1
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Ludwig-Husemann A, Schertl P, Shrivastava A, Geckle U, Hafner J, Schaarschmidt F, Willenbacher N, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Lee-Thedieck C. A Multifunctional Nanostructured Hydrogel as a Platform for Deciphering Niche Interactions of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304157. [PMID: 38870600 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
For over half a century, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been used for transplantation therapy to treat severe hematologic diseases. Successful outcomes depend on collecting sufficient donor HSCs as well as ensuring efficient engraftment. These processes are influenced by dynamic interactions of HSCs with the bone marrow niche, which can be revealed by artificial niche models. Here, a multifunctional nanostructured hydrogel is presented as a 2D platform to investigate how the interdependencies of cytokine binding and nanopatterned adhesive ligands influence the behavior of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The results indicate that the degree of HSPC polarization and motility, observed when cultured on gels presenting the chemokine SDF-1α and a nanoscale-defined density of a cellular (IDSP) or extracellular matrix (LDV) α4β1 integrin binding motif, are differently influenced on hydrogels functionalized with the different ligand types. Further, SDF-1α promotes cell polarization but not motility. Strikingly, the degree of differentiation correlates negatively with the nanoparticle spacing, which determines ligand density, but only for the cellular-derived IDSP motif. This mechanism potentially offers a means of predictably regulating early HSC fate decisions. Consequently, the innovative multifunctional hydrogel holds promise for deciphering dynamic HSPC-niche interactions and refining transplantation therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ludwig-Husemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Schertl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ananya Shrivastava
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Geckle
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Johanna Hafner
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Schaarschmidt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Wu DT, Diba M, Yang S, Freedman BR, Elosegui‐Artola A, Mooney DJ. Hydrogel viscoelasticity modulates migration and fusion of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10464. [PMID: 37206235 PMCID: PMC10189430 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids made of stem cells can act as building blocks that fuse to capture complex aspects of native in vivo environments, but the effect of hydrogel viscoelasticity on cell migration from spheroids and their fusion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of viscoelasticity on migration and fusion behavior of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids using hydrogels with a similar elasticity but different stress relaxation profiles. Fast relaxing (FR) matrices were found to be significantly more permissive to cell migration and consequent fusion of MSC spheroids. Mechanistically, inhibition of ROCK and Rac1 pathways prevented cell migration. Moreover, the combination of biophysical and biochemical cues provided by fast relaxing hydrogels and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) supplementation, respectively, resulted in a synergistic enhancement of migration and fusion. Overall, these findings emphasize the important role of matrix viscoelasticity in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies based on spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Wu
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mani Diba
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Dentistry‐Regenerative BiomaterialsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Yang
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Benjamin R. Freedman
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alberto Elosegui‐Artola
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of PhysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - David J. Mooney
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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3
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Benk LT, Benk AS, Lira RB, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Dimova R, Lipowsky R, Geiger B, Spatz JP. Integrin α
IIb
β
3
Activation and Clustering in Minimal Synthetic Cells. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia T. Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Amelie S. Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rafael B. Lira
- Theory & Bio-Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Molecular Biophysics Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory & Bio-Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory & Bio-Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE) Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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4
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Pinheiro RGR, Coutinho AJ, Pinheiro M, Neves AR. Nanoparticles for Targeted Brain Drug Delivery: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111654. [PMID: 34769082 PMCID: PMC8584083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier that separates the blood from the brain tissue and possesses unique characteristics that make the delivery of drugs to the brain a great challenge. To achieve this purpose, it is necessary to design strategies to allow BBB passage, in order to reach the brain and target the desired anatomic region. The use of nanomedicine has great potential to overcome this problem, since one can modify nanoparticles with strategic molecules that can interact with the BBB and induce uptake through the brain endothelial cells and consequently reach the brain tissue. This review addresses the potential of nanomedicines to treat neurological diseases by using nanoparticles specially developed to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben G. R. Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Joyce Coutinho
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rute Neves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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5
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Reconstitution of Functional Integrin αIIbβ3 and Its Activation in Plasma Membrane-Mimetic Lipid Environments. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070499. [PMID: 34209233 PMCID: PMC8304682 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of the platelet receptor integrin αIIbβ3 in a membrane-mimetic environment without interfering signalling pathways is crucial to understand protein structure and dynamics. Our understanding of this receptor and its sequential activation steps has been tremendously progressing using structural and reconstitution approaches in model membranes, such as liposomes or supported-lipid bilayers. For most αIIbβ3 reconstitution approaches, saturated short-chain lipids have been used, which is not reflecting the native platelet cell membrane composition. We report here on the reconstitution of label-free full-length αIIbβ3 in liposomes containing cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine mimicking the plasma membrane that formed supported-lipid bilayers for quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) experiments. We demonstrate the relevance of the lipid environment and its resulting physicochemical properties on integrin reconstitution efficiency and its conformational dynamics. We present here an approach to investigate αIIbβ3 in a biomimetic membrane system as a useful platform do dissect disease-relevant integrin mutations and effects on ligand binding in a lipid-specific context, which might be applicable for drug screening.
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6
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Souissi M, Pernier J, Rossier O, Giannone G, Le Clainche C, Helfer E, Sengupta K. Integrin-Functionalised Giant Unilamellar Vesicles via Gel-Assisted Formation: Good Practices and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6335. [PMID: 34199292 PMCID: PMC8231826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) are powerful tools to explore physics and biochemistry of the cell membrane in controlled conditions. For example, GUVs were extensively used to probe cell adhesion, but often using non-physiological linkers, due to the difficulty of incorporating transmembrane adhesion proteins into model membranes. Here we describe a new protocol for making GUVs incorporating the transmembrane protein integrin using gel-assisted swelling. We report an optimised protocol, enumerating the pitfalls encountered and precautions to be taken to maintain the robustness of the protocol. We characterise intermediate steps of small proteoliposome formation and the final formed GUVs. We show that the integrin molecules are successfully incorporated and are functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Souissi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINAM), Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (J.P.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Olivier Rossier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (O.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Gregory Giannone
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (O.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (J.P.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Emmanuèle Helfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINAM), Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINAM), Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France;
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7
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Martens U, Janke U, Möller S, Talbot D, Abou-Hassan A, Delcea M. Interaction of fibrinogen-magnetic nanoparticle bioconjugates with integrin reconstituted into artificial membranes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19918-19930. [PMID: 32986054 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04181e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have a broad spectrum of biomedical applications including cell separation, diagnostics and therapy. One key issue is little explored: how do the engineered nanoparticles interact with blood components after injection? The formation of bioconjugates in the bloodstream and subsequent reactions are potentially toxic due to the ability to induce an immune response. The understanding of the underlying processes is of major relevance to design not only efficient, but also safe nanoparticles for e.g. targeted drug delivery applications. In this study, we report on maghemite nanoparticles functionalized with citrate-, dextran- and polyethylene glycol coatings and their interaction with the clotting protein fibrinogen. Further, we investigate using biophysical tools (e.g. dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance) the interaction of the magnetic nanoparticles-fibrinogen bioconjugates with artificial cell membranes as a model system for blood platelets. We found that fibrinogen corona formation provides colloidal stability to maghemite nanoparticles. In addition, bioconjugates of fibrinogen with dextran- and citrate-coated NPs interact with integrin-containing lipid bilayer, especially upon treatment with divalent ions, whereas PEG-coating reveals minor interaction. Our study at the interface of protein-conjugated nanoparticles and artificial cell membranes is essential for engineering safe nanoparticles for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Martens
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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8
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Wong WC, Juo JY, Lin CH, Liao YH, Cheng CY, Hsieh CL. Characterization of Single-Protein Dynamics in Polymer-Cushioned Lipid Bilayers Derived from Cell Plasma Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6492-6504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Cheng Wong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jz-Yuan Juo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ya Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Göpfrich K, Haller B, Staufer O, Dreher Y, Mersdorf U, Platzman I, Spatz JP. One-Pot Assembly of Complex Giant Unilamellar Vesicle-Based Synthetic Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:937-947. [PMID: 31042361 PMCID: PMC6528161 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we introduce
a one-pot method for the bottom-up assembly
of complex single- and multicompartment synthetic cells. Cellular
components are enclosed within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs),
produced at the milliliter scale directly from small unilamellar vesicles
(SUVs) or proteoliposomes with only basic laboratory equipment within
minutes. Toward this end, we layer an aqueous solution, containing
SUVs and all biocomponents, on top of an oil–surfactant mix.
Manual shaking induces the spontaneous formation of surfactant-stabilized
water-in-oil droplets with a spherical supported lipid bilayer at
their periphery. Finally, to release GUV-based synthetic cells from
the oil and the surfactant shell into the physiological environment,
we add an aqueous buffer and a droplet-destabilizing agent. We prove
that the obtained GUVs are unilamellar by reconstituting the pore-forming
membrane protein α-hemolysin and assess the membrane quality
with cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), fluorescence
recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and zeta-potential measurements
as well as confocal fluorescence imaging. We further demonstrate that
our GUV formation method overcomes key challenges of standard techniques,
offering high volumes, a flexible choice of lipid compositions and
buffer conditions, straightforward coreconstitution of proteins, and
a high encapsulation efficiency of biomolecules and even large cargo
including cells. We thereby provide a simple, robust, and broadly
applicable strategy to mass-produce complex multicomponent GUVs for
high-throughput testing in synthetic biology and biomedicine, which
can directly be implemented in laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Göpfrich
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Haller
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oskar Staufer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Dreher
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mersdorf
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Del Valle LJ, Alemán C. Biomimetic hybrid membranes: incorporation of transport proteins/peptides into polymer supports. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2722-2736. [PMID: 30869096 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular sensing, water purification and desalination, drug delivery, and DNA sequencing are some striking applications of biomimetic hybrid membranes. These devices take advantage of biomolecules, which have gained excellence in their specificity and efficiency during billions of years, and of artificial materials that load the purified biological molecules and provide technological properties, such as robustness, scalability, and suitable nanofeatures to confine the biomolecules. Recent methodological advances allow more precise control of polymer membranes that support the biomacromolecules, and are expected to improve the design of the next generation of membranes as well as their applicability. In the first section of this review we explain the biological relevance of membranes, membrane proteins, and the classification used for the latter. After this, we critically analyse the different approaches employed for the production of highly selective hybrid membranes, focusing on novel materials made of self-assembled block copolymers and nanostructured polymers. Finally, a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodologies is presented and the main characteristics of biomimetic hybrid membranes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain. and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. C, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J Del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain. and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. C, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain. and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. C, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Clarkson CG, Johnson A, Leggett GJ, Geoghegan M. Slow polymer diffusion on brush-patterned surfaces in aqueous solution. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6052-6061. [PMID: 30869707 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A model system for the investigation of diffusional transport in compartmentalized nanosystems is described. Arrays of "corrals" enclosed within poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) "walls" were fabricated using double-exposure interferometric lithography to deprotect aminosilane films protected by a nitrophenyl group. In exposed regions, removal of the nitrophenyl group enabled attachment of an initiator for the atom-transfer radical polymerization of end-grafted POEGMA (brushes). Diffusion coefficients for poly(ethylene glycol) in these corrals were obtained by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Two modes of surface diffusion were observed: one which is similar to diffusion on the unpatterned surface and a very slow mode of surface diffusion that becomes increasingly important as confinement increases. Diffusion within the POEGMA brushes does not significantly contribute to the results.
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12
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Zapp C, Minsky BB, Boehm H. Tuning RGD Motif and Hyaluronan Density to Study Integrin Binding. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1022. [PMID: 30131707 PMCID: PMC6090076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-controlled surfaces with immobilized substrates enable novel approaches to investigate specific aspects of biological processes related to cell adhesion or motility. A subset of integrins, cellular transmembrane glycoproteins, recognize the evolutionarily conserved tripeptide sequence RGD, and anchor cells to their surrounding proteins as well as mediate bidirectional signaling. In this study, the main question was how co-presentation of hyaluronan (HA), an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the RGD motif affect integrin binding. We report a method to prepare self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces, co-presenting the cell adhesive RGD motif and small HA molecules, to investigate integrin containing proteoliposome binding. This technique enables an independent adjustment of the RGD motif and HA density while maintaining a passivating background: Layer formation and subsequent interactions with αIIbβ3 integrins, which are reconstituted in liposomes, was monitored by label-free quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Exceeding a critical RGD motif density of 40% results in enhanced binding of proteoliposomes. Co-presentation studies with varying HA and constant RGD motif density demonstrate that marginal amounts of HA are sufficient to prevent integrin binding. These findings are of specific importance in relation to cancer cell microenvironments, which show highly enriched HA in the surrounding ECM to reduce adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Zapp
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burcu B Minsky
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Boehm
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Koçer G, Jonkheijm P. About Chemical Strategies to Fabricate Cell-Instructive Biointerfaces with Static and Dynamic Complexity. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701192. [PMID: 29717821 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Properly functioning cell-instructive biointerfaces are critical for healthy integration of biomedical devices in the body and serve as decisive tools for the advancement of our understanding of fundamental cell biological phenomena. Studies are reviewed that use covalent chemistries to fabricate cell-instructive biointerfaces. These types of biointerfaces typically result in a static presentation of predefined cell-instructive cues. Chemically defined, but dynamic cell-instructive biointerfaces introduce spatiotemporal control over cell-instructive cues and present another type of biointerface, which promises a more biomimetic way to guide cell behavior. Therefore, strategies that offer control over the lateral sorting of ligands, the availability and molecular structure of bioactive ligands, and strategies that offer the ability to induce physical, chemical and mechanical changes in situ are reviewed. Specific attention is paid to state-of-the-art studies on dynamic, cell-instructive 3D materials. Future work is expected to further deepen our understanding of molecular and cellular biological processes investigating cell-type specific responses and the translational steps toward targeted in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülistan Koçer
- TechMed Centre and MESA Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- TechMed Centre and MESA Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
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14
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Campos LCG, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Menegon AS, Barauna VG, Miyakawa AA, Krieger JE. Cyclic stretch-induced Crp3 sensitizes vascular smooth muscle cells to apoptosis during vein arterialization remodeling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:CS20171601. [PMID: 29437853 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vein graft failure limits the long-term patency of the saphenous vein used as a conduit for coronary artery bypass graft. Early graft adaptation involves some degree of intima hyperplasia to sustain the hemodynamic stress, but the progress to occlusion in some veins remains unclear. We have demonstrated that stretch-induced up-regulation of cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (Crp3) in rat jugular vein and human saphenous vein in response to arterialization. Here, we developed a Crp3-KO rat to investigate the role of Crp3 in vascular remodeling. After 28 days jugular vein arterialization, the intima layer was 3-fold thicker in the Crp3-KO that showed comparable smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation but an absence of early apoptosis observed in the wild-type rat (WT). We then investigated the role of Crp3 in early integrin-mediated signaling apoptosis in isolated jugular SMC. Interestingly, under basal conditions, ceramide treatment failed to induce apoptosis in both WT and Crp3-KO SMC. Under stretch, Crp3 expression increased in WT SMC and ceramide induced apoptosis. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that ceramide stretch-induced apoptosis in SMC is accompanied by a decrease in the phosphorylation status of both Fak and Akt, leading to an increase in Bax expression and caspase-3 cleavage. In contrast, ceramide failed to decrease Fak and Akt phosphorylation in Crp3-KO SMC and, therefore, there was no downstream induction of Bax expression and effector caspase-3 cleavage. Taken together, we provide evidence that stretch-induced Crp3 modulates vein remodeling in response to arterialization by sensitizing SMC to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ayumi Aurea Miyakawa
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Eduardo Krieger
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
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15
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Weiss M, Frohnmayer JP, Benk LT, Haller B, Janiesch JW, Heitkamp T, Börsch M, Lira RB, Dimova R, Lipowsky R, Bodenschatz E, Baret JC, Vidakovic-Koch T, Sundmacher K, Platzman I, Spatz JP. Sequential bottom-up assembly of mechanically stabilized synthetic cells by microfluidics. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:89-96. [PMID: 29035355 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Compartments for the spatially and temporally controlled assembly of biological processes are essential towards cellular life. Synthetic mimics of cellular compartments based on lipid-based protocells lack the mechanical and chemical stability to allow their manipulation into a complex and fully functional synthetic cell. Here, we present a high-throughput microfluidic method to generate stable, defined sized liposomes termed 'droplet-stabilized giant unilamellar vesicles (dsGUVs)'. The enhanced stability of dsGUVs enables the sequential loading of these compartments with biomolecules, namely purified transmembrane and cytoskeleton proteins by microfluidic pico-injection technology. This constitutes an experimental demonstration of a successful bottom-up assembly of a compartment with contents that would not self-assemble to full functionality when simply mixed together. Following assembly, the stabilizing oil phase and droplet shells are removed to release functional self-supporting protocells to an aqueous phase, enabling them to interact with physiologically relevant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Weiss
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Patrick Frohnmayer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Theresa Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Haller
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Willi Janiesch
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heitkamp
- Single-Molecule Microscopy Group, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Börsch
- Single-Molecule Microscopy Group, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eberhard Bodenschatz
- Laboratory for Fluid Dynamics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Baret
- Droplets, Membranes and Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Soft Micro Systems, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Tanja Vidakovic-Koch
- Process System Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Process System Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Virtually all cells in the organism secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles that transport and deliver payloads of proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells, thus playing central roles in cell-cell communications. Exosomes, nanosized EVs of endosomal origin, regulate many pathophysiological processes including immune responses and inflammation, tumour growth, and infection. Healthy subjects and patients with different diseases release exosomes with different RNA and protein contents into the circulation, which can be measured as biomarkers. The discovery of exosomes as natural carriers of functional small RNA and proteins has raised great interest in the drug delivery field, as it may be possible to harness these vesicles for therapeutic delivery of miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, lncRNA, peptides, and synthetic drugs. However, systemically delivered exosomes accumulate in liver, kidney, and spleen. Targeted exosomes can be obtained by displaying targeting molecules, such as peptides or antibody fragments recognizing target antigens, on the outer surface of exosomes. Display of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored nanobodies on EVs is a novel technique that enables EV display of a variety of proteins including antibodies, reporter proteins, and signaling molecules. However, naturally secreted exosomes show limited pharmaceutical acceptability. Engineered exosome mimetics that incorporate desirable components of natural exosomes into synthetic liposomes or nanoparticles, and are assembled using controllable procedures may be more acceptable pharmaceutically. In this communication, we review the current understanding of physiological and pathophysiological roles of exosomes, their potential applications as diagnostic markers, and current efforts to develop improved exosome-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland; Dept. of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Hartel AJW, Glogger M, Jones NG, Abuillan W, Batram C, Hermann A, Fenz SF, Tanaka M, Engstler M. N-glycosylation enables high lateral mobility of GPI-anchored proteins at a molecular crowding threshold. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12870. [PMID: 27641538 PMCID: PMC5031801 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein density in biological membranes can be extraordinarily high, but the impact of molecular crowding on the diffusion of membrane proteins has not been studied systematically in a natural system. The diversity of the membrane proteome of most cells may preclude systematic studies. African trypanosomes, however, feature a uniform surface coat that is dominated by a single type of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Here we study the density-dependence of the diffusion of different glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored VSG-types on living cells and in artificial membranes. Our results suggest that a specific molecular crowding threshold (MCT) limits diffusion and hence affects protein function. Obstacles in the form of heterologous proteins compromise the diffusion coefficient and the MCT. The trypanosome VSG-coat operates very close to its MCT. Importantly, our experiments show that N-linked glycans act as molecular insulators that reduce retarding intermolecular interactions allowing membrane proteins to function correctly even when densely packed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J. W. Hartel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Marius Glogger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Nicola G. Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Wasim Abuillan
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christopher Batram
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Anne Hermann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Susanne F. Fenz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Markus Engstler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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18
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Marturano JE, Schiele NR, Schiller ZA, Galassi TV, Stoppato M, Kuo CK. Embryonically inspired scaffolds regulate tenogenically differentiating cells. J Biomech 2016; 49:3281-3288. [PMID: 27641547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries heal as scar tissue with significant dysfunction and propensity to re-injure, motivating efforts to develop stem cell-based therapies for tendon regeneration. For these therapies to succeed, effective cues to guide tenogenesis are needed. Our aim is to identify these cues within the embryonic tendon microenvironment. We recently demonstrated embryonic tendon elastic modulus increases during development and is substantially lower than in adult. Here, we examined how these embryonic mechanical properties influence tenogenically differentiating cells, by culturing embryonic tendon progenitor cells (TPCs) within alginate gel scaffolds fabricated with embryonic tendon mechanical properties. We showed that nano- and microscale moduli of RGD-functionalized alginate gels can be tailored to that of embryonic tendons by adjusting polymer concentration and crosslink density. These gels differentially regulated morphology of encapsulated TPCs as a function of initial elastic modulus. Additionally, higher initial elastic moduli elicited higher mRNA levels of scleraxis and collagen type XII but lower levels of collagen type I, whereas late tendon markers tenomodulin and collagen type III were unaffected. Our results demonstrate the potential to engineer scaffolds with embryonic mechanical properties and to use these scaffolds to regulate the behavior of tenogenically differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Marturano
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Nathan R Schiele
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Zachary A Schiller
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Thomas V Galassi
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Matteo Stoppato
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Catherine K Kuo
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 215 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
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19
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Hu SK, Huang LT, Chao L. Membrane species mobility under in-lipid-membrane forced convection. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6954-6963. [PMID: 27476605 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Processing and managing cell membrane proteins for characterization while maintaining their intact structure is challenging. Hydrodynamic flow has been used to transport membrane species in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) where the hydrophobic cores of the membrane species can be protected during processing. However, the forced convection mechanism of species embedded in lipid bilayers is still unclear. Developing a controlled SLB platform with a practical model to predict the membrane species mobility in the platform under in-lipid-membrane forced convection is imperative to ensure the practical applicability of SLBs in processing and managing membrane species with various geometrical properties. The mobility of membrane species is affected by the driving force from the aqueous environment in addition to the frictions from the lipid bilayer, in which both lipid leaflets may exhibit different speeds relative to that of the moving species. In this study, we developed a model, based on the applied driving force and the possible frictional resistances that the membrane species encounter, to predict how the mobility under in-lipid-membrane forced convection is influenced by the sizes of the species' hydrophilic portion in the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic portion embedded in the membrane. In addition, we used a microfluidic device for controlling the flow to arrange the lipid membrane and the tested membrane species in the desirable locations in order to obtain a SLB platform which can provide clear mobility responses of the species without disturbance from the species dispersion effect. The model predictions were consistent with the experimental observations, with the sliding friction coefficient between the upper leaflet and the hydrophilic portion of the species as the only regressed parameter. The result suggests that not only the lateral drag frictions from the lipid layers but also the sliding frictions between the species and the lipid layer planes could significantly influence the species mobility. The consistency between the experimental results and the model predictions suggests that our model based on lateral drag and sliding frictions between the species and the lipid leaflets can be used to describe the mobility of half-transmembrane species. We also demonstrated the possibility of how the scope of this model can be broadened to describe the mobility of transmembrane proteins extending through both lipid leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kai Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Siton-Mendelson O, Bernheim-Groswasser A. Toward the reconstitution of synthetic cell motility. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:461-474. [PMID: 27019160 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1170260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular motility is a fundamental process essential for embryonic development, wound healing, immune responses, and tissues development. Cells are mostly moving by crawling on external, or inside, substrates which can differ in their surface composition, geometry, and dimensionality. Cells can adopt different migration phenotypes, e.g., bleb-based and protrusion-based, depending on myosin contractility, surface adhesion, and cell confinement. In the few past decades, research on cell motility has focused on uncovering the major molecular players and their order of events. Despite major progresses, our ability to infer on the collective behavior from the molecular properties remains a major challenge, especially because cell migration integrates numerous chemical and mechanical processes that are coupled via feedbacks that span over large range of time and length scales. For this reason, reconstituted model systems were developed. These systems allow for full control of the molecular constituents and various system parameters, thereby providing insight into their individual roles and functions. In this review we describe the various reconstituted model systems that were developed in the past decades. Because of the multiple steps involved in cell motility and the complexity of the overall process, most of the model systems focus on very specific aspects of the individual steps of cell motility. Here we describe the main advancement in cell motility reconstitution and discuss the main challenges toward the realization of a synthetic motile cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Siton-Mendelson
- a Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilse Kats Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Anne Bernheim-Groswasser
- a Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilse Kats Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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21
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Gaul V, Lopez SG, Lentz BR, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. The lateral diffusion and fibrinogen induced clustering of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 reconstituted into physiologically mimetic GUVs. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:402-11. [PMID: 25720532 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is a key mediator of platelet activation and thrombosis. Upon activation αIIbβ3 undergoes significant conformational rearrangement, inducing complex bidirectional signalling and protein recruitment leading to platelet activation. Reconstituted lipid models of the integrin can enhance our understanding of the structural and mechanistic details of αIIbβ3 behaviour away from the complexity of the platelet machinery. Here, a novel method of αIIbβ3 insertion into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) is described that allows for effective integrin reconstitution unrestricted by lipid composition. αIIbβ3 was inserted into two GUV lipid compositions that seek to better mimic the platelet membrane. First, "nature's own", comprising 32% DOPC, 25% DOPE, 20% CH, 15% SM and 8% DOPS, intended to mimic the platelet cell membrane. Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy (FLCS) reveals that exposure of the integrin to the activators Mn(2+) or DTT does not influence the diffusion coefficient of αIIbβ3. Similarly, exposure to αIIbβ3's primary ligand fibrinogen (Fg) alone does not affect αIIbβ3's diffusion coefficient. However, addition of Fg with either activator reduces the integrin diffusion coefficient from 2.52 ± 0.29 to μm(2) s(-1) to 1.56 ± 0.26 (Mn(2+)) or 1.49 ± 0.41 μm(2) s(-1) (DTT) which is consistent with aggregation of activated αIIbβ3 induced by fibrinogen binding. The Multichannel Scaler (MCS) trace shows that the integrin-Fg complex diffuses through the confocal volume in clusters. Using the Saffman-Delbrück model as a first approximation, the diffusion coefficient of the complex suggests at least a 20-fold increase in the radius of membrane bound protein, consistent with integrin clustering. Second, αIIbβ3 was also reconstituted into a "raft forming" GUV with well defined liquid disordered (Ld) and liquid ordered (Lo) phases. Using confocal microscopy and lipid partitioning dyes, αIIbβ3 showed an affinity for the DOPC rich Ld phase of the raft forming GUVs, and was effectively excluded from the cholesterol and sphingomyelin rich Lo phase. Activation and Fg binding of the integrin did not alter the distribution of αIIbβ3 between the lipid phases. This observation suggests partitioning of the activated fibrinogen bound αIIbβ3 into cholesterol rich domains is not responsible for the integrin clustering observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinnie Gaul
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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22
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Frohnmayer JP, Brüggemann D, Eberhard C, Neubauer S, Mollenhauer C, Boehm H, Kessler H, Geiger B, Spatz JP. Minimal synthetic cells to study integrin-mediated adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12472-8. [PMID: 26257266 PMCID: PMC4675076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To shed light on cell-adhesion-related molecular pathways, synthetic cells offer the unique advantage of a well-controlled model system with reduced molecular complexity. Herein, we show that liposomes with the reconstituted platelet integrin αIIb β3 as the adhesion-mediating transmembrane protein are a functional minimal cell model for studying cellular adhesion mechanisms in a defined environment. The interaction of these synthetic cells with various extracellular matrix proteins was analyzed using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. The data indicated that integrin was functionally incorporated into the lipid vesicles, thus enabling integrin-specific adhesion of the engineered liposomes to fibrinogen- and fibronectin-functionalized surfaces. Then, we were able to initiate the detachment of integrin liposomes from these surfaces in the presence of the peptide GRGDSP, a process that is even faster with our newly synthesized peptide mimetic SN529, which specifically inhibits the integrin αIIb β3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P Frohnmayer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Dorothea Brüggemann
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Christian Eberhard
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
| | - Christine Mollenhauer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
- CSF Biomaterials and Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
- CSF Biomaterials and Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell BiologyRehovot (Israel)
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of HeidelbergINF 253, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) E-mail:
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24
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Walters NJ, Gentleman E. Evolving insights in cell-matrix interactions: elucidating how non-soluble properties of the extracellular niche direct stem cell fate. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:3-16. [PMID: 25266503 PMCID: PMC5833939 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of soluble messengers in directing cellular behaviours has been recognized for decades. However, many cellular processes, including adhesion, migration and stem cell differentiation, are also governed by chemical and physical interactions with non-soluble components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Among other effects, a cell's perception of nanoscale features such as substrate topography and ligand presentation, and its ability to deform the matrix via the generation of cytoskeletal tension play fundamental roles in these cellular processes. As a result, many biomaterials-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies aim to harness the cell's perception of substrate stiffness and nanoscale features to direct particular behaviours. However, since cell-ECM interactions vary considerably between two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) models, understanding their influence over normal and pathological cell responses in 3-D systems that better mimic the in vivo microenvironment is essential to translate such insights efficiently into medical therapies. This review summarizes the key findings in these areas and discusses how insights from 2-D biomaterials are being used to examine cellular behaviours in more complex 3-D hydrogel systems, in which not only matrix stiffness, but also degradability, plays an important role, and in which defining the nanoscale ligand presentation presents an additional challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick J Walters
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Craniofacial Development & Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Basit H, Gaul V, Maher S, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Aqueous-filled polymer microcavity arrays: versatile & stable lipid bilayer platforms offering high lateral mobility to incorporated membrane proteins. Analyst 2015; 140:3012-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A robust new supported cell membrane model is described comprising lipid bilayers supported on aqueous filled spherical cap pores in PDMS, both lipid and reconstituted membrane proteins diffuse unhindered by the underlying support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Basit
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Vinnie Gaul
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Sean Maher
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
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26
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Brüggemann D, Frohnmayer JP, Spatz JP. Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1193-202. [PMID: 25161853 PMCID: PMC4142981 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, wound healing and tumor progression are based on cell adhesion. Amongst different cell adhesion molecules, the integrin receptors play a very significant role. Over the past decades the function and signalling of various such integrins have been studied by incorporating the proteins into lipid membranes. These proteolipid structures lay the foundation for the development of artificial cells, which are able to adhere to substrates. To build biomimetic models for studying cell shape and spreading, actin networks can be incorporated into lipid vesicles, too. We here review the mechanisms of integrin-mediated cell adhesion and recent advances in the field of minimal cells towards synthetic adhesion. We focus on reconstituting integrins into lipid structures for mimicking cell adhesion and on the incorporation of actin networks and talin into model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Brüggemann
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes P Frohnmayer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Shao Y, Fu J. Integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for cell mechanics and mechanobiology: a materials perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1494-533. [PMID: 24339188 PMCID: PMC4076293 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials in the last two decades has empowered materials scientists and bioengineers to precisely control different aspects of the in vitro cell microenvironment. Following a philosophy of reductionism, many studies using synthetic functional biomaterials have revealed instructive roles of individual extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues in regulating cellular behaviors. Development of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials to study complex and emergent biological phenomena has also thrived rapidly in recent years, revealing adaptive and integrated cellular behaviors closely relevant to human physiological and pathological conditions. Working at the interface between materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine, we are now at the beginning of a great exploration using micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for both fundamental biology study and clinical and biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and drug screening. In this review, an overview of state of the art micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials that can control precisely individual aspects of cell-microenvironment interactions is presented and they are highlighted them as well-controlled platforms for mechanistic studies of mechano-sensitive and -responsive cellular behaviors and integrative biology research. The recent exciting trend where micro/nanoengineered biomaterials are integrated into miniaturized biological and biomimetic systems for dynamic multiparametric microenvironmental control of emergent and integrated cellular behaviors is also discussed. The impact of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for future in vitro studies of regenerative medicine, cell biology, as well as human development and disease models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shao
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA). Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
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28
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Song Y, Ju Y, Morita Y, Song G. Effect of the nanostructure of porous alumina on growth behavior of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Song Y, Ju Y, Song G, Morita Y. In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on nanoporous alumina. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2745-56. [PMID: 23935364 PMCID: PMC3735283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation are significantly affected by the surface topography of the substrates on which the cells are cultured. Alumina is one of the most popular implant materials used in orthopedics, but few data are available concerning the cellular responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown on nanoporous structures. MSCs were cultured on smooth alumina substrates and nanoporous alumina substrates to investigate the interaction between surface topographies of nanoporous alumina and cellular behavior. Nanoporous alumina substrates with pore sizes of 20 nm and 100 nm were used to evaluate the effect of pore size on MSCs as measured by proliferation, morphology, expression of integrin β1, and osteogenic differentiation. An MTT assay was used to measure cell viability of MSCs on different substrates, and determined that cell viability decreased with increasing pore size. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the effect of pore size on cell morphology. Extremely elongated cells and prominent cell membrane protrusions were observed in cells cultured on alumina with the larger pore size. The expression of integrin β1 was enhanced in MSCs cultured on porous alumina, revealing that porous alumina substrates were more favorable for cell growth than smooth alumina substrates. Higher levels of osteoblastic differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and mineralization were detected in cells cultured on alumina with 100 nm pores compared with cells cultured on alumina with either 20 nm pores or smooth alumina. This work demonstrates that cellular behavior is affected by variation in pore size, providing new insight into the potential application of this novel biocompatible material for the developing field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasuyuki Morita
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Biomimetic membrane platform: fabrication, characterization and applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 103:510-6. [PMID: 23261574 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for assembly of biomimetic membranes serving as a platform for expression and insertion of membrane proteins is described. The membrane architecture was constructed in three steps: (i) assembly/printing of α-laminin peptide (P19) spacer on gold to separate solid support from the membrane architecture; (ii) covalent coupling of different lipid anchors to the P19 layer to serve as stabilizers of the inner leaflet during bilayer formation; (iii) lipid vesicle spreading to form a complete bilayer. Two different lipid membrane systems were examined and two different P19 architectures prepared by either self-assembly or μ-contact printing were tested and characterized using contact angle (CA) goniometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR). It is shown that surface coverage of cushion layer is significantly improved by μ-contact printing thereby facilitating bilayer formation as compared to self-assembly. To validate applicability of proposed methodology, incorporation of Cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol oxidase (Cyt-bo(3)) into biomimetic membrane was performed by in vitro expression technique which was further monitored by surface plasmon enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS). The results showed that solid supported planar membranes, tethered by α-laminin peptide cushion layer, provide an attractive environment for membrane protein insertion and characterization.
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31
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Killops KL, Gupta N, Dimitriou MD, Lynd NA, Jung H, Tran H, Bang J, Campos LM. Nanopatterning Biomolecules by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:758-763. [PMID: 35607099 DOI: 10.1021/mz300153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of sub-100 nm features with bioactive molecules is a laborious and expensive process. To overcome these limitations, we present a modular strategy to create nanostructured substrates (ca. 25 nm features) using functional block copolymers (BCPs) based on poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) to controllably promote or inhibit cell adhesion. A single type of BCP was functionalized with a peptide, a perfluorinated moiety, and both compounds, to tune nanoscale phase separation and interactions with NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. The focal adhesion formation and morphology of the cells were observed to vary dramatically according to the functionality presented on the surface of the synthetic substrate. It is envisioned that these materials will be useful as substrates that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) given that the adhesion receptors of cells can recognize clustered motifs as small as 10 nm, and their spatial orientation can influence cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kato L. Killops
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Michael D. Dimitriou
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Korea University, 136-713
Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Korea University, 136-713
Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027, United
States
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Kooijmans SAA, Vader P, van Dommelen SM, van Solinge WW, Schiffelers RM. Exosome mimetics: a novel class of drug delivery systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1525-41. [PMID: 22619510 PMCID: PMC3356169 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of extracellular phospholipid vesicles as conveyors of cellular information has created excitement in the field of drug delivery. Biological therapeutics, including short interfering RNA and recombinant proteins, are prone to degradation, have limited ability to cross biological membranes, and may elicit immune responses. Therefore, delivery systems for such drugs are under intensive investigation. Exploiting extracellular vesicles as carriers for biological therapeutics is a promising strategy to overcome these issues and to achieve efficient delivery to the cytosol of target cells. Exosomes are a well studied class of extracellular vesicles known to carry proteins and nucleic acids, making them especially suitable for such strategies. However, the considerable complexity and the related high chance of off-target effects of these carriers are major barriers for translation to the clinic. Given that it is well possible that not all components of exosomes are required for their proper functioning, an alternative strategy would be to mimic these vesicles synthetically. By assembly of liposomes harboring only crucial components of natural exosomes, functional exosome mimetics may be created. The low complexity and use of well characterized components strongly increase the pharmaceutical acceptability of such systems. However, exosomal components that would be required for the assembly of functional exosome mimetics remain to be identified. This review provides insights into the composition and functional properties of exosomes, and focuses on components which could be used to enhance the drug delivery properties of exosome mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander A A Kooijmans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Siegel A, Kimble-Hill A, Garg S, Jordan R, Naumann C. Native ligands change integrin sequestering but not oligomerization in raft-mimicking lipid mixtures. Biophys J 2011; 101:1642-50. [PMID: 21961590 PMCID: PMC3183796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct lipid environments, including lipid rafts, are increasingly recognized as a crucial factor affecting membrane protein function in plasma membranes. Unfortunately, an understanding of their role in membrane protein activation and oligomerization has remained elusive due to the challenge of characterizing these often small and transient plasma membrane heterogeneities in live cells. To address this difficulty, we present an experimental model membrane platform based on polymer-supported lipid bilayers containing stable raft-mimicking domains (type I) and homogeneous cholesterol-lipid mixtures (type II) into which transmembrane proteins are incorporated (α(v)β(3) and α(5)β(1) integrins). These flexible lipid platforms enable the use of confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, including the photon counting histogram method, in tandem with epifluorescence microscopy to quantitatively probe the effect of the binding of native ligands from the extracellular matrix ligands (vitronectin and fibronectin for α(v)β(3) and α(5)β(1), respectively) on domain-specific protein sequestration and on protein oligomerization state. We found that both α(v)β(3) and α(5)β(1) sequester preferentially to nonraft domains in the absence of extracellular matrix ligands, but upon ligand addition, α(v)β(3) sequesters strongly into raft-like domains and α(5)β(1) loses preference for either raft-like or nonraft-like domains. A corresponding photon counting histogram analysis showed that integrins exist predominantly in a monomeric state. No change was detected in oligomerization state upon ligand binding in either type I or type II bilayers, but a moderate increase in oligomerization state was observed for increasing concentrations of cholesterol. The combined findings suggest a mechanism in which changes in integrin sequestering are caused by ligand-induced changes in integrin conformation and/or dynamics that affect integrin-lipid interactions without altering the integrin oligomerization state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P. Siegel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ann Kimble-Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sumit Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Naumann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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35
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Abstract
Regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction is essential for the normal physiology of metazoans and is important in many diseases. Integrin adhesion receptors can rapidly increase their affinity (integrin activation) in response to intracellular signaling events in a process termed inside-out signaling. The transmembrane domains of integrins and their interactions with the membrane are important in inside-out signaling. Moreover, integrin activation is tightly regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how the membrane environment can, in cooperation with integrin-binding proteins, regulate integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungho Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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36
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Comisar WA, Mooney DJ, Linderman JJ. Integrin organization: linking adhesion ligand nanopatterns with altered cell responses. J Theor Biol 2011; 274:120-30. [PMID: 21255586 PMCID: PMC3056075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrin receptors bind to adhesion ligand (e.g. arginine-glycine-aspartic acid or RGD containing peptides) on extracellular matrix and organize into high-density complexes which mediate many cell behaviors. Biomaterials with RGD nanopatterned into multivalent "islands" (∼30-70 nm diameter) have been shown to alter cell responses, although the length scale of pattern features is orders of magnitude smaller than adhesion complexes. In this work, we employ together for the first time an extensive data set on osteoblast responses as a function of ligand nanopatterns, a computational model of integrin binding to ligand nanopatterns, and new measures of integrin organization on the cell surface. We quantify, at multiple length scales, integrin organization generated in silico as a function of RGD nanopattern parameters. We develop a correlative model relating these measures of in silico integrin organization and in vitro MC3T3 preosteoblast cell responses as functions of the same RGD nanopatterns: cell spreading correlates with the number of bound integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation correlates with small, homogeneously distributed clusters of integrins, and osteogenic differentiation correlates with large, heterogeneously distributed integrin clusters. These findings highlight the significance of engineering biomaterials at the nanolevel and suggest new approaches to understanding the mechanisms linking integrin organization to cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Comisar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., 3074 HH Dow Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - D. J. Mooney
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 40 Oxford St., Rm 415, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J. J. Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., 3074 HH Dow Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., 1107 CA Gerstacker Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Schvartzman M, Palma M, Sable J, Abramson J, Hu X, Sheetz MP, Wind SJ. Nanolithographic control of the spatial organization of cellular adhesion receptors at the single-molecule level. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1306-12. [PMID: 21319842 PMCID: PMC3061283 DOI: 10.1021/nl104378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the placement of individual molecules promises to enable a wide range of applications and is a key challenge in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Many biological interactions, in particular, are sensitive to the precise geometric arrangement of proteins. We have developed a technique which combines molecular-scale nanolithography with site-selective biochemistry to create biomimetic arrays of individual protein binding sites. The binding sites can be arranged in heterogeneous patterns of virtually any possible geometry with a nearly unlimited number of degrees of freedom. We have used these arrays to explore how the geometric organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) binding ligand RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) affects cell adhesion and spreading. Systematic variation of spacing, density, and cluster size of individual integrin binding sites was used to elicit different cell behavior. Cell spreading assays on arrays of different geometric arrangements revealed a dramatic increase in spreading efficiency when at least four liganded sites were spaced within 60 nm or less, with no dependence on global density. This points to the existence of a minimal matrix adhesion unit for fibronectin defined in space and stoichiometry. Developing an understanding of the ECM geometries that activate specific cellular functional complexes is a critical step toward controlling cell behavior. Potential practical applications range from new therapeutic treatments to the rational design of tissue scaffolds that can optimize healing without scarring. More broadly, spatial control at the single-molecule level can elucidate factors controlling individual molecular interactions and can enable synthesis of new systems based on molecular-scale architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schvartzman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Julia Sable
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Justin Abramson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Xian Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shalom J. Wind
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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Olberding JE, Thouless MD, Arruda EM, Garikipati K. The non-equilibrium thermodynamics and kinetics of focal adhesion dynamics. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12043. [PMID: 20805876 PMCID: PMC2923603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We consider a focal adhesion to be made up of molecular complexes, each consisting of a ligand, an integrin molecule, and associated plaque proteins. Free energy changes drive the binding and unbinding of these complexes and thereby controls the focal adhesion's dynamic modes of growth, treadmilling and resorption. Principal Findings We have identified a competition among four thermodynamic driving forces for focal adhesion dynamics: (i) the work done during the addition of a single molecular complex of a certain size, (ii) the chemical free energy change associated with the addition of a molecular complex, (iii) the elastic free energy change associated with deformation of focal adhesions and the cell membrane, and (iv) the work done on a molecular conformational change. We have developed a theoretical treatment of focal adhesion dynamics as a nonlinear rate process governed by a classical kinetic model. We also express the rates as being driven by out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic driving forces, and modulated by kinetics. The mechanisms governed by the above four effects allow focal adhesions to exhibit a rich variety of behavior without the need to introduce special constitutive assumptions for their response. For the reaction-limited case growth, treadmilling and resorption are all predicted by a very simple chemo-mechanical model. Treadmilling requires symmetry breaking between the ends of the focal adhesion, and is achieved by driving force (i) above. In contrast, depending on its numerical value (ii) causes symmetric growth, resorption or is neutral, (iii) causes symmetric resorption, and (iv) causes symmetric growth. These findings hold for a range of conditions: temporally-constant force or stress, and for spatially-uniform and non-uniform stress distribution over the FA. The symmetric growth mode dominates for temporally-constant stress, with a reduced treadmilling regime. Significance In addition to explaining focal adhesion dynamics, this treatment can be coupled with models of cytoskeleton dynamics and contribute to the understanding of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Olberding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Thouless
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ellen M. Arruda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Krishna Garikipati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tucker KL, Kaiser WJ, Bergeron AL, Hu H, Dong JF, Tan TH, Gibbins JM. Proteomic analysis of resting and thrombin-stimulated platelets reveals the translocation and functional relevance of HIP-55 in platelets. Proteomics 2009; 9:4340-54. [PMID: 19725075 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The platelet surface is a dynamic interface that changes rapidly in response to stimuli to co-ordinate the formation of thrombi at sites of vascular injury. Tight control is essential as loss of organisation may result in the inappropriate formation of thrombi (thrombosis) or excessive bleeding. In this paper we describe the comparative analysis of resting and thrombin-stimulated platelet membrane proteomes and associated proteins to identify proteins important to platelet function. Surface proteins were labelled using a biotin tag and isolated by NeurtrAvidin affinity chromatography. Liquid phase IEF and SDS-PAGE were used to separate proteins, and bands of increased intensity in the stimulated platelet fractions were digested and identified by FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Novel proteins were identified along with proteins known to be translocated to the platelet surface. Furthermore, many platelet proteins revealed changes in location associated with function, including G6B and Hip-55. HIP-55 is an SH3-binding protein important in T-cell receptor signalling. Further analysis of HIP-55 revealed that this adaptor protein becomes increasingly associated with both Syk and integrin beta3 upon platelet activation. Analysis of HIP-55 deficient platelets revealed reduced fibrinogen binding upon thrombin stimulation, suggesting HIP-55 to be an important regulator of platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Tucker
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
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40
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Paszek MJ, Boettiger D, Weaver VM, Hammer DA. Integrin clustering is driven by mechanical resistance from the glycocalyx and the substrate. PLoS Comput Biol 2009; 5:e1000604. [PMID: 20011123 PMCID: PMC2782178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins have emerged as key sensory molecules that translate chemical and physical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) into biochemical signals that regulate cell behavior. Integrins function by clustering into adhesion plaques, but the molecular mechanisms that drive integrin clustering in response to interaction with the ECM remain unclear. To explore how deformations in the cell-ECM interface influence integrin clustering, we developed a spatial-temporal simulation that integrates the micro-mechanics of the cell, glycocalyx, and ECM with a simple chemical model of integrin activation and ligand interaction. Due to mechanical coupling, we find that integrin-ligand interactions are highly cooperative, and this cooperativity is sufficient to drive integrin clustering even in the absence of cytoskeletal crosslinking or homotypic integrin-integrin interactions. The glycocalyx largely mediates this cooperativity and hence may be a key regulator of integrin function. Remarkably, integrin clustering in the model is naturally responsive to the chemical and physical properties of the ECM, including ligand density, matrix rigidity, and the chemical affinity of ligand for receptor. Consistent with experimental observations, we find that integrin clustering is robust on rigid substrates with high ligand density, but is impaired on substrates that are highly compliant or have low ligand density. We thus demonstrate how integrins themselves could function as sensory molecules that begin sensing matrix properties even before large multi-molecular adhesion complexes are assembled. Critical cell decisions, including whether to live, proliferate, or assemble into tissue structures, are directed by cues from the extracellular matrix, the external protein scaffold that surrounds cells. Integrin receptors on the cell surface bind to the extracellular matrix and cluster into complexes that translate matrix cues into the set of instructions a cell follows. Using a newly developed model of the cell-matrix interface, in this work we detail a simple yet efficient mechanism by which integrins could “sense” important matrix properties, including chemical composition and mechanical stiffness, and cluster appropriately. This mechanism relies on mechanical resistance to integrin-matrix interaction provided by the glycocalyx, the slimy sugar and protein coating on the cell, as well as the stiffness of the matrix and the cell itself. In general, the resistance alters integrin-ligand reaction rates, such that integrin clustering is favored for many physiologically relevant conditions. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of the cell and ECM are altered in many prevalent diseases, such as cancer, and our work suggests how these mechanical perturbations might adversely influence integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Paszek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Boettiger
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Streicher P, Nassoy P, Bärmann M, Dif A, Marchi-Artzner V, Brochard-Wyart F, Spatz J, Bassereau P. Integrin reconstituted in GUVs: a biomimetic system to study initial steps of cell spreading. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2291-300. [PMID: 19665445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel in vitro membrane system mimicking the first steps of integrin-mediated cell spreading has been developed and characterized. We have reconstituted the transmembrane alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The reconstitution process has been validated by analyzing protein incorporation and biological activity by checking the specific interaction of GUVs containing integrin with quantum dots (QD) or surfaces coated with the integrin receptor tri-peptide RGD.(1) The spreading dynamics of integrin-functionalized GUVs onto fibrinogen-coated surfaces has been monitored by Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM). Our results are quantitatively consistent with a theoretical model based on a dewetting process coupled to binder diffusion and provide a comprehensive description of the following sequence: i) nucleation and growth of adhesive patches coupled to the diffusion of the adhesive proteins to these adhesive zones ii) fusion of patches and formation of an adhesive ring iii) complete spreading of the GUV by dewetting of the central liquid film from the border to form an adhesive circular patch that is not significantly enriched in integrins, as compared to the unbound membrane. This finding is consistent with the recognized role of the actin cytoskeleton in stabilizing focal complexes and focal adhesions in a cell-extracellular matrix contact. These very large unilamellar integrin-containing vesicles provide a unique artificial system, which could be further developed towards realistic cell mimic and used to study the complexity of integrin-mediated cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Streicher
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75248 Paris, France
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42
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Fabrication of Nanoscale Bioarrays for the Study of Cytoskeletal Protein Binding Interactions Using Nanoimprint Lithography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 27:61-65. [PMID: 19777075 DOI: 10.1116/1.3043472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a high throughput patterning process used to create arrays of molecular-scale features for the study of cytoskeletal protein binding interactions. The process uses a shadow-evaporated metal mask to facilitate lift-off of features defined by nanoimprint lithography. This simple and robust approach alleviates difficulties in pattern transfer of ultra-small features and results in arrays of highly ordered sub-10 nm features which are then functionalized with extracellular matrix proteins. Application of these arrays is demonstrated in cell spreading assays.
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43
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Schubert T, Bärmann M, Rusp M, Gränzer W, Tanaka M. Diffusion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored bovine prion protein (PrPc) in supported lipid membranes studied by single-molecule and complementary ensemble methods. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Kreiner M, Li Z, Beattie J, Kelly S, Mardon H, van der Walle C. Self-assembling multimeric integrin 5 1 ligands for cell attachment and spreading. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:553-60. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Greve F, Frerker S, Bittermann AG, Burkhardt C, Hierlemann A, Hall H. Molecular design and characterization of the neuron-microelectrode array interface. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5246-58. [PMID: 17826828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological activities of neuronal networks can be recorded on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). This technique requires tight coupling between MEA-surfaces and cells. Therefore, this study investigated the interface between DRG neurons and MEA-surface materials after adsorption of neurite promoting proteins: laminin-111, fibronectin, L1Ig6 and poly-l-lysine. Moreover, substrate-induced effects on neuronal networks with time were analyzed. The thickness of adsorbed protein layers was found between approximately 1 nm for poly-l-lysine and approximately 80 nm for laminin-111 on platinum, gold and silicon nitride. The neuron-to-substrate interface was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and SEM after in situ focused-ion-beam milling demonstrating that the ventral cell membrane adhered inhomogeneously to laminin-111 or L1Ig6 surfaces. Tight areas of 20-30 nm and distant areas <1 microm alternated and even tightest areas did not correlate with the physical thickness of the protein layers. This study illustrates the difficulties to predict cell-to-material interfaces that contribute substantially to the success of in vitro or in vivo systems. Moreover, focused ion beam (FIB)/SEM is explored as a new technique to analyze such interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Greve
- Physics Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Kunzler TP, Huwiler C, Drobek T, Vörös J, Spencer ND. Systematic study of osteoblast response to nanotopography by means of nanoparticle-density gradients. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5000-6. [PMID: 17720241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Features over a wide range of length scales affect the biological response to a surface. While the influence of micro-features has been extensively studied, the effect of nano-features has only rarely been systematically investigated. We have developed a simple method to produce nano-featured gradients by kinetically controlled adsorption of negatively charged silica nanoparticles onto positively charged, poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)-coated silicon wafers. Subsequent sintering of the particles allowed a tuning of the particle morphology and resulted in a firm anchoring of the particles to the surface. Particle-density gradients were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell experiments with rat calvarial osteoblasts (RCO) on nano-featured gradients exhibited a significant decrease in proliferation at locations with higher particle coverage. Seven days post seeding, the number of osteoblasts was eight times higher at positions without particles compared to positions with maximum particle coverage. While cells spread well and developed a well-organized actin network in the absence of particles, spreading and formation of a strong actin network was considerably hindered at locations with maximum particle density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias P Kunzler
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Cluzel C, Saltel F, Lussi J, Paulhe F, Imhof BA, Wehrle-Haller B. The mechanisms and dynamics of (alpha)v(beta)3 integrin clustering in living cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 171:383-92. [PMID: 16247034 PMCID: PMC2171205 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200503017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During cell migration, the physical link between the extracellular substrate and the actin cytoskeleton mediated by receptors of the integrin family is constantly modified. We analyzed the mechanisms that regulate the clustering and incorporation of activated αvβ3 integrins into focal adhesions. Manganese (Mn2+) or mutational activation of integrins induced the formation of de novo F-actin–independent integrin clusters. These clusters recruited talin, but not other focal adhesion adapters, and overexpression of the integrin-binding head domain of talin increased clustering. Integrin clustering required immobilized ligand and was prevented by the sequestration of phosphoinositole-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis of Mn2+-induced integrin clusters revealed increased integrin turnover compared with mature focal contacts, whereas stabilization of the open conformation of the integrin ectodomain by mutagenesis reduced integrin turnover in focal contacts. Thus, integrin clustering requires the formation of the ternary complex consisting of activated integrins, immobilized ligands, talin, and PI(4,5)P2. The dynamic remodeling of this ternary complex controls cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cluzel
- Department of Pathology and Immunlogy, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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48
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Eisenbarth E, Velten D, Müller M, Thull R, Breme J. Nanostructured niobium oxide coatings influence osteoblast adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:166-75. [PMID: 16788971 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of osteoblasts was correlated to the roughness of nanosized surface structures of Nb(2)O(5) coatings on polished CP titanium grade 2. Nb(2)O(5) sol-gel coatings were selected as a model surface to study the interaction of osteoblasts with nanosized surface structures. The surface roughness was quantified by determination of the average surface finish (Ra number) by means of atomic force microscopy. Surface topographies with Ra = 7, 15, and 40 nm were adjusted by means of the annealing process parameters (time and temperature) within a sol-gel coating procedure. The observed osteoblast migration was fastest on smooth surfaces with Ra = 7 nm. The adhesion strength, spreading area, and collagen-I synthesis showed the best results on an intermediate roughness of Ra = 15 nm. The surface roughness of Ra = 40 nm was rather peaked and reduced the speed of cell reactions belonging to the adhesion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eisenbarth
- Biomechanic, Hamburg University of Technology TUHH, Hamburg, Germany.
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49
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Abstract
Lipid-bilayer membranes supported on solid substrates are widely used as cell-surface models that connect biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to supported membranes. This results in sophisticated interfaces that can be used to control, organize and study the properties and function of membranes and membrane-associated proteins. Particularly exciting opportunities arise when these systems are coupled with advanced semiconductor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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50
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Tardif MR, Tremblay MJ. Regulation of LFA-1 activity through cytoskeleton remodeling and signaling components modulates the efficiency of HIV type-1 entry in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:926-35. [PMID: 16002691 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Besides interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins with cell surface receptors, interactions between cell-derived molecules incorporated onto virions and their ligand could also modulate HIV type-1 (HIV-1) entry inside CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Although incorporation of host ICAM-1 within HIV-1 increases both virus attachment and fusion, the precise mechanism through which this phenomenon is occurring is still unclear. We demonstrate in this study that activation of primary human CD4(+) T lymphocytes increases LFA-1 affinity and avidity states, two events promoting the early events of the HIV-1 replication cycle through interactions between virus-embedded host ICAM-1 and LFA-1 clusters. Confocal analyses suggest that HIV-1 is concentrated in microdomains rich in LFA-1 clusters that also contain CD4 and CXCR4 molecules. Experiments performed with specific inhibitors revealed that entry of HIV-1 in activated CD4(+) T cells is regulated by LFA-1-dependent ZAP70, phospholipase Cgamma1, and calpain enzymatic activities. By using laboratory and clinical strains of HIV-1 produced in primary human cells, we demonstrate the importance of the LFA-1 activation state and cluster formation in the initial step of the virus life cycle. Overall, these data provide new insights into the complex molecular events involved in HIV-1 binding and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie R Tardif
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
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