou H, Zhang C, Feng Y. Role of inflammatory mediators in intracranial aneurysms: A review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 242:108329. [PMID: 38781806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The formation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) involve hemodynamics, blood pressure, external stimuli, and a series of hormonal changes. In addition, inflammatory response causes the release of a series of inflammatory mediators, such as IL, TNF-α, MCP-1, and MMPs, which directly or indirectly promote the development process of IA. However, the specific role of these inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiological process of IA remains unclear. Recently, several anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, hormone-regulating drugs have been found to have a potentially protective effect on reducing IA formation and rupture in the population. These therapeutic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, but we can look for potential therapeutic targets that may interfere with the formation and breakdown of IA by studying the relevant inflammatory response and the mechanism of IA formation and rupture involved in inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China
| | - Fengjiao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China
| | - Chonghui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China
| | - Yugong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, China.
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2
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Lee KH, Song MY, Lee S, Park J, Kang JH, Cho H, Kim KB, Son SJ, Cheng XW, Lee YJ, Lee GJ, Shin JH, Kim W. Nitric oxide releasing nanofiber stimulates revascularization in response to ischemia via cGMP-dependent protein kinase. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303758. [PMID: 38768136 PMCID: PMC11104631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) promotes angiogenesis via various mechanisms; however, the effective transmission of NO in ischemic diseases is unclear. Herein, we tested whether NO-releasing nanofibers modulate therapeutic angiogenesis in an animal hindlimb ischemia model. Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice with surgically-induced hindlimb ischemia were treated with NO-releasing 3-methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (MAP3)-derived or control (i.e., non-NO-releasing) nanofibers, by applying them to the wound for 20 min, three times every two days. The amount of NO from the nanofiber into tissues was assessed by NO fluorometric assay. The activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) was determined by western blot analysis. Perfusion ratios were measured 2, 4, and 14 days after inducing ischemia using laser doppler imaging. On day 4, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with F4/80 and gelatin zymography were performed. IHC with CD31 was performed on day 14. To determine the angiogenic potential of NO-releasing nanofibers, aorta-ring explants were treated with MAP3 or control fiber for 20 min, and the sprout lengths were examined after 6 days. As per either LDPI (Laser doppler perfusion image) ratio or CD31 capillary density measurement, angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb was improved in the MAP3 nanofiber group; further, the total nitrate/nitrite concentration in the adduct muscle increased. The number of macrophage infiltrations and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity decreased. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), one of the major substrates for PKG, increased phosphorylation in the MAP3 group. MAP3 nanofiber or NO donor SNAP (s-nitroso-n-acetyl penicillamine)-treated aortic explants showed enhanced sprouting in an ex vivo aortic ring assay, which was partially abrogated by KT5823, a potent inhibitor of PKG. These findings suggest that the novel NO-releasing nanofiber, MAP3 activates PKG and promotes therapeutic angiogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Cha University, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Min-Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - JinSun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haneul Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Ji Son
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Diseas, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Retegan M, Jafri SF, Curti L, Lisnard L, Otero E, Rivière E, Haverkort MW, Bleuzen A, Sainctavit P, Arrio MA. Orbital Magnetic Moment and Single-Ion Magnetic Anisotropy of the S = 1/2 K 3[Fe(CN) 6] Compound: A Case Where the Orbital Magnetic Moment Dominates the Spin Magnetic Moment. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18864-18877. [PMID: 37942765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), K3[FeIII(CN)6], is known for its exceptional magnetic anisotropy among the 3d transition metal series. The Fe(III) ions are in the S = 1/2 low spin state imposed by the strong crystal field of the cyanido ligands. A large orbital magnetic moment is expected from previous publications. In the present work, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism was recorded for a powder sample, allowing direct measurement of the Fe(III) orbital magnetic moment. A combination of molecular multiconfigurational ab initio and atomic ligand field multiplets calculations provides the spin and orbital magnetic moments for the [FeIII(CN)6]3- isolated cluster, the crystallographic unit cell, and the powder sample. The calculations of the angular dependencies of the spin and orbital magnetic moments with the external magnetic induction direction reveal easy magnetization axes for each S = 1/2 molecular entity and the crystal. It also shows that the orbital magnetic moment dominates the spin magnetic moment for all directions. Our measurements confirm that the orbital magnetic moment contributes to 60% of the total magnetization for the powder, which is in excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions. An orbital magnetic moment greater than the spin magnetic moment is exceptional for 3d transition metal ions. The impact of crystal field strength and distortion, π back-bonding, spin-orbit coupling, and external magnetic induction was analyzed, leading to a deeper understanding of the spin and orbital magnetic anisotropies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Retegan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sadaf Fatima Jafri
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR7590, CNRS/SU/IRD/MNHN, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Leonardo Curti
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, FR2769, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Lisnard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, FR2769, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Eric Rivière
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Maurits W Haverkort
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Bleuzen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR7590, CNRS/SU/IRD/MNHN, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR7590, CNRS/SU/IRD/MNHN, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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4
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Kumar L, Bisen M, Khan A, Kumar P, Patel SKS. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102477. [PMID: 36289739 PMCID: PMC9598837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, injury, stiffness, and bone loss. The prevalence of these conditions is frequent among elderly populations with significant mobility and mortality rates. This may lead to extreme discomfort and detrimental effect on the patient’s health and socioeconomic situation. Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and soft tissue are vital for body function and movement. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulatory proteases involved in synthesizing, degrading, and remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) components. By modulating ECM reconstruction, cellular migration, and differentiation, MMPs preserve myofiber integrity and homeostasis. In this review, the role of MMPs in skeletal muscle function, muscle injury and repair, skeletal muscle inflammation, and muscular dystrophy and future approaches for MMP-based therapies in musculoskeletal disorders are discussed at the cellular and molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.); Tel.: +91-017-9235-0000 (L.K.)
| | - Monish Bisen
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Azhar Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.); Tel.: +91-017-9235-0000 (L.K.)
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Almeida VS, Miller LL, Delia JPG, Magalhães AV, Caruso IP, Iqbal A, Almeida FCL. Deciphering the Path of S-nitrosation of Human Thioredoxin: Evidence of an Internal NO Transfer and Implication for the Cellular Responses to NO. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071236. [PMID: 35883729 PMCID: PMC9311519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical with a signaling capacity. Its cellular functions are achieved mainly through S-nitrosation where thioredoxin (hTrx) is pivotal in the S-transnitrosation to specific cellular targets. In this study, we use NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to follow the mechanism of S-(trans)nitrosation of hTrx. We describe a site-specific path for S-nitrosation by measuring the reactivity of each of the 5 cysteines of hTrx using cysteine mutants. We showed the interdependence of the three cysteines in the nitrosative site. C73 is the most reactive and is responsible for all S-transnitrosation to other cellular targets. We observed NO internal transfers leading to C62 S-nitrosation, which serves as a storage site for NO. C69-SNO only forms under nitrosative stress, leading to hTrx nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor S. Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Lara L. Miller
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
| | - João P. G. Delia
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Augusto V. Magalhães
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Icaro P. Caruso
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation (CMIB), Department of Physics, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
| | - Fabio C. L. Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (V.S.A.); (L.L.M.); (J.P.G.D.); (A.V.M.); (I.P.C.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Peng H, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Tian X, Zhang L, Du J, Huang Y, Jin H. Nitric oxide inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting cysteine-dependent SOD1 monomerization. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:538-548. [PMID: 34986524 PMCID: PMC8804620 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell apoptosis is an important pathophysiology in many cardiovascular diseases. The gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) is known to regulate cell survival and apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of NO remains unclear. In this research, by targeting cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) monomerization, we aimed to explore how NO inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis. We showed that treatment with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor nomega‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L‐NAME) significantly decreased the endogenous NO content of endothelial cells, facilitated the formation of SOD1 monomers, inhibited dismutase activity, and promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); by contrast, supplementation with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) upregulated NO content, prevented the formation of SOD1 monomers, enhanced dismutase activity, and reduced ROS accumulation in L‐NAME‐treated HUVECs. Mechanistically, tris(2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), a specific reducer of cysteine thiol, increased SOD1 monomer formation, thus preventing the NO‐induced increase in dismutase activity and the decrease in ROS. Furthermore, SNP inhibited HUVEC apoptosis caused by the decrease in endogenous NO, whereas TCEP abolished this protective effect of SNP. In summary, our data reveal that NO protects endothelial cells against apoptosis by inhibiting cysteine‐dependent SOD1 monomerization to enhance SOD1 activity and inhibit oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shangyue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hosseininasab V, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Thionitrite and Perthionitrite in NO Signaling at Zinc. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21184-21188. [PMID: 34180116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NO and H2 S serve as signaling molecules in biology with intertwined reactivity. HSNO and HSSNO with their conjugate bases - SNO and - SSNO form in the reaction of H2 S with NO as well as S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and nitrite (NO2 - ) that serve as NO reservoirs. While HSNO and HSSNO are elusive, their conjugate bases form isolable zinc complexes Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) and Ph,Me TpZn(SSNO) supported by tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Reaction of Na(15-C-5)SSNO with Ph,Me TpZn(ClO4 ) provides Ph,Me TpZn(SSNO) that undergoes S-atom removal by PEt3 to give Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) and S=PEt3 . Unexpectedly stable at room temperature, these Zn-SNO and Zn-SSNO complexes release NO upon heating. Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) and Ph,Me TpZn(SSNO) quickly react with acidic thiols such as C6 F5 SH to form N2 O and NO, respectively. Increasing the thiol basicity in p-substituted aromatic thiols 4-X ArSH in the reaction with Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) turns on competing S-nitrosation to form Ph,Me TpZn-SH and RSNO, the latter a known precursor for NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
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8
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Hosseininasab V, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Thionitrite and Perthionitrite in NO Signaling at Zinc. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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9
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Fu X, Yang C, Chen B, Zeng K, Chen S, Fu Y. Qi-Long-Tian formula extract alleviates symptoms of acute high-altitude diseases via suppressing the inflammation responses in rat. Respir Res 2021; 22:52. [PMID: 33579290 PMCID: PMC7881569 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese Yunnan Province, located in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, is a famous tourist paradise where acute high-altitude illness common occurs among lowland people visitors due to non-acclimatization to the acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH) conditions. Traditional Chinese medicine, such as Qi-Long-Tian (QLT) formula, has shown effectiveness and safety in the treatment of acute high-altitude diseases. The aim of this study was to clarify the therapeutic mechanisms of this traditional formula using a rat model in a simulated plateau environment. Methods Following testing, lung tissue samples were evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining and for biochemical characteristics. mRNA-Seq was used to compare differentially expressed genes in control rats, and in rats exposed to AHH and AHH with QLT treatment. Results Inflammation-related effectors induced following QLT treatment for AHH included MMP9 and TIMP1, and involved several phosphorylation signaling pathways implicated in AHH pathogenesis such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling. Conclusion This study provides insights into the major signaling pathways induced by AHH and in the protective mechanisms involved in QLT formula activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Division of Lung Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Function Teaching and Research Section, School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, Yunnan, China
| | - Kexing Zeng
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Fu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2628 Xiangyuan Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Lokhande AS, Devarajan PV. A review on possible mechanistic insights of Nitazoxanide for repurposing in COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173748. [PMID: 33227285 PMCID: PMC7678434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought the world to a grinding halt. A major cause of concern is the respiratory distress associated mortality attributed to the cytokine storm. Despite myriad rapidly approved clinical trials with repurposed drugs, and time needed to develop a vaccine, accelerated search for repurposed therapeutics is still ongoing. In this review, we present Nitazoxanide a US-FDA approved antiprotozoal drug, as one such promising candidate. Nitazoxanide which is reported to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various viral infections, revealed good in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture assays, suggesting potential for repurposing in COVID-19. Furthermore, nitazoxanide displays the potential to boost host innate immune responses and thereby tackle the life-threatening cytokine storm. Possibilities of improving lung, as well as multiple organ damage and providing value addition to COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, are other important facets of the drug. The review juxtaposes the role of nitazoxanide in fighting COVID-19 pathogenesis at multiple levels highlighting the great promise the drug exhibits. The in silico data and in vitro efficacy in cell lines confirms the promise of nitazoxanide. Several approved clinical trials world over further substantiate leveraging nitazoxanide for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Lokhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Zhang X, Ares WJ, Taussky P, Ducruet AF, Grandhi R. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 47:E4. [PMID: 31261127 DOI: 10.3171/2019.4.focus19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are a result of complex interactions between biochemical and mechanical forces and can lead to significant morbidity if they rupture and cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. This review explores the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the pathogenesis and progression of IAs. In addition to providing a review of the normal function of MMPs, it is intended to explore the interaction between inflammation and abnormal blood flow and the resultant pathological vascular remodeling processes seen in the development and rupture of IAs. Also reviewed is the potential for the use of MMPs as a diagnostic tool for assessment of aneurysm development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zhang
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William J Ares
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Philipp Taussky
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
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Hariono M, Nuwarda RF, Yusuf M, Rollando R, Jenie RI, Al-Najjar B, Julianus J, Putra KC, Nugroho ES, Wisnumurti YK, Dewa SP, Jati BW, Tiara R, Ramadani RD, Qodria L, Wahab HA. Arylamide as Potential Selective Inhibitor for Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9): Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:349-359. [PMID: 31825614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that compounds bearing an arylamide linked to a heterocyclic planar ring have successfully inhibited the hemopexin-like domain (PEX9) of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). PEX9 has been suggested to be more selectively targeted than MMP9's catalytic domain in a degrading extracellular matrix under some pathologic conditions, especially in cancer. In this study, we aim to synthesize and evaluate 10 arylamide compounds as MMP9 inhibitors through an enzymatic assay as well as a cellular assay. The mechanism of inhibition for the most active compounds was investigated via molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock4.0 with PEX9 as the protein model to predict the binding of the designed compounds. The synthesis was carried out by reacting aniline derivatives with 3-bromopropanoyl chloride using pyridine as the catalyst at room temperature. The MMP9 assay was conducted using the FRET-based MMP9 kits protocol and gelatin zymography assay. The cytotoxicity assay was done using the MTT method, and the MD simulation was performed using AMBER16. Assay on MMP9 demonstrated activities of three compounds (2, 7, and 9) with more than 50% inhibition. Further inhibition on MMP9 expressed by 4T1 showed that two compounds (7 and 9) inhibited its gelatinolytic activity more than 50%. The cytotoxicity assay against 4T1 cells results in the inhibition of the cell growth with an EC50 of 125 μM and 132 μM for 7 and 9, respectively. The MD simulation explained a stable interaction of 7 and 9 in PEX9 at 100 ns with a free energy of binding of -8.03 kcal/mol and -6.41 kcal/mol, respectively. Arylamides have potential effects as selective MMP9 inhibitors in inhibiting breast cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maywan Hariono
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Rina F Nuwarda
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Padjadjaran University , Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 , West Java , Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Padjadjaran University , Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 , West Java , Indonesia
| | - Rollando Rollando
- Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Science and Technology , Ma Chung University , Malang 65151 , Indonesia
| | - Riris I Jenie
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gadjah Mada University , Sekip Utara 55281 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Belal Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , AlAhliyya Amman University , Amman 19328 , Jordan
| | - Jeffry Julianus
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Kevin C Putra
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Ervan S Nugroho
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Yohanes K Wisnumurti
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Sangga P Dewa
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Benedictus W Jati
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Reynaldo Tiara
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Ratna D Ramadani
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gadjah Mada University , Sekip Utara 55281 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Lailatul Qodria
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gadjah Mada University , Sekip Utara 55281 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and USM-RIKEN Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Minden , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
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13
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Boguszewska-Czubara A, Budzynska B, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Kurzepa J. Perspectives and New Aspects of Metalloproteinases' Inhibitors in the Therapy of CNS Disorders: From Chemistry to Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3208-3224. [PMID: 29756562 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180514111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and, at the same time, influence cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and survival. Their importance in a variety of human diseases including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary emphysema and fibrotic disorders has been known for many years but special attention should be paid on the role of MMPs in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Till now, there are not many well documented physiological MMP target proteins in the brain but only some pathological ones. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are a consequence of or result in disturbed remodeling of brain ECM, therefore proper action of MMPs as well as control of their activity may play crucial roles in the development of these diseases. In the present review, we discuss the role of metalloproteinase inhibitors, from the wellknown natural endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) to the exogenous synthetic ones like (4-phenoxyphenylsulfonyl)methylthiirane (SB-3CT), tetracyclines, batimastat (BB-94) and FN-439. As the MMP-TIMP system has been well described in physiological development as well as in pathological conditions mainly in neoplastic diseases, the knowledge about the enzymatic system in mammalian brain tissue still remains poorly understood in this context. Therefore, we focus on MMPs inhibition in the context of the physiological function of the adult brain as well as pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Budzynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Mury P, Chirico EN, Mura M, Millon A, Canet-Soulas E, Pialoux V. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Key Targets of Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability: Potential Impact of Physical Activity. Sports Med 2019; 48:2725-2741. [PMID: 30302720 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a complex cardiovascular disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are both involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque as they increase the biological processes associated with this pathology, such as endothelial dysfunction and macrophage recruitment and adhesion. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to major ischemic events is the result of vulnerable plaque progression, which is a result of the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and inflammation on risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque rupture, such as intraplaque hemorrhage, neovascularization, and fibrous cap thickness. Thus, both are key targets for primary and secondary interventions. It is well recognized that chronic physical activity attenuates oxidative stress in healthy subjects via the improvement of antioxidant enzyme capacities and inflammation via the enhancement of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, it was recently shown that chronic physical activity could decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerotic patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis and the results of therapeutic interventions targeting them in both preclinical and clinical studies. The effects of chronic physical activity on these two key processes are then reviewed in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in both coronary and carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mury
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Mathilde Mura
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Millon
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France. .,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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15
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S-Nitrosylation: An Emerging Paradigm of Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090404. [PMID: 31533268 PMCID: PMC6769533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule, generated through metabolism of L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Abnormal NO levels in mammalian cells are associated with multiple human diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that the NO signaling is compartmentalized, owing to the localization of NOS and the nature of biochemical reactions of NO, including S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation is a selective covalent post-translational modification adding a nitrosyl group to the reactive thiol group of a cysteine to form S-nitrosothiol (SNO), which is a key mechanism in transferring NO-mediated signals. While S-nitrosylation occurs only at select cysteine thiols, such a spatial constraint is partially resolved by transnitrosylation, where the nitrosyl moiety is transferred between two interacting proteins to successively transfer the NO signal to a distant location. As NOS is present in various subcellular locales, a stress could trigger concerted S-nitrosylation and transnitrosylation of a large number of proteins involved in divergent signaling cascades. S-nitrosylation is an emerging paradigm of redox signaling by which cells confer protection against oxidative stress.
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16
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Schmidt RA, Morrell CN, Ling FS, Simlote P, Fernandez G, Rich DQ, Adler D, Gervase J, Cameron SJ. The platelet phenotype in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is different from non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Transl Res 2018; 195:1-12. [PMID: 29274308 PMCID: PMC5898983 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is assumed that platelets in diseased conditions share similar properties to platelets in healthy conditions, although this has never been examined in detail for myocardial infarction (MI). We examined platelets from patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) compared with platelets from healthy volunteers to evaluate for differences in platelet phenotype and function. Platelet activation was examined and postreceptor signal transduction pathways were assessed. Platelet-derived plasma biomarkers were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Maximum platelet activation through the thromboxane receptor was greater in STEMI than in NSTEMI but less through protease-activated receptor 1. Extracellular-signal related-kinase 5 activation, which can activate platelets, was increased in platelets from subjects with STEMI and especially in platelets from patients with NSTEMI. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) protein content and enzymatic activity were several-fold greater in platelets with MI than in control. Mean plasma MMP9 concentration in patients with MI distinguished between STEMI and NSTEMI (area under curve [AUC] 75% [confidence interval (CI) 60-91], P = 0.006) which was superior to troponin T (AUC 66% [CI 48-85, P = 0.08), predicting STEMI with 80% sensitivity (95% CI 56-94), 90% specificity (CI 68-99), 70% AUC (CI 54-86, P < 0.0001), and NSTEMI with 50% sensitivity (CI 27-70), 90% specificity (CI 68-99), 70% AUC (CI 54-86, P = 0.03). Platelets from patients with STEMI and NSTEMI show differences in platelet surface receptor activation and postreceptor signal transduction, suggesting the healthy platelet phenotype in which antiplatelet agents are often evaluated in preclinical studies is different from platelets in patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schmidt
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Frederick S Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Preya Simlote
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Genaro Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - David Q Rich
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - David Adler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Joe Gervase
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York; Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.
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17
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Role of sulfiredoxin as a peroxiredoxin-2 denitrosylase in human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7564-E7571. [PMID: 27821734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608784113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have pointed to protein S-nitrosylation as a critical regulator of cellular redox homeostasis. For example, S-nitrosylation of peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2), a peroxidase widely expressed in mammalian neurons, inhibits both enzymatic activity and protective function against oxidative stress. Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we identify a role and reaction mechanism of the reductase sulfiredoxin (Srxn1) as an enzyme that denitrosylates (thus removing -SNO) from Prx2 in an ATP-dependent manner. Accordingly, by decreasing S-nitrosylated Prx2 (SNO-Prx2), overexpression of Srxn1 protects dopaminergic neural cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons from NO-induced hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. The pathophysiological relevance of this observation is suggested by our finding that SNO-Prx2 is dramatically increased in murine and human Parkinson's disease (PD) brains. Our findings therefore suggest that Srxn1 may represent a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders such as PD that involve nitrosative/oxidative stress.
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18
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Perrone S, Santacroce A, Picardi A, Buonocore G. Fetal programming and early identification of newborns at high risk of free radical-mediated diseases. World J Clin Pediatr 2016; 5:172-181. [PMID: 27170927 PMCID: PMC4857230 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays metabolic syndrome represents a real outbreak affecting society. Paradoxically, pediatricians must feel involved in fighting this condition because of the latest evidences of developmental origins of adult diseases. Fetal programming occurs when the normal fetal development is disrupted by an abnormal insult applied to a critical point in intrauterine life. Placenta assumes a pivotal role in programming the fetal experience in utero due to the adaptive changes in structure and function. Pregnancy complications such as diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, and hypoxia are associated with placental dysfunction and programming. Many experimental studies have been conducted to explain the phenotypic consequences of fetal-placental perturbations that predispose to the genesis of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In recent years, elucidating the mechanisms involved in such kind of process has become the challenge of scientific research. Oxidative stress may be the general underlying mechanism that links altered placental function to fetal programming. Maternal diabetes, prenatal hypoxic/ischaemic events, inflammatory/infective insults are specific triggers for an acute increase in free radicals generation. Early identification of fetuses and newborns at high risk of oxidative damage may be crucial to decrease infant and adult morbidity.
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19
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Turner RJ, Sharp FR. Implications of MMP9 for Blood Brain Barrier Disruption and Hemorrhagic Transformation Following Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:56. [PMID: 26973468 PMCID: PMC4777722 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented increases in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9 levels following stroke, with such perturbations associated with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), increased risk of hemorrhagic complications, and worsened outcome. Despite this, controversy remains as to which cells release MMP-9 at the normal and pathological BBB, with even less clarity in the context of stroke. This may be further complicated by the influence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment. The aim of the present review is to examine the relationship between neutrophils, MMP-9 and tPA following ischemic stroke to elucidate which cells are responsible for the increases in MMP-9 and resultant barrier changes and hemorrhage observed following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Centre for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center Sacramento, CA, USA
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20
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Desforges M, Harris LK, Aplin JD. Elastin-derived peptides stimulate trophoblast migration and invasion: a positive feedback loop to enhance spiral artery remodelling. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 21:95-104. [PMID: 25245255 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin breakdown in the walls of uterine spiral arteries during early pregnancy facilitates their transformation into dilated, high-flow, low-resistance channels. Elastin-derived peptides (EDP) can influence cell migration, invasion and protease activity, and so we hypothesized that EDP released during elastolysis promote extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion and further elastin breakdown. Treatment of the trophoblast cell line SGHPL4 with the elastin-derived matrikine VGVAPG (1 μg/ml) significantly increased total elastase activity, promoted migration in a wound healing assay and increased invasion through Matrigel-coated transwells compared with vehicle control (0.1% DMSO) or the scrambled sequence VVGPGA. Furthermore, treatment of first-trimester placental villous explants with this EDP significantly increased both the area of trophoblast outgrowth and distance of migration away from the villous tips. Primary first-trimester cytotrophoblast exposed to VGVAPG (1 μg/ml) for 30 min showed increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, events also associated with tumour cell migration and invasion. These in vitro observations suggest liberation of bioactive EDP during induction of elastolysis in the uterine spiral arteries may orchestrate a positive feedback loop that promotes EVT invasion and further elastin breakdown, contributing to the process of vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Desforges
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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21
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New Evidence Implicating 4-Hydroxynonenal in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis In Vivo. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2461-71. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Kim YS, Joh TH. Matrix metalloproteinases, new insights into the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:133-43. [PMID: 24116286 PMCID: PMC3792209 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a subfamily of zinc-dependent proteases that are responsible for degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs is tightly regulated at several levels including cleavage of prodomain, allosteric activation, compartmentalization and complex formation with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In the central nervous system (CNS), MMPs play a wide variety of roles ranging from brain development, synaptic plasticity and repair after injury to the pathogenesis of various brain disorders. Following general discussion on the domain structure and the regulation of activity of MMPs, we emphasize their implication in various brain disorder conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion and Parkinson’s disease. We further highlight accumulating evidence that MMPs might be the culprit in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among them, MMP-3 appears to be involved in a range of pathogenesis processes in PD including neuroinflammation, apoptosis and degradation of α-synuclein and DJ-1. MMP inhibitors could represent potential novel therapeutic strategies for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Seong Kim
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827
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23
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O'Sullivan S, Medina C, Ledwidge M, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF. Nitric oxide-matrix metaloproteinase-9 interactions: biological and pharmacological significance--NO and MMP-9 interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:603-17. [PMID: 24333402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels are found to increase in inflammation states and in cancer, and their levels may be reciprocally modulated. Understanding interactions between NO and MMP-9 is of biological and pharmacological relevance and may prove crucial in designing new therapeutics. The reciprocal interaction between NO and MMP-9 have been studied for nearly twenty years but to our knowledge, are yet to be the subject of a review. This review provides a summary of published data regarding the complex and sometimes contradictory effects of NO on MMP-9. We also analyse molecular mechanisms modulating and mediating NO-MMP-9 interactions. Finally, a potential therapeutic relevance of these interactions is presented.
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24
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The clearance of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases by zinc metalloproteases: An inorganic perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Activation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 by reactive oxygen–nitrogen species: Consequences and therapeutic strategies in the heart. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 540:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Yang S, Chen Y, Deng X, Jiang W, Li B, Fu Z, Du M, Ding R. Hemoglobin-induced nitric oxide synthase overexpression and nitric oxide production contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption in the rat. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:352-63. [PMID: 23494638 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) released from extravasated erythrocytes may have a critical role in the process of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and subsequent edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been well documented to contribute to BBB disruption. However, considerably less attention has been focused on the role of NO in Hb-induced BBB disruption. This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that Hb-induced NOS overexpression and excessive NO production may contribute to the changes of tight junction (TJ) proteins and subsequent BBB dysfunction. Hemoglobin was infused with stereotactic guidance into the right caudate nucleus of male Sprague Dawley rats. Then, we investigated the effect of Hb on the BBB permeability, changes of TJ proteins (claudin-5, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1)), iron deposition, expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), as well as NO production. Hb injection caused a significant increase in BBB permeability. Significant reduction of claudin-5, ZO-1, and JAM-1 was observed after Hb injection as evidenced by PCR and immunofluorescence. After a decrease at early stage, occludin showed a fivefold increase in mRNA level at 7 days. Significant iron deposition was detectable from 48 h to 7 days in a time-dependent manner. The iNOS and eNOS levels dramatically increased after Hb injection concomitantly with large quantities of NO released. Furthermore, enhanced iNOS or eNOS immunoreactivity was co-localized with diffused or diminished claudin-5 staining. We concluded that overexpressed NOS and excessive NO production induced by Hb may contribute to BBB disruption, which may provide an important potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
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27
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Sham D, Wesley UV, Hristova M, van der Vliet A. ATP-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in airway epithelial cells involves DUOX1-dependent oxidation of Src and ADAM17. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54391. [PMID: 23349873 PMCID: PMC3548788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is subject to continuous environmental stress and its responses to injury or infection are largely mediated by transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling cascades. Based on previous studies indicating involvement of ATP-dependent activation of the NADPH oxidase homolog DUOX1 in epithelial wound responses, the present studies were performed to elucidate the mechanisms by which DUOX1-derived H2O2 participates in ATP-dependent redox signaling and EGFR transactivation. ATP-mediated EGFR transactivation in airway epithelial cells was found to involve purinergic P2Y2 receptor stimulation, and both ligand-dependent mechanisms as well as ligand-independent EGFR activation by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src. Activation of Src was also essential for ATP-dependent activation of the sheddase ADAM17, which is responsible for liberation and activation of EGFR ligands. Activation of P2Y2R results in recruitment of Src and DUOX1 into a signaling complex, and transient siRNA silencing or stable shRNA transfection established a critical role for DUOX1 in ATP-dependent activation of Src, ADAM17, EGFR, and downstream wound responses. Using thiol-specific biotin labeling strategies, we determined that ATP-dependent EGFR transactivation was associated with DUOX1-dependent oxidation of cysteine residues within Src as well as ADAM17. In aggregate, our findings demonstrate that DUOX1 plays a central role in overall epithelial defense responses to infection or injury, by mediating oxidative activation of Src and ADAM17 in response to ATP-dependent P2Y2R activation as a proximal step in EGFR transactivation and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Sham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Umadevi V. Wesley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Androgen deprivation by flutamide modulates uPAR, MMP-9 expressions, lipid profile, and oxidative stress: amelioration by daidzein. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 374:49-59. [PMID: 23135684 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development of prostate gland is governed by testosterone. Testosterone helps in maintaining the adipose tissue stores of the body. It is well documented that with advancing age there has been a gradual decline in testosterone levels. Our aim was to study the protective role of daidzein on flutamide-induced androgen deprivation on matrix degrading genes, lipid profile and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Sub-chronic (60 days) flutamide (30 mg/kg b.wt) administration resulted in marked increase in expressions of matrix degrading genes [matrix metalloproteases 9 and urokinase plasminogen activation receptor]. Additionally, it increased the levels of low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lowered the levels of high density lipoproteins and endogenous antioxidant levels. Oral administration of daidzein (20 and 60 mg/kg b.wt) restituted the levels to normal. Daidzein administration resulted in amelioration of the prostate atrophy, degeneracy and invasiveness induced by flutamide. Our findings suggest that the daidzein may be given as dietary supplement to patients who are on androgen deprivation therapy, to minimize the adverse effects related to it and also retarding susceptibility of patients to cardiovascular diseases.
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Souza-Pinto FJP, Moretti AIS, Cury V, Marcondes W, Velasco IT, Souza HP. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition increases MMP-2 activity leading to imbalance between extracellular matrix deposition and degradation after polypropylene mesh implant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1379-87. [PMID: 23077110 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic mesh implants are commonly used to correct abdominal wall defects. However, success of the procedure is conditioned by an adequate inflammatory response to the device. We hypothesized that nitric oxide produced by nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and MMP-2 and -9 participate in response induced by mesh implants in the abdominal wall and, consequently, affect the outcome of the surgical procedure. In the first step, temporal inflammatory markers profile was evaluated. Polypropylene meshes were implanted in the peritoneal side of the abdominal wall of C57Black mice. After 2, 4, 7, 15, and 30 days, tissues around the mesh implant were collected and inflammatory markers were analyzed. In the second step, NOS2 activity was inhibited with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Samples were collected after 15 days (when inflammation was reduced), and the inflammatory and tissue remodeling markers were investigated. Polypropylene mesh implant induced a pro-inflammatory environment mediated by intense MMP-2 and -9 activities, NO release, and interleukin-1β production peaking in 7 days and gradually decreasing after 15 days. NOS2 inhibition increased MMP-2 activity and resulted in a higher visceral adhesion incidence at the mesh implantation site when compared with non-treated animals that underwent the same procedure. We conclude that NOS2-derived NO is crucial for adequate response to polypropylene mesh implant integration in the peritoneum. NO deficiency results in an imbalance between extracellular matrix deposition/degradation contributing to visceral adhesions incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciso J P Souza-Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Emergency Medicine Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Babykutty S, Suboj P, Srinivas P, Nair AS, Chandramohan K, Gopala S. Insidious role of nitric oxide in migration/invasion of colon cancer cells by upregulating MMP-2/9 via activation of cGMP-PKG-ERK signaling pathways. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:471-92. [PMID: 22419013 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an uncharged free radical is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. The present study is an investigation on the effect of NO on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of colon cancer cells. Colon adenocarcinoma cells, WiDr, were used for the in vitro experiments. Tissues from colon adenocarcinoma, adjacent normal and inflammatory tissue and lymph node with metastasis were evaluated for iNOS, MMP-2/9 and Fra-1/Fra-2. NO increases the proliferation of cancer cells and simultaneously prevents apoptosis. Expression of MMP-2/9, RhoB and Rac-1 was enhanced by NO in a time dependent manner. Further, NO increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced nuclear translocation of Fra-1 and Fra-2. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and use of deletion mutant promoter constructs identified role of AP-1 in NO-mediated regulation of MMP-2/9. iNOS, MMP-2/9, Fra-1 and Fra-2 in normal and colon adenocarcinoma tissues were analyzed and it was found that increased expression of these proteins in cancer when compared to normal provides support to our in vitro findings. The study showed that the NO-cGMP-PKG promotes MMP-2/9 expression by activating ERK-1/2 and AP-1. This study reveals the insidious role of NO in imparting tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suboj Babykutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, 695011, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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31
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Wang J, O'Sullivan S, Harmon S, Keaveny R, Radomski MW, Medina C, Gilmer JF. Design of barbiturate-nitrate hybrids that inhibit MMP-9 activity and secretion. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2154-62. [PMID: 22248361 DOI: 10.1021/jm201352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new type of barbiturate-based matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor incorporating a nitric oxide (NO) donor/mimetic group (series 1). The compounds were designed to inhibit MMP at enzyme level and to attenuate MMP-9 secretion arising from inflammatory signaling. To detect effects related to the nitrate, we prepared and studied an analogous series of barbiturate C5-alkyl alcohols that were unable to release NO (series 2). Both series inhibited recombinant human MMP-2/9 activity with nanomolar potency. Series 1 consistently inhibited the secretion of MMP-9 from TNFα/IL1β stimulated Caco-2 cells at 10 μM, which could be attributed to NO related effects because the non-nitrate panel did not affect enzyme levels. Several compounds from series 1 (10 μM) inhibited tumor cell invasion but none from the non-nitrate panel did. The work shows that MMP-inhibitory barbiturates are suitable scaffolds for hybrid design, targeting additional facets of MMP pathophysiology, with potential to improve risk-benefit ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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32
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Perrone S, Tataranno ML, Stazzoni G, Buonocore G. Oxidative stress and free radicals related diseases of the newborn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.327127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Wu C, Parrott AM, Fu C, Liu T, Marino SM, Gladyshev VN, Jain MR, Baykal AT, Li Q, Oka S, Sadoshima J, Beuve A, Simmons WJ, Li H. Thioredoxin 1-mediated post-translational modifications: reduction, transnitrosylation, denitrosylation, and related proteomics methodologies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2565-604. [PMID: 21453190 PMCID: PMC3176348 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significance of redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) in regulating diverse signal transduction pathways, the enzymatic systems that catalyze reversible and specific oxidative or reductive modifications have yet to be firmly established. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a conserved antioxidant protein that is well known for its disulfide reductase activity. Interestingly, Trx1 is also able to transnitrosylate or denitrosylate (defined as processes to transfer or remove a nitric oxide entity to/from substrates) specific proteins. An intricate redox regulatory mechanism has recently been uncovered that accounts for the ability of Trx1 to catalyze these different redox PTMs. In this review, we will summarize the available evidence in support of Trx1 as a specific disulfide reductase, and denitrosylation and transnitrosylation agent, as well as the biological significance of the diverse array of Trx1-regulated pathways and processes under different physiological contexts. The dramatic progress in redox proteomics techniques has enabled the identification of an increasing number of proteins, including peroxiredoxin 1, whose disulfide bond formation and nitrosylation status are regulated by Trx1. This review will also summarize the advancements of redox proteomics techniques for the identification of the protein targets of Trx1-mediated PTMs. Collectively, these studies have shed light on the mechanisms that regulate Trx1-mediated reduction, transnitrosylation, and denitrosylation of specific target proteins, solidifying the role of Trx1 as a master regulator of redox signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, 07103, USA
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Lehner C, Gehwolf R, Tempfer H, Krizbai I, Hennig B, Bauer HC, Bauer H. Oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier dysfunction under particular consideration of matrix metalloproteinases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1305-23. [PMID: 21294658 PMCID: PMC6464004 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A cell's "redox" (oxidation and reduction) state is determined by the sum of all redox processes yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other reactive intermediates. Low amounts of ROS/RNS are generated by different mechanisms in every cell and are important regulatory mediators in many signaling processes (redox signaling). When the physiological balance between the generation and elimination of ROS/RNS is disrupted, oxidative/nitrosative stress with persistent oxidative damage of the organism occurs. Oxidative stress has been suggested to act as initiator and/or mediator of many human diseases. The cerebral vasculature is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which is critical since cerebral endothelial cells play a major role in the creation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This article will only contain a focused introduction on the biochemical background of redox signaling, since this has been reported already in a series of excellent recent reviews. The goal of this work is to increase the understanding of basic mechanisms underlying ROS/RNS-induced BBB disruption, with a focus on the role of matrix metalloproteinases, which, after all, appear to be a key mediator in the initiation and progression of BBB damage elicited by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Department of Organismic Biology, Development Biology Group, University Hospital of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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35
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Krishnatry AS, Kamei T, Wang H, Qu J, Fung HL. Identification of nitroglycerin-induced cysteine modifications of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2291-2298. [PMID: 21766372 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG), an important cardiovascular agent, has been shown recently to activate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in biological systems, possibly leading to destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The chemical mechanism for this activation, particularly on the cysteine switch of the pro-form of MMP-9 (proMMP-9), has not been investigated and was examined here using nano-flow liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In order to obtain high sequence coverage, two orthogonal enzymes (trypsin and GluC) were employed to digest the protein in parallel. Two complementary activation methods, collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD), were employed for the identification of various modifications. A high-resolution Orbitrap analyzer was used to enable confident identification. Incubation of NTG with proMMP-9 resulted in the formation of an unstable thionitrate intermediate and oxidation of the cysteine switch to sulfinic and irreversible sulfonic acid derivatives. The unstable thionitrate modification was confirmed by both CID and ETD in the proteolytic peptides produced by both trypsin and GluC. Incubation of proMMP-9 with diethylenetriamine NONOate (a nitric oxide donor) led to sulfonic acid formation, but no observable sulfinic acid modification. Extensive tyrosine nitration by NTG was observed at Tyr-262, in close proximity to an oxidized Cys-256 of proMMP-9. The intramolecular interaction between these two residues toward NTG-induced oxidation was examined using a synthesized peptide representing the sequence in this domain, PWCSTTANYDTDDR, and the modification status was compared against an analog in which Cys was substituted by Ala. We observed a thionitrate product, extensive Cys oxidative modifications and enhanced tyrosine nitration with the Cys peptide but not with the Ala analog. Our results indicated that neighboring Cys and Tyr residues can facilitate each other's oxidation in the presence of NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Shilpa Krishnatry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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36
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Huang JL, Wu SY, Xie XJ, Wang MX, Zhu S, Gu JR. Inhibiting effects of Leflunomide metabolite on overexpression of CD147, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:304-10. [PMID: 21871883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported elevated expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 147 on CD14(+) monocytes of the peripheral blood of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and a correlation of CD147 expression with Disease Activity Score. Thus, CD147 may be a new target for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The effect of leflunomide in blocking the up-regulation of CD147 and in blocking the down-regulation of metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in active macrophages has not yet been established. In this study we investigated the effect of A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, on expression of CD147 and on the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) differentiated THP-1 cells. The expression of CD147, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, the levels of cellular surface expression of CD147 were determined by flow cytometry, and the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by zymography. Our results showed that A771726 significantly inhibited the expression of CD147 on the cell surface of activated THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01), inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01), and inhibited the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at concentration of 15 μg/ml and 45 μg/ml (P<0.01). Our results indicate that A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, inhibited CD147 expression at the protein level and inhibited gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-lin Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
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Shahani N, Sawa A. Protein S-nitrosylation: role for nitric oxide signaling in neuronal death. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:736-42. [PMID: 21803124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the signaling mechanisms mediated by nitric oxide (NO) is through S-nitrosylation, the reversible redox-based modification of cysteine residues, on target proteins that regulate a myriad of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In particular, an increasing number of studies have identified important roles for S-nitrosylation in regulating cell death. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review focuses on different targets and functional consequences associated with nitric oxide and protein S-nitrosylation during neuronal cell death. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS S-Nitrosylation exhibits double-edged effects dependent on the levels, spatiotemporal distribution, and origins of NO in the brain: in general Snitrosylation resulting from the basal low level of NO in cells exerts anti-cell death effects, whereas S-nitrosylation elicited by induced NO upon stressed conditions is implicated in pro-cell death effects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Dysregulated protein S-nitrosylation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Elucidating specific targets of S-nitrosylation as well as their regulatory mechanisms may aid in the development of therapeutic intervention in a wide range of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Shahani
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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38
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Guttmann RP, Ghoshal S. Thiol-protease oxidation in age-related neuropathology. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:282-8. [PMID: 21565267 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of every major neurodegenerative disease that has been studied. Numerous biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found, indicating that waves of oxidation had, at one time or another, overwhelmed antioxidant defenses, leaving behind a host of oxidized DNA, lipids, and proteins in their path. Although some level of oxidation may be beneficial, perhaps mediated by a hormetic response, the extent and types of oxidation detected in neuropathological states would suggest that oxidative stress contributes to a loss of homeostasis and cellular dysfunction. Although there are many targets of oxidants, this review emphasizes protein oxidation with a focus on an important group of redox-sensitive enzymes, the thiol-proteases. Both the direct and the indirect effects of oxidation and their potential importance in neurodegeneration are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Guttmann
- Department of Gerontology, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Potential role of intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 in early embryonic development in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 170:65-71. [PMID: 21640761 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin2 (ADM2), also referred to as Intermedin (IMD) is expressed in trophoblast cells in human placenta and enhances the invasion and migration of first trimester HTR-8/SV-neo cells. Recently we demonstrated that infusion of IMD antagonist in pregnant rats causes feto-placental growth restriction suggesting a role for IMD in maintaining a successful pregnancy. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess if IMD has a functional role in embryo implantation in a rat model. We show that IMD mRNA is expressed in rat implantation sites and its expression is significantly higher on day 15 in placenta compared to days 18-22. Infusion of IMD antagonist IMD₁₇₋₄₇ from day 3 of pregnancy causes a significant decrease in the weights of day 9 implantation sites as well as serum levels of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, nitric oxide and serum MMP2 and MMP9 gelatinase activity. Further, expression of MMP2, MMP9, VEGF and PLGF protein levels are significantly downregulated in the implantation sites of IMD antagonist treated rats. This study suggests a potential involvement of IMD in regulating the factors that are critical for implantation and growth of the embryo and thus in establishment of normal rat pregnancy.
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40
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Tegeder I, Scheving R, Wittig I, Geisslinger G. SNO-ing at the nociceptive synapse? Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:366-89. [PMID: 21436345 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is generally considered a pronociceptive retrograde transmitter that, by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated cGMP production and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, drives nociceptive hypersensitivity. The duality of its functions, however, is increasingly recognized. This review summarizes nitric-oxide-mediated direct S-nitrosylation of target proteins that may modify nociceptive signaling, including glutamate receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated channels, proinflammatory enzymes, transcription factors, and redoxins. S-Nitrosylation events require close proximity of nitric oxide production and target proteins and a permissive redox state in the vicinity. Despite the diversity of potential targets and effects, three major schemes arise that may affect nociceptive signaling: 1) S-Nitrosylation-mediated changes of ion channel gating properties, 2) modulation of membrane fusion and fission, and thereby receptor and channel membrane insertion, and 3) modulation of ubiquitination, and thereby protein degradation or transcriptional activity. In addition, S-Nitrosylation may alter the production of nitric oxide itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Tegeder
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, Haus 74; 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Bonacci G, Schopfer FJ, Batthyany CI, Rudolph TK, Rudolph V, Khoo NKH, Kelley EE, Freeman BA. Electrophilic fatty acids regulate matrix metalloproteinase activity and expression. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16074-81. [PMID: 21454668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO(2)-FA) are electrophilic signaling mediators formed by reactions of nitric oxide and nitrite. NO(2)-FA exert anti-inflammatory signaling actions through post-translational protein modifications. We report that nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO(2)) stimulates proMMP-7 and proMMP-9 proteolytic activity via adduction of the conserved cysteine switch domain thiolate. Biotin-labeled OA-NO(2) showed this adduction occurs preferentially with latent forms of MMP, confirming a role for thiol alkylation by OA-NO(2) in MMP activation. In addition to regulating pro-MMP activation, MMP expression was modulated by OA-NO(2) via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. MMP-9 transcription was decreased in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated THP-1 macrophages to an extent similar to that induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist Rosiglitazone. This was affirmed using a murine model of atherosclerosis, ApoE(-/-) mice, where in vivo OA-NO(2) administration suppressed MMP expression in atherosclerotic lesions. These findings reveal that electrophilic fatty acid derivatives can serve as effectors during inflammation, first by activating pro-MMP proteolytic activity via alkylation of the cysteine switch domain, and then by transcriptionally inhibiting MMP expression, thereby limiting the further progression of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bonacci
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Krishnatry AS, Fung SM, Brazeau DA, Soda D, Fung HL. Nitroglycerin alters matrix remodeling proteins in THP-1 human macrophages and plasma metalloproteinase activity in rats. Nitric Oxide 2010; 24:66-76. [PMID: 21156214 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggested that long-term nitrate therapy may produce negative outcomes in patient mortality and morbidity. A possible mechanism may involve nitrate-mediated activation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteases, particularly matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and adhesion molecules in human macrophages, leading to the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. We examined the gene and protein regulating effects on THP-1 human macrophages by repeated exposure to therapeutically relevant concentrations of nitroglycerin (NTG) and possible involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling mechanism in mediating some of these observed effects. THP-1 human macrophages repeatedly exposed to NTG (at 10 nM, added on days 1, 4 and 7) exhibited extensive alterations in the expression of multiple genes encoding ECM proteases and adhesion molecules. These effects were dissimilar to those produced by a direct nitric oxide donor, diethylenetriamine NONOate. NTG exposure significantly up-regulated NF-κB DNA nuclear binding activity and MMP-9 protein expression, and reduced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression; these effects were abrogated in the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide (a chemical inhibitor derived from the feverfew plant). Further, we examined whether our in vitro findings (an elevated MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio and gelatinase activity) can be translated to in vivo effects, in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats exposed continuously to NTG subcutaneously for 8 days via mini-osmotic pumps showed significant induction of plasma MMP-9 dimer concentrations and the expression of a complex of MMP-9 with lipocalin-2 or neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL). Plasma gelatinase activity was significantly increased by NTG over the entire study period, attaining peak elevation at day 6. Plasma TIMP-1 protein was down-regulated significantly by day 2 and days 4-7 in the NTG-treated rats. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of NTG and its dinitrate metabolites indicated that concentrations were well within therapeutic levels observed in humans. Our studies indicate that clinically relevant concentrations of NTG not only altered ECM matrix by changing the expression of multiple genes that govern cellular integrity, affecting cellular MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance in THP-1 human macrophages possibly via NF-κB activation, but also led to systemic changes in MMP-9/TIMP-1 expression and gelatinase activity in rats. These effects may contribute to extracellular matrix degradation and possible atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Shilpa Krishnatry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Hadler-Olsen E, Fadnes B, Sylte I, Uhlin-Hansen L, Winberg JO. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity in health and disease. FEBS J 2010; 278:28-45. [PMID: 21087458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is regulated at several levels, including enzyme activation, inhibition, complex formation and compartmentalization. Regulation at the transcriptional level is also important, although this is not a subject of the present minireview. Most MMPs are secreted and have their function in the extracellular environment. This is also the case for the membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs). MMPs are also found inside cells, both in the nucleus, cytosol and organelles. The role of intracellular located MMPs is still poorly understood, although recent studies have unraveled some of their functions. The localization, activation and activity of MMPs are regulated by their interactions with other proteins, proteoglycan core proteins and/or their glycosaminoglycan chains, as well as other molecules. Complexes formed between MMPs and various molecules may also include interactions with noncatalytic sites. Such exosites are regions involved in substrate processing, localized outside the active site, and are potential binding sites of specific MMP inhibitors. Knowledge about regulation of MMP activity is essential for understanding various physiological processes and pathogenesis of diseases, as well as for the development of new MMP targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Prakobwong S, Yongvanit P, Hiraku Y, Pairojkul C, Sithithaworn P, Pinlaor P, Pinlaor S. Involvement of MMP-9 in peribiliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinogenesis via Rac1-dependent DNA damage in a hamster model. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2576-87. [PMID: 20162672 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peribiliary fibrosis caused by chronic infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is a risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in northeastern Thailand. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes capable of degrading and remodeling the extracellular matrix in the process of fibrosis and carcinogenesis. We examined MMPs expression and their role in fibrogenesis and cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters treated with OV and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). We assessed the time profiles of MMPs, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Rac1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and DNA lesions (8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxodG) in relation to fibrosis and CCA development. Histopathology revealed OV and NDMA synergistically induced peribiliary fibrosis time-dependently, and CCA occurred at 3 months, whereas OV or NDMA alone induced less fibrosis. Hydroxyproline levels in the liver and plasma were positively associated with the expression of collagen I and α-SMA. MMP-9 expression was significantly increased and correlated with the accumulation of myofibroblast, fibrosis levels and cholangiocarcinogenesis. MMP-9 activity was correlated with iNOS, and immunocolocalization was observed in inflammed tissues, early and invasive CCA. OV and NDMA synergistically induced MMP-9 expression in association to Rac1. In addition, Rac1 was colocalized with iNOS, and 8-nitroguanine, in inflammed tissues and CCA. Formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxodG increased with tumor progression. The results suggest that MMP-9 expression is associated with the accumulation of peribiliary fibrosis in conjunction to the induction of iNOS and Rac1 that may potentiate DNA damage and cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suksanti Prakobwong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Varonka MS, Warren TH. S-nitrosothiol and nitric oxide reactivity at zinc thiolates. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:5605-7. [PMID: 19469478 DOI: 10.1021/ic900664r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiols undergo reversible transnitrosation reactions at tris(pyrazolyl)boratozinc thiolates (iPr2)TpZn-SR. These zinc thiolates are unreactive toward anaerobic NO but rapidly react with NO in the presence of O(2) or anaerobically with NO(2) to release the S-nitrosothiol RSNO with formation of the corresponding zinc nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Varonka
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Lindsey ML, Zamilpa R. Temporal and spatial expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases following myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 30:31-41. [PMID: 20645986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the homeostatic balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is disrupted as part of the left ventricle (LV) response to injury. The full complement of responses to MI has been termed LV remodeling and includes changes in LV size, shape and function. The following events encompass the LV response to MI: (1) inflammation and LV wall thinning and dilation, (2) infarct expansion and necrotic myocyte resorption, (3) accumulation of fibroblasts and scar formation, and (4) endothelial cell activation and neovascularization. In this review, we will summarize MMP and TIMP roles during these events, focusing on the spatiotemporal localization and MMP and TIMP effects on cellular and tissue-level responses. We will review MMP and TIMP structure and function, and discuss specific MMP roles during both the acute and chronic phases post-MI, which may provide insight into novel therapeutic targets to limit adverse remodeling in the MI setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Marques MJ, Barbin ICC, Taniguti APT, Oggian DS, Ferretti R, Santo Neto H. Myocardial fibrosis is unaltered by long-term administration of L-arginine in dystrophin deficient mdx mice: a histomorphometric analysis. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2010; 61:168-74. [PMID: 20519171 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac failure secondary to myocardial fibrosis (MF) significantly contributes to death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal form of muscle disease. In aging, the mdx mice, an animal model of DMD, MF is similar to that observed in humans. Nitric oxide-based therapy has been proposed to retard MF in DMD and a candidate is L-arginine (L-arg). In this study we evaluated the effects of long-term therapy with L-arg in the MF of mdx mice. mdx mice (6 months old) were treated with L-arg in drinking water. Control mdx mice received water only. After 15 months of treatment, hearts were stained with Masson's trichrome for analysis of MF and with hematoxilyn and eosin for analysis of inflammation and cardiomyocyte damage. We observed that MF was not affected (29.5 +/- 2.5% of MF area for control vs 31.4 +/- 2% for L-arginine-treated animals; P > 0.05). The density of inflammatory cells was reduced (169 +/- 12 cells/mm 2 in control vs 102 +/- 9 cells/mm 2 in L-arg-treated; P < 0.05). The present study shows that long-term administration of L-arg is not effective in retarding MF in mdx dystrophinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Julia Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Biofisica CP 6109 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
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Krishnatry AS, Brazeau DA, Fung HL. Broad regulation of matrix and adhesion molecules in THP-1 human macrophages by nitroglycerin. Nitric Oxide 2009; 22:11-7. [PMID: 19836459 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although nitroglycerin (NTG) is effective for the acute relief in coronary ischemic diseases, its long-term benefits in mortality and morbidity have been questioned. The possibility has been raised that NTG may increase the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which could lead to disruption and dislodging of atherosclerotic plaques. This study examined the broad effects of acute NTG exposure on the expression and activity of genes encoding MMP-9, as well as an array of ECM and adhesion molecules in THP-1 human macrophages. Gene array studies identified that while NTG exposure (100microM, 48h) did not significantly increase MMP-9 gene expression, genes encoding testican-1, integrin alpha-1, thrombospondin-3, fibronectin-1 and MMP-26 were significantly down-regulated. On the other hand, genes encoding catenin beta-1 and vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 were up-regulated. Real-time PCR studies confirmed significant down-regulation of testican-1 gene expression, but its protein expression was not significantly altered. NTG exposure, caused a significant increase in total MMP-9 protein expression (1.96-fold) and active MMP-9 (3.7-fold) concentrations. Recombinant MMP-9 was significantly activated by NTG and its dinitrate metabolites, indicating post-translation modification of this protein by organic nitrates. These results indicate that NTG exposure could broadly affect the gene expression and activity of proteases that govern the ECM cascade, thereby potentially altering atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Shilpa Krishnatry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-1200, USA
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Wimalawansa SJ. Nitric oxide: new evidence for novel therapeutic indications. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:1935-54. [PMID: 18627331 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.11.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is implicated in many pathophysiological processes in mammals. NO is a ubiquitous molecule involved in multiple cellular functions. Uncontrolled or inappropriate production of NO may lead to several disease states including septic shock, rheumatoid and inflammatory arthropathies, and expansion of cerebral damage after stroke. However, to date, there are no therapeutic agents available that can overcome these conditions. Similarly, underproduction of NO by NO synthase or enhanced breakdown of NO also leads to diseases such as hypertension, ischemic conditions, pre-eclampsia, premature delivery, among others. NO donor therapies are indicated in these conditions. RESULTS Nitroglycerin and nitrates (NO donors) have been used as therapeutic agents for the past century, particularly to treat vascular disease, and the only significant adverse effects are headaches. NO donors are highly cost-effective and have beneficial effects in multiple body systems. When the body cannot generate NO via NO synthase or due to rapid turnover leading to inadequate amounts of NO available for biological homeostasis, administration of exogenous NO, or prolongation of the actions of endogenous NO, are practical ways to supplement NO. CONCLUSION Recipients of such therapy include patients with angina pectoris, coronary artery disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal motility disorders, pregnancy-related disorders including premature delivery, pre-eclampsia, vulvodynia, and erectile dysfunction in men. Postmenopausal NO deficiency is rectified with hormone replacement therapy, which enhances local production of NO. Declining local NO production secondary to estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women and perhaps in older men could be one of the reasons for age-related increased incidences of cardiovascular events and sexual dysfunction. Thus, in addition to supplementation of NO compounds in acute situations like alleviating angina and erectile dysfunction, chronic NO therapy is cost-effective in decreasing cardiovascular events, and improving the urogenital system and skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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