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Brouwer B, Della-Felice F, Illies JH, Iglesias-Moncayo E, Roelfes G, Drienovská I. Noncanonical Amino Acids: Bringing New-to-Nature Functionalities to Biocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39329413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has become an important component of modern organic chemistry, presenting an efficient and environmentally friendly approach to synthetic transformations. Advances in molecular biology, computational modeling, and protein engineering have unlocked the full potential of enzymes in various industrial applications. However, the inherent limitations of the natural building blocks have sparked a revolutionary shift. In vivo genetic incorporation of noncanonical amino acids exceeds the conventional 20 amino acids, opening new avenues for innovation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of applications of noncanonical amino acids in biocatalysis. We aim to examine the field from multiple perspectives, ranging from their impact on enzymatic reactions to the creation of novel active sites, and subsequent catalysis of new-to-nature reactions. Finally, we discuss the challenges, limitations, and promising opportunities within this dynamic research domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Brouwer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franco Della-Felice
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hendrik Illies
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilia Iglesias-Moncayo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Drienovská
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Suzuki W, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Teranishi T. Dioxygen Activation by Gold(I)-Distorted Porphyrin Dinuclear Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401242. [PMID: 38888030 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between gold-based materials and dioxygen (O2) have motivated researchers to understand reaction mechanisms for O2 activation by homo- and heterogeneous gold catalysts. In this work, gold(I) porphyrin dinuclear complexes were synthesized with a saddle-distorted porphyrin ligand. The gold(I) porphyrin complexes showed unprecedented O2 activation in the presence of protic solvents to form gold(III) tetradentate porphyrin complexes. Mechanistic insights into the O2 activation by the gold(I) center were elucidated by spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations, revealing that dissociation of halides on the gold(I) center by alcohol solvents and hydrogen bonding of an N-H proton in the distorted porphyrin with dioxygen played important roles in establishing the unique reactivities of gold(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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3
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Birch-Price Z, Hardy FJ, Lister TM, Kohn AR, Green AP. Noncanonical Amino Acids in Biocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8740-8786. [PMID: 38959423 PMCID: PMC11273360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) side chains. In this review, we will illustrate how the availability of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks has opened a wealth of new opportunities in enzymology and biocatalysis research. Genetic code reprogramming has provided new insights into enzyme mechanisms by allowing introduction of new spectroscopic probes and the targeted replacement of individual atoms or functional groups. NcAAs have also been used to develop engineered biocatalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as enzymes with artificial regulatory elements that are responsive to external stimuli. Perhaps most ambitiously, the combination of genetic code reprogramming and laboratory evolution has given rise to new classes of enzymes that use ncAAs as key catalytic elements. With the framework for developing ncAA-containing biocatalysts now firmly established, we are optimistic that genetic code reprogramming will become a progressively more powerful tool in the armory of enzyme designers and engineers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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4
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Juda CE, Handford RC, Bartholomew AK, Powers TM, Gu NX, Meyer E, Roth N, Chen YS, Zheng SL, Betley TA. Cluster dynamics of heterometallic trinuclear clusters during ligand substitution, redox chemistry, and group transfer processes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8242-8248. [PMID: 38817579 PMCID: PMC11134326 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stepwise metalation of the hexadentate ligand tbsLH6 (tbsLH6 = 1,3,5-C6H9(NHC6H4-o-NHSiMe2tBu)3) affords bimetallic trinuclear clusters (tbsL)Fe2Zn(thf) and (tbsL)Fe2Zn(py). Reactivity studies were pursued to understand metal atom lability as the clusters undergo ligand substitution, redox chemistry, and group transfer processes. Chloride addition to (tbsL)Fe2Zn(thf) resulted in a mixture of species including both all-zinc and all-iron products. Addition of ArN3 (Ar = Ph, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) to (tbsL)Fe2Zn(py) yielded a mixture of two trinuclear products: (tbsL)Fe3(μ3-NAr) and (tbsL)Fe2Zn(μ3-NAr)(py). The two imido species were separated via crystallization, and outer sphere reduction of (tbsL)Fe2Zn(μ3-NAr)(py) resulted in the formation of a single product, [2,2,2-crypt(K)][(tbsL)Fe2Zn(μ3-NAr)]. These results provide insight into the relationship between heterometallic cluster structure and substitutional lability and could help inform both future catalyst design and our understanding of metal atom lability in bioinorganic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin E Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | - Tamara M Powers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Nina X Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Elisabeth Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Nikolaj Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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5
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Lionetti D, Suseno S, Shiau AA, de Ruiter G, Agapie T. Redox Processes Involving Oxygen: The Surprising Influence of Redox-Inactive Lewis Acids. JACS AU 2024; 4:344-368. [PMID: 38425928 PMCID: PMC10900226 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes with heteromultimetallic active sites perform chemical reactions that control several biogeochemical cycles. Transformations catalyzed by such enzymes include dioxygen generation and reduction, dinitrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction-instrumental transformations for progress in the context of artificial photosynthesis and sustainable fertilizer production. While the roles of the respective metals are of interest in all these enzymatic transformations, they share a common factor in the transfer of one or multiple redox equivalents. In light of this feature, it is surprising to find that incorporation of redox-inactive metals into the active site of such an enzyme is critical to its function. To illustrate, the presence of a redox-inactive Ca2+ center is crucial in the Oxygen Evolving Complex, and yet particularly intriguing given that the transformation catalyzed by this cluster is a redox process involving four electrons. Therefore, the effects of redox inactive metals on redox processes-electron transfer, oxygen- and hydrogen-atom transfer, and O-O bond cleavage and formation reactions-mediated by transition metals have been studied extensively. Significant effects of redox inactive metals have been observed on these redox transformations; linear free energy correlations between Lewis acidity and the redox properties of synthetic model complexes are observed for several reactions. In this Perspective, these effects and their relevance to multielectron processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Suseno
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Angela A. Shiau
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Biswas M, Dey S, Dhara S, Panda S, Lahiri GK. Metal-ligand synergy driven functionalisation of alkylene linked bis(aldimine) on a diruthenium(II) platform. Cyclisation versus oxygenation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2167-2180. [PMID: 38192265 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This article addresses the impact of metal-ligand redox cooperativity on the functionalisation of coordinated ligands. It demonstrates the structure-reactivity correlation of bis(aldimine) derived bis-bidentate L (Py-CHN-(CH2)n-NCH-Py, with n = 2 (L1), 3 (L2), 4 (L3)) as a function of the conformation (syn/anti) of its alkylene linker as well as the overall structural form (cis/trans) of (acac)2RuII(μ-L)RuII(acac)2 complex moieties (1-5) possessing an electron-rich acetylacetonate (acac) co-ligand. A systematic variation of the bridging alkylene unit of L in RuII/RuII-derived 1-5 led to the following reactivity/redox events, which were validated through structural, spectroscopic, electrochemical and theoretical evaluations: (i) Cyclisation of the ethylene linked (syn conformation) bis-aldimine unit of L1 via C-C coupling yielded pyrazine bridged (acac)2RuII(μ-L1')RuII(acac)2, 1a, while the corresponding anti-form (ethylene linker) of the metal-bound L1 in 2 ((acac)2RuII(μ-L1)RuII(acac)2) led to oxygenation at the ligand backbone (bis-aldimine (L) → bis(carboxamido) (L'')) via O2 activation to generate RuIIIRuIII-derived (acac)2RuIII(μ-L1''2-)RuIII(acac)2 (2a). (ii) Consequently, propylene and butylene linked L2 and L3 bridged between two {Ru(acac)2} units in 3 and 4/5 underwent oxygenation of L to L'' to yield diruthenium(III) complexes 3a and 4a/5a, respectively. (iii) In contrast, analogous L bridged oxidised [(acac)2RuIII(μ-L)RuIII(acac)2](ClO4)2 ([2](ClO4)2-[5](ClO4)2) and [{(PPh3)2(CO)(H)RuII}2(μ-L)](ClO4)2 ([6](ClO4)2-[8](ClO4)2) involving electron poor co-ligands failed to undergo the oxygenation of L irrespective of its n value, reemphasising the effective role of redox interplay between RuII and L particularly in the presence of an electron-rich acac co-ligand in the functionalisation of the latter in 1a-5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitrali Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sanchaita Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Suman Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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7
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Panda S, Phan H, Karlin KD. Heme-copper and Heme O 2-derived synthetic (bioinorganic) chemistry toward an understanding of cytochrome c oxidase dioxygen chemistry. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112367. [PMID: 37742491 PMCID: PMC10615892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), also widely known as mitochondrial electron-transport-chain complex IV, is a multi-subunit transmembrane protein responsible for catalyzing the last step of the electron transport chain, dioxygen reduction to water, which is essential to the establishment and maintenance of the membrane proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Although many intermediates in the CcO catalytic cycle have been spectroscopically and/or computationally authenticated, the specifics regarding the IP intermediate, hypothesized to be a heme-Cu (hydro)peroxo species whose O-O bond homolysis is supported by a hydrogen-bonding network of water molecules, are largely obscured by the fast kinetics of the A (FeIII-O2•-/CuI/Tyr) → PM (FeIV=O/CuII-OH/Tyr•) step. In this review, we have focused on the recent advancements in the design, development, and characterization of synthetic heme-peroxo‑copper model complexes, which can circumvent the abovementioned limitation, for the investigation of the formation of IP and its O-O cleavage chemistry. Novel findings regarding (a) proton and electron transfer (PT/ET) processes, together with their contributions to exogenous phenol induced O-O cleavage, (b) the stereo-electronic tunability of the secondary coordination sphere (especially hydrogen-bonding) on the geometric and spin state alteration of the heme-peroxo‑copper unit, and (c) a plausible mechanism for the Tyr-His cofactor biogenesis, are discussed in great detail. Additionally, since the ferric-superoxide and the ferryl-oxo (Compound II) species are critically involved in the CcO catalytic cycle, this review also highlights a few fundamental aspects of these heme-only (i.e., without copper) species, including the structural and reactivity influences of electron-donating trans-axial ligands and Lewis acid-promoted H-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hai Phan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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8
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Zhang HT, Xie F, Guo YH, Xiao Y, Zhang MT. Selective Four-Electron Reduction of Oxygen by a Nonheme Heterobimetallic CuFe Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310775. [PMID: 37837365 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the first nonheme CuFe oxygen reduction catalyst ([CuII (bpbp)(μ-OAc)2 FeIII ]2+ , CuFe-OAc), which serves as a functional model of cytochrome c oxidase and can catalyze oxygen reduction to water with a turnover frequency of 2.4×103 s-1 and selectivity of 96.0 % in the presence of Et3 NH+ . This performance significantly outcompetes its homobimetallic analogues (2.7 s-1 of CuCu-OAc with %H2 O2 selectivity of 98.9 %, and inactive of FeFe-OAc) under the same conditions. Structure-activity relationship studies, in combination with density functional theory calculation, show that the CuFe center efficiently mediates O-O bond cleavage via a CuII (μ-η1 : η2 -O2 )FeIII peroxo intermediate in which the peroxo ligand possesses distinctive coordinating and electronic character. Our work sheds light on the nature of Cu/Fe heterobimetallic cooperation in oxygen reduction catalysis and demonstrates the potential of this synergistic effect in the design of nonheme oxygen reduction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu-Hua Guo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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9
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Chowdhury SN, Biswas S, Das S, Biswas AN. Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of dioxygen reduction by a molecular Cu(II) catalyst bearing a pentadentate amidate ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11581-11590. [PMID: 37548356 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A pentadentate Cu(II) complex, [CuII(dpaq)](ClO4) (1), featuring a redox active ligand, H-dpaq (H-dpaq = 2-[bis(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)]amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamidate), catalyses four-electron reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (Fc*) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH) in acetone at 298 K. No catalytic oxygen reduction was observed in the presence of stronger Brønsted acids than CF3COOH, such as perchloric acid (HClO4) or trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (HOTf). In contrast, facile catalytic reduction of O2 occurs by Fc* with 1 and HClO4 or HOTf in dimethylformamide (DMF). The use of CF3COOH as the proton source in DMF results in the suppression of O2 reduction under otherwise identical reaction conditions. While the O2 reduction reactions in DMF are linearly dependent on the pKa of Brønsted acids, the acid dependence on catalytic O2-reduction reactivity by 1 in acetone showed complete reversal. Cyclic voltammetry studies using p-chloranil as the probe substrates in the presence of acids in the solvents reveal that the strengths of the protonic acids increase significantly in acetone compared to that in DMF. The amidate-N in [CuII(dpaq)](ClO4) (1) undergoes protonation in the presence of HClO4 or HOTf in DMF to form [CuII(H-dpaq)]2+ (1-H+), but not in the presence of CF3COOH. Enhanced acid strength of CF3COOH in acetone, however, effectively protonates 1 and triggers O2 reduction. Protonation of 1 with HClO4 or HOTf in acetone results in the change of its coordination environment, and this protonated species does not trigger O2 reduction. Detailed kinetic studies indicate that 1-H+ undergoes reduction by two-electrons and the reduced species binds O2 to form a Cu(II)-superoxo intermediate. This is followed by a rate-determining proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reduction to generate the Cu(II)-hydroperoxo intermediate. While catalytic O2 reduction in acetone occurs predominantly via a 4e-/4H+ pathway, product selectivity (H2O vs. H2O2) in DMF depends upon the concentration of the reductant (Fc*). While dioxygen reduction to H2O2 is favoured at low [Fc*], mechanistic studies suggest that O2 reduction with high [Fc*] proceeds via a [2e- + 2e-] mechanism, where the released H2O2 during catalysis is further reduced to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Narayan Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Sachidulal Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Achintesh N Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
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Sarkar S, Shah Tuglak Khan F, Guchhait T, Rath SP. Binuclear complexes with single M-F-M bridge (M: Fe, Mn, and Cu): A critical analysis of the impact of fluoride for isoelectronic hydroxide substitution. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Insertion of unnatural metal ligand in the heme pocket of nitrophorin through protein semi-synthesis: toward biomimicking binuclear active sites. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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12
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Kaur P, Verma I, Shashikant, Khanum G, Siddiqui N, Javed S, Arora H. Dimeric ZnII complex of carboxylate-appended (2-pyridyl)alkylamine ligand and Exploration of experimental, theoretical, molecular docking and electronic excitation studies of ligand. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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13
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Kerns S, Biswas A, Minnetian NM, Borovik AS. Artificial Metalloproteins: At the Interface between Biology and Chemistry. JACS AU 2022; 2:1252-1265. [PMID: 35783165 PMCID: PMC9241007 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metalloproteins (ArMs) have recently gained significant interest due to their potential to address issues in a broad scope of applications, including biocatalysis, biotechnology, protein assembly, and model chemistry. ArMs are assembled by the incorporation of a non-native metallocofactor into a protein scaffold. This can be achieved by a number of methods that apply tools of chemical biology, computational de novo design, and synthetic chemistry. In this Perspective, we highlight select systems in the hope of demonstrating the breadth of ArM design strategies and applications and emphasize how these systems address problems that are otherwise difficult to do so with strictly biochemical or synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer
A. Kerns
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural
Science II, Irvine, California 92797, United States
| | - Ankita Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural
Science II, Irvine, California 92797, United States
| | - Natalie M. Minnetian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural
Science II, Irvine, California 92797, United States
| | - A. S. Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural
Science II, Irvine, California 92797, United States
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14
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Amanullah S, Saha P, Dey A. Recent developments in the synthesis of bio-inspired iron porphyrins for small molecule activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5808-5828. [PMID: 35474535 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nature utilizes a diverse set of tetrapyrrole-based macrocycles (referred to as porphyrinoids) for catalyzing various biological processes. Investigation of the differences in electronic structure and reactivity in these reactions have revealed striking differences that lead to diverse reactivity from, apparently, similar looking active sites. Therefore, the role of the different heme cofactors as well as the distal superstructure in the proteins is important to understand. This article summarizes the role of a few synthetic metallo-porphyrinoids towards catalyzing several small molecule activation reactions, such as the ORR, NiRR, CO2RR, etc. The major focus of the article is to enlighten the synthetic routes to the well-decorated active-site mimic in a tailor-made fashion pursuing a retrosynthetic approach, learning from the biosynthesis of the cofactors. Techniques and the role of the second-sphere residues on the reaction rate, selectivity, etc. are incorporated emulating the basic amino acid residues fencing the active sites. These bioinspired mimics play an important role towards understanding the role of the prosthetic groups as well as the basic residues towards any reaction occurring in Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
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15
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Nayek A, Ahmed ME, Samanta S, Dinda S, Patra S, Dey SG, Dey A. Bioinorganic Chemistry on Electrodes: Methods to Functional Modeling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8402-8429. [PMID: 35503922 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the major goals of bioinorganic chemistry has been to mimic the function of elegant metalloenzymes. Such functional modeling has been difficult to attain in solution, in particular, for reactions that require multiple protons and multiple electrons (nH+/ne-). Using a combination of heterogeneous electrochemistry, electrode and molecule design one may control both electron transfer (ET) and proton transfer (PT) of these nH+/ne- reactions. Such control can allow functional modeling of hydrogenases (H+ + e- → 1/2 H2), cytochrome c oxidase (O2 + 4 e- + 4 H+ → 2 H2O), monooxygenases (RR'CH2 + O2 + 2 e- + 2 H+ → RR'CHOH + H2O) and dioxygenases (S + O2 → SO2; S = organic substrate) in aqueous medium and at room temperatures. In addition, these heterogeneous constructs allow probing unnatural bioinspired reactions and estimation of the inner- and outer-sphere reorganization energy of small molecules and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Md Estak Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Soumya Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Souvik Dinda
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Suman Patra
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
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16
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Bhunia S, Ghatak A, Dey A. Second Sphere Effects on Oxygen Reduction and Peroxide Activation by Mononuclear Iron Porphyrins and Related Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12370-12426. [PMID: 35404575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation and reduction of O2 and H2O2 by synthetic and biosynthetic iron porphyrin models have proved to be a versatile platform for evaluating second-sphere effects deemed important in naturally occurring heme active sites. Advances in synthetic techniques have made it possible to install different functional groups around the porphyrin ligand, recreating artificial analogues of the proximal and distal sites encountered in the heme proteins. Using judicious choices of these substituents, several of the elegant second-sphere effects that are proposed to be important in the reactivity of key heme proteins have been evaluated under controlled environments, adding fundamental insight into the roles played by these weak interactions in nature. This review presents a detailed description of these efforts and how these have not only demystified these second-sphere effects but also how the knowledge obtained resulted in functional mimics of these heme enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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17
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Ishigami I, Russi S, Cohen A, Yeh SR, Rousseau DL. Temperature-dependent structural transition following X-ray-induced metal center reduction in oxidized cytochrome c oxidase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101799. [PMID: 35257742 PMCID: PMC8971940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the terminal enzyme in the electron transfer chain in the inner membrane of mitochondria. It contains four metal redox centers, two of which, CuB and heme a3, form the binuclear center (BNC), where dioxygen is reduced to water. Crystal structures of CcO in various forms have been reported, from which ligand-binding states of the BNC and conformations of the protein matrix surrounding it have been deduced to elucidate the mechanism by which the oxygen reduction chemistry is coupled to proton translocation. However, metal centers in proteins can be susceptible to X-ray-induced radiation damage, raising questions about the reliability of conclusions drawn from these studies. Here, we used microspectroscopy-coupled X-ray crystallography to interrogate how the structural integrity of bovine CcO in the fully oxidized state (O) is modulated by synchrotron radiation. Spectroscopic data showed that, upon X-ray exposure, O was converted to a hybrid O∗ state where all the four metal centers were reduced, but the protein matrix was trapped in the genuine O conformation and the ligands in the BNC remained intact. Annealing the O∗ crystal above the glass transition temperature induced relaxation of the O∗ structure to a new R∗ structure, wherein the protein matrix converted to the fully reduced R conformation with the exception of helix X, which partly remained in the O conformation because of incomplete dissociation of the ligands from the BNC. We conclude from these data that reevaluation of reported CcO structures obtained with synchrotron light sources is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Ishigami
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Russi
- Structural Molecular Biology, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Aina Cohen
- Structural Molecular Biology, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Syun-Ru Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Denis L Rousseau
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
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18
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Battistella B, Warm K, Cula B, Lu B, Hildebrandt P, Kuhlmann U, Dau H, Mebs S, Ray K. The influence of secondary interactions on the [Ni(O 2)] + mediated aldehyde oxidation reactions. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111668. [PMID: 34923388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rate enhancement of one to two orders of magnitude can be obtained in the aldehyde deformylation reactions by replacing the -N(CH3) groups of [NiIII(O2)(Me4[12]aneN4)]+ (Me4[12]aneN4 = 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and [NiIII(O2)(Me4[13]aneN4)]+ (Me4[13]aneN4 = 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane) complexes by -NH in [NiIII(O2)([12]aneN4)]+ (2; [12]aneN4 = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and [NiIII(O2)([13]aneN4)]+ (4; [13]aneN4 = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane). Based on detailed spectroscopic, reaction-kinetics and theoretical investigations, the higher reactivities of 2 and 4 are attributed to the changes in the secondary-sphere interactions between the [NiIII(O2)]+ and [12]aneN4 or [13]aneN4 moieties, which open up an alternative electrophilic pathway for the aldehyde oxidation reaction. Identification of primary kinetic isotope effects on the reactivity and stability of 2 when the -NH groups of the [12]aneN4 ligand are deuterated may also suggest the presence of secondary interaction between the -NH groups of [12]aneN4 and [NiIII(O2)]+ moieties, although, such interactions are not obvious in the DFT calculated optimized structure at the employed level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Battistella
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Warm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lu
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekretariat PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekretariat PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Freie Universität zu Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Freie Universität zu Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Poddel'sky AI, Smolyaninov IV, Druzhkov NO, Fukin GK. Heterometallic antimony(V)-zinc and antimony(V)-copper complexes comprising catecholate and diazadiene as redox active centers. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Cook EN, Dickie DA, Machan CW. Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen to Water by a Bioinspired Non-Heme Iron Complex via a 2+2 Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16411-16418. [PMID: 34606274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a bioinspired non-heme Fe complex with a tripodal [N3O]- ligand framework (Fe(PMG)(Cl)2) that is electrocatalytically active toward dioxygen reduction with acetic acid as a proton source in acetonitrile solution. Under electrochemical and chemical conditions, Fe(PMG)(Cl)2 selectively produces water via a 2+2 mechanism, where H2O2 is generated as a discrete intermediate species before further reduction to two equivalents of H2O. Mechanistic studies support a catalytic cycle for dioxygen reduction where an off-cycle peroxo dimer species is the resting state of the catalyst. Spectroscopic analysis of the reduced complex FeII(PMG)Cl shows the stoichiometric formation of an Fe(III)-hydroxide species following exposure to H2O2; no catalytic activity for H2O2 disproportionation is observed, although the complex is electrochemically active for H2O2 reduction to H2O. Electrochemical studies, spectrochemical experiments, and DFT calculations suggest that the carboxylate moiety of the ligand is sensitive to hydrogen-bonding interactions with the acetic acid proton donor upon reduction from Fe(III)/(II), favoring chloride loss trans to the tris-alkyl amine moiety of the ligand framework. These results offer insight into how mononuclear non-heme Fe active sites in metalloproteins distribute added charge and poise proton donors during reactions with dioxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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21
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Fan Y, Li J. The synthesis and crystal structures of two μ-oxo iron(III) porphyrin complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two [Formula: see text]-oxo iron(III) porphyrin complexes, [Formula: see text]-oxo-bis[meso-tetra-[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-([Formula: see text]-nicotina-midophenyl)porphinatoiron(III)] ([Fe(TPyPP)]2O) and its copper adduct ([Fe(TPyPP)(CuCl)]2O[CF3SO3][Formula: see text], which are derived from Gunter’s porphyrin model for cytochrome [Formula: see text]oxidase are reported. The two complexes were isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and IR spectroscopies. Crystal structural analysis including comparisons to [Formula: see text]-oxo analogues and Hirshfeld surface calculations revealed several noteworthy structural features [Formula: see text] the various picket orientations which are partially attributed to intra- and/or inter-molecular nonbonded interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fan
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqi Lake, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqi Lake, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
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22
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Mukherjee M, Dey A. Rejigging Electron and Proton Transfer to Transition between Dioxygenase, Monooxygenase, Peroxygenase, and Oxygen Reduction Activity: Insights from Bioinspired Constructs of Heme Enzymes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1296-1311. [PMID: 34604840 PMCID: PMC8479764 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature has employed heme proteins to execute a diverse set of vital life processes. Years of research have been devoted to understanding the factors which bias these heme enzymes, with all having a heme cofactor, toward distinct catalytic activity. Among them, axial ligation, distal super structure, and substrate binding pockets are few very vividly recognized ones. Detailed mechanistic investigation of these heme enzymes suggested that several of these enzymes, while functionally divergent, use similar intermediates. Furthermore, the formation and decay of these intermediates depend on proton and electron transfer processes in the enzyme active site. Over the past decade, work in this group, using in situ surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of synthetic and biosynthetic analogues of heme enzymes, a general idea of how proton and electron transfer rates relate to the lifetime of different O2 derived intermediates has been developed. These findings suggest that the enzymatic activities of all these heme enzymes can be integrated into one general cycle which can be branched out to different catalytic pathways by regulating the lifetime and population of each of these intermediates. This regulation can further be achieved by tuning the electron and proton transfer steps. By strategically populating one of these intermediates during oxygen reduction, one can navigate through different catalytic processes to a desired direction by altering proton and electron transfer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjistha Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India, 700032
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India, 700032
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23
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Li Y, Wang N, Lei H, Li X, Zheng H, Wang H, Zhang W, Cao R. Bioinspired N4-metallomacrocycles for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Suzuki T, Sato A, Oshita H, Yajima T, Tani F, Abe H, Mieda-Higa K, Yanagisawa S, Ogura T, Shimazaki Y. Formation of Ni(II)-phenoxyl radical complexes by O 2: a mechanistic insight into the reaction of Ni(II)-phenol complexes with O 2. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5161-5170. [PMID: 33881085 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A reaction of Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O with a tripodal ligand having two di(tert-butyl)phenol moieties, H2tbuL, and 1 equivalent of triethylamine in CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1 : 1, v/v) under N2 gave a NiII-(phenol)(phenolate) complex, [Ni(HtbuL)(CH3OH)2]ClO4. The formation of the NiII-phenoxyl radical complex by O2 was observed in the reaction of this complex in the solid state. On the other hand, the NiII-phenoxyl radical complex [Ni(Me2NL)(CH3OH)2]ClO4 was obtained by the reaction of H2Me2NL having a p-(dimethylamino)phenol moiety with Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O in a similar procedure under O2, through the oxidation of the NiII-(phenol)(phenolate) complex. However, a direct redox reaction of the NiII ion could not be detected in the phenoxyl radical formation. The results of the reaction kinetics, XAS and X-ray structure analyses suggested that the O2 oxidation from the NiII-(phenol)(phenolate) complex to the NiII-phenoxyl radical complex occurs via the proton transfer-electron transfer (PT-ET) type mechanism of the phenol moiety weakly coordinated to the nickel ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
| | - Akari Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Oshita
- Faculty of Chemistry of Functional Molecules, Konan University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yajima
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan. and Institute of Materials Structure Science (IMSS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (the Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mieda-Higa
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yanagisawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
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25
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Reed CJ, Lam QN, Mirts EN, Lu Y. Molecular understanding of heteronuclear active sites in heme-copper oxidases, nitric oxide reductases, and sulfite reductases through biomimetic modelling. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2486-2539. [PMID: 33475096 PMCID: PMC7920998 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme-copper oxidases (HCO), nitric oxide reductases (NOR), and sulfite reductases (SiR) catalyze the multi-electron and multi-proton reductions of O2, NO, and SO32-, respectively. Each of these reactions is important to drive cellular energy production through respiratory metabolism and HCO, NOR, and SiR evolved to contain heteronuclear active sites containing heme/copper, heme/nonheme iron, and heme-[4Fe-4S] centers, respectively. The complexity of the structures and reactions of these native enzymes, along with their large sizes and/or membrane associations, make it challenging to fully understand the crucial structural features responsible for the catalytic properties of these active sites. In this review, we summarize progress that has been made to better understand these heteronuclear metalloenzymes at the molecular level though study of the native enzymes along with insights gained from biomimetic models comprising either small molecules or proteins. Further understanding the reaction selectivity of these enzymes is discussed through comparisons of their similar heteronuclear active sites, and we offer outlook for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Quan N Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA
| | - Evan N Mirts
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA. and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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26
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Marquardt M, Cula B, Budhija V, Dallmann A, Schwalbe M. Structural Determination of an Unusual Cu I -Porphyrin-π-Bond in a Hetero-Pacman Cu-Zn-Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:3991-3996. [PMID: 33405305 PMCID: PMC7986761 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a hetero‐dinuclear compound is presented, in which a copper(I) trishistidine type coordination unit is positioned directly above a zinc porphyrin unit. The close distance between the two coordination fragments is secured by a rigid xanthene backbone, and a unique (intramolecular) copper porphyrin‐π‐bond was determined for the first time in the molecular structure. This structural motif was further analyzed by temperature‐dependent NMR studies: In solution at room temperature the coordinative bond fluctuates, while it can be frozen at low temperatures. Preliminary reactivity studies revealed a reduced reactivity of the copper(I) moiety towards dioxygen. The results adumbrate why nature is avoiding metal porphyrin‐π‐bonds by fixing reactive metal centers in a predetermined distance to each other within multimetallic enzymatic reaction centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Marquardt
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vishal Budhija
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Dallmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Ghosh AC, Duboc C, Gennari M. Synergy between metals for small molecule activation: Enzymes and bio-inspired complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Ogo S, Minh LTT, Kikunaga T, Ando T, Matsumoto T, Yatabe T, Kato K. Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Water by Means of a Rh-Based Catalyst. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ogo
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Le Tu Thi Minh
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikunaga
- Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc., Marunouchi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8324, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yatabe
- Center for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenji Kato
- Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc., Marunouchi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8324, Japan
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29
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Mukherjee S, Nayek A, Bhunia S, Dey SG, Dey A. A Single Iron Porphyrin Shows pH Dependent Switch between "Push" and "Pull" Effects in Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14564-14576. [PMID: 32970430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The "push-pull" effects associated with heme enzymes manifest themselves through highly evolved distal amino acid environments and axial ligands to the heme. These conserved residues enhance their reactivities by orders of magnitude relative to small molecules that mimic the primary coordination. An instance of a mononuclear iron porphyrin with covalently attached pendent phenanthroline groups is reported which exhibit reactivity indicating a pH dependent "push" to "pull" transition in the same molecule. The pendant phenanthroline residues provide proton transfer pathways into the iron site, ensuring selective 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to water. The protonation of these residues at lower pH mimics the pull effect of peroxidases, and a coordination of an axial hydroxide ligand at high pH emulates the push effect of P450 monooxygenases. Both effects enhance the rate of O2 reduction by orders of magnitude over its value at neutral pH while maintaining exclusive selectivity for 4e-/4H+ oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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30
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Battistella B, Heims F, Cula B, Ray K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of a Series of Homo‐ and Hetero‐dinuclear Complexes based on an Asymmetric FloH Ligand System. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Battistella
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Florian Heims
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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31
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Ferousi C, Majer SH, DiMucci IM, Lancaster KM. Biological and Bioinspired Inorganic N-N Bond-Forming Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5252-5307. [PMID: 32108471 PMCID: PMC7339862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The metallobiochemistry underlying the formation of the inorganic N-N-bond-containing molecules nitrous oxide (N2O), dinitrogen (N2), and hydrazine (N2H4) is essential to the lifestyles of diverse organisms. Similar reactions hold promise as means to use N-based fuels as alternative carbon-free energy sources. This review discusses research efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying biological N-N bond formation in primary metabolism and how the associated reactions are tied to energy transduction and organismal survival. These efforts comprise studies of both natural and engineered metalloenzymes as well as synthetic model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ferousi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sean H Majer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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32
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Boitrel B, Bouget M, Das PK, Le Gac S, Roisnel T, Hanana M, Arcostanzo H, Cornut R, Jousselme B, Campidelli S. Oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by overhanging carboxylic acid strapped iron porphyrins adsorbed on carbon nanotubes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of hybrid catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been investigated. They are composed of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) coated with iron strapped porphyrins. Two porphyrins have been probed; both are strapped with the same skeleton and differ only by the number of overhung carboxylic acid(s), either one or two. In this structure, the carboxylic acid group can act as a proton relay between the medium and the catalyst or as a polar group surrounding the dioxygen binding cavity. While the number of carboxylic acid group(s) does not exhibit a significant influence on the catalytic properties, the combination of both components–MWNTs and porphyrin–leads to a better catalytic activity than those of the nanotubes or the porphyrins taken separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Boitrel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Morgane Bouget
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Pradip K. Das
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Manel Hanana
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Arcostanzo
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Cornut
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Campidelli
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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33
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Chandra A, Mebs S, Kundu S, Kuhlmann U, Hildebrandt P, Dau H, Ray K. Catalytic dioxygen reduction mediated by a tetranuclear cobalt complex supported on a stannoxane core. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6065-6073. [PMID: 32319492 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization (infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies) and density functional theoretical calculations of a tetranuclear cobalt complex Co4L1 involving a nonheme ligand system, L1, supported on a stannoxane core are reported. Co4L1, similar to the previously reported hexanuclear cobalt complex Co6L2, shows a unique ability to catalyze dioxygen (O2) reduction, where product selectivity can be changed from a preferential 4e-/4H+ dioxygen-reduction (to water) to a 2e-/2H+ process (to hydrogen peroxide) only by increasing the temperature from -50 to 30 °C. Detailed mechanistic insights were obtained on the basis of kinetic studies on the overall catalytic reaction as well as by low-temperature spectroscopic (UV-Vis, resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies) trapping of the end-on μ-1,2-peroxodicobalt(iii) intermediate 1. The Co4L1- and Co6L2-mediated O2-reduction reactions exhibit different reaction kinetics, and yield different ratios of the 2e-/2H+ and 4e-/4H+ products at -50 °C, which can be attributed to the different stabilities of the μ-1,2-peroxodicobalt(iii) intermediates formed upon dioxygen activation in the two cases. The deep mechanistic insights into the transition-metal mediated dioxygen reduction process that are obtained from the present study should serve as useful and broadly applicable principles for future design of more efficient catalysts in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chandra
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Singh A, Schneller T, Valov I, Singh I, Srivastava A, Waser R. Copper facilitated nickel oxy-hydroxide films as efficient synergistic oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Galinato MGI, Brocious EP, Paulat F, Martin S, Skodack J, Harland JB, Lehnert N. Elucidating the Electronic Structure of High-Spin [MnIII(TPP)Cl] Using Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2144-2162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace I. Galinato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
- School of Science-Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Emily P. Brocious
- School of Science-Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Florian Paulat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Sherri Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Joshua Skodack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B. Harland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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36
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Uvarova MA, Nefedov SE. Reactions of PhenCuX2 (X = OOCMe, O3SCF3) with 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole: Effect of the Anion Nature on the Composition and Structure of the Complexes. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Yao Z, Schulz CE, Yang J, Li X, Li J. Intermolecular Interactions and Intramolecular Couplings of Binuclear Porphyrin Models for Cytochrome c Oxidase. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1242-1255. [PMID: 31910004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) has a binuclear active site composed of a high-spin heme group and a tris-histidine-ligated copper ion (CuB). By using two different porphyrin models derived by Gunter (H2TPyPP) and us (H2TImPP), we have isolated several mono- and binuclear complexes including one carbonyl and three chloride derivatives which are determined by 100 K single-crystal X-ray. Low-temperature (4 K) EPR and multitemperature (295-25 K) Mössbauer investigations on the products not only confirmed the spin states of the two metal ions (S = 5/2 Fe3+ and S = 1/2 Cu2+) but also revealed the intermolecular interactions and intramolecular couplings which are in accordance with the crystal structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles E Schulz
- Department of Physics , Knox College , Galesburg , Illinois 61401 , United States
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Company , Hechuan Road, Minhang District , Shanghai 200233 , China
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Carrasco MC, Hematian S. (Hydr)oxo-bridged heme complexes: From structure to reactivity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron–porphyrins ([Formula: see text] hemes) are present throughout the biosphere and perform a wide range of functions, particularly those that involve complex multiple-electron redox processes. Some common heme enzymes involved in these processes include cytochrome P450, heme/copper oxidase or heme/non-heme diiron nitric oxide reductase. Consequently, the (hydr)oxo-bridged heme species have been studied for the important roles that they play in many life processes or for their application for catalysis and preparation of new functional materials. This review encompasses important synthetic, structural and reactivity aspects of the (hydr)oxo-bridged heme constructs that govern their function and application. The properties and reactivity of the bridging (hydr)oxo moieties are directly dictated by the coordination environment of the heme core, the nature and ligation of the second metal center attached to the (hydr)oxo group, the presence or absence of a linker, and the degree of flexibility around that linker within the scaffold. Here, we summarize the structural features of all known (hydr)oxo-bridged heme constructs and use those to categorize and thus, provide a more comprehensive picture of structure–function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Carrasco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, USA
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, USA
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39
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Dey S, Maity S, Pal K, Jana K, Sinha C. The oxidative dehydrogenation of a coumarinyl scaffold with copper ion and metal ion detection in human liver cancer cells (HepG2). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17818-17830. [PMID: 31774094 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An unsymmetrical o-phenylenediamine derivative, L (7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(1-(phenyl- (pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one), has been synthesized from (E)-N1-(phenyl(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)benzene-1,2-diamine with 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-8-carbaldehyde and characterized by X-ray, IR, 1H NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses. The X-ray structure shows L as a cyclic benzimidazole derivative, but it undergoes ring-opening upon reaction with transition metal ions. L is non-emissive in 9 : 1 (v/v) EtOH/H2O (HEPES buffer, pH 7.4) but becomes highly fluorescent upon Zn2+ coordination, and the emissive Zn(ii) complex undergoes transmetallation in the presence of Cu2+ ions specifically, followed by amine to imine oxidation, i.e. an oxidative dehydrogenation (OD) reaction -(2e + 2H+) occurs. The transmetallation of Zn2+ from the complex by Cu2+ (CuCl2) separated the non-emissive X-ray diffractable crystal of [Cu(L'')Cl] (L'' = amine oxidized form of L). A square pyramidal [Cu(L'')][ClO4] complex was also isolated from the reaction of L with Cu(CH3CN)4(ClO4) in the presence of air, and in this complex the amine is also oxidized to the imine. Here, copper ions in the presence of air play an important role in the OD reaction of L as determined by EPR and cyclic voltammetry studies. The ligand, L, is used for Zn2+ ion recovery from a municipally supplied water sample. A paper strip detection kit for Zn2+ and Cu2+ is designed using L. The ligand is also used for intracellular Zn2+ detection in a human liver cancer cell line (HepG2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India and Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700056, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700056, India
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Mavridis IM, Yannakopoulou K. Porphyrinoid-Cyclodextrin Assemblies in Biomedical Research: An Update. J Med Chem 2019; 63:3391-3424. [PMID: 31808344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrinoids, well-known cofactors in fundamental processes of life, have stimulated interest as synthetic models of natural systems and integral components of photodynamic therapy, but their utilization is compromised by self-aggregation in aqueous media. The capacity of cyclodextrins to include hydrophobic molecules in their cavity provides porphyrinoids with a protective environment against oxidation and the ability to disperse efficiently in biological fluids. Moreover, engineered cyclodextrin-porphyrinoid assemblies enhance the photodynamic abilities of porphyrinoids, can carry chemotherapeutics for synergistic modalities, and can be enriched with functions including cell recognition, tissue penetration, and imaging. This Perspective includes synthetic porphyrinoid-cyclodextrin models of proteins participating in fundamental processes, such as enzymatic catalysis, respiration, and electron transfer. In addition, since porphyrinoid-cyclodextrin systems comprise third generation photosensitizers, recent developments for their utilization in photomedicine, that is, multimodal therapy for cancer (e.g., PDT, PTT) and antimicrobial treatment, and eventually in biocompatible therapeutic or diagnostic platforms for next-generation nanomedicine and theranostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Mavridis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & 27 Neapoleos Str., Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & 27 Neapoleos Str., Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
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41
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Sohtun WP, Muthuramalingam S, Velusamy M, Mayilmurugan R. New class of tridentate 3N ligands and copper(II) complexes: A model for type-2 copper site of phenoxazinone synthase. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Kim H, Sharma SK, Schaefer AW, Solomon EI, Karlin KD. Heme-Cu Binucleating Ligand Supports Heme/O 2 and Fe II-Cu I/O 2 Reactivity Providing High- and Low-Spin Fe III-Peroxo-Cu II Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15423-15432. [PMID: 31657921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study is in the description of synthetic heme/copper/O2 chemistry employing a heme-containing binucleating ligand which provides a tridentate chelate for copper ion binding. The addition of O2 (-80 °C, tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent) to the reduced heme compound (PImH)FeII (1), gives the oxy-heme adduct, formally a heme-superoxide complex FeIII-(O2•-) (2) (resonance Raman spectroscopy (rR): νO-O, 1171 cm-1 (Δ18O2, -61 cm-1); νFe-O, 575 cm-1 (Δ18O2, -24 cm-1)). Simple warming of 2 to room temperature regenerates reduced complex 1; this reaction is reversible, as followed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Complex 2 is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-silent and exhibits upfield-shifted pyrrole resonances (δ 9.12 ppm) in 2H NMR spectroscopy, indicative of a six-coordinate low-spin heme. The coordination of the tethered imidazolyl arm to the heme-superoxide complex as an axial base ligand is suggested. We also report the new fully reduced heme-copper complex [(PImH)FeIICuI]+ (3), where the copper ion is bound to the tethered tridentate portion of PImH. This reacts with O2 to give a distinctive low-temperature-stable, high-spin (S = 2, overall) peroxo-bridged complex [(PImH)FeIII-(O22-)-CuII]+ (3a): λmax, 420 (Soret), 545, 565 nm; δpyrr, 93 ppm; νO-O, 799 cm-1 (Δ18O2, -48 cm-1); νFe-O, 524 cm-1 (Δ18O2, -23 cm-1). To 3a, the addition of dicyclohexylimidazole (DCHIm), which serves as a heme axial base, leads to low-spin (S = 0 overall) species complex [(DCHIm)(PImH)FeIII-(O22-)-CuII]+ (3b): λmax, 425 (Soret), 538 nm; δpyrr, 10.2 ppm; νO-O, 817 cm-1 (Δ18O2, -55 cm-1); νFe-O, 610 cm-1 (Δ18O2, -26 cm-1). These investigations into the characterization of the O2-adducts from (PImH)FeII (1) with/without additional copper chelation advance our understanding of the dioxygen reactivity of heme-only and heme/Cu-ligand heterobinuclear system, thus potentially relevant to O2 reduction in heme-copper oxidases or fuel-cell chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Savita K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Andrew W Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Sinha W, Mahammed A, Fridman N, Diskin-Posner Y, Shimon LJW, Gross Z. Superstructured metallocorroles for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11912-11915. [PMID: 31528909 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06645d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt and iron complexes of corroles with tyrosine-like proton-transfer-relay moieties in proximity to the metal center have been prepared and fully characterized. The (nitrosyl)iron complex performs very well as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woormileela Sinha
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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Ehudin MA, Senft L, Franke A, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Karlin KD. Formation and Reactivity of New Isoporphyrins: Implications for Understanding the Tyr-His Cross-Link Cofactor Biogenesis in Cytochrome c Oxidase. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10632-10643. [PMID: 31150209 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) catalyzes the reduction of dioxygen to water utilizing a heterobinuclear active site composed of a heme moiety and a mononuclear copper center coordinated to three histidine residues, one of which is covalently cross-linked to a tyrosine residue via a post-translational modification (PTM). Although this tyrosine-histidine moiety has functional and structural importance, the pathway behind this net oxidative C-N bond coupling is still unknown. A novel route employing an iron(III) meso-substituted isoporphyrin derivative, isoelectronic with Cmpd-I ((Por•+)FeIV═O), is for the first time proposed to be a key intermediate in the Tyr-His cofactor biogenesis. Newly synthesized iron(III) meso-substituted isoporphyrins were prepared with azide, cyanide, and substituted imidazole functionalities, by adding nucleophiles to an iron(III) π-dication species formed via addition of trifluoroacetic acid to F8Cmpd-I (F8 = (tetrakis(2,6-difluorophenyl)porphyrinate)). Isoporphyrin derivatives were characterized at cryogenic temperatures via ESI-MS and UV-vis, 2H NMR, and EPR spectroscopies. Addition of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene or 4-methoxyphenol to the imidazole-substituted isoporphyrin led to formation of the organic product containing the imidazole coupled to aromatic substrate via a new C-N bond, as detected via cryo-ESI-MS. Experimental evidence for the formation of an imidazole-substituted isoporphyrin and its promising reactivity to form the imidazole-phenol coupled product yields viability to the herein proposed pathway behind the PTM (i.e., biogenesis) leading to the key covalent Tyr-His cross-link in CcO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Ehudin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Amanullah S, Dey A. A bi-functional cobalt-porphyrinoid electrocatalyst: balance between overpotential and selectivity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:437-442. [PMID: 31147783 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt porphyrins have been shown to electrocatalyze O2 reduction as well as H2 evolution. A cobalt porphyrin is synthesized when two electron-withdrawing groups are used in an attempt to reduce the overpotential involved in O2 reduction and H2 evolution. The results show that in the case of O2 reduction, instead of reduction of overpotential, the selectivity for O2 reduction changes to 2e-/2H+ to produce H2O2. In the case of H2 evolution, the CoI state is incapable of catalyzing H+ reduction. Rather, a CoIII-H species needs to be reduced to CoII-H before H2 can be produced. There results add to the ongoing investigations into the factors that control the rates, overpotential and selectivity of these important cathodic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Amanullah S, Singha A, Dey A. Tailor made iron porphyrins for investigating axial ligand and distal environment contributions to electronic structure and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schaefer AW, Ehudin MA, Quist DA, Tang JA, Karlin KD, Solomon EI. Spin Interconversion of Heme-Peroxo-Copper Complexes Facilitated by Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4936-4951. [PMID: 30836005 PMCID: PMC6457345 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peroxo-bridged high-spin (HS) heme-(μ-η2:η1-O22-)-Cu(L) complexes incorporating (as part of the copper ligand) intramolecular hydrogen-bond (H-bond) capabilities and/or steric effects are herein demonstrated to affect the complex's electronic and geometric structure, notably impacting the spin state. An H-bonding interaction with the peroxo core favors a low-spin (LS) heme-(μ-η1:η1-O22-)-Cu(L) structure, resulting in a reversible temperature-dependent interconversion of spin state (5 coordinate HS to 6 coordinate LS). The LS state dominates at low temperatures, even in the absence of a strong trans-axial heme ligand. Lewis base addition inhibits the H-bond facilitated spin interconversion by competition for the H-bond donor, illustrating the precise H-bonding interaction required to induce spin-crossover (SCO). Resonance Raman spectroscopy (rR) shows that the H-bonding pendant interacts with the bridging peroxide ligand to stabilize the LS but not the HS state. The H-bond (to the Cu-bound O atom) acts to weaken the O-O bond and strengthen the Fe-O bond, exhibiting ν(M-O) and ν(O-O) values comparable to analogous known LS complexes with a strong donating trans-axial ligand, 1,5-dicyclohexylimidazole, (DCHIm)heme-(μ-η1:η1-O22-)-Cu(L). Variable-temperature (-90 to -130 °C) UV-vis and 2H NMR spectroscopies confirm the SCO process and implicate the involvement of solvent binding. Examining a case of solvent binding without SCO, thermodynamic parameters were obtained from a van't Hoff analysis, accounting for its contribution in SCO. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the H-bond group facilitating a core geometry change and allowing solvent to bind, stabilizing a LS state. The rR data, complemented by DFT analysis, reveal a stronger H-bonding interaction with the peroxo core in the LS compared to the HS complexes, which enthalpically favors the LS state. These insights enhance our fundamental understanding of secondary coordination sphere influences in metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melanie A. Ehudin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David A. Quist
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Joel A. Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Abstract
Many artificial enzymes that catalyze redox reactions have important energy, environmental, and medical applications. Native metalloenzymes use a set of redox-active amino acids and cofactors as redox centers, with a potential range between -700 and +800 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE, all reduction potentials are versus SHE). The redox potentials and the orientation of redox centers in native metalloproteins are optimal for their redox chemistry. However, the limited number and potential range of native redox centers challenge the design and optimization of novel redox chemistry in metalloenzymes. Artificial metalloenzymes use non-native redox centers and could go far beyond the natural range of redox potentials for novel redox chemistry. In addition to designing protein monomers, strategies for increasing the electron transfer rate in self-assembled protein complexes and protein-electrode or -nanomaterial interfaces will be discussed. Redox reactions in proteins occur on redox active amino acid residues (Tyr, Trp, Met, Cys, etc.) and cofactors (iron sulfur clusters, flavin, heme, etc.). The redox potential of these redox centers cover a ∼1.5 V range and is optimized for their specific functions. Despite recent progress, tuning the redox potential for amino acid residues or cofactors remains challenging. Many redox-active unnatural amino acids (UAAs) can be incorporated into protein via genetic codon expansion. Their redox potentials extend the range of physiologically relevant potentials. Indeed, installing new redox cofactors with fined-tuned redox potentials is essential for designing novel redox enzymes. By combining UAA and redox cofactor incorporation, we harnessed light energy to reduce CO2 in a fluorescent protein, mimicking photosynthetic apparatus in nature. Manipulating the position and reduction potential of redox centers inside proteins is important for optimizing the electron transfer rate and the activity of artificial enzymes. Learning from the native electron transfer complex, protein-protein interactions can be enhanced by increasing the electrostatic interaction between proteins. An artificial oxidase showed close to native enzyme activity with optimized interaction with electron transfer partner and increased electron transfer efficiency. In addition to the de novo design of protein-protein interaction, protein self-assembly methods using scaffolds, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, to efficiently anchor enzymes and their redox partners. The self-assembly process enhances electron transfer efficiency and enzyme activity by bringing redox centers into close proximity of each other. In addition to protein self-assembly, protein-electrode or protein-nanomaterial self-assembly can also promote efficient electron transfer from inorganic materials to enzyme active sites. Such hybrid systems combine the efficiency of enzyme reactions and the robustness of electrodes or nanomaterials, often with advantageous catalytic activities. By combining these strategies, we can not only mimic some of nature's most fascinating reactions, such as photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, but also transcend nature toward environmental, energy, and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Ehudin MA, Schaefer AW, Adam SM, Quist DA, Diaz DE, Tang JA, Solomon EI, Karlin KD. Influence of intramolecular secondary sphere hydrogen-bonding interactions on cytochrome c oxidase inspired low-spin heme-peroxo-copper complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2893-2905. [PMID: 30996867 PMCID: PMC6431958 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxygen reduction by heme-copper oxidases is a critical biochemical process, wherein hydrogen bonding is hypothesized to participate in the critical step involving the active-site reductive cleavage of the O-O bond. Sixteen novel synthetic heme-(μ-O2 2-)-Cu(XTMPA) complexes, whose design is inspired by the cytochrome c oxidase active site structure, were generated in an attempt to form the first intramolecular H-bonded complexes. Derivatives of the "parent" ligand (XTMPA, TMPA = (tris((2-pyridyl)methyl)amine)) possessing one or two amine pendants preferentially form an H-bond with the copper-bound O-atom of the peroxide bridge. This is evidenced by a characteristic blue shift in the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) bands observed in UV-vis spectroscopy (consistent with lowering of the peroxo π* relative to the iron orbitals) and a weakening of the O-O bond determined by resonance Raman spectroscopy (rR), with support from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Remarkably, with the TMPA-based infrastructure (versus similar heme-peroxo-copper complexes with different copper ligands), the typically undetected Cu-O stretch for these complexes was observed via rR, affording critical insights into the nature of the O-O peroxo core for the complexes studied. While amido functionalities have been shown to have greater H-bonding capabilities than their amino counterparts, in these heme-peroxo-copper complexes amido substituents distort the local geometry such that H-bonding with the peroxo core only imparts a weak electronic effect; optimal H-bonding interactions are observed by employing two amino groups on the copper ligand. The amino-substituted systems presented in this work reveal a key orientational anisotropy in H-bonding to the peroxo core for activating the O-O bond, offering critical insights into effective O-O cleavage chemistry. These findings indirectly support computational and protein structural studies suggesting the presence of an interstitial H-bonding water molecule in the CcO active site, which is critical for the desired reactivity. The results are evaluated with appropriate controls and discussed with respect to potential O2-reduction capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Ehudin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA .
| | - Andrew W Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA .
| | - Suzanne M Adam
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA .
| | - David A Quist
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA .
| | - Daniel E Diaz
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA .
| | - Joel A Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA .
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA .
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA .
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Zhou Y, Shi Y, Wang FB, Xia XH. Oriented Self-Assembled Monolayer of Zn(II)-Tetraphenylporphyrin on TiO2 Electrode for Photoelectrochemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2759-2767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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