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Huang D, Awad ACA, Tang C, Chen Y. Demethylnobiletin ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1335-1349. [PMID: 37955318 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demethylnobiletin (DN), with a variety of biological activities, is a polymethoxy-flavanone (PMF) found in citrus. In the present study, we explored the biological activities and potential mechanism of DN to improve cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats, and identified DN as a novel neuroprotective agent for patients with ischemic brain injury. METHODS Rat CIRI models were established via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Primary nerve cells were isolated and cultured in fetal rat cerebral cortex in vitro, and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) models of primary nerve cells were induced. After intervention with DN with different concentrations in MCAO rats and OGD/R nerve cells, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to quantify cerebral infarction size in CIRI rats. Modified neurological severity score was utilized to assess neurological performance. Histopathologic staining and live/dead cell-viability staining was used to observe apoptosis. Levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. DN level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MCAO rats were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, expression levels of proteins like Kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nfr2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and apoptosis-related proteins like Cleaved caspase-3, BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS DN can significantly enhance neurological function recovery by reducing cerebral infarction size and weakening neurocytes apoptosis in MCAO rats. It was further found that DN could improve oxidative stress (OS) injury of nerve cells by bringing down MDA and ROS levels and increasing SOD and GSH levels. Notably, DN exerts its pharmacological influences through entering blood-brain barrier. Mechanically, DN can reduce Keap1 expression while activate Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in neurocytes. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of DN on neurocytes have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo circumstances. It deserves to be developed as a potential neuroprotective agent through regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to ameliorate neurocytes impairment caused by OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Faculty of Medicine/Clinical Campus/Lembah Sireh, Lincoln University college, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Chyadmarzok Al Awad
- Faculty of Medicine/Clinical Campus/Lembah Sireh, Lincoln University college, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chuai Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapeutics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunqiang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapeutics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Pang Y, Xiong J, Wu Y, Ding W. A review on recent advances on nobiletin in central and peripheral nervous system diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:485. [PMID: 37932838 PMCID: PMC10626649 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of nobiletin in neuronal disorders has received extensive attention. However, the study of nobiletin in the peripheral nervous system is limited. Nobiletin, as a compound with high fat solubility, high bioavailability and low toxicity, has been extensively studied. Accumulating scientific evidence has shown that nobiletin has a variety of biological functions in the nervous system, such as inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing the neurotoxic response, improving the antioxidant capacity, promoting the survival of nerve cells, promoting axon growth, reducing blood‒brain barrier permeability, reducing brain oedema, promoting cAMP response element binding protein expression, improving memory, and promoting mild depolarization of nerve cell mitochondria to improve antioxidative stress capacity. Accumulating studies have shown that nobiletin also protects enteric nervous system, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. To explore the new therapeutic potential of nobiletin in the nervous system, recent and relevant research progress is reviewed in this article. This will provide a new research idea for nobiletin in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Pang
- Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - You Wu
- Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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3
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Mawatari K, Koike N, Nohara K, Wirianto M, Uebanso T, Shimohata T, Shikishima Y, Miura H, Nii Y, Burish MJ, Yagita K, Takahashi A, Yoo SH, Chen Z. The Polymethoxyflavone Sudachitin Modulates the Circadian Clock and Improves Liver Physiology. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200270. [PMID: 36829302 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) are a group of natural compounds known to display a wide array of beneficial effects to promote physiological fitness. Recent studies reveal circadian clocks as an important cellular mechanism mediating preventive efficacy of the major PMF Nobiletin against metabolic disorders. Sudachitin is a PMF enriched in Citrus sudachi, and its functions and mechanism of action are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Using circadian reporter cells, it shows that Sudachitin modulates circadian amplitude and period of Bmal1 promoter-driven reporter rhythms, and real-time qPCR analysis shows that Sudachitin alters expression of core clock genes, notably Bmal1, at both transcript and protein levels. Mass-spec analysis reveals systemic exposure in vivo. In mice fed with high-fat diet with or without Sudachitin, it observes increased nighttime activity and daytime sleep, accompanied by significant metabolic improvements in a circadian time-dependent manner, including respiratory quotient, blood lipid and glucose profiles, and liver physiology. Focusing on liver, RNA-sequencing and metabolomic analyses reveal prevalent diurnal alteration in both gene expression and metabolite accumulation. CONCLUSION This study elucidates Sudachitin as a new clock-modulating PMF with beneficial effects to improve diurnal metabolic homeostasis and liver physiology, suggesting the circadian clock as a fundamental mechanism to safeguard physiological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shikishima
- Ikeda Yakusou Corporation, 1808-1 Shuzunakatsu, Ikeda-cho, Miyoshi-city, Tokushima, 778-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Ikeda Yakusou Corporation, 1808-1 Shuzunakatsu, Ikeda-cho, Miyoshi-city, Tokushima, 778-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food and Biotechnology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center, 11-2 Nishibari, Saika-cho, Tokushima, 770-8021, Japan
| | - Mark J Burish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Ali S, Passarella D, Intrieri M, Scapagnini G. Dietary Flavonoids and Adult Neurogenesis: Potential Implications for Brain Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:651-668. [PMID: 36321225 PMCID: PMC10207917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221031103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis deficiency has been proposed to be a common hallmark in different age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The administration of flavonoids is currently reported as a potentially beneficial strategy for preventing brain aging alterations, including adult neurogenesis decline. Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have drawn attention for their neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects. Although they undergo extensive metabolism and localize in the brain at low concentrations, flavonoids are now believed to improve cerebral vasculature and interact with signal transduction cascades involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, many dietary flavonoids have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, improving the neuronal microenvironment where adult neurogenesis occurs. The overall goal of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the role of flavonoids in modulating adult neurogenesis as well as to highlight how these dietary agents may be promising candidates in restoring healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
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Mechanistic Insights into the Neuroprotective Potential of Sacred Ficus Trees. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224731. [PMID: 36432418 PMCID: PMC9695857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus religiosa (Bo tree or sacred fig) and Ficus benghalensis (Indian banyan) are of immense spiritual and therapeutic importance. Various parts of these trees have been investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, dermoprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Previous reviews of Ficus mostly discussed traditional usages, photochemistry, and pharmacological activities, though comprehensive reviews of the neuroprotective potential of these Ficus species extracts and/or their important phytocompounds are lacking. The interesting phytocompounds from these trees include many bengalenosides, carotenoids, flavonoids (leucopelargonidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, leucopelargonidin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, lupeol, cetyl behenate, and α-amyrin acetate), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin), leucocyanidin, phytosterols (bergapten, bergaptol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), terpenes (α-thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, β-ocimene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, α-humulene, alloaromadendrene, germacrene, γ-cadinene, and δ-cadinene), and diverse polyphenols (tannin, wax, saponin, leucoanthocyanin), contributing significantly to their pharmacological effects, ranging from antimicrobial action to neuroprotection. This review presents extensive mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential, especially important phytochemicals from F. religiosa and F. benghalensis. Owing to the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), the currently existing drugs merely alleviate the symptoms. Hence, bioactive compounds with potent neuroprotective effects through a multitarget approach would be of great interest in developing pharmacophores for the treatment of NDDs.
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Shimada M, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Yamada K, Nakajima A. Anthocyanin‐rich blackcurrant extract improves long‐term memory impairment and emotional abnormality in senescence‐accelerated mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14295. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minori Shimada
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Science and Laboratory Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
- Department of Industry Development Sciences Hirosaki University Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies Hirosaki Japan
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Chai W, Zhang J, Xiang Z, Zhang H, Mei Z, Nie H, Xu R, Zhang P. Potential of nobiletin against Alzheimer's disease through inhibiting neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1145-1154. [PMID: 35267136 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Nobiletin attenuating Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inhibiting neuroinflammation. METHODS The expression of inflammatory cytokines and HMGB-1 in serum of AD patients were examined. Microglia (MGs) were treated with different doses of Nobiletin before LPS and Nigericin induction. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, respectively. APP/PS1 mice were gavaged with Nobiletin, and Morris water maze (MWM) was established to record swimming speed, escape latency, the number of platform crossings, and time spent in the platform quadrant. MGs activation in brain tissues was evaluated by immunofluorescence. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and HMGB-1 was determined in the hippocampus and MGs. RESULTS The levels of inflammatory cytokines and HMGB-1 were high in serum of AD patients. Treatment with different concentrations of Nobiletin prominently enhanced cell viability and reduced apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory cytokine and pyroptosis-related proteins in LPS + Nigericin-induced MGs. Gavage of different doses of Nobiletin into APP/PS1 mice shortened the escape latency in mice, diminished MGs activation in brain tissues, and remarkably elevated the number of platform crossings and the time spent in the platform quadrant without obvious change in swimming speed, suggesting that Nobiletin improved the spatial learning and memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, HMGB-1, and inflammatory cytokines was decreased dramatically by Nobiletin in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Nobiletin can inhibit neuroinflammation by inhibiting HMGB-1, pyroptosis-related proteins, and inflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbing Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhujun Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Nie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Renxu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Department of General Practice/General Family Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College/Jaingxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.152, Aiguo Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.
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Zhao J, Ren J, Liu S, Gong Y, Meng P, Tan H, Chen Y. Repeated exposure to sevoflurane in neonatal rats impairs cognition in adulthood via the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1442. [PMID: 34721684 PMCID: PMC8549089 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev) anesthesia is widely used in pediatrics due to its low blood-gas partition coefficient and lack of pungency. However, Sev treatment may lead to cognitive dysfunction in later life. The current study administered Sev to neonatal rats to investigate the effects of Sev treatment on cognitive performance in adulthood. In total, 6-day-old rats received 3% Sev for 2 h daily for 3 consecutive days. The cognitive function of rats in adulthood was evaluated in 56-day-old rats by Morris water maze test. The hippocampal neuron morphology was observed by Nissl staining. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) and BDNF in hippocampus were assessed by western blotting. The water maze results demonstrated that neonatal treatment with Sev resulted in a significant impairment of cognition in 56-day-old adult rats. Behavioral analysis revealed that Sev treatment increased latency to first pass the platform and decreased residence in target quadrants and across platform frequency compared with the control group in Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, compared with the control group, neonatal exposure to Sev reduced the number of neurons and the concentration of BDNF in the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory. Additionally, Sev significantly decreased the expression of PKA, p-CREB, BDNF and the p-CREB/CREB ratio. Treatment with bucladesine, a selective PKA agonist, partially reversed the deleterious effects of Sev. In summary, the results indicated that PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling served an important role in the cognitive decline caused by neonatal exposure to Sev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangqiu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250032, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Operating Room, Zhangqiu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Gaomi, Gaomi, Shandong 261500, P.R. China
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Xia H. Extensive metabolism of flavonoids relevant to their potential efficacy on Alzheimer's disease. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:563-591. [PMID: 34491868 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1977316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, the incidence of which is climbing with ever-growing aged population, but no cure is hitherto available. The epidemiological studies unveiled that chronic intake of flavonoids was negatively associated with AD risk. Flavonoids, a family of natural polyphenols widely distributed in human daily diets, were readily conjugated by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes after absorption in vivo, and glucuronidation could occur in 1 min following intravenous administration. Recently, as many as 191 metabolites were obtained after intragastric administration of a single flavonoid, indicating that other bioactive metabolites, besides conjugates, might be formed and account for the contradiction between efficacy of flavonoids in human or animal models and low systematic exposure of flavonoid glycosides or aglycones. In this review, metabolism of complete 68 flavonoid monomers potential for AD treatment, grouped in flavonoid O-glycosides, flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid C-glycosides, flavonoid dimers, flavonolignans and prenylated flavonoids according to their common structural elements, respectively, has been systematically retrospected, summarized and discussed, including their unequivocally identified metabolites, metabolic interconversions, metabolic locations, metabolic sites (regio- or stereo-selectivity), primarily involved metabolic enzymes or intestinal bacteria, and interspecies correlations or differences in metabolism, and their bioactive metabolites and the underlying mechanism to reverse AD pathology were also reviewed, providing whole perspective about advances on extensive metabolism of diverse potent flavonoids in vivo and in vitro up to date and aiming at elucidation of mechanism of actions of flavonoids on AD or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Xia
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Haraguchi A, Sato S, Kusano S, Ito K, Yamazaki T, Ryan C, Sekiguchi M, Shibata S. 4’-demethylnobiletin-rich fermented Citrus reticulata (ponkan) attenuated the disturbance in clock gene expression and locomotor activity rhythms caused by high-fat diet feeding. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1968609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Haraguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sato
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kusano
- Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd. Research and Development Center, Marugame, Japan
| | - Kaede Ito
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Conn Ryan
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Al Rahim M, Thatipamula S, Pasinetti GM, Hossain MA. Neuronal Pentraxin 1 Promotes Hypoxic-Ischemic Neuronal Injury by Impairing Mitochondrial Biogenesis via Interactions With Active Bax[6A7] and Mitochondrial Hexokinase II. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211012888. [PMID: 34098747 PMCID: PMC8191073 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211012888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mechanism of cell death in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) has been shown to play crucial roles in mitochondria-mediated neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of NP1-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains obscure. Here, we report that NP1 induction following HI and its subsequent localization to mitochondria, leads to disruption of key regulatory proteins for mitochondrial biogenesis. Brain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mtDNA-encoded subunit I of complex IV (mtCOX-1) expression was increased post-HI, but not the nuclear DNA-encoded subunit of complex II (nSDH-A). Up-regulation of mitochondrial proteins COXIV and HSP60 further supported enhanced mtDNA function. NP1 interaction with active Bax (Bax6A7) was increased in the brain after HI and in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal cultures. Importantly, NP1 colocalized with mitochondrial hexokinase II (mtHKII) following OGD leading to HKII dissociation from mitochondria. Knockdown of NP1 or SB216763, a GSK-3 inhibitor, prevented OGD-induced mtHKII dissociation and cellular ATP decrease. NP1 also modulated the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, following HI. Together, we reveal crucial roles of NP1 in mitochondrial biogenesis involving interactions with Bax[6A7] and mtHKII in HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Rahim
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Shabarish Thatipamula
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Mir Ahamed Hossain
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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12
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Matsuzaki K, Ohizumi Y. Beneficial Effects of Citrus-Derived Polymethoxylated Flavones for Central Nervous System Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:E145. [PMID: 33406641 PMCID: PMC7824236 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with central nervous system disorders is increasing. Despite diligent laboratory and clinical research over the past 30 years, most pharmacologic options for the prevention and long-term treatment of central nervous system disorders and neurodegenerative disorders have been unsuccessful. Therefore, the development of drugs and/or functional foods to prevent the onset of neurodegenerative disorders is highly expected. Several reports have shown that polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) derived from citrus fruit, such as nobiletin, tangeretin, and 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone, are promising molecules for the prevention of neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. In various animal models, PMFs have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect and improve cognitive dysfunction with regard to neurological disorders by exerting favorable effects against their pathological features, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction as well as its related mechanisms. In this review, we describe the profitable and ameliorating effects of citrus-derived PMFs on cognitive impairment and neural dysfunction in various rat and murine models or in several models of central nervous system disorders and identify their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, 6-149-1 Kunimigaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
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13
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Nakajima A, Nemoto K, Ohizumi Y. An evaluation of the genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of the peel extract of Ponkan cultivar 'Ohta ponkan' (Citrus reticulata Blanco) that is rich in nobiletin and tangeretin with anti-dementia activity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 114:104670. [PMID: 32371103 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nobiletin and tangeretin are major components of polymethoxylated flavones in the peels of citrus fruits such as Citrus reticulata. Because nobiletin and tangeretin have attracted attention due to their beneficial health properties, citrus peel extracts, in which they are concentrated, have the potential to serve as a functional food ingredient to prevent diseases. In this study, a series of toxicological studies on the peel extract of Ponkan cultivar 'Ohta ponkan' (Citrus reticulata Blanco), was conducted. No mutagenic activity was observed in a bacterial reverse mutation test, whereas chromosomal aberrations were induced in an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test. No genotoxicity was observed in an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test. In a 90-day study at daily doses of 54, 180, or 540 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day, hyaline droplet nephropathy, which specifically occurs in adult male rats, was observed in males of 540 mg/kg bw/day group. No other adverse effects were observed in the 90-day study. The no adverse effect level in the 90-day study was considered to be 540 mg/kg bw/day for female rats and less than 540 mg/kg bw/day for male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan; Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, 6-149-1 Kunimigaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 989-3201, Japan.
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, 6-149-1 Kunimigaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 989-3201, Japan.
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14
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Singh D. Dietary Flavonoids Interaction with CREB-BDNF Pathway: An Unconventional Approach for Comprehensive Management of Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1158-1175. [PMID: 31400269 PMCID: PMC7057203 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190809165549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcriptional regulator that regulates the transcription of genes related with neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is a CREB dependent gene which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and central comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy. However, the beneficial or detrimental consequences of CREB-BDNF activation on the induction and/or progression of seizures depend specifically on the region of brain involved and the time of activation. The bioactive molecules that alter the activity of CREB in a way to have specialized effects in different brain regions and neural circuits involved could potentially be utilized for therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids are the polyphenolic compounds which lead to phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus, followed by increase in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and BDNF. Several members of flavonoid family have also showed suppression of epileptic seizures via interaction with CREB/BDNF pathway. Moreover, epilepsy is often accompanied by a number of behavioural and psychological comorbid conditions that further gets aggravated by the use of conventional antiepileptic drug therapy. Multiple studies have also supported the beneficial effects of flavonoids in cognitive and memory impairments by upregulation of CREB-BDNF pathway. The current review is an attempt to collate the available preclinical and clinical studies to establish the therapeutic potential of various dietary flavonoids in comprehensive management of epilepsy with relation to CREB-BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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15
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Bai Y, He X, Bai Y, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Chen X, Li B, Xie J, Li Y, Jia P, Meng X, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Xiao C, Wang S, Yu J, Liao S, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Qin F, Zhang Y, Wei X, Zeng M, Liang J, Cuan Y, Shan G, Fan TP, Wu B, Zheng X. Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111650. [PMID: 31539780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the traditional Chinese herbal pair of Polygala tenuifolia-Acori Tatarinowii for treating epilepsy, 33 novel substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters and analogues were designed by Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Molecular Chemistry (CTCMMC) strategy, synthesized and tested systematically not only for anticonvulsant activity in three mouse models but also for LDH inhibitory activity. Thereinto, 68-70 and 75 displayed excellent and broad spectra of anticonvulsant activities with modest ability in preventing neuropathic pain, as well as low neurotoxicity. The protective indices of these four compounds compared favorably with stiripentol, lacosamide, carbamazepine and valproic acid. 68-70 exhibited good LDH1 and LDH5 inhibitory activities with noncompetitive inhibition type, and were more potent than stiripentol. Notably, 70, as a representative agent, was also shown as a moderately positive allosteric modulator at human α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors (EC50 46.3 ± 7.3 μM). Thus, 68-70 were promising candidates for developing into anti-epileptic drugs, especially for treatment of refractory epilepsies such as Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Bai
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Yujun Bai
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | | | - Xufei Chen
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Bin Li
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Li
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanrui Ding
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | | | | | - Jie Yu
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | | | - Zhiling Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | | | - Yuhui Zhao
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | | | - Min Zeng
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Cuan
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Guangzhi Shan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Biao Wu
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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16
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Potential Benefits of Nobiletin, A Citrus Flavonoid, against Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143380. [PMID: 31295812 PMCID: PMC6678479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, accompanied by neurodegeneration, is the most common form of age-related neurodegenerative disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after AD, and is characterized by early prominent loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. As currently available treatments are not able to significantly alter the progression of these diseases, successful therapeutic and preventive interventions are strongly needed. In the course of our survey of substances from natural resources having anti-dementia and neuroprotective activity, we found nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone from the peel of Citrus depressa. Nobiletin improved cognitive deficits and the pathological features of AD, such as Aβ pathology, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and oxidative stress, in animal models of AD. In addition, nobiletin improved motor and cognitive deficits in PD animal models. These observations suggest that nobiletin has the potential to become a novel drug for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
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17
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Sanati M, Khodagholi F, Aminyavari S, Ghasemi F, Gholami M, Kebriaeezadeh A, Sabzevari O, Hajipour MJ, Imani M, Mahmoudi M, Sharifzadeh M. Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on Amyloid β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in a Rat Animal Model: Involvement of STIM Proteins. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2299-2309. [PMID: 30933476 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative amyloid disorder causing progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. A considerable number of therapies for AD rely on inhibition/delay/dissociation of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and fibrils. In this case, nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated substantial effects on the Aβ fibrillation process; however, their effects on progressive cognitive decline and memory have been poorly investigated in vivo. In this study, acquisition and retention of spatial learning and memory are studied in a rat animal model of AD after intrahippocampal (IH) and intraperitoneal (IP) injections of a model NP, i.e., gold NPs (AuNPs). The outcomes revealed that the AuNPs could improve the acquisition and retention of spatial learning and memory in Aβ treated rats as indicated by decreased time (Aβ: 39.60 ± 3.23 s vs Aβ+AuNPs: 25.78 ± 2.80 s) and distance (Aβ: 917.98 ± 50.81 cm vs Aβ+AuNPs: 589.09 ± 65.96 cm) of finding the hidden platform during training days and by increased time spent in the target quadrant (Aβ: 19.40 ± 0.98 s vs Aβ+AuNPs: 29.36 ± 1.14 s) in the probe test in Morris water maze (MWM). Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, cAMP response element binding protein, CREB, and stromal interaction molecules, e.g., STIM1 and STIM2 was also increased, supporting improved neural survival. Our outcomes may pave a way for mechanistic insights toward the role of NPs on retrieval of the deteriorated behavioral functions in brain tissue after AD outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Forough Ghasemi
- Department of
Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
(ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization
(AREEO), Karaj 3135933151, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Abbas Kebriaeezadeh
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajipour
- The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 47263, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Department of Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
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18
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Asakawa T, Sagara H, Kanakogi M, Hiza A, Tsukaguchi Y, Ogawa T, Nakayama M, Ouchi H, Inai M, Kan T. Practical Synthesis of Polymethylated Flavones: Nobiletin and Its Desmethyl Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Asakawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sagara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanakogi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aiki Hiza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsukaguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Miho Nakayama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ouchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Makoto Inai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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19
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Conformational mimetics of the α-methyl chalcone TUB091 binding tubulin: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:337-348. [PMID: 29471122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the conformation of the α-methyl chalcone TUB091 in its complex with tubulin, a series of conformational mimetics have been designed and synthesized where the methyl group of the chalcone has been fused to phenyl ring B resulting in 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl aryl ketones. Among the synthesized compounds, the 5-amino-6-methoxy derivative, with a similar substitution pattern to that of TUB091, showed antiproliferative activity around 20 nM against tumor and endothelial cells. Tubulin binding experiments confirmed its binding to tubulin at the colchicine site with a Kb of 2.4 × 106 M-1 resulting in the inhibition of the in vitro assembly of purified tubulin. Moreover, based on the recently reported complex of combretastatin A4 (CA4) with tubulin, a comparative analysis of the binding mode of CA4 and the α-methyl chalcone to tubulin has been performed.
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20
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Kawahata I, Yamakuni T. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, facilitates tyrosine hydroxylase transcription and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA expression to enhance catecholamine synthesis and its nicotine-evoked elevation in PC12D cells. Toxicology 2017; 394:84-92. [PMID: 29246838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide acting as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the target insects. However, questions about the safety to mammals, including human have emerged. Overactivation of mammalian peripheral catecholaminergic systems leads to onset of tachycardia, hypertension, vomiting, etc., which have been observed in acutely imidacloprid-poisoned patients as well. Physiological activation of the nAChRs is known to drive catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion in mammalian adrenal chromaffin cells. Yet, the impacts of imidacloprid on the catecholaminergic function of the chromaffin cells remain to be evaluated. In this study using PC12D cells, a catecholaminergic cell line derived from the medulla chromaffin-cell tumors of rat adrenal gland, we examined whether imidacloprid itself could impact the catecholamine-synthesizing ability. Imidacloprid alone did facilitate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) transcription via activation of α3β4 nAChR and the α7 subunit-comprising receptor. The insecticide showed the TH transcription-facilitating ability at the concentrations of 3 and 30 μM, at which acetylcholine is known to produce physiological responses, including catecholamine secretion through the nAChRs in adrenal chromaffin cells. The insecticide-facilitated TH transcription was also dependent on PKA- and RhoA-mediated signaling pathways. The insecticide coincidentally raised levels of TH and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA, and as a consequence, increased catecholamine production, although the efficacy of the neonicotinoid was lesser than that of nicotine, indicating its partial agonist-like action. Intriguingly, in cultured rat adrenal chromaffin cells, imidacloprid did increase levels of TH and PNMT protein. When the chromaffin cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of the insecticide, nicotine-elevated adrenaline production was enhanced due to facilitation of nicotine-increased TH and PNMT protein expression, and simultaneous enhancement of nicotine-elevated adrenaline secretion also took place. These findings thus suggest that imidacloprid may facilitate the physiological functions of adrenal glands in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamakuni
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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21
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Pariyar R, Yoon CS, Svay T, Kim DS, Cho HK, Kim SY, Oh H, Kim YC, Kim J, Lee HS, Seo J. Vitis labruscana leaf extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced impairments with activation of Akt, ERK and CREB in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:8-17. [PMID: 29157831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapes are among the most widely consumed plants and are used as a folk medicine. Vitis species have been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and memory-enhancing agents, but, their biological activities of discarded grape leaves are not completely understood. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of alcoholic aqueous leaf extract of Vitis labruscana (LEVL) in a mouse model of memory impairment and tried to ascertain its mechanism. We also evaluated its effects in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS LEVL (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) was administered to ICR mice once daily for 7 days. Memory impairment was induced with intraperitoneal scopolamine injections (1 mg/kg) and measured with the Y-maze test and a passive avoidance task. LEVL-induced signaling was evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse hippocampi. RESULTS We first identified quercetin-3-O-glucuronide as LEVL's major component. We then showed that LEVL promoted phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells. Oral LEVL administration (100 mg/kg) for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reductions of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and scopolamine-induced shortening of latency times in the passive avoidance task's retention trial. Consistent with the cell experiment results, LEVL restored scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and CREB and scopolamine-reduced expression of brain-derived neuroprotective factor expression in mouse hippocampi. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LEVL promotes phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and CREB in the hippocampus and ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pariyar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Thida Svay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., Jeonju, 561-841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Kwon Cho
- Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., Jeonju, 561-841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyo Kim
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang Universit, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang Universit, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Seo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
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Mechanisms of dietary flavonoid action in neuronal function and neuroinflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 61:50-62. [PMID: 29117513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have attracted attention for their pro-cognitive and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity of flavonoids and their extensive in vivo metabolism suggest that a variety of cellular targets in the brain are likely to be impacted by flavonoid consumption. Initially characterized as antioxidants, flavonoids are now believed to act directly on neurons and glia via the interaction with major signal transduction cascades, as well as indirectly via interaction with the blood-brain barrier and cerebral vasculature. This review discusses potential mechanisms of flavonoid action in the brain, with a focus on two critical transcription factors: cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). To advance beyond current understanding of cellular targets, critical bioavailability studies need to be performed to verify the identity and concentration of flavonoid metabolites reaching the brain after ingestion and to validate that these metabolites are produced not just in rodent models but also in humans. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation protocols to generate human neuronal and glial cell types could also provide a unique tool for clinically relevant in vitro investigation of the mechanisms of action of bioavailable flavonoid metabolites in humans.
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Polymethoxyflavones: Novel β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors from Citrus Peels. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090973. [PMID: 28869548 PMCID: PMC5622733 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) generation, and is considered as a prime target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In search of a candidate for AD prevention, our efforts exploring the natural BACE1 inhibitor have led to the finding of nobiletin, tangeretin, and sinensetin—representative compounds of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). Tangeretin exhibited the strongest BACE1 inhibition (IC50, 4.9 × 10−5 M), followed by nobiletin and sinensetin with IC50 values of 5.9 × 10−5 M and 6.3 × 10−5 M, respectively. In addition, all compounds reacted in a non-competitive manner with the substrate. Docking analysis results for complexes with BACE1 indicated that SER10 and THR232 residues of BACE1 hydrogen bonded with two oxygen atoms of tangeretin, while three additional BACE1 residues (ALA157, VAL336 and THR232) interacted with three oxygen atoms of nobiletin. Furthermore, sinensetin formed four hydrogen bonds through nitrogen atoms of TYR71, LYS75, and TRP76, and an oxygen atom of TYR198. Furthermore, the lowest-energy conformations of the most proposed complexes of sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin with BACE1 were −7.2, −7.0, and −6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that these polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) might be considered as promising BACE1 inhibitory agents that could lower Aβ production in AD.
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Synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of polymethoxyflavone Mannich base derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kawahata I, Suzuki T, Rico EG, Kusano S, Tamura H, Mimaki Y, Yamakuni T. Fermented Citrus reticulata (ponkan) fruit squeezed draff that contains a large amount of 4'-demethylnobiletin prevents MK801-induced memory impairment. J Nat Med 2017; 71:617-631. [PMID: 28488113 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A previous study reported biotransformation of a citrus peel polymethoxyflavone, nobiletin, by Aspergillus enabling production of 4'-demethylnobiletin, and the product's antimutagenic activity. However, the effects of fermented citrus peel on the basal forebrain-hippocampal system remain unidentified. Citrus reticulata (ponkan) fruit squeezed draffs are generated as mass waste in beverage factories. In this study using PC12D cells and cultured central nervous system neurons, we therefore examined whether Aspergillus kawachii-fermented citrus fruit squeezed draff could affect cAMP response element (CRE)- and choline acetyltransferase gene (ChAT) promoter region-mediated transcriptional activities relevant to memory formation and cholinergic function. Our current fermentation yielded approximately 80% nobiletin bioconversion, and a sample of hot-water extract of the fermented fruit squeezed draff was stronger than that of the unfermented one in facilitating CRE-mediated transcription in cultured hippocampal neurons as well as in PC12D cells. A sample of 0-80% ethanol-eluted fraction of Diaion HP-20 column-adsorbed components of the preparation obtained by the fermentation concentration-dependently and more strongly facilitated CRE-mediated transcription than did the fraction of the unfermented one in both cell culture systems. In a separate study, this polymethoxyflavone-rich fraction of the fermented fruit squeezed draff showed a potent ability to facilitate CRE-mediated and ChAT transcription in a co-culture of hippocampal neurons and basal forebrain neurons. Repeated oral gavage of mice with the fermented fraction sample prevented MK801-impaired memory formation in mice. These findings suggest that the 4'-demethylnobiletin-rich fraction prepared from the Aspergillus-fermented ponkan squeezed draff has a potential anti-dementia effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Evelyn Gutiérrez Rico
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kusano
- Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd. Research and Development Center, 1301 Tamura-cho, Marugame, 763-0071, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd. Research and Development Center, 1301 Tamura-cho, Marugame, 763-0071, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Science, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamakuni
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Bi J, Zhang H, Lu J, Lei W. Nobiletin ameliorates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in aging rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5408-5414. [PMID: 27840933 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported that nobiletin is an active ingredient in Fructus Aurantii immaturus and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, which may be capable of preventing ischemic stroke. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of nobiletin, and to evaluate whether it could ameliorate isoflurane‑induced cognitive impairment via antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic effects in aging rats. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats (age, 18 months) were used to analyze the neuroprotective effects of nobiletin. Morris water maze test was used to determine cognitive competence. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis were also used to quantify nuclear factor‑κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, glutathione, (GSH), GSH‑peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde concentration and relevant protein expression levels Cognitive competence was increased in isoflurane-treated rats following treatment with nobiletin. In addition, as expected, nobiletin exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic effects on isoflurane‑induced cognitive impairment in aging rats. Treatment with nobiletin induced the activation of phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, p‑cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression and reduced the levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein (Bax) in isoflurane‑induced rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that nobiletin may ameliorate isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic effects via modulation of Akt, Bax, p‑CREB and BDNF in aging rats. These findings provide support for the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nobiletin treatment on isoflurane-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Gynaecology Ward‑1, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Weifu Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Ohizumi Y. [A new strategy for preventive and functional therapeutic methods for dementia--approach using natural products]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 135:449-64. [PMID: 25759053 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a serious social problem in Japan. However, effective preventive and fundamental therapeutic methods for AD have not yet been developed. Using a new strategy in the course of our survey of numerous natural resouces having neurotrophic activity, we isolated a variety of active constituents and proved their pharmacological properties. As a result, we successfully found nobiletin, a compound with anti-dementia activity that comes from citrus peels. Also, we have demonstrated that nobiletin ameliorates cognitive impairment in several dementia model animals such as chronically amyloid β(Aβ) infused rats, amyloid precursor protein transgenic (APPTg) mice, olfactory-bulbectomized (OBX) mice, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801)-treated mice, senescence-accelated mice and bilaterial common carotid arteries occlusion mice. In a APPTg mouse of AD, nobiletin greatly improved memory impairment, and this was accompanied by a marked decrease in Aβ deposition. Also, in OBX mice memory impairment was markedly recoverd by nobiletin, accompanied by improvement of a decrease indensity of cholinergic neurons. Interestingly, nobiletin improves age-related congnitive impairment and decreased hyperphosphorylation of tau as well as oxidative stress in senescence-accelerated mice. In cultured cells, nobiletin reversed the Aβ-induced inhibition of glutamate-induced increases in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and modulated gen expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein and NMDA resceptor subunits. These results suggest that nobiletin prevents memory impairment and exhibits a protecting action against neurodgeneration in AD model animals. Nobiletin and citrus peels thus have potential as functional foods for prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ohizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Kansei Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University; 1-19-1 Kunimi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-3201, Japan; Yokohama College of Pharmacy; 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
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Inai M, Asakawa T, Kan T. Synthesis of Food Effective Constituents toward the Development for Chemical Biology Investigations. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshiyuki Kan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Lai CS, Wu JC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Disease chemopreventive effects and molecular mechanisms of hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones. Biofactors 2015; 41:301-13. [PMID: 26453173 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent increasing attention in research of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from Citrus genus because of their wide range of biological properties has been reported in various studies. Hydroxylated PMFs are unique flavones and recognized as the methoxy group of PMFs that is substituted for hydroxyl one. Hydroxylated PMFs are naturally existed in citrus peel and other plants as well as occurred as metabolites of their PMFs counterparts. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have documented the chemopreventive effects of hydroxylated PMFs including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection. They function to regulate cell death, proliferation, differentiation, repair, and metabolism through acting on modulation of signaling cascade, gene transcription, and protein function and enzyme activity. The mechanisms of action of hydroxylated PMFs in disease chemoprevention depend on their structure, the number, and position of hydroxyl group. Although the efficacy of hydroxylated PMFs in chemoprevention and the oral bioavailability requires further investigation, they still provide great promise for improving human health. This review highlights the recent published data of hydroxylated PMFs with chemopreventive potential and the underlying mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shu Lai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hippocampal cAMP/PKA/CREB is required for neuroprotective effect of acupuncture. Physiol Behav 2014; 139:482-90. [PMID: 25481359 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture has beneficial effects in vascular dementia (VaD) patients. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether the cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade is involved in the mechanism of acupuncture in cerebral multi-infarction rats. In this study, cerebral multi-infarction was modeled in adult Wistar rats by homologous blood clot emboli. After a two-week acupuncture treatment at Zusanli (ST36), hippocampal-dependent memory was tested by employing a radial arm maze test. The hippocampus was isolated for analyses of cAMP concentration, phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and CREB/pCREB and ERK/pERK expressions. The Morris water maze (MWM) task and CREB phosphorylation were evaluated in the presence of PKA-selective peptide inhibitor (H89). The radial arm maze test results demonstrated that acupuncture treatment at ST36 reversed hippocampal-dependent memory in impaired animals. Compared to those of the impaired group, cAMP concentration, PKA activity and pCREB and pERK expressions were increased following acupuncture therapy. Finally, the blockade of PKA reversed the increase in CREB phosphorylation and the improvement in recognitive function induced by acupuncture treatment. These results suggest that acupuncture could improve hippocampus function by modulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, which represents a molecular mechanism of acupuncture for recognitive function in cerebral multi-infarction rats.
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Nakajima A, Ohizumi Y, Yamada K. Anti-dementia Activity of Nobiletin, a Citrus Flavonoid: A Review of Animal Studies. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 12:75-82. [PMID: 25191498 PMCID: PMC4153867 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2014.12.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia among the elderly, is characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive function and has a detrimental impact worldwide. Despite intensive laboratory and clinical research over the last three decades, pharmacological options for the prevention and effective long-term treatment of AD are not currently available. Consequently, successful therapeutic and preventive treatments for AD are needed. When researching materials from natural resources having anti-dementia drug activity, we identified nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone from the peel of Citrus depressa. Nobiletin exhibited memory-improving effects in various animal models of dementia and exerted a wide range of beneficial effects against pathological features of AD including amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, cholinergic neurodegeneration and dysfunction of synaptic plasticity-related signaling, suggesting this natural compound could become a novel drug for the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. ; Department of Anti-Dementia Functional Food Development, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. ; Laboratory of Kampo Medicines, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan. ; Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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de Oliveira DR, Zamberlam CR, Gaiardo RB, Rêgo GM, Cerutti JM, Cavalheiro AJ, Cerutti SM. Flavones from Erythrina falcata are modulators of fear memory. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:288. [PMID: 25096710 PMCID: PMC4141959 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Flavonoids, which have been identified in a variety of plants, have been demonstrated to elicit beneficial effects on memory. Some studies have reported that flavonoids derived from Erythrina plants can provide such beneficial effects on memory. The aim of this study was to identify the flavonoids present in the stem bark crude extract of Erythrina falcata (CE) and to perform a bioactivity-guided study on conditioned fear memory. Methods The secondary metabolites of CE were identified by high performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The buthanolic fraction (BuF) was obtained by partitioning. Subfractions from BuF (BuF1 – BuF6) and fraction flavonoidic (FfA and FfB) were obtained by flash chromatography. The BuF3 and BuF4 fractions were used for the isolation of flavonoids, which was performed using HPLC-PAD. The isolated substances were quantified by HPLC-DAD and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The activities of CE and the subfractions were monitored using a one-trial, step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA) task to identify the effects of these substances on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Results Six subclasses of flavonoids were identified for the first time in CE. According to our behavioral data, CE, BuF, BuF3 and BuF4, the flavonoidic fractions, vitexin, isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-diosmetin improved the acquisition of fear memory. Rats treated with BuF, BuF3 and BuF4 were particularly resistant to extinction. Nevertheless, rats treated with FfA and FfB, vitexin, isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-diosmetin exhibited gradual reduction in conditioned fear response during the extinction retest session, which was measured at 48 to 480 h after conditioning. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that vitexin, isovitexin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside and flavonoidic fractions resulted in a significant retention of fear memory but did not prevent the extinction of fear memory. These results further substantiate that the treatment with pure flavonoids or flavanoid-rich fractions might represent potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurocognitive disorders, improvement of memory acquisition and spontaneous recovery of fear.
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Okuyama S, Morita M, Miyoshi K, Nishigawa Y, Kaji M, Sawamoto A, Terugo T, Toyoda N, Makihata N, Amakura Y, Yoshimura M, Nakajima M, Furukawa Y. 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone, a citrus flavonoid, on protection against memory impairment and neuronal cell death in a global cerebral ischemia mouse model. Neurochem Int 2014; 70:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chiou YS, Wu JC, Huang Q, Shahidi F, Wang YJ, Ho CT, Pan MH. Metabolic and colonic microbiota transformation may enhance the bioactivities of dietary polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Yanagihara N, Zhang H, Toyohira Y, Takahashi K, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Takahashi K. New insights into the pharmacological potential of plant flavonoids in the catecholamine system. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:123-8. [PMID: 24492414 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r17cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are biologically active polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants. Recent research has focused on high dietary intake of flavonoids because of their potential to reduce the risks of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. We report here the effects of plant flavonoids on catecholamine signaling in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells used as a model of central and peripheral sympathetic neurons. Daidzein (0.01 - 1.0 μM), a soy isoflavone, stimulated (14)C-catecholamine synthesis through plasma membrane estrogen receptors. Nobiletin (1.0 - 100 μM), a citrus polymethoxy flavone, enhanced (14)C-catecholamine synthesis through the phosphorylation of Ser19 and Ser40 of tyrosine hydroxylase, which was associated with (45)Ca(2+) influx and catecholamine secretion. Treatment with genistein (0.01 - 10 μM), another isoflavone, but not daidzein, enhanced [(3)H]noradrenaline uptake by SK-N-SH cells, a human noradrenergic neuroblastoma cell line. Daidzein as well as nobiletin (≥ 1.0 μM) inhibited catecholamine synthesis and secretion induced by acetylcholine, a physiological secretagogue. The present review shows that plant flavonoids have various pharmacological potentials on the catecholamine system in adrenal medullary cells, and probably also in sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Enthaler S, Weidauer M, Irran E, Epping JD, Kretschmer R, Someya CI. Exploring the reactivity of nickel complexes in hydrodecyanation reactions. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Citrus flavonoid improves MK-801-induced locomotive hyperactivity: Possible relevance to schizophrenia. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Wei GJ, Sheen JF, Lu WC, Hwang LS, Ho CT, Lin CI. Identification of sinensetin metabolites in rat urine by an isotope-labeling method and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5016-5021. [PMID: 23647150 DOI: 10.1021/jf3046768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sinensetin (SIN), one of the major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) contained mainly in the citrus peels, has been reported to possess various bioactivities, including antifungal, antimutagenic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although the biotransformation of SIN in fungi and insects has been reported, the information about the metabolism of SIN in mammals is still unclear. In this study, formation of SIN metabolites in rats was investigated. Four isotope-labeled SINs ([4'-D3]SIN, [3'-D3]SIN, [5-D3]SIN, and [6-D3]SIN) were synthesized and administered to rat. The urine samples were collected and main metabolites were monitored by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The administered compound and four SIN metabolites were detected in rat urine. These metabolites were identified as 4'-hydroxy-5,6,7,3'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 6-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, and 7-hydroxy-5,6,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guor-Jien Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan 338, Taiwan.
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Okuyama S, Shimada N, Kaji M, Morita M, Miyoshi K, Minami S, Amakura Y, Yoshimura M, Yoshida T, Watanabe S, Nakajima M, Furukawa Y. Heptamethoxyflavone, a citrus flavonoid, enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and neurogenesis in the hippocampus following cerebral global ischemia in mice. Neurosci Lett 2012; 528:190-5. [PMID: 22985518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study using a transient global ischemia mouse model, we showed that (1) a citrus flavonoid 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF) induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus after ischemia; (2) HMF increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a representative neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and most BDNF-positive cells were also stained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (one of the major intermediate filament proteins of mature astrocytes) and (3) HMF increased doublecortin positive neuronal precursor cells in the dentate gyrus subventricular zone or subgranular zone. These results suggest that HMF has the ability to induce BDNF production in astrocytes and enhance neurogenesis after brain ischemia, which may be mediated by activation of ERK1/2 and CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
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Sudachitin, a polymethoxyflavone from Citrus sudachi, suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophage-like RAW264 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:598-600. [PMID: 22451408 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although some polymethoxyflavones possess several important biological properties, including neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory ones, sudachitin, a polymethoxyflavone from Citrus sudachi, has been little studied. In this study, we found that sudachitin inhibited nitric oxide production by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, indicating that sudachitin has an anti-inflammatory effect.
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41
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Surichan S, Androutsopoulos VP, Sifakis S, Koutala E, Tsatsakis A, Arroo RRJ, Boarder MR. Bioactivation of the citrus flavonoid nobiletin by CYP1 enzymes in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3320-8. [PMID: 22743247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated cytochrome P450 CYP1-mediated metabolism and CYP1-enzyme induction by naturally occurring flavonoids in cancer cell line models. The arising metabolites often exhibit higher activity than the parent compound. In the present study we investigated the CYP1-mediated metabolism of the citrus polymethoxyflavone nobiletin by recombinant CYP1 enzymes and MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Incubation of nobiletin in MCF7 cells produced one main metabolite (NM1) resulting from O-demethylation in either A or B rings of the flavone moiety. Among the three CYP1 isoforms, CYP1A1 exhibited the highest rate of metabolism of nobiletin in recombinant CYP microsomal enzymes. The intracellular CYP1-mediated bioconversion of the flavone was reduced in the presence of the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1-selective inhibitors α-napthoflavone and acacetin. In addition nobiletin induced CYP1 enzyme activity, CYP1A1 protein and CYP1B1 mRNA levels in MCF7 cells at a concentration dependent manner. MTT assays in MCF7 cells further revealed that nobiletin exhibited significantly lower IC50 (44 μM) compared to cells treated with nobiletin and CYP1A1 inhibitor (69 μM). FACS analysis demonstrated cell a cycle block at G1 phase that was attenuated in the presence of CYP1A1 inhibitor. Taken together the data suggests that the dietary flavonoid nobiletin induces its own metabolism and in turn enhances its cytostatic effect in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, via CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchaiya Surichan
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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42
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Isolation and characterization of activators of ERK/MAPK from citrus plants. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1832-1845. [PMID: 22408427 PMCID: PMC3291996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, have been recently shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity and in the development of long-term memory in the central nervous system (CNS). We therefore examined the ability of Citrus compounds to activate ERK1/2 in cultured rat cortical neurons, whose activation might have a protective effect against neurodegenerative neurological disorders. Among the samples tested, extracts prepared from the peels of Citrus grandis (Kawachi bankan) were found to have the greatest ability to activate ERK1/2. The active substances were isolated by chromatographic separation, and one of them was identified to be 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF). HMF significantly induced the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a downstream target of activated ERK1/2, which appears to be a critical step in the signaling cascade for the structural changes underlying the development of long-term potentiation (LTP). In addition, the administration of HMF into mice treated with NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 restored the MK-801-induced deterioration of spatial learning performance in the Morris mater-maze task. Taken together, these results suggest that HMF is a neurotrophic agent for treating patients with memory disorders.
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43
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The ameliorating effects of stigmasterol on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 676:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Su JD, Yen JH, Li S, Weng CY, Lin MH, Ho CT, Wu MJ. 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin induces phase II detoxification gene expression and modulates PI3K/Akt signaling in PC12 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:126-41. [PMID: 22064360 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered a major cause of neurodegenerative disorders. In this work, we investigated the cytoprotective effects and mechanisms of the citrus flavonoid nobiletin (NOB) and its metabolite, 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin (3',4'-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone; DTF), in PC12 cells. Both NOB and DTF exhibited strong potency in attenuating serum withdrawal- and H(2)O(2)-caused cell death and increased intracellular GSH level via upregulation of both catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). However, only DTF suppressed intracellular ROS accumulation in H(2)O(2)-treated cells, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and enhanced nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binding to the ARE. Nevertheless, DTF-mediated HO-1 upregulation was independent of Nrf2 activation because knockdown of Nrf2 expression by siRNA did not affect its expression. DTF suppressed NF-κB activation, and addition of NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or Bay 11-7082, synergistically enhanced DTF-mediated HO-1 expression, indicating that HO-1 induction is associated with NF-κB suppression. NOB and DTF also activated the ERK, JNK, and Akt pathways in PC12 cells that had undergone serum starvation. Addition of pharmacological kinase inhibitors, U0126, SP600125, and LY294002, caused cytotoxicity and the last significantly attenuated NOB- and DTF-mediated antiapoptotic actions, indicating the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling in their cytoprotective effects. In conclusion, HO-1 and GCL upregulation and intrinsic ROS-scavenging activity may contribute to DTF-mediated cytoprotection. Furthermore, modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling is involved in channeling the DTF stimulus for cell survival against oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Dian Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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45
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Neurotrophic effect of citrus 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone: promotion of neurite outgrowth via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in PC12 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28280. [PMID: 22140566 PMCID: PMC3226691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone (5-OH-HxMF), a hydroxylated polymethoxyflavone, is found exclusively in the Citrus genus, particularly in the peels of sweet orange. In this research, we report the first investigation of the neurotrophic effects and mechanism of 5-OH-HxMF in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. We found that 5-OH-HxMF can effectively induce PC12 neurite outgrowth accompanied with the expression of neuronal differentiation marker protein growth-associated protein-43(GAP-43). 5-OH-HxMF caused the enhancement of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, c-fos gene expression and CRE-mediated transcription, which was inhibited by 2-naphthol AS-E phosphate (KG-501), a specific antagonist for the CREB-CBP complex formation. Moreover, 5-OH-HxMF-induced both CRE transcription activity and neurite outgrowth were inhibited by adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, but not MEK1/2, protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) inhibitor. Consistently, 5-OH-HxMF treatment increased the intracellular cAMP level and downstream component, PKA activity. We also found that addition of K252a, a TrKA antagonist, significantly inhibited NGF- but not 5-OH-HxMF-induced neurite outgrowth. These results reveal for the first time that 5-OH-HxMF is an effective neurotrophic agent and its effect is mainly through a cAMP/PKA-dependent, but TrKA-independent, signaling pathway coupling with CRE-mediated gene transcription. A PKC-dependent and CREB-independent pathway was also involved in its neurotrophic action.
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Koga N, Ohta C, Kato Y, Haraguchi K, Endo T, Ogawa K, Ohta H, Yano M. In vitro metabolism of nobiletin, a polymethoxy-flavonoid, by human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:927-33. [PMID: 21726170 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.593208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the liver metabolize drugs prior to excretion, with different enzymes acting at different molecular motifs. At present, the human CYPs responsible for the metabolism of the flavonoid, nobiletin (NBL), are unidentified. We investigated which enzymes were involved using human liver microsomes and 12 cDNA-expressed human CYPs. Human liver microsomes metabolized NBL to three mono-demethylated metabolites (4'-OH-, 7-OH- and 6-OH-NBL) with a relative ratio of 1:4.1:0.5, respectively, by aerobic incubation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Of 12 human CYPs, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 showed high activity for the formation of 4'-OH-NBL. CYP3A4 catalyzed the formation of 7-OH-NBL with the highest activity and of 6-OH-NBL with lower activity. CYP3A5 also catalyzed the formation of both metabolites but considerably more slowly than CYP3A4. In contrast, seven CYPs (CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1) were inactive for NBL. Both ketoconazole and troleandomycin (CYP3A inhibitors) almost completely inhibited the formation of 7-OH- and 6-OH-NBL. Similarly, α-naphthoflavone (CYP1A1 inhibitor) and furafylline (CYP1A2 inhibitor) significantly decreased the formation of 4'-OH-NBL. These results suggest that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the key enzymes in human liver mediating the oxidative demethylation of NBL in the B-ring and A-ring, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Koga
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Oshitari T, Okuyama Y, Miyata Y, Kosano H, Takahashi H, Natsugari H. Nobiletin metabolites: synthesis and inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinase-9 production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4540-4. [PMID: 21723726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A divergent synthesis of nobiletin metabolites was developed through highly oxygenated acetophenone derivative. We used commercially available methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate as a starting material for concise preparation of the key intermediate, 2'-hydroxy-3',4',5',6'-tetramethoxyacetophenone (I). These metabolites showed strong inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in human lens epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuta Oshitari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Midori-ku, Sgamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Weng MS, Liao CH, Yu SY, Lin JK. Garcinol promotes neurogenesis in rat cortical progenitor cells through the duration of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1031-1040. [PMID: 21214247 DOI: 10.1021/jf104263s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative found in Garcinia indica fruit rind and other species. The potential antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of garcinol in rat cortical astrocyte were demonstrated in our laboratory recently. Here, the effects of garcinol on the neuritogenesis process in cultured cortical progenitor cells were investigated to understand the roles of garcinol in neuronal survival and differentiation. These cells, derived from embryonic day 17 rats, differentiated into EGF-responsive neural precursor cells, would further form neurospheres. Our data exhibited garcinol induced neurite outgrowth in early developing EGF-treated neurospheres and significantly enhanced the expression of neuronal proteins, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Furthermore, the neuronal marker, high-molecular-weight subunit of neurofilaments (NFH), was highly expressed after 5 μM garcinol treatment in neural precursor cells for 20 days. To identify the extracellular mechanism, rat cortical progenitor cells were treated garcinol and accordingly mediated the sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) for different periods up to 20 h. In this regard, NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx led to excitotoxic death and activated tyrosine phosphatase which limited the duration of ERK in cultured neurons. MK801, the NMDA receptor antagonist, treatment also induced the sustained phosphorylation of ERK and therefore enhanced neuronal survival. In our observation, garcinol treatment reduced growth factor deprivation-mediated cell death and nuclear import of C/EBPβ levels. Noteworthy, garcinol could promote neurite outgrowth in EGF-responsive neural precursor cells and modulate the ERK pathway in the enhancement of neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shih Weng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Manthey JA, Cesar TB, Jackson E, Mertens-Talcott S. Pharmacokinetic study of nobiletin and tangeretin in rat serum by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:145-151. [PMID: 21133365 DOI: 10.1021/jf1033224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) and tangeretin (TAN), two of the main polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) in citrus, influence a number of key biological pathways in mammalian cells. Although the impacts of NOB and TAN on glucose homeostasis and cholesterol regulation have been investigated in human clinical trials, much information is still lacking about the metabolism and oral bioavailability of these compounds in animals. In this study, NOB and TAN were administered to rats by gavage and intraperitoneal (ip) injection, and the blood serum concentrations of these compounds and their main metabolites were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). In addition to the administered compounds, two metabolites of TAN and eight metabolites of NOB were detected and measured over 24 h. With identical oral doses, nearly 10-fold higher absorption of NOB occurred compared to TAN. For both compounds, maximum levels of glucuronidated metabolites occurred in the blood serum at later time points (∼5-8 h) compared to the earlier T(max) values for NOB and TAN. In most cases the glucuronides occurred at substantially higher concentrations than the aglycone metabolites. Low levels of NOB and TAN and their metabolites were detectable in rat blood serum even at 24 h after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Manthey
- Citrus and Subtropical Products Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Winter Haven, Florida 33881, USA.
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50
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Asakawa T, Hiza A, Nakayama M, Inai M, Oyama D, Koide H, Shimizu K, Wakimoto T, Harada N, Tsukada H, Oku N, Kan T. PET imaging of nobiletin based on a practical total synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2868-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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