1
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Lu S, Hu Z, Wang D, Xu T. Halogen-Atom Transfer Enabled Catalytic Enantioselective Coupling to Chiral Trifluoromethylated Alkynes via Dual Nickel and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406064. [PMID: 38619363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
With halogen-atom transfer as an effective tool, a novel catalytic enantioselective protocol to generate chiral trifluoromethylated alkynes has been established by a cooperative photoredox and nickel catalysis system, providing a straightforward and modular route to access this type of product in good yields and enantioselectivities. The halogen-atom transfer process is essential for the reaction and this novel strategy offers another promising way to utilize alkyl halides with highly negative reduction potentials. It firstly expands nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-couplings of organohalides from the traditional single-electron transfer to halogen-atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanya Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Zihao Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
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2
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Bhattacharyya A, Vadde V, Sarmah MP, Muthukumar M, Mathur A, Tester R. Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed S-Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Thiols. Org Lett 2024; 26:5370-5374. [PMID: 38888594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated trifluoromethylation protocol was developed for the conversion of (hetero)aromatic thiols to their respective S-trifluoromethylated derivatives employing trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (CF3SO2Cl) as a cost-effective source of trifluoromethyl radical (CF3·) and a highly reducing organophotocatalyst, 3DPA2FBN. The developed methodology is operationally simple, providing access to a diverse range of products in up to 92% yield. A plausible mechanism has been postulated based on preliminary mechanistic studies, including irradiation on/off, UV-vis studies, and radical trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Veeresh Vadde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Manash Pratim Sarmah
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - M Muthukumar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richland Tester
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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3
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He C, Zhou G, Yang G, Wang F, Lu C, Nie J, Ma C. Borane-Catalyzed Coupling of Diazooxindoles and Difluoroenoxysilanes to Tetrasubstituted Monofluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38913774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective coupling reaction of diazooxindoles with difluoroenoxysilanes catalyzed by Lewis acidic boranes has been developed. The reaction proceeded at ambient temperature under transition metal-free conditions with wide functional group tolerance. By using this simple procedure, a series of tetrasubstituted monofluoroalkenes can be accessed in good yield with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhu He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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4
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Han S, Liang M, Ju W, Wang J, Xu X, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Meta-Selective Trifluoroisopropylation of Arenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8601-8609. [PMID: 38835151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the mild and efficient Ru-catalyzed trifluoroisopropylation of arenes using 2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropane. Various bioactive molecules, such as purine and nucleoside derivatives, were well-suited for this transformation, affording the corresponding products in moderate-to-good yields. This method provides an efficient strategy for synthesizing trifluoroisopropyl molecules for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China
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5
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Wang Y, Liu S, Huang Y. Photoredox/copper-catalyzed gem-difluoroalkylation-cyanation of 1,3-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4895-4900. [PMID: 38826121 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox/copper-catalyzed 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes with readily available difluoroalkylating reagents and TMSCN was developed. This reaction proceeded at mild conditions, affording the corresponding difluoroalkylated allenes in good yields with high functional-group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Yangen Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China.
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6
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Chen D, Huang L, Liang M, Chen X, Cao D, Xiao P, Ni C, Hu J. 1,6-Nucleophilic Di- and Trifluoromethylation of para-Quinone Methides with Me 3SiCF 2H/Me 3SiCF 3 Facilitated by CsF/18-Crown-6. Molecules 2024; 29:2905. [PMID: 38930971 PMCID: PMC11206660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct 1,6-nucleophilic difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and difluoroalkylation of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with Me3SiRf (Rf = CF2H, CF3, CF2CF3, CF2COOEt, and CF2SPh) under mild conditions are described. Although Me3SiCF2H shows lower reactivity than Me3SiCF3, it can react with p-QMs promoted by CsF/18-Crown-6 to give structurally diverse difluoromethyl products in good yields. The products can then be further converted into fluoroalkylated para-quinone methides and α-fluoroalkylated diarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingben Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Pan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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7
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Luo W, Zhang C, Dong L. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Annulation Synthesis of Difluorinated Quinazolinone Derivatives Using an Amide Carbonyl as the Directing Group. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38888955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of amide carbonyl groups of substrates as weakly coordinating directing groups has received a significant amount of attention. Recently, difluoromethylene alkynes have been successfully used in fluorination reactions, resulting in the preparation of various fluorine-containing compounds. This work describes a [4+2] annulation method for creating a range of fluorinated quinolino[2,1-b]quinazolinone derivatives. The derivatives are formed through Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade cyclization of 3-phenylquinazolinones and gem-difluoromethylene alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Abbas AA, Farghaly TA, Dawood KM. Recent advances on anticancer and antimicrobial activities of directly-fluorinated five-membered heterocycles and their benzo-fused systems. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19752-19779. [PMID: 38899036 PMCID: PMC11185950 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the importance of the fluorinated heterocycles as main components of marketed drugs where 20% of the anticancer and antibiotic drugs contain fluorine atoms, this review describes the reported five-membered heterocycles and their benzo-fused systems having directly connected fluorine atom(s). The in vivo and in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial activities of these fluorinated heterocycles are well reported. Some fluorinated heterocycles were found to be lead structures for drug design developments where their activities were almost equal to or exceeded the potency of the reference drugs. In most cases, the fluorine-containing heterocycles showed promising safety index via their reduced cytotoxicity in non-cancerous cell lines. SAR study assigned that fluorinated heterocycles having various electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents significantly affected the anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556
| | - Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +202 35727556
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9
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Milunovic MM, Ohui K, Besleaga I, Petrasheuskaya TV, Dömötör O, Enyedy ÉA, Darvasiova D, Rapta P, Barbieriková Z, Vegh D, Tóth S, Tóth J, Kucsma N, Szakács G, Popović-Bijelić A, Zafar A, Reynisson J, Shutalev AD, Bai R, Hamel E, Arion VB. Copper(II) Complexes with Isomeric Morpholine-Substituted 2-Formylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Drugs Inhibiting Both Ribonucleotide Reductase and Tubulin Polymerization: The Morpholine Position Matters. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9069-9090. [PMID: 38771959 PMCID: PMC11181322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer agents, possessing dual functionality as inhibitors of R2 ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and tubulin polymerization by binding at the colchicine site, presents a promising avenue for enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we describe the syntheses and physicochemical characterization of four isomeric proligands H2L3-H2L6, with the methylmorpholine substituent at pertinent positions of the pyridine ring, along with their corresponding Cu(II) complexes 3-6. Evidently, the position of the morpholine moiety and the copper(II) complex formation have marked effects on the in vitro antiproliferative activity in human uterine sarcoma MES-SA cells and the multidrug-resistant derivative MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Activity correlated strongly with quenching of the tyrosyl radical (Y•) of mouse R2 RNR protein, inhibition of RNR activity in the cancer cells, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative activity, supported by experimental results and molecular modeling calculations, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Ohui
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Iuliana Besleaga
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Tatsiana V. Petrasheuskaya
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Denisa Darvasiova
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Vegh
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Judit Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Center
for Cancer Research, Medical University
of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United
Kingdom
| | - Anatoly D. Shutalev
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
- Inorganic
Polymers Department, “Petru Poni”
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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10
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Chen Z, Song G, Qi L, Gunasekar R, Aïssa C, Robertson C, Steiner A, Xue D, Xiao J. Reductive Transamination of Pyridinium Salts to N-Aryl Piperidines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38872240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Saturated N-heterocycles are found in numerous bioactive natural products and are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. While there are many methods for their synthesis, each has its limitations, such as scope and functional group tolerance. Herein, we describe a rhodium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of pyridinium salts to access N-(hetero)aryl piperidines. The reaction proceeds via a reductive transamination process, involving the initial formation of a dihydropyridine intermediate via reduction of the pyridinium ion with HCOOH, which is intercepted by water and then hydrolyzed. Subsequent reductive amination with an exogenous (hetero)aryl amine affords an N-(hetero)aryl piperidine. This reductive transamination method thus allows for access of N-(hetero)aryl piperidines from readily available pyridine derivatives, expanding the toolbox of dearomatization and skeletal editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Geyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Leiming Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | | | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Craig Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
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11
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Mizuta S, Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T. Nucleophilic fluorine substitution reaction of α-carbonyl benzyl bromide, phenylthiofluoroalkyl bromide, and 2-bromo-2-phenoxyacetonitrile. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19062-19066. [PMID: 38873540 PMCID: PMC11172408 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We herein describe a new method for nucleophilic fluorine substitution of alkylbromides using Et3N·3HF. The process is characterized by a broad substrate scope, good functional-group compatibility, and mild conditions and provides a variety of alkylfluorides including tertiary alkylfluorides that are versatile and structurally attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
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12
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Li Z, Fan L, Liu G. Recent advances in stereoselective construction of fluorinated quaternary carbon centers from fluorinated compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4592-4612. [PMID: 38771632 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00457d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
There are many fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Organic chemists are interested in the stereoselective synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units. Constructing a fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenter can be achieved directly and efficiently by the asymmetric catalytic reaction of fluorinated compounds as substrates. This approach aims to construct fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenters while diversifying the types of fluorinated compounds. This review introduces a series of reactions for synthesizing fluorinated quaternary carbon chiral centers through asymmetric organic catalysis and transition metal catalysis, including alkylation, arylation, Mannich, Michael addition, and allylation reactions. This work will contribute to the development of the synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon chiral center-containing compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
| | - Lin Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
| | - Guodu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
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13
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Zhao X, Zhong B, Dong L, Zhang YS, Luo HT, Yang JD, Cheng JP. Hydroxylamine-Mediated C(sp 2)-H Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400995. [PMID: 38600034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction of the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group into organic compounds has garnered substantial interest because of its significant role in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Here, we report a hydroxylamine-mediated radical process for C(sp2)-H trifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes. The reaction shows good reactivity, impressive E/Z selectivity (up to >20 : 1), and broad functional group compatibility. Expansion of this approach to perfluoroalkylation and late-stage trifluoromethylation of bioactive molecules demonstrates its promising application potential. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction follows a radical addition and subsequent elimination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Likun Dong
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hai-Tian Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin-Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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14
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Uchikura T, Akutsu F, Tani H, Akiyama T. Photoreduction of Trifluoromethyl Group: Lithium Ion Assisted Fluoride-Coupled Electron Transfer from EDA Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400658. [PMID: 38600038 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced single-electron reduction is an efficient method for the mono-selective activation of the C-F bond on a trifluoromethyl group to construct a difluoroalkyl group. We have developed an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex mediated single-electron transfer (EDA-SET) of α,α,α-trifluoromethyl arenes in the presence of lithium salt to give α,α-difluoroalkylarenes. The C-F bond reduction was realized by lithium iodide and triethylamine, two common feedstock reagents. Mechanistic studies revealed the generation of a α,α-difluoromethyl radical by single-electron reduction and defluorination, followed by the radical addition to alkenes. Lithium salt interacted with the fluorine atom to promote the photoinduced reduction mediated by the EDA complex. Computational studies indicated that the lithium-assisted defluorination and the single-electron reduction occurred concertedly. We call this phenomenon fluoride-coupled electron transfer (FCET). FCET is a novel approach to C-F bond activation for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fua Akutsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Peruzzi C, Miller SL, Dannatt JE, Ghaffari B, Maleczka RE, Smith MR. A Hydrazone Ligand for Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylation: Enhanced Reactivity and Selectivity for Fluorinated Arenes. Organometallics 2024; 43:1208-1212. [PMID: 38873573 PMCID: PMC11167643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Ir-catalyzed C-H borylations of fluorinated and cyanated arenes with high meta-to-F/CN are described. Use of a dipyridyl hydrazone framework as the ancillary ligand and pinacolborane (HBpin) as the functionalizing reagent generates catalysts that are significantly more active and selective than 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dtbpy) for both electron-deficient and electron-rich substrates. Investigation of the ligand framework resulted in the observation of formal N-borylation of the hydrazone by HBpin, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Subsequent stoichiometric reactions of this adduct with an iridium precatalyst revealed the formation of an unusual IrI hydrazido. Isolation and use of this hydrazido reproduce the selectivity of in situ generated catalysts, suggesting that it leads to formation of the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
D. Peruzzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Susanne L. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Dannatt
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Dallas, 1845 East Northgate Drive, Irving, Texas 75062, United States
| | - Behnaz Ghaffari
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert E. Maleczka
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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16
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Jesani MH, Schwarz M, Kim S, Evans FL, White A, Browning A, Abrams R, Clayden J. Selective Defluorination of Trifluoromethyl Substituents by Conformationally Induced Remote Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403477. [PMID: 38587304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The selective reduction of an aromatic trifluoromethyl substituent to a difluoromethyl substituent may be achieved by base-promoted elimination to form a difluoro-p-quinomethide which is trapped by an intramolecular nucleophile. High yields are obtained when the nucleophilic trap entails the conformationally favoured cyclisation of an aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) derivative. The resulting cyclised difluoromethyl-substituted arylimidazolidinone products are readily converted to versatile difluoromethyl-substituted aldehydes by reduction and hydrolysis. Defluorination is successful on a range of benzenoid (both para and ortho CF3-substituted) and heterocyclic substrates. Double defluorination may likewise be achieved sequentially, or in a single step, from an Aib dipeptide derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul H Jesani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Maria Schwarz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Shiwhu Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Finlay L Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alexander White
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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17
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Kojima Y, Nishii Y, Hirano K. Asymmetric Synthesis of SCF 3-Substituted Alkylboronates by Copper-Catalyzed Hydroboration of 1-Trifluoromethylthioalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403337. [PMID: 38472112 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic method for preparation of optically active trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) compounds by a copper-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroboration of 1-trifluoromethylthioalkenes with H-Bpin has been developed. The enantioselective hydrocupration of an in situ generated CuH species and subsequent boration reaction generate a chiral SCF3-containing alkylboronate, of which Bpin moiety can be further transformed to deliver various optically active SCF3 molecules. Computational studies suggest that the SCF3 group successfully controls the regioselectivity in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Anosike IS, Beng TK. Harnessing the 1,3-azadiene-anhydride reaction for the regioselective and stereocontrolled synthesis of lactam-fused bromotetrahydropyrans by bromoetherification of lactam-tethered trisubstituted tertiary alkenols. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18501-18507. [PMID: 38860240 PMCID: PMC11163878 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Halo-cycloetherification of lactam-tethered alkenols enables the construction of oxygen-heterocycles that are fused to nitrogen heterocycles via intramolecular halonium-induced nucleophilic addition. Specifically, tetrahydropyrans (THPs) that are fused to a nitrogen heterocycle constitute the core of several bioactive molecules, including tachykinin receptor antagonists and alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists. Although the literature is replete with successful examples of the halo-cycloetherification of simple mono- or disubstituted primary alkenols, methods for the modular, efficient, regioselective, and stereocontrolled intramolecular haloetherification of sterically encumbered trisubstituted tertiary alkenols are rare. Here, we describe a simple intramolecular bromoetherification strategy that meets these benchmarks and proceeds with exclusive 6-endo regioselectivity. The transformation employs mild and water-tolerant conditions, which bodes well for late-stage diversification. The hindered ethers contain four contiguous stereocenters as well as one halogen-bearing tetrasubstituted stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa S Anosike
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 98926 USA
| | - Timothy K Beng
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 98926 USA
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19
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Hu J, Yang C, Qin X, Liu H, Ma T, Shi AT, Lv QL, Liu X, Yang J, Li D. Catalyst- and base-free visible light-enabled radical relay trihalomethylation/functional group-migration/carbonylation with CX 3SO 2Cl. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4488-4493. [PMID: 38623736 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible light-enabled radical trihalomethylation/cyano-migration/carbonylation cascade reaction of 2-hydroxy-2-hex-5-enenitrile with CX3SO2Cl as the CX3-source (X = F, Cl) to obtain 5-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trihaloethyl)pentanenitrile compounds in the absence of a photocatalyst, transition metal and base. This reaction system is also effective to convert (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-pent-4-enol to the corresponding 4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6,6,6-trihalo-hexanone products. These reactions occur under mild conditions, tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and provide alternative approaches for the 1,2-bifunctionalization reaction of unactivated olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Chenglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Xiaotao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Tongtong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Ao-Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Qing-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Xingman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
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20
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Liu S, Yang Y, Song Q, Liu Z, Lu Y, Wang Z, Sivaguru P, Bi X. Tunable molecular editing of indoles with fluoroalkyl carbenes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:988-997. [PMID: 38443494 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Building molecular complexity from simple feedstocks through precise peripheral and skeletal modifications is central to modern organic synthesis. Nevertheless, a controllable strategy through which both the core skeleton and the periphery of an aromatic heterocycle can be modified with a common substrate remains elusive, despite its potential to maximize structural diversity and applications. Here we report a carbene-initiated chemodivergent molecular editing of indoles that allows both skeletal and peripheral editing by trapping an electrophilic fluoroalkyl carbene generated in situ from fluoroalkyl N-triftosylhydrazones. A variety of fluorine-containing N-heterocyclic scaffolds have been efficiently achieved through tunable chemoselective editing reactions at the skeleton or periphery of indoles, including one-carbon insertion, C3 gem-difluoroolefination, tandem cyclopropanation and N1 gem-difluoroolefination, and cyclopropanation. The power of this chemodivergent molecular editing strategy has been highlighted through the modification of the skeleton or periphery of natural products in a controllable and chemoselective manner. The reaction mechanism and origins of the chemo- and regioselectivity have been probed by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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21
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Bai X, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhao C, Du H, Li Y, Shen C, Zhang M, Chen L. Chemoselective Synthesis of α-Halo- α,α-difluoromethyl Ketones from Trimethyl(phenylethynyl)silane. Org Lett 2024; 26:4508-4513. [PMID: 38770840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel strategy for chemoselective synthesis of α-halo-α,α-difluoromethyl ketones (-COCF3 and -COClCF2 motifs) from trimethyl(phenylethynyl)silane under catalyst-free and mild conditions. Commercially available Selectfluor or additional NaCl as halogen reagent was employed to complete this transformation, thereby demonstrating the potential synthetic value of this new reaction in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Bai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yuye Bai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Rd-381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
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22
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Zhang F, Zhang G, Zhou Q, Bian T, Zhou L, Zhang Z. Hybrid Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboamination of Conjugated Dienes: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidines via Selective Trifluoromethylarene Defluorination. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38808763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of difluoromethylene groups into aza-heterocycles represents a compelling yet underexplored avenue in contemporary chemical research. In this study, we unveil a hybrid palladium-catalyzed intramolecular gem-difluoroalkylamination of conjugated dienes, providing a versatile approach to the synthesis of diverse functionalized pyrrolidines. Noteworthy features include mild reaction conditions and a remarkable tolerance toward various functional groups. Additionally, the use of alkyl iodides as electrophiles facilitates the generation of the corresponding alkylamination products. Control experiments support a proposed hybrid palladium-catalyzed radical-polar crossover pathway, offering insights into the underlying chemical processes governing this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Guocong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qixin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Tiancen Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2217, United States
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2217, United States
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23
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Huang ZM, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang XW. Unveiling the Selectivity of Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Activation for Defluorinative Cyclization of 2-Arylbenzimidazole and Trifluoromethyl Diazo: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38805363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated heterocyclic compounds by C-H activation combined with defluorination is useful. Studies on the reaction mechanism and selectivity have shown that these processes play a positive role in promoting the development of monofluorinated reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism and selectivity of Ru(II)-catalyzed 2-arylbenzimidazole with trifluoromethyl diazo. DFT calculations showed that C-H activation occurs through a concerted metalation/deprotonation (CMD) mechanism. After that, deprotonation and defluorinative cyclization are assisted by acetate and trifluoroethanol (TFE). Further mechanistic insights through noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis were also obtained to elucidate the origin of the selectivity in the defluorination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ming Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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24
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Yao H, Ren Y, Wu F, Liu J, Cao L, Yan M, Li X. The synthesis and evaluation of novel ALK inhibitors containing the sulfoxide structure. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17557-17570. [PMID: 38828277 PMCID: PMC11140455 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With ceritinib as the lead, a series of novel compounds containing the sulfoxide structure were synthesized and evaluated as anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors. Among them, compounds 18a-d exhibited excellent anti-proliferation activities on H2228 EML4-ALK cancer cell lines with 14-28 nM of the IC50 values. In xenograft mouse models, 18a-d inhibited tumor growth with an excellent inhibitory rate of 75.0% to 86.0% at the dosage of 20 mg kg-1 as compared to 72.0% of the reference ceritinib. Using 18d as a representative, which exhibited the best in vivo results, we carried out mechanistic studies such as anti-colony formation, induced tumor cell apoptosis, ALK kinase protein phosphorylation in H2228 tumor cells, and molecular docking. All these results indicate that compound 18d is a good anti-tumor lead compound and worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jiadai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Longcai Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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25
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Deckers C, Rehm TH. In situ Diazonium Salt Formation and Photochemical Aryl-Aryl Coupling in Continuous Flow Monitored by Inline NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303692. [PMID: 38462439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of diazonium salts is introduced for the photochemical aryl-aryl coupling to produce (substituted) biphenyls. As common diazonium tetrafluoroborate salts fail, soluble and safe aryl diazonium trifluoroacetates are applied. In this mild synthesis route no catalysts are required to generate an aryl-radical by irradiation with UV-A light (365 nm). This reactive species undergoes direct C-H arylation at an arene, forming the product in reasonable reaction times. With the implementation of a continuous flow setup in a capillary photoreactor 13 different biphenyl derivatives are successfully synthesized. By integrating an inline 19F-NMR benchtop spectrometer, samples are reliably quantified as the fluorine-substituents act as a probe. Here, real-time NMR spectroscopy is a perfect tool to monitor the continuously operated system, which produces fine chemicals of industrial relevance even in a multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Deckers
- Division Chemistry, Sustainable Chemical Syntheses Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas H Rehm
- Division Chemistry, Sustainable Chemical Syntheses Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Yang H, Zeng Y, Song X, Che L, Jiang ZT, Lu G, Xia Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Allylation of Indoles with gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403602. [PMID: 38515395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) as fluoroallyl surrogates under transition-metal catalysis has drawn considerable attention recently but such reactions are restricted to producing achiral or racemic mono-fluoroalkenes. Herein, we report the first enantioselective allylation of indoles under rhodium catalysis with gem-DFCPs. This reaction shows exceptional branched regioselectivity towards rhodium catalysis with gem-DFCPs, which provides an efficient route to enantioenriched fluoroallylated indoles with wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Che
- Linyi University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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27
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Chen Z, Chen S, Qiu Z, Lin B, Yao Y, Yang F, Weng Z. Synthesis of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1- a]isoquinoline via Cycloaddition of C, N-Cyclic Azomethine Imine with CF 3CN. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7163-7168. [PMID: 38721654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A [3 + 2] cycloaddition of C,N-cyclic azomethine imine with in situ-generated CF3CN for the construction of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline is reported. Remarkably, this process shows a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group tolerance, which is scalable and enables a practical route to a library of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezuo Chen
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shouxiong Chen
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhanyan Qiu
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yunfei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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28
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Yang M, Meng YX, Mehfooz H, Zhao YL. Visible light-promoted [3+2] cyclization reaction of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5407-5410. [PMID: 38683050 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced [3+2] cyclization of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed for the first time. In this transformation, perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides are firstly employed as a carbon radical precursor under visible light irradiation, providing a new and efficient method for the construction of perfluoroalkyl-substituted 1-pyrrolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haroon Mehfooz
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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29
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Xu P, Wang Z, Guo SM, Studer A. Introduction of the difluoromethyl group at the meta- or para-position of pyridines through regioselectivity switch. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4121. [PMID: 38750008 PMCID: PMC11096164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Difluoromethyl pyridines have gained significant attention in medicinal and agricultural chemistry. The direct C-H-difluoromethylation of pyridines represents a highly efficient economic way to access these azines. However, the direct meta-difluoromethylation of pyridines has remained elusive and methods for site-switchable regioselective meta- and para-difluoromethylation are unknown. Here, we demonstrate the meta-C-H-difluoromethylation of pyridines through a radical process by using oxazino pyridine intermediates, which are easily accessed from pyridines. The selectivity can be readily switched to para by in situ transformation of the oxazino pyridines to pyridinium salts upon acid treatment. The preparation of various meta- and para-difluoromethylated pyridines through this approach is presented. The mild conditions used also allow for the late-stage meta- or para-difluoromethylation of pyridine containing drugs. Sequential double functionalization of pyridines is presented, which further underlines the value of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhe Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shu-Min Guo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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30
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Zhang H, Ye Z, Tang J, Wu Y, Zhang X, Ma W, Zhan Z, Zhang F. Electrochemical Reductive Cross-Coupling of Alkyl or Alkenyl Halides with gem-Difluoroalkenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38743653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an electroreductive cross-electrophile coupling protocol for the construction of valuable monofluoroalkenes from easily accessible alkyl or alkenyl halides with gem-difluoroalkenes. The reaction can be conducted under sustainable and mild conditions delivering valuable and functionalized monofluoroalkenes with excellent Z-selectivity. The protocol's most notable advantage is the in situ release of nickel catalyst from the inexpensive electrodes without the addition of extra hazardous metal catalyst and superstoichiometric reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 311399, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiyuan Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 311399, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 311399, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 311399, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhajun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 311399, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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31
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Liu S, Luo Z, Zhao S, Luo M, Zeng X. Cr-catalyzed borylation of C(aryl)-F bonds using a terpyridine ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5201-5204. [PMID: 38651837 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The defluoroborylation of fluoroarenes by chromium-catalyzed cleavage of unactivated C-F bonds is described. The reaction uses HBpin as the boron source, low-cost and commercially available chromium salt as the precatalyst, and terpyridine as a crucial ligand, providing a protocol with atom-efficient benefits and a wide range of applicable substrates for the functionalization of aryl C-F bonds. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that an unprecedented Cr-catalyzed magnesiation of the unactivated C-F bond occurred. The generated arylmagnesium intermediates then participated in the subsequent borylation reaction. The application of the strategy in the preparation of valuable derivatives is demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of boronate ester groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shuaiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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32
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Lin Z, Yu Y, Liu R, Zi W. Design, Preparation, and Implementation of Axially Chiral Benzotetramisoles as Lewis Base Catalysts for Asymmetric Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401181. [PMID: 38725281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel catalysts with potent activity is of great importance in organocatalysis. In this study, we designed and prepared a new class of benzotetramisole Lewis base catalysts (AxBTM) that have both central and axial chirality. This unique feature of these catalysts results in a three-dimensional microenvironment with multi-layers of chirality. The performance of the developed catalysts was tested in a series of cycloaddition reactions. These included the AxBTM-catalyzed (2+2) cycloaddition between α-fluoro-α-aryl anhydride with imines or oxindoles, and the sequential gold/AxBTM-catalyzed (4+2) cycloaddition of enynamides with pentafluorophenyl esters. The interplay between axial and central chirality had a collaborative effect in regulating the stereochemistry in these cycloadditions, leading to high levels of stereoselectivity that would otherwise be challenging to achieve using conventional BTM catalysts. However, the (2+2) and (4+2) cycloadditions have different predilections for axial and central chirality combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Lin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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33
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Beato A, Haudecoeur R, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M. Expanding Chemical Frontiers: Approaches for Generating Diverse and Bioactive Natural Product-Like Compounds Libraries from Extracts. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304166. [PMID: 38372433 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The realms of natural products and synthetic compounds exhibit distinct chemical spaces that not only differ but also complement each other. While the convergence of these two domains has been explored through semisynthesis and conventional pharmacomodulation endeavours applied to natural frameworks, a recent and innovative approach has emerged that involves the combinatorial generation of libraries of 'natural product-like compounds' (NPLCs) through the direct synthetic derivatization of natural extracts. This has led to the production of numerous NPLCs that incorporate structural elements from both their natural (multiple saturated rings, oxygen content, chiral centres) and synthetic (aromatic rings, nitrogen and halogen content, drug-like properties) precursors. Through careful selection of extracts and reagents, specific bioactivities have been achieved, and this strategy has been deployed in various ways, showing great promise without reaching its full potential to date. This review seeks to provide an overview of reported examples involving the chemical engineering of extracts, showcasing a spectrum of natural product alterations spanning from simple substitutions to complete scaffold remodelling. It also includes an analysis of the accomplishments, perspectives and technical challenges within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Beato
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Haudecoeur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Boucherle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pôle Chimie BP 53, 38000, Grenoble, France
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34
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Vincent É, Brioche J. Silver-Catalyzed Carbofluorination of Olefins and α-Fluoroolefins with Carbamoyl Radicals. Chemistry 2024:e202401419. [PMID: 38712694 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of carbamoyl radicals, generated in situ from sodium oxamate salts, has been investigated in the context of radical carbofluorination reactions of olefins and α-fluoroolefins, respectively. Both transformations are catalyzed by silver salts and required the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and SelectfluorTM as a radicophilic fluorine source. The reported methods provide a direct access to β-fluoroamides and β,β-difluoroamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Vincent
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Julien Brioche
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
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35
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Niu ZX, Hu J, Sun JF, Wang YT. Fluorine in the pharmaceutical industry: Synthetic approaches and application of clinically approved fluorine-enriched anti-infectious medications. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116446. [PMID: 38678824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The strategic integration of fluorine atoms into anti-infectious agents has become a cornerstone in the field of medicinal chemistry, owing to the unique influence of fluorine on the chemical and biological properties of pharmaceuticals. This review examines the synthetic methodologies that enable the incorporation of fluorine into anti-infectious drugs, and the resultant clinical applications of these fluorine-enriched compounds. With a focus on clinically approved medications, the discussion extends to the molecular mechanisms. It further outlines the specific effects of fluorination, which contribute to the heightened efficacy of anti-infective therapies. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of current drugs and their developmental pathways, this review underscores the continuing evolution and significance of fluorine in advancing anti-infectious treatment options. The insights offered extend valuable guidance for future drug design and the development of next-generation anti-infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xi Niu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin,133002, China.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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Lu XY, Huang R, Wang ZZ, Zhang X, Jiang F, Yang GX, Shui FY, Su MX, Sun YX, Sun HL. Photoinduced Decarboxylative Difluoroalkylation and Perfluoroalkylation of α-Fluoroacrylic Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6494-6505. [PMID: 38634729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a novel and practical methodology for the photoinduced decarboxylative difluoroalkylation and perfluoroalkylation of α-fluoroacrylic acids is reported. A wide range of α-fluoroacrylic acids can be used as applicable feedstocks, allowing for rapid access to structurally important difluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated monofluoroalkenes with high Z-stereoselectivity under mild conditions. The protocol demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility and provides a platform for modifying complex biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Gui-Xian Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Fu-Yi Shui
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Meng-Xue Su
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Yan-Xi Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, Chu Zhou 239000, China
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37
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Zhang L, Hong C, Tang J, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbohalogenation of Olefins with Alkynyl Oxime Ethers: Rapid Access to Chlorine-Containing Isoxazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6615-6625. [PMID: 38652857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carbohalogenation of olefins with alkynyl oxime ethers has been described, which provides efficient and practical access to various chlorine-containing isoxazoles. This method exhibits excellent regioselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a stabilized π-benzyl palladium intermediate, which is essential for the formation of C(sp3)-Cl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Junlong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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38
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Wu X, Song X, Xia Y. High-Valent Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Fluoroarylation of Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401243. [PMID: 38460153 PMCID: PMC11095216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM) catalyzed reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) has drawn much attention recently. The reaction generally occurs via the activation of the distal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs by a low-valent TM through oxidative addition, eventually producing mono-fluoro olefins as the coupling products. However, achieving regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs that overcomes the intrinsic reactivity via TM catalysis remains elusive. Here, a new reaction mode of gem-DFCPs enabled by high-valent copper catalysis, which allows exclusive activation of the congested proximal C─C bond is presented. The reaction that achieves fluoroarylation of gem-DFCPs uses NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) as electrophilic fluoro reagent and arenes as the C─H nucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of diverse CF3-containing scaffolds. It is proposed that a high-valent copper species plays an important role in the regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond possibly via a σ-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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39
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Ortalli S, Ford J, Trabanco AA, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. Photoredox Nucleophilic (Radio)fluorination of Alkoxyamines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11599-11604. [PMID: 38651661 PMCID: PMC11066844 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoredox nucleophilic (radio)fluorination using TEMPO-derived alkoxyamines, a class of substrates accessible in a single step from a diversity of readily available carboxylic acids, halides, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, boron reagents, and C-H bonds. This mild and versatile one-electron pathway affords radiolabeled aliphatic fluorides that are typically inaccessible applying conventional nucleophilic substitution technologies due to insufficient reactivity and competitive elimination. Automation of this photoredox process is also demonstrated with a user-friendly and commercially available photoredox flow reactor and radiosynthetic platform, therefore expediting access to labeled aliphatic fluorides in high molar activity (Am) for (pre)clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Ortalli
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Ford
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés A. Trabanco
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Therapeutics Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Wales Research
and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff
University, University
Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United
Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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40
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Derat E, Masson G, Claraz A. Electrochemically-Driven 1,4-Aryl Migration via Radical Fluoromethylation of N-Allylbenzamides: a Straightforward Access to Functionalized β-Arylethylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406017. [PMID: 38687085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical radical Truce Smiles rearrangement of N-allylbenzamides is documented herein. The selective 1,4-aryl migration was triggered by the radical fluoromethylation of the alkene providing a direct route to fluoro derivatives of the highly privileged β-arylethylamine pharmacophore. This practical transformation utilizes readily available starting materials and employs an electrical current to drive the oxidative process under mild reaction conditions. It accommodates a variety of migratory aryl groups with different electronic properties and substitution patterns. Careful selection of the protecting group on the nitrogen atom of the N-allylbenzamide is crucial to outcompete the undesired 6-endo cyclization and achieve high level of selectivity towards the 1,4-aryl migration. DFT calculations support the reaction mechanism and unveil the origin of selectivity between the two competitive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'lab, 8 rue de Rouen, 78440, Porcheville, France
| | - Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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41
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Lindič T, Paulus B. First-Principles Study of Adsorption of CH 4 on a Fluorinated Model NiF 2 Surface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2062. [PMID: 38730870 PMCID: PMC11084772 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical fluorination on nickel anodes, also known as the Simons' process, is an important fluorination method used on an industrial scale. Despite its success, the mechanism is still under debate. One of the proposed mechanisms involves higher valent nickel species formed on an anode acting as effective fluorinating agents. Here we report the first attempt to study fluorination by means of first principles investigation. We have identified a possible surface model from the simplest binary nickel fluoride (NiF2). A twice oxidized NiF2(F2) (001) surface exhibits higher valent nickel centers and a fluorination source that can be best characterized as an [F2]- like unit, readily available to aid fluorination. We have studied the adsorption of CH4 and the co-adsorption of CH4 and HF on this surface by means of periodic density functional theory. By the adsorption of CH4, we found two main outcomes on the surface. Unreactive physisorption of CH4 and dissociative chemisorption resulting in the formation of CH3F and HF. The co-adsorption with the HF gave rise to four main outcomes, namely the formation of CH3F, CH2F2, CH3 radical, and also physisorbed CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilen Lindič
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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43
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Guo P, Pu G, Wang G, Zeng LY, Li WP, Li X, Zhou PP, He CY. Halogen-Bond-Promoted Direct Cross-Coupling of Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Bromides with Coumarins/Quinolinones: Unraveling Trifluoromethyl Effects. Org Lett 2024; 26:3097-3102. [PMID: 38574397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel approach involving XB-mediated cross-coupling of α-trifluoromethylated alkyl bromides with coumarins and quinolinones under visible light irradiation. Both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental studies converge to suggest that the noncovalent interaction between alkyl bromides and DMAP, intensified by the α-trifluoromethyl group, plays a pivotal role in facilitating this chemoselective reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563002 Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563002 Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Gairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563002 Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563002 Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Piao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563002 Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563002 Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563002 Guizhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education. School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 563002 Zunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
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44
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Li X, Majumder S, Tang X, Dolbier WR. Zinc 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethanesulfinate: A Synthetically Useful Oxidative and Photoredox Source of the 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl Radical. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5485-5490. [PMID: 38554099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-containing molecules are of potential importance in drug discovery, but the efficient synthesis of such compounds is still relatively unexplored due to the lack of readily available reagents for the incorporation of the HCF2CF2 group. Herein, we introduce a new reagent, zinc 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfinate, which can be useful for the oxidative tetrafluoroethylation of arylboronic acids and heteroarenes as well as for a novel photoredox, three component hydro-tetrafluoroethylation of two alkenes of complementary reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Satyajit Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - William R Dolbier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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45
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Budiman YP, Putra MH, Ramadhan MR, Hannifah R, Luz C, Ghafara IZ, Rustaman R, Ernawati EE, Mayanti T, Groß A, Radius U, Marder TB. Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Arylation of (Poly)fluoroarenes with Aryl Pinacol Boronates and Experimental and Theoretical Studies of its Reaction Mechanism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400094. [PMID: 38412058 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the synergistic combination of Pd(OAc)2 and Ag2O for the oxidative C-H arylation of (poly)fluoroarenes with aryl pinacol boronates (Ar-Bpin) in DMF as the solvent. This procedure can be conducted easily in air, and without using additional ligands, to afford the fluorinated unsymmetrical biaryl products in up to 98 % yield. Experimental studies suggest that the formation of [PdL2(C6F5)2] in DMF as coordinating solvent does not take place under the reaction conditions as it is stable to reductive elimination and thus would deactivate the catalyst. Thus, the intermediate [Pd(DMF)2(ArF)(Ar)] must be formed selectively to give desired arylation products. DFT calculations predict a low barrier (5.87 kcal/mol) for the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) process between C6F5H and the Pd(II) species formed after transmetalation between the Pd(II)X2 complex and aryl-Bpin which forms a Pd-Arrich species. Thus a Pd(Arrich)(Arpoor) complex is generated selectively which undergoes reductive elimination to generate the unsymmetrical biaryl product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P Budiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad R Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Raiza Hannifah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilham Z Ghafara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rustaman Rustaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Engela E Ernawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Fernandes AJ, Giri R, Houk KN, Katayev D. Review and Theoretical Analysis of Fluorinated Radicals in Direct C Ar-H Functionalization of (Hetero)arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318377. [PMID: 38282182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
We highlight key contributions in the field of direct radical CAr- H (hetero)aromatic functionalization involving fluorinated radicals. A compilation of Functional Group Transfer Reagents and their diverse activation mechanisms leading to the release of radicals are discussed. The substrate scope for each radical is analyzed and classified into three categories according to the electronic properties of the substrates. Density functional theory computational analysis provides insights into the chemical reactivity of several fluorinated radicals through their electrophilicity and nucleophilicity parameters. Theoretical analysis of their reduction potentials also highlights the remarkable correlation between electrophilicity and oxidizing ability. It is also established that highly fluorinated radicals (e.g. ⋅OCF3) are capable of engaging in single-electron transfer (SET) processes rather than radical addition, which is in good agreement with experimental literature data. A reactivity scale, based on activation barrier of addition of these radicals to benzene is also elaborated using the high accuracy DLPNO-(U)CCSD(T) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Fernandes
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahul Giri
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 90095, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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47
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Chalyk BA, Zginnyk O, Khutorianskyi AV, Mykhailiuk PK. Functionalization of Alkenes with Difluoromethyl Nitrile Oxide to Access the Difluoromethylated Derivatives. Org Lett 2024; 26:2888-2892. [PMID: 38497552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich, electron-deficient, and non-activated alkenes can be rapidly functionalized by in situ-generated difluoromethyl nitrile oxide. The (3+2) cycloaddition proceeds at room temperature, has broad functional group tolerance, and can be used for the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules (finasteride and carbamazepine). The obtained CF2H-isoxazolines can be easily transformed into CF2H-containing building blocks for medicinal chemistry: amines, amino acids, amino alcohols, and spirocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan A Chalyk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Epiendo Pharmaceuticals, Sverige filial, Banvaktsvägen 22, 171 48 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 5 Academician Kukharya Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
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48
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Zhang J, Selmi-Higashi E, Zhang S, Jean A, Hilton ST, Cambeiro XC, Arseniyadis S. Synthesis of CHF 2-Containing Heterocycles through Oxy-difluoromethylation Using Low-Cost 3D Printed PhotoFlow Reactors. Org Lett 2024; 26:2877-2882. [PMID: 38190457 PMCID: PMC11020168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We report here a highly straightforward access to a variety of CHF2-containing heterocycles, including lactones, tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyrans, benzolactones, phthalanes, and pyrrolidines, through a visible light-mediated intramolecular oxy-difluoromethylation under continuous flow. The method, which relies on the use of readily available starting materials, low-cost 3D printed photoflow reactors, and difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide used here as a CHF2 radical precursor, is practical and scalable and provides the desired products in moderate to excellent yields and excellent regio- and stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Selmi-Higashi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Gillingham ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, Bolbec 76210, France
| | - Stephen T Hilton
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Xacobe C Cambeiro
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Gillingham ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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49
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Zhao Q, Han B, Peng C, Zhang N, Huang W, He G, Li JL. A promising future of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in medicinal chemistry: The emerging bioorganometallic antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38591229 DOI: 10.1002/med.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have emerged as promising broad-spectrum antitumor agents in bioorganometallic medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, studies on cytotoxic metal-NHC complexes have yielded numerous compounds exhibiting superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin. Although the molecular mechanisms of these anticancer complexes are not fully understood, some potential targets and modes of action have been identified. However, a comprehensive review of their biological mechanisms is currently absent. In general, apoptosis caused by metal-NHCs is common in tumor cells. They can cause a series of changes after entering cells, such as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) variation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytochrome c (cyt c) release, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lysosome damage, and caspase activation, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the influence of metal-NHCs on cancer cell apoptosis is crucial. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in metal-NHC complexes that trigger apoptotic cell death via different apoptosis-related targets or signaling pathways, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2 family), p53, cyt c, ER stress, lysosome damage, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, and so forth. We also discuss the challenges, limitations, and future directions of metal-NHC complexes to elucidate their emerging application in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Anti-Infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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50
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Hu DD, Nie TM, Xiao X, Li K, Li YB, Gao Q, Bi YX, Wang XS. Enantioselective Construction of C-SCF 3 Stereocenters via Nickel Catalyzed Asymmetric Negishi Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400308. [PMID: 38299744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The construction of the SCF3-containing 1,1-diaryl tertiary carbon stereocenters with high enantioselectivities is reported via a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric C-C coupling strategy. This method demonstrates simple operations, mild conditions and excellent functional group tolerance, with newly designed SCF3-containing synthon, which can be easily obtained from commercially available benzyl bromide and trifluoromethylthio anion in a two-step manner. Further substrate exploration indicated that the reaction system could be extended to diverse perfluoroalkyl sulfide (SC2F5, SC3F7, SC4F9, SCF2CO2Et)-substituted 1,1-diaryl compounds with excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by convenient derivatization to optical SCF3-containing analogues of bioactive compounds without an apparent decrease in enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Duo Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Tian-Mei Nie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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