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Bhilare KD, Dobariya P, Hanak F, Rothwell PE, More SS. Current understanding of the link between angiotensin-converting enzyme and pain perception. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104089. [PMID: 38977123 PMCID: PMC11368640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is known to affect diverse physiological processes that affect the functioning of many key organs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) modulates a variety of bioactive peptides associated with pain. ACE inhibitors (ACEis) have found applications in the treatment of cardiovascular, kidney, neurological and metabolic disorders. However, ACEis also tend to display undesirable effects, resulting in increased pain sensitization and mechanical allodynia. In this review, we provide comprehensive discussion of preclinical and clinical studies involving the evaluation of various clinically approved ACEis. With the emerging knowledge of additional factors involved in RAS signaling and the indistinct pharmacological role of ACE substrates in pain, extensive studies are still required to elucidate the mechanistic role of ACE in pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran D Bhilare
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Prakashkumar Dobariya
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Filip Hanak
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patrick E Rothwell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Swati S More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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2
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Nouraeinejad A. The bidirectional links between coronavirus disease 2019 and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38451045 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2327403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a critical disease, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Patients with Alzheimer's disease are more vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences. The latest results have indicated some common risk factors for both diseases. An understanding of the pathological link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease will help develop timely strategies to treat both diseases. This review explores the bidirectional links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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3
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Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. Blood-brain barrier transporters: a translational consideration for CNS delivery of neurotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:71-89. [PMID: 38217410 PMCID: PMC10842757 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Successful neuropharmacology requires optimization of CNS drug delivery and, by extension, free drug concentrations at brain molecular targets. Detailed assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) physiological characteristics is necessary to achieve this goal. The 'next frontier' in CNS drug delivery is targeting BBB uptake transporters, an approach that requires evaluation of brain endothelial cell transport processes so that effective drug accumulation and improved therapeutic efficacy can occur. AREAS COVERED BBB permeability of drugs is governed by tight junction protein complexes (i.e., physical barrier) and transporters/enzymes (i.e., biochemical barrier). For most therapeutics, a component of blood-to-brain transport involves passive transcellular diffusion. Small molecule drugs that do not possess acceptable physicochemical characteristics for passive permeability may utilize putative membrane transporters for CNS uptake. While both uptake and efflux transport mechanisms are expressed at the brain microvascular endothelium, uptake transporters can be targeted for optimization of brain drug delivery and improved treatment of neurological disease states. EXPERT OPINION Uptake transporters represent a unique opportunity to optimize brain drug delivery by leveraging the endogenous biology of the BBB. A rigorous understanding of these transporters is required to improve translation from the bench to clinical trials and stimulate the development of new treatment paradigms for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine
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4
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Khan SH, Perkins AJ, Jawaid S, Wang S, Lindroth H, Schmitt RE, Doles J, True JD, Gao S, Caplan GA, Twigg HL, Kesler K, Khan BA. Serum proteomic analysis in esophagectomy patients with postoperative delirium: A case-control study. Heart Lung 2024; 63:35-41. [PMID: 37748302 PMCID: PMC10843392 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium occurs in up to 80% of patients undergoing esophagectomy. We performed an exploratory proteomic analysis to identify protein pathways that may be associated with delirium post-esophagectomy. OBJECTIVES Identify proteins associated with delirium and delirium severity in a younger and higher-risk surgical population. METHODS We performed a case-control study using blood samples collected from patients enrolled in a negative, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. English speaking adults aged 18 years or older, undergoing esophagectomy, who had blood samples obtained were included. Cases were defined by a positive delirium screen after surgery while controls were patients with negative delirium assessments. Delirium was assessed using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, and delirium severity was assessed by Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. Blood samples were collected pre-operatively and on post-operative day 1, and discovery proteomic analysis was performed. Between-group differences in median abundance ratios were reported using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Odds (WMWodds1) test. RESULTS 52 (26 cases, 26 controls) patients were included in the study with a mean age of 64 (SD 9.6) years, 1.9% were females and 25% were African American. The median duration of delirium was 1 day (IQR: 1-2), and the median delirium/coma duration was 2.5 days (IQR: 2-4). Two proteins with greater relative abundance ratio in patients with delirium were: Coagulation factor IX (WMWodds: 1.89 95%CI: 1.0-4.2) and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase (WMWodds: 2.4 95%CI: 1.03-9.9). Protein abundance ratios associated with mean delirium severity at postoperative day 1 were Complement C2 (Spearman rs = -0.31, 95%CI [-0.55, -0.02]) and Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase (rs = 0.61, 95%CI = [0.29, 0.81]). CONCLUSIONS We identified changes in proteins associated with coagulation, inflammation, and protein handling; larger, follow-up studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis-generating findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar H Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Anthony J Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samreen Jawaid
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sophia Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Heidi Lindroth
- Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca E Schmitt
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason Doles
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason D True
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gideon A Caplan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Homer L Twigg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth Kesler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Babar A Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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5
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Cao C, Li S, Zhou G, Xu C, Chen X, Qiu H, Li X, Liu Y, Cao H, Bi C. Global trends in COVID-19 Alzheimer's related research: a bibliometric analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1193768. [PMID: 37342784 PMCID: PMC10278887 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1193768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health, putting people with Alzheimer's disease at significant risk. This study used bibliometric analysis method to conduct in-depth research on the relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, as well as to predict its development trends. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for relevant literature on Alzheimer's and Coronavirus-19 during 2019-2023. We used a search query string in our advanced search. Using Microsoft Excel 2021 and VOSviewer software, a statistical analysis of primary high-yield authors, research institutions, countries, and journals was performed. Knowledge networks, collaboration maps, hotspots, and regional trends were analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results During 2020-2023, 866 academic studies were published in international journals. United States, Italy, and the United Kingdom rank top three in the survey; in terms of productivity, the top three schools were Harvard Medical School, the University of Padua, and the University of Oxford; Bonanni, Laura, from Gabriele d'Annunzio University (Italy), Tedeschi, Gioacchino from the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (Italy), Vanacore, Nicola from Natl Ctr Dis Prevent and Health Promot (Italy), Reddy, P. Hemachandra from Texas Tech University (USA), and El Haj, Mohamad from University of Nantes (France) were the authors who published the most articles; The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease is the journals with the most published articles; "COVID-19," "Alzheimer's disease," "neurodegenerative diseases," "cognitive impairment," "neuroinflammation," "quality of life," and "neurological complications" have been the focus of attention in the last 3 years. Conclusion The disease caused by the COVID-19 virus infection related to Alzheimer's disease has attracted significant attention worldwide. The major hot topics in 2020 were: "Alzheimer' disease," COVID-19," risk factors," care," and "Parkinson's disease." During the 2 years 2021 and 2022, researchers were also interested in "neurodegenerative diseases," "cognitive impairment," and "quality of life," which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gaoya Zhou
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caijuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiwen Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Vautier A, Lebreton AL, Codron P, Awada Z, Gohier P, Cassereau J. Retinal vessels as a window on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathophysiology: A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:548-562. [PMID: 36842953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare fatal motor neuron disease. Although many potential mechanisms have been proposed, the pathophysiology of the disease remains unknown. Currently available treatments can only delay the progression of the disease and prolong life expectancy by a few months. There is still no definitive cure for ALS, and the development of new treatments is limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying biological processes that trigger and promote neurodegeneration. Several scientific results suggest a neurovascular impairment in ALS providing perspectives for the development of new biomarkers and treatments. In this article, we performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines including PubMed, EmBase, GoogleScholar, and Web of Science Core Collection to analyze the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2021 discussing the neurocardiovascular involvement and ophthalmologic abnormalities in ALS. In total, 122 articles were included to establish this systematic review. Indeed, microvascular pathology seems to be involved in ALS, affecting all the neurovascular unit components. Retinal changes have also been recently highlighted without significant alteration of the visual pathways. Despite the peripheral location of the retina, it is considered as an extension of the central nervous system (CNS) as it displays similarities to the brain, the inner blood-retinal barrier, and the blood-brain barrier. This suggests that the eye could be considered as a 'window' into the brain in many CNS disorders. Thus, studying ocular manifestations of brain pathologies seems very promising in understanding neurodegenerative disorders, mainly ALS. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) could therefore be a powerful approach for exploration of retinal microvascularization allowing to obtain new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vautier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Angers, France.
| | - A L Lebreton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - P Codron
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Angers, France; Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, Angers, France; University of Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Z Awada
- Department of neuroscience, LHH-SIUH, New York, USA
| | - P Gohier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - J Cassereau
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Angers, France; University of Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
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Kunvariya AD, Dave SA, Modi ZJ, Patel PK, Sagar SR. Exploration of multifaceted molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pathogenesis of various diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15644. [PMID: 37153428 PMCID: PMC10160752 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE (a transmembrane bound dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme). ACE2 converts angiotensinogen to the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7). ACE2 and its product, angiotensin-(1-7), have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of other members of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 and its principal product, angiotensin-(1-7), were considered an under recognized arm of the RAS. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light this arm of RAS with special focus on ACE2. Membrane bound ACE2 serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry through spike proteins. Apart from that, ACE2 is also involved in the pathogenesis of various other diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanism of ACE2 in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infertility and respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes unveiled roles of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of various diseases which further provides intriguing possibilities for the use of ACE2 activators and RAS modulating agents for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi D. Kunvariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Shivani A. Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Zeal J. Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Paresh K. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Sneha R. Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
- Corresponding author.
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Koberskaya NN, Roshchin FA. Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-89-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Koberskaya
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - F. A. Roshchin
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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Kangussu LM, Rocha NP, Valadão PAC, Machado TCG, Soares KB, Joviano-Santos JV, Latham LB, Colpo GD, Almeida-Santos AF, Furr Stimming E, Simões e Silva AC, Teixeira AL, Miranda AS, Guatimosim C. Renin-Angiotensin System in Huntington's Disease: Evidence from Animal Models and Human Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7686. [PMID: 35887034 PMCID: PMC9316902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is expressed in the central nervous system and has important functions that go beyond blood pressure regulation. Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that alterations in the brain RAS contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is limited information regarding the involvement of RAS components in Huntington's disease (HD). Herein, we used the HD murine model, (BACHD), as well as samples from patients with HD to investigate the role of both the classical and alternative axes of RAS in HD pathophysiology. BACHD mice displayed worse motor performance in different behavioral tests alongside a decrease in the levels and activity of the components of the RAS alternative axis ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Mas receptors in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. BACHD mice also displayed a significant increase in mRNA expression of the AT1 receptor, a component of the RAS classical arm, in these key brain regions. Moreover, patients with manifest HD presented higher plasma levels of Ang-(1-7). No significant changes were found in the levels of ACE, ACE2, and Ang II. Our findings provided the first evidence that an imbalance in the RAS classical and counter-regulatory arms may play a role in HD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Natalia P. Rocha
- Department of Neurology, The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer′s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- McGovern Medical School, HDSA Center of Excellence at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.B.L.); (E.F.S.)
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Priscila A. C. Valadão
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Thatiane C. G. Machado
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Kívia B. Soares
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Julliane V. Joviano-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo 09612-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Leigh B. Latham
- McGovern Medical School, HDSA Center of Excellence at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.B.L.); (E.F.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gabriela D. Colpo
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Ana Flávia Almeida-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Erin Furr Stimming
- McGovern Medical School, HDSA Center of Excellence at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.B.L.); (E.F.S.)
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil;
| | - Antônio L. Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.M.K.); (P.A.C.V.); (T.C.G.M.); (K.B.S.); (J.V.J.-S.); (A.F.A.-S.); (A.S.M.); (C.G.)
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10
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Strafella C, Caputo V, Termine A, Fabrizio C, Calvino G, Megalizzi D, Ruffo P, Toppi E, Banaj N, Bassi A, Bossù P, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G, Giardina E, Cascella R. Identification of Genetic Networks Reveals Complex Associations and Risk Trajectory Linking Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:821789. [PMID: 35250545 PMCID: PMC8892382 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.821789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are multifactorial conditions resulting from a complex crosstalk among multiple molecular and biological processes. The present study investigates the association of variants localized in genes and miRNAs with aMCI and AD, which may represent susceptibility, prognostic biomarkers or multi-target treatment options for such conditions. We included 371 patients (217 aMCI and 154 AD) and 503 healthy controls, which were genotyped for a panel of 120 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and, subsequently, analyzed by statistical, bioinformatics and machine-learning approaches. As a result, 21 SNPs were associated with aMCI and 13 SNPs with sporadic AD. Interestingly, a set of variants shared between aMCI and AD displayed slightly higher Odd Ratios in AD with respect to aMCI, highlighting a specific risk trajectory linking aMCI to AD. Some of the associated genes and miRNAs were shown to interact within the signaling pathways of APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein), ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2), miR-155 and PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma), which are known to contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Overall, results of this study increase insights concerning the genetic factors contributing to the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying aMCI and sporadic AD. They have to be exploited to develop personalized approaches based on the individual genetic make-up and multi-target treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Strafella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudia Strafella,
| | - Valerio Caputo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Termine
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabrizio
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Calvino
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ruffo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Toppi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Emiliano Giardina,
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
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11
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The roles of Eph receptors, neuropilin-1, P2X7, and CD147 in COVID-19-associated neurodegenerative diseases: inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential promising therapies. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:10. [PMID: 35109786 PMCID: PMC8809072 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide, and finding a safe therapeutic strategy and effective vaccine is critical to overcoming severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, elucidation of pathogenesis mechanisms, especially entry routes of SARS-CoV-2 may help propose antiviral drugs and novel vaccines. Several receptors have been demonstrated for the interaction of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), ephrin ligands and Eph receptors, neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), P2X7, and CD147. The expression of these entry receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) may make the CNS prone to SARS-CoV-2 invasion, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. The present review provides potential pathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CNS, including entry receptors and cytokines involved in neuroinflammatory conditions. Moreover, it explains several neurodegenerative disorders associated with COVID-19. Finally, we suggest inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Villa C, Rivellini E, Lavitrano M, Combi R. Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease? An Overview of Shared Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms. J Pers Med 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35055344 PMCID: PMC8780286 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, is affecting every aspect of global society, including public healthcare systems, medical care access, and the economy. Although the respiratory tract is primarily affected by SARS-CoV-2, emerging evidence suggests that the virus may also reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to several neurological issues. In particular, people with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a vulnerable group at high risk of contracting COVID-19, and develop more severe forms and worse outcomes, including death. Therefore, understanding shared links between COVID-19 and AD could aid the development of therapeutic strategies against both. Herein, we reviewed common risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms that might contribute to the acceleration of neurodegenerative processes in AD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rivellini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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13
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Danilenko V, Devyatkin A, Marsova M, Shibilova M, Ilyasov R, Shmyrev V. Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6349-6381. [PMID: 34876830 PMCID: PMC8643201 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, metagenomic studies have shown the key role of the gut microbiome in maintaining immune and neuroendocrine systems. Malfunction of the gut microbiome can induce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Dysfunction of the gut microbiome can be caused by short-term (virus infection and other infectious diseases) or long-term (environment, nutrition, and stress) factors. Here, we reviewed the inflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Here, we reviewed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the processes of formation of oxidative stress and inflammation in viral and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors of the RAAS to penetrate human cells. The coronavirus infection can be the trigger for neurodegenerative diseases by dysfunction of the RAAS. Pharmabiotics, postbiotics, and next-generation probiotics, are considered as a means to prevent oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative and viral diseases through gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Devyatkin
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic CMP RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Ismael S, Mirzahosseini G, Ahmed HA, Yoo A, Kassan M, Malik KU, Ishrat T. Renin-Angiotensin System Alterations in the Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1473-1484. [PMID: 34690145 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD) in terms of its various pathophysiological pathways is essential to unravel the complex nature of the disease process and identify potential therapeutic targets. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in several brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and AD. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAS components in postmortem cortical and hippocampal brain samples obtained from AD versus non-AD individuals. METHODS We analyzed RAS components in the cortex and hippocampus of postmortem human brain samples by western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques in comparison with age-matched non-demented controls. RESULTS The expression of AT1R increased in the hippocampus, whereas AT2R expression remained almost unchanged in the cortical and hippocampal regions of AD compared to non-AD brains. The Mas receptor was downregulated in the hippocampus. We also detected slight reductions in ACE-1 protein levels in both the cortex and hippocampus of AD brains, with minor elevations in ACE-2 in the cortex. We did not find remarkable differences in the protein levels of angiotensinogen and Ang II in either the cortex or hippocampus of AD brains, whereas we observed a considerable increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The current findings support the significant contribution of RAS components in AD pathogenesis, further suggesting that strategies focusing on the AT1R and AT2R pathways may lead to novel therapies for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Golnoush Mirzahosseini
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arum Yoo
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- Departments of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kafait U Malik
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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15
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Rampa A, Gobbi S, Belluti F, Bisi A. Tackling Alzheimer's Disease with Existing Drugs: A Promising Strategy for Bypassing Obstacles. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2305-2327. [PMID: 32867634 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200831140745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The unmet need for the development of effective drugs to treat Alzheimer 's disease has been steadily growing, representing a major challenge in drug discovery. In this context, drug repurposing, namely the identification of novel therapeutic indications for approved or investigational compounds, can be seen as an attractive attempt to obtain new medications reducing both the time and the economic burden usually required for research and development programs. In the last years, several classes of drugs have evidenced promising beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and for some of them, preliminary clinical trials have been started. This review aims to illustrate some of the most recent examples of drugs reprofiled for Alzheimer's disease, considering not only the finding of new uses for existing drugs but also the new hypotheses on disease pathogenesis that could promote previously unconsidered therapeutic regimens. Moreover, some examples of structural modifications performed on existing drugs in order to obtain multifunctional compounds will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rampa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Gobbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Belluti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Jin L, Liu C, Zhang N, Zhang R, Yan M, Bhunia A, Zhang Q, Liu M, Han J, Siebert HC. Attenuation of Human Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillation by ACE Inhibitor Captopril: A Combined Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Cytotoxicity, and Docking Study. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1910-1920. [PMID: 33844512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding proteins could form oligomers or amyloid fibers, which can cause a variety of amyloid-associated diseases. Thus, the inhibition of protein misfolding and fibrillation is a promising way to prevent and treat these diseases. Captopril (CAP) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) that is widely used to treat diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. In this study, we found that CAP inhibits human lysozyme (HL) fibrillation through the combination techniques of biophysics and biochemistry. The data obtained by thioflavin-T (ThT) and Congo red (CR) assays showed that CAP hindered the aggregation of HL amyloid fibrils by reducing the β-sheet structure of HL amyloid, with an IC50 value of 34.75 ± 1.23 μM. Meanwhile, the particle size of HL amyloid decreased sharply in a concentration-dependent approach after CAP treatment. According to the visualization of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we verified that in the presence of CAP, the needle-like fibers of HL amyloid were significantly reduced. In addition, CAP incubation dramatically improved the cell survival rate exposed to HL fibers. Our studies also revealed that CAP could form hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of Glu 35 and Ala 108 in the binding pocket of HL, which help in maintaining the α-helical structure of HL and then prevent the formation of amyloid fibrillation. It can be concluded that CAP has antiamyloidogenic activity and a protective effect on HL amyloid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), 700054 Kolkata, India
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hans-Christian Siebert
- RI-B-NT Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148 Kiel, Germany
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17
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Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme induces mechanical allodynia through increasing substance P expression in mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105020. [PMID: 33744374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although emerging evidence shows that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is associated with pain, it is not clear whether inhibition of ACE could affect to nociceptive transmission and which mediators are involved in this process. Here we investigated whether administration of the ACE inhibitors, captopril and enalapril increases the expression of substance P (SP) and whether this increase contributes to the induction of mechanical allodynia in mice. ACE was expressed in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) region of the spinal cord in mice. Either intraperitoneal or intrathecal administration of the ACE inhibitors, captopril and enalapril for 10 days significantly increased the paw withdrawal frequency to innocuous mechanical stimuli and the levels of SP in both the lumbar DRG and the SDH region of the spinal cord dorsal horn. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of the SP receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor) antagonist, L-733,060 suppressed mechanical allodynia that was induced by pretreatment of captopril and enalapril. Intraplantar administration of SP for 3 days induces mechanical allodynia, and this effect was reduced by exogenous ACE administration. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of ACE increases the levels of SP in both the lumbar DRG and spinal cord dorsal horn, ultimately contributing to the induction of mechanical allodynia in mice.
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18
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Ciaccio M, Lo Sasso B, Scazzone C, Gambino CM, Ciaccio AM, Bivona G, Piccoli T, Giglio RV, Agnello L. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:305. [PMID: 33673697 PMCID: PMC7997244 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a neurotropic virus with a high neuroinvasive potential. Indeed, more than one-third of patients develop neurological symptoms, including confusion, headache, and hypogeusia/ageusia. However, long-term neurological consequences have received little interest compared to respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal manifestations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential SARS-CoV-2 neurological injury that could lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A mutualistic relationship between AD and COVID-19 seems to exist. On the one hand, COVID-19 patients seem to be more prone to developing AD. On the other hand, AD patients could be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. In this review, we sought to provide an overview on the relationship between AD and COVID-19, focusing on the potential role of biomarkers, which could represent precious tool for early identification of COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ciaccio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scazzone
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Ciaccio
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
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19
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Brusco I, Justino AB, Silva CR, Scussel R, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Oliveira SM. Inhibitors of angiotensin I converting enzyme potentiate fibromyalgia-like pain symptoms via kinin receptors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173870. [PMID: 33476653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a potentially disabling chronic disease, characterized by widespread pain and a range of comorbidities such as hypertension. Among the mechanisms involved in fibromyalgia-like pain symptoms are kinins and their B1 and B2 receptors. Moreover, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, commonly used as antihypertensive drugs, can enhance pain by blocking the degradation of peptides such as substance P and bradykinin, besides enhancing kinin receptors signalling. We investigated the effect of ACE inhibitors on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like pain symptoms and the involvement of kinins in this effect in mice. Nociceptive parameters (mechanical and cold allodynia and overt nociception) were evaluated after ACE inhibitors administration in mice previously treated with reserpine. The role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors was investigated using pharmacological antagonism. Additionally, bradykinin levels, as well as the activity of ACE and kininase I, were measured in the sciatic nerve, spinal cord and cerebral cortex of the mice. The ACE inhibitors enalapril and captopril enhanced reserpine-induced mechanical allodynia, and this increase was prevented by kinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists. Substance P and bradykinin caused overt nociception and increased mechanical allodynia in animals treated with reserpine. Reserpine plus ACE inhibitors increased bradykinin-related peptide levels and inhibited ACE activity in pain modulation structures. Since hypertension is a frequent comorbidity affecting fibromyalgia patients, hypertension treatment with ACE inhibitors in these patients should be reviewed once this could enhance fibromyalgia-like pain symptoms. Thus, the treatment of hypertensive patients with fibromyalgia could include other classes of antihypertensive drugs, different from ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiara Brusco
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cássia Regina Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rahisa Scussel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Academic Unit, University of Extreme South Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Dolatshahi M, Sabahi M, Aarabi MH. Pathophysiological Clues to How the Emergent SARS-CoV-2 Can Potentially Increase the Susceptibility to Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2379-2394. [PMID: 33417221 PMCID: PMC7791539 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Along with emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019, a myriad of neurologic symptoms, associated with structural brain changes, were reported. In this paper, we provide evidence to critically discuss the claim that the survived patients could possibly be at increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases via various mechanisms. This virus can directly invade the brain through olfactory bulb, retrograde axonal transport from peripheral nerve endings, or via hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Infection of the neurons along with peripheral leukocytes activation results in pro-inflammatory cytokine increment, rendering the brain to neurodegenerative changes. Also, occupation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) with the virus may lead to a decline in ACE-2 activity, which acts as a neuroprotective factor. Furthermore, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septicemia induce hypoxemia and hypoperfusion, which are locally exacerbated due to the hypercoagulable state and micro-thrombosis in brain vessels, leading to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Common risk factors for COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases, such as metabolic risk factors, genetic predispositions, and even gut microbiota dysbiosis, can contribute to higher occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases in COVID-19 survivors. However, it should be considered that severity of the infection, the extent of neurologic symptoms, and the persistence of viral infection consequences are major determinants of this association. Importantly, whether this pandemic will increase the overall incidence of neurodegeneration is not clear, as a high percentage of patients with severe form of COVID-19 might probably not survive enough to develop neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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21
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AT1R/GSK-3 β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8864323. [PMID: 33425219 PMCID: PMC7773460 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8864323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The focus of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on neuronal apoptosis after HIE and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Primary neonatal rat cortical neurons were used to study the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. The expressions of Ang II, AT1R, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, mTOR, p-mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via western blot. IF and flow cytometry were used to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Ang II in vivo. Cerebral infarction areas were detected by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The righting and geotaxis reflexes were also recorded. In addition, Fluoro-Jade C staining and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Results Ang II significantly increased the rate of neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and downregulated Bcl-2/Bax ratio after OGD insult. For vivo assay, the expressions of endogenous Ang II and AT1R gradually increased and peaked at 24 h after HIE. Ang II increased NeuN-positive AT1R cell expression. In addition, Ang II increased the area of cerebral infarction, promoted neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, aggravated neurological deficits on righting and geotaxis reflexes, and was accompanied by increased expressions of phosphorylated GSK-3β and mTOR. The application of valsartan (Ang II inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) reversed these phenomena triggered by Ang II following HIE. Conclusion Ang II increased neuronal apoptosis through the AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR signaling pathway after experimental HIE both in vitro and in vivo, and Ang II may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate brain injury after HIE.
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22
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Calabrese V, Scuto M, Salinaro AT, Dionisio G, Modafferi S, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto S, Schmitt CP, Calabrese EJ, Peters V. Hydrogen Sulfide and Carnosine: Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Kidney and Brain Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121303. [PMID: 33353117 PMCID: PMC7767317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis and chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney and brain disorders. In this light, endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exert cytoprotective actions through the modulation of redox-dependent resilience pathways during oxidative stress and inflammation. Several recent studies have elucidated a functional crosstalk occurring between kidney and the brain. The pathophysiological link of this crosstalk is represented by oxidative stress and inflammatory processes which contribute to the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia during the natural history of chronic kidney disease. Herein, we provide an overview of the main pathophysiological mechanisms related to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neurotoxins, which play a critical role in the kidney–brain crosstalk. The present paper also explores the respective role of H2S and carnosine in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney–brain axis. It suggests that these activities are likely mediated, at least in part, via hormetic processes, involving Nrf2 (Nuclear factor-like 2), Hsp 70 (heat shock protein 70), SIRT-1 (Sirtuin-1), Trx (Thioredoxin), and the glutathione system. Metabolic interactions at the kidney and brain axis level operate in controlling and reducing oxidant-induced inflammatory damage and therefore, can be a promising potential therapeutic target to reduce the severity of renal and brain injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Dionisio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.P.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.P.S.); (V.P.)
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23
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Follmer C. Viral Infection-Induced Gut Dysbiosis, Neuroinflammation, and α-Synuclein Aggregation: Updates and Perspectives on COVID-19 and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4012-4016. [PMID: 33244974 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained increased attention in the neuroscience community, especially taking into account the neuroinvasive potential of its causative agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the impact of its infection on the structure and function of the brain. Apart from the neurotropic properties of SARS-CoV-2, it is likewise important the observation that virus infection may perturb specific cellular processes that are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diverse neurological disorders, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this scenario, viral infection-induced colon inflammation, gut microbial imbalance, and α-synuclein upregulation are of particular interest with regard to the interplay between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (microbiome-gut-brain axis). In this Perspective, we present a critical view on the different hypotheses that are recently being raised by neuroscientists about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-lasting neurodegenerative disorders, opening the question of whether COVID-19 might represent a risk factor for the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Follmer
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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24
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R, Franco-Lira M, Kulesza R, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Brito-Aguilar R, García-Arreola B, Revueltas-Ficachi P, Barrera-Velázquez JA, García-Alonso G, García-Rojas E, Mukherjee PS, Delgado-Chávez R. Environmental Nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2 Brain Involvement, and Potential Acceleration of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:479-503. [PMID: 32955466 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) have a pediatric and young adult onset in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). The SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic RNA virus is triggering neurological complications and deep concern regarding acceleration of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes already in progress. This review, based on our MMC experience, will discuss two major issues: 1) why residents chronically exposed to air pollution are likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 systemic and brain effects and 2) why young people with AD and PD already in progress will accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Secondary mental consequences of social distancing and isolation, fear, financial insecurity, violence, poor health support, and lack of understanding of the complex crisis are expected in MMC residents infected or free of SARS-CoV-2. MMC residents with pre-SARS-CoV-2 accumulation of misfolded proteins diagnostic of AD and PD and metal-rich, magnetic nanoparticles damaging key neural organelles are an ideal host for neurotropic SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus invading the body through the same portals damaged by nanoparticles: nasal olfactory epithelium, the gastrointestinal tract, and the alveolar-capillary portal. We urgently need MMC multicenter retrospective-prospective neurological and psychiatric population follow-up and intervention strategies in place in case of acceleration of neurodegenerative processes, increased risk of suicide, and mental disease worsening. Identification of vulnerable populations and continuous effort to lower air pollution ought to be critical steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricela Franco-Lira
- Colegio de Bachilleres Militarizado, "General Mariano Escobedo", Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Randy Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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25
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Li Z, Xu X, Yang M, Feng J, Liu C, Yang C. Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in neurodegenerative diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24453-24461. [PMID: 33197881 PMCID: PMC7762468 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for infecting and spreading in humans. Studies have shown that the widespread expression of ACE2 in human tissues may be associated with organ function damage (e.g., lung, kidney, and stomach) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, in neurodegenerative diseases, whose pathogenesis is closely related to advanced age, ACE2 plays a neurotrophic and protective role by activating the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis, thus inhibiting cognitive impairment. Early reports have revealed that the elderly are more susceptible to COVID-19 and that elderly patients with COVID-19 have faster disease progression and higher mortality. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to understand the role of ACE2 in neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the relationship between COVID-19, neurodegenerative diseases, and ACE2, as well as provide recommendations for the protection of elderly patients with neurodegenerative diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianping Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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26
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Abstract
The view that chronic heart failure was exclusively a disease of the heart dominated the cardiovascular literature until relatively recently. However, over the last 40 years it has increasingly come to be seen as a multisystem disease. Aside from changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, adaptations to the lungs, muscles and gastrointestinal tract have been clearly documented. It is clear that the brain and CNS are also affected in patients with heart failure, although this is often under recognized. The purpose of this review is to summarize the changes in the structure and biochemical function of the CNS in patients with chronic heart failure and to discuss their potential importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK
| | - David H MacIver
- Department of Cardiology, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK.,Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stuart D Rosen
- Ealing & Royal Brompton Hospitals, Uxbridge Rd, Southall, UB1 3HW, UK.,Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
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27
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Merz SF, Bengtson CP, Tepohl C, Hagenston AM, Bading H, Bas-Orth C. A microscopy-based small molecule screen in primary neurons reveals neuroprotective properties of the FDA-approved anti-viral drug Elvitegravir. Mol Brain 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32928261 PMCID: PMC7489219 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate toxicity is a pathomechanism that contributes to neuronal cell death in a wide range of acute and chronic neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor and breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential are key events during glutamate toxicity. Due to its manifold functions in nervous system physiology, however, the NMDA receptor is not well suited as a drug target. To identify novel compounds that act downstream of toxic NMDA receptor signaling and can protect mitochondria from glutamate toxicity, we developed a cell viability screening assay in primary mouse cortical neurons. In a proof-of-principle screen we tested 146 natural products and 424 FDA-approved drugs for their ability to protect neurons against NMDA-induced cell death. We confirmed several known neuroprotective drugs that include Dutasteride, Enalapril, Finasteride, Haloperidol, and Oxybutynin, and we identified neuroprotective properties of Elvitegravir. Using live imaging of tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester-labelled primary cortical neurons, we found that Elvitegravir, Dutasteride, and Oxybutynin attenuated the NMDA-induced breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Patch clamp electrophysiological recordings in NMDA receptor-expressing HEK293 cell lines and primary mouse hippocampal neurons revealed that Elvitegravir does not act at the NMDA receptor and does not affect the function of glutamatergic synapses. In summary, we have developed a cost-effective and easy-to-implement screening assay in primary neurons and identified Elvitegravir as a neuro- and mitoprotective drug that acts downstream of the NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Merz
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Tepohl
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Chen VCH, Chan HL, Wu SI, Lu ML, Dewey ME, Stewart R, Lee CTC. Methylphenidate and mortality in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: population-based cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 220:1-9. [PMID: 32662370 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about methylphenidate (MPH) use and mortality outcomes. AIMS To investigate the association between MPH use and mortality among children with an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. METHOD This population-based cohort study analysed data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). A total of 68 096 children and adolescents aged 4-17 years with an ADHD diagnosis and prescribed MPH between 2000 and 2010 were compared with 68 096 without an MPH prescription, matched on age, gender and year of first ADHD diagnosis. All participants were followed to death, migration, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance programme or 31 December 2013. MPH prescriptions were measured on a yearly basis during the study period, and the association between MPH use and mortality was analysed using a repeated-measures time-dependent Cox regression model. The outcome measures included all-cause, unnatural-cause (including suicide, accident and homicide) and natural-cause mortality, obtained from linkage to the National Mortality Register in Taiwan. RESULTS The MPH group had lower unadjusted all-cause, natural-, unnatural- and accident-cause mortality than the comparison group. After controlling for potential confounders, MPH use was associated with a significantly lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio AHR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.98, P = 0.027), delayed use of MPH was associated with higher mortality (AHR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) and longer MPH use was associated with lower mortality (AHR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.98). CONCLUSIONS MPH use is associated with a reduced overall mortality in children with ADHD in this cohort study, but unmeasured confounding cannot be excluded absolutely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi; and Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan; and Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital & School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Michael E Dewey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charles Tzu-Chi Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Lim KH, Yang S, Kim SH, Joo JY. Elevation of ACE2 as a SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. J Infect 2020; 81:e33-e34. [PMID: 32619698 PMCID: PMC7834154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
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30
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PFEIFFER RUTHM, MAYER BERND, KUNCL RALPHW, CHECK DAVIDP, CAHOON ELIZABETHK, RIVERA DONNAR, FREEDMAN DMICHAL. Identifying potential targets for prevention and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on a screen of medicare prescription drugs. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:235-245. [PMID: 31684770 PMCID: PMC9930913 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1682613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Few well-established factors are associated with risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We comprehensively evaluate prescription drugs use in administrative health claims from U.S. Medicare beneficiaries in relation to ALS risk to generate hypotheses for further research. Methods: This is a population-based case-control study of 10,450 U.S. Medicare participants (ages 66-89 years) diagnosed with ALS, based on Medicare Parts A and B fee-for-service claims, between 1 January 2008, and 31 December 2014, and 104,500 controls (1:10 ratio) frequency-matched on age, sex, and selection year. Odds ratios (ORs) for the ALS association with 685 prescription drugs were estimated using logistic regression models for both a one- and three-year lag period. Covariates included demographic characteristics and key comorbidities, among other factors. Prescription drug use was based on Medicare Part D claims. We adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Bonferroni correction. Additional a priori analyses of sex hormone drugs were also undertaken. Results: In the large drug screen, we found 10 drugs significantly associated with lower ALS risk after the multiple-testing correction in a one-year and three-year lag analysis. These included several drugs for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In a separate a priori inquiry of sex hormone drugs, tamoxifen was related to lower ALS risk, and testosterone to a higher risk in women. Conclusions: These associations warrant replication in databases that include information on the severity and duration of medical conditions underlying drug use, and drug use over a longer portion of individuals' lifespans, to further help evaluate confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- RUTH M. PFEIFFER
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - BERND MAYER
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - RALPH W. KUNCL
- Department of Biology, University of the Redlands, Redlands, CA, USA
| | - DAVID P. CHECK
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - ELIZABETH K. CAHOON
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - DONNA R. RIVERA
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D. MICHAL FREEDMAN
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Kandasamy M. Perspectives for the use of therapeutic Botulinum toxin as a multifaceted candidate drug to attenuate COVID-19. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 6:100042. [PMID: 32352081 PMCID: PMC7189194 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulting from a distinctive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve in many countries and pose life-threatening clinical issues to global public health. While the lungs are the primary target for the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathological consequence, the virus appears to invade the brain and cause unpredicted neurological deficits. In the later stage, COVID-19 can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, neurodegeneration and multi-organ dysfunctions leading to death. Though a significant portion of individuals with COVID-19 has been recovering from clinical symptoms, the pathological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the structural and functional properties of the lungs, heart, brain and other organs at the post-recovery state remains unknown. Presently, there is an urgent need for a remedial measure to combat this devastating COVID-19. Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins that can induce paralysis of muscle and acute respiratory arrest in humans. However, a mild dose of the purified form of BoNT has been known to attenuate chronic cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, abnormal circulation, cardiac defects and various neurological deficits that have been recognised as the prominent clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Considering the fact, this review article provides 1) an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 mediated pathological impact on the lungs, heart and brain, 2) signifies the therapeutic uses of BoNTs against pulmonary failure, cardiac arrest and neurological deficits, and 3) emphasize the rationality for the possible use of BoNT to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and manage COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620024, Tamilnadu, India.
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32
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Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system suppresses hydroxyl radical production in the rat striatum during carbon monoxide poisoning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2602. [PMID: 32054947 PMCID: PMC7018774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in brain damage during carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Severe poisoning induced by CO at 3000 ppm, but not 1000 ppm, enhances hydroxyl radical (˙OH) production in the rat striatum, which might be mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation associated with Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) via cAMP signaling pathway activation. CO-induced ˙OH production was suppressed by antagonists of angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) and type 2 receptor (AT2R) but not an antagonist of the Mas receptor. Suppression by an AT1R antagonist was unrelated to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors also suppressed CO-induced ˙OH production. Intrastriatal AngII at high concentrations enhanced ˙OH production. However, the enhancement of ˙OH production was resistant to inhibitors selective for NOX and Rac and to AT1R and AT2R antagonists. This indicates a different mechanism for ˙OH production induced by AngII than for that induced by CO poisoning. AT1R and AT2R antagonists had no significant effects on CO-induced cAMP production or ˙OH production induced by forskolin, which stimulates cAMP production. These findings suggest that the renin-angiotensin system might be involved in CO-induced ˙OH production in a manner independent of cAMP signaling pathways.
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33
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Oyagbemi AA, Adebiyi OE, Adigun KO, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Hassan FO, Folarin OR, Adebayo AK, Adejumobi OA, Asenuga ER, Ola-Davies OE, Omobowale TO, Olopade JO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Clofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, abrogates sodium fluoride-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor incoordination via modulation of GFAP/Iba-1/anti-calbindin signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:242-253. [PMID: 31710167 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is an environmental contaminant that is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It is commonly added in minute quantity to drinking water, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to prevent tooth decay. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that exposure to fluoride induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and motor disorders. The neuroprotective effect of clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, was investigated in the present study. Forty male Wistar rats were used for this study and randomly grouped into 10 rats per group as control, sodium fluoride (NaF) alone (300 ppm), NaF plus clofibrate (250 mg/kg), and NaF plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 7 days. NaF was administered in drinking water while clofibrate and lisinopril were administered by oral gavage. Markers of neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, and neurobehavioral (hanging wire and open field) tests were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on brain tissues, and they were probed with glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, and cerebellar Ca2+ -binding protein calbindin-D28k. The results showed that NaF significantly increased of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and inhibited AChE activity. Immunostaining showed reactive astrocytes, microgliosis, loss of dendritic spines, and arborization in Purkinje cells in rats administered only NaF. Neurobehavioral results showed that cotreatment of NaF with clofibrate improved muscular strength and locomotion, reduced anxiety, and significantly reduced astrocytic count. Overall, cotreatment of NaF with either clofibrate or lisinopril showed neuroprotective effects by mitigating neuronal inflammation and oxidative and motor incoordination. Hence, clofibrate could be seen as a novel drug candidate against neurodegeneration and motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olamide E Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kabirat O Adigun
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing S Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat O Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwabusayo R Folarin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji K Adebayo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa A Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa R Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke E Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo O Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James O Olopade
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale B Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu A Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sanah M Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Momoh A Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
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Nani JV, Yonamine CM, Castro Musial D, Dal Mas C, Mari JJ, Hayashi MAF. ACE activity in blood and brain axis in an animal model for schizophrenia: Effects of dopaminergic manipulation with antipsychotics and psychostimulants. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:53-63. [PMID: 30806143 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1583372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was initially correlated with schizophrenia (SCZ) in studies showing a correlation of ACE increased enzyme activity with memory impairments. Possible role for ACE in SCZ was also suggested by ACE activity interaction with dopaminergic mechanisms to modulate abnormalities of sensorimotor gating. In addition, we have demonstrated higher ACE activity in blood of SCZ subjects, its implication in cognitive performance in SCZ and its power as a predictor for SCZ diagnosis.Methods: ACE activity was determined in the serum and in selected brain regions of an animal model presenting SCZ-like behaviour, before and after the treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics, and also in the serum of animals receiving the psychostimulants amphetamine/lisdexamphetamine.Results: Dopaminergic manipulations with antipsychotics and psychostimulants influenced the ACE activity, but with no correlation with the animal blood pressure.Conclusions: The validity of measuring ACE activity in animal blood to predict activity in the CNS, as well as the lack of correlation between the activity and blood pressure, before and after the treatment with antipsychotics, were confirmed here. Correlations of the present findings with data from clinical studies also strengthen the value of this animal model for studying several aspects of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V Nani
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila M Yonamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Castro Musial
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dal Mas
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jair J Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Simões E Silva AC, Miranda AS, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL. Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:932. [PMID: 31474869 PMCID: PMC6707423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety disorders, and cognitive impairment are prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These conditions often make worse the quality of life and also lead to longer hospitalizations and higher mortality. Over the past decades, some hypotheses have tried to explain the connection between CKD and neuropsychiatric disorders. The most common hypothesis is based on the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease and accumulated uremic toxins in adult patients with CKD. However, the lack of a direct association between known vascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes and hypertension) with CKD-related cognitive deficits suggests that other mechanisms may also play a role in the pathophysiology shared by renal and neuropsychiatric diseases. This hypothesis is corroborated by the occurrence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in pediatric patients with CKD preceding vascular damage, and the inconsistent findings on neuroprotective effects of antihypertensives. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize clinical evidence and potential mechanisms that links CKD and brain disorders, specifically in regard to cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Houston, Brazil
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Type II diabetes mellitus and the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2019; 266:2233-2243. [PMID: 31152300 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ALS incidence using the National Health Insurance Research Database and Serious Disabling Disease database of Taiwan. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study. The index date was the date of the first T2DM diagnosis + 365 days. We included T2DM patients diagnosis between 2000 and 2013 (n = 2,135,427). These patients were matched by sex, age, urbanization, and insurance premium at a ratio of 1:1 to include patients without diabetes mellitus. Competing risk-adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between T2DM and the incidence of ALS. RESULTS In the patients not stratified by age, T2DM was not associated with the incidence of ALS after controlling for confounding factors. The interaction test of age subgroup (< 55 and ≥ 55 years) and T2DM on ALS risk was significance (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that T2DM was negatively associated with ALS in patients whose age at the first T2DM diagnosis was ≥ 55 years. Among T2DM patients, T2DM combined with hypertension was negatively associated with ALS among patients whose age at the first T2DM diagnosis was ≥ 55 years. Among T2DM patients, T2DM combined with hyperlipidemia was positively associated with ALS among patients whose age at the first T2DM diagnosis was < 55 years. CONCLUSIONS The late-onset of T2DM may exert negative association with ALS, especially when combined with hypertension. The early-onset of T2DM may exert positive association with ALS, especially when combined with hyperlipidemia.
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The depressor axis of the renin–angiotensin system and brain disorders: a translational approach. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1021-1038. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All the components of the classic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been identified in the brain. Today, the RAS is considered to be composed mainly of two axes: the pressor axis, represented by angiotensin (Ang) II/angiotensin-converting enzyme/AT1 receptors, and the depressor and protective one, represented by Ang-(1–7)/ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Mas receptors. Although the RAS exerts a pivotal role on electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation, their components are also implicated in higher brain functions, including cognition, memory, anxiety and depression, and several neurological disorders. Overactivity of the pressor axis of the RAS has been implicated in stroke and several brain disorders, such as cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer or Parkinson’s disease. The present review is focused on the role of the protective axis of the RAS in brain disorders beyond its effects on blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, the use of drugs targeting centrally RAS and its beneficial effects on brain disorders are also discussed.
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Asraf K, Torika N, Apte RN, Fleisher-Berkovich S. Microglial Activation Is Modulated by Captopril: in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:116. [PMID: 29765306 PMCID: PMC5938337 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important peripheral system involved in homeostasis modulation, with angiotensin II (Ang II) serving as the main effector hormone. The main enzyme involved in Ang II formation is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) such as captopril (Cap) are predominantly used for the management of hypertension. All of the components of the RAS have also been identified in brain. Centrally located hormones such as Ang II can induce glial inflammation. Moreover, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models, where glial inflammation occurs and is thought to contribute to the propagation of the disease, increased levels of Ang II and ACE have been detected. Interestingly, ACE overexpression in monocytes, migrating to the brain was shown to prevent AD cognitive decline. However, the specific effects of captopril on glial inflammation and AD remain obscure. In the present study, we investigated the effect of captopril, given at a wide concentration range, on inflammatory mediators released by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated glia. In the current study, both primary glial cells and the BV2 microglial cell line were used. Captopril decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release from primary mixed glial cells as well as regulating inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and induced interleukin-10 (IL-10) production by BV2 microglia. We further obtained data regarding intranasal effects of captopril on cortical amyloid β (Aβ) and CD11b expression in 5XFAD cortex over three different time periods. Interestingly, we noted decreases in Aβ burden in captopril-treated mice over time which was paralleled by increased microglial activation. These results thus shed light on the neuroprotective role of captopril in AD which might be related to modulation of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Asraf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Nofar Torika
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Sigal Fleisher-Berkovich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Jiang L, Zhu R, Bu Q, Li Y, Shao X, Gu H, Kong J, Luo L, Long H, Guo W, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion and Neurotoxicity. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:500-510. [PMID: 29464572 PMCID: PMC5935642 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse has become a major public health concern worldwide without approved pharmacotherapies. The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the regulation of neuronal function as well as neurological disorders. Angiotensin II (Ang II), which interacts with Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) in the brain, plays an important role as a neuromodulator in dopaminergic transmission. However, the role of brain RAS in METH-induced behavior is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that repeated METH administration significantly upregulated the expression of AT1-R in the striatum of mice, but downregulated dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) expression. A specific AT1-R blocker telmisartan, which can penetrate the brain-blood barrier (BBB), or genetic deletion of AT1-R was sufficient to attenuate METH-triggered hyperlocomotion in mice. However, intraperitoneal injection of AT1-R blocker losartan, which cannot penetrate BBB, failed to attenuate METH-induced behavior. Moreover, intra-striatum re-expression of AT1 with lentiviral virus expressing AT1 reversed the weakened locomotor activity of AT1-/- mice treated with METH. Losartan alleviated METH-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells in vitro, which was accompanied by upregulated expressions of D3R and dopamine transporter. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of perindopril, which is a specific ACE inhibitor and can penetrate BBB, significantly attenuated METH-induced hyperlocomotor activity. Collectively, our results show that blockade of brain RAS attenuates METH-induced hyperlocomotion and neurotoxicity possibly through modulation of D3R expression. Our findings reveal a novel role of Ang II-AT1-R in METH-induced hyperlocomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Shao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Gu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jueying Kong
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hailei Long
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Guo
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Naletova I, Nicoletti VG, Milardi D, Pietropaolo A, Grasso G. Copper, differently from zinc, affects the conformation, oligomerization state and activity of bradykinin. Metallomics 2017; 8:750-61. [PMID: 27328010 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The sole role of bradykinin (BK) as an inflammatory mediator is controversial, as recent data also support an anti-inflammatory role for BK in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The involvement of two different receptors (B1R and B2R) could be a key to understand this issue. However, although copper and zinc dyshomeostasis has been demonstrated to be largely involved in the development of AD, a detailed study of the interaction of BK with these two metal ions has never been addressed. In this work, we have applied mass spectrometry, circular dichroism as well as computational methods in order to assess if copper and zinc have the ability to modulate the conformation and oligomerization of BK. In addition, we have correlated the chemical data with the effect of metals on the activity of BK analyzed in cell cultures by biochemical procedures. The biochemical analyses on monocyte/macrophage cell culture (THP-1 Cell Line human) in line with the effect of metals on the conformation of BK showed that the presence of copper can affect the signaling cascade mediated by the BK receptors. The results obtained show a further role of metal ions, particularly copper, in the development and outcome of neuroinflammatory diseases. The possible implications in AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche "BIOMETEC", Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy. and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 1-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo G Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche "BIOMETEC", Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy. and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 1-70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Huo Z, Luo X, Zhan X, Chu Q, Xu Q, Yao J, Pang H. Genetic analysis of indel markers in three loci associated with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184269. [PMID: 28873462 PMCID: PMC5584932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal mutations and genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been extensively described. To explore the potential contribution of insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphisms (indels) to the risk of PD in a Chinese population, we performed genetic analyses of indel loci in ACE, DJ-1, and GIGYF2 genes. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of 348 PD patients and 325 age- and sex-matched controls without neurodegenerative disease. Genotyping of the indel loci was performed by fragment length analysis after PCR and DNA sequencing. Our results showed a statistically significant association for both allele X (alleles without 5) vs. 5 (odds ratio = 1.378, 95% confidence interval = 1.112–1.708, P = 0.003) and genotype 5/X+X/X vs. 5/5 (odds ratio = 1.681, 95% confidence interval = 1.174–2.407, P = 0.004) in the GIGYF2 locus; however, no significant differences were detected for the ACE and DJ-1 indels. After stratification by gender, no significant differences were observed in any indels. These results indicate that the GIGYF2 indel may be associated with increased risk of PD in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Huo
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, P.R., China
| | - Xiaoguang Luo
- Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R., China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, P.R., China
| | - Qiaohong Chu
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, P.R., China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, P.R., China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, P.R., China
| | - Hao Pang
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, P.R., China
- * E-mail:
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Miranda A, Cordeiro T, dos Santos Lacerda Soares TM, Ferreira R, Simões e Silva A. Kidney–brain axis inflammatory cross-talk: from bench to bedside. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1093-1105. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data suggest that individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This risk is generally explained by the high prevalence of both symptomatic and subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular lesions. However, other potential mechanisms, including cytokine/chemokine release, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), circulating and local formation of trophic factors and of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, could also be involved, especially in the absence of obvious cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence for the role of these mechanisms in kidney–brain cross-talk. In addition, we hypothesize potential pathways for the interactions between kidney and brain and their pathophysiological role in neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes found in patients with CKD. Understanding the pathophysiologic interactions between renal impairment and brain function is important in order to minimize the risk for future cognitive impairment and to develop new strategies for innovative pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macedo Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Lind AL, Emami Khoonsari P, Sjödin M, Katila L, Wetterhall M, Gordh T, Kultima K. Spinal Cord Stimulation Alters Protein Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neuropathic Pain Patients: A Proteomic Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Neuromodulation 2017; 19:549-62. [PMID: 27513633 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electrical neuromodulation by spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established method for treatment of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism behind the pain relieving effect in patients remains largely unknown. In this study, we target the human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome, a little investigated aspect of SCS mechanism of action. METHODS Two different proteomic mass spectrometry protocols were used to analyze the CSF of 14 SCS responsive neuropathic pain patients. Each patient acted as his or her own control and protein content was compared when the stimulator was turned off for 48 hours, and after the stimulator had been used as normal for three weeks. RESULTS Eighty-six proteins were statistically significantly altered in the CSF of neuropathic pain patients using SCS, when comparing the stimulator off condition to the stimulator on condition. The top 12 of the altered proteins are involved in neuroprotection (clusterin, gelsolin, mimecan, angiotensinogen, secretogranin-1, amyloid beta A4 protein), synaptic plasticity/learning/memory (gelsolin, apolipoprotein C1, apolipoprotein E, contactin-1, neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein), nociceptive signaling (neurosecretory protein VGF), and immune regulation (dickkopf-related protein 3). CONCLUSION Previously unknown effects of SCS on levels of proteins involved in neuroprotection, nociceptive signaling, immune regulation, and synaptic plasticity are demonstrated. These findings, in the CSF of neuropathic pain patients, expand the picture of SCS effects on the neurochemical environment of the human spinal cord. An improved understanding of SCS mechanism may lead to new tracks of investigation and improved treatment strategies for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Li Lind
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Sjödin
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala//GE Healthcare, Sweden
| | - Lenka Katila
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wetterhall
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala//GE Healthcare, Sweden
| | - Torsten Gordh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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de Tommaso M, Kunz M, Valeriani M. Therapeutic approach to pain in neurodegenerative diseases: current evidence and perspectives. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:143-153. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1210512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Tommaso
- Neurophysiopathology of Pain Section, SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Miriam Kunz
- Department of General Practice, Section Gerontology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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de Tommaso M, Arendt-Nielsen L, Defrin R, Kunz M, Pickering G, Valeriani M. Pain in Neurodegenerative Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Behav Neurol 2016; 2016:7576292. [PMID: 27313396 PMCID: PMC4904074 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7576292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are going to increase as the life expectancy is getting longer. The management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD related disorders, motor neuron diseases (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is mainly addressed to motor and cognitive impairment, with special care to vital functions as breathing and feeding. Many of these patients complain of painful symptoms though their origin is variable, and their presence is frequently not considered in the treatment guidelines, leaving their management to the decision of the clinicians alone. However, studies focusing on pain frequency in such disorders suggest a high prevalence of pain in selected populations from 38 to 75% in AD, 40% to 86% in PD, and 19 to 85% in MND. The methods of pain assessment vary between studies so the type of pain has been rarely reported. However, a prevalent nonneuropathic origin of pain emerged for MND and PD. In AD, no data on pain features are available. No controlled therapeutic trials and guidelines are currently available. Given the relevance of pain in neurodegenerative disorders, the comprehensive understanding of mechanisms and predisposing factors, the application and validation of specific scales, and new specific therapeutic trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Tommaso
- Neurophysiopathology of Pain Section, SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ruth Defrin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Kunz
- Department of General Practice, Section Gerontology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gisele Pickering
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Inserm, CIC 1405, Neurodol 1107, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Zhang H, Tong R, Bai L, Shi J, Ouyang L. Emerging targets and new small molecule therapies in Parkinson’s disease treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1419-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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