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Mei P, Ma Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hao W, Fan QH, Zhang WX. Chiral bisphosphine Ph-BPE ligand: a rising star in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6735-6778. [PMID: 38826108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with C2-symmetry. Ph-BPE with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how Ph-BPE is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zibin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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2
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Jacob HL, Weyer N, Leibold M, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Ferrocene-Based N-Heterocyclic Silylenes: Monomeric Silanechalcogenones, Silanimines, Silirenes, and Insertion Products with P 4. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400850. [PMID: 38656583 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The stable ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic silylenes fc[(N{B})2Si] (A; fc=1,1'-ferrocenylene, {B}=(HCNDipp)2B, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and fc[(NDipp)2Si] (B) are compared in a study focussing on their reactivity towards a range of small to moderately sized molecular substrates, viz. P4, S8, Se8, MesN3 (Mes=mesityl), RC≡CH, and RC≡CR (R=Ph, SiMe3). The Dipp-substituted congener B exhibits a more pronounced ambiphilicity and is sterically less congested than its 1,3,2-diazaborolyl-substituted relative A, in line with the higher reactivity of the former. The difference in reactivity is obviously due more to electronic than to steric reasons, as is illustrated by the fact that both A and B react with the comparatively bulky substrate MesN3 under mild conditions to afford the corresponding silanimine fc[(N{B})2Si=NMes] and fc[(NDipp)2Si=NMes], respectively. The heavier ketone analogues fc[(N{B})2Si=E] (E=S, Se, Te) are readily available from A and the corresponding chalcogen. In contrast, the reaction of the more reactive silylene B with elemental sulfur or selenium is unspecific, affording product mixtures. However, fc[(NDipp)2Si=Se] is selectively prepared from B and (Et2N)3PSe; the Te analogue is also accessible, but crystallises as head-to-tail dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes L Jacob
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nadine Weyer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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3
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Balázs G, Wolf R. Access to 1,2,3-triphospholide ligands by reduction of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10113-10119. [PMID: 38747137 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (A) is a reactive tetrahedral molecule which may serve as a source of new phosphaorganic molecules and ligands. However, the redox chemistry of this compound has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the reduction of A with alkali metals (AM = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) affords 1,2,3-triphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,2,3-P3C2tBu2] (1-5, [AM(crown ether)] = [Li([12]crown-4)2]+, [Na([15]crown-5)2]+, [K([18]crown-6)]+, [Rb([18]crown-6)]+, and Cs+) with 1,3-diphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,3-P2C3tBu3] (6-10) formed as by-products. The potassium salt 3 was isolated on a preparative scale, allowing for reactivity studies. Transmetalation with iron(II) and ruthenium(II) chlorides yielded the sandwich complexes [Cp*M(η5-1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)] (11, M = Fe; 12, M = Ru, Cp* = C5Me5) featuring η5-coordinated triphospholide ligands. Treatment of 3 with [Cp2Fe][BAr4F] or [H(Et2O)2BAr4F] (BAr4F = B{C6H3(CF3)2}4) afforded the polyphosphorus compound tBu4C4P6 (13), which presumably results from the dimerisation of a 1,2,3-triphospholyl radical intermediate (1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)˙ (3˙). Tetracyclic 13 is closely structurally related to an isomer of the hydrocarbon hypostrophene (C10H10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Uttendorfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Huangfu X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wei J, Liu W, Zhang WX. Recent progress on the functionalization of white phosphorus in China. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae162. [PMID: 38855361 PMCID: PMC11162153 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from white phosphorus represents a significant but challenging subject, especially in the context of ongoing efforts to comprehensively improve the phosphorus-derived chemical industry driven by sustainability and safety concerns. China is the world's largest producer of white phosphorus, creating a significant demand for the green transformation of this crucial feedstock. This review provides an overview of advancements in white phosphorus activation by Chinese research teams, focusing on the direct construction of P‒C/N/O/S/M bonds from white phosphorus. Additionally, we offer some insights into prospective directions for the activation and transformation of white phosphorus in the future. This review paper aims to attract more researchers to engage in this area, stimulating follow-up exploration and fostering enduring advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Hauer S, Balázs G, Gliese F, Meurer F, Horsley Downie TM, Hennig C, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Functionalization of Tetraphosphido Ligands by Heterocumulenes. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38819111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although numerous polyphosphido complexes have been accessed through the transition-metal-mediated activation and functionalization of white phosphorus (P4), the selective functionalization of the resulting polyphosphorus ligands in these compounds remains underdeveloped. In this study, we explore the reactions between cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complexes and heterocumulenes, leading to functionalized P4 ligands. Specifically, the reaction of carbon disulfide (CS2) with [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4-P4)] ([K(18c-6)]1, 18c-6 = [18]crown-6) affords the adduct [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4CS2)] ([K(18c-6)]3), in which CS2 is attached to a single phosphorus atom (Ar* = 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN = 1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine). In contrast, the insertion of bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfur diimide S(NSiMe3)2 into a P-P bond of [K(18c-6)]1 yields [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)2)] (K(18c-6)]4). This salt further reacts with Me3SiCl to form [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)3] (5), featuring a rare azatetraphosphole ligand. Moreover, treatment of the previously reported complex [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(O)tBu)] (2) with isothiocyanates results in P-C bond insertion, yielding [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(S)N(R)C(O)tBu)] (6a,b; R = Cy, Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Gliese
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Meurer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Hennig
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Rossendorf Beamline (BM20-CRG), 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Sarkar D, Vasko P, Gluharev T, Griffin LP, Bogle C, Struijs J, Tang J, Roper AF, Crumpton AE, Aldridge S. Synthesis, Isolation, and Reactivity Studies of 'Naked' Acyclic Gallyl and Indyl Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407427. [PMID: 38775385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
By exploiting the electronic capabilities of the N-heterocyclic boryloxy (NHBO) ligand, we have synthesized "naked" acyclic gallyl [Ga{OB(NDippCH)2}2]- and indyl [In{OB(NDippCH)2}2]- anions (as their [K(2.2.2-crypt)]+ salts) through K+ abstraction from [KGa{OB(NDippCH)2}2] and [KIn{OB(NDippCH)2}2] using 2.2.2-crypt. These systems represent the first O-ligated gallyl/indyl systems, are ultimately accessed from cyclopentadienyl GaI/InI precursors by substitution chemistry, and display nucleophilic reactivity which is strongly influenced by the presence (or otherwise) of the K+ counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tihomir Gluharev
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Liam P Griffin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Charlotte Bogle
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Job Struijs
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jianqin Tang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Aisling F Roper
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Agamemnon E Crumpton
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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7
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Elsayed Moussa M, Shelyganov PA, Seidl M, Zimmermann L, Scheer M. Supramolecular compounds assembled from the heteroleptic tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO) 2} 2(μ,η 2-AsSb)] and metal salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4703-4706. [PMID: 38596847 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of the tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2-AsSb)] with CuI and AgI salts is presented which gives unprecedented neutral and cationic supramolecular aggregates featuring mixed As/Sb-donor molecules as ligands/linkers between metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Elsayed Moussa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Pavel A Shelyganov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Innsbruck, Centrum für Chemie und Biomedizin (CCB), Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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8
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Hierlmeier G, Kutta RJ, Coburger P, Stammler HG, Schwabedissen J, Mitzel NW, Dimitrova M, Berger RJF, Nuernberger P, Wolf R. Structure and photochemistry of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5596-5603. [PMID: 38638211 PMCID: PMC11023056 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (1) is a mixed carbon- and phosphorus-based tetrahedral molecule, isolobal to white phosphorus (P4). However, despite the fundamental significance and well-explored reactivity of the latter molecule, the precise structure of the free (tBuCP)2 molecule (1) and a detailed analysis of its electronic properties have remained elusive. Here, single-crystal X-ray structure determination of 1 at low temperature confirms the tetrahedral structure. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations confirm that 1 is isolobal to P4 and shows a strong largely isotropic diamagnetic response in the magnetic field and thus pronounced spherical aromaticity. A spectroscopic and computational study on the photochemical reactivity reveals that diphosphatetrahedrane 1 readily dimerises to the ladderane-type phosphaalkyne tetramer (tBuCP)4 (2) under irradiation with UV light. With sufficient thermal activation energy, the dimerisation proceeds also in the dark. In both cases, an isomerisation to a 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene 1' is the first step. This intermediate subsequently undergoes a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with a second 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene molecule to form 2. The 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene intermediate 1' can be trapped chemically by N-methylmaleimide as an alternative [2 + 2] cycloaddition partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Coburger
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Chemie und Physik der Materialien 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Raphael J F Berger
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Chemie und Physik der Materialien 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
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9
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Sarkar D, Dutta S, Hanusch F, Koley D, Inoue S. Synthesis and reactivity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported heavier nitrile ylides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2391-2397. [PMID: 38362429 PMCID: PMC10866356 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of stable heavier analogues of nitrile ylide as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts of phosphasilenyl-tetrylene [(NHC)(TerAr)Si(H)PE14(TerAr)] (E14 = Ge 1, Sn 2; TerAr = 2,6-Mes2C6H3, NHC = IMe4) are reported. The delocalized Si-P-E14 π-conjugation was examined experimentally and computationally. Interestingly, the germanium derivative 1 exhibits a 1,3-dipolar nature, leading to an unprecedented [3 + 2] cycloaddition with benzaldehyde, resulting in unique heterocycles containing four heteroatoms from group 14, 15, and 16. Further exploiting the nucleophilicity of germanium, activation of the P-P bond of P4 was achieved, leading to a [(NHC)(phosphasilenyl germapolyphide)] complex. Moreover, the [3 + 2] cycloaddition and the σ-bond activation by 1 resemble the characteristics of the classic nitrile ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741 246 India
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741 246 India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
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10
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Hauer S, Horsley Downie TM, Balázs G, Schwedtmann K, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Cobalt-Mediated [3+1] Fragmentation of White Phosphorus: Access to Acylcyanophosphanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317170. [PMID: 38059391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the accessibility of numerous transition metal polyphosphido complexes through transition-metal-mediated activation of white phosphorus, the targeted functionalization of Pn ligands to obtain functional monophosphorus species remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a new [3+1] fragmentation procedure for cyclo-P4 ligands, leading to the discovery of acylcyanophosphanides and -phosphines. Treatment of the complex [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4 -P4 )] ([K(18c-6)]3, 18c-6=[18]crown-6, Ar*=2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN=1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine) with acyl chlorides results in the formation of acylated tetraphosphido complexes [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4 -P4 C(O)R)] (R=tBu, Cy, 1-Ad, Ph; 4 a-d). Subsequent reactions of 4 a-d with cyanide salts yield acylated cyanophosphanides [RC(O)PCN]- (9 a-d- ) and the cyclo-P3 cobaltate anion [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3 -P3 )(CN)]- (8- ). Further reactions of 4 a-d with trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3 SiCN) and isocyanides provide insight into a plausible mechanism of this [3+1] fragmentation reaction, as these reagents partially displace the P4 C(O)R ligand from the cobalt center. Several potential intermediates of the [3+1] fragmentation were characterized. Additionally, the introduction of a second acyl substituent was achieved by treating [K(18c-6)]9b with CyC(O)Cl, resulting in the first bis(acyl)monocyanophosphine (CyC(O))2 PCN (10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Chen Y, Liu W, Huangfu X, Wei J, Yu J, Zhang WX. Direct Synthesis of Phosphoryltriacetates from White Phosphorus via Visible Light Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302289. [PMID: 37927193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are widely used in many fields. However, traditional synthetic routes in the industry usually involve multistep and hazardous procedures. Therefore, it's of great significance to construct such compounds in an environmentally-friendly and facile way. Herein, a photoredox catalytic method has been developed to construct novel phosphoryltriacetates. Using fac-Ir(ppy)3 (ppy=2-phenylpyridine) as the photocatalyst and blue LEDs (456 nm) as the light source, white phosphorus can react with α-bromo esters smoothly to generate phosphoryltriacetates in moderate to good yields. This one-step approach features mild reaction conditions and simple operational process without chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiangxi Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials (Hengyang Normal University), College of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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12
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Reichl S, Riesinger C, Yadav R, Timoshkin AY, Roesky PW, Scheer M. Reactivity of [Cp*Fe(η 5 -As 5 )] towards Carbenes, Silylenes and Germylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316117. [PMID: 37983682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The reaction behavior of [Cp*Fe(η5 -As5 )] (I) (Cp*=C5 Me5 ) towards carbenes and their heavier analogs was investigated. The reaction of I with NHCs (NHCs=N-heterocyclic carbenes) results in the first substitution products of polyarsenic ligand complexes by NHCs [Cp*Fe(η4 -As5 NHC)] (1 a: NHC=IMe=1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene, 1 b: NHC=IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene). In contrast, the reaction of I with Et CAAC (Et CAAC=2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-5-ylidene) leads to a fragmentation and the formation of an unprecedented As6 -sawhorse-type compound [As2 (AsEt CAAC)4 ] (2). The reaction of (LE)2 (L=PhC(Nt Bu)2 ; E=Si, Ge) with I resulted in a rearrangement and an insertion of LE fragments, forming unique silicon- (4: [Cp*Fe(η4 -As4 SiL)], 5 a: [Cp*Fe(η4 -As6 SiL)) and germanium-containing (5 b: [Cp*Fe(η4 -As6 GeL)) cyclic polyarsenic ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Sharma MK, Weinert HM, Wölper C, Schulz S. Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL: A novel phosphinidene transfer reagent. Chemistry 2024:e202400110. [PMID: 38235843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL 1 (L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2 ; Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) reacts with N-heterocyclic carbenes R NHC (R NHC=[CMeN(R)]2 C; R=Me, iPr) to R NHC-coordinated phosphinidenes R NHC→PGa(Cl)L (R=Me 2 a, iPr 2 b) and with isonitriles RNC (R=iPr, Cy) to 1,3-phosphaazaallenes L(Cl)GaP=C=N-R (R=iPr 3 a, Cy 3 b), respectively. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that 2 a/2 b possess two localized lone pair of electrons, whereas 3 a/3 b only show one localized lone pair as was reported for gallaphosphene 1. 2 b reacts with 2.5 equivalents of a borane (THF ⋅ BH3 ) to the NHC-stabilized phosphinidene-borane complex [iPr NHC→P(BH2 )]2 (BH3 )3 4 with concomitant formation of LGa(H)Cl 5. 2-5 are characterized by heteronuclear (1 H, 13 C{1 H}, 31 P{1 H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Hanns M Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, D-47057, Duisburg
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14
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Chen M, Zhang Z, Liu J, Li G, Zhao L, Mo Z. Isolation and Reactivity of Homoleptic Diphosphene Lead Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312837. [PMID: 37837247 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to their limited capacity for π-backdonation, isolation of π-complexes of main-group elements remains a great challenge. We report herein the synthesis of a homoleptic diphosphene lead complex (2) from the degradation of P4 with a bis(germylene)-stabilized Pb(0) complex. Structural and computational studies showed that 2 possesses significant π bonding interactions between Pb atom and diphosphene ligands, which is reminiscent of transition-metal diphosphene complexes. Consistent with its unique electronic structure, complex 2 can deliver Pb(0) atoms to perform redox reaction with an iminoquinone to produce a cyclic plumbylene (4) and perform 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylimidazol-1-ylidene (IMe2 Me2 ) induced phosphorus cation abstraction to give an anionic PbP3 complex (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Gongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Science, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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15
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Liu Y, Chen X, Yu B. Sustainable Photo- and Electrochemical Transformation of White Phosphorous (P 4 ) into P 1 Organo-Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302142. [PMID: 37671623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Elemental white phosphorous (P4 ) is a crucial feedstock for the entire phosphorus-derived chemical industry, serving as a common precursor for the ultimate preparation of high-grade monophosphorus (P1 ) fine chemicals. However, the corresponding manufacturing processes generally suffer from a deep reliance on hazardous reagents, inputs of immense energy, emissions of toxic pollutants, and the generation of substantial waste, which have negative impacts on the environment. In this context, sustainability and safety concerns provide a consistent impetus for the urgent overall improvement of phosphorus cycles. In this Concept, we present an overview of the most recent growth in photo- and electrochemical synthesis of P1 organo-compounds from P4 , with special emphasis on sustainable features. The key aspects of innovations regarding activation mode and mechanism have been comprehensively analyzed. A preliminary look at the possible future direction of development is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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16
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Dabringhaus P, Heizmann T, Krossing I. Activation of the Ga I Cation for Bond Activation: from Oxidative Additions into C-Cl and H-P Bonds to Reversible Insertion into P 4. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302212. [PMID: 37583347 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the discovery of the GaI complex salt [Ga(PhF)2-3 ][Al(ORF )4 ] (RF =C(CF3 )3 , PhF=C6 H5 F) invoked the preparation of a diverse library of cationic Ga(I) coordination complexes and clusters, studies on small molecule activation with low-valent GaI cations are scarce. Herein, a first experimental study on the reactivity of a monomeric Ga(I) cation activated with a pyridine-diimine pincer ligand (in [Ga(PDIdipp )][Al(ORF )4 ]) towards small-molecules is reported. First controlled oxidative additions of the GaI cation into C-Cl, H-P and P-P bonds are presented. Moreover, the [4+1]cycloaddition to butadienes was achieved. Intriguingly, the isolated, blue insertion product into the P-P bond of P4 allows for the quantitative release of the P4 molecule upon reaction with AlEt3 and butadienes. Reversible P4 insertion of main-group metals has previously been reported for Ge and Sn, respectively. The experimental study is supported by high-level computational analysis of the in-part reversible oxidative additions at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP//PBEh-3c/def2-mSVP level of theory with COSMO-RS solvation in 1,2-difluorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Tim Heizmann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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17
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Hoidn CM, Trabitsch K, Schwedtmann K, Taube C, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Formation of a Hexaphosphido Cobalt Complex through P-P Condensation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301930. [PMID: 37489883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between diphosphorus derivatives [(Cl ImDipp )P2 (Dipp)]OTf (1[OTf]) and [(Cl ImDipp )P2 (Dipp)Cl] (1[Cl]) with the cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complex [K(18c-6)][(PHDI)Co(η4 -cyclo-P4 )] (2) leads to the formation of complex [(PHDI)Co{η4 -cyclo-P6 (Dipp)(Cl ImDipp )}] (3), which features an unusual hexaphosphido ligand [Cl ImDipp =4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-yl, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 18c-6=18-crown-6, PHDI=bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)phenanthrene-9,10-diimine]. Complex 3 was obtained as a crystalline material with a moderate yield at low temperature. Upon exposure to ambient temperature, compound 3 slowly transforms into two other compounds, [K(18c-6)][(PHDI)Co(η4 -P7 Dipp)] (4) and [(PHDI)Co{cyclo-P5 (Cl ImDipp )}] (5). The novel complexes 3-5 were characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To shed light on the formation of these compounds, a proposed mechanism based on 31 P NMR monitoring studies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hoidn
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Trabitsch
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Taube
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Huangfu X, Liu W, Xu H, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Photochemical Benzylation of White Phosphorus. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12009-12017. [PMID: 37458455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have wide application in organic synthesis, material sciences, and drug discovery. Generally, the vast majority of phosphorus atoms in OPCs are derived from white phosphorus (P4). However, the large-scale preparation of OPCs mainly proceeds through the multistep and environmentally toxic chlorine route from P4. Herein, we report the direct benzylation of P4 promoted by visible light. The cheap and readily available benzyl bromide was used as a benzylation reagent, and tetrabenzylphosphonium bromide was directly synthesized from P4. In addition, the metallaphotoredox catalysis strategy was applied to functionalize P4 for the first time, which significantly improved the application range of the substituted benzyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanhua Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Heinl V, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Reactivity of [Cp'' 2 Zr(η 1:1 -E 4 )] (E=P, As) towards Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2023:e202301016. [PMID: 37129582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of the polypnictogen ligand complexes [Cp''2 Zr(η1:1 -E4 )] (E=P (1 a), As (1 b); Cp''=1,3-di-tertbutyl-cyclopentadienyl) is focused to modify the features of the polypnictogen unit to explore new synthetic pathways for further transformations. The reaction behavior of 1 towards main group nucleophiles is investigated. The reaction of 1 a with t BuLi leads to the ionic product Li[Cp''2 Zr(η1:1 -P4 t Bu)] (2) where an organic group is attached to a bridgehead phosphorus atom of the butterfly unit. Further reactions of 2 with quenching electrophilic reagents enable the introduction of other substituents. Moreover, a condensation of 2 to [(Cp''2 Zr)2 (μ,η1:1:1:1 -P8 t Bu2 )] (3), containing a novel P8 -unit, has been observed. The reaction of 1 with LiNMe2 and LiCH2 SiMe3 leads to a partial fragmentation of the E4 unit and the compounds [Cp''2 Zr(η2 -E3 Nu)] (Nu=NMe2 : E=P (6 a), As (6 b); Nu=CH2 SiMe3 : E=P (7 a), As (7 b)) are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Heinl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Cooperative Bond Activation and Catalytic CO 2 Functionalization with a Geometrically Constrained Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Borylene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7011-7020. [PMID: 36939300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity has emerged as an important strategy to tune the reactivity of transition-metal complexes for the catalysis and activation of small molecules. Studies of main-group compounds, however, are scarce. Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of a geometrically constrained bis(silylene)-stabilized borylene. The one-pot reaction of [(SiNSi)Li(OEt2)] (SiNSi = 4,5-bis(silylene)-2,7,9,9-tetramethyl-9H-acridin-10-ide) with 1 equiv of [BBr3(SMe2)] in toluene at room temperature followed by reduction with 2 equiv of potassium graphite (KC8) leads to borylene [(SiNSi)B] (1), isolated as blue crystals in 45% yield. X-ray crystallography shows that borylene (1) has a tricoordinate boron center with a distorted T-shaped geometry. Computational studies reveal that the HOMO of 1 represents the lone pair orbital on the boron center and is delocalized over the Si-B-Si unit, while the geometric perturbation significantly increases its energy. Borylene (1) shows single electron transfer reactivity toward tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3), forming a frustrated radical pair [(SiNSi)B]•+[B(C6F5)3]•-, which can be trapped by its reaction with PhSSPh, affording an ion pair [(SiNSi)BSPh][PhSB(C6F5)3] (3). Remarkably, the cooperation between borylene and silylene allows the facile cleavage of the N-H bond of aniline, the P-P bond in white phosphorus, and the C═O bond in ketones and carbon dioxide, thus representing a new type of main-group element-ligand cooperativity for the activation of small molecules. In addition, 1 is a strikingly effective catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction. Computational studies reveal that the cooperation between borylene and silylene plays a key role in the catalytic chemical bond activation process.
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21
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Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Schlittenhardt S, Köppe R, Uhlmann C, Rauska UC, Ruben M, Roesky PW. Molecular cyclo-P 3 complexes of the rare-earth elements via a one-pot reaction and selective reduction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2149-2158. [PMID: 36845933 PMCID: PMC9945584 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of new organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with an aromatic cyclo-[P4]2- moiety and a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety is presented. For this purpose, the divalent LnII-complexes [(NON)LnII(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) ((NON)2- = 4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl-amino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) and trivalent LnIII-complexes [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] (Ln = Y, Sm, Dy) were used as precursors in the reduction process of white phosphorus. While using [(NON)LnII(thf)2] as a one-electron reducing agent the formation of organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion was observed. For comparison, we investigated a multi-electron reduction of P4 by a one-pot reaction of [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] with elemental potassium. As products molecular polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were isolated. The same compound could also be obtained by reducing the cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion within the coordination sphere of SmIII in [{(NON)SmIII(thf)2}2(μ-η4:η4-P4)]. Reduction of a polyphosphide within the coordination sphere of a lanthanide complex is unprecedented. Additionally, the magnetic properties of the dinuclear DyIII-compound bearing a bridging cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ulf-Christian Rauska
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany,Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge BP 7002867083 Strasbourg CedexFrance,Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 15D-76131 KarlsruheGermany
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22
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Senthil S, Gau MR, Mindiola DJ. A Contiguous Tricyclic [P 6] 2– Framework Spanning Across Two Vanadium(III) Centers. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuruthi Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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23
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Sabater E, Solà M, Salvador P, Andrada DM. Cage-size effects on the encapsulation of P 2 by fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:268-277. [PMID: 35546081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2 , given its weak π-bonds or strong σ-bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well-known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4 , we show that the fullerenes C70 -C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host-guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sabater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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24
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Riesinger C, Dielmann F, Szlosek R, Virovets AV, Scheer M. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Cyclooctatetraene-Like Polyphosphorus Ligand Complex [Cyclo-P 8 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218828. [PMID: 36692270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermolysis of Cp'''Ta(CO)4 with white phosphorus (P4 ) gives access to [{Cp'''Ta}2 (μ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 -P8 )] (A), representing the first complex containing a cyclooctatetraene-like (COT) cyclo-P8 ligand. While ring sizes of n >6 have remained elusive for cyclo-Pn structural motifs, the choice of the transition metal, co-ligand and reaction conditions allowed the isolation of A. Reactivity investigations reveal its versatile coordination behaviour as well as its redox properties. Oxidation leads to dimerization to afford [{Cp'''Ta}4 (μ4 ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 -P16 )][TEF]2 (4, TEF=[Al(OC{CF3 }3 )4 ]- ). Reduction, however, leads to the fission of one P-P bond in A followed by rapid dimerization to form [K@[2.2.2]cryptand]2 [{Cp'''Ta}4 (μ4 ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 -P16 )] (5), which features an unprecedented chain-type P16 ligand. Lastly, A serves as a P2 synthon, via ring contraction to the triple-decker complex [{Cp'''Ta}2 (μ,η6 : 6 -P6 )] (B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Szlosek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander V Virovets
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Hu J, Chai Z, Liu W, Wei J, Lv ZJ, Zhang WX. Direct and chlorine-free synthesis of phosphafluorenes or their oxides from white phosphorus. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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26
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Yang C, Jiang X, Chen Q, Leng X, Xiao J, Ye S, Deng L. Signet-Ring-Shaped Octaphosphorus–Cobalt Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Functionalization Reactions with Carbene Analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20785-20796. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuebin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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27
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Kuchkaev AM, Kuchkaev AM, Khayarov KR, Zueva EM, Dobrynin AB, Islamov DR, Yakhvarov DG. PNP Ligands in Cobalt‐Mediated Activation and Functionalization of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210973. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airat M. Kuchkaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Aidar M. Kuchkaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R. Khayarov
- Institute of Physics Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M. Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Street 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B. Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Daut R. Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Studies of Biomacromolecules FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Lobachevskogo Street 2/31 Kazan 420111 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G. Yakhvarov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
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28
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Coordination of cage compounds by Cu(I) nacnac compounds. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Piesch M, Nicolay A, Haimerl M, Seidl M, Balázs G, Don Tilley T, Scheer M. Binding, Release and Functionalization of Intact Pnictogen Tetrahedra Coordinated to Dicopper Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201144. [PMID: 35575052 PMCID: PMC9541576 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bridging MeCN ligand in the dicopper(I) complexes [(DPFN)Cu2(μ,η1 : η1‐MeCN)][X]2 (X=weakly coordinating anion, NTf2 (1 a), FAl[OC6F10(C6F5)]3 (1 b), Al[OC(CF3)3]4 (1 c)) was replaced by white phosphorus (P4) or yellow arsenic (As4) to yield [(DPFN)Cu2(μ,η2 : η2‐E4)][X]2 (E=P (2 a–c), As (3 a–c)). The molecular structures in the solid state reveal novel coordination modes for E4 tetrahedra bonded to coinage metal ions. Experimental data and quantum chemical computations provide information concerning perturbations to the bonding in coordinated E4 tetrahedra. Reactions with N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) led to replacement of the E4 tetrahedra with release of P4 or As4 and formation of [(DPFN)Cu2(μ,η1 : η1‐MeNHC)][X]2 (4 a,b) or to an opening of one E−E bond leading to an unusual E4 butterfly structural motif in [(DPFN)Cu2(μ,η1 : η1‐E4DippNHC)][X]2 (E=P (5 a,b), E=As (6)). With a cyclic alkyl amino carbene (EtCAAC), cleavage of two As−As bonds was observed to give two isomers of [(DPFN)Cu2(μ,η2 : η2‐As4EtCAAC)][X]2 (7 a,b) with an unusual As4‐triangle+1 unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amélie Nicolay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Maria Haimerl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Hill MS, Mahon MF, Neale SE, Pearce KG, Schwamm RJ, McMullin C. White Phosphorus Reduction and Oligomerization by a Potassium Diamidoalumanyl. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stephen Hill
- University of Bath Chemistry Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Samuel E. Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kyle G. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ryan J. Schwamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
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31
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Till M, Cammarata J, Wolf R, Scott DJ. Photocatalytic stannylation of white phosphorus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8986-8989. [PMID: 35861572 PMCID: PMC9362875 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are highly important chemicals, finding numerous applications in both academia and industry. Herein we describe a simple photocatalytic method for the stannylation of white phosphorus (P4) using a cheap, commercially-available distannane, (Bu3Sn)2, and anthraquinone as a simple photocatalyst. Subsequent ‘one pot’ transformation of the resulting stannylated monophosphine intermediate (Bu3Sn)3P provides direct, convenient and versatile access to valuable OPCs such as acylated phosphines and tetraalkylphosphonium salts. A simple, mechanistically unique photochemical procedure is reported for the efficient, direct, catalytic stannylation of P4 and ‘one pot’ transformation into valuable monophosphorus compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Till
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jose Cammarata
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Scott
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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32
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Schoening J, Gehlhaar A, Wölper C, Schulz S. Selective [2+1+1] Fragmentation of P
4
by heteroleptic Metallasilylenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201031. [PMID: 35638137 PMCID: PMC9400957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small‐molecule activation by low‐valent main‐group element compounds is of general interest. We here report the synthesis and characterization (1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, IR, sc‐XRD) of heteroleptic metallasilylenes L1(Cl)MSiL2 (M=Al 1, Ga 2, L1=HC[C(Me)NDipp]2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; L2=PhC(NtBu)2). Their electronic nature was analyzed by quantum chemical computations, while their promising potential in small‐molecule activation was demonstrated in reactions with P4, which occurred with unprecedented [2+1+1] fragmentation of the P4 tetrahedron and formation of L1(Cl)MPSi(L2)PPSi(L2)PM(Cl)L1 (M=Al 3, Ga 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schoening
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Alexander Gehlhaar
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
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33
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Scott DJ. Recent Breakthroughs in P 4 Chemistry: Towards Practical, Direct Transformations into P 1 Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205019. [PMID: 35482300 PMCID: PMC9401861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, academic researchers have been intensively studying the chemistry of white phosphorus (P4 ) in the hope of developing direct methods for its transformation into useful P-containing products. This would bypass the hazardous, multistep procedures currently relied on by industry. However, while academically interesting P4 activation reactions have become well established, their elaboration into useful, general synthetic procedures has remained out of reach. Very recently, however, a series of independent reports has begun to change this state of affairs. Each shows how relatively simple and practical synthetic methods can be used to access academically or industrially relevant P1 compounds from P4 directly, in "one pot" or even in a catalytic fashion. These reports mark a step change in the field of P4 chemistry, and suggest its possible transition from an area of largely academic interest to one with the promise of true synthetic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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34
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unexpected White Phosphorus (P
4
) Activation Modes with Silylene‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes and Access to an Isolable 1,3‐Diphospha‐2,4‐disilabutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205358. [PMID: 35502702 PMCID: PMC9401593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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35
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Hu J, Liu W, Zhang WX. Direct functionalization of white phosphorus by organolithium reagents to organophosphorus compounds. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2008933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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36
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unexpected White Phosphorus (P
4
) Activation Modes with Silylene‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes and Access to an Isolable 1,3‐Diphospha‐2,4‐disilabutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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37
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Wolf R. A Homoleptic Diphosphatetrahedrane Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Uttendorfer
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg GERMANY
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38
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Scott DJ. Recent Breakthroughs in P4 Chemistry: Towards Practical, Direct Transformations into P1 Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scott
- University of Oxford Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA OXFORD UNITED KINGDOM
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39
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Donath M, Schwedtmann K, Schneider T, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Direct conversion of white phosphorus to versatile phosphorus transfer reagents via oxidative onioation. Nat Chem 2022; 14:384-391. [PMID: 35379968 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The main feedstock for the value-added phosphorus chemicals used in industry and research is white phosphorus (P4), from which the key intermediate for forming P(III) compounds is PCl3. Owing to its high reactivity, syntheses based on PCl3 are often accompanied by product mixtures and laborious work-up procedures, so an alternative process to form a viable P(III) transfer reagent is desirable. Our concept of oxidative onioation, where white phosphorus is selectively converted into triflate salts of versatile P1 transfer reagents such as [P(LN)3][OTf]3 (LN is a cationic, N-based substituent; that is, 4-dimethylaminopyridinio), provides a convenient alternative for the implementation of P-O, P-N and P-C bonds while circumventing the use of PCl3. We use p-block element compounds of type RnE (for example, Ph3As or PhI) to access weak adducts between nitrogen Lewis bases LN and the corresponding dications [RnELN]2+. The proposed equilibrium between [RnELN]2+ + LN and [RnE(LN)2]2+ allows for the complete oxidative onioation of all six P-P bonds in P4 to yield highly reactive and versatile trications [P(LN)3]3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Donath
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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40
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White phosphorus first. Nat Chem 2022; 14:362-364. [PMID: 35379969 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Reinfandt N, Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Roesky PW. From a nanoparticular solid-state material to molecular organo-f-element-polyarsenides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3363-3368. [PMID: 35432861 PMCID: PMC8943856 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient pathway to new molecular organo-lanthanide-polyarsenides in general and to a f-element complex with the largest polyarsenide ligand in detail is reported. For this purpose, the activation of the solid state material As0 nano (nanoscale gray arsenic) by the multi electron reducing agents [K(18-crown-6)][(Ln+II)2(μ-η6:η6-C6H6)] (Ln = La, Ce, Cp'' = 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl anion) and [K(18-crown-6)]2[(Ln+II)2(μ-η6:η6-C6H6)] (Ln = Ce, Nd) is shown. These non-classical divalent lanthanide compounds were used as three and four electron reducing agents where the product formation can be directed by variation of the applied reactant. The obtained Zintl anions As3 3-, As7 3-, and As14 4- were previously not accessible in molecular 4f-element chemistry. Additionally, the corresponding compounds with As14 4--moieties represent the largest organo-lanthanide-polyarsenides known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reinfandt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Basappa S, Bhawar R, Nagaraju DH, Bose SK. Recent advances in the chemistry of the phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3778-3806. [PMID: 35108724 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the reactivity of 2-phosphaethynolate (OCP-), a heavier analogue of the cyanate anion, has been the subject of momentous interest in the field of modern organometallic chemistry. It is used as a precursor to novel phosphorus-containing heterocycles and as a ligand in decarbonylative processes, serving as a synthetic equivalent of a phosphinidene derivative. This perspective aims to describe advances in the reactivities of phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions (OCE-; E = P, As) with main-group element, transition metal, and f-block metal scaffolds. Further, the unique structures and bonding properties are discussed based on spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Basappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - Ramesh Bhawar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
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Heinl V, Balázs G, Seidl M, Scheer M. Synthesis of polyantimony ligand complexes starting from Cp* 4Sb 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2484-2487. [PMID: 35083995 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of Cp*4Sb4 (1) towards ionic compounds and transition metal complexes with labile ligands was investigated in order to synthesize polyantimony ligand complexes. The silver salts [Ag][X] and the metalate Na[Cp*Mo(CO)3] were primarily used, leading in the raction with Cp*4Sb4 to the formation of [Cp*2Sb][X] (X = TEF (2a), FAL (2b)), [(Cp*Mo(CO)3)3(μ3-Sb3)] (3) and [Cp*Mo(CO)2(η3-Sb3)] (4), respectively. The reaction of 1 with the transition metal complexes [(Cp'''M)2(tol)] leads to a degradation of the original Sb4 unit and to the formation of [(Cp'''M)4(μ3-Sb)4] (M = Ni (5); Co (6)). Towards [CpRFe(CO)2]2, substitutions on the antimony atoms were observed to give [{CpRFe(CO)2}4(μ4-Sb4)] (CpR = Cp'' (7a), Cp''' (7b)). All complexes were characterized by XRD and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Heinl
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Mei Y, Yan Z, Liu LL. Facile Synthesis of the Dicyanophosphide Anion via Electrochemical Activation of White Phosphorus: An Avenue to Organophosphorus Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1517-1522. [PMID: 35041429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have gained tremendous interest in the past decades due to their wide applications ranging from synthetic chemistry to materials and biological sciences. We describe herein a practical and versatile approach for the transformation of white phosphorus (P4) into useful OPCs with high P atom economy via a key bridging anion [P(CN)2]-. This anion can be prepared on a gram scale directly from P4 through an electrochemical process. A variety of OPCs involving phosphinidenes, cyclophosphanes, and phospholides have been made readily accessible from P4 in a two-step manner. Our approach has a significant impact on the future preparation of OPCs in laboratory and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Lu W, Jayaraman A, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Härterich M, Dietz M, Hagspiel S, Krummenacher I, Hammond K, Cui J, Braunschweig H. Ein unsymmetrisches, cyclisches Diboren basierend auf einem chelatisierenden CAAC‐Liganden sowie dessen Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle und Umlagerungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- School of Physical Sciences Ingram Building University of Kent Park Wood Road Canterbury CT2 7NH United Kingdom
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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Krauss H, Balázs G, Seidl M, Scheer M. The influence of differently substituted cyclopentadienyl CpR ligands on the reactivity of [CpRFe(CO)2]2 with yellow arsenic. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Yan Q. Solution phase synthesis of the less-known Form II crystalline red phosphorus. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Form II crystalline red phosphorus was grown by solvothermal reactions. XRD patterns match well with Roth’s results in 1947. Polyphosphide anions captured during phosphorus phase transformation support the “dissolution–crystallization” mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Fung CM, Er CC, Tan LL, Mohamed AR, Chai SP. Red Phosphorus: An Up-and-Coming Photocatalyst on the Horizon for Sustainable Energy Development and Environmental Remediation. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3879-3965. [PMID: 34968051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a perennial solution that promises to resolve deep-rooted challenges related to environmental pollution and energy deficit through harvesting the inexhaustible and renewable solar energy. To date, a cornucopia of photocatalytic materials has been investigated with the research wave presently steered by the development of novel, affordable, and effective metal-free semiconductors with fascinating physicochemical and semiconducting characteristics. Coincidentally, the recently emerged red phosphorus (RP) semiconductor finds itself fitting perfectly into this category ascribed to its earth abundant, low-cost, and metal-free nature. More notably, the renowned red allotrope of the phosphorus family is spectacularly bestowed with strengthened optical absorption features, propitious electronic band configuration, and ease of functionalization and modification as well as high stability. Comprehensively detailing RP's roles and implications in photocatalysis, this review article will first include information on different RP allotropes and their chemical structures, followed by the meticulous scrutiny of their physicochemical and semiconducting properties such as electronic band structure, optical absorption features, and charge carrier dynamics. Besides that, state-of-the-art synthesis strategies for developing various RP allotropes and RP-based photocatalytic systems will also be outlined. In addition, modification or functionalization of RP with other semiconductors for promoting effective photocatalytic applications will be discussed to assess its versatility and feasibility as a high-performing photocatalytic system. Lastly, the challenges facing RP photocatalysts and future research directions will be included to propel the feasible development of RP-based systems with considerably augmented photocatalytic efficiency. This review article aspires to facilitate the rational development of multifunctional RP-based photocatalytic systems by widening the cognizance of rational engineering as well as to fine-tune the electronic, optical, and charge carrier properties of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-May Fung
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Chen Er
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Roy MMD, Heilmann A, Ellwanger MA, Aldridge S. Generation of a π-Bonded Isomer of [P 4 ] 4- by Aluminyl Reduction of White Phosphorus and its Ammonolysis to PH 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26550-26554. [PMID: 34677901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
By employing the highly reducing aluminyl complex [K{(NON)Al}]2 (NON=4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene), we demonstrate the controlled formation of P4 2- and P4 4- complexes from white phosphorus, and chemically reversible inter-conversion between them. The tetra-anion features a unique planar π-bonded structure, with the incorporation of the K+ cations implicit in the use of the anionic nucleophile offering additional stabilization of the unsaturated isomer of the P4 4- fragment. This complex is extremely reactive, acting as a source of P3- : exposure to ammonia leads to the release of phosphine (PH3 ) under mild conditions (room temperature and pressure), which contrast with those necessitated for the direct combination of P4 and NH3 (>5 kbar and >250 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Mathias A Ellwanger
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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