1
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Li BJ, Ruan YL, Zhu L, Zhou J, Yu JS. Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-substituted stereocenters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39240236 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral organofluorine compounds featuring a monofluoromethyl (CH2F)-substituted stereocenter are often encountered in a number of drugs and bioactive molecules. Consequently, the development of catalytic asymmetric methods for the enantioselective construction of CH2F-substituted stereocenters has made great progress over the past two decades, and a variety of enantioselective transformations have been accordingly established. According to the types of fluorinated reagents or substrates employed, these protocols can be divided into the following major categories: (i) enantioselective ring opening of epoxides or azetidinium salts by fluoride anions; (ii) asymmetric monofluoromethylation with 1-fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane; (iii) asymmetric fluorocyclization of functionalized alkenes with Selectfluor; and (iv) asymmetric transformations involving α-CH2F ketones, α-CH2F alkenes, or other CH2F-containing substrates. This feature article aims to summarize these recent advances and discusses the possible reaction mechanisms, advantages and limitations of each protocol and their applications. Synthetic opportunities still open for further development are illustrated as well. This review article will be an inspiration for researchers engaged in asymmetric catalysis, organofluorine chemistry, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jie Li
- Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China.
| | - Yu-Long Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
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2
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Ni Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Mao Y, Pan Y, Ni S, Yan L, Wang Y. Redox-Active α-Amino-CF 3 Reagents: Developing and Applications in Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2024; 26:7398-7402. [PMID: 39177147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
α-Amino-CF3 compounds are widely employed in bio- and pharmaceutical chemistry for improved stability and bioactivities. Traditional methods often face challenges with functional group tolerance and lack a general approach for late-stage functionalization. Herein, we report a new type of redox-active α-amino-CF3 reagents, easily prepared from trifluoro acetaldehyde hydrates. These α-amino-CF3 reagents can serve as versatile building blocks for coupling with alkynyl bromides, aryl bromides, and enol triflates under nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Tang L, Jia F, Yu R, Wei X, Zhang L, Lv G, Zhou Q. Oxidative Aminotrifluoromethylation of 1,4-Naphthoquinone. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39226437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
A strategy for convenient and precise oxidative aminotrifluoromethylation of 1,4-naphthoquinone with the Togni reagent and amines has been demonstrated via a radical process. This method allows efficient access for the preparation of a wide range of CF3-functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinones under mild conditions, and its application in late-stage modification of drug molecules is achieved. Mechanistic studies indicate that 1,4-naphthoquinone serves as both a substrate and a catalyst and that the Togni reagent plays a dual role of a substrate and an oxidant. As a result, the title reaction can take place in the dark without external catalysts and oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Fengjuan Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ruijun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xinmeng Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lufang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ge Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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4
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Gallego-Gamo A, Sarró P, Ji Y, Pleixats R, Molins E, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Direct Synthesis of 2-Hydroxytrifluoroethylacetophenones via Organophotoredox-Mediated Net-Neutral Radical/Polar Crossover. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11682-11692. [PMID: 39087492 PMCID: PMC11334190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Alkene difunctionalization is a very attractive tool in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we disclose an operationally and practically simple method to access 2-hydroxytrifluoroethylacetophenones from styrene derivatives via photoredox catalysis. This light-mediated transformation promotes the generation of the 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbon-centered radical as key synthon, which undergoes Giese addition with styrenes followed by a Kornblum oxidation process. The presented method is not only mild and cost-effective, but also utilizes an organic photocatalyst and DMSO as oxidant. Experimental investigations support the operative mechanism via net-neutral radical/polar crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sarró
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yingmin Ji
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Department
of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Zou M, Kuruppu S, Emge TJ, Waldie KM. Metal- versus ligand-centered reactivity of a cobalt-phenylenediamide complex with electrophiles. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13174-13183. [PMID: 39045716 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A new series of [CoIII-CF3]n+ complexes supported by a bidentate redox-active ligand is presented. The cationic [Co-CF3]+ complex was first obtained by reacting [CpCo(tBuUreaopda)] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, opda = o-phenylenediamide) with an electrophilic trifluoromethyl source, for which the redox-active phenylenediamide ligand serves as a 2e- reservoir to generate [CpCp(tBuUreabqdi)(CF3)]+ (bqdi = benzoquinonediimine). Electrochemical studies of [Co-CF3]+ revealed two reversible 1e- reductions. Chemical reduction with 1 or 2 equiv. reducing agent enabled isolation of the neutral and anionic complexes, respectively, where the [CoIII-CF3] bond remains intact in all three oxidation states (n = +1, 0, -1). Structural analysis shows systematic changes to the redox-active ligand backbone upon reduction, consistent with sequential ligand-centered electron transfer in the series [bqdi]0 to [s-bqdi]˙- to [opda]2-. In contrast, the reaction of [CpCo(tBuUreaopda)] with alkyl triflates resulted in ligand-centered alkylation at the ureayl groups instead of the targeted Co-alkyl bond formation, suggesting less favorable bond formation at cobalt and greater nucleophilic accessibility of the ligand compared to the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Sewwandi Kuruppu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Kate M Waldie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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6
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Bai D, Zhong K, Chang L, Qiao Y, Wu F, Xu G, Chang J. Nickel-catalyzed regiodivergent hydrosilylation of α-(fluoroalkyl)styrenes without defluorination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6360. [PMID: 39069515 PMCID: PMC11284216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The fluoroalkyl-containing organic molecules are widely used in drug discovery and material science. Herein, we report ligand regulated nickel(0)-catalyzed regiodivergent hydrosilylation of α-(fluoroalkyl)styrenes without defluorination, providing an atom- and step-economical synthesis route of two types of fluoroalkyl substituted silanes with exclusive regioselectivity. The anti-Markovnikov addition products (β-fluoroalkyl substituted silanes) are formed with monodentate phosphine ligand. Noteworthy, the bidentate phosphine ligand promote the generation of the more challenging Markovnikov products (α-fluoroalkyl substituted silanes) with tetrasubstituted saturated carbon centers. This protocol features with easy available starting materials and commercially available nickel catalysis, a wide range of substrates and excellent regioselectivity. The structure divergent products undergo a variety of transformations. Comprehensive mechanistic studies including the inverse kinetic isotope effects demonstrate the regioselectivity controlled by ligand structure through α-CF3 nickel intermediate. DFT calculations reveal a distinctive mechanism involving an open-shell singlet state, which is crucial for generating intricate tetra-substituted Markovnikov products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Pingyuan laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P R China.
| | - Kangbao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Pingyuan laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lingna Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Pingyuan laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P R China
| | - Fen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Pingyuan laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Pingyuan laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Pingyuan laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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7
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Bouzbouz S. Fluoride-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Silylamides to CF 3-Acrylates: Access to Highly Functionalized Trifluoromethylated and Quaternary Fluorinated Molecular Architectures. Org Lett 2024; 26:6130-6135. [PMID: 39018383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A direct and simple catalytic coupling of nonfluorinated and fluorinated silylbutenamides with β-CF3 α,β-unsaturated esters mediated by fluoride ion was carried out. The transformation proceeded with excellent yields to afford new, highly functionalized trifluoromethylated and quaternary fluorinated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouzbouz
- CNRS, University of Rouen, INSA of Rouen, COBRA UMR 6014, 1 rue Lucien Tesnière, 76131 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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8
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Wang Y, Li SJ, Jiang F, Lan Y, Wang X. Making Full Use of TMSCF 3: Deoxygenative Trifluoromethylation/Silylation of Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19286-19294. [PMID: 38956888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most powerful trifluoromethylation reagents, (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3) has been widely used for the synthesis of fluorine-containing molecules. However, to the best of our knowledge, the simultaneous incorporation of both TMS- and CF3- groups of this reagent onto the same carbon of the products has not been realized. Herein, we report an unprecedented SmI2/Sm promoted deoxygenative difunctionalization of amides with TMSCF3, in which both silyl and trifluoromethyl groups are incorporated into the final product, yielding α-silyl-α-trifluoromethyl amines with high efficiency. Notably, the silyl group could be further transformed into other functional groups, providing a new method for the synthesis of α-quaternary α-CF3-amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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9
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Sagar K, Srimannarayana M, Teegala R, Merja BC, Pradhan TR, Park JK. Difluoroenoxysilane: Expanding Allenamide Hydrodifluoroalkylation for Diverse Carbon Frameworks. Org Lett 2024; 26:5676-5681. [PMID: 38922286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an effective route to access functionalizable fluorinated enamides characterized by their high regiospecificity around the allenamide. Synthetic applications of the resulting difluorocarbonyl-bearing enamide products were pursued through straightforward synthetic transformations to prepare unknown functionalized valuable halogenated O-heterocycles and C5 skeletons. Experimental mechanistic studies showed that hydrodifluoroalkylation occurs via a hidden Brønsted acid activation, thereby establishing a new electrophilic activation mode for allenamide through a conjugated iminium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiyala Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Malempati Srimannarayana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Raju Teegala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Bhailal C Merja
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Tapas R Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhao Q, Telu S, Jana S, Morse CL, Pike VW. Isotopologues of potassium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide for applications in positron emission tomography and beyond. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5798. [PMID: 38987549 PMCID: PMC11237122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group increasingly features in drugs and potential tracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we describe a rapid and transition metal-free conversion of fluoroform with paraformaldehyde into highly reactive potassium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide (CF3CH2OK) and demonstrate robust applications of this synthon in one-pot, two-stage 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxylations of both aromatic and aliphatic precursors. Moreover, we show that these transformations translate easily to fluoroform that has been labeled with either carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) or fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min), so allowing the appendage of complex molecules with a no-carrier-added 11C- or 18F- 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group. This provides scope to create candidate PET tracers with radioactive and metabolically stable 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy moieties. We also exemplify syntheses of isotopologues of potassium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide and show their utility for stable isotopic labeling which can be of further benefit for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunchao Zhao
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
| | - Susovan Jana
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
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11
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Huang Y, You C, Hong B, Han X, Weng Z. One-Pot Assembly of 2-Trifluoromethyl Benzothiazole and Benzoselenazole via Copper-Mediated Three-Component Cascade Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400331. [PMID: 38576218 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A domino one-pot synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazole via copper-mediated three-component cascade reaction starting from the easily accessible starting materials such as o-iodoanilines, methyl trifluoropyruvate, and elemental sulfur is reported. The present strategy displayed a comprehensive substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enabled access to a variety of substituted 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazoles. A 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzoselenazole has also been synthesized utilizing this reaction methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chenhui You
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Biqiong Hong
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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12
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Chen D, Huang L, Liang M, Chen X, Cao D, Xiao P, Ni C, Hu J. 1,6-Nucleophilic Di- and Trifluoromethylation of para-Quinone Methides with Me 3SiCF 2H/Me 3SiCF 3 Facilitated by CsF/18-Crown-6. Molecules 2024; 29:2905. [PMID: 38930971 PMCID: PMC11206660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct 1,6-nucleophilic difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and difluoroalkylation of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with Me3SiRf (Rf = CF2H, CF3, CF2CF3, CF2COOEt, and CF2SPh) under mild conditions are described. Although Me3SiCF2H shows lower reactivity than Me3SiCF3, it can react with p-QMs promoted by CsF/18-Crown-6 to give structurally diverse difluoromethyl products in good yields. The products can then be further converted into fluoroalkylated para-quinone methides and α-fluoroalkylated diarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingben Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Pan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Wu X, Qiu X, Lou W, Zhang S, Zhang C, Ma X, Liu C. Efficient Trifluoromethylation of Halogenated Hydrocarbons Using Novel [(bpy)Cu(O 2CCF 2SO 2F) 2] Reagent. Molecules 2024; 29:2849. [PMID: 38930914 PMCID: PMC11206303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel trifluoromethylating reagent, [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2], notable for not only its practical synthesis from cost-effective starting materials and scalability but also its nonhygroscopic nature. The reagent demonstrates high efficiency in facilitating trifluoromethylation reactions with various halogenated hydrocarbons, yielding products in good yields and exhibiting broad functional group compatibility. The development of [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2] represents an advancement in the field of organic synthesis, potentially serving as a valuable addition to the arsenal of existing trifluoromethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Wenrun Lou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Shengxue Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
- Shanghai-Sanming Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 25 Jingdong Road, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
- Shanghai-Sanming Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 25 Jingdong Road, Sanming 365004, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Hu J, Yang C, Qin X, Liu H, Ma T, Shi AT, Lv QL, Liu X, Yang J, Li D. Catalyst- and base-free visible light-enabled radical relay trihalomethylation/functional group-migration/carbonylation with CX 3SO 2Cl. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4488-4493. [PMID: 38623736 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible light-enabled radical trihalomethylation/cyano-migration/carbonylation cascade reaction of 2-hydroxy-2-hex-5-enenitrile with CX3SO2Cl as the CX3-source (X = F, Cl) to obtain 5-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trihaloethyl)pentanenitrile compounds in the absence of a photocatalyst, transition metal and base. This reaction system is also effective to convert (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-pent-4-enol to the corresponding 4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6,6,6-trihalo-hexanone products. These reactions occur under mild conditions, tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and provide alternative approaches for the 1,2-bifunctionalization reaction of unactivated olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Chenglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Xiaotao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Tongtong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Ao-Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Qing-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Xingman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Testing Center, Ningxia University, China.
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15
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Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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16
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Zhao XW, Zhu WQ, Yu-Jing, Shi YR, Zhang J, Li H, Yang MG, Fan QW, Li Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reaction of Indole/Pyrrole Involving HCFO-1233zd (E). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304056. [PMID: 38379208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
3-Indole-3-one is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and plays an important role in synthetic chemistry and biochemistry. A new method for synthesizing trifluoromethylated 3-indoleketones by Pd(0)-catalyzed carbonylation was introduced. In the absence of additives, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl (an inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthetic block of trifluoromethyl) reacts with indole and carbon monoxide to generate trifluoromethylindole ketones with good yields, regioselectivity, and chemical selectivity; furthermore, the products exhibit strong resistance to basic functional groups, such as alkynes, aldehydes, and esters. In addition to the conversion of indole compounds into corresponding products, pyrrole and heteroindole may be suitable for corresponding chemical transformations. This study provides a synthetic method for the further construction of trifluoromethylated 3-indole ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yu-Jing
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yi-Ran Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Min-Ge Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Fan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
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17
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Zhu H, Gao C, Yu T, Xu C, Wang M. O-Trifluoromethylation of Carboxylic Acids via the Formation and Activation of Acyloxy(phenyl)trifluoromethyl-λ 3-Iodanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400449. [PMID: 38483081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the challenging O-trifluoromethylation of carboxylic acids via the formation and activation of acyloxy(phenyl)trifluoromethyl-λ3-iodanes. The method provides an easy access to various potentially valuable and hitherto elusive trifluoromethyl carboxylic esters. A remarkably wide range of substrates with commonly encountered functional groups are compatible with this reaction, including aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids, as well as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. The reaction mechanism and the origins of the enhanced reactivity by zinc chloride (ZnCl2) were discussed from experimental evidence and density functional theory (DFT) calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhu
- Department Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chi Gao
- Department Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mang Wang
- Department Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
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18
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Wang Z, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Photocatalytic Keto- and Amino-Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1980-1984. [PMID: 38421197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to develop alternatives to triflic anhydride (Tf2O) as a trifluoromethylation reagent continue due to its limitations, including volatility, corrosiveness, and moisture sensitivity. Described herein is the use of a trifluoromethylsulfonylpyridinium salt (TFSP), easily obtained by a one-step reaction of Tf2O with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, as a reagent for the trifluoromethylative difunctionalization of alkenes by photoredox catalysis. DMSO and CH3CN are suitable solvents for achieving keto- and amino-trifluoromethylation of alkenes, respectively, with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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19
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Xie Q, Hu J. A Journey of the Development of Privileged Difluorocarbene Reagents TMSCF 2X (X = Br, F, Cl) for Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:693-713. [PMID: 38354302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAs fluorine has played an increasingly important role in modulating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, the selective introduction of fluorine atom(s) or fluorinated moieties into target molecules has become a powerful tool in the development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In this context, the difluoromethylene (CF2) and difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups are of special interest because of their ability to serve as bioisosteres of ethereal oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) groups, respectively. Difluorocarbene is one of the most versatile reactive intermediates to incorporate CF2 and CF2H groups; however, before 2006, most of the previously known difluorocarbene reagents suffered from several drawbacks such as using ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), difficult-to-handle reagents, or harsh reaction conditions or having narrow substrate scope and/or low yields. Moreover, the reactivity of difluorocarbene generated from different precursors (reagents) was often unpredictable, since the difluorocarbene generation conditions (activation modes) of various difluorocarbene precursors are different, and these conditions may mismatch those required for subsequent difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly and versatile difluorocarbene reagents, as well as the investigation of the mechanistic insights into difluorocarbene-involved reactions, has been highly desirable.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. We have developed seven new difluorocarbene reagents, including 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone (1), chlorodifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone (2), S-difluoromethyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulfoximine (3), difluoromethyltri(n-butyl)ammonium chloride (4), (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl, 5), (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Br, 6), and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, 7). In this journey, we realized the key factor for an ideal difluorocarbene reagent that can be used for a broad range of reactions, that is, the reagent should allow various activation modes for the generation of difluorocarbene species, such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents, which are compatible with a wide range of difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Among all known difluorocarbene reagents, silanes TMSCF2X (X = Br, F, Cl) have stood out as privileged ones, which paves a new avenue for further developing difluorocarbene chemistry. In particular, TMSCF2Br was recognized as an "all-rounder": TMSCF2Br can be applied in almost all common difluorocarbene-involved reactions, and more importantly, TMSCF2Br also enables many other novel transformations that other difluorocarbene reagents cannot achieve, thanks to its unique structure and rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions. It can be expected that with the commercial availability of TMSCF2X reagents (X = Br, F, Cl) now, the development of difluorocarbene chemistry will be accelerated in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Hampton AS, Hodgson DRW, McDougald G, Wang L, Sandford G. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diketone and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-ketoester derivatives using fluorine gas. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:460-469. [PMID: 38440170 PMCID: PMC10910478 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Solutions of 1,3-diketones and 1,3-ketoester derivatives react with fluorine to give the corresponding 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives in the presence of quinuclidine. Quinuclidine reacts with fluorine in situ to generate a fluoride ion that facilitates limiting enolization processes, and an electrophilic N-F fluorinating agent that is reactive towards neutral enol species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Hampton
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David R W Hodgson
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Graham McDougald
- Syngenta, Huddersfield Manufacturing Centre, PO Box A38, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD2 1FF, UK
| | - Linhua Wang
- Syngenta USA, 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, North Carolina, NC 27409, USA
| | - Graham Sandford
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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21
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Su T, Cai C. Ball-milled prepared Fe 3O 4-Fe SAs-NPs@NC catalyst synergistically facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species for oxidative trifluoromethylation of alkenes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:199-207. [PMID: 37939404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts have recently regarded as a promising chose for the thermally-driven generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) through catalytic reactions with molecular oxygen, which can facilitate this process by specific geometric and electronic structure. However, the oxidative trifluoromethylation of alkenes to α-trifluoromethylated ketones by CF3SO2Na is rarely reported in this system. In this work, we report a one-pot polymerization ball milling strategy to construct precursor, and then pyrolyze it to obtain specific carbon nanotubes matrix with Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles and single atoms Fe. Remarkably, the optimized catalyst (Fe3O4-FeSAs-NPs@NC-1) displays excellent catalytic performance, broad substrates and recyclability for this fluorination reaction via radical pathway. Based on characterizations and mechanistic studies, we discover that the coexistence of Fe/Fe3O4 and Fe-Nx not only synergistically facilitates the catalytic efficiency in altering the electronic structure of Fe sites, but also benefits the absorption of O2 and the ability of the thermally-driven generating ROS which can activate CF3SO2Na to CF3 radical. This work offers a method of designing Fe-based catalysts and also opens up a new thermal-heterogeneous catalysis way for the oxidative trifluoromethylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Chun Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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22
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Fleetwood TD, Kerr WJ, Mason J. Copper-Mediated N-Trifluoromethylation of O-Benzoylhydroxylamines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303314. [PMID: 38018464 PMCID: PMC10952365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of trifluoromethyl containing compounds is well established within medicinal chemistry, with a range of approved drugs containing C-CF3 and O-CF3 moieties. However, the utilisation of the N-CF3 functional group remains relatively unexplored. This may be attributed to the challenging synthesis of this unit, with many current methods employing harsh conditions or less accessible reagents. A robust methodology for the N-trifluoromethylation of secondary amines has been developed, which employs an umpolung strategy in the form of a copper-catalysed electrophilic amination. The method is operationally simple, uses mild, inexpensive reagents, and has been used to synthesise a range of novel, structurally complex N-CF3 containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Fleetwood
- Medicinal ChemistryGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadSG1 2NYStevenageEnglandU.K.
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XLGlasgowScotlandU.K.
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XLGlasgowScotlandU.K.
| | - Joseph Mason
- Medicinal ChemistryGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadSG1 2NYStevenageEnglandU.K.
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23
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Xu GQ, Wang WD, Xu PF. Photocatalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1209-1223. [PMID: 38170467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its diverse activation processes including single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and efficient platform for organic synthesis. These processes provide a powerful avenue for the direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds under mild conditions. Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in the enantioselective functionalization of the C(sp3)-H bond via photocatalysis combined with conventional asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we summarize the advances in asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization involving visible-light photocatalysis and discuss two main pathways in this emerging field: (a) SET-driven carbocation intermediates are followed by stereospecific nucleophile attacks; and (b) photodriven alkyl radical intermediates are further enantioselectively captured by (i) chiral π-SOMOphile reagents, (ii) stereoselective transition-metal complexes, and (iii) another distinct stereoscopic radical species. We aim to summarize key advances in reaction design, catalyst development, and mechanistic understanding, to provide new insights into this rapidly evolving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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24
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Csenki JT, Novák Z. Iodonium based regioselective double nucleophilic alkene functionalization of a hydrofluoroolefin scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:726-729. [PMID: 38112008 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a modular regioselective alkene difunctionalization strategy based on the use of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) gas as fluorous feedstock material. The transformation of the HFO gas to iodonium salt creates vicinal electrophilic sites readily available for a broad range of nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- János T Csenki
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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25
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Yang K, Yin D, Sun Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Xu L, Du Y. Synthesis of Fluoromethylated Chromones and Their Heteroatom Analogues via Sodium Fluoromethanesulfinate-Enabled Direct Fluoromethylation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:565-575. [PMID: 38115769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An array of biologically interesting tri/difluoromethylated chromones and their heteroatom analogues were conveniently synthesized from the reaction of chromones and their heteroatom analogues with CF3SO2Na or HCF2SO2Na in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide under mild conditions. A mechanistic pathway involving the generation of the electrophilic tri/difluoromethyl radical, followed with the radical substitution of chromones and their heteroatom analogues, was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongxue Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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26
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Chen B, Chen Q, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhou X, Wang H, Yan Q, Wang W, Cai Z, Chen FE. Visible-Light-Induced Defluorinative α-C(sp 3)-H Alkylation for the Synthesis of gem-Difluoroallylated α-Trifluoromethylamines. Org Lett 2023; 25:9124-9129. [PMID: 37976410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel and efficient photoredox catalytic Cα radical addition/defluoroalkylation coupling reaction between α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and N-trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine. A series of gem-difluoroallylated α-trifluoromethylamines were synthesized by the Cα radical addition enabled by a 1,2-H shift of the in situ-generated N-trifluoroethyl radical. Notably, this protocol is distinguished by its mild conditions, easy operation, and excellent functional group tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qinlin Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Hubei Duorui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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27
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Minshull H, Lloyd-Jones GC. TMSCF 3-Mediated Conversion of Salicylates into α,α-Difluoro-3-coumaranones: Chain Kinetics, Anion-Speciation, and Mechanism. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17450-17460. [PMID: 38041656 PMCID: PMC10729029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
As reported by Zhao, the TBAT ([Ph3SiF2]-[Bu4N]+)-initiated reaction of ethyl salicylate with TMSCF3 in THF generates α,α-difluoro-3-coumaranones via the corresponding O-silylated ethoxy ketals. The mechanism has been investigated by in situ 19F and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, CF2-trapping, competition, titration, and comparison of the kinetics with the 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-fluoro ethyl salicylate analogues and their O-silylated derivatives. The process evolves in five distinct stages, each arising from a discrete array of anion speciations that modulate a sequence of silyl-transfer chain reactions. The deconvolution of coupled equilibria between salicylate, [CF3]-, and siliconate [Me3Si(CF3)2]- anions allowed the development of a kinetic model that accounts for the first three stages. The model provides valuable practical insights. For example, it explains how the initial concentrations of the TMSCF3 and salicylate and the location of electron-withdrawing salicylate ring substituents profoundly impact the overall viability of the process, how stoichiometric CF3H generation can be bypassed by using the O-silylated salicylate, and how the very slow liberation of the α,α-difluoro-3-coumaranone can be rapidly accelerated by evaporative or aqueous workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah
B. Minshull
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
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28
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Hooker LV, Bandar JS. Synthetic Advantages of Defluorinative C-F Bond Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308880. [PMID: 37607025 PMCID: PMC10843719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the development of methods to both create compounds that contain C-F bonds and to functionalize C-F bonds. As such, C-F bonds are becoming common and versatile synthetic functional handles. This review summarizes the advantages of defluorinative functionalization reactions for small molecule synthesis. The coverage is organized by the type of carbon framework the fluorine is attached to for mono- and polyfluorinated motifs. The main challenges, opportunities and advances of defluorinative functionalization are discussed for each class of organofluorine. Most of the text focuses on case studies that illustrate how defluorofunctionalization can improve routes to synthetic targets or how the properties of C-F bonds enable unique mechanisms and reactions. The broader goal is to showcase the opportunities for incorporating and exploiting C-F bonds in the design of synthetic routes, improvement of specific reactions and advent of new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy V Hooker
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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29
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Yang Z, Liu J, Xie LG. 1,2-Fluorosulfenylation of unactivated alkenes with thiols and a fluoride source promoted by bromodimethylsulfonium bromide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14153-14156. [PMID: 37955272 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A practical method that enables the fluorosulfenylation of unactivated alkenes processed directly with thiols and fluoride salts is presented. Good to excellent efficiencies and functional group tolerance are observed for both alkene substrates and thiols. The procedure also allows the use of gaseous ethylene as a two-carbon building block for β-fluoro thioether products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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30
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Liu Y, Zhou T, Xuan L, Lin Y, Li F, Wang H, Lyu J, Yan Q, Zhou H, Wang W, Chen FE. Visible-Light-Driven C,N-Selective Heteroarylation of N-Fluoroalkyl Hydroxylamine Reagents with Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a direct and powerful strategy for the synthesis of highly valuable α-trifluoromethylamine and N-trifluoroethylamine derivatives from a visible-light-promoted C,N-selective heteroarylation of N-trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine reagents with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under ambient conditions. The chemoselectivity of the process (trifluoroalkylation or N-trifluoroethylamination) can easily be dictated and modulated by a selection of N-trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine substrates. The key to success is the protecting group on the N atom of hydroxylamine reagents, which can control the process of 1,2-H shift of the in situ-generated N-trifluoroethyl radical. Remarkable features of this method include mild conditions, easy operation, high selectivity, and excellent functional group tolerability. More importantly, the trifluoroalkylated products can be readily derivatized into other interesting imidazo-fused heterocycles that would be of great potential for the exploitation of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Tongyao Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Liangming Xuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fuqi Li
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lyu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health. College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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31
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Simonet B, Herrscher V, Witjaksono C, Chaignon P, Massicot F, Vasse JL, Seemann M, Behr JB. Carbohydrate-Templated Syntheses of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted MEP Analogues for the Study of the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15832-15843. [PMID: 37917513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl analogues of methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) and 2-C-methyl-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), natural substrates of key enzymes from the MEP pathway, were prepared starting from d-glucose as the chiral template to secure absolute configurations. The obligate trifluoromethyl group was inserted with complete diastereoselectivity using the Ruppert-Prakash nucleophile. Target compounds were assayed against the corresponding enzymes showing that trifluoro-MEP did not disrupt IspD activity, whereas trifluoro-MEcPP induced 40% inhibition of IspG at 1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Simonet
- Institut de Chimie moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Vivien Herrscher
- Institut de Chimie moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Clea Witjaksono
- Equipe Chimie Biologique et Applications Thérapeutiques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Chaignon
- Equipe Chimie Biologique et Applications Thérapeutiques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Massicot
- Institut de Chimie moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Myriam Seemann
- Equipe Chimie Biologique et Applications Thérapeutiques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Institut de Chimie moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
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32
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Dongxu Z. Trifluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones as potent nitrogen-containing fluorinated building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1741-1754. [PMID: 38025086 PMCID: PMC10667715 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organofluorine derivatives, which are prepared using fluorinated building blocks, are among the most important active fragments in various pharmaceutical and agrochemical products. This review focuses on the reactivity, synthesis, and applications of fluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones. It summarizes recent methodologies that have been used for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Dongxu
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, P. R. of China
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33
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Zhao JQ, Zhang XM, He YY, Peng QQ, Rao HW, Zhang YP, Wang ZH, You Y, Yuan WC. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Vicinally Bis(trifluoromethyl)-Substituted Molecules via Normal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N-2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Benzothiophene Ketimines and β-Trifluoromethyl Enones. Org Lett 2023; 25:8027-8032. [PMID: 37916762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
An organocatalytic asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of β-trifluoromethyl enones with 3-(N-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) benzothiophene ketimines and 2-(N-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) benzothiophene ketimines was described for the first time. A wide spectrum of vicinally bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted spiro pyrrolidine-benzothiophenones were obtained with excellent stereocontrol (all cases >20:1 dr and up to 99% ee). The highlight of this work is the extremely high efficiency in the construction of spirocyclic benzothiophenone derivatives possessing a vicinally bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted pyrrolidine moiety with four contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Xue-Man Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Peng
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Han-Wen Rao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
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34
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Tang Y, Huang M, Jiang L, Zhang X, Zheng S, Yang Y, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Irradiated Multicomponent Reactions of Aliphatic Amines, Propiolate Acid Esters, and CF 3 SO 2 Na for Accessing β-CF 3 Enamines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302249. [PMID: 37572319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel one-pot two-step multicomponent reaction has been achieved for the preparation of β-CF3 enamines by using different aliphatic amines, propiolates, and CF3 SO2 Na as starting material. In this protocol, various aliphatic amines including primary amines, cyclic or acyclic secondary amines were demonstrated to be good coupling partners, and different β-CF3 enamines were obtained in moderate to good yields. Among them, the primary aliphatic amines only gave pure (E)-β-CF3 enamines as products. The synthetic utility of the MCRs strategy was further demonstrated by mild conditions, gram-scale synthesis and natural sunlight-induced protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that this trifluoromethylation of C(sp2 )-H involves radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Liang Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 320500, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
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35
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Kuehl NJ, Taylor MT. Rapid Biomolecular Trifluoromethylation Using Cationic Aromatic Sulfonate Esters as Visible-Light-Triggered Radical Photocages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22878-22884. [PMID: 37819426 PMCID: PMC11076010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a photodecaging approach to radical trifluoromethylation of biomolecules. This was accomplished by designing a quinolinium sulfonate ester that, upon absorption of visible light, achieves decaging via photolysis of the sulfonate ester to ultimately liberate free trifluoromethyl radicals that are trapped by π-nucleophiles in biomolecules. This photodecaging process enables protein and protein-interaction mapping experiments using trifluoromethyl radicals that require only 1 s reaction times and low photocage concentrations. In these experiments, aromatic side chains are labeled in an environmentally dependent fashion, with selectivity observed for tryptophan (Trp), followed by histidine (His) and tyrosine (Tyr). Scalable peptide trifluoromethylation through photodecaging is also demonstrated, where bespoke peptides harboring trifluoromethyl groups at tryptophan residues can be synthesized with 5-7 min reaction times and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Kuehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Michael T. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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36
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Kuehner C, Hill AG, Harris CF, Owens CA, Bacsa J, Soper JD. Catalytic C-H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Visible Light Photoexcitation of a Co(III)-CF 3 Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:13607-13617. [PMID: 37881792 PMCID: PMC10594583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt photocatalyst for direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arene C(sp2)-H bonds is described and shown to operate via visible light activation of a Co-CF3 intermediate, which functions as a combined chromophore and organometallic reaction center. Chemical oxidations of previously reported (OCO)Co complexes containing a redox-active [OCO] pincer ligand afford a Co-CF3 complex two oxidation states above Co(II). Computational and spectroscopic studies are consistent with formulation of the product as [(OCO•)CoIII(CF3)(THF)(OTf)] (II) containing an open-shell [OCO•]1- radical ligand bound to a S = 0 Co(III) center. II is thermodynamically stable, but exposure to blue (440 nm) light induces Co-CF3 bond homolysis and release of •CF3, which is trapped by radical acceptors including TEMPO•, (hetero)arenes, or the radical [OCO•] ligand in II. The latter comprises a competitive degradation pathway, which is overcome under catalytic conditions by using excess substrate. Accordingly, generation of II from the reaction of [(OCO)CoIIL] (III) (L = THF, MeCN) with Umemoto's dibenzothiophenium trifluoromethylating reagent (1) followed by photolytic Co-CF3 bond activation completes a photoredox catalytic cycle for C-H (hetero)arene trifluoromethylation utilizing visible light. Electronic structure and photophysical studies, including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, suggest that Co-CF3 bond homolysis at II occurs via an ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) (OCO0)CoII(CF3) state, revealing ligand redox activity as a critical design feature and establishing design principles for the use of base metal chromophores for selectivity in photoredox bond activations occurring via free radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
S. Kuehner
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew G. Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Caleb F. Harris
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Christian A. Owens
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- X-ray
Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jake D. Soper
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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37
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Zhou Y, Doi R, Ogoshi S. Difluoromethylene insertion into fluoroalkyl copper complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11504-11507. [PMID: 37675966 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the insertion of a difluoromethylene into 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-arylethyl copper complexes to synthesize extended perfluoroalkyl-bridged compounds that have various functional groups on each edge (ArCF2CF2(CF2)nR, R = arenes, halogens, alkyl, alkenyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl). Further, the one-pot syntheses of perfluoroalkyl-bridged compounds from aryl boronic acid esters were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Doi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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38
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Demonti L, Joven-Sancho D, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling Reactions Enabled by Well-Defined Ag(III) Compounds: Main Focus on Aromatic Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300143. [PMID: 37338273 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AgIII compounds are considered strong oxidizers of difficult handling. Accordingly, the involvement of Ag catalysts in cross-coupling via 2e- redox sequences is frequently discarded. Nevertheless, organosilver(III) compounds have been authenticated using tetradentate macrocycles or perfluorinated groups as supporting ligands, and since 2014, first examples of cross-coupling enabled by AgI /AgIII redox cycles saw light. This review collects the most relevant contributions to this field, with main focus on aromatic fluorination/perfluoroalkylation and the identification of AgIII key intermediates. Pertinent comparison between the activity of AgIII RF compounds in aryl-F and aryl-CF3 couplings vs. the one shown by its CuIII RF and AuIII RF congeners is herein disclosed, thus providing a more profound picture on the scope of these transformations and the pathways commonly associated to C-RF bond formations enabled by coinage metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
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39
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Béke F, Csenki JT, Novák Z. Fluoroalkylations and Fluoroalkenylations with Iodonium Salts. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300083. [PMID: 37129578 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and applications of fluoroalkyl and fluoroalkenyliodonium salts are summarized in this account article, focusing preferably to the reagents designed in our laboratory in the last decade. Among these reagents trifluoroethyl(aryl)iodonium salts have been used most frequently to build carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in simple nucleophilic substitutions and through transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions. Iodonium salts equipped with unsaturated fluorinated function showed diverse reactivity due to their electron deficient character, and these molecular motifs enable cycloadditions and nucleophilic additions to prepare fluorinated carbo- and heterocyclic molecules. Beyond the overview of existing transformations, with the presented collection, we aim to inspire future developments of iodonium reagents and their application in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Béke
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - János T Csenki
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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40
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Sumii Y, Shibata N. Current State of Microflow Trifluoromethylation Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300117. [PMID: 37309300 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group is a powerful structural motif in drugs and polymers; thus, developing trifluoromethylation reactions is an important area of research in organic chemistry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in developing new methods for the trifluoromethylation of organic molecules, ranging from nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches to transition-metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrolytic reactions. While these reactions were initially developed in batch systems, more recent microflow versions are highly attractive for industrial applications owing to their scalability, safety, and time efficiency. In this review, we discuss the current state of microflow trifluoromethylation. Approaches for microflow trifluoromethylation based on different trifluoromethylation reagents are described, including continuous flow, flow photochemical, microfluidic electrochemical reactions, and large-scale microflow reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sumii
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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41
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Lin D, Coe M, Krishnamurti V, Ispizua-Rodriguez X, Surya Prakash GK. Recent Advances in Visible Light-Mediated Radical Fluoro-alkylation, -alkoxylation, -alkylthiolation, -alkylselenolation, and -alkylamination. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300104. [PMID: 37212421 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, many reagents and protocols have been developed to allow for the efficient fluorofunctionalization of a diverse set of scaffolds ranging from alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and (hetero)arenes. The concomitant rise of organofluorine chemistry and visible light-mediated synthesis have synergistically expanded the fields and have mutually benefitted from developments in both fields. In this context, visible light driven formations of radicals containing fluorine have been a major focus for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This review details the recent advances and progress made in visible light-mediated fluoroalkylation and heteroatom centered radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lin
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Coe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinayak Krishnamurti
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xanath Ispizua-Rodriguez
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G K Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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42
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Escorihuela J, Fustero S. Fluorinated Imines in Tandem and Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200262. [PMID: 36633495 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of fluorinated compounds has experienced extraordinary growth in recent decades due to the many and varied properties which many of the compounds that contain fluorinated groups possess. Among all of them, fluorinated chiral imines, in particular the Ellman's imines, are of great importance since they are some of the most interesting building blocks for the synthesis of a large number of enantioenriched carbocycles and heterocycles with extraordinary biological and synthetic properties. This personal account covers the most significant results obtained in our research group in the last two decades concerning asymmetric tandem reactions, paying special attention to the intramolecular aza-Michael reaction (IMAMR), diversity oriented synthesis (DOS), asymmetric tandem reactions involving a p-tolylsulfinyl group as chiral inducer and cycloaddition processes, in particular, the Pauson-Khand reaction, [2+2+2]-cycloadditions and metathesis reactions, starting mainly from enyne compounds and through the use of fluorinated chiral N-sulfinyl imines and their derivatives as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain
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43
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Yoshida S. C-F Transformations of Benzotrifluorides by the Activation of Ortho-Hydrosilyl Group. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200308. [PMID: 36762730 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Single C-F transformations of aromatic trifluoromethyl compounds are challenging issues due to the strong C-F bond. We have recently developed selective methods for single C-F transformations such as allylation of o-hydrosilyl-substituted benzotrifluorides through the hydride abstraction with trityl cations. Single C-F thiolation and azidation of o-(hydrosilyl)benzotrifluorides were achieved using trityl sulfides and trityl azide catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3 . Treatment of o-(hydrosilyl)benzotrifluorides with trityl chloride resulted in single C-F chlorination. The resulting fluorosilyl group served in further transformations including protonation, halogenation, and Hiyama cross-coupling with C-Si cleavage. We also synthesized benzyl fluorides by LiAlH4 -reduction of the resulting fluorosilanes and further C-F transformations. These methods enabled us to prepare a broad range of organofluorines from simple benzotrifluorides through C-F and C-Si transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
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Fang Y, Liu C, Tang J, Pei Z, Chen Z. Visible-Light Photocatalytic Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Selenides from Selenosulfonates through a Radical Process. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12658-12667. [PMID: 37595016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic synthesis of difluoromethylated selenides from selenosulfonates is described here. Bench-stable difluoromethyl phosphonium salt [Ph3PCF2H]Br reacts smoothly with selenosulfonates to give a series of functionalized difluoromethylated selenides in moderate to good yields via a radical process. This protocol is free of a stoichiometric base and reductant, has tolerance of functional groups, and has successful late-stage modification of bioactive molecules, which provides facile access to molecules of pharmaceutical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Zheng Pei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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Le TV, Romero I, Daugulis O. "Sandwich" Diimine-Copper Catalyzed Trifluoroethylation and Pentafluoropropylation of Unactivated C(sp 3 )-H Bonds by Carbene Insertion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301672. [PMID: 37267071 PMCID: PMC10642771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here "sandwich"-diimine copper complex-catalyzed trifluoroethylation and pentafluoropropylation of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds in alkyl esters, halides, and protected amines by employing CF3 CHN2 and CF3 CF2 CHN2 reagents. Reactions proceed in dichloromethane solvent at room temperature. Identical C-H functionalization conditions and stoichiometries are employed for generality and convenience. Selectivities for C-H insertions are higher for compounds possessing stronger electron-withdrawing substituents. Preliminary mechanistic studies point to a mechanism involving a pre-equilibrium forming a "sandwich"-diimine copper-CF3 CHN2 complex followed by rate-determining loss of nitrogen affording the reactive copper carbene. It reacts with trifluoromethyldiazomethane about 6.5 times faster than with 1-fluoroadamantane explaining the need for slow addition of the diazo compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd
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46
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Wu Y, Jiang Y, Wang F, Wang B, Chen C. Direct electrophilic and radical isoperfluoropropylation with i-C 3F 7-Iodine(III) reagent (PFPI reagent). Commun Chem 2023; 6:177. [PMID: 37620542 PMCID: PMC10449889 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The isoperfluoropropyl group (i-C3F7) is an emerging motif in pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals and functional materials. However, isoperfluoropropylated compounds remain largely underexplored, presumably due to the lack of efficient access to these compounds. Herein, we disclose the practical and efficient isoperfluoropropylation of aromatic C-H bonds through the invention of a hypervalent-iodine-based reagent-PFPI reagent, that proceeds via a Ag-X coupling process. The activation of the PFPI reagent without any catalysts or additives was demonstrated in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated electron-rich heterocycles, while its activity under photoredox catalysis was shown in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated non-activated arenes. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations revealed a SET-induced concerted mechanistic pathway in the photoredox reactions. In addition, the unique conformation of i-C3F7 in products, that involved intramolecular hydrogen bond was investigated by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and variable-temperature NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Seong CM, Roberts CC. Redox-Neutral Decarboxylative and Desulfonylative C(sp 3) Trifluoromethylation: Method Development and Mechanistic Inquiry. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Sodium triflinate (CF3SO2Na) is an inexpensive bench-stable radical CF3 source that is often activated by external oxidants such as peroxides. However, despite the commercial accessibility of CF3SO2Na, the salt has never been applied to decarboxylative trifluoromethylation due to challenges in controlled cross-radical coupling. We report a redox-neutral approach to decarboxylative C(sp3) trifluoromethylation of carboxylic acid derivatives. Mechanistic inquiry is performed to address the limitations in scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Seong
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Roberts
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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48
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Wang W, Chamoreau LM, Izzet G, Proust A, Orio M, Blanchard S. Multi-Electron Visible Light Photoaccumulation on a Dipyridylamine Copper(II)-Polyoxometalate Conjugate Applied to Photocatalytic Generation of CF 3 Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216360 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and characterization of an organic-inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate functionalized by a short link with a tripodal N-based ligand and its copper complex. Upon visible light irradiation, the latter is able to store up to three reducing equivalents. The locus of the reduction is discussed based on physicochemical measurements and DFT calculations. In the presence of Togni's reagent, this complex allows for the photocatalytic generation of CF3 radicals, opening the road to valuable synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Wang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lise-Marie Chamoreau
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Izzet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anna Proust
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR CNRS 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Blanchard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
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49
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Chen SY, Zheng YC, Liu XG, Song JL, Xiao L, Zhang SS. Synthesis of Indole-Substituted Trifluoromethyl Sulfonium Ylides by Cp*Rh(III)-Catalyzed Diazo-carbenoid Addition to Trifluoromethylthioether. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5512-5519. [PMID: 37011236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The indole-substituted trifluoromethyl sulfonium ylide has been developed via Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed diazo-carbenoid addition to trifluoromethylthioether and is the first example of an Rh(III)-catalyzed diazo-carbenoid addition reaction with trifluoromethylthioether. Several kinds of indole-substituted trifluoromethyl sulfonium ylide were constructed under mild reaction conditions. The reported method exhibited high functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope. In addition, the protocol was found to be complementary to the method disclosed by a Rh(II) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ge Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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50
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La-Ongthong K, Chantarojsiri T, Soorukram D, Leowanawat P, Reutrakul V, Kuhakarn C. Electrochemical trifluoromethylation of 2-isocyanobiaryls using CF 3SO 2Na: synthesis of 6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthridines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4225-4236. [PMID: 36880879 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient trifluoromethylation of 2-isocyanobiaryls was developed through the constant current electrolysis, employing sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2Na) as the trifluoromethyl source. The method enabled the syntheses of a series of 6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthridine derivatives in moderate to high yields under metal- and oxidant-free conditions. A gram-scale synthesis highlights the synthetic versatility of the reported protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika La-Ongthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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