1
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Wang MY, Zeng WL, Chen L, Yuan YF, Li W. Umpolung-Enabled Divergent Dearomative Carbonylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403917. [PMID: 38818640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three-dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π-bonds through umpolung of chromium-arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO-gas-free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late-stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Zou M, Kuruppu S, Emge TJ, Waldie KM. Metal- versus ligand-centered reactivity of a cobalt-phenylenediamide complex with electrophiles. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13174-13183. [PMID: 39045716 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A new series of [CoIII-CF3]n+ complexes supported by a bidentate redox-active ligand is presented. The cationic [Co-CF3]+ complex was first obtained by reacting [CpCo(tBuUreaopda)] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, opda = o-phenylenediamide) with an electrophilic trifluoromethyl source, for which the redox-active phenylenediamide ligand serves as a 2e- reservoir to generate [CpCp(tBuUreabqdi)(CF3)]+ (bqdi = benzoquinonediimine). Electrochemical studies of [Co-CF3]+ revealed two reversible 1e- reductions. Chemical reduction with 1 or 2 equiv. reducing agent enabled isolation of the neutral and anionic complexes, respectively, where the [CoIII-CF3] bond remains intact in all three oxidation states (n = +1, 0, -1). Structural analysis shows systematic changes to the redox-active ligand backbone upon reduction, consistent with sequential ligand-centered electron transfer in the series [bqdi]0 to [s-bqdi]˙- to [opda]2-. In contrast, the reaction of [CpCo(tBuUreaopda)] with alkyl triflates resulted in ligand-centered alkylation at the ureayl groups instead of the targeted Co-alkyl bond formation, suggesting less favorable bond formation at cobalt and greater nucleophilic accessibility of the ligand compared to the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Sewwandi Kuruppu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Kate M Waldie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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3
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Bouzbouz S. Fluoride-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Silylamides to CF 3-Acrylates: Access to Highly Functionalized Trifluoromethylated and Quaternary Fluorinated Molecular Architectures. Org Lett 2024; 26:6130-6135. [PMID: 39018383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A direct and simple catalytic coupling of nonfluorinated and fluorinated silylbutenamides with β-CF3 α,β-unsaturated esters mediated by fluoride ion was carried out. The transformation proceeded with excellent yields to afford new, highly functionalized trifluoromethylated and quaternary fluorinated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouzbouz
- CNRS, University of Rouen, INSA of Rouen, COBRA UMR 6014, 1 rue Lucien Tesnière, 76131 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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4
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Wang Y, Li SJ, Jiang F, Lan Y, Wang X. Making Full Use of TMSCF 3: Deoxygenative Trifluoromethylation/Silylation of Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19286-19294. [PMID: 38956888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most powerful trifluoromethylation reagents, (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3) has been widely used for the synthesis of fluorine-containing molecules. However, to the best of our knowledge, the simultaneous incorporation of both TMS- and CF3- groups of this reagent onto the same carbon of the products has not been realized. Herein, we report an unprecedented SmI2/Sm promoted deoxygenative difunctionalization of amides with TMSCF3, in which both silyl and trifluoromethyl groups are incorporated into the final product, yielding α-silyl-α-trifluoromethyl amines with high efficiency. Notably, the silyl group could be further transformed into other functional groups, providing a new method for the synthesis of α-quaternary α-CF3-amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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5
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Sagar K, Srimannarayana M, Teegala R, Merja BC, Pradhan TR, Park JK. Difluoroenoxysilane: Expanding Allenamide Hydrodifluoroalkylation for Diverse Carbon Frameworks. Org Lett 2024; 26:5676-5681. [PMID: 38922286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an effective route to access functionalizable fluorinated enamides characterized by their high regiospecificity around the allenamide. Synthetic applications of the resulting difluorocarbonyl-bearing enamide products were pursued through straightforward synthetic transformations to prepare unknown functionalized valuable halogenated O-heterocycles and C5 skeletons. Experimental mechanistic studies showed that hydrodifluoroalkylation occurs via a hidden Brønsted acid activation, thereby establishing a new electrophilic activation mode for allenamide through a conjugated iminium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiyala Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Malempati Srimannarayana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Raju Teegala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Bhailal C Merja
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Tapas R Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Chen D, Huang L, Liang M, Chen X, Cao D, Xiao P, Ni C, Hu J. 1,6-Nucleophilic Di- and Trifluoromethylation of para-Quinone Methides with Me 3SiCF 2H/Me 3SiCF 3 Facilitated by CsF/18-Crown-6. Molecules 2024; 29:2905. [PMID: 38930971 PMCID: PMC11206660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct 1,6-nucleophilic difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and difluoroalkylation of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with Me3SiRf (Rf = CF2H, CF3, CF2CF3, CF2COOEt, and CF2SPh) under mild conditions are described. Although Me3SiCF2H shows lower reactivity than Me3SiCF3, it can react with p-QMs promoted by CsF/18-Crown-6 to give structurally diverse difluoromethyl products in good yields. The products can then be further converted into fluoroalkylated para-quinone methides and α-fluoroalkylated diarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingben Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Pan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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7
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Heinrich G, Kondratiuk M, Gooßen LJ, Wiesenfeldt MP. Rapid reaction optimization by robust and economical quantitative benchtop 19F NMR spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1529-1556. [PMID: 38409535 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The instrumental analysis of reaction mixtures is usually the rate-determining step in the optimization of chemical processes. Traditionally, reactions are analyzed by gas chromatography, HPLC or quantitative NMR spectroscopy on high-field spectrometers. However, chromatographic methods require elaborate work-up and calibration protocols, and high-field NMR spectrometers are expensive to purchase and operate. This protocol describes an inexpensive and highly effective analysis method based on low-field benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Its key feature is the use of fluorine-labeled model substrates that, because of the wide chemical shift range and high sensitivity of 19F, enable separate, quantitative detection of product and by-product signals even on low-field, permanent magnet spectrometers. An external lock/shim device obviates the need for deuterated solvents, permitting the direct, noninvasive measurement of crude reaction mixtures with minimal workup. The low field-strength facilitates a homogeneous excitation over a wide chemical shift range, minimizing systematic integration errors. The addition of the optimal amount of the nonshifting relaxation agent tris(acetylacetonato) iron(III) minimizes relaxation delays at full resolution, reducing the analysis time to 32 s per sample. The correct choice of processing parameters is also crucial. A step-by-step guideline is provided, the influence of all parameters, including adjustments needed when using high-field spectrometers, is discussed and potential pitfalls are highlighted. The wide applicability of the analytical protocol for reaction optimization is illustrated by three examples: a Buchwald-Hartwig amination, a Suzuki coupling and a C-H arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Heinrich
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kondratiuk
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L J Gooßen
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M P Wiesenfeldt
- Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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8
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Wang Z, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Photocatalytic Keto- and Amino-Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1980-1984. [PMID: 38421197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to develop alternatives to triflic anhydride (Tf2O) as a trifluoromethylation reagent continue due to its limitations, including volatility, corrosiveness, and moisture sensitivity. Described herein is the use of a trifluoromethylsulfonylpyridinium salt (TFSP), easily obtained by a one-step reaction of Tf2O with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, as a reagent for the trifluoromethylative difunctionalization of alkenes by photoredox catalysis. DMSO and CH3CN are suitable solvents for achieving keto- and amino-trifluoromethylation of alkenes, respectively, with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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9
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Xie Q, Hu J. A Journey of the Development of Privileged Difluorocarbene Reagents TMSCF 2X (X = Br, F, Cl) for Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:693-713. [PMID: 38354302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAs fluorine has played an increasingly important role in modulating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, the selective introduction of fluorine atom(s) or fluorinated moieties into target molecules has become a powerful tool in the development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In this context, the difluoromethylene (CF2) and difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups are of special interest because of their ability to serve as bioisosteres of ethereal oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) groups, respectively. Difluorocarbene is one of the most versatile reactive intermediates to incorporate CF2 and CF2H groups; however, before 2006, most of the previously known difluorocarbene reagents suffered from several drawbacks such as using ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), difficult-to-handle reagents, or harsh reaction conditions or having narrow substrate scope and/or low yields. Moreover, the reactivity of difluorocarbene generated from different precursors (reagents) was often unpredictable, since the difluorocarbene generation conditions (activation modes) of various difluorocarbene precursors are different, and these conditions may mismatch those required for subsequent difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly and versatile difluorocarbene reagents, as well as the investigation of the mechanistic insights into difluorocarbene-involved reactions, has been highly desirable.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. We have developed seven new difluorocarbene reagents, including 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone (1), chlorodifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone (2), S-difluoromethyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulfoximine (3), difluoromethyltri(n-butyl)ammonium chloride (4), (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl, 5), (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Br, 6), and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, 7). In this journey, we realized the key factor for an ideal difluorocarbene reagent that can be used for a broad range of reactions, that is, the reagent should allow various activation modes for the generation of difluorocarbene species, such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents, which are compatible with a wide range of difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Among all known difluorocarbene reagents, silanes TMSCF2X (X = Br, F, Cl) have stood out as privileged ones, which paves a new avenue for further developing difluorocarbene chemistry. In particular, TMSCF2Br was recognized as an "all-rounder": TMSCF2Br can be applied in almost all common difluorocarbene-involved reactions, and more importantly, TMSCF2Br also enables many other novel transformations that other difluorocarbene reagents cannot achieve, thanks to its unique structure and rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions. It can be expected that with the commercial availability of TMSCF2X reagents (X = Br, F, Cl) now, the development of difluorocarbene chemistry will be accelerated in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Waddell LJN, Wilson C, Sutherland A. Trifluoromethylthiolation of Arenes Using Lewis Acid and Lewis Base Dual Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1275-1284. [PMID: 38156642 PMCID: PMC10804413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Incorporation of the highly lipophilic trifluoromethanesulfenyl group into bioactive molecules facilitates transport through lipid membranes, and thus, CF3S-containing compounds are important for drug discovery. Although reagents and procedures have been reported for arene trifluoromethylthiolation, methods are still required that are applicable to a diverse substrate scope and can be performed under mild conditions. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient approach for the trifluoromethylthiolation of arenes by catalytic activation of N-trifluoromethylthiosaccharin using a combination of iron(III) chloride and diphenyl selenide. This dual catalytic process allowed regioselective functionalization of a wide range of arenes and N-heterocycles under mild conditions and was used for the trifluoromethylthiolation of bioactive compounds such as tyrosine and estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J N Waddell
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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11
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Minshull H, Lloyd-Jones GC. TMSCF 3-Mediated Conversion of Salicylates into α,α-Difluoro-3-coumaranones: Chain Kinetics, Anion-Speciation, and Mechanism. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17450-17460. [PMID: 38041656 PMCID: PMC10729029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
As reported by Zhao, the TBAT ([Ph3SiF2]-[Bu4N]+)-initiated reaction of ethyl salicylate with TMSCF3 in THF generates α,α-difluoro-3-coumaranones via the corresponding O-silylated ethoxy ketals. The mechanism has been investigated by in situ 19F and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, CF2-trapping, competition, titration, and comparison of the kinetics with the 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-fluoro ethyl salicylate analogues and their O-silylated derivatives. The process evolves in five distinct stages, each arising from a discrete array of anion speciations that modulate a sequence of silyl-transfer chain reactions. The deconvolution of coupled equilibria between salicylate, [CF3]-, and siliconate [Me3Si(CF3)2]- anions allowed the development of a kinetic model that accounts for the first three stages. The model provides valuable practical insights. For example, it explains how the initial concentrations of the TMSCF3 and salicylate and the location of electron-withdrawing salicylate ring substituents profoundly impact the overall viability of the process, how stoichiometric CF3H generation can be bypassed by using the O-silylated salicylate, and how the very slow liberation of the α,α-difluoro-3-coumaranone can be rapidly accelerated by evaporative or aqueous workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah
B. Minshull
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
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12
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Li JH, Jiang M, Liu JT. The perfluoroalkylthiolation/decarbonylation reaction of 1,3-diketones with perfluoroalkanesulfenic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9416-9421. [PMID: 37987339 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01482g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The perfluoroalkylthiolation/decarbonylation reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with in situ formed perfluoroalkanesulfenic acids were achieved. Using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as an additive, a series of α-perfluoroalkylthiolated arylethanones were obtained in moderate to good yields. A possible mechanism was proposed based on the reaction results and control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Tao Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Kuehner C, Hill AG, Harris CF, Owens CA, Bacsa J, Soper JD. Catalytic C-H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Visible Light Photoexcitation of a Co(III)-CF 3 Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:13607-13617. [PMID: 37881792 PMCID: PMC10594583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt photocatalyst for direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arene C(sp2)-H bonds is described and shown to operate via visible light activation of a Co-CF3 intermediate, which functions as a combined chromophore and organometallic reaction center. Chemical oxidations of previously reported (OCO)Co complexes containing a redox-active [OCO] pincer ligand afford a Co-CF3 complex two oxidation states above Co(II). Computational and spectroscopic studies are consistent with formulation of the product as [(OCO•)CoIII(CF3)(THF)(OTf)] (II) containing an open-shell [OCO•]1- radical ligand bound to a S = 0 Co(III) center. II is thermodynamically stable, but exposure to blue (440 nm) light induces Co-CF3 bond homolysis and release of •CF3, which is trapped by radical acceptors including TEMPO•, (hetero)arenes, or the radical [OCO•] ligand in II. The latter comprises a competitive degradation pathway, which is overcome under catalytic conditions by using excess substrate. Accordingly, generation of II from the reaction of [(OCO)CoIIL] (III) (L = THF, MeCN) with Umemoto's dibenzothiophenium trifluoromethylating reagent (1) followed by photolytic Co-CF3 bond activation completes a photoredox catalytic cycle for C-H (hetero)arene trifluoromethylation utilizing visible light. Electronic structure and photophysical studies, including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, suggest that Co-CF3 bond homolysis at II occurs via an ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) (OCO0)CoII(CF3) state, revealing ligand redox activity as a critical design feature and establishing design principles for the use of base metal chromophores for selectivity in photoredox bond activations occurring via free radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
S. Kuehner
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew G. Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Caleb F. Harris
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Christian A. Owens
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- X-ray
Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jake D. Soper
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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14
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Sumii Y, Shibata N. Current State of Microflow Trifluoromethylation Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300117. [PMID: 37309300 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group is a powerful structural motif in drugs and polymers; thus, developing trifluoromethylation reactions is an important area of research in organic chemistry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in developing new methods for the trifluoromethylation of organic molecules, ranging from nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches to transition-metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrolytic reactions. While these reactions were initially developed in batch systems, more recent microflow versions are highly attractive for industrial applications owing to their scalability, safety, and time efficiency. In this review, we discuss the current state of microflow trifluoromethylation. Approaches for microflow trifluoromethylation based on different trifluoromethylation reagents are described, including continuous flow, flow photochemical, microfluidic electrochemical reactions, and large-scale microflow reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sumii
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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15
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Dasari M, Pelly SC, Geng J, Gold HB, Pribut N, Sharma SK, D’Erasmo MP, Bartsch PW, Sun C, Toti K, Arnold RS, Petros JA, Xu L, Jiang Y, Miller EJ, Liotta DC. Discovery of 5'-Substituted 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine Monophosphate Analogs: A Novel Class of Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:702-709. [PMID: 37200809 PMCID: PMC10186355 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil-based prodrugs have been used clinically for decades to treat cancer. Their anticancer effects are most prominently ascribed to inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by metabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP). However, 5-fluorouracil and FdUMP are subject to numerous unfavorable metabolic events that can drive undesired systemic toxicity. Our previous research on antiviral nucleotides suggested that substitution at the nucleoside 5'-carbon imposes conformational restrictions on the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates, rendering them poor substrates for productive intracellular conversion to viral polymerase-inhibiting triphosphate metabolites. Accordingly, we hypothesized that 5'-substituted analogs of FdUMP, which is uniquely active at the monophosphate stage, would inhibit TS while preventing undesirable metabolism. Free energy perturbation-derived relative binding energy calculations suggested that 5'(R)-CH3 and 5'(S)-CF3 FdUMP analogs would maintain TS potency. Herein, we report our computational design strategy, synthesis of 5'-substituted FdUMP analogs, and pharmacological assessment of TS inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Dasari
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Stephen C. Pelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiafeng Geng
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hannah B. Gold
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nicole Pribut
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Savita K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael P. D’Erasmo
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Perry W. Bartsch
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Carrie Sun
- Department
of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kiran Toti
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rebecca S. Arnold
- Department
of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John A. Petros
- Department
of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lingjie Xu
- Junrui
Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Junrui
Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Eric J. Miller
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University College of
Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Winship
Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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16
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Popov AV, Kobelevskaya VA, Borodin NI, Zinchenko SV. α,β-Unsaturated CF3-ketones via secondary amine salts-catalyzed aldol condensation of 1,1,1-trufluoroacetone with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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17
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Chang W, Lei Z, Yang Y, Dai S, Feng J, Yang J, Zhang Z. Tandem Reaction of Azide with Isonitrile and TMSC nF m(H): Access to N-Functionalized C-Fluoroalkyl Amidine. Org Lett 2023; 25:1392-1396. [PMID: 36861965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
N-Functionalized C-fluoroalkyl amidines are attracting great attention due to their potential in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report a Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction of azide with isonitrile and fluoroalkylsilane via a carbodiimide intermediate, providing facile access to N-functionalized C-fluoroalkyl amidines. This protocol offers an approach toward not only N-sulphonyl, N-phosphoryl, N-acyl, and N-aryl but also C-CF3, C2F5, and CF2H amidines with a broad substrate scope. The accomplishment of further transformations and Celebrex derivatization in gram scale and biological evaluation reveals the important utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Chang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zizhen Lei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sibo Dai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiyao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
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18
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Xing S, Lan H, Chen X, Bai Y, Shao X. β-Trifluorosulfinylesters: tuneable reagents for switchable trifluoromethylsulfinylation and C–H trifluoromethylthiolation. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
β-Trifluorosulfinylesters, a family of novel reagents from commercially available starting materials for direct trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylsulfinylation were developed.
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19
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Zheng J, Wu Y, Cao D, Song S, Yang Y, Huang L, Chen D. Direct Difluoromethylation of 2-Arylidenindan-1,3-dione by Photoredox-catalyzed Radical Addition. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Ma R, Ren Y, Deng Z, Wang KH, Wang J, Huang D, Hu Y, Lv X. Visible Light Promotes Cascade Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization, Leading to Trifluoromethylated Polycyclic Quinazolinones, Benzimidazoles and Indoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238389. [PMID: 36500485 PMCID: PMC9737949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient visible-light-induced radical cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclization of inactivated alkenes with CF3Br, which is a nonhygroscopic, noncorrosive, cheap and industrially abundant chemical, was developed in this work, producing trifluoromethyl polycyclic quinazolinones, benzimidazoles and indoles under mild reaction conditions. The method features wide functional group compatibility and a broad substrate scope, offering a facile strategy to pharmaceutically produce valuable CF3-containing polycyclic aza-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ransong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhoubin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaobo Lv
- Shanghai Sinofluoro Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201321, China
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21
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Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Giovanelli R, Castiñeira Reis M, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211732. [PMID: 36161744 PMCID: PMC9828748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2 -Csp3 bond forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
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22
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Liao L, Zhang Y, Wu ZW, Ye ZT, Zhang XX, Chen G, Yu JS. Nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoroalkylation of 1,3-dienes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12519-12526. [PMID: 36382272 PMCID: PMC9629049 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly enantio- and regio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoro(methyl)alkylation of 1,3-dienes was developed using redox-neutral nickel catalysis. It provided a facile strategy to construct diverse monofluoromethyl- or monofluoroalkyl-containing chiral allylic molecules. Notably, this represents the first catalytic asymmetric Markovnikov hydrofluoroalkylation of olefins. The practicability of this methodology is further highlighted by its broad substrate scope, mild base-free conditions, excellent enantio- and regio-selectivity, and diversified product elaborations to access useful fluorinated building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhong-Tian Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xue-Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
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23
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Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Monoterpene Amino Alcohols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207068. [PMID: 36296661 PMCID: PMC9607099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, monoterpene trifluoromethylated β-hydroxy-benzyl-O-oximes were synthesized in 81–95% yields by nucleophilic addition of the Ruppert–Prakash reagent (TMSCF3) to the corresponding β-keto-benzyl-O-oximes based on (+)-nopinone, (−)-verbanone and (+)-camphoroquinone. Trifluoromethylation has been determined to entirely proceed chemo- and stereoselective at the C=O rather than C=N bond. Trifluoromethylated benzyl-O-oximes were reduced to the corresponding α-trifluoromethyl-β-amino alcohols in 82–88% yields. The structure and configuration of the compounds obtained have been established.
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24
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Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Recent advances in the synthesis of fluoroalkylated compounds using fluoroalkyl anhydrides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Wang MY, Wu CJ, Zeng WL, Jiang X, Li W. Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Cheng-Jie Wu
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Xu Jiang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
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27
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Baguia H, Evano G. Direct Perfluoroalkylation of C−H Bonds in (Hetero)arenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200975. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Baguia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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28
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Yamamoto Y, Nakazato Y, Tadano R, Yasui T. Combined Computational and Experimental Study on [5 + 2] Cycloaddition of 2-Trifluoromethylated Oxidopyrylium Species Leading to 1-(Trifluoromethyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10216-10228. [PMID: 35849440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylation of furfural using the Ruppert-Prakash reagent (TMSCF3) and subsequent photo-Achmatowicz reaction afforded 6-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one. After acetylation, the resultant 6-acetoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one was transformed into various 1-(trifluoromethyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one derivatives through a base-mediated oxidopyrylium [5 + 2] cycloaddition. The reactivity and selectivity of the 2-trifluoromethylated oxidopyrylium species toward [5 + 2] cycloaddition were analyzed using density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakazato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryu Tadano
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasui
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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29
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Senatore R, Malik M, Pace V. Fluoroiodomethane: A CH2F‐Moiety Delivering Agent Suitable for Nucleophilic‐, Electrophilic‐ and Radical‐Harnessed Operations. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Sheldon DJ, Crimmin MR. Repurposing of F-gases: challenges and opportunities in fluorine chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4977-4995. [PMID: 35616085 PMCID: PMC9207706 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated gases (F-gases) are routinely employed as refrigerants, blowing agents, and electrical insulators. These volatile compounds are potent greenhouse gases and consequently their release to the environment creates a significant contribution to global warming. This review article seeks to summarise: (i) the current applications of F-gases, (ii) the environmental issues caused by F-gases, (iii) current methods of destruction of F-gases and (iv) recent work in the field towards the chemical repurposing of F-gases. There is a great opportunity to tackle the environmental and sustainability issues created by F-gases by developing reactions that repurpose these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sheldon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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31
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Patra K, Reddy MK, Mallik S, Baidya M. Divergent Reaction of Activated Pyridines with α,α-Difluorinated gem-Diols: Regioselective Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated Dihydropyridines and Dihydropyridones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4014-4018. [PMID: 35613433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic reactivity of α,α-difluorinated gem-diols toward activated pyridinium salts has been capitalized in a highly regioselective fashion, offering biologically relevant 1,4-dihydropyridines and 3,4-dihydro-2-pyridones adorned with the valuable gem-difluoromethylene motif. The protocol is scalable as well as high yielding and accommodates a broad range of substrates and functional groups. Additionally, the synthesis of difluorinated oxa-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane frameworks has been showcased through product diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mallu Kesava Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Allylic substitution reactions with fluorinated nucleophiles. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Synthesis, reactivity and X-ray crystal structure of tris(pentafluorophenyl)silanol (C6F5)3SiOH. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Kim DS, Yoshizawa K, Mitasev B, Schnaderbeck M, Zhang H, Omori M, Kayano A, Nagai M, Wakasugi K, Watanabe Y, Benayoud F, Suzuki Y, Motoki T, Kaneko T, Takaishi M, Ishida T, Takeda K, Kita Y, Yamamoto N, Khan A, Dimopoulos P, Farthing CN, Hall A, Chanda A, Lu L, Bracke M, Fang FG. Synthesis of BACE1 Inhibitors E2609/ E2071 via Oxime–Olefin Cycloaddition Following a Process Risk Mitigation Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Shik Kim
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshizawa
- API Research Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Units, Medicine Creation Center, Eisai Company, Limited, 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Branko Mitasev
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Matthew Schnaderbeck
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Masayuki Omori
- API Research Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Units, Medicine Creation Center, Eisai Company, Limited, 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Akio Kayano
- API Research Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Units, Medicine Creation Center, Eisai Company, Limited, 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagai
- API Research Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Units, Medicine Creation Center, Eisai Company, Limited, 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Kazunori Wakasugi
- API Research Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Units, Medicine Creation Center, Eisai Company, Limited, 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yuzo Watanabe
- API Research Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Units, Medicine Creation Center, Eisai Company, Limited, 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Farid Benayoud
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Yuichi Suzuki
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Takafumi Motoki
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kaneko
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takaishi
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ishida
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Takeda
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kita
- Neurology Business Group Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tokodai, 5-1-3 Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Eisai Europe Limited, EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Afzal Khan
- Eisai Europe Limited, EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Paschalis Dimopoulos
- Eisai Europe Limited, EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N. Farthing
- Eisai Europe Limited, EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hall
- Eisai Europe Limited, EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9SN, United Kingdom
| | - Arani Chanda
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Lily Lu
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Markus Bracke
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Francis G. Fang
- Eisai Incorporated, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
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35
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Synthesis of Monosubstituted Trifluoromethylated Derivatives of 2H-thiete, Dihydrothiophenes, and 2H-thiopyrans. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Koyama M, Akiyama M, Kashiwagi K, Nozaki K, Okazoe T. Synthesis of Crystalline CF 3 -Rich Perfluoropolyethers from Hexafluoropropylene Oxide and (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200038. [PMID: 35257433 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a CF3 -rich perfluoropolyether (PFPE) was achieved via the fluoride-catalyzed reaction of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3 , so-called Ruppert-Prakash reagent). Nucleophilic addition of a CF3 anion to HFPO affords an acyl fluoride via the ring-opening of HFPO, followed by fluoride elimination. Further addition of CF3 anions to the acyl fluoride gives tertiary perfluoroalkoxide, which attacks HFPO to regenerate an acyl fluoride. Repetition of the sequence via substitution-polymerization afforded a new PFPE as a solid, whose structure was confirmed using 19 F NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed a crystalline character. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of crystalline PFPE. Based on contact-angle measurements, the critical surface tension of this solid PFPE (13.4 mN m-1 ) suggests a water- and oil-repellency of this CF3 -rich PFPE that is higher than that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; 18.5 mN m-1 ). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Koyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Midori Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Kashiwagi
- Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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37
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Wen Z, Salmaso V, Jung YH, Phung NB, Gopinatth V, Shah Q, Patterson AT, Randle JCR, Chen Z, Salvemini D, Lieberman DI, Whitehead GS, Karcz TP, Cook DN, Jacobson KA. Bridged Piperidine Analogues of a High Affinity Naphthalene-Based P2Y 14R Antagonist. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3434-3459. [PMID: 35113556 PMCID: PMC8881401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High affinity phenyl-piperidine P2Y14R antagonist 1 (PPTN) was modified with piperidine bridging moieties to probe receptor affinity and hydrophobicity. Various 2-azanorbornane, nortropane, isonortropane, isoquinuclidine, and ring-opened cyclopentylamino derivatives preserved human P2Y14R affinity (fluorescence binding assay), and their pharmacophoric overlay was compared. Enantiomeric 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one precursors assured stereochemically unambiguous, diverse products. Pure (S,S,S) 2-azanorbornane enantiomer 15 (MRS4738) displayed higher affinity than 1 (3-fold higher affinity than enantiomer 16) and in vivo antihyperallodynic and antiasthmatic activity. Its double prodrug 143 (MRS4815) dramatically reduced lung inflammation in a mouse asthma model. Related lactams 21-24 and dicarboxylate 42 displayed intermediate affinity and enhanced aqueous solubility. Isoquinuclidine 34 (IC50 15.6 nM) and isonortropanol 30 (IC50 21.3 nM) had lower lipophilicity than 1. In general, rigidified piperidine derivatives did not lower lipophilicity dramatically, except those rings with multiple polar groups. P2Y14R molecular modeling based on a P2Y12R structure showed stable and persistent key interactions for compound 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wen
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Young-Hwan Jung
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ngan B. Phung
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Varun Gopinatth
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Qasim Shah
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Alexandra T. Patterson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John C. R. Randle
- Random Walk Ventures, LLC, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - David I. Lieberman
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gregory S. Whitehead
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tadeusz P. Karcz
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States; Present Address: Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Donald N. Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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38
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Wilson KB, Nedzbala HS, Simpson SR, Ericson MN, Westendorff KS, Chordia MD, Dickie DA, Harman WD. Hydroamination of Dihapto-Coordinated Benzene and Diene Complexes of Tungsten: Fundamental Studies and the Synthesis of γ-Lycorane. Helv Chim Acta 2022; 104. [PMID: 35125509 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactions are described for complexes of the form WTp(NO)(PMe3)(η2-arene) and various amines, where the arene is benzene or benzene with an electron-withdrawing substituent (CF3, SO2Ph, SO2Me). The arene complex is first protonated to form an η2-arenium species, which then selectively adds the amine. The resulting η2-5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadiene complexes can then be subjected to the same sequence with a second nucleophile to form 3-aminocyclohexene complexes, where up to three stereocenters originate from the arene carbons. Alternatively, 1,3-cyclohexadiene complexes containing an ester group at the 5 position (also prepared from an arene) can be treated with acid followed by an amine to form trisubstituted 3-aminocyclohexenes. When the amine is primary, ring closure can occur to form a cis-fused bicyclic γ-lactam. Highly functionalized cyclohexenes can be liberated from the tungsten through oxidative decomplexation. The potential utility of this methodology is demonstrated in the synthesis of the alkaloid γ-lycorane. An enantioenriched synthesis of a lactam precursor to γ-lycorane is also described. This compound is prepared from an enantioenriched version of the tungsten benzene complex. Regio- and stereochemical assignments for the reported compounds are supported by detailed 2D-NMR analysis and 13 molecular structure determinations (SC-XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy B Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Hannah S Nedzbala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Spenser R Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Megan N Ericson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Karl S Westendorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - W Dean Harman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
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39
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Murtaza A, Qamar MA, Saleem K, Hardwick T, Zia Ul Haq, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Renewable Electricity Enables Green Routes to Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100296. [PMID: 35103382 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of chemicals using renewable electricity and when generating high atom economies are considered green and sustainable processes. In the present state of affairs, electrochemical manufacturing of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is not as common place as it could be and therefore, merits more attention. There is also a need to turn attention toward the electrochemical synthesis of valuable chemicals from recyclable greenhouse gases that can accelerate the process of circular economy. CO2 emissions are the major contributor to human-induced global warming. CO2 conversion into chemicals is a valuable application of its utilisation and will contribute to circular economy while maintaining environmental sustainability. Herein, we present an overview of electro-carboxylation, including mechanistic aspects, which forms carboxylic acids using molecular carbon dioxide. We also discuss atom economies of electrochemical fluorination, methoxylation and amide formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Qamar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Kaynat Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Tomas Hardwick
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zia Ul Haq
- Chemical Engineering department, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | | | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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40
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Duvauchelle V, Bénimélis D, Meffre P, Benfodda Z. Catalyst-Free Site Selective Hydroxyalkylation of 5-Phenylthiophen-2-amine with α-Trifluoromethyl Ketones through Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030925. [PMID: 35164190 PMCID: PMC8839828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An original and effective approach for achieving trifluoromethyl hydroxyalkylation of 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine using α-trifluoromethyl ketones is described. In the last few years, reaction of Friedel-Crafts had been widely used to realize hydroxyalkylation on heterocycles such as indoles or thiophenes by means of Lewis acid as catalyst. Additionally, amine functions are rarely free when carbonyl reagents are used because of their tendency to form imines. This is the first time that a site-selective electrophilic aromatic substitution on C3 atom of an unprotected 5-phenylthiophen-2-amine moiety is reported. The liberty to allow reaction in neutral conditions between free amine is valuable in a synthesis pathway. The reaction proceeds smoothly using an atom-economical metal-and catalyst-free methodology in good to excellent yields. A mechanism similar to an electrophilic aromatic substitution has been proposed.
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41
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Luo X, Wang S, Lei A. Electrochemical‐induced hydroxysulfonylation of α‐CF3 alkenes to access tertiary β‐hydroxysulfones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Zhu B, Zhang T, Yu Y, Pan D, Mao H, Zhu G, Chang J. Sythesis of γ-hydroxy-γ-perfluoroalkyl butenolides and exocyclic double bond butanolides via regioselective allylic alkylations of MBH carbonates with 2-perfluoroalkyl-oxazol-5(2H)-ones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, two general one-pot two-step methods for the preparation of γ-hydroxyl-γ-perfluoromethyl butenolides and γ- hydroxyl-γ-perfluoromethyl exocyclic double bond butanolides from Morita−Baylis−Hillman (MBH) carbonates with 2-perfluoroalkyl-oxazol-5(2H)-ones have been reported for the...
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43
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Han T, Wang KH, Yang M, Zhao P, Wang F, Wang J, Huang D, Hu Y. Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Pyrazoles by the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Difluoroacetohydrazonoyl Bromides. J Org Chem 2021; 87:498-511. [PMID: 34913680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As novel and efficient difluoromethyl building blocks, difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides have been synthesized for the first time. The synthetic utility of this reagent for the construction of difluoromethyl organic compounds is demonstrated by their effective regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with ynones, alkynoates, and ynamides. The reactions provide a novel and efficient protocol to access difluoromethyl-substituted pyrazoles in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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44
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Baishya G, Dutta NB. Recent Advances in Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of N‐Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Nibedita B. Dutta
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001 India
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45
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Leverenz M, Masson G, Pardo DG, Cossy J. Synthesis of Azocanes from Piperidines via an Azetidinium Intermediate. Chemistry 2021; 27:16325-16328. [PMID: 34643301 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
α-Trifluoromethyl azocanes are accessible from 2-(trifluoropropan-2-ol) piperidines by metal-free ring-expansion involving a bicyclic azetidinium intermediate. The opening of the azetidinium intermediate was achieved by various nucleophiles (amines, alcoholates, carboxylates, phosphonates, halides and pseudo-halides) with an excellent regio- diastereo- and enantioselectivity and in good yields. The relative configuration of the piperidines and azocanes were assigned and the deprotected azocanes offer opportunities for further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Leverenz
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Domingo Gomez Pardo
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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46
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Yerien DE, Lantaño B, Barata‐Vallejo S, Postigo A. Catalytic Fluoroalkylation Reactions of Alkoxy‐substituted (Hetero)Arenes. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian E. Yerien
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junín 954 CP 1113 Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Beatriz Lantaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junín 954 CP 1113 Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sebastián Barata‐Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junín 954 CP 1113 Buenos Aires Argentina
- ISOF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junín 954 CP 1113 Buenos Aires Argentina
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47
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Wang X, Sun X, Li N, Chen J, Zhang H, Deng H, Lin JH, Cao W. The synthesis of perfluoroalkylated indolizines via tandem cyclization/aromatization. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Levin VV, Dilman AD. One-pot synthesis of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes from aryl ketones and the Ruppert–Prakash reagent. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Sivaguru P, Bi X. Fluoroalkyl N-sulfonyl hydrazones: An efficient reagent for the synthesis of fluoroalkylated compounds. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Hu Y, Ye L, Chen J, Zhang H, Deng H, Lin J, Cao W. An Efficient Construction of CF
3
‐Substituted Spirooxindole‐Fused Benzo[a]quinolizidines by a Three‐Component Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Hu
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Liufeiyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Instrumental Analysis and Research Center Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Deng
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Instrumental Analysis and Research Center Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Hong Lin
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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