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Hassan F, Tang Y, Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Photochromic Carbon Nanomaterials: An Emerging Class of Light-Driven Hybrid Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401912. [PMID: 38847224 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules have remarkable potential in memory and optical devices, as well as in driving and manipulating molecular motors or actuators and many other systems using light. When photochromic molecules are introduced into carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), the resulting hybrids provide unique advantages and create new functions that can be employed in specific applications and devices. This review highlights the recent developments in diverse photochromic CNMs. Photochromic molecules and CNMs are also introduced. The fundamentals of different photochromic CNMs are discussed, including design principles and the types of interactions between CNMs and photochromic molecules via covalent interactions and non-covalent bonding such as π-π stacking, amphiphilic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding. Then the properties of photochromic CNMs, e.g., in photopatterning, fluorescence modulation, actuation, and photoinduced surface-relief gratings, and their applications in energy storage (solar thermal fuels, photothermal batteries, and supercapacitors), nanoelectronics (transistors, molecular junctions, photo-switchable conductance, and photoinduced electron transfer), sensors, and bioimaging are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the future of photochromic CNMs is presented. This review discusses a vibrant interdisciplinary research field and is expected to stimulate further developments in nanoscience, advanced nanotechnology, intelligently responsive materials, and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathy Hassan
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, El-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
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2
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Bag SK, Pal A, Jana S, Thakur A. Recent Advances on Diarylethene-Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400238. [PMID: 38578057 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo-dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE-based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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3
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Geng X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yan W, Xu Z, Chen J, Zhao L. Theoretical Investigation on the Reversible Photoswitch Mechanism of Benzylidene-Oxazolone System. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400250. [PMID: 38820005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The design and application of molecular photoswitches have attracted much attention. Herein, we performed a detailed computational study on the photoswitch benzylidene-oxazolone system based on static electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly excited-state dynamic simulations. For the Z and E isomer, we located six and four minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) between the first excited state (S1) and the ground state (S0), respectively. Among them, the relaxation pathway driven by ring-puckering motion is the most competitive channel with the photoisomeization process, leading to the low photoisomerization quantum yield. In the dynamic simulations, about 88 % and 66 % trajectories decay from S1 to S0 for Z and E isomer, respectively, within the total simulation time of ~2 ps. The photoisomeization quantum yields obtained in our study (0.20 for Z→E and 0.12 for E→Z) agree well with the experimental measured values (0.25 and 0.11), even though the number of trajectories is limited to 50. Our study sheds light on the complexity of the benzylidene-oxazolone system 's deactivation process and the competitive mechanisms among different reaction channels, which provides theoretical guidance for further design and development of benzylidene-oxazolone based molecular photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Geng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, KøbenhavnØ, Denmark
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
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4
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Ding S, Lv X, Xia Y, Liu Y. Fluorescent Materials Based on Spiropyran for Advanced Anti-Counterfeiting and Information Encryption. Molecules 2024; 29:2536. [PMID: 38893412 PMCID: PMC11173752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In daily life, counterfeit and substandard products, particularly currency, medicine, food, and confidential documents, are capable of bringing about very serious consequences. The development of anti-counterfeiting and authentication technologies with multilevel securities is a powerful means to overcome this challenge. Among various anti-counterfeiting technologies, fluorescent anti-counterfeiting technology is well-known and commonly used to fight counterfeiters due to its wide material source, low cost, simple usage, good concealment, and simple response mechanism. Spiropyran is favored by scientists in the fields of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption due to its reversible photochromic property. Here, we summarize the current available spiropyran-based fluorescent materials from design to anti-counterfeiting applications. This review will be help scientists to design and develop fluorescent anti-counterfeiting materials with high security, high performance, quick response, and high anti-counterfeiting level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (S.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (S.D.); (X.L.)
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5
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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Rather AM, Vallabhuneni S, Pyrch AJ, Barrubeeah M, Pillai S, Taassob A, Castellano FN, Kota AK. Color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3735. [PMID: 38702308 PMCID: PMC11068873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Color morphing refers to color change in response to an environmental stimulus. Photochromic materials allow color morphing in response to light, but almost all photochromic materials suffer from degradation when exposed to moist/humid environments or harsh chemical environments. One way of overcoming this challenge is by imparting chemical shielding to the color morphing materials via superomniphobicity. However, simultaneously imparting color morphing and superomniphobicity, both surface properties, requires a rational design. In this work, we systematically design color morphing surfaces with superomniphobicity through an appropriate combination of a photochromic dye, a low surface energy material, and a polymer in a suitable solvent (for one-pot synthesis), applied through spray coating (for the desired texture). We also investigate the influence of polymer polarity and material composition on color morphing kinetics and superomniphobicity. Our color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding can be designed with a wide variety of photochromic and thermochromic pigments and applied on a wide variety of substrates. We envision that such surfaces will have a wide range of applications including camouflage soldier fabrics/apparel for chem-bio warfare, color morphing soft robots, rewritable color patterns, optical data storage, and ophthalmic sun screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Majeed Rather
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sravanthi Vallabhuneni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Austin J Pyrch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Mohammed Barrubeeah
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sreekiran Pillai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Arsalan Taassob
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Arun Kumar Kota
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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7
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Wang X, Yu H, Yang R, Li B, Wang M, Xu B, Tian W. Fluorescence Switching and Photoisomerization of a Spiropyran Molecular Photoswitch through Confined Spaces Regulation in Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4224-4228. [PMID: 38602419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Spiropyran (SP) and its derivatives are highly attractive owing to their distinctive merits in high contrast and fast response read-out systems. However, the realization of photoswitching properties of SP is hindered in the aggregate state, particularly in crystals owing to the dense packing of molecules leading to insufficient study of the relationship between the molecular structure/stacking mode and photoswitching behavior. Herein, we report three SP derivatives: different flexible chains (carboxyl group for SP-0 and ester group for SP-1) are attached to the indoline moiety, while the ester group is attached to the chromene moiety for SP-2. SP-1 exhibits fluorescent photoswitching properties in crystals due to the weak intermolecular interactions resulting in enough free space for the photoisomerization. The presence of hydrogen bonds in SP-0 enhances the molecular interactions to restrict the photoisomerization, and the ester group of SP-2 impacts the thermodynamic properties, thereby limiting the realization of photoswitching of SP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Runqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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8
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Hrebonkin A, Afonin S, Nikitjuka A, Borysov OV, Leitis G, Babii O, Koniev S, Lorig T, Grage SL, Nick P, Ulrich AS, Jirgensons A, Komarov IV. Spiropyran-Based Photoisomerizable α-Amino Acid for Membrane-Active Peptide Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400066. [PMID: 38366887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene- and diarylethene-containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran-derived amino acid, (S)-2-amino-3-(6'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indolin-6-yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane-active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran-containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY-2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin-auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Hrebonkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Nikitjuka
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleg Babii
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Lorig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics, Auerstraße 2, 76227, Karlsruhe., Germany
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9
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Sang X, Han K, Zhu M, Ma L. Friction Reduction Achieved by Ultraviolet Illumination on TiO 2 Surface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1680. [PMID: 38612193 PMCID: PMC11012504 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Controlling friction by light field is a low-cost, low-energy, non-polluting method. By applying ultraviolet light on the surface of photosensitive materials, the properties of the friction pairs or lubricant can be influenced, thus achieving the purpose of reducing friction. In this study, TiO2, an inorganic photosensitive material, was selected to investigate the modulating effect of light fields on friction lubrication when using polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil as a lubricant, and the modulation law of light fields on the friction lubrication behavior was investigated under different loads (1-8 N), different speeds (20-380 mm/s), and different viscosities (10.1-108.6 mPa·s) of PAO base oil. The experimental results showed that light treatment could reduce the friction coefficient of PAO4 base oil lubrication from 0.034 to 0.016, with a reduction of 52.9% under conditions of 3 N-load and 56.5 mm/s-speed, and the best regulation effect could be achieved under the mixed lubrication condition. After TiO2 was treated with ultraviolet light, due to its photocatalytic property, PAO molecules were oxidized and adsorbed on the TiO2 surface to form an adsorption layer, which avoided the direct contact of rough peaks and thus reduced the friction coefficient. This study combines photosensitivity, photocatalysis, and friction, presenting a method to reduce the friction coefficient by applying a light field without changing the friction pairs or lubricants, which provides a new direction for friction modulation and gives new ideas for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.S.); (K.H.); (M.Z.)
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10
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Thomas PA, Tan WJ, Kravets VG, Grigorenko AN, Barnes WL. Non-Polaritonic Effects in Cavity-Modified Photochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309393. [PMID: 37997481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling of molecules to vacuum fields is widely reported to lead to modified chemical properties such as reaction rates. However, some recent attempts to reproduce infrared strong coupling results have not been successful, suggesting that factors other than strong coupling may sometimes be involved. In the first vacuum-modified chemistry experiment, changes to a molecular photoisomerization process in the ultraviolet-visible spectral range are attributed to strong coupling of the molecules to visible light. Here, this process is re-examined, finding significant variations in photoisomerization rates consistent with the original work. However, there is no evidence that these changes need to be attributed to strong coupling. Instead, it is suggested that the photoisomerization rates involved are most strongly influenced by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation in the cavity. These results indicate that care must be taken to rule out non-polaritonic effects before invoking strong coupling to explain any changes of properties arising in cavity-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Wai Jue Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Vasyl G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - William L Barnes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
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11
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Minkovska S, Hadjichristov GB, Neacsu A, Chihaia V, Fedorov YV. Photoswitchable Photochromic Chelating Spironaphthoxazines: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Quantum-Chemical Calculations, and Complexation Ability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4144-4161. [PMID: 38313484 PMCID: PMC10831966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The stable and efficient photochromic and photoswitchable molecular systems designed from spirooxazines are of increasing scientific and practical interest because of their present and future applications in advanced technologies. Among these compounds, chelating spironaphthoxazines have received widespread attention due to their efficient optical response after complexation with some metal ions being of biomedical interest and environmental importance, as well as their good cycle performance and high reliability, especially by metal ion sensing. In this mini-review, we summarize our results in the design of novel photoswitchable chelating spironaphthoxazines with specific substituents in their naphthoxazine or indoline ring systems in view of recent progress in the development of such molecular systems and their applications as metal ion sensors. The design, synthesis methods, and photoresponse of such spirooxazine derivatives relevant to their applications, as well as quantum-chemical calculations for these compounds, are presented. Examples of various design concepts are discussed, such as sulfobutyl, hydroxyl, benzothiazolyl, or ester and carboxylic acid as substituents in the chelating spironaphthoxazine molecules. Further developments and improvements of this interesting and promising kind of molecular photoswitches are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Minkovska
- Institute
of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi B. Hadjichristov
- Georgi
Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andreea Neacsu
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Yury V. Fedorov
- A.
N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Czepa W, Danowski W, Krause S, Sozzani P, Ciesielski A, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Construction of Multi-Stimuli Responsive Highly Porous Switchable Frameworks by In Situ Solid-State Generation of Spiropyran Switches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305783. [PMID: 37643306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive molecular systems support within permanently porous materials offer the opportunity to host dynamic functions in multifunctional smart materials. However, the construction of highly porous frameworks featuring external-stimuli responsiveness, for example by light excitation, is still in its infancy. Here a general strategy is presented to construct spiropyran-functionalized highly porous switchable aromatic frameworks by modular and high-precision anchoring of molecular hooks and an innovative in situ solid-state grafting approach. Three spiropyran-grafted frameworks bearing distinct functional groups exhibiting various stimuli-responsiveness are generated by two-step post-solid-state synthesis of a parent indole-based material. The quantitative transformation and preservation of high porosity are demonstrated by spectroscopic and gas adsorption techniques. For the first time, a highly efficient strategy is provided to construct multi-stimuli-responsive, yet structurally robust, spiropyran materials with high pore capacity which is proved essential for the reversible and quantitative isomerization in the bulk as demonstrated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The overall strategy allows to construct dynamic materials that undergoes reversible transformation of spiropyran to zwitterionic merocyanine, by chemical and physical stimulation, showing potential for pH active control, responsive gas uptake and release, contaminant removal, and water harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Włodzimierz Czepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Simon Krause
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
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13
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Xu M, Li X, Zhou D, Chen Y, Zhang L, Yao L, Liu Y. Light and Humidity Dual-Responsive Anti-Counterfeiting Films Based on Hydrogen-Bonded Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymers with Spiropyran. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58955-58966. [PMID: 38052001 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
There is still significant room for improvement when combining structural color with fluorescence patterns in dual anti-counterfeiting and dynamic anti-counterfeiting labels. In this study, we achieved significant breakthroughs under dual anti-counterfeiting conditions by using the structural color properties of the hydrogen-bonded cholesteric liquid crystal (HBCLC) and combining them with the fluorescence dye spiropyran (SP) to create anti-counterfeiting patterns. The anti-counterfeiting label can only display storage information after meeting the conditions of humidity and ultraviolet light (UV) and has the functions of dynamic encryption and repeated reading. We adjusted the center of the reflection band of the HBCLC film to transition from red to infrared under 40-90% relative humidity (RH) conditions and used it as a background film to draw anti-counterfeiting patterns with SP. Since these fluorescence dyes can switch between merocyanine (MC) (red) and SP (colorless) under UV and visible light conditions, when combined with the HBCLC, orthogonal dynamic encryption was achieved. Additionally, with the adsorption of SP, the reflection band of HBCLC films under the same humidity range increased from around 160 nm to around 260 nm, greatly improving the sensitivity to humidity changes. Furthermore, under UV conditions, it can still emit red fluorescence, demonstrating a polymorphic encryption feature, which greatly increased the complexity of the anti-counterfeiting pattern with significant significance to dynamic anti-counterfeiting and information storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Xu
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lishuang Yao
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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14
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Lee YH, Song WJ, Park JM, Sung G, Lee MG, Kim M, Park S, Lee JS, Kim M, Kim WS, Sun JY. Full-Color Generation via Phototunable Mono Ink for Fast and Elaborate Printings. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307165. [PMID: 37945054 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Unlike pigment-based colors, which are determined by their molecular structure, diverse colors can be expressed by a regular arrangement of nanomaterials. However, existing techniques for constructing such nanostructures have struggled to combine high precision and speed, resulting in a narrow gamut, and prolonged color fabrication time. Here, this work reports a phototunable mono ink that can generate a wide range of colors by controlling regularly arranged nanostructure. Core-shell growth controlled by polymerization time precisely regulates the distance between arranged particles at a nanometer-scale, enabling the generation of various colors. Moreover, the wide and thin arrangement induces constrained out-of-plane growth, thus facilitating the intricate color generation at the desired location via photopolymerization. Upon terminating polymerization by oxygen gas, the generated colors are readily fixed and kept stable. Utilizing programmed ultraviolet illumination, large-scale and high-resolution (≈1 µm) full-color printings are demonstrated at high speed (100 mm2 s-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Man Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gimin Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Sang Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Sung Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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Qi S, Lu X, Mei W, Gu G, Li W, Zhang A. Supramolecular assembly of dendronized spiropyrans in aqueous solutions into nanospheres with photo- and thermo-responsive chiralities. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18053-18067. [PMID: 37916417 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03729k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the amphiphilicity of a molecule through external stimuli can alter the balance between self-association and repulsion, resulting in different propensities for its assembly. Here we report on the supramolecular assembly of a series of dendronized spiropyrans (DSPs) in water. These DSPs carry 3-fold dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) with either methoxyl or ethoxyl terminals for different hydrophilicities, and contain an Ala-Gly dipeptide to provide the chirality. These dendronized amphiphiles form supramolecular nanospheres in aqueous solutions with remarkable induced chirality to a level of 1.0 × 106 deg cm2 dmol-1. They can be tuned reversibly through photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties from the hydrophobic SP form into the hydrophilic MC form, and can even become chirally silent through thermally mediated collapse of the dendritic OEGs. Photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties in these DSPs is accompanied by simultaneous changes of UV absorption, fluorescence emission, supramolecular chirality and aqueous solution colors. These supramolecular nanospheres exhibit characteristic thermoresponsive behavior due to thermal collapse of the dendritic OEGs with their cloud point temperatures (Tcps) being dependent on the overall hydrophilicity of the molecules and also the aggregate morphologies resulting from how dendritic OEGs are wrapped around the aggregates. Both photo-irradiation-mediated isomerization of the spiropyran moieties and thermally mediated dehydration and collapse of the dendritic OEGs influence the amphiphilicity of these DSPs and their solvation by water, leading to varied driving forces for their assembly. NMR, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, as well as DLS and AFM techniques are combined to follow the supramolecular assembly and illustrate the aggregation mechanism. All experimental results demonstrate that the reversible chirality of the aggregates originates from the balance between dendritic OEGs and spiropyran moieties against water solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbin Qi
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xueting Lu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wenli Mei
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guanglei Gu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
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16
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Herold D, Kind J, Frieß F, Thiele CM. Extraction of pure component spectra from ex situ illumination UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2599-2606. [PMID: 37751073 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining understanding of a photochemical reaction relies on the observation, identification and quantification of the compounds involved. The photochemical properties of the individual components are of particular importance, and their determination, however, is not always trivial. This is also true for the quantitative measure on the ability to absorb light, the extinction coefficient εi if more than one species i is present and two or more species absorb light of the same wavelength. In this work, it is demonstrated how pure component spectra can be obtained with a simple combination of successive and repeated ex situ illumination, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy. From the complementary information accessible, the wavelength-dependent extinction coefficients of all species can be calculated yielding the pure component spectra. A comparison with published data shows excellent agreement and thus proves that this approach is highly reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Herold
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Frieß
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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17
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Zhang M, Chen L, Sun H, Liu Z, Yan SJ, Yu F. Rh(III)-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation/Pinacol Rearrangement Reaction of Enaminones with Iodonium Ylides: Direct Synthesis of 2-Spirocyclo-pyrrol-3-ones. Org Lett 2023; 25:7214-7219. [PMID: 37751319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade alkenyl C-H activation/[3 + 2] annulation/pinacol rearrangement reaction of enaminones with iodonium ylides has been developed. This methodology provides a new and straightforward synthetic strategy to afford highly functionalized 2-spirocyclo-pyrrol-3-ones in satisfactory yield from readily available starting materials under mild conditions. Moreover, gram-scale reactions and further derivatization experiments are implemented to demonstrate the potential utility of this developed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wu Z, Xiao L, Xu R, Zhong S, Gong M, Wang G. UV-Light-Induced Morphological Transformation of Spiropyran Assemblies from Irregular Sheet-like Structures to Nanospheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13946-13952. [PMID: 37736671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies on self-assembling systems with a controllable morphology responding to light stimulation are significant for revealing the process and mechanism of assembly. Here, a molecule of spiropyran derivative (SP) possessing photoresponsive assembly morphology is constructed. SP self-assembles into irregular sheet-like structures whose morphology can be significantly transformed into regular nanospheres under continuous ultraviolet light stimulation. The UV-vis absorption spectra indicate that 56% of SP are isomerized from closed-ring form (SPC) to open-ring form (SPO) with color changes from colorless to magenta. Furthermore, theoretical calculations demonstrate that SPO-SPO aggregates possess stronger van der Waals forces than do SPC-SPC aggregates and tend to form stable intermediates combined with SPO isomers. Therefore, the isomerization of SP from SPC to SPO and the differences in intermolecular interactions are important factors in the morphological transition. Our study provides an efficient strategy to modulate the assembled morphology, which holds great promise to be applied in the field of smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leping Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shijie Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Gong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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19
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Somathilaka SS, Balasubramaniam S, Martins DP, Li X. Revealing gene regulation-based neural network computing in bacteria. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100118. [PMID: 37649578 PMCID: PMC10462848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2023.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are known to interpret a range of external molecular signals that are crucial for sensing environmental conditions and adapting their behaviors accordingly. These external signals are processed through a multitude of signaling transduction networks that include the gene regulatory network (GRN). From close observation, the GRN resembles and exhibits structural and functional properties that are similar to artificial neural networks. An in-depth analysis of gene expression dynamics further provides a new viewpoint of characterizing the inherited computing properties underlying the GRN of bacteria despite being non-neuronal organisms. In this study, we introduce a model to quantify the gene-to-gene interaction dynamics that can be embedded in the GRN as weights, converting a GRN to gene regulatory neural network (GRNN). Focusing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we extracted the GRNN associated with a well-known virulence factor, pyocyanin production, using an introduced weight extraction technique based on transcriptomic data and proving its computing accuracy using wet-lab experimental data. As part of our analysis, we evaluated the structural changes in the GRNN based on mutagenesis to determine its varying computing behavior. Furthermore, we model the ecosystem-wide cell-cell communications to analyze its impact on computing based on environmental as well as population signals, where we determine the impact on the computing reliability. Subsequently, we establish that the individual GRNNs can be clustered to collectively form computing units with similar behaviors to single-layer perceptrons with varying sigmoidal activation functions spatio-temporally within an ecosystem. We believe that this will lay the groundwork toward molecular machine learning systems that can see artificial intelligence move toward non-silicon devices, or living artificial intelligence, as well as giving us new insights into bacterial natural computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samitha S. Somathilaka
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Walton Institute for Information and Communication Systems Science, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | | | - Daniel P. Martins
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Walton Institute for Information and Communication Systems Science, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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20
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Doloczki S, Kern C, Holmberg KO, Swartling FJ, Streuff J, Dyrager C. Photoinduced Ring-Opening and Phototoxicity of an Indolin-3-one Derivative. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300864. [PMID: 37332083 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The study of a fluorescent indolin-3-one derivative is reported that, as opposed to its previously described congeners, selectively undergoes photoactivated ring-opening in apolar solvents. The excited state involved in this photoisomerization was partially deactivated by the formation of singlet oxygen. Cell studies revealed lipid droplet accumulation and efficient light-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Kern
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Streuff
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Kosar N, Kanwal S, Hamid MHSA, Ayub K, Gilani MA, Imran M, Arshad M, Alkhalifah MA, Sheikh NS, Mahmood T. Role of Delocalization, Asymmetric Distribution of π-Electrons and Elongated Conjugation System for Enhancement of NLO Response of Open Form of Spiropyran-Based Thermochromes. Molecules 2023; 28:6283. [PMID: 37687112 PMCID: PMC10488622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have widespread applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Thermo-switches generate many times higher NLO responses as compared to photo-switches. Herein, we have investigated the geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of spiropyranes thermochromes via DFT methods. The stabilities of close and open isomers of selected spiropyranes are investigated through relative energies. Electronic properties are studied through frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis. The lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap and lower excitation energy are observed for open isomers of spiropyranes, which imparts the large first hyperpolarizability value. The delocalization of π-electrons, asymmetric distribution and elongated conjugation system are dominant factors for high hyperpolarizability values of open isomers. For deep understanding, we also analyzed the frequency-dependent hyperpolarizability and refractive index of considered thermochromes. The NLO response increased significantly with increasing frequency. Among all those compounds, the highest refractive index value is observed for the open isomer of the spiropyran 1 (1.99 × 10-17 cm2/W). Molecular absorption analysis confirmed the electronic excitation in the open isomers compared to closed isomers. The results show that reversible thermochromic compounds act as excellent NLO molecular switches and can be used to design advanced electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), C-11, Johar Town, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Saba Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Malai Haniti S. A. Hamid
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
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22
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Hu W, Huang J, Yao J, Guo W, Gao G, Yin F, Hu H, Pei X, Wang H, Tao C. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Dearomatization of Indoles to Achieve Carbonyl-Containing Spirocyclic Indolenines Bearing an All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Org Lett 2023; 25:5951-5956. [PMID: 37535423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed carbonylative dearomatization via an acyl Pd complex has been developed. Diversified carbonyl-containing spirocyclic indolenines with an all-carbon quaternary center were constructed in an efficient and straightforward way with good to excellent yields. The protocol features a simple catalytic system, operational simplicity, a broad substrate scope, easy scale-up, and versatile transformations. In addition, the asymmetric reaction was initially explored with moderate enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Jiangsu Province Lianyungang Flood Control and Motorized Rescue Team, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujun Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayou Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanzhou Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Fauvel S, Riquelme AJ, Andrés Castán JM, Mwalukuku VM, Kervella Y, Challuri VK, Sauvage F, Narbey S, Maldivi P, Aumaître C, Demadrille R. Push-pull photochromic dyes for semi-transparent solar cells with light-adjustable optical properties and high color-rendering index. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8497-8506. [PMID: 37592994 PMCID: PMC10430641 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and characterization of push-pull photochromic naphthopyran dyes, incorporating different carbazole moieties as the electron-donor group for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. Compared to a reference dye incorporating a diphenylamine-type donor moiety, the introduction of functionalized carbazoles allows for a hypsochromic shift of the absorption of the coloured isomers of the dyes in the visible region and a better tuning of their spectra to the photopic response of the human eye. Under illumination, the molecules exhibit a broad absorption with a maximum comprised between 546 nm and 571 nm in solution and they reveal relatively fast discoloration kinetics. By using these dyes to fabricate photochromic solar cells whose optical and photovoltaic properties vary with the light exposure, we have achieved a PCE of up to 3% in opaque cells. Using these molecules in semi-transparent solar cells with different electrolytes, a PCE of 2.3% was achieved. We also produced a semi-transparent mini-module with an average visible transmittance varying between 66% and 50% and a colour rendering index around 95 in both the uncoloured and coloured states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fauvel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Antonio J Riquelme
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Yann Kervella
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Frédéric Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, CNRS UMR7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Hub de l'énergie 15 Rue Baudelocque 80039 Amiens France
| | | | - Pascale Maldivi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Cyril Aumaître
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Renaud Demadrille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES F-38000 Grenoble France
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24
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Shamsipur M, Ghavidast A, Pashabadi A. Phototriggered structures: Latest advances in biomedical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2844-2876. [PMID: 37521863 PMCID: PMC10372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive control of the drug molecules accessibility is a key issue in improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Some studies have explored the spatiotemporal control by light as a peripheral stimulus. Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) have received interest in the past decade among biological researchers due to their capability the control drug release. To this end, a wide range of phototrigger molecular structures participated in the DDSs to serve additional efficiency and a high-conversion release of active fragments under light irradiation. Up to now, several categories of PTDDSs have been extended to upgrade the performance of controlled delivery of therapeutic agents based on well-known phototrigger molecular structures like o-nitrobenzyl, coumarinyl, anthracenyl, quinolinyl, o-hydroxycinnamate and hydroxyphenacyl, where either of one endows an exclusive feature and distinct mechanistic approach. This review conveys the design, photochemical properties and essential mechanism of the most important phototriggered structures for the release of single and dual (similar or different) active molecules that have the ability to quickly reason of the large variety of dynamic biological phenomena for biomedical applications like photo-regulated drug release, synergistic outcomes, real-time monitoring, and biocompatibility potential.
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25
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Das G, Prakasam T, Alkhatib N, AbdulHalim RG, Chandra F, Sharma SK, Garai B, Varghese S, Addicoat MA, Ravaux F, Pasricha R, Jagannathan R, Saleh N, Kirmizialtin S, Olson MA, Trabolsi A. Light-driven self-assembly of spiropyran-functionalized covalent organic framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3765. [PMID: 37353549 PMCID: PMC10290075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the number of molecular switches and their relative positioning within porous materials is critical to their functionality and properties. The proximity of many molecular switches to one another can hinder or completely suppress their response. Herein, a synthetic strategy involving mixed linkers is used to control the distribution of spiropyran-functionalized linkers in a covalent organic framework (COF). The COF contains a spiropyran in each pore which exhibits excellent reversible photoswitching behavior to its merocyanine form in the solid state in response to UV/Vis light. The spiro-COF possesses an urchin-shaped morphology and exhibits a morphological transition to 2D nanosheets and vesicles in solution upon UV light irradiation. The merocyanine-equipped COFs are extremely stable and possess a more ordered structure with enhanced photoluminescence. This approach to modulating structural isomerization in the solid state is used to develop inkless printing media, while the photomediated polarity change is used for water harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Das
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thirumurugan Prakasam
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Alkhatib
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha G AbdulHalim
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bikash Garai
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabu Varghese
- CTP, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK
| | - Florent Ravaux
- Quantum research center, Technology Innovation Institute, P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Renu Pasricha
- CTP, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramesh Jagannathan
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na'il Saleh
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Serdal Kirmizialtin
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mark A Olson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA.
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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26
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Lee C, Xu EZ, Kwock KWC, Teitelboim A, Liu Y, Park HS, Ursprung B, Ziffer ME, Karube Y, Fardian-Melamed N, Pedroso CCS, Kim J, Pritzl SD, Nam SH, Lohmueller T, Owen JS, Ercius P, Suh YD, Cohen BE, Chan EM, Schuck PJ. Indefinite and bidirectional near-infrared nanocrystal photoswitching. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06076-7. [PMID: 37258675 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Materials whose luminescence can be switched by optical stimulation drive technologies ranging from superresolution imaging1-4, nanophotonics5, and optical data storage6,7, to targeted pharmacology, optogenetics, and chemical reactivity8. These photoswitchable probes, including organic fluorophores and proteins, can be prone to photodegradation and often operate in the ultraviolet or visible spectral regions. Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles6,9 can offer improved stability, but the ability to switch emission bidirectionally, particularly with near-infrared (NIR) light, has not, to our knowledge, been reported in such systems. Here, we present two-way, NIR photoswitching of avalanching nanoparticles (ANPs), showing full optical control of upconverted emission using phototriggers in the NIR-I and NIR-II spectral regions useful for subsurface imaging. Employing single-step photodarkening10-13 and photobrightening12,14-16, we demonstrate indefinite photoswitching of individual nanoparticles (more than 1,000 cycles over 7 h) in ambient or aqueous conditions without measurable photodegradation. Critical steps of the photoswitching mechanism are elucidated by modelling and by measuring the photon avalanche properties of single ANPs in both bright and dark states. Unlimited, reversible photoswitching of ANPs enables indefinitely rewritable two-dimensional and three-dimensional multilevel optical patterning of ANPs, as well as optical nanoscopy with sub-Å localization superresolution that allows us to distinguish individual ANPs within tightly packed clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Z Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin W C Kwock
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayelet Teitelboim
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yawei Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Benedikt Ursprung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark E Ziffer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuzuka Karube
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cassio C S Pedroso
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Stefanie D Pritzl
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Theobald Lohmueller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Emory M Chan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Shiraishi Y, Yomo K, Hirai T. Polarity-Driven Isomerization of a Hydroxynaphthalimide-Containing Spiropyran at Room Temperature. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:290-298. [PMID: 37249936 PMCID: PMC10214515 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Design of spiropyrans showing spontaneous isomerization driven by the polarity of solvents is an important consideration for the synthesis of optical sensory materials. Although some spiropyrans undergo polarity-driven isomerization, they must be heated owing to the high activation energy required for isomerization. In this study, we describe that a spiropyran containing a hydroxynaphthalimide unit (1) exhibits a polarity-driven isomerization at room temperature. It exists as a colorless spirocyclic (SP) form in less polar solvents but is isomerized to a colored merocyanine (MC) form in polar solvents. The equilibrium amount of the MC form increases with an increase in the polarity of solvents. The MC form involves two resonance structures-the quinoidal and zwitterionic forms. In polar media, the zwitterionic form dominates mainly owing to solvation by polar molecules. Solvation stabilizes the negative charge of the zwitterionic form and decreases its ground state energy, thereby enhancing SP → MC isomerization. The SP ⇌ MC isomerization terminates within barely 30 s even at room temperature because the naphthol moiety with high π-electron density lowers the activation energy for the rate-determining rotational step.
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28
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Marco A, Guirado G, Sebastián RM, Hernando J. Spiropyran-based chromic hydrogels for CO 2 absorption and detection. Front Chem 2023; 11:1176661. [PMID: 37288075 PMCID: PMC10242082 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1176661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
By enabling rapid, cost-effective, user-friendly and in situ detection of carbon dioxide, colorimetric CO2 sensors are of relevance for a variety of fields. However, it still remains a challenge the development of optical chemosensors for CO2 that combine high sensitivity, selectivity and reusability with facile integration into solid materials. Herein we pursued this goal by preparing hydrogels functionalized with spiropyrans, a well-known class of molecular switches that undergo different color changes upon application of light and acid stimuli. By varying the nature of the substituents of the spiropyran core, different acidochromic responses are obtained in aqueous media that allow discriminating CO2 from other acid gases (e.g., HCl). Interestingly, this behavior can be transferred to functional solid materials by synthesizing polymerizable spiropyran derivatives, which are used to prepare hydrogels. These materials preserve the acidochromic properties of the incorporated spiropyrans, thus leading to selective, reversible and quantifiable color changes upon exposure to different CO2 amounts. In addition, CO2 desorption and, therefore, recovery of the initial state of the chemosensor is favored by irradiation with visible light. This makes spiropyran-based chromic hydrogels promising systems for the colorimetric monitorization of carbon dioxide in a diversity of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordi Hernando
- *Correspondence: Rosa María Sebastián, ; Jordi Hernando,
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29
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Zhang T, Lou XY, Li X, Tu X, Han J, Zhao B, Yang YW. Tunable Photochromism of Spirooxazine in the Solid State: A New Design Strategy Based on the Hypochromic Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210551. [PMID: 36579725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an important organic photofunctional material, spirooxazine (SO) usually does not exhibit photochromism in the solid state since the intermolecular π-π stacking impedes photoisomerization. Developing photochromic SO in the solid state is crucial for practical applications but is still full of challenges. Here, a series of spirooxazine derivatives (SO1-SO4) with bulky aromatic substituents at the 4- and 7-positions of the skeleton, which provide them with a large volume with which to undergo solid-state photochromism under mild conditions, is designed and synthesized. All the compounds SO1-SO4 exhibit tunable solid photochromism without ground colors, excellent fatigue resistance, and high thermal stability. Notably, it takes only 15 s for SO4 to reach the saturation of absorption intensity, thought to represent the fastest solid-state photoresponse of spirooxazines. X-ray crystal structures of the intermediate compound SO0 and the products SO1-SO2 as well as computational studies suggest that the bulky aromatic groups can lead to a hypochromic effect, allowing for the photochromism of SO in the solid state. The ideal photochromic properties of these spirooxazines open a new avenue for their applications in UV printing, quick response code, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Lou
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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30
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Xu F, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers: From Light-Controlled Small Molecules to Smart Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204413. [PMID: 36239270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers are well-organized assemblies based on highly oriented and reversible noncovalent interactions containing photosensitive molecules as (co-)monomers. They have attracted increasing interest in smart materials and dynamic systems with precisely controllable functions, such as light-driven soft actuators, photoresponsive fluorescent anticounterfeiting and light-triggered electronic devices. The present review discusses light-activated molecules used in photoresponsive supramolecular polymers with their main photo-induced changes, e.g., geometry, dipole moment, and chirality. Based on these distinct changes, supramolecular polymers formed by light-activated molecules exhibit photoresponsive disassembly and reassembly. As a consequence, photo-induced supramolecular polymerization, "depolymerization," and regulation of the lengths and topologies are observed. Moreover, the light-controlled functions of supramolecular polymers, such as actuation, emission, and chirality transfer along length scales, are highlighted. Furthermore, a perspective on challenges and future opportunities is presented. Besides the challenge of moving from harmful UV light to visible/near IR light avoiding fatigue, and enabling biomedical applications, future opportunities include light-controlled supramolecular actuators with helical motion, light-modulated information transmission, optically recyclable materials, and multi-stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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31
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Jana K, Narasimha Moorthy J. Influence of Triptycene Annulation on the Photochromism of Diphenylnaphthopyrans: Entropic Control of Thermal Reversion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202757. [PMID: 36437235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regioisomeric naphthopyrans annulated with triptycene, i. e., Prox-NP and Dist-NP, display divergent photochromic behaviors. While steady-state photolysis of Dist-NP led to a very labile colored intermediate that is not observable at room temperature, Prox-NP yielded a remarkably stable species characterized by X-ray crystallography as the TT isomer of o-quinonoid intermediate (Prox-NPQ) with t1/2 ca. 0.18 years at 298 K. The kinetic analysis of thermal reversion reveals that the bleaching of Prox-NPQ is entropically controlled; the steric effect due to the rigid triptycene scaffold renders Prox-NP a highly constrained system such that the photogenerated colored o-quinonoid form is more entropically relaxed. This constitutes the first instance of an entropically-controlled thermal reversion for the celebrated class of photochromic naphthopyrans. Based on the response of Prox-NP and its colored intermediate Prox-NPQ to different stimuli, namely, light, heat, and acid, the molecular system can be likened to a logic gate with the 'INHIBIT' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyashree Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551, India
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32
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Battula H, Nath M, Mishra S, Jayanty S. Spirocyclic rhodamine B benzoisothiazole derivative: a multi-stimuli fluorescent switch manifesting ethanol-responsiveness, photo responsiveness, and acidochromism. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5134-5148. [PMID: 36777943 PMCID: PMC9910283 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-stimuli fluorescent switching materials have been extensively employed in chemistry, biochemistry, physics, and materials science. Although rhodamine-based spirolactams have been specifically considered for metal ion sensing by photoluminescence, only some of them manifest photochromic behavior, and further development of rhodamine B (RHB)-based photochromic materials is required. RHB and its cyclic amides are advantageous in various sensing applications owing to their colorimetric responses to external stimulation. Hence, the current work reports a novel multifunctional active molecular material (3',6'-bis(diethylamino))-2-(5-nitrobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)spiro[isoindoline-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one (RHBIT) by linking rhodamine B with 3-amino,5-nitro[2,1]benzoisothiazole (ANB) in a facile synthetic pathway; that perceives both emission color change and switching between off-on states. RHBIT shows acidochromism, photochromism, and pH sensitivity accompanied by unique ethanol responsiveness, with potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and drug delivery. Notably, RHBIT is highly acid sensitive and reverts to the ring-closed form on treatment with triethylamine (base), visible with the naked eye amidst colorless-pink-colorless transformations. On short UV irradiation, RHBIT provides a two-fold rise in the lifetime for the ring-open form in CHCl3 and DCM compared to the spirolactam (closed form). DFT and TDDFT studies provide electronic characterization for the absorption spectra of the open and closed forms. Using the photoresponsive feature of RHBIT, an information protection application has been enacted via a rewritable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Battula
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet, Kapra Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad-500078 Telangana State India +91-040-66303998 +91-40-66303561
| | - Moromi Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur-721302India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur-721302India
| | - Subbalakshmi Jayanty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar, Shameerpet, Kapra Mandal, Medchal Dist. Hyderabad-500078 Telangana State India +91-040-66303998 +91-40-66303561
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33
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Kikuchi K, Adair LD, Lin J, New EJ, Kaur A. Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202204745. [PMID: 36177530 PMCID: PMC10100239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decoding cellular processes requires visualization of the spatial distribution and dynamic interactions of biomolecules. It is therefore not surprising that innovations in imaging technologies have facilitated advances in biomedical research. The advent of super-resolution imaging technologies has empowered biomedical researchers with the ability to answer long-standing questions about cellular processes at an entirely new level. Fluorescent probes greatly enhance the specificity and resolution of super-resolution imaging experiments. Here, we introduce key super-resolution imaging technologies, with a brief discussion on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We evaluate the chemistry and photochemical mechanisms of fluorescent probes employed in SMLM. This Review provides guidance on the identification and adoption of fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to inspire the design of next-generation fluorescent probes amenable to single-molecule imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kikuchi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Liam D Adair
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jiarun Lin
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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34
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Colorimetric/fluorometric optical chemosensors based on oxazolidine for highly selective detection of Fe3+ and Ag+ in aqueous media: Development of ionochromic security papers. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Yu SH, Hassan SZ, So C, Kang M, Chung DS. Molecular-Switch-Embedded Solution-Processed Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203401. [PMID: 35929102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the performance of solution-processed semiconductor materials and optoelectronic devices have shifted research interest to the diversification/advancement of their functionality. Embedding a molecular switch capable of transition between two or more metastable isomers by light stimuli is one of the most straightforward and widely accepted methods to potentially realize the multifunctionality of optoelectronic devices. A molecular switch embedded in a semiconductor can effectively control various parameters such as trap-level, dielectric constant, electrical resistance, charge mobility, and charge polarity, which can be utilized in photoprogrammable devices including transistors, memory, and diodes. This review classifies the mechanism of each optoelectronic transition driven by molecular switches regardless of the type of semiconductor material or molecular switch or device. In addition, the basic characteristics of molecular switches and the persisting technical/scientific issues corresponding to each mechanism are discussed to help researchers. Finally, interesting yet infrequently reported applications of molecular switches and their mechanisms are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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36
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Albert A, Fried M, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. Emission modulation of fluorescent turn-on mode dibenzothienyl sulfonyl ethene photoswitches embedded in a polymer film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29791-29800. [PMID: 36468239 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades photochromic molecules have attracted attention for their potential in using light as an external stimulus to change their photophysical properties. Here we report the spectroscopic characterization of two emissive photochromic molecules that are intrinsically fluorescent and that undergo a photocyclization/cycloreversion reaction upon illumination with light in the UV and VIS spectral ranges. For appropriately adjusted illumination intensities the emission can be modulated between the high- and the low-level with a contrast ratio exceeding 80%. The data are in reasonable agreement with the predictions from a simple kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Albert
- Spectroscopy of soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Martina Fried
- Applied Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany. .,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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37
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Wu CH, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Hue BTB, Lin HC. Designs and Applications of Multi-stimuli Responsive FRET Processes in AIEgen-Functionalized and Bi-fluorophoric Supramolecular Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 381:2. [PMID: 36495421 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Materials capable of displaying strong ratiometric fluorescence with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes have attracted much research interest because of various chemosensor and biomedical applications. This review highlights several popular strategies in designing FRET-OFF/ON mechanisms of ratiometric fluorescence systems. In particular, the developments of organic and polymeric FRET materials featuring aggregation-induced emission-based luminogens (AIEgens), supramolecular assemblies, photochromic molecular switches and surfactant-induced AIE/FRET mechanisms are presented. AIEgens have been frequently employed as FRET donor and/or acceptor fluorophores to obtain enhanced ratiometric fluorescences in solution and solid states. Since AIE effects and FRET processes rely on controllable distances between fluorophores, many interesting fluorescent properties can be designed by regulating aggregation states in polymers and supramolecular systems. Photo-switchable fluorophores, such as spiropyran and diarylethene, provide drastic changes in fluorescence spectra upon photo-induced isomerizations, leading to photo-switching mechanisms to activate/deactivate FRET processes. Supramolecular assemblies offer versatile platforms to regulate responsive FRET processes effectively. In rotaxane structures, the donor-acceptor distance and FRET efficiency can be tuned by acid/base-controlled shuttling of the macrocycle component. The tunable supramolecular interactions are strongly influenced by external factors (such as pH values, temperatures, analytes, surfactants, UV-visible lights, etc.), which induce the assembly and disassembly of host-guest systems and thus their FRET-ON/FRET-OFF behavior. In addition, the changes in donor or acceptor fluorescence profiles upon detections of analytes can also sufficiently alter the FRET behavior and result in different ratiometric fluorescence outputs. The strategies and examples provided in this review offer the insights and toolkits for future FRET-based material developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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38
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Bruns CJ. Moving forward in the semantic soup of artificial molecular machine taxonomy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1231-1234. [PMID: 36494473 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carson J Bruns
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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39
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Wang J, Avram L, Diskin-Posner Y, Białek MJ, Stawski W, Feller M, Klajn R. Altering the Properties of Spiropyran Switches Using Coordination Cages with Different Symmetries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21244-21254. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Stawski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moran Feller
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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40
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Photochromism of Tetrahydroindolizines. Part XXVI: Mechanochemical Synthesis, Tunable Photophysical Properties and Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Novel Photochromic Tetrahydroindolizines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Razaghi M, Khorasani M, Mohamadnia Z, Kazemi F. Coupling of Hydrophobic Graphene Quantum Dots with Photochromic Molecule for Fabrication of Transparent Photo-Responsive Polymeric Films Manifesting FRET Functioning. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Andrés Castán JM, Mwalukuku VM, Riquelme AJ, Liotier J, Huaulmé Q, Anta JA, Maldivi P, Demadrille R. Photochromic spiro-indoline naphthoxazines and naphthopyrans in dye-sensitized solar cells. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2022; 6:2994-3005. [PMID: 36324610 PMCID: PMC9549531 DOI: 10.1039/d2qm00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic dyes possess unique properties that can be exploited in different domains, including optics, biomedicine and optoelectronics. Herein, we explore the potential of photochromic spiro-indoline naphthoxazine (SINO) and naphthopyran (NIPS) for application in photovoltaics. We designed and synthesized four new photosensitizers with a donor-pi-acceptor structure embedding SINO and NIPS units as photochromic cores. Their optical, photochromic and acidochromic properties were thoroughly studied to establish structure-properties relationships. Then, after unravelling the possible forms adopted depending on the stimuli, their photovoltaic properties were evaluated in DSSCs. Although the photochromic behavior is not always preserved, we elucidate the interplay between photochromic, acidochromic and photovoltaic properties and we demonstrate that these dyes can act as photosensitizers in DSSCs. We report a maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.7% with a NIPS-based dye, a tenfold improvement in comparison to previous works on similar class of compounds. This work opens new perspectives of developments for SINO and NIPS in optical and photovoltaic devices, and it provides novel research directions to design photochromic materials with improved characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio J Riquelme
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1 Sevilla 41013 Spain
| | - Johan Liotier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Quentin Huaulmé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Juan A Anta
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1 Sevilla 41013 Spain
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
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43
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Shendrikov VP, Alekseeva AS, Kot EF, Mineev KS, Tretiakova DS, Ece A, Boldyrev IA. Indane Based Molecular Motors: UV-Switching Increases Number of Isomers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196716. [PMID: 36235252 PMCID: PMC9570826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe azophenylindane based molecular motors (aphin-switches) which have two different rotamers of trans-configuration and four different rotamers of cis-configuration. The behaviors of these motors were investigated both experimentally and computationally. The conversion of aphin-switch does not yield single isomer but a mixture of these. Although the trans to cis conversion leads to the increase of the system entropy some of the cis-rotamers can directly convert to each other while others should convert via trans-configuration. The motion of aphin-switches resembles the work of a mixing machine with indane group serving as a base and phenol group serving as a beater. The aphin-switches presented herein may provide a basis for promising applications in advanced biological systems or particularly in cases where on demand disordering of molecular packing has value, such as lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy P. Shendrikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S. Alekseeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Erik F. Kot
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S. Tretiakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Ivan A. Boldyrev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-330-66-10
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44
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Rostovtseva IA, Solov’eva EV, Voloshin NA, Chernyshev AV, Morozov PG, Devidov OP, Borodkin GS, Metelitsa AV. Photo- and Ionochromism of 1,3-Dihydrospiro[indole-2,2′-chromene] with Fluorescein Moiety. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036322210005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Combined experimental and TD-DFT/DMOl 3 investigations, optical properties, and photoluminescence behavior of a thiazolopyrimidine derivative. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15674. [PMID: 36123356 PMCID: PMC9485139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here the FT-IR, DFT computation, XRD, optical, and photophysical characterization of a heterocyclic compound with thienopyrimidine and pyran moieties. TD-DFT/DMOl3 and TD-DFT/CASTEP computations were used to study the geometry of isolated and dimer molecules and their optical behavior. The indirect (3.93 eV) and direct (3.29 eV) optical energy bandgaps, HOMO-LUMO energy gap (3.02 eV), and wavelength of maximum absorption (353 nm) were determined in the gas phase with M062X/6-31+G (d, p). A thin film of the studied molecule was studied using XRD, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The average crystallite size was found as 74.95 nm. Also, the photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the compound exhibited different emission bands at the visible range with different intensities depending on the degree of molecular aggregation. For instance, solutions with different concentrations emitted blue, cyan, and green light. On the other hand, the solid-state material produced a dual emission with comparable intensities at λmax = 455, 505, and 621 nm to cover the entire visible range and produce white emission from a single material with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.32) that are very similar to the ideal pure white light. Consequently, these findings could lead to the development of more attractive new luminous materials.
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46
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Yamada M, Sawazaki T, Fujita M, Asanoma F, Nishikawa Y, Kawai T. Tetrathienyl Corannulene Compounds with Highly Sensitive Photochromism. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201286. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tomoya Sawazaki
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mae Fujita
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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47
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Semionova VV, Glebov EM. SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS FORMED BY METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AND ORGANIC PHOTOCHROMES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Metelitsa AV, Chernyshev AV, Voloshin NA, Solov'eva EV, Dorogan IV. Chromogenic properties of heterocyclic compounds: Barochromic effect of indoline spiropyrans in the gas phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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She Z, Zou H, You L. Tuning the selectivity of amino acid recognition with dynamic covalent bond constrained fluorophores in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6897-6904. [PMID: 35972458 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and discrimination of amino acids are generating continuous interest due to their importance. Herein we developed a series of dynamic covalent reaction constrained aldehyde-derived fluorescent probes for the binding of amino acids with tunable selectivity. Diverse emission behaviors were obtained via pH triggered movement of ring-chain tautomerization equilibrium of aldehyde probes. By taking advantage of the distinct pKa and reactivity of aldehyde probes and amino acids, unique fluorescence signaling patterns were generated, and the selectivity for amino acid recognition was further modulated. The selective recognition of Cys/Hcy was attained at pH 7.4 as a result of thiazolidine formation. The manipulation of the reactivity at pH 10 enabled the realization of high selectivity for His and Cys, respectively. Moreover, pH and redox stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent networks were constructed for the regulation of amino acid recognition. The strategies and results described should be appealing in many aspects, including dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, biological labeling, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian She
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lei You
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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50
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Yam VWW, Cheng YH. Stimuli-Responsive and Switchable Platinum(II) Complexes and Their Applications in Memory Storage. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yat-Hin Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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