1
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Saxon E, Ali T, Peng X. Hydrogen peroxide responsive theranostics for cancer-selective activation of DNA alkylators and real-time fluorescence monitoring in living cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116695. [PMID: 39047609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a notoriously difficult disease to treat, and many of the existing TNBC chemotherapeutics lack tumor selectivity and the capability for simultaneously visualizing and monitoring their own activity in the biological context. However, TNBC cells have been known to generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To this end, three novel small molecule theranostics 1a, 1c, and 2 consisting of both H2O2-responsive nitrogen mustard prodrug and profluorophore character have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as targeted cancer therapeutics and bioimaging agents. The three theranostics comprise of boronate esters that deactivate nitrogen mustard functional groups and fluorophores but allow their selective activation through H2O2-specific oxidative deboronation for the release of the active drug and fluorophore. The three theranostics demonstrated H2O2-inducible DNA-alkylating capability and fluorescence turn-on properties in addition to selective anticancer activity. They are particularly effective in killing TNBC MDA-MB-468 cells with high H2O2 level while safe to normal epithelial MCF-10A cell. The conjugated boron-masked fluorophores in 1c and 2 are highly responsive towards H2O2, which enabled tracking of the theranostics in living cellular mitochondria and nucleus organelles. The three theranostics 1a, 1c, and 2 are capable of both selective release of the active drug to take effect in H2O2-rich cancer sites and simultaneously monitoring its activity. This single molecule system is of utmost importance to understand the function, efficacy, and mechanism of the H2O2-activated prodrugs and theranostics within the living recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eron Saxon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Taufeeque Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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2
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Shah R, Aslam MA, Spanjaard A, de Groot D, Zürcher LM, Altelaar M, Hoekman L, Pritchard CEJ, Pilzecker B, van den Berk PCM, Jacobs H. Dual role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen monoubiquitination in facilitating Fanconi anemia-mediated interstrand crosslink repair. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae242. [PMID: 38957451 PMCID: PMC11217772 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) repair pathway governs repair of highly genotoxic DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and relies on translesion synthesis (TLS). TLS is facilitated by REV1 or site-specific monoubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (PCNA-Ub) at lysine 164 (K164). A PcnaK164R/K164R but not Rev1-/- mutation renders mammals hypersensitive to ICLs. Besides the FA pathway, alternative pathways have been associated with ICL repair (1, 2), though the decision making between those remains elusive. To study the dependence and relevance of PCNA-Ub in FA repair, we intercrossed PcnaK164R/+; Fancg-/+ mice. A combined mutation (PcnaK164R/K164R; Fancg-/- ) was found embryonically lethal. RNA-seq of primary double-mutant (DM) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed elevated levels of replication stress-induced checkpoints. To exclude stress-induced confounders, we utilized a Trp53 knock-down to obtain a model to study ICL repair in depth. Regarding ICL-induced cell toxicity, cell cycle arrest, and replication fork progression, single-mutant and DM MEFs were found equally sensitive, establishing PCNA-Ub to be critical for FA-ICL repair. Immunoprecipitation and spectrometry-based analysis revealed an unknown role of PCNA-Ub in excluding mismatch recognition complex MSH2/MSH6 from being recruited to ICLs. In conclusion, our results uncovered a dual function of PCNA-Ub in ICL repair, i.e. exclude MSH2/MSH6 recruitment to channel the ICL toward canonical FA repair, in addition to its established role in coordinating TLS opposite the unhooked ICL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Shah
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department/Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aldo Spanjaard
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel de Groot
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Zürcher
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Wang Y, Wang F, Li L, Zhang L, Song M, Jiang G. Comprehensive Toxicological Assessment of Halobenzoquinones in Drinking Water at Environmentally Relevant Concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9125-9134. [PMID: 38743861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs), an emerging unregulated category of disinfection byproduct (DBP) in drinking water, have aroused an increasing concern over their potential health risks. However, the chronic toxicity of HBQs at environmentally relevant concentrations remains largely unknown. Here, the occurrence and concentrations of 13 HBQs in drinking water from a northern megacity in China were examined using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Four HBQs, including 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), 2,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DBBQ), 2,3,6-trichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TriCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DBBQ), were detected beyond 50% occurrence frequency and at median concentrations from 4 to 50 ng/L. The chronic toxicity of these four HBQs to normal human colon and liver cells (FHC and THLE-2) was investigated at these concentrations. After 90 days of exposure, 2,5-DBBQ and 2,6-DCBQ induced the highest levels of oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in colon and liver cells, respectively. Moreover, 2,5-DBBQ and 2,6-DCBQ were also found to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in normal human liver cells via the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Importantly, heating to 100 °C (boiling) was found to efficiently reduce the levels of these four HBQs in drinking water. These results suggested that environmentally relevant concentrations of HBQs could induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal human cells, and boiling is a highly efficient way of detoxification for HBQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fengbang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lulu Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Wang J, Takyi NA, Hsiao YC, Tang Q, Chen YT, Liu CW, Ma J, Qi R, Bian K, Peng Z, Essigmann JM, Lu K, Wetmore SD, Li D. Stable Interstrand Cross-Links Generated from the Repair of 1, N6-Ethenoadenine in DNA by α-Ketoglutarate/Fe(II)-Dependent Dioxygenase ALKBH2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10381-10392. [PMID: 38573229 PMCID: PMC11060877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA cross-links severely challenge replication and transcription in cells, promoting senescence and cell death. In this paper, we report a novel type of DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) produced as a side product during the attempted repair of 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA) by human α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent enzyme ALKBH2. This stable/nonreversible ICL was characterized by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and quantified by high-resolution LC-MS in well-matched and mismatched DNA duplexes, yielding 5.7% as the highest level for cross-link formation. The binary lesion is proposed to be generated through covalent bond formation between the epoxide intermediate of εA repair and the exocyclic N6-amino group of adenine or the N4-amino group of cytosine residues in the complementary strand under physiological conditions. The cross-links occur in diverse sequence contexts, and molecular dynamics simulations rationalize the context specificity of cross-link formation. In addition, the cross-link generated from attempted εA repair was detected in cells by highly sensitive LC-MS techniques, giving biological relevance to the cross-link adducts. Overall, a combination of biochemical, computational, and mass spectrometric methods was used to discover and characterize this new type of stable cross-link both in vitro and in human cells, thereby uniquely demonstrating the existence of a potentially harmful ICL during DNA repair by human ALKBH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Nathania A Takyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Yi-Tzai Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Rui Qi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Ke Bian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Peng
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - John M Essigmann
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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5
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Zhang M, Huang C, Ou J, Liu F, Ou S, Zheng J. Glyoxal in Foods: Formation, Metabolism, Health Hazards, and Its Control Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2434-2450. [PMID: 38284798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Glyoxal is a highly reactive aldehyde widely present in common diet and environment and inevitably generated through various metabolic pathways in vivo. Glyoxal is easily produced in diets high in carbohydrates and fats via the Maillard reaction, carbohydrate autoxidation, and lipid peroxidation, etc. This leads to dietary intake being a major source of exogenous exposure. Exposure to glyoxal has been positively associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols, probiotics, hydrocolloids, and amino acids can reduce the content of glyoxal in foods via different mechanisms, thus reducing the risk of exogenous exposure to glyoxal and alleviating carbonyl stresses in the human body. This review discussed the formation and metabolism of glyoxal, its health hazards, and the strategies to reduce such health hazards. Future investigation of glyoxal from different perspectives is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Juanying Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, 510580 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Innovation Platform for the Safety of Bakery Products, 510632 Guangzhou , China
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6
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Ratto A, Honek JF. Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1172-1213. [PMID: 36915986 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230313141452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3- dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex- 5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ratto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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7
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Zhang Q, Ali T, Lin Z, Peng X. Development of 4,4'-dibromobinaphthalene analogues with potent photo-inducible DNA cross-linking capability and cytotoxicity towards breast MDA-MB 468 cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106769. [PMID: 37633128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced DNA cross-linking process showed advantages of high spatio-temporal resolution and control. We have designed, synthesized, and characterized several 4,4'-dibromo binaphthalene analogues (1a-f) that can be activated by 350 nm irradiation to induce various DNA damage, including DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) formation, strand cleavages, and alkaline labile DNA lesions. The degree and types of DNA damage induced by these compounds depend on the leaving groups of the substrates, pH value of the buffer solution, and DNA sequences. The DNA ICL products were produced from the carbocations formed via the oxidation of free radicals photo-generated from 1a-f. Most of these compounds alone exhibited minimum cytotoxicity towards cancer cells while 350 nm irradiation greatly improved their anticancer effects (up to 40-fold enhancement) because of photo-induced cellular DNA damage. This work provides guidance for further design of photo-inducible DNA cross-linking agents as potent photo-activated anticancer prodrugs with good control over toxicity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Taufeeque Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Zechao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
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8
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Singh S, Gouri V, Samant M. TGF-β in correlation with tumor progression, immunosuppression and targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:335. [PMID: 37855975 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex malignancy responsible for the second-highest cancer deaths worldwide. TGF-β maintains normal cellular homeostasis by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, but its elevated level is correlated with colorectal cancer progression, as TGF-β is a master regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a critical step of metastasis. Tumors, including CRC, use elevated TGF-β levels to avoid immune surveillance by modulating immune cell differentiation, proliferation, and effector function. Presently, the treatment of advanced CRC is mainly based on chemotherapy, with multiple adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to develop alternate tactics because CRC continue to be mostly resistant to the present therapeutic regimen. TGF-β blockade has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Blocking TGF-β with phytochemicals and other molecules, such as antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, and bifunctional traps, alone or in combination, may be a safer and more effective way to treat CRC. Furthermore, combination immunotherapy comprising TGF-β blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors is gaining popularity because both molecules work synergistically to suppress the immune system. Here, we summarize the current understanding of TGF-β as a therapeutic target for managing CRC and its context-dependent tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Singh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinita Gouri
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
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9
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Cao S, Wang Y, Li D, Peng X. H 2 O 2 -Inducible DNA Cross-linking Agents Capable of Releasing Multiple DNA Alkylators as Anticancer Prodrugs. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300273. [PMID: 37440359 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Three compounds with arylboronate esters conjugated with two equivalent nitrogen mustards [bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine, HN2] have been synthesized and characterized. These inactive small molecules selectively react with H2 O2 to produce multiple DNA cross-linkers, such as two HN2 molecules alongside a bisquinone methide (bisQM), leading to efficient DNA ICL formation. In comparison to other amine functional groups, using HN2 as a leaving group greatly improves the DNA cross-linking efficiency of these arylboronate esters as well as cellular activity. The introduction of HN2 in these arylboronate ester analogues favored the generation of bisQM that can directly cross-link DNA. Two equivalents of HN2 are also generated from these compounds upon treatment with H2 O2 , which directly produces DNA ICL products. The cumulative effects of HN2 and bisQM on DNA cross-linking makes these molecules highly effective H2 O2 -inducible DNA ICL agents. The three compounds with HN2 as a leaving group showed greatly enhanced cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in comparison to those containing trimethyl amine as a leaving group. This provides an effective strategy for further design of novel potential ROS-activated anticancer prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, 53211, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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10
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Somashekara SC, Dhyani KM, Thakur M, Muniyappa K. SUMOylation of yeast Pso2 enhances its translocation and accumulation in the mitochondria and suppresses methyl methanesulfonate-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:587-607. [PMID: 37649278 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pso2/SNM1 is essential for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair; however, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. While recent work has revealed that Pso2/Snm1 is dual-localized in the nucleus and mitochondria, it remains unclear whether cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors regulate its subcellular localization and function. Herein, we show that Pso2 undergoes ubiquitination and phosphorylation, but not SUMOylation, in unstressed cells. Unexpectedly, we found that methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), rather than ICL-forming agents, induced robust SUMOylation of Pso2 on two conserved residues, K97 and K575, and that SUMOylation markedly increased its abundance in the mitochondria. Reciprocally, SUMOylation had no discernible impact on Pso2 translocation to the nucleus, despite the presence of steady-state levels of SUMOylated Pso2 across the cell cycle. Furthermore, substitution of the invariant residues K97 and K575 by arginine in the Pso2 SUMO consensus motifs severely impaired SUMOylation and abolished its translocation to the mitochondria of MMS-treated wild type cells, but not in unstressed cells. We demonstrate that whilst Siz1 and Siz2 SUMO E3 ligases catalyze Pso2 SUMOylation, the former plays a dominant role. Notably, we found that the phenotypic characteristics of the SUMOylation-defective mutant Pso2K97R/K575R closely mirrored those observed in the Pso2Δ petite mutant. Additionally, leveraging next-generation sequencing analysis, we demonstrate that Pso2 mitigates MMS-induced damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Viewed together, our work offers previously unknown insights into the link between genotoxic stress-induced SUMOylation of Pso2 and its preferential targeting to the mitochondria, as well as its role in attenuating MMS-induced mtDNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kshitiza M Dhyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Thakur
- Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalappa Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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Anand U, Dey A, Chandel AKS, Sanyal R, Mishra A, Pandey DK, De Falco V, Upadhyay A, Kandimalla R, Chaudhary A, Dhanjal JK, Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1367-1401. [PMID: 37397557 PMCID: PMC10310991 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of disease progression, our knowledge about the disease is snowballing, leading to the evolution of many new therapeutic regimes and their successive trials. In the past few decades, various combinations of therapies have been proposed and are presently employed in the treatment of diverse cancers. Targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, and personalized medicines are now largely being employed, which were not common a few years back. The field of cancer discoveries and therapeutics are evolving fast as cancer type-specific biomarkers are progressively being identified and several types of cancers are nowadays undergoing systematic therapies, extending patients' disease-free survival thereafter. Although growing evidence shows that a systematic and targeted approach could be the future of cancer medicine, chemotherapy remains a largely opted therapeutic option despite its known side effects on the patient's physical and psychological health. Chemotherapeutic agents/pharmaceuticals served a great purpose over the past few decades and have remained the frontline choice for advanced-stage malignancies where surgery and/or radiation therapy cannot be prescribed due to specific reasons. The present report succinctly reviews the existing and contemporary advancements in chemotherapy and assesses the status of the enrolled drugs/pharmaceuticals; it also comprehensively discusses the emerging role of specific/targeted therapeutic strategies that are presently being employed to achieve better clinical success/survival rate in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Arvind K. Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal 700056, India
| | - Amarnath Mishra
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Valentina De Falco
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-D), Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, San Cristóbal de La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
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12
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Anuradha A, Undavalli SB, Kumar AJ. DNA mutilation: A telltale sign of cancer inception. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:374-381. [PMID: 37854902 PMCID: PMC10581300 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_513_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a discrepancy in its chemical structure precipitated by a multitude of factors. Most DNA damages can be repaired efficiently through diverse restorative mechanisms subjective to the type of damage. DNA-damaging agents elicit a medley of cellular retorts like cell cycle arrest, followed by DNA repair mechanisms or apoptosis. An unrepaired DNA damage in a nonreplicating cell does not generally engender mutations but a similar scenario in replicating cell routes to permanent modification of genetic material shrugging to carcinogenesis. DNA mutilation can be allied to disarray in bases, debasement of backbone, or crosslinks. Base damages or backbone damages like single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks are usually produced by reactive oxygen species and ionizing radiation. This substantial DNA damage has broadly been considered to be caused by various exogenous and endogenous agents with variable rates of causality and decrees of risk, sourcing toward cancer or other diseases, necessitating furtherance in diagnostics at sequential points. The purpose of this article is to review in detail the various types of DNA damages, their contributory factors, and recent developments in their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anuradha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College and Hospital, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - A Jagadeesh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St Joseph Dental College and Hospital, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:929-989. [PMID: 36707722 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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14
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PD-1/PD-L1 and DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040530. [PMID: 36831197 PMCID: PMC9954559 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immunotherapy for cancer treatment is rapidly becoming more widespread. Immunotherapeutic agents are frequently combined with various types of treatments to obtain a more durable antitumor clinical response in patients who have developed resistance to monotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage and trigger DNA damage response (DDR) frequently induce an increase in the expression of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) that can be employed by cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. PD-L1 exposed on cancer cells can in turn be targeted to re-establish the immune-reactive tumor microenvironment, which ultimately increases the tumor's susceptibility to combined therapies. Here we review the recent advances in how the DDR regulates PD-L1 expression and point out the effect of etoposide, irinotecan, and platinum compounds on the anti-tumor immune response.
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15
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Schaudy E, Lietard J, Somoza MM. Enzymatic Synthesis of High-Density RNA Microarrays. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e667. [PMID: 36794904 PMCID: PMC10946701 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide microarrays are used to investigate the interactome of nucleic acids. DNA microarrays are commercially available, whereas equivalent RNA microarrays are not. This protocol describes a method to convert DNA microarrays of any density and complexity into RNA microarrays using only readily available materials and reagents. This simple conversion protocol will facilitate the accessibility of RNA microarrays to a wide range of researchers. In addition to general considerations for the design of a template DNA microarray, this procedure describes the experimental steps of hybridization of an RNA primer to the immobilized DNA, followed by its covalent attachment via psoralen-mediated photocrosslinking. The subsequent enzymatic processing steps comprise the extension of the primer with T7 RNA polymerase to generate complementary RNA, and finally the removal of the DNA template with TURBO DNase. Beyond the conversion process, we also describe approaches to detect the RNA product either by internal labeling with fluorescently labeled NTPs or via hybridization to the product strand, a step that can then be complemented by an RNase H assay to confirm the nature of the product. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Conversion of a DNA microarray to an RNA microarray Alternate Protocol: Detection of RNA via incorporation of Cy3-UTP Support Protocol 1: Detection of RNA via hybridization Support Protocol 2: RNase H assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Schaudy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaJosef‐Holaubek‐Platz 2 (UZA 2)ViennaAustria
| | - Jory Lietard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaJosef‐Holaubek‐Platz 2 (UZA 2)ViennaAustria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaJosef‐Holaubek‐Platz 2 (UZA 2)ViennaAustria
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory ScienceTechnical University of MunichLise‐Meitner‐Straße 34FreisingGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of MunichLise‐Meitner‐Straße 30FreisingGermany
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16
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Applications of comet and MTT assays in studying Dunaliella algae species. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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17
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Han M, Zhang Z, Liu S, Sheng Y, Waigi MG, Hu X, Qin C, Ling W. Genotoxicity of organic contaminants in the soil: A review based on bibliometric analysis and methodological progress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137318. [PMID: 36410525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants (OCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, posing severe threats to human health and ecological balance. In particular, OCs and their metabolites could interact with genetic materials to induce genotoxicity, which has attracted considerable attention. In this review, bibliometric analysis was executed to analyze the publications on the genotoxicity of OCs in soil from 1992 to 2021. The result indicated that significant contributions were made by China and the United States in this field and the research hotspots were biological risks, damage mechanisms, and testing methods. Based on this, in this review, we summarized the manifestations and influencing factors of genotoxicity of OCs to soil organisms, the main damage mechanisms, and the most commonly utilized testing methods. OCs can induce genotoxicity and the hierarchical response of soil organisms, which could be influenced by the physicochemical properties of OCs and the properties of soil. Specific mechanisms of genotoxicity can be classified into DNA damage, epigenetic toxicity, and chromosomal aberrations. OCs with different molecular weights lead to genetic material damage by inducing the generation of ROS or forming adducts with DNA, respectively. The micronucleus test and the comet test are the most commonly used testing methods. Moreover, this review also pointed out that future studies should focus on the relationships between bioaccessibilities and genotoxicities, transcriptional regulatory factors, and potential metabolites of OCs to elaborate on the biological risks and mechanisms of genotoxicity from an overall perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Han
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong 226006, PR China
| | - Si Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Youying Sheng
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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18
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NEIL3 contributes to the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway by promoting the downstream double-strand break repair step. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111600. [PMID: 36351389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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19
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Hrq1/RECQL4 regulation is critical for preventing aberrant recombination during DNA intrastrand crosslink repair and is upregulated in breast cancer. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010122. [PMID: 36126066 PMCID: PMC9488787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human RECQL4 is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases and functions during DNA replication and repair. RECQL4 mutations are associated with developmental defects and cancer. Although RECQL4 mutations lead to disease, RECQL4 overexpression is also observed in cancer, including breast and prostate. Thus, tight regulation of RECQL4 protein levels is crucial for genome stability. Because mammalian RECQL4 is essential, how cells regulate RECQL4 protein levels is largely unknown. Utilizing budding yeast, we investigated the RECQL4 homolog, HRQ1, during DNA crosslink repair. We find that Hrq1 functions in the error-free template switching pathway to mediate DNA intrastrand crosslink repair. Although Hrq1 mediates repair of cisplatin-induced lesions, it is paradoxically degraded by the proteasome following cisplatin treatment. By identifying the targeted lysine residues, we show that preventing Hrq1 degradation results in increased recombination and mutagenesis. Like yeast, human RECQL4 is similarly degraded upon exposure to crosslinking agents. Furthermore, over-expression of RECQL4 results in increased RAD51 foci, which is dependent on its helicase activity. Using bioinformatic analysis, we observe that RECQL4 overexpression correlates with increased recombination and mutations. Overall, our study uncovers a role for Hrq1/RECQL4 in DNA intrastrand crosslink repair and provides further insight how misregulation of RECQL4 can promote genomic instability, a cancer hallmark. RECQL4 is a DNA helicase and functions during DNA replication and repair. While loss-of-function RECQL4 mutations are found in diseases characterized by developmental defects and cancer, such as Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, over-expression of RECQL4 is also observed in cancer, such as breast cancer. Therefore, RECQL4 protein expression must be tightly regulated. Here we used the budding yeast homolog of RECQL4, Hrq1, and discovered that overexpression of Hrq1 protein levels result in increased recombination and mutations, both cancer hallmarks. We find that Hrq1 functions to mediate repair of a specific type of DNA damage, intrastrand crosslinks, which occur when DNA nucleotides on the same strand are chemically linked together. These findings are also conserved in humans suggesting a common mechanism between yeast Hrq1 and human RECQL4. Overall, our study identifies a conserved role for RECQL4 in DNA intrastrand crosslink repair and provides insights into how its misregulation could promote cancer development.
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20
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Zhou F, Wang P, Chen J, Zhu Z, Li Y, Wang S, Wu S, Sima Y, Fu T, Tan W, Zhao Z. A photochemically covalent lock stabilizes aptamer conformation and strengthens its performance for biomedicine. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9039-9050. [PMID: 35993818 PMCID: PMC9458419 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers' vast conformation ensemble consisting of interconverting substates severely impairs their performance and applications in biomedicine. Therefore, developing new chemistries stabilizing aptamer conformation and exploring the conformation-performance relationship are highly desired. Herein, we developed an 8-methoxypsoralen-based photochemically covalent lock to stabilize aptamer conformation via crosslinking the inter-stranded thymine nucleotides at TpA sites. Systematical studies and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the conformation-performance relationship of aptamers, revealing that conformation-stabilized aptamers displayed better ability to bind targets, adapt to physiological environment, resist macrophage uptake, prolong circulation half-life, accumulate in and penetrate into tumor than their counterparts. As expected, conformation-stabilized aptamers efficiently improved the therapeutic efficacy of aptamer-drug conjugation on tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, our study has developed a general, simple and economic strategy to stabilize aptamer conformation and shed light on the conformation-performance relationship of aptamers, laying a basis for promoting their basic researches and applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhijia Zhu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Youshan Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Sujuan Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shanchao Wu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yingyu Sima
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China,Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 731 88821894; Fax: +86 731 88821894;
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21
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Zhao Z, Yan X, Li L, Shu Y, He J, Wang L, Huang Q, Xie J, Zhao J, Peng S. Proliferating Stem Cells are Acutely Affected by DNA Damage Induced by Sulfur Mustard. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:716-726. [PMID: 35834647 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM), a chemical warfare agent, can form adducts with DNA, RNA, and proteins. Reactions with DNA lead to the formation of both DNA monoadducts and interstrand cross-links, resulting in DNA damage, and is an important component of SM toxicity. Our previous in vivo studies indicated that dividing cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and intestinal villi stem cells seemed to have increased sensitivity to SM. Therefore, to compare the sensitivity of somatic and stem cells to SM and to investigate the mechanism of SM cytotoxicity, we isolated human foreskin fibroblasts, reprogrammed them into pluripotent stem cells, and then compared the DNA damage repair pathways involved upon SM treatment. Our results indicated that proliferating stem cells were more sensitive to SM-induced DNA damage, and the damage mainly comprised single-stranded breaks. Furthermore, the pathways involved in DNA repair in stem cells and somatic cells were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengming Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiabei Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizhong Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yulei Shu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhen Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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22
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Abdelgawwad AMA, Monari A, Tuñón I, Francés-Monerris A. Spatial and Temporal Resolution of the Oxygen-Independent Photoinduced DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking by a Nitroimidazole Derivative. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3239-3252. [PMID: 35771238 PMCID: PMC9277591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is ubiquitous in nature and is at the basis of emergent treatments such as photodynamic therapy, which is based on the activation of highly oxidative reactive oxygen species by photosensitizing O2. However, hypoxia observed in solid tumors imposes the necessity to devise oxygen-independent modes of action able to induce DNA damage under a low oxygen concentration. The complexity of these DNA damage mechanisms in realistic environments grows exponentially when taking into account light absorption and subsequent excited-state population, photochemical and (photo)-redox reactions, the multiple species involved in different electronic states, noncovalent interactions, multiple reaction steps, and the large number of DNA reactive sites. This work tackles all the intricate reactivity of a photosensitizer based on a nitroimidazole derivative reacting toward DNA in solution under UV light exposition. This is performed through a combination of ground- and excited-state quantum chemistry, classical molecular dynamics, and hybrid QM/MM simulations to rationalize in detail the formation of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) exerted by the noncanonical noncovalent photosensitizer. Unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of these phenomena is achieved, revealing that the ICL is sequence-specific and that the fastest reactions take place at AT, GC, and GT steps involving either the opposite nucleobases or adjacent Watson-Crick base pairs. The N7 and O6 positions of guanine, the N7 and N3 sites of adenine, the N4 position of cytosine, and the O2 atom of thymine are deemed as the most nucleophile sites and are positively identified to participate in the ICL productions. This work provides a multiscale computational protocol to study DNA reactivity with noncovalent photosensitizers, and contributes to the understanding of therapies based on photoinduced DNA damage at molecular and electronic levels. In addition, we believe the depth understanding of these processes should assist the design of new photosensitizers considering their molecular size, electronic properties, and the observed regioselectivity toward nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France.,Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-5400 Nancy, France
| | - Iñaki Tuñón
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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23
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Moretton A, Slyskova J, Simaan ME, Arasa-Verge EA, Meyenberg M, Cerrón-Infantes DA, Unterlass MM, Loizou JI. Clickable Cisplatin Derivatives as Versatile Tools to Probe the DNA Damage Response to Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874201. [PMID: 35719993 PMCID: PMC9202558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin induces DNA crosslinks that are highly cytotoxic. Hence, platinum complexes are frequently used in the treatment of a broad range of cancers. Efficiency of cisplatin treatment is limited by the tumor-specific DNA damage response to the generated lesions. We reasoned that better tools to investigate the repair of DNA crosslinks induced by cisplatin would therefore be highly useful in addressing drug limitations. Here, we synthesized a series of cisplatin derivatives that are compatible with click chemistry, thus allowing visualization and isolation of DNA-platinum crosslinks from cells to study cellular responses. We prioritized one alkyne and one azide Pt(II) derivative, Pt-alkyne-53 and Pt-azide-64, for further biological characterization. We demonstrate that both compounds bind DNA and generate DNA lesions and that the viability of treated cells depends on the active DNA repair machinery. We also show that the compounds are clickable with both a fluorescent probe as well as biotin, thus they can be visualized in cells, and their ability to induce crosslinks in genomic DNA can be quantified. Finally, we show that Pt-alkyne-53 can be used to identify DNA repair proteins that bind within its proximity to facilitate its removal from DNA. The compounds we report here can be used as valuable experimental tools to investigate the DNA damage response to platinum complexes and hence might shed light on mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Moretton
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marwan E. Simaan
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emili A. Arasa-Verge
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Meyenberg
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - D. Alonso Cerrón-Infantes
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joanna I. Loizou
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Kasyanenko N, Qiushi Z, Bakulev V, Sokolov P, Yakovlev K. DNA Conformational Changes Induced by Its Interaction with Binuclear Platinum Complexes in Solution Indicate the Molecular Mechanism of Platinum Binding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102044. [PMID: 35631926 PMCID: PMC9143540 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum anticancer drugs inhibit the division of cancer cells through a DNA binding mechanism. The bimetallic platinum compounds have a possibility for blocking DNA replication via the cross-linking of DNA functional groups at different distances. Many compounds with metals of the platinum group have been tested for possible antitumor activity. The main target of their biological action is a DNA molecule. A combined approach to the study of the interaction of DNA with biologically active compounds of this type is proposed. The capabilities of various methods (hydrodynamic, spectral, microscopy) in obtaining information on the type of binding of coordination compounds to DNA are compared. The analysis of DNA binding with platinum binuclear compounds containing pyrazine, tetrazole, 5- methyltetrazole, 3-propanediamine as bridging ligands in a solution was carried out with the methods of circular dichroism (CD), luminescent spectroscopy (LS), low gradient viscometry (LGV), flow birefringence (FB) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The competitive binding of different platinum compounds to DNA and the analysis of platinum attachment to DNA after protonation of its nitrogen bases simply indicates the involvement of N7 guanine in binding. Fluorescent dye DAPI was also used to recognize the location of platinum compounds in DNA grooves. DNA conformational changes recorded by variations in persistent length, polyelectrolyte swelling, DNA secondary structure, and its stability clarify the molecular mechanism of the biological activity of platinum compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kasyanenko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.Q.); (V.B.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhang Qiushi
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.Q.); (V.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Vladimir Bakulev
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.Q.); (V.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Z.Q.); (V.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Konstantin Yakovlev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, 14, Prof. Popov str., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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25
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Huskova A, Landova B, Boura E, Silhan J. The rate of formation and stability of abasic site interstrand crosslinks in the DNA duplex. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 113:103300. [PMID: 35255312 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) strands pose an impenetrable barrier for DNA replication. Different ICLs are known to recruit distinct DNA repair pathways. NEIL3 glycosylase has been known to remove an abasic (Ap) site derived DNA crosslink (Ap-ICL). An Ap-ICL forms spontaneously from the Ap site with an adjacent adenine in the opposite strand. Lack of genetic models and a poor understanding of the fate of these lesions leads to many questions about the occurrence and the toxicity of Ap-ICL in cells. Here, we investigate the circumstances of Ap-ICL formation. With an array of different oligos, we have investigated the rates of formation, the yields, and the stability of Ap-ICL. Our findings point out how different bases in the vicinity of the Ap site change crosslink formation in vitro. We reveal that AT-rich rather than GC-rich regions in the surrounding Ap site lead to higher rates of Ap-ICL formation. Overall, our data reveal that Ap-ICL can be formed in virtually any DNA sequence context surrounding a hot spot of a 5'-Ap-dT pair, albeit with significantly different rates and yields. Based on Ap-ICL formation in vitro, we attempt to predict the number of Ap-ICLs in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Landova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Silhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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26
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Nasrallah NA, Wiese BM, Sears CR. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C (XPC): Emerging Roles in Non-Dermatologic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846965. [PMID: 35530314 PMCID: PMC9069926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is a DNA damage recognition protein essential for initiation of global-genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). Humans carrying germline mutations in the XPC gene exhibit strong susceptibility to skin cancer due to defective removal via GG-NER of genotoxic, solar UV-induced dipyrimidine photoproducts. However, XPC is increasingly recognized as important for protection against non-dermatologic cancers, not only through its role in GG-NER, but also by participating in other DNA repair pathways, in the DNA damage response and in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, XPC expression levels and polymorphisms likely impact development and may serve as predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in a number of these non-dermatologic cancers. Here we review the existing literature, focusing on the role of XPC in non-dermatologic cancer development, progression, and treatment response, and highlight possible future applications of XPC as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Al Nasrallah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Wiese
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Catherine R. Sears
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine R. Sears,
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27
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Yu D, Fan H, Sun J, Xue L, Wang L, Jia Y, Tian J, Sun H. Phenyl Selenide-Based Precursors as Hydrogen Peroxide Inducible DNA Interstrand Cross-Linkers. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200086. [PMID: 35224848 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are highly toxic DNA lesions, and induce cell death by blocking DNA strands separation. Most developed ICL agents, aiming to kill cancer cells, also generate adverse side effects to normal cells. H2O2-inducible DNA ICL agents are highly selective to target cancer cells, as the concentration of H2O2 is higher in cancer cells than normal cells. Previous studies focus on arylboronate-based precursors, reacting with H2O2 to generate reactive quinone methides (QMs) crosslinking DNA. Here we explore phenyl selenide-based precursors 1-3 as H2O2-inducible DNA ICL agents. The precursors 1-3 can be activated by H2O2 to generate the good benzylic leaving group and promote production of reactive QMs to crosslink DNA. Moreover, the DNA cross-linking ability is enhanced by the introduction of substituents in the para position of the phenolic hydroxyl group. From the substituents explored (H, OMe, F), the introduction of electron donating group (OMe) shows a pronounced elevating effect. Further mechanistic studies at the molecular and DNA levels confirm alkylation sites located mainly at dAs, dCs and dGs in DNA. Additionally, cellular experiments reveal that agents 1-3 exhibit higher cytotoxicity toward H1299 human lung cancer cells compared to clinically used drugs, by inducing cellular DNA damage, apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. This study provides a strategy to develop H2O2-inducible DNA interstrand cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Yu
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Heli Fan
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Jing Sun
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Li Xue
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Luo Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Junyu Tian
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Huabing Sun
- Tianjin Medical University, Pharmacy, 22 Qixiangtai Road, 300070, Tianjin, CHINA
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28
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Liao G, Yang Y, Xie A, Jiang Z, Liao J, Yan M, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Hu J, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Li X. Applicability of Anticancer Drugs for the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Based on Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845950. [PMID: 35281113 PMCID: PMC8913497 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive disease with historically poor outcomes, primarily due to the lack of effective targeted therapies. Here, we established a drug sensitivity prediction model based on the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) using 83 TNBC patients from TCGA. Through analyzing the effect of HRD status on response efficacy of anticancer drugs and elucidating its related mechanisms of action, we found rucaparib (PARP inhibitor) and doxorubicin (anthracycline) sensitive in HR-deficient patients, while paclitaxel sensitive in the HR-proficient. Further, we identified a HRD signature based on gene expression data and constructed a transcriptomic HRD score, for analyzing the functional association between anticancer drug perturbation and HRD. The results revealed that CHIR99021 (GSK3 inhibitor) and doxorubicin have similar expression perturbation patterns with HRD, and talazoparib (PARP inhibitor) could kill tumor cells by reversing the HRD activity. Genomic characteristics indicated that doxorubicin inhibited tumor cells growth by hindering the process of DNA damage repair, while the resistance of cisplatin was related to the activation of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The negative correlation of HRD signature score could interpret the association of doxorubicin pIC50 with worse chemotherapy response and shorter survival of TNBC patients. In summary, these findings explain the applicability of anticancer drugs in TNBC and underscore the importance of HRD in promoting personalized treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Liao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiran Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aimin Xie
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianlong Liao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Zhang, ; Yun Xiao, ; Xia Li,
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Zhang, ; Yun Xiao, ; Xia Li,
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Zhang, ; Yun Xiao, ; Xia Li,
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van den Boogaard WMC, Komninos DSJ, Vermeij WP. Chemotherapy Side-Effects: Not All DNA Damage Is Equal. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:627. [PMID: 35158895 PMCID: PMC8833520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have increased survival rates of children and adults suffering from cancer thanks to effective anti-cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy. However, during treatment and later in life they are frequently confronted with the severe negative side-effects of their life-saving treatment. The occurrence of numerous features of accelerated aging, seriously affecting quality of life, has now become one of the most pressing problems associated with (pediatric) cancer treatment. Chemotherapies frequently target and damage the DNA, causing mutations or genome instability, a major hallmark of both cancer and aging. However, there are numerous types of chemotherapeutic drugs that are genotoxic and interfere with DNA metabolism in different ways, each with their own biodistribution, kinetics, and biological fate. Depending on the type of DNA lesion produced (e.g., interference with DNA replication or RNA transcription), the organ or cell type inflicted (e.g., cell cycle or differentiation status, metabolic state, activity of clearance and detoxification mechanisms, the cellular condition or micro-environment), and the degree of exposure, outcomes of cancer treatment can largely differ. These considerations provide a conceptual framework in which different classes of chemotherapeutics contribute to the development of toxicities and accelerated aging of different organ systems. Here, we summarize frequently observed side-effects in (pediatric) ex-cancer patients and discuss which types of DNA damage might be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie M. C. van den Boogaard
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (W.M.C.v.d.B.); (D.S.J.K.)
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne S. J. Komninos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (W.M.C.v.d.B.); (D.S.J.K.)
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (W.M.C.v.d.B.); (D.S.J.K.)
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Finelli R, Moreira BP, Alves MG, Agarwal A. Unraveling the Molecular Impact of Sperm DNA Damage on Human Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:77-113. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Implications of inhibition of Rev1 interaction with Y family DNA polymerases for cisplatin chemotherapy. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1256-1270. [PMID: 34385260 PMCID: PMC8415319 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348662.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with cisplatin becomes limiting due to toxicity and secondary malignancies. In principle, therapeutics could be improved by targeting translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases (Pols) that promote replication through intrastrand cross-links, the major cisplatin-induced DNA adduct. However, to specifically target malignancies with minimal adverse effects on normal cells, a good understanding of TLS mechanisms in normal versus cancer cells is paramount. We show that in normal cells, TLS through cisplatin intrastrand cross-links is promoted by Polη- or Polι-dependent pathways, both of which require Rev1 as a scaffolding component. In contrast, cancer cells require Rev1-Polζ. Our findings that a recently identified Rev1 inhibitor, JH-RE-06, purported to specifically disrupt Rev1 interaction with Polζ to block TLS through cisplatin adducts in cancer cells, abrogates Rev1's ability to function with Y family Pols as well, implying that by inactivating Rev1-dependent TLS in normal cells, this inhibitor will exacerbate the toxicity and tumorigenicity of chemotherapeutics with cisplatin.
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32
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Ozawa T, Rodriguez M, Zhao G, Yao TW, Fischer WN, Jandeleit B, Koller K, Nicolaides T. A Novel Blood-Brain Barrier-Permeable Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e17595. [PMID: 34646647 PMCID: PMC8482806 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) patients is surgical tumor resection, followed by radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Unfortunately, 60% of newly diagnosed GBM patients express high levels of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and are TMZ-resistant, and all patients eventually become refractory to treatment. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an obstacle to the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to GBM, and BBB-permeable agents that are efficacious in TMZ-resistant and refractory patients are needed. The large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is expressed on the BBB and in GBM and is detected at much lower levels in normal brain tissue. A LAT1-selective therapeutic would potentially target brain tumors while avoiding uptake by healthy tissue. Methods We report a novel chemical entity (QBS10072S) that combines a potent cytotoxic chemotherapeutic domain (tertiary N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine) with the structural features of a selective LAT1 substrate and tested it against GBM models in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, DNA damage was assessed with a gamma H2A.X antibody and cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay and/or CellTiter-Glo assay. For in vivo studies, QBS10072S (with or without radiation) was tested in orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft models, using overall survival and tumor size (as measured by bioluminescence), as endpoints. Results QBS10072S is 50-fold more selective for LAT1 vs. LAT2 in transport assays and demonstrates significant growth suppression in vitro of LAT1-expressing GBM cell lines. Unlike TMZ, QBS10072S is cytotoxic to cells with both high and low levels of MGMT expression. In orthotopic GBM xenografts, QBS10072S treatment significantly delayed tumorigenesis and prolonged animal survival compared to the vehicle without adverse effects. Conclusion QBS10072S is a novel BBB-permeable chemotherapeutic agent with the potential to treat TMZ-resistant and recurrent GBM as monotherapy or in combination with radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ozawa
- Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Guisheng Zhao
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, New York University (NYU), New York, USA
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33
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Muruzabal D, Sanz-Serrano J, Sauvaigo S, Treillard B, Olsen AK, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A, Azqueta A. Validation of the in vitro comet assay for DNA cross-links and altered bases detection. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2825-2838. [PMID: 34196753 PMCID: PMC8298235 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic toxicology is gaining weight for human health risk assessment. Different mechanistic assays are available, such as the comet assay, which detects DNA damage at the level of individual cells. However, the conventional alkaline version only detects strand breaks and alkali-labile sites. We have validated two modifications of the in vitro assay to generate mechanistic information: (1) use of DNA-repair enzymes (i.e., formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, endonuclease III, human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase I and human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase) for detection of oxidized and alkylated bases as well as (2) a modification for detecting cross-links. Seven genotoxicants with different mechanisms of action (potassium bromate, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, hydrogen peroxide, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide), as well as a non-genotoxic compound (dimethyl sulfoxide) and a cytotoxic compound (Triton X-100) were tested on TK-6 cells. We were able to detect with high sensitivity and clearly differentiate oxidizing, alkylating and cross-linking agents. These modifications of the comet assay significantly increase its sensitivity and its specificity towards DNA lesions, providing mechanistic information regarding the type of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Sauvaigo
- LXRepair, Biopolis, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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34
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Jia N, Guo C, Nakazawa Y, van den Heuvel D, Luijsterburg MS, Ogi T. Dealing with transcription-blocking DNA damage: Repair mechanisms, RNA polymerase II processing and human disorders. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103192. [PMID: 34358806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription-blocking DNA lesions (TBLs) in genomic DNA are triggered by a wide variety of DNA-damaging agents. Such lesions cause stalling of elongating RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) enzymes and fully block transcription when unresolved. The toxic impact of DNA damage on transcription progression is commonly referred to as transcription stress. In response to RNA Pol II stalling, cells activate and employ transcription-coupled repair (TCR) machineries to repair cytotoxic TBLs and resume transcription. Increasing evidence indicates that the modification and processing of stalled RNA Pol II is an integral component of the cellular response to and the repair of TBLs. If TCR pathways fail, the prolonged stalling of RNA Pol II will impede global replication and transcription as well as block the access of other DNA repair pathways that may act upon the TBL. Consequently, such prolonged stalling will trigger profound genome instability and devastating clinical features. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which various types of TBLs are repaired by distinct TCR pathways and how RNA Pol II processing is regulated during these processes. We will also discuss the clinical consequences of transcription stress and genotype-phenotype correlations of related TCR-deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chaowan Guo
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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35
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Hyeraci M, Scalcon V, Folda A, Labella L, Marchetti F, Samaritani S, Rigobello MP, Dalla Via L. New Platinum(II) Complexes Affecting Different Biomolecular Targets in Resistant Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1956-1966. [PMID: 33751814 PMCID: PMC8252049 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum-based anticancer drugs represents an important limit for their clinical effectiveness and one of the most important field of investigation in the context of platinum compounds. From our previous studies, PtII complexes containing the triphenylphosphino moiety have been emerging as promising agents, showing significant cytotoxicity to resistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Two brominated triphenylphosphino trans-platinum derivatives were prepared and evaluated on human tumor cell lines, sensitive and resistant to cisplatin. The new complexes exert a notable antiproliferative effect on resistant ovarian carcinoma cells, showing a remarkable intracellular accumulation and the ability to interact with different intracellular targets. The interaction with DNA, the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the impairment of intracellular redox state were demonstrated. Moreover, a selectivity towards the selenocysteine of thioredoxin reductase was observed. The mechanism of action is discussed with regard to the resistance phenomenon in ovarian carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia F. Marzolo, 535131PadovaItaly
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly
| | - Luca Labella
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia F. Marzolo, 535131PadovaItaly
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36
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Masser EA, Burby PE, Hawkins WD, Gustafson BR, Lenhart JS, Simmons LA. DNA damage checkpoint activation affects peptidoglycan synthesis and late divisome components in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:707-722. [PMID: 34097787 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During normal DNA replication, all cells encounter damage to their genetic material. As a result, organisms have developed response pathways that provide time for the cell to complete DNA repair before cell division occurs. In Bacillus subtilis, it is well established that the SOS-induced cell division inhibitor YneA blocks cell division after genotoxic stress; however, it remains unclear how YneA enforces the checkpoint. Here, we identify mutations that disrupt YneA activity and mutations that are refractory to the YneA-induced checkpoint. We find that YneA C-terminal truncation mutants and point mutants in or near the LysM peptidoglycan binding domain render YneA incapable of checkpoint enforcement. In addition, we develop a genetic method which isolated mutations in the ftsW gene that completely bypassed checkpoint enforcement while also finding that YneA interacts with late divisome components FtsL, Pbp2b, and Pbp1. Characterization of an FtsW variant resulted in considerably shorter cells during the DNA damage response indicative of hyperactive initiation of cell division and bypass of the YneA-enforced DNA damage checkpoint. With our results, we present a model where YneA inhibits septal cell wall synthesis by binding peptidoglycan and interfering with interaction between late arriving divisome components causing DNA damage checkpoint activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Masser
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter E Burby
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wayne D Hawkins
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brooke R Gustafson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin S Lenhart
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle A Simmons
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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37
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Tripathi P, Bruner SD. Structural Basis for the Interactions of the Colibactin Resistance Gene Product ClbS with DNA. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1619-1625. [PMID: 33945270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The natural product colibactin, along with its associated biosynthetic gene cluster, is an example system for the role microbially derived small molecules play in the human microbiome. This is particularly relevant in the human gut, where host microbiota is involved in various disorders, including colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Bacteria harboring the colibactin gene cluster induce alkylation of nucleobases in host DNA, forming interstrand cross-links both in vivo and in vitro. These lesions can lead to deleterious double-strand breaks and have been identified as the primary mechanism of colibactin-induced cytotoxicity. The gene product ClbS is one of several mechanisms utilized by the producing bacteria to maintain genome integrity. ClbS catalyzes hydrolytic inactivation of colibactin and has been shown to bind DNA, incurring self-resistance. Presented is the molecular basis for ClbS bound to a DNA oligonucleotide. The structure shows the interaction of the protein with the ends of a DNA duplex with terminal nucleotides flipped to the enzyme active site. The structure suggests an additional function for ClbS, the binding to damaged DNA followed by repair. Additionally, our study provides general insight into the function of the widely distributed and largely uncharacterized DUF1706 protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Steven D Bruner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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38
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Buzon B, Grainger RA, Rzadki C, Huang SYM, Junop M. Identification of Bioactive SNM1A Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9352-9361. [PMID: 33869915 PMCID: PMC8047731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SNM1A is a nuclease required to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) caused by some anticancer compounds, including cisplatin. Unlike other nucleases involved in ICL repair, SNM1A is not needed to restore other forms of DNA damage. As such, SNM1A is an attractive target for selectively increasing the efficacy of ICL-based chemotherapy. Using a fluorescence-based exonuclease assay, we screened a bioactive library of compounds for inhibition of SNM1A. Of the 52 compounds initially identified as hits, 22 compounds showed dose-response inhibition of SNM1A. An orthogonal gel-based assay further confirmed nine small molecules as SNM1A nuclease activity inhibitors with IC50 values in the mid-nanomolar to low micromolar range. Finally, three compounds showed no toxicity at concentrations able to significantly potentiate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. These compounds represent potential leads for further optimization to sensitize cells toward chemotherapeutic agents inducing ICL damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverlee Buzon
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ryan A. Grainger
- Department
of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Cameron Rzadki
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Simon York Ming Huang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Murray Junop
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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39
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Fan H, Zaman MAU, Chen W, Ali T, Campbell A, Zhang Q, Setu NI, Saxon E, Zahn NM, Benko AM, Arnold LA, Peng X. Assessment of Phenylboronic Acid Nitrogen Mustards as Potent and Selective Drug Candidates for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:687-702. [PMID: 33860194 PMCID: PMC8033613 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited treatment options and the worst prognosis among all types of breast cancer. We describe two prodrugs, namely, CWB-20145 (1) and its methyl analogue FAN-NM-CH3 (2) that reduced the size of TNBC-derived tumors. The DNA cross-linking of nitrogen mustard prodrugs 1 and 2 was superior to that of chlorambucil and melphalan once activated in the presence of H2O2. The cellular toxicity of 1 and 2 was demonstrated in seven human cancer cell lines. The TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 was particularly sensitive toward 1 and 2. Compound 2 was 10 times more cytotoxic than chlorambucil and 16 times more active than melphalan. An evaluation of the gene expression demonstrated an upregulation of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 supporting a transcriptional mechanism of a reduced tumor growth. Pharmacokinetic studies with 1 showed a rapid conversion of the prodrug. The introduction of a methyl group generated 2 with an increased half-life. An in vivo toxicity study in mice demonstrated that both prodrugs were less toxic than chlorambucil. Compounds 1 and 2 reduced tumor growth with an inhibition rate of more than 90% in athymic nude mice xenografted with MDA-MB-468 cells. Together, the in vivo investigations demonstrated that treatment with 1 and 2 suppressed tumor growth without affecting normal tissues in mice. These phenylboronic acid nitrogen mustard prodrugs represent promising drug candidates for the treatment of TNBC. However, the mechanisms underlying their superior in vivo activity and selectivity as well as the correlation between H2O2 level and in vivo efficacy are not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taufeeque Ali
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anahit Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nurul Islam Setu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Eron Saxon
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anna M. Benko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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40
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Rozelle AL, Cheun Y, Vilas CK, Koag MC, Lee S. DNA interstrand cross-links induced by the major oxidative adenine lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1897. [PMID: 33772030 PMCID: PMC7997976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA generates 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) as two major lesions. Despite the comparable prevalence of these lesions, the biological effects of oxoA remain poorly characterized. Here we report the discovery of a class of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) involving oxidized nucleobases. Under oxidative conditions, oxoA, but not oxoG, readily reacts with an opposite base to produce ICLs, highlighting a latent alkylating nature of oxoA. Reactive halogen species, one-electron oxidants, and the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl− system induce oxoA ICLs, suggesting that oxoA-mediated cross-links may arise endogenously. Nucleobase analog studies suggest C2-oxoA is covalently linked to N2-guanine and N3-adenine for the oxoA-G and oxoA-A ICLs, respectively. The oxoA ICLs presumably form via the oxidative activation of oxoA followed by the nucleophilic attack by an opposite base. Our findings provide insights into oxoA-mediated mutagenesis and contribute towards investigations of oxidative stress-induced ICLs and oxoA-based latent alkylating agents. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) are generated upon oxidative damage to DNA, but the biological effects of oxoA are not well known. Here, the authors report that only oxoA forms DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) upon secondary oxidation and that these ICLs can be induced by reactive halogen species, one-electron oxidants and the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Rozelle
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Young Cheun
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caroline K Vilas
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Myong-Chul Koag
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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41
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Fan H, Sun H, Zhang Q, Peng X. Photoinduced DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking by 1,1'-Biphenyl Analogues: Substituents and Leaving Groups Combine to Determine the Efficiency of Cross-Linker. Chemistry 2021; 27:5215-5224. [PMID: 33440025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 1,1'-biphenyl analogues with various leaving groups (L=OAc, OCH3 , OCHCH=CH2 , OCH2 Ph, SPh, SePh, and Ph3 P+ ) were synthesized. Their reactivity towards DNA and the reaction mechanism were investigated by determining DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) efficiency, radical and carbocation formation, and the cross-linking reaction sites. All compounds induced DNA ICL formation upon 350 nm irradiation via a carbocation that was generated from oxidation of the corresponding free radicals. The ICL efficiency and the reaction rate strongly depended on the combined effect of the leaving group and the substituent. Among all compounds tested, the high ICL efficiency (30-43 %) and fast reaction rate were observed with compounds carrying a nitrophenyl group and acetate (2 a), ether (2 b and 2 c), or triphenylphosphonium salt (2 g) as leaving groups. Most compounds with a 4-methoxybenzene group showed similar DNA ICL efficiency (≈30 %) with a slow DNA cross-linking reaction rate. Both cation trapping and free radical trapping adducts were detected in the photo activation process of these compounds, which provided direct evidence for the proposed mechanism. Heat stability study in combination with sequence study suggested that these photo-generated benzyl cations alkylate DNA at dG, dA, and dC sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huabing Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
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42
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Baiken Y, Kanayeva D, Taipakova S, Groisman R, Ishchenko AA, Begimbetova D, Matkarimov B, Saparbaev M. Role of Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Processing of Complex DNA Damage Generated by Oxidative Stress and Anticancer Drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:617884. [PMID: 33553154 PMCID: PMC7862338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.617884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical alterations in DNA induced by genotoxic factors can have a complex nature such as bulky DNA adducts, interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs), and clustered DNA lesions (including double-strand breaks, DSB). Complex DNA damage (CDD) has a complex character/structure as compared to singular lesions like randomly distributed abasic sites, deaminated, alkylated, and oxidized DNA bases. CDD is thought to be critical since they are more challenging to repair than singular lesions. Although CDD naturally constitutes a relatively minor fraction of the overall DNA damage induced by free radicals, DNA cross-linking agents, and ionizing radiation, if left unrepaired, these lesions cause a number of serious consequences, such as gross chromosomal rearrangements and genome instability. If not tightly controlled, the repair of ICLs and clustered bi-stranded oxidized bases via DNA excision repair will either inhibit initial steps of repair or produce persistent chromosomal breaks and consequently be lethal for the cells. Biochemical and genetic evidences indicate that the removal of CDD requires concurrent involvement of a number of distinct DNA repair pathways including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated DNA strand break repair, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide incision repair (NIR), global genome and transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER and TC-NER, respectively), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) pathways. In this review, we describe the role of DNA glycosylase-mediated BER pathway in the removal of complex DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeldar Baiken
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Damira Kanayeva
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabira Taipakova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Regina Groisman
- Groupe ≪Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis≫, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Groupe ≪Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis≫, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Matkarimov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Saparbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Groupe ≪Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis≫, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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43
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Koo B, Yoo H, Choi HJ, Kim M, Kim C, Kim KT. Visible Light Photochemical Reactions for Nucleic Acid-Based Technologies. Molecules 2021; 26:556. [PMID: 33494512 PMCID: PMC7865461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding scope of chemical reactions applied to nucleic acids has diversified the design of nucleic acid-based technologies that are essential to medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Among chemical reactions, visible light photochemical reaction is considered a promising tool that can be used for the manipulations of nucleic acids owing to its advantages, such as mild reaction conditions and ease of the reaction process. Of late, inspired by the development of visible light-absorbing molecules and photocatalysts, visible light-driven photochemical reactions have been used to conduct various molecular manipulations, such as the cleavage or ligation of nucleic acids and other molecules as well as the synthesis of functional molecules. In this review, we describe the recent developments (from 2010) in visible light photochemical reactions involving nucleic acids and their applications in the design of nucleic acid-based technologies including DNA photocleaving, DNA photoligation, nucleic acid sensors, the release of functional molecules, and DNA-encoded libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.K.); (H.Y.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Cheoljae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.K.); (H.Y.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.K.); (H.Y.); (H.J.C.)
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44
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Penketh PG, Williamson HS, Baumann RP, Shyam K. Design Strategy for the EPR Tumor-Targeting of 1,2-Bis(sulfonyl)-1-alkylhydrazines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020259. [PMID: 33419160 PMCID: PMC7825511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A design strategy for macromolecular prodrugs is described, that are expected to exhibit robust activity against most solid tumor types while resulting in minimal toxicities to normal tissues. This approach exploits the enhanced permeability, and retention (EPR) effect, and utilizes carefully engineered rate constants to selectively target tumor tissue with short-lived cytotoxic moieties. EPR based tumor accumulation (half-life ~ 15 h) is dependent upon the ubiquitous abnormal solid tumor capillary morphology and is expected to be independent of individual tumor cell genetic variability that leads to resistance to molecularly targeted agents. The macromolecular sulfonylhydrazine-based prodrugs hydrolyze spontaneously with long half-life values (~10 h to >300 h dependent upon their structure) resulting in the majority of the 1,2-bis(sulfonyl)-1-alkylhydrazines (BSHs) cytotoxic warhead being released only after tumor sequestration. The very short half-life (seconds) of the finally liberated BSHs localizes the cytotoxic stress to the tumor target site by allowing insufficient time for escape. Thus, short lifespan anticancer species are liberated, and exhibit their activity largely within the tumor target. The abnormal tumor cell membrane pH gradients favor the uptake of BSHs compared to that of normal cells, further enhancing their selectivity. The reliance on physicochemical/chemical kinetic parameters and the EPR effect is expected to reduce response variability, and the acquisition of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G. Penketh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (R.P.B.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Raymond P. Baumann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (R.P.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Krishnamurthy Shyam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (R.P.B.); (K.S.)
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45
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Song Y, Park SY, Wu Z, Liu KH, Seo YH. Hybrid inhibitors of DNA and HDACs remarkably enhance cytotoxicity in leukaemia cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1069-1079. [PMID: 32314611 PMCID: PMC7191901 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1754812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorambucil is a nitrogen mustard-based DNA alkylating drug, which is widely used as a front-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Despite its widespread application and success for the initial treatment of leukaemia, a majority of patients eventually develop acquired resistance to chlorambucil. In this regard, we have designed and synthesised a novel hybrid molecule, chloram-HDi that simultaneously impairs DNA and HDAC enzymes. Chloram-HDi efficiently inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 and U937 leukaemia cells with GI50 values of 1.24 µM and 1.75 µM, whereas chlorambucil exhibits GI50 values of 21.1 µM and 37.7 µM against HL-60 and U937 leukaemia cells, respectively. The mechanism behind its remarkably enhanced cytotoxicity is that chloram-HDi not only causes a significant DNA damage of leukaemia cells but also downregulates DNA repair protein, Rad52, resulting in the escalation of its DNA-damaging effect. Furthermore, chloram-HDi inhibits HDAC enzymes to induce the acetylation of α-tubulin and histone H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Song
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun You Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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46
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Fan H, Peng X. Photoinduced DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking by Benzene Derivatives: Leaving Groups Determine the Efficiency of the Cross-Linker. J Org Chem 2021; 86:493-506. [PMID: 33253574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized two small libraries of 2-OMe or 2-NO2-benzene analogues 2a-i and 3a-i containing a wide variety of leaving groups. Irradiation of these compounds at 350 nm generated benzyl radicals that were spontaneously oxidized to benzyl cations directly producing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). Compounds with a 2-methoxy substituent showed a faster cross-linking reaction rate and higher ICL efficiency than the corresponding 2-nitro analogues. Apart from the aromatic substituent, the benzylic leaving groups greatly affected DNA cross-linking efficiency. Higher ICL yields were observed for compounds with OCH3 (3b), OCH2Ph (3d), or Ph3P+ (3i) as leaving groups than those containing OAc (3a), NMe2 (3e), morpholine (3f), OCH2CH═CH2 (3c), SPh (3g), or SePh (3h). The heat stability study of the isolated ICL products indicated that dGs were the preferred alkylation sites in DNA for the benzyl cations produced from 2a-i, 3c, and 3e-i while 3a (L = OAc), 3b (L = OMe), and 3d (L = OCH2Ph) showed a similar photoreactivity toward dGs and dAs. Although the photogenerated benzyl cations alkylated dG, dC, and dA, ICL assay with variation of DNA sequences showed that the ICL reaction occurred with opposing dG/dC but not with staggered dA/dA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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Wang P, Gong Q, Hu J, Li X, Zhang X. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Prodrugs, Probes, and Theranostic Prodrugs: Applications in the ROS-Related Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 64:298-325. [PMID: 33356214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have commonly been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. In light of significant differences in ROS levels between the nonpathogenic and pathological tissues, an increasing number of ROS-responsive prodrugs, probes, and theranostic prodrugs have been developed for the targeted treatment and precise diagnosis of ROS-related diseases. This review will summarize and provide insight into recent advances in ROS-responsive prodrugs, fluorescent probes, and theranostic prodrugs, with applications to different ROS-related diseases and various subcellular organelle-targetable and disease-targetable features. The ROS-responsive moieties, the self-immolative linkers, and the typical activation mechanism for the ROS-responsive release are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Differential gene expression in cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive testicular germ cell tumor cell lines. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4735-4753. [PMID: 33473258 PMCID: PMC7771712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent a well curable malignity due to their exceptional response to cisplatin (CDDP). Despite remarkable treatment results, approximately 5% of TGCT patients develop CDDP resistance and die. Exceptional curability makes TGCTs a highly valuable model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of CDDP sensitivity. Our study was aimed at revealing difference in gene expression between the CDDP-resistant and -sensitive TGCT cell lines, and hence at identifying candidate genes that could serve as potential biomarkers of CDDP response. Using gene expression array, we identified 281 genes that are differentially expressed in CDDP-resistant compared to -sensitive TGCT cell lines. The expression of 25 genes with the highest fold change was validated by RT-qPCR. Of them, DNMT3L, GAL, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, L1TD1, NANOG, NTF3, POU5F1, SOX2, WNT6, ZFP42, ID2, PCP4, SLC40A1 and TRIB3, displayed comparable expression change in gene expression array and RT-qPCR, when all CDDP-resistant TGCT cell lines were pairwise combined with all -sensitive ones. Products of the identified genes are pluripotency factors, or are involved in processes, such as cell metabolism, proliferation or migration. We propose that, after clinical validation, these genes could serve as prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CDDP response in TGCT patients.
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Bondi R, Dalla Via L, Hyeraci M, Pagot G, Labella L, Marchetti F, Samaritani S. Cytotoxicity and DNA interaction in a series of aryl terminated iminopyridine Pt(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 216:111335. [PMID: 33360320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of iminopyridine complexes of platinum(II), bearing a flexible diethereal, aryl terminated residue, where the size of aryl group is varied from phenyl to 9-anthracenyl, was synthesized. The new complexes are soluble and stable in DMSO/H2O mixtures. Besides the metal center, aryl groups are available for further interactions with DNA, due to the good side chain flexibility. The new aryl functionalized iminopyridine dichlorido platinum(II) complexes show a significant antiproliferative activity on ovarian carcinoma cells and notably, complex 13 is able to overcome cisplatin resistance. The study of the interaction mode of 13 with DNA highlighted the ability to form a molecular complex characterized by a dual (intercalative and groove binding) geometry. The complex is also able to covalently add to DNA even though interstrand cross-links appear significantly hampered with respect to cisplatin. The interactions with the macromolecule are discussed in view of the observed cell effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, Padova I-35131, Italy.
| | - Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Gioele Pagot
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Luca Labella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Bari, Italy.
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Ghodke PP, Pradeepkumar PI. Site‐Specific
N
2
‐dG DNA Adducts: Formation, Synthesis, and TLS Polymerase‐Mediated Bypass. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha P. Ghodke
- Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 638B Robinson Research Building 2200 Pierce Avenue 37323‐0146 Nashville Tennessee United States
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai Powai India
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