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de Souza HM, de Almeida RF, Lopes AP, Hauser-Davis RA. Review: Fish bile, a highly versatile biomarker for different environmental pollutants. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 278:109845. [PMID: 38280442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessments encompass a broad spectrum of biochemical endpoints and ecological factors, allowing for comprehensive assessments concerning pollutant exposure levels and their effects on both fish populations and surrounding ecosystems. While these evaluations offer invaluable insights into the overall health and dynamics of aquatic environments, they often provide an integrated perspective, making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources and individual-level responses to environmental contaminants. In contrast, biliary pollutant excretion assessments represent a focused approach aimed at understanding how fish at the individual level respond to environmental stressors. In this sense, the analysis of pollutant profiles in fish bile not only serves as a valuable exposure indicator, but also provides critical information concerning the uptake, metabolism, and elimination of specific contaminants. Therefore, by investigating unique and dynamic fish responses to various pollutants, biliary assessments can contribute significantly to the refinement of ecotoxicological studies. This review aims to discuss the multifaceted utility of bile as a potent biomarker for various environmental pollutants in fish in targeted monitoring strategies, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, estrogenic compounds, resin acids, hepatotoxins and per- and polyfluorinated substances. The main caveats of this type of assessment are also discussed, as well as future directions of fish bile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Regina Fonsêca de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pontes Lopes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Chiejina CO, Ikeh IM, Enebe FA, Aguzie IO, Ajima MNO, Ali D, Kumar G, Nwani CD. Effects of haloperidol on peripheral erythrocytes and brain neurotransmitter levels of juvenile African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2023; 35:238-247. [PMID: 37501608 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effects of haloperidol on peripheral erythrocytes and brain neurotransmitter levels of juvenile African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus. METHODS Juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of haloperidol (0.12, 0.24, and 0.48 mg/L) for 15 days and subsequently withdrawn from the drug for 5 days. Blood samples from the fish on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 and after the 5-day withdrawal period were analyzed for mutagenic changes, after which the fish were sacrificed. The brain was sampled for serotonergic and dopaminergic analyses. RESULT There was formation of micronuclei in the peripheral fish blood, which increased as the duration and concentrations of the drug increased. The drug significantly reduced the serotonin activity but increased dopamine activity. Some of the studied parameters, however, recovered from the effects of the drug after the 5-day withdrawal period. CONCLUSION Haloperidol is toxic to fish, and its use in the environment should be guarded to avoid adverse impacts on nontarget species like fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike Obinna Chiejina
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Florence A Enebe
- Department of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hafez T, Villate F, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M. Reduced Survival and Disruption of Female Reproductive Output in Two Copepod Species ( Acartia clausi and A. tonsa) Exposed to the Model Endocrine Disruptor 17α-Ethinylestradiol. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050405. [PMID: 37235221 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are heavily impacted by pollutants from different sources such as urban sewage, industrial waste and agricultural runoff. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are very concerning pollutants to estuarine wildlife, but little is known about their impact on microscopic biota such as zooplankton. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of a model EDC, the 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), on two copepod species inhabiting the Basque coast (Southeastern Bay of Biscay) estuaries: Acartia clausi (autochthonous neritic species) and Acartia tonsa (non-indigenous brackish species). Female copepods were collected at population maximum time (spring for A. clausi and summer for A. tonsa) and exposed individually to 5 ng/L (low), 5 µg/L (medium) and 500 µg/L EE2 (high) doses, from environmental concentrations found in sewage effluents to toxicological concentrations. After 24 h exposure, the survival rate of experimental individuals was checked and the lethal concentration LC50 was calculated. The number of egg-producing females and the amount of egg laying and egg hatching were recorded. The integrated biomarker index (IBR) was calculated to integrate the overall effects of EE2 exposure. Both species had reduced survival rates at 500 µg/L, and the LC50 was lower in A. tonsa (158 µg/L) compared to A. clausi (398 µg/L). The number of eggs laid was significantly reduced in A. clausi at EE2 medium and high doses, while a reduction in the number of eggs in A. tonsa was observed only at the high dose. However, no significant differences were detected in the egg hatching success of exposed A. clausi and A. tonsa. IBR index showed that EE2 had the most detrimental effects on A. tonsa and A. clausi females at the 500 µg/L dose. In conclusion, after 24 h of exposure, EE2 reduced female copepod survival and disrupted reproductive output, but only at high non-environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Hafez
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Fernando Villate
- MarEsPlank Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Chen X, Hirano M, Ishibashi H, Lee JS, Kawai YK, Kubota A. Efficient in vivo and in silico assessments of antiandrogenic potential in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 264:109513. [PMID: 36442599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish zebrafish-based in vivo and in silico assay systems to evaluate the antiandrogenic potential of environmental chemicals. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 17α-methyltestosterone (TES) alone or coexposed to TES and representative antiandrogens including flutamide, p,p'-DDE, vinclozolin, fenitrothion, and linuron. We assessed the transcript expression of the androgen-responsive gene sulfotransferase family 2, cytosolic sulfotransferase 3 (sult2st3). The expression of sult2st3 was significantly induced by TES in the later stages of embryonic development. However, the TES-induced expression of sult2st3 was inhibited by flutamide in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 5.7 μM), suggesting that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a role in sult2st3 induction. Similarly, p,p'-DDE, vinclozolin, and linuron repressed the TES-induced expression of sult2st3 (IC50s: 0.35, 3.9, and 52 μM, respectively). At the highest concentration tested (100 μM), fenitrothion also suppressed sult2st3 expression almost completely. Notably, p,p'-DDE and linuron did not inhibit sult2st3 induction due to higher concentrations of TES; instead, they potentiated TES-induced sult2st3 expression. Fenitrothion and linuron, which had relatively low antiandrogenic potentials in terms of sult2st3 inhibition, induced broader toxicities in zebrafish embryos; thus, the relationship between developmental toxicities and antiandrogenic potency was unclear. Additionally, an in silico docking simulation showed that all five chemicals interact with the zebrafish AR at relatively low interaction energies and with Arg702 as a key amino acid in ligand binding. Our findings suggest that a combination of zebrafish-based in vivo and in silico assessments represents a promising tool to assess the antiandrogenic potentials of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. https://twitter.com/chenxing910520
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Zhu Y, Shao Y, Wei M, Yu K, Zhang Y, Huang J, Yin X. Degradation of 17β-estradiol by UV/persulfate in different water samples. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:796-807. [PMID: 34665772 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical (•SO4-)-based advanced oxidation processes are widely used for wastewater treatment. This study explored the potential use of UV/persulfate (UV/PS) system for the degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2). The pH of the reaction system can affect the degradation rate of E2 by UV/PS and the optimum pH was 7.0; Br- and Cl- in water can promote the degradation rate, HCO3- has an inhibitory effect on the reaction, SO42- and cations (Na+, Mg2+, K+) have no effect on the degradation rate. The degradation of E2 by UV/PS was a mineralization process, with the mineralization rate reaching 90.97% at 8 h. E2 in the UV/PS system was mainly degraded by hydroxylation, deoxygenation, and hydrogenation. E2 reaction sites were mainly located on benzene rings, mainly carbonylation on quinary rings, and bond breakage between C10 and C5 resulted in the removal of benzene rings and carboxyl at C2 and C3 sites. In the presence of halogen ions, halogenated disinfection by-products were not formed in the degradation process of E2 by UV/PS. E2 in the UV/PS system could inhibit the formation of bromate. The results of this study suggest that UV/PS is a safe and reliable method to degrade E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail:
| | - Yanan Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Min Wei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail:
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail: ; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail:
| | - Xinyue Yin
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China E-mail:
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Ishibashi H, Uchida M, Hirano M, Hayashi T, Yamamoto R, Kubota A, Ichikawa N, Ishibashi Y, Tominaga N, Arizono K. In vivo and in silico analyses of estrogenic potential of equine estrogens in medaka (Oryzias latipes). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144379. [PMID: 33421642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Equine estrogens (EEs) are widely used in hormone replacement therapy pharmaceuticals for postmenopausal women. Previous studies have shown that EEs occur in the aquatic environment; however, the potential estrogenicity and risk of EEs in aquatic organisms, including fish, have yet to be studied in detail. Therefore, we evaluated the estrogenic potential of major EEs, namely equilin (Eq), 17α-dihydroequilin (17α-Eq), 17β-dihydroequilin (17β-Eq), equilenin (Eqn), 17α-dihydroequilenin (17α-Eqn), and 17β-dihydroequilenin (17β-Eqn), on medaka (Oryzias latipes) using in vivo and in silico assays. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that expression levels of choriogenin L (ChgL) and choriogenin H (ChgH) in medaka embryos responded to various types and concentrations of EEs in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas transcription levels of vitellogenin 1 were not significantly affected by any of the EEs in the concentration range tested. The order of the in vivo estrogenic potencies of EEs was as follows: 17β-Eq > Eq > 17β-Eqn > Eqn > 17α-Eqn > 17α-Eq. Additionally, the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 17β-Eq was lower than that of 17β-estradiol. We also investigated the interaction potential of EEs with medaka estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes in silico using a three-dimensional model of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) for each ER and docking simulations. All six EEs were found to interact with the LBDs of ERα, ERβ1, and ERβ2. The order of the in silico interaction potentials of EEs with each ER LBD was as follows: 17β-Eq > 17α-Eq > Eq > 17β-Eqn > 17α-Eqn > Eqn. Furthermore, we identified the key amino acids that interact with EEs in each ER LBD; our findings suggest that amino acids and/or their hydrogen bonding may be responsible for the ligand-specific interactions with each ER. This study is the first to comprehensively analyze the estrogenic potential of EEs in medaka both in vivo and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Biological and Chemical Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, 2627 Hirayama-shinmachi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto 866-8501, Japan
| | - Taka Hayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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He K, Hain E, Timm A, Blaney L. Bioaccumulation of estrogenic hormones and UV-filters in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142871. [PMID: 33268253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic hormones and organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) have attracted increased attention as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their potent estrogenicity and widespread occurrence in the environment. This study investigated the accumulation of three estrogenic hormones and five UV-filters in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Exposure experiments were conducted for 42 days with a mixture of EDCs at two environmentally-relevant design concentrations (i.e., 500 and 5000 ng L-1). The aqueous-phase EDC concentrations decreased over time and were re-established every two days. Within 14 days of exposure, the five UV-filters were measured at 2.2 to 265 ng g-1 (dry weight) in crayfish tail tissue. Only one estrogenic hormone, 17β-estradiol, was detected in the crayfish at 10.4-13.5 ng g-1. No apparent changes were observed for EDC concentrations in the tail tissue over the next four weeks of exposure. The apparent bioaccumulation factors for the EDCs ranged from 23 L (kg tail tissue, dry weight)-1 for 4-methylbenzylidene camphor to 1050 L (kg tail tissue, dry weight)-1 for 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate. EDC input was stopped after 42 days, and the more hydrophobic UV-filters (i.e., octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, homosalate) were found to be persistent throughout a 14-d elimination period. A lyticase-assisted yeast estrogen screen demonstrated that the residual estrogenic activity of water samples aligned with (or was lower than) predictions from targeted chemical analysis. These results suggest that the transformation products did not contribute significant estrogenicity, although further analysis of endocrine disruption outcomes in crayfish is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Anne Timm
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5523 Research Park Drive, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Singh V, Suthar S. Occurrence, seasonal variations, and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in River Ganges at two holy cities of India. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129331. [PMID: 33359991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of 15 different pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, metoprolol, triclosan, salicylic acid, N, N diethyl-meta-toluamide, caffeine and β-Estradiol) belongs to eight different classes in an urban stretch of River Ganges were detected for three seasons in two holy cities Rishikesh and Haridwar (India). The overall concentration of PPCPs in the River Ganges ranged between Below Detectable Limit (BDL) to 1104.84 ng/L, with higher concentrations at anthropogenically influenced lower reaches of the River Ganges at Haridwar. Acetaminophen, triclosan, N, N diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), tetracycline, and caffeine showed the highest detection frequency (>90-100%) in the river. PPCPs concentration, especially for NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, ketoprofen and acetaminophen), antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and ofloxacin) and metabolite (salicylic acid) was found to be higher in winter compared to summer in the Ganges, possibly due to the lower biodegradation efficiency related to lesser temperatures and inadequate sunlight. While metoprolol (beta-blockers), triclosan (antibacterial), DEET (insect repellent) and caffeine (human indicator) showed a higher load in summer, possibly due to their intense uses during this period. Results of risk quiescent (RQ) revealed higher ecological risk for algae while the moderate risk for river fish biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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Debs KB, da Silva HDT, de Lourdes Leite de Moraes M, Carrilho ENVM, Lemos SG, Labuto G. Biosorption of 17α-ethinylestradiol by yeast biomass from ethanol industry in the presence of estrone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28419-28428. [PMID: 31028620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yeast biomass from ethanol industry (YB) was evaluated as a biosorbent to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE) alone and along with estrone (EST). This material is rich in sorption sites and has a good cost-benefit ratio, since it is an industrial residue largely produced (around 30 g for each liter of ethanol). A 2k-factorial design was carried out to evaluate the sorption capacity of YB for EE considering the variables pH, biosorbent dose (BD), and ionic strength (IS), at two hormone concentration (HC) levels. The best conditions assessed for individual EE adsorption (pH = 10, IS = 0.1 mol/L, and BD = 0.5 mg/L) were also established for adsorption carried out in the presence of EST. Individuals EE and EST experimental sorption capacities (SCexp) were, respectively, 24.50 ± 0.07 and 0.80 ± 0.07 mg/g, fairly similar to Qmax (EE, 21.41 ± 1.27 mg/g; EST, 0.93 ± 0.075 mg/g) from Langmuir model. The Freundlich model best fitted the experimental data for EE adsorption (r2 = 0.9925; χ2 = 0.5575). The study carried out in the presence of EST showed an associative/competitive sorption process between EE and EST, which may be explained by their similar chemical structures and organic carbon-water partition coefficients Koc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bugan Debs
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210-Centro, Diadema, SP, CEP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Heron Domingues Torres da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210-Centro, Diadema, SP, CEP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Leite de Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210-Centro, Diadema, SP, CEP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174-SP-330, CEP 13600-970 Araras,, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sherlan Guimarães Lemos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Labuto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210-Centro, Diadema, SP, CEP 09913-030, Brazil.
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Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Okoh AI, Okoh AOO. Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3026. [PMID: 31438569 PMCID: PMC6747491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PPCPs are found almost everywhere in the environment especially at an alarming rate and at very low concentration in the aquatic systems. Many methods-including pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and micro-assisted extraction (MAE)-have been employed for their extraction from both surface waters and biota. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) proved to be the best extraction method for these polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable compounds in water. However, ultrasonic extraction works better for their isolation from sediment because it is cheap and consumes less solvent, even though SPE is preferred as a clean-up method for sediment samples. PPCPs are in groups of-acidic (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen), neutral (e.g., caffeine, carbamazepine, fluoxetine), and basic pharmaceuticals, as well as antibiotics and estrogens amongst others. PPCPs which are present in trace levels (ng/L) are more often determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent (HPLC-UV). Of these, LC-MS and LC-MS-MS are mostly employed for the analysis of this class of compounds, though not without a draw-back of matrix effect. GC-MS and GC-MS-MS are considered as alternative cost-effective methods that can also give better results after derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ohoro
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - A O Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - And O O Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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11
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Jackson LM, Klerks PL. Impact of Long-Term Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol in the Live-Bearing Fish Heterandria formosa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:51-61. [PMID: 30726505 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a potent synthetic estrogen that is routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems and exhibits estrogenic activity. Acute and chronic toxicity have been described for oviparous and ovoviviparous fish species; however, no information is available on the impacts of EE2 on viviparous, matrotrophic fish despite their ecological importance. The present study investigated the consequences of long-term EE2 exposure in the least killifish (Heterandria formosa). Effects on growth, time-to-sexual maturity, fecundity, and offspring survival were examined in an 8-month, life-cycle experiment. Starting as 0-6-day-old fish, least killifish were continuously exposed to EE2 at nominal concentrations of 0, 5, or 25 ng/L (measured concentrations averaged 0, 4.3, and 21.5 ng/L respectively). In the F0 generation, EE2-exposure did not affect survival but resulted in increased time-to-sexual maturity and a sex-dependent effect on size; female standard length was reduced while male standard length was increased. This caused the ordinarily larger females and smaller males to become more similar in size. Condition factor was reduced for both sexes. Fecundity was reduced by 50% and 75% at 5 and 25 ng/L EE2-exposure respectively. Continued EE2-exposure in the F1 generation resulted in significantly reduced survival. These results suggest that despite their matrotrophic development, these fish experience delayed development and reduced reproductive success from EE2-exposure and that effects appear to intensify in the second generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latonya M Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Cincinnati, 155B McMicken Hall, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 E. St. Mary Blvd., Billeaud Hall, Room 108, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
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12
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Uraipong C, Allan RD, Li C, Kennedy IR, Wong V, Lee NA. 17β-Estradiol residues and estrogenic activities in the Hawkesbury River, Australia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:363-369. [PMID: 30138819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two highly sensitive ELISAs for the specific detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) residues were developed, showing the limits of detection (LOD, a concentration at 15% inhibition of color development) of 0.04 ± 0.02 μg/L and 0.05 ± 0.03 μg/L. The average recovery rate of the river water samples spiked with E2 at 1-50 ng/L range was 111.5% (68.6-252%) with the % relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.5-86.3%. The ELISA demonstrated a good correlation with the GC-MS analyses of the spiked river water samples (r = 0.909). Applying the developed E2 ELISA assay to the monitoring of E2 residues in Hawkesbury River (New South Wales, Australia) found that all the tested creek samples contained E2 residues less than the biologically significant level of 10 ng/L. However, 25% of the water samples tested demonstrated the estrogen activity (determined by the yeast estrogen screening (YES) assay) above the levels that have been linked to the adverse effects in fish and other aquatic organisms (> 20 E2 Eq ng/L). It was apparent that the E2 residues together with the EE2 residues (reported in our previous study) contributed to most of the observed estrogenic activity in Hawkesbury River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchaporn Uraipong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Food Science and Technology, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robin D Allan
- Department of Pharmacology, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chunhua Li
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ivan R Kennedy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Victor Wong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Food Science and Technology, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nanju Alice Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Food Science and Technology, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Ishibashi H, Uchida M, Yoshimoto K, Imamura Y, Yamamoto R, Ikenaka Y, Kawai M, Ichikawa N, Takao Y, Tominaga N, Ishibashi Y, Arizono K. Occurrence and seasonal variation of equine estrogens, equilin and equilenin, in the river water of Japan: Implication with endocrine-disrupting potentials to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:281-288. [PMID: 29660500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the concentration of equine estrogens, such as equilin (Eq) and equilenin (Eqn), in the river water collected from nine research stations in Hokkaido, Japan. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that Eq concentrations were 2.7 ± 6.7, 0.22 ± 0.12, and 1.2 ± 0.64 ng/L in Sep 2015, Feb 2016, and Jul 2016, respectively. Eqn had concentration levels similar to those of Eq. Comparison of the concentrations at nine research stations showed that seasonal variation was observed in the detected Eq and Eqn concentration levels. This study was the first to show the occurrences and seasonal variation of Eq and Eqn in the river water of Japan. We further investigated the reproductive and transgenerational effects of Eq in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 ng/L for 21 days and assessed the transcriptional profiles of the estrogen-responsive genes in the livers of both sexes. The reproduction assay demonstrated that 1000 ng/L of Eq adversely affected the reproduction (i.e. fecundity) in the F0 generation and that the hatching of F1 generation fertilized eggs was reduced in the 100 and 1000 ng/L treatment groups. Our qRT-PCR assay revealed that the mRNA expression levels of hepatic vitellogenin 1 and 2, choriogenin L and H, and estrogen receptor α were significantly up-regulated in males exposed to 100 and/or 1000 ng/L of Eq. In contrast, the transcriptional levels of several genes, such as pregnane X receptor and cytochrome P450 3A, were down-regulated in the livers of males after the 21-d exposure. These results suggest that Eq has endocrine-disrupting potential such as reproductive and transgenerational effects by the modulation of hepatic estrogen-responsive genes expression on medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yuta Imamura
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawai
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Shizunaimisono 111, Shinhidaka-cho, Hokkaido, 056-0141, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Takao
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
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Yao L, Lv YZ, Zhang LJ, Liu WR, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Zhang QQ, Ying GG. Determination of 24 personal care products in fish bile using hybrid solvent precipitation and dispersive solid phase extraction cleanup with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1551:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Al-Jandal N, Saeed T, Azad I, Al-Subiai S, Al-Zekri W, Hussain S, Al-Hasan E. Impact of endocrine disrupting compounds in sewage impacted coastal area on seabream. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:280-288. [PMID: 29289863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of coastal regions worldwide has been of a great concern due to the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These chemicals find their way to the marine environment via the sewage treatment plants (STPs). Hence, this study was designed to investigate the status and sources of EDCs and their effect on fish in Kuwait's coastal areas, from the chemical and biological perspectives. The assessment of three STPs indicated the presence of significant levels of phthalates (19 and 31µg/l), alkylphenols (85 and 159ng/l), and estrogens (30 and 368ng/l) in both inflow and outflow samples. The analysis of samples from field exposure sites revealed significant levels of EDCs in seawater (phthalates: 2.1-4.6µg/l; alkylphenols: 1.2-16.4ng/l; estrogens: 0-36.2ng/l) and sediment (phthalates: 2.1-15.7mg/kg dry wt; alkyphenols: 2.5-15.1µg/kg dry wt.; estrogens: 4.1-214.2µg/kg dry wt.) samples. The biological perspective investigated through the exposure of fish to sewage outlets at five sites. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) revealed a higher level in winter samples 0.48-0.79%) in comparison to summer samples 1-1.5%). Histological observation of hepatic tissue of fish exposed during winter months in all sites, showed much less necrotic changes and hepatic vacuolation in the hepatic tissue of summer exposed fish. Imunnohistochemistry evidences revealed a significant level of positive signals and Vtg localization in the hepatic tissue as the results support the histopathological alterations observed. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed no significant difference between the plasma protein content of winter and summer samples. Overall, the study suggest that there is possible local source or a chronic input of untreated and/or partially treated water due to the significant levels of phthalates, alkyphenols, and estrogens detected in the Kuwait Bay. These levels were enough to initiate alteration in the hepatic tissue of fish exposed to the sewage outlets in Kuwait for two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Al-Jandal
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Talat Saeed
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Ismail Azad
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sherain Al-Subiai
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Zekri
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sumaiah Hussain
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Enas Al-Hasan
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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16
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Mosley JD, Ekman DR, Cavallin JE, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Collette TW. High-resolution mass spectrometry of skin mucus for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fathead minnows exposed to wastewater effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:788-796. [PMID: 29023973 PMCID: PMC6061956 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry is advantageous for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fish exposed to complex wastewater effluent. We evaluated this technique using skin mucus from male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to control water or treated wastewater effluent at 5, 20, and 100% levels for 21 d, using an on-site, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. Both sex-specific and non-sex-specific responses were observed in the mucus metabolome, the latter suggesting the induction of general compensatory pathways for xenobiotic exposures. Altogether, 85 statistically significant treatment-dependent metabolite changes were observed out of the 310 total endogenous metabolites that were detected (156 of the 310 were annotated). Partial least squares-regression models revealed strong covariances between the mucus metabolomes and up-regulated hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts reported previously for these same fish. These regression models suggest that mucus metabolomic changes reflected, in part, processes by which the fish biotransformed xenobiotics in the effluent. In keeping with this observation, we detected a phase II transformation product of bisphenol A in the skin mucus of male fish. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of mucus as a minimally invasive matrix for simultaneously assessing exposures and effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:788-796. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Mosley
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
- Please contact corresponding author: J. Mosley at or D. Ekman at
| | - D. R. Ekman
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
- Please contact corresponding author: J. Mosley at or D. Ekman at
| | - J. E. Cavallin
- ORISE Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, United States
- University of Minnesota-Duluth, Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - D. L. Villeneuve
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - G. T. Ankley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - T. W. Collette
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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Simultaneous Determination of Trace Levels of 12 Steroid Hormones in Soil Using Modified QuEChERS Extraction Followed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Klimaszyk P, Rzymski P. Water and Aquatic Fauna on Drugs: What are the Impacts of Pharmaceutical Pollution? WATER MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-79014-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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19
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You J, Li H. Improving the accuracy of effect-directed analysis: the role of bioavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1484-1498. [PMID: 29114659 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00377c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been suffering from contamination by multiple stressors. Traditional chemical-based risk assessment usually fails to explain the toxicity contributions from contaminants that are not regularly monitored or that have an unknown identity. Diagnosing the causes of noted adverse outcomes in the environment is of great importance in ecological risk assessment and in this regard effect-directed analysis (EDA) has been designed to fulfill this purpose. The EDA approach is now increasingly used in aquatic risk assessment owing to its specialty in achieving effect-directed nontarget analysis; however, a lack of environmental relevance makes conventional EDA less favorable. In particular, ignoring the bioavailability in EDA may cause a biased and even erroneous identification of causative toxicants in a mixture. Taking bioavailability into consideration is therefore of great importance to improve the accuracy of EDA diagnosis. The present article reviews the current status and applications of EDA practices that incorporate bioavailability. The use of biological samples is the most obvious way to include bioavailability into EDA applications, but its development is limited due to the small sample size and lack of evidence for metabolizable compounds. Bioavailability/bioaccessibility-based extraction (bioaccessibility-directed and partitioning-based extraction) and passive-dosing techniques are recommended to be used to integrate bioavailability into EDA diagnosis in abiotic samples. Lastly, the future perspectives of expanding and standardizing the use of biological samples and bioavailability-based techniques in EDA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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20
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Harding LB, Schultz IR, da Silva DAM, Ylitalo GM, Ragsdale D, Harris SI, Bailey S, Pepich BV, Swanson P. Wastewater treatment plant effluent alters pituitary gland gonadotropin mRNA levels in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:118-31. [PMID: 27475653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) present in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents interfere with reproduction in fish, including altered gonad development and induction of vitellogenin (Vtg), a female-specific egg yolk protein precursor produced in the liver. As a result, studies have focused on the effects of EDC exposure on the gonad and liver. However, impacts of environmental EDC exposure at higher levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis are less well understood. The pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) are involved in all aspects of gonad development and are subject to feedback from gonadal steroids making them a likely target of endocrine disruption. In this study, the effects of WWTP effluent exposure on pituitary gonadotropin mRNA expression were investigated to assess the utility of Lh beta-subunit (lhb) as a biomarker of estrogen exposure in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). First, a controlled 72-h exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17β-trenbolone (TREN) was performed to evaluate the response of juvenile coho salmon to EDC exposure. Second, juvenile coho salmon were exposed to 0, 20 or 100% effluent from eight WWTPs from the Puget Sound, WA region for 72h. Juvenile coho salmon exposed to 2 and 10ng EE2L(-1) had 17-fold and 215-fold higher lhb mRNA levels relative to control fish. Hepatic vtg mRNA levels were dramatically increased 6670-fold, but only in response to 10ng EE2L(-1) and Fsh beta-subunit (fshb) mRNA levels were not altered by any of the treatments. In the WWTP effluent exposures, lhb mRNA levels were significantly elevated in fish exposed to five of the WWTP effluents. In contrast, transcript levels of vtg were not affected by any of the WWTP effluent exposures. Mean levels of natural and synthetic estrogens in fish bile were consistent with pituitary lhb expression, suggesting that the observed lhb induction may be due to estrogenic activity of the WWTP effluents. These results suggest that lhb gene expression may be a sensitive index of acute exposure to estrogenic chemicals in juvenile coho salmon. Further work is needed to determine the kinetics and specificity of lhb induction to evaluate its utility as a potential indicator of estrogen exposure in immature fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa B Harding
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Irvin R Schultz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory -Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Denis A M da Silva
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Dave Ragsdale
- Manchester Environmental Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, 7411 Beach Drive E, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA
| | - Stephanie I Harris
- Manchester Environmental Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, 7411 Beach Drive E, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA
| | - Stephanie Bailey
- Manchester Environmental Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, 7411 Beach Drive E, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA
| | - Barry V Pepich
- Manchester Environmental Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, 7411 Beach Drive E, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA
| | - Penny Swanson
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 98164, USA.
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21
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Hassell K, Pettigrove V, Beresford N, Jobling S, Kumar A. No evidence of exposure to environmental estrogens in two feral fish species sampled from the Yarra River, Australia: A comparison with Northern Hemisphere studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 131:104-117. [PMID: 27228034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental estrogens originate from a variety of sources including sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and adverse physiological effects (endocrine disruption) have been observed in several fish species sampled downstream of STP discharges. In this study we examined common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and roach (Rutilis rutilis) for signs of exposure to environmental estrogens in the iconic Yarra River, Melbourne, Australia. The Yarra River flows through the city of Melbourne and more than 2 million people live within the catchment. Two STPs discharge water into the Yarra River within the middle reaches, and the areas immediately downstream of these discharge locations were the focus of this study. Carp and roach were chosen as test species since both have been utilised extensively for endocrine disruption research throughout Europe, North America and Asia, and data from various international studies was used for comparison with the results of the present study. Neither species showed evidence of exposure to environmental estrogens, with no elevation of plasma vitellogenin levels in males and no incidence of intersex gonads. Most physiological endpoints in both species from this study were within ranges reported in carp and roach from reference sites in other studies, however some degenerative histological changes in both male and female gonads were observed. Surface water samples showed no estrogenic activity (measured by the yeast-estrogen screen, YES), but did display strong anti-estrogenic and weak androgenic activity (measured by the yeast-androgen screen, YAS). Whilst the results show no evidence of impacts from environmental estrogens in the Yarra River, the presence of both anti-estrogenic and androgenic activity in water samples, as well as some gonadal changes in carp is concerning and indicates that our focus needs to broaden, in order to look for biological impacts in resident fauna that might be due to environmental pollutants other than environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hassell
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicola Beresford
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Jobling
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Kumar
- Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Zaibel I, Zilberg D, Groisman L, Arnon S. Impact of treated wastewater reuse and floods on water quality and fish health within a water reservoir in an arid climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:268-281. [PMID: 27065446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater (TWW) reuse for agricultural irrigation is a well-established approach to coping with water shortages in semi-arid and arid environments. Recently, additional uses of TWW have emerged, including streamflow augmentation and aquatic ecosystem restoration. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the water quality and fish health, in an artificial reservoir located in an arid climate (the Yeruham Reservoir, Israel), which regularly receives TWW and sporadic winter floods. The temporal distribution of water levels, nutrients and organic micropollutants (OMPs) were measured during the years 2013-2014. OMPs were also measured in sediment and fish tissues. Finally, the status of fish health was evaluated by histopathology. Water levels and quality were mainly influenced by seasonal processes such as floods and evaporation, and not by the discharge of TWW. Out of 16 tested OMPs, estrone, carbamazepine, diclofenac and bezafibrate were found in the reservoir water, but mostly at concentrations below the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for fish. Concentrations of PCBs and dioxins in fish muscle and liver were much lower than the EU maximal permitted concentrations, and similar to concentrations that were found in food fish in Israel and Europe. In the histopathological analysis, there were no evident tissue abnormalities, and low to moderate infection levels of fish parasites were recorded. The results from the Yeruham Reservoir demonstrated a unique model for the mixture effect between TWW reuse and natural floods to support a unique stable and thriving ecosystem in a water reservoir located in an arid region. This type of reservoir can be widely used for recreation, education, and the social and economic development of a rural environment, such as has occurred in the Yeruham region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Zaibel
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Dina Zilberg
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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23
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Ishibashi H, Uchida M, Koyanagi A, Kagami Y, Kusano T, Nakao A, Yamamoto R, Ichikawa N, Tominaga N, Ishibashi Y, Arizono K. Gene expression analyses of vitellogenin, choriogenin and estrogen receptor subtypes in the livers of male medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to equine estrogens. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1392-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Faculty of Agriculture; Ehime University; 3-5-7 Tarumi Matsuyama 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Akiko Koyanagi
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kagami
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kusano
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Ayami Nakao
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Noji-higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Ariake National College of Technology; 150 Higashi-hagio-machi Omuta Fukuoka 836-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
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24
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Naidoo S, Vosloo D, Schoeman MC. Pollutant exposure at wastewater treatment works affects the detoxification organs of an urban adapter, the Banana Bat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:830-839. [PMID: 26602790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Banana Bat, Neoromicia nana, exploits pollution-tolerant chironomids at wastewater treatment works (WWTWs). We investigated how pollutant exposure impacts the detoxification organs, namely the liver and kidney of N. nana. (i) We performed SEM-EDS to quantify metal content and mineral nutrients, and found significant differences in essential metal (Fe and Zn) content in the liver, and significant differences in Cu and one mineral nutrient (K) in the kidneys. (ii) We performed histological analysis and found more histopathological lesions in detoxification organs of WWTW bats. (iii) We calculated hepatosomatic/renalsomatic indices (HSI/RSI) to investigate whole organ effects, and found significant increases in organ size at WWTWs. (iv) We quantified metallothionein 1E (MT1E), using Western Blot immunodetection. Contrary to predictions, we found no significant upregulation of MT1E in bats at WWTWs. Ultimately, N. nana exploiting WWTWs may suffer chronic health problems from sub-lethal damage to organs responsible for detoxifying pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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25
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Baldigo BP, George SD, Phillips PJ, Hemming JDC, Denslow ND, Kroll KJ. Potential estrogenic effects of wastewaters on gene expression in Pimephales promelas and fish assemblages in streams of southeastern New York. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2803-2815. [PMID: 26423596 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct linkages between endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from municipal and industrial wastewaters and impacts on wild fish assemblages are rare. The levels of plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) and Vtg messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to wastewater effluents and dilutions of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estrogen activity, and fish assemblages in 10 receiving streams were assessed to improve understanding of important interrelations. Results from 4-d laboratory assays indicate that EE2, plasma Vtg concentration, and Vtg gene expression in fathead minnows, and 17β-estradiol equivalents (E2Eq values) were highly related to each other (R(2) = 0.98-1.00). Concentrations of E2Eq in most effluents did not exceed 2.0 ng/L, which was possibly a short-term exposure threshold for Vtg gene expression in male fathead minnows. Plasma Vtg in fathead minnows only increased significantly (up to 1136 μg/mL) in 2 wastewater effluents. Fish assemblages were generally unaffected at 8 of 10 study sites, yet the density and biomass of 79% to 89% of species populations were reduced (63-68% were reduced significantly) in the downstream reach of 1 receiving stream. These results, and moderate to high E2Eq concentrations (up to 16.1 ng/L) observed in effluents during a companion study, suggest that estrogenic wastewaters can potentially affect individual fish, their populations, and entire fish communities in comparable systems across New York, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry P Baldigo
- New York Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Scott D George
- New York Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Patrick J Phillips
- New York Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Troy, New York, USA
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26
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Simon E, Lamoree MH, Hamers T, de Boer J. Challenges in effect-directed analysis with a focus on biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Tompsett AR, Higley E, Pryce S, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Wiseman S. Transcriptional changes in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol during early development. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:321-329. [PMID: 25427717 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the past two decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of studies investigating effects of estrogenic chemicals on amphibians, to date little is known about specific molecular interactions of estrogens with the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-hepatic axis in developing amphibians. Here, tissue-specific functional sets of genes, derived previously from studies of fishes exposed to endocrine active chemicals, were evaluated in Xenopus laevis exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) throughout their early development. Specifically, transcriptional responses of X. laevis exposed to 0.09, 0.84, or 8.81 µg EE2/L were characterized during sexual differentiation [31 day post hatch (dph)] and after completion of metamorphosis during the juvenile stage (89 dph). While at 31 dph there were no consistent effects of EE2 on abundances of transcripts,at 89 dph X. laevis exhibited significant alterations in expression of genes involved in steroid signaling and metabolism, synthesis of cholesterol, and vitellogenesis. Specifically, expression of androgen receptor, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, estrogen receptor α, and vitellogenin A2 was significantly greater (>2-fold) than in controls while expression of farnesoid x-activated receptors α and β was significantly less (>2-fold reduction) than in controls. These results support the hypothesis that sets of genes derived from studies in teleost fish can be extrapolated for use in amphibians during the juvenile stage but not in sexually undifferentiated individuals. Furthermore, changes in abundances of transcripts of the here utilized sets of genes in animals sampled post sexual differentiation were in accordance with developmental effects and alterations of gonadal histology reported in a parallel study. This set of genes might be useful for predicting potential adverse outcomes at later life-stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Tompsett
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
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28
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Huang B, Sun W, Li X, Liu J, Li Q, Wang R, Pan X. Effects and bioaccumulation of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol following long-term exposure in crucian carp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:169-76. [PMID: 25463868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation and effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) were assessed by crucian carp (Carassius auratus) following single and binary mixture exposures in flow-through exposure system for 16 months. In comparison with water control (DWC) and solvent control (SC), a significant reduction in body weight, body length and gonadosomatic index (GSI), and increase in hepatosomatic index (HSI) and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels were observed, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of E2 and EE2 in fish muscle ranged from 3.2 to 40 and from 64 to 123, respectively. Crucian carp were found to be more sensitive to EE2 than E2. The bioaccumulation and toxicological effects in binary mixture exposed fish (mixture of E2 and EE2) were more significant than exposure of individual compound. Crucian carp is sensitive to E2 and EE2 in long-term laboratory exposure experiments and can be used as a potential model species for investigating the toxicity of hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jingliang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China
| | - Renmin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan, PR China.
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29
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Uchida M, Ishibashi H, Yamamoto R, Koyanagi A, Kusano T, Tominaga N, Ishibashi Y, Arizono K. Endocrine-disrupting potentials of equine estrogens equilin, equilenin, and their metabolites, in the medakaOryzias latipes:in silicoand DNA microarray studies. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Uchida
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd; 1-1 Hyakunenkouen, Kurume Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Shokei University Junior College; 2-6-78 Kuhonji Kumamoto 862-8678 Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Akiko Koyanagi
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd; 1-1 Hyakunenkouen, Kurume Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kusano
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd; 1-1 Hyakunenkouen, Kurume Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Ariake National College of Technology; 150 Higashi-hagio-machi, Omuta Fukuoka 836-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
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30
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Mierzejewski J, Haney DC, van den Hurk P. Biomarker responses in sunfish species and largemouth bass from the Saluda River, South Carolina. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:8-15. [PMID: 25173848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The upstate and Piedmont region of South Carolina is a rapidly urbanizing area as a result of a steadily growing population. This increase in population and development has the potential to negatively impact local aquatic systems like the Saluda River due to increased pollution from runoff, and effluents from industrial and wastewater treatment facilities. During the summer months of 2010, 159 fish from the Centrarchidae family (sunfish species (Lepomis) and largemouth bass - Micropterus salmoides) were collected from 13 sites along the Saluda River. A suite of biomarker assays, including ethoxyresosufin-O-deethylase, bile fluorescence, glutathione S-transferase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, bile estrogens, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, metallothionein and tissue metal levels were applied to investigate the impacts of diminished water quality on fish health. Results indicate that fish from the Saluda River are responding to contamination in a site specific manner, with up to four significant biomarker responses in the most impacted sites. Sampling sites in the lower portion of the Saluda watershed are less impacted by pollution than the upper and central sections. The observed biomarker responses can be explained by the proximity of urban areas, point sources and general land use, and demonstrate the applicability of biomarkers in environmental biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mierzejewski
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dennis C Haney
- Department of Biology, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Hwy, Greenville, SC 29613, USA
| | - Peter van den Hurk
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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31
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Xu EGB, Liu S, Ying GG, Zheng GJS, Lee JHW, Leung KMY. The occurrence and ecological risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage effluents from three different sewage treatment plants, and in natural seawater from a marine reserve of Hong Kong. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:352-362. [PMID: 24650541 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We determined the concentrations of 12 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in sewage effluents collected from three different sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Hong Kong, and found 4-nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) were the most abundant EDCs. Effluent concentrations of NP and BPA were higher in dry season than in wet season, but opposite seasonal changes of NP were observed in receiving waters, probably due to the surface runoff. The two secondary STPs showed higher removal efficiency for these compounds than the preliminary STP, while having higher removal efficiency in wet season. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the preliminary STP and improve the EDC removal efficiency in dry season. Seawaters from the Cape D' Aguilar Marine Reserve adjacent to these STPs also exhibited elevated NP levels with a hazard quotient >1. Furthermore, diluted effluents from the STPs elicited significant transcriptional responses of EDC-related genes in the marine medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis G B Xu
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gene J S Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph H W Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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32
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Jiang JQ, Zhou Z, Sharma V. Occurrence, transportation, monitoring and treatment of emerging micro-pollutants in waste water — A review from global views. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Blocker TD, Ophir AG. Cryptic confounding compounds: A brief consideration of the influences of anthropogenic contaminants on courtship and mating behavior. Acta Ethol 2013; 16:10.1007/s10211-012-0137-x. [PMID: 24244068 PMCID: PMC3827776 DOI: 10.1007/s10211-012-0137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants, like pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and metals, are persistent and ubiquitous and are known to threaten the environment. Traditionally, scientists have considered the direct physiological risks that these contaminants pose. However, scientists have just begun to integrate ethology and toxicology to investigate the effects that contaminants have on behavior. This review considers the potential for contaminant effects on mating behavior. Here we assess the growing body of research concerning disruptions in sexual differentiation, courtship, sexual receptivity, arousal, and mating. We discuss the implications of these disruptions on conservation efforts and highlight the importance of recognizing the potential for environmental stressors to affect behavioral experimentation. More specifically, we consider the negative implications for anthropogenic contaminants to affect the immediate behavior of animals, and their potential to have cascading and/or long-term effects on the behavioral ecology and evolution of populations. Overall, we aim to raise awareness of the confounding influence that contaminants can have, and promote caution when interpreting results where the potential for cryptic affects are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomica D Blocker
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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34
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Al-Ansari AM, Atkinson SK, Doyle JR, Trudeau VL, Blais JM. Dynamics of uptake and elimination of 17α-ethinylestradiol in male goldfish (Carassius auratus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 132-133:134-140. [PMID: 23500082 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We used male goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a model species to determine the uptake, elimination, and bioaccumulation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Goldfish were exposed to EE2 via two different routes: water (135ng/L±12.8 standard deviation) for 72h, and food (231ng/g±42 SD) for 120h. We observed a rapid uptake of EE2 in goldfish, reaching 8.4ng/g±1.2 dry weight (dw) after the first hour of exposure with an uptake rate coefficient (k1) of 45h(-1). The elimination rate coefficient (k2) was determined by a depuration experiment to be 0.0786h(-1). In the feeding experiment, EE2 concentrations increased rapidly, reaching an average of 1.4ng/g after 3h following the first dietary exposure with an estimated absorption efficiency (α) of 0.106. An average of 2.66ng/g±0.87 (n=8) was determined in the 24-72h samples, whereas EE2 concentrations in fish fell below our method detection limits (0.67ng/g) for all samples after 72h, suggesting efficient elimination over time. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for EE2 reached a maximum of 377, similar to BCFs measured for other pharmaceuticals like fluoxetine and sertraline. Our kinetic data were also used to model various scenarios of EE2 uptake in the aquatic environment. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe aqueous and dietary EE2 uptake and elimination in fish, as well as providing important data to model EE2 kinetics in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Al-Ansari
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Chemical and Environmental Toxicology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Surujlal-Naicker S, Bux F. Application of radio-immunoassays to assess the fate of estrogen EDCs in full scale wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:37-47. [PMID: 23030386 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.707832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater effluents have been documented as major contributors of hormone endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in to the aquatic ecosystem. The need for rapid, simple and cost effective methods to detect these EDCs has increased. The use of Radio-immunoassays (RIA) were assessed to determine the fate of estradiol in a laboratory batch test and the three natural estrogens (estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3)) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different types of configurations. Precision of the RIAs were done using intra-assay and inter-assay validations. The E2 intra-assay variation was <8% and inter-assay variation was <11% for standards 1 to 6. E1 RIA showed less than 8% for both the intra-assay and inter-assay variations. E3 RIA showed extremely good variations with both the intra and inter-assay variations being below <8% for all standards. The lab scale investigation showed a 94% reduction in E2 after 5 h and after 10 h both E2 and E1 were no longer detected. The simple activated sludge process, the biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge process and the oxidation pond had final effluent concentrations of 10.75, 5.96 and 25.48 pg E2/mL respectively; 20.80, 9.30 and 46.55 pg E1/mL, respectively, and 0.12, 0.07 and 0.17 ng E3/mL, respectively. Thus far findings indicated that the RIA can be employed as a rapid technique for detection of natural estrogens in water. Results indicate that these potential problematic hormone EDCs are still present in final wastewater effluents that are discharged in to South African aquatic sources.
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36
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Al-Salhi R, Abdul-Sada A, Lange A, Tyler CR, Hill EM. The xenometabolome and novel contaminant markers in fish exposed to a wastewater treatment works effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:9080-9088. [PMID: 22803593 DOI: 10.1021/es3014453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organisms exposed to wastewater treatment works (WwTW) effluents accumulate complex mixtures of xenobiotics but there is a scarcity of information on the nature and impacts of these chemical mixtures. We applied metabolomics techniques as a novel approach to identify xenobiotics and their metabolites (the xenometabolome) that bioconcentrate in fish exposed to a WwTW effluent. Exposed juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) accumulated surfactants, naphthols, chlorinated xylenols, and phenoxyphenols, chlorophenes, resin acids, mefenamic acid, oxybenzone, and steroidal alkaloids in the bile or plasma, and there were perturbations in the plasma concentrations of bile acids and lipids. Exposure of adult roach (Rutilus rutilus) to 50% or 100% concentrations of the same effluent resulted in dose-dependent increases in plasma concentrations of xenometabolites as well as cyprinol sulfate and taurocholic acid, lysophospholipids, and a decrease in sphingosine levels (a key component of cell membrane lipids). Our findings reveal the highly complex nature of xenobiotics accumulating in effluent-exposed fish, and the great potential of metabolomics for both identifying plasma marker (bio)chemicals for monitoring exposure to wastewater effluents, and for targeting studies on potential consequent impacts on fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Al-Salhi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK BN1 9QJ
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Lahti M, Brozinski JM, Segner H, Kronberg L, Oikari A. Bioavailability of pharmaceuticals in waters close to wastewater treatment plants: use of fish bile for exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1831-1837. [PMID: 22581764 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitous in surface waters as a consequence of discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants. However, few studies have assessed the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals to fish in natural waters. In the present study, passive samplers and rainbow trout were experimentally deployed next to three municipal wastewater treatment plants in Finland to evaluate the degree of animal exposure. Pharmaceuticals from several therapeutic classes (in total 15) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in extracts of passive samplers and in bile and blood plasma of rainbow trout held at polluted sites for 10 d. Each approach indicated the highest exposure near wastewater treatment plant A and the lowest near that of plant C. Diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen were found in rainbow trout, and their concentrations in bile were 10 to 400 times higher than in plasma. The phase I metabolite hydroxydiclofenac was also detected in bile. Hence, bile proved to be an excellent sample matrix for the exposure assessment of fish. Most of the monitored pharmaceuticals were found in passive samplers, implying that they may overestimate the actual exposure of fish in receiving waters. Two biomarkers, hepatic vitellogenin and cytochrome P4501A, did not reveal clear effects on fish, although a small induction of vitellogenin mRNA was observed in trout caged near wastewater treatment plants B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Lahti
- Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Urbatzka R, Rocha E, Reis B, Cruzeiro C, Monteiro RAF, Rocha MJ. Effects of ethinylestradiol and of an environmentally relevant mixture of xenoestrogens on steroidogenic gene expression and specific transcription factors in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 164:28-35. [PMID: 22318008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments fish are exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) present at low concentrations and with different modes of actions. Here, adult zebrafish of both sexes were exposed for 21 days to an estrogenic mixture (Mix) of eleven EDCs previously quantified in Douro River estuary (Portugal) and to 100 ng/L 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) as positive control. Vitellogenin mRNA and HSI in males confirmed both exposure regimes as physiologically active. Potential candidates for estrogenic disturbance of steroidogenesis were identified (StAR, 17β-HSD1, cyp19a1), but Mix only affected cyp19a1 in females. Significant differences in the response of FSHβ, cypa19a2, 20β-HSD were observed between EE2 and Mix. Mtf-1 and tfap2c transcription factor binding sites were discovered in the putative promoter regions and corresponding transcription factors were found to be differentially expressed in response to Mix and EE2. The results suggest that "non-classical effects" of estrogenic EDC in fish are mediated via transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Urbatzka
- Laboratory of Cellular, Molecular and Analytical Studies (LECEMA), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associated Laboratory (CIMAR LA), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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Lange A, Katsu Y, Miyagawa S, Ogino Y, Urushitani H, Kobayashi T, Hirai T, Shears JA, Nagae M, Yamamoto J, Ohnishi Y, Oka T, Tatarazako N, Ohta Y, Tyler CR, Iguchi T. Comparative responsiveness to natural and synthetic estrogens of fish species commonly used in the laboratory and field monitoring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 109:250-258. [PMID: 22000336 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to estrogenic chemicals discharged into the aquatic environment has been shown to induce feminization in wild freshwater fish and although fish species have been reported to differ in their susceptibility for these effects, empirical studies that directly address this hypothesis are lacking. In this study, in vitro ERα activation assays were applied in a range of fish species used widely in chemical testing (including, zebrafish, fathead minnow, medaka) and/or as environmental monitoring species (including, roach, stickleback, carp) to assess their comparative responsiveness to natural (estrone, estradiol, estriol) and synthetic (17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES)) estrogens. In vivo exposures to EE2 via the water (nominal 2 and 10 ng/L for 7 days) were also conducted for seven fish species to compare their responsiveness for hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA induction (an ER mediated response). Of the fish species tested, zebrafish ERα was found to be the most responsive and carp and stickleback ERα the least responsive to natural steroid estrogens. This was also the case for exposure to EE2 with an ERα-mediated response sensitivity order of zebrafish > medaka > roach > fathead minnow > carp > stickleback. For VTG mRNA induction in vivo, the order of species responsiveness was: rainbow trout (not tested in the ERα activation assays) > zebrafish > fathead minnow > medaka > roach > stickleback > carp. Overall, the responses to steroid estrogens in vitro via ERα compared well with those seen in vivo (VTG induction for exposure to EE2) showing in vitro screening of chemicals using fish ERα-mediated responses indicative of estrogenic responses (VTG induction) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Lange
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4PS, United Kingdom.
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Cubero-Leon E, Puinean AM, Labadie P, Ciocan C, Itoh N, Kishida M, Osada M, Minier C, Hill EM, Rotchell JM. Two CYP3A-like genes in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis: mRNA expression modulation following short-term exposure to endocrine disruptors. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 74:32-39. [PMID: 22189070 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Members of the vertebrate CYP3A subfamily are involved in the metabolism of steroids and a wide range of xenobiotics. In this study two CYP3A-like mRNAs have been isolated from the mussel (Mytilus edulis), and their seasonal expression profile and modulation by estrogens examined. Sexual dimorphism of CYP3A-like mRNA expression was not observed in mussel gonads of individuals collected throughout a year. Nevertheless, natural variation in gonadal CYP3A-like mRNA expression was observed, with highest levels of CYP3A isoform1 and lowest levels of CYP3A isoform2 mRNA during the maturation and spawning season. Exposure to a 10% sewage treatment works extract did not result in any significant changes in mRNA expression of CYP3A-like. In contrast, exposure to E2 (200 ng/L) and TBT (100 ng/L) significantly down-regulated the expression of CYP3A-like isoform1 but not CYP3A-like isoform2 suggesting differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cubero-Leon
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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Liu J, Wang R, Huang B, Lin C, Zhou J, Pan X. Biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in high-back crucian carp exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 162:325-331. [PMID: 22243881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have been shown to cause adverse effects, but the uptake of EDCs from effluents (measured in fish muscle) are not known. In this study, the biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic EDCs were assessed in high-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to WWTP effluents for 141 days. Compared with fish controls caged in Dianchi Lake, a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and increase in hepatosomatic index (HSI) and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels were observed in effluent-exposed fish. The concentrations of steroids and phenols in effluent-exposed fish showed time-dependent increase during the exposure. In addition, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for steroids and phenols were between 17 and 59 on day 141. The results confirm that steroids and phenols bioconcentrate in fish muscle and this accumulation may account for the biological effects associated with exposures to WWTP effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
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Rostkowski P, Horwood J, Shears JA, Lange A, Oladapo FO, Besselink HT, Tyler CR, Hill EM. Bioassay-directed identification of novel antiandrogenic compounds in bile of fish exposed to wastewater effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:10660-7. [PMID: 22047186 DOI: 10.1021/es202966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of feminized male fish downstream of some UK Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTWs) has been associated with exposure to estrogenic and potentially antiandrogenic (AA) contaminants in the effluents. In this study, profiling of AA contaminants in WwTW effluents and fish was conducted using HPLC in combination with in vitro androgen receptor transcription screens. Analysis of extracts of wastewater effluents revealed complex profiles of AA activity comprising 21-53 HPLC fractions. Structures of bioavailable antiandrogens were identified by exposing rainbow trout to a WwTW effluent and profiling the bile for AA activity using yeast (anti-YAS) and mammalian-based (AR-CALUX) androgen receptor transcription screens. The predominant fractions with AA activity in both androgen receptor screens contained the germicides chlorophene and triclosan, and together these contaminants accounted for 51% of the total anti-YAS activity in the fish bile. Other AA compounds identified in bile included chloroxylenol, dichlorophene, resin acids, napthols, oxybenzone, 4-nonylphenol, and bisphenol A. Pure standards of these compounds were active in the androgen receptor screens at potencies relative to flutamide of between 0.1 and 13.0. Thus, we have identified, for the first time, a diverse range of AA chemicals in WwTWs that are bioavailable to fish and which need to be assessed for their risk to the reproductive health of these organisms and other aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Rostkowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, BN1 9QG Brighton, U.K
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The development of an optimized sample preparation for trace level detection of 17α-ethinylestradiol and estrone in whole fish tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3649-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu J, Wang R, Huang B, Lin C, Wang Y, Pan X. Distribution and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in wild fish species from Dianchi Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2815-2822. [PMID: 21645950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were studied in various tissues of wild fish species from Dianchi Lake, China. In muscle tissue, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-cumylphenol, 4-nonlyphenol and bisphenol A were detected in fish from each sampling site, with maximal concentrations of 4.6, 4.4, 18.9 and 83.5 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Steroids (estrone, 17β-estradiol 17α-ethynylestradiol and estriol) were found at lower levels (<11.3 ng/g dw) and less frequently in muscle samples. The highest concentrations of steroids and phenols were found in liver, followed by those in gill and the lowest concentration was found in muscle. The field bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of phenols were calculated in fish species ranged from 18 to 97. Moreover, the measured tissue concentrations were utilized in order to estimate water concentration of steroids (4.4-18.0 ng/L). These results showed that steroidal and phenolic EDCs were likely ubiquitous contaminants in wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
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Dietary intake of 17α-ethinylestradiol promotes leukocytes infiltration in the gonad of the hermaphrodite gilthead seabream. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:2079-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Raut SA, Howell WM, Angus RA. Endocrine-disrupting effects of spironolactone in female western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:1376-1382. [PMID: 21351124 DOI: 10.1002/etc.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of pharmaceuticals in effluent from wastewater treatment plants and drug manufacturing facilities and in receiving waters has raised environmental concern. Because these compounds are ending up in the environment, it is important to investigate the effects of these compounds on wildlife as well as humans. The present study used a fish model to investigate the endocrine-disrupting effects of spironolactone (SPL), an aldosterone antagonist used as a diuretic, but which also exhibits antiandrogenic effects in humans. A dose-response study measured the effects of SPL on anal fin ray elongation, an androgen-dependent secondary sex trait, and expression of the vitellogenin gene, an estrogen-dependent trait, in female western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Fish were exposed to SPL in the water for 35 d at four nominal concentrations: 10, 100, 250, and 500 nM (4.2, 41.7, 104.1, and 208.3 µg/L, respectively) via the static renewal method. Masculinization of females, as evidenced by development of an elongated and modified anal fin, was observed in the fish exposed to the three highest concentrations. Anal fin elongation was observed in the group exposed to the lowest SPL concentration, but without the development of a tip apparatus. These results confirm the results of a preliminary study that, in contrast to antiandrogenic effects seen in humans, SPL has androgenic and/or antiestrogenic activity in a fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha A Raut
- Biology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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47
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Effect-Directed Analysis of Endocrine Disruptors in Aquatic Ecosystems. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Optimization of large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reinen J, Suter MJF, Vögeli AC, Fernandez MF, Kiviranta H, Eggen RIL, Vermeulen NPE. Endocrine disrupting chemicals-Linking internal exposure to vitellogenin levels and ovotestis in Abramis brama from Dutch surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:209-223. [PMID: 21787654 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of male bream from three Dutch freshwater locations to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and corresponding effects are described in this study. Fish specimen displaying reproductive disorders associated with high levels of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations and occurrence of ovotestis (OT) were investigated. To provide information on the full spectrum of EDCs in fish tissue, adipose tissue samples of individual fish were analyzed for nearly 130 chemicals targeting different compound classes (bisphenols, alkylphenols, pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and biphenyls (PBBs)) and steroid hormones. To establish whether tissue from specimen with reproductive disorders shows a spectrum of EDCs that is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of controls free of symptoms, bioassay-directed fractionation was performed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES), the E-Screen bioassay, the human sulfotransferase 1E1 (SULT1E1) inhibition assay, and the coumestrol-based estrogen receptor α (ERα) high resolution screening (HRS) assay. No differences in estrogenicity could be observed between the cases and controls and steroidal estrogens accounted for the majority of estrogenicity found in the complex mixtures. In this study, the combination of the different assays employed to measure total estrogenicity and the SULT1E1 inhibition does not predict the outcome of unwanted physiological effects, however, it can be used to determine the presence of EDCs in fish samples and their estrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Reinen
- LACDR-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vallejo A, Usobiaga A, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Cajaraville MP, Fernández LA, Zuloaga O. Focused ultrasound-assisted acceleration of enzymatic hydrolysis of alkylphenols and 17β-oestradiol glucuronide in fish bile. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2307-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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