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Hong S, Lee J, Cha J, Gwak J, Khim JS. Effect-Directed Analysis Combined with Nontarget Screening to Identify Unmonitored Toxic Substances in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19148-19155. [PMID: 37972298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) combined with nontarget screening (NTS) has established a valuable tool for the identification of unmonitored toxic substances in environmental samples. It consists of three main steps: (1) highly potent fraction identification, (2) toxicant candidate selection, and (3) major toxicant identification. Here, we discuss the methodology, current status, limitations, and future challenges of EDA combined with NTS. This method has been applied successfully to various environmental samples, such as sediments, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and biota. We present several case studies and highlight key results. EDA has undergone significant technological advancements in the past 20 years, with the establishment of its key components: target chemical analysis, bioassays, fractionation, NTS, and data processing. However, it has not been incorporated widely into environmental monitoring programs. We provide suggestions for the application of EDA combined with NTS in environmental monitoring programs and management, with the identification of further research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ruan T, Li P, Wang H, Li T, Jiang G. Identification and Prioritization of Environmental Organic Pollutants: From an Analytical and Toxicological Perspective. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10584-10640. [PMID: 37531601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental organic pollutants has triggered significant ecological impacts and adverse health outcomes, which have been received substantial and increasing attention. The contribution of unidentified chemical components is considered as the most significant knowledge gap in understanding the combined effects of pollutant mixtures. To address this issue, remarkable analytical breakthroughs have recently been made. In this review, the basic principles on recognition of environmental organic pollutants are overviewed. Complementary analytical methodologies (i.e., quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction, mass spectrometric nontarget screening, and effect-directed analysis) and experimental platforms are briefly described. The stages of technique development and/or essential parts of the analytical workflow for each of the methodologies are then reviewed. Finally, plausible technique paths and applications of the future nontarget screening methods, interdisciplinary techniques for achieving toxicant identification, and burgeoning strategies on risk assessment of chemical cocktails are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Misaki K, Tue NM, Takamura-Enya T, Takigami H, Suzuki G, Tuyen LH, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Antiandrogenic and Estrogenic Activity Evaluation of Oxygenated and Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression Assays. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:80. [PMID: 36612408 PMCID: PMC9819389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To establish the risk of the endocrine disrupting activity of polycyclic aromatic compounds, especially oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs and nitro-PAHs, respectively), antiandrogenic and estrogenic activities were determined using chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assays with human osteoblast sarcoma cells. A total of 27 compounds including 9 oxy-PAHs (polycyclic aromatic ketones and quinones) and 8 nitro-PAHs was studied. The oxy-PAHs of 7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one (BAO), 11H-benzo[a]fluoren-11-one (B[a]FO), 11H-benzo[b]fluoren-11-one (B[b]FO), and phenanthrenequinone (PhQ) exhibited significantly the potent inhibition of AR activation. All nitro-PAHs exhibited high antiandrogenic activities (especially high for 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NFA) and 3-nitro-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one (3-NBAO)), and the AR inhibition was confirmed as noncompetitive for 3-NFA, 3-NBAO, and 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNPy). Antiandrogenic activity of 3-NFA demonstrated characteristically a U-shaped dose-response curve; however, the absence of fluorescence effect on the activity was confirmed. The prominent estrogenic activity dependent on dose-response curve was confirmed for 2 oxy-PAHs (i.e., B[a]FO and B[b]FO). Elucidating the role of AR and ER on the effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (e.g., oxy- and nitro-PAHs) to endocrine dysfunctions in mammals and aquatic organisms remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Misaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Vietnam
| | - Takeji Takamura-Enya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Takigami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Vietnam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Agricultural Faculty, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Jiang J, He B, Wei Y, Cui J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Liu D, Wang P, Zhou Z. The toxic effects of combined exposure of chlorpyrifos and p, p'-DDE to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tissue bioaccumulation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106194. [PMID: 35623197 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used and frequently detected in the environment. The evaluation on the toxic effects of the co-exposure of two or more pesticides or related metabolites could reflect the real situation of the exposing risks. In this study, zebrafish was used as a model to investigate the potential toxic interactions of chlorpyrifos and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on the survival rate, oxidative stress response and neurotoxicity, as well as their bioaccumulation and distribution in tissues. Co-exposure of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE resulted in significant additive acute toxic effects on adult zebrafish with model deviation ratio (MDR) = 1.64. Both 7-day short-term at 1% LC50 and 35-day long-term at 0.5% LC50 co-exposure of chlorpyrifos with p,p'-DDE (50 and 100 µg/L) significantly reduced the survival rate of zebrafish colony to 75 and 82.5%. Co-exposure of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE contributed to increased activity of antioxidant enzyme CAT, SOD and GST and excessive MDA generation, and decreased activity of CarE, CYP450 and AChE, compared with either single exposure of them. In co-exposure, the bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE was significantly different from the single exposure group. Overall, this study unraveled the potential toxic interaction of chlorpyrifos and p,p'-DDE on zebrafish and provided reference for environmental risk assessment of pesticide mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bingying He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yimu Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Simonnet-Laprade C, Bayen S, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Data analysis strategies for the characterization of chemical contaminant mixtures. Fish as a case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106610. [PMID: 33965766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals are potentially contaminating the environment and food resources, covering a wide spectrum of molecular structures, physico-chemical properties, sources, environmental behavior and toxic profiles. Beyond the description of the individual chemicals, characterizing contaminant mixtures in related matrices has become a major challenge in ecological and human health risk assessments. Continuous analytical developments, in the fields of targeted (TA) and non-targeted analysis (NTA), have resulted in ever larger sets of data on associated chemical profiles. More than ever, the implementation of advanced data analysis strategies is essential to elucidate profiles and extract new knowledge from these large data sets. Specifically focusing on the data analysis step, this review summarizes the recent progress in integrating data analysis tools into TA and NTA workflows to address the challenging characterization of chemical mixtures in environmental and food matrices. As fish matrices are relevant in both aquatic pollution and consumer exposure perspectives, fish was chosen as the main theme to illustrate this review, although the present document is equally relevant to other food and environmental matrices. The key features of TA and NTA data sets were reviewed to illustrate the challenges associated with their analysis. Advanced filtering strategies to mine NTA data sets are presented, with a particular focus on chemical filters and discriminant analysis. Further, the applications of supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis methods to characterize exposure to chemical mixtures, and their associated challenges, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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Akinola LK, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE. In silico prediction of nuclear receptor binding to polychlorinated dibenzofurans and its implication on endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:357-365. [PMID: 34693345 PMCID: PMC8515090 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are known to cause endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife but the mechanisms underlying this disruption have not been adequately investigated. In this paper, the susceptibility of the endocrine system to disruption by PCDF congeners via nuclear receptor binding was studied using molecular docking simulation. Findings revealed that some PCDF congeners exhibit high probabilities of binding to androgen receptor in its agonistic and antagonistic conformations. In depth molecular docking analysis of the receptor-ligand complexes formed by PCDFs with androgen receptor in its agonistic and antagonistic conformations showed that, these complexes were stabilized by electrostatic, van der Waals, pi-effect and hydrophobic interactions. It was also observed that PCDF molecules mimic the modes of interaction observed in androgen-testosterone and androgen-bicalutamide complexes, utilizing between 65 and 83% of the amino acid residues used by the co-crystallized ligands for binding. This computational study suggests that some PCDF congeners may act as agonists and antagonists of androgen receptor in humans and wildlife via inapproprate binding to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman K. Akinola
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Weltmeyer A, Dogruer G, Hollert H, Ouellet JD, Townsend K, Covaci A, Weijs L. Distribution and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and methoxylated polybrominated diphenylethers in different tissues of the green turtle Chelonia mydas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116795. [PMID: 33640813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigating environmental pollution is important to understand its impact on endangered species such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas). In this study, we investigated the accumulation and potential toxicity of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and naturally occurring MeO-PBDEs in liver, fat, kidney and muscle of turtles (n = 30) of different gender, size, year of death, location and health status. Overall, POP concentrations were low and accumulation was highest in liver and lowest in fat which is likely due to the poor health of several animals, causing a remobilization of lipids and associated compounds. PCBs and p,p'-DDE dominated the POP profiles, and relatively high MeO-PBDE concentrations (2'-MeO-BDE 68 up to 192 ng/g lw, 6-MeO-BDE 47 up to 79 ng/g lw) were detected in all tissues. Only few influences of factors such as age, gender and location were found. While concentrations were low compared to other marine wildlife, biological toxicity equivalences obtained by screening the tissue extracts using the micro-EROD assay ranged from 2.8 to 356 pg/g and the highest values were observed in muscle, followed by kidney and liver. This emphazises that pollutant mixtures found in the turtles have the potential to cause dioxin-like effects in these animals and that dioxin-like compounds should not be overlooked in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Weltmeyer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Gülsah Dogruer
- School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jacob D Ouellet
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Kathy Townsend
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, Australia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Weijs
- School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Mashjoor S, Mohamadjafari Dehkordi S, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Cappello T. Emerging POPs-type cocktail signatures in Pusa caspica in quantitative structure-activity relationship of Caspian Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124334. [PMID: 33162245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Caspian seal Pusa caspica is the only endemic mammalian species throughout the Caspian Sea. This is the first report on risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Caspian seals by age-sex and tissue-specific uptake, and their surrounding environment (seawater, surface sediments, and suspended particulate matters, SPMs) in the Gorgan Bay (Caspian Sea, Iran). Among the quantified 70 POPs (∑35PCBs, ∑3HCHs, ∑6CHLs, ∑6DDTs, ∑17PCDD/Fs, HCB, dieldrin, and aldrin), ∑35PCBs were dominant in abiotic matrices (48.80% of ∑70POPs), followed by HCHs > CHLs > DDTs > PCDD/Fs > other POPs in surface sediments > SPMs > seawater, while the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQWHO) exceeded the safe value (possible risk in this area). In biota, the highest levels of ∑70POPs were found in males (756.3 ng g-1 dw, p < 0.05), followed by females (419.0 ng g-1 dw) and pups (191.6 ng g-1 dw) in liver > kidney > muscle > blubber > intestine > fur > heart > spleen > brain. The positive age-related POPs declining correlation between mother-pup pairs suggested the possible maternal transfer of POPs to offspring. The cocktail toxicity assessment revealed that Caspian seals can pose a low risk based on their mixed-TEQ values. Self-organizing map (SOM) indicated the non-coplanar PCB-93 as the most over-represented functional congener in tissue-specific POPs bioaccumulation. Quantitative toxicant tissue-profiling is valuable for predicting the state of mixture toxicity in pinniped species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mashjoor
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shirin Mohamadjafari Dehkordi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Mukai K, Fujimori T, Anh HQ, Fukutani S, Kunisue T, Nomiyama K, Takahashi S. Extractable organochlorine (EOCl) and extractable organobromine (EOBr) in GPC-fractionated extracts from high-trophic-level mammals: Species-specific profiles and contributions of legacy organohalogen contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143843. [PMID: 33303197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that unidentified compounds constitute a large proportion of extractable organochlorine (EOCl) and extractable organobromine (EOBr) in the crude extracts without fractionation; however, the proportion of unidentified EOX (X = chlorine, bromine) associated with high-/low-molecular-weight compounds is still unknown. In this study, we applied gel permeation chromatography to fractionate extracts from archived liver samples of high-trophic marine and terrestrial mammals (striped dolphins, cats, and raccoon dogs), for which concentrations of legacy organohalogen contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs]) had been previously reported. EOX in high- (>1000 g/mol) and low- (≤1000 g/mol) molecular-weight fractions (EOX-H and EOX-L) were determined by neutron activation analysis. Comparison of EOCl and EOBr enabled the characterization among species. Despite small differences in the concentrations and molecular-weight profiles of EOCl among species, the contribution of chlorine in identified compounds to EOCl-L varied from 1.5% (cats) to 79% (striped dolphins). Considerable species-specific variations were observed in the concentrations of EOBr: striped dolphins exhibited significantly greater concentrations of both EOBr-H and EOBr-L than cats and/or raccoon dogs. Moreover, the contribution of bromine in PBDEs to EOBr-L was >50% in two cats, while it was <6% in other specimens. This is the first report on EOBr mass balance in cetaceans and on EOX mass balance in terrestrial mammals living close to humans. These results suggest the need for analysis of unidentified chlorinated compounds in terrestrial mammals and unidentified brominated compounds in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Mukai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukutani
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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10
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Reiter EB, Jahnke A, König M, Siebert U, Escher BI. Influence of Co-Dosed Lipids from Biota Extracts on the Availability of Chemicals in In Vitro Cell-Based Bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4240-4247. [PMID: 32118404 PMCID: PMC7144218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of chemicals from biota leads to co-extraction of lipids. When dosing such extracts into in vitro bioassays, co-dosed lipids act as an additional phase that can reduce the bioavailability of the chemicals and the apparent sensitivity of the assay. Equilibrium partitioning between medium, cells, and co-dosed lipids was described with an existing equilibrium partitioning model for cell-based bioassays extended by an additional lipid phase. We experimentally investigated the influence of co-dosed lipids on the effects elicited by four test chemicals of different hydrophobicity in two bioassays, indicative of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and oxidative stress response (AREc32). The partitioning model explained the effect of the test chemicals in the presence of spiked triolein within a factor of 0.33-5.83 between the measured and predicted effect concentration (EC). We applied the model to marine mammal blubber extracted with silicone. Extracts dosed in the AREc32 bioassay showed a linear increase of apparent EC with increasing lipid fraction. The partitioning model was used to interpret the role of the co-extracted lipid. A quantitative lipid correction of bioassay results in the presence of co-dosed lipids was possible for known compounds and defined mixtures, while we could only estimate a range for mixtures of unknown chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva B. Reiter
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49 341 235 1823. Fax: +49 341 235 1787
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute
for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Dent MP, Li H, Carmichael PL, Martin FL. Employing Dietary Comparators to Perform Risk Assessments for Anti-Androgens Without Using Animal Data. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:375-384. [PMID: 30247711 PMCID: PMC6358230 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the use of androgen receptor (AR) reporter gene assay data in a non-animal exposure-led risk assessment in which in vitro anti-androgenic activity and exposure data were put into context using a naturally occurring comparator substance with a history of dietary consumption. First, several dietary components were screened to identify which selectively interfered with AR signaling in vitro, using the AR CALUX® test. The IC50 values from these dose-response data together with measured or predicted human exposure levels were used to calculate exposure: activity ratios (EARs) for the dietary components and a number of other well-known anti-androgenic substances. Both diindolylmethane (DIM) and resveratrol are specifically acting dietary anti-androgens. The EARs for several anti-androgens were therefore expressed relative to the EAR of DIM, and how this 'dietary comparator ratio' (DCR) approach may be used to make safety decisions was assessed using an exposure-led case study for an anti-androgenic botanical ingredient. This highlights a pragmatic approach which allows novel chemical exposures to be put into context against dietary exposures to natural anti-androgenic substances. The DCR approach may have utility for other modes of action where appropriate comparators can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Dent
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Hequn Li
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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12
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You J, Li H. Improving the accuracy of effect-directed analysis: the role of bioavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1484-1498. [PMID: 29114659 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00377c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been suffering from contamination by multiple stressors. Traditional chemical-based risk assessment usually fails to explain the toxicity contributions from contaminants that are not regularly monitored or that have an unknown identity. Diagnosing the causes of noted adverse outcomes in the environment is of great importance in ecological risk assessment and in this regard effect-directed analysis (EDA) has been designed to fulfill this purpose. The EDA approach is now increasingly used in aquatic risk assessment owing to its specialty in achieving effect-directed nontarget analysis; however, a lack of environmental relevance makes conventional EDA less favorable. In particular, ignoring the bioavailability in EDA may cause a biased and even erroneous identification of causative toxicants in a mixture. Taking bioavailability into consideration is therefore of great importance to improve the accuracy of EDA diagnosis. The present article reviews the current status and applications of EDA practices that incorporate bioavailability. The use of biological samples is the most obvious way to include bioavailability into EDA applications, but its development is limited due to the small sample size and lack of evidence for metabolizable compounds. Bioavailability/bioaccessibility-based extraction (bioaccessibility-directed and partitioning-based extraction) and passive-dosing techniques are recommended to be used to integrate bioavailability into EDA diagnosis in abiotic samples. Lastly, the future perspectives of expanding and standardizing the use of biological samples and bioavailability-based techniques in EDA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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13
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Suzuki G, Nakamura M, Michinaka C, Tue NM, Handa H, Takigami H. Separate screening of brominated and chlorinated dioxins in field samples using in vitro reporter gene assays with rat and mouse hepatoma cell lines. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 975:86-95. [PMID: 28552310 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, a joint World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Environment Programme expert panel recommended the use of the WHO toxicity equivalency factor (TEF) scheme for assessment of the human health risks of brominated dioxins which have different sources from chlorinated dioxins. Therefore, WHO toxic equivalents (TEQs) should be determined for both chlorinated and brominated dioxins. As alternative to the conventional but time-consuming dioxin analysis using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have developed a screening method involving cleanup and separation of brominated dioxins from chlorinated dioxins in field samples and subsequent analysis by CALUX (chemically activated luciferase expression) assays which are in vitro reporter gene assays detecting dioxin-like compounds. Cleanup and separation were accomplished with silica gel columns impregnated with 55% sulfuric acid and with 10% silver nitrate, respectively, and the average recoveries of the major contributors to the WHO-TEQs were approximately 90%. The CALUX 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (CALUX-TEQs) derived from all the dioxin-like compounds in the cleanup fractions of the field samples (n = 24) were measured by means of the CALUX assays, indicating significant positive correlations between the WHO-TEQs and CALUX-TEQs (r ≥ 0.969, P < 0.001). We found that the ratios of the chlorinated dioxin-derived WHO-TEQs to the brominated dioxin-derived WHO-TEQs were strongly positively correlated with the ratios of the CALUX-TEQs derived from the chlorinated dioxin fractions to the CALUX-TEQs derived from the brominated dioxin fractions (r ≥ 0.833, P < 0.001). These results suggest that our method will be useful for estimating the contributions of chlorinated and brominated dioxins to WHO-TEQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | | | - Chieko Michinaka
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | | | - Hidetaka Takigami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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14
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Foster WG, Evans JA, Little J, Arbour L, Moore A, Sauve R, Andrés León J, Luo W. Human exposure to environmental contaminants and congenital anomalies: a critical review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 47:59-84. [PMID: 27685638 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1211090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are an important cause of infant mortality and disability. Developmental exposure to environmental contaminants is thought to increase the risk for congenital anomalies. Herein, we describe a critical review of the literature conducted between February and March 2014 yielding 3057 references from which 97 unique relevant articles published from 2003 through 2014 were evaluated. Common congenital anomalies including hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance (AGD), congenital heart defects and oral clefts were well represented in the literature whereas other outcomes such as neural tube defects, limb deficiency defects and gastroschisis were rarely described. While definitions used for congenital anomalies and methods of ascertainment were usually consistent across studies, inconsistencies were frequently found in grouping of different congenital heart defects. Despite strong links between some congenital anomalies and parental occupation, these studies are unable to provide clear insight into the specific chemicals responsible owing to lack of direct measures of exposure. In comparison, data are mixed for contaminant exposures at concentrations representative of results from contemporary biomonitoring studies. Of the environmental contaminants studied, the association between phthalate exposures and developmental abnormalities of the male reproductive tract received the greatest attention. Important limitations of the literature studied relate to adequacy of sample size, absence of or weaknesses in exposure assessment methodologies, failure to account for biological plausibility and grouping of congenital anomalies with divergent mechanisms. We conclude that the literature is inadequate at this time to support a conclusion that exposure to environmental contaminants are or are not associated with increased risks for congenital anomalies in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Foster
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jane A Evans
- b Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Julian Little
- c School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- d Department of Medical Genetics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Aideen Moore
- e Department of Paediatrics , University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Reg Sauve
- f Department of Community Health Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Juan Andrés León
- g Maternal, Child and Youth Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division , Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wei Luo
- g Maternal, Child and Youth Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division , Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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16
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Maruya KA, Dodder NG, Mehinto AC, Denslow ND, Schlenk D, Snyder SA, Weisberg SB. A tiered, integrated biological and chemical monitoring framework for contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2016; 12:540-7. [PMID: 26426153 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemical-specific risk-based paradigm that informs monitoring and assessment of environmental contaminants does not apply well to the many thousands of new chemicals that are being introduced into ambient receiving waters. We propose a tiered framework that incorporates bioanalytical screening tools and diagnostic nontargeted chemical analysis to more effectively monitor for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The framework is based on a comprehensive battery of in vitro bioassays to first screen for a broad spectrum of CECs and nontargeted analytical methods to identify bioactive contaminants missed by the currently favored targeted analyses. Water quality managers in California have embraced this strategy with plans to further develop and test this framework in regional and statewide pilot studies on waterbodies that receive discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and stormwater runoff. In addition to directly informing decisions, the data obtained using this framework can be used to construct and validate models that better predict CEC occurrence and toxicity. The adaptive interplay among screening results, diagnostic assessment and predictive modeling will allow managers to make decisions based on the most current and relevant information, instead of extrapolating from parameters with questionable linkage to CEC impacts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:540-547. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stephen B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
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17
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Brack W, Ait-Aissa S, Burgess RM, Busch W, Creusot N, Di Paolo C, Escher BI, Mark Hewitt L, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jonker W, Kool J, Lamoree M, Muschket M, Neumann S, Rostkowski P, Ruttkies C, Schollee J, Schymanski EL, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Tindall AJ, De Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Vrana B, Krauss M. Effect-directed analysis supporting monitoring of aquatic environments--An in-depth overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1073-118. [PMID: 26779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often contaminated with complex mixtures of chemicals that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. This contamination cannot be addressed with target analysis alone but tools are required to reduce this complexity and identify those chemicals that might cause adverse effects. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is designed to meet this challenge and faces increasing interest in water and sediment quality monitoring. Thus, the present paper summarizes current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required, and provides practical advice on their application. The paper highlights the need for proper problem formulation and gives general advice for study design. As the EDA approach is directed by toxicity, basic principles for the selection of bioassays are given as well as a comprehensive compilation of appropriate assays, including their strengths and weaknesses. A specific focus is given to strategies for sampling, extraction and bioassay dosing since they strongly impact prioritization of toxicants in EDA. Reduction of sample complexity mainly relies on fractionation procedures, which are discussed in this paper, including quality assurance and quality control. Automated combinations of fractionation, biotesting and chemical analysis using so-called hyphenated tools can enhance the throughput and might reduce the risk of artifacts in laboratory work. The key to determining the chemical structures causing effects is analytical toxicant identification. The latest approaches, tools, software and databases for target-, suspect and non-target screening as well as unknown identification are discussed together with analytical and toxicological confirmation approaches. A better understanding of optimal use and combination of EDA tools will help to design efficient and successful toxicant identification studies in the context of quality monitoring in multiply stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem Jonker
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- VU Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Muschket
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pawel Rostkowski
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Schollee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrag, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Sun J, Wang C, Peng H, Zheng G, Zhang S, Hu J. p,p'-DDE Induces Gonadal Intersex in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations: Comparison with o,p'-DDT. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:462-469. [PMID: 26606134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported high body burdens of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in wild fishes worldwide. This study evaluated the adverse effects of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and o,p'-DDT on gonadal development and reproduction by exposing transgenic Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) from hatch for 100 days. While both p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT induced intersex in male medaka, the lowest observable effective concentration (LOEC) of o,p'-DDT was 57.7 ng/g ww, about 5-fold lower than that (272 ng/g ww) of p,p'-DDE. Since LOECs of both chemicals were comparable to the body concentrations in wild fish, DDT contamination would likely contribute to the occurrence of intersex observed in wild fish. Exposure to o,p'-DDT resulted in much higher expression of vitellogenin in liver of males than p,p'-DDE, accordant with the higher potency of o,p'-DDT than p,p'-DDE to induce intersex. This phenomenon could be partly explained by the significantly elevated levels of 17β-estradiol in plasma of males exposed to o,p'-DDT, in addition to its estrogenic activity via the estrogen receptor. Significantly lower fertilization (p = 0.006) and hatchability (p = 0.019) were observed in the 13 intersex males. This study for the first time demonstrated the induction of intersex and reproductive effects of p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxian Sun
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Peng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomao Zheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Jin L, Escher BI, Limpus CJ, Gaus C. Coupling passive sampling with in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis to understand combined effects of bioaccumulative chemicals in blood of marine turtles. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:292-299. [PMID: 26091870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional target analysis of biological samples such as blood limits our ability to understand mixture effects of chemicals. This study aimed to establish a rapid passive sampling technique using the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for exhaustive extraction of mixtures of neutral organic chemicals accumulated in blood of green turtles, in preparation for screening in in vitro bioassays. We designed a PDMS-blood partitioning system based on the partition coefficients of chemicals between PDMS and major blood components. The sampling kinetics of hydrophobic test chemicals (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; PCDDs) from blood into PDMS were reasonably fast reaching steady state in <96 h. The geometric mean of the measured PDMS-blood partition coefficients for PCDDs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was 14 L blood kg PDMS(-1) and showed little variability (95% confidence interval from 8.4 to 29) across a wide range of hydrophobicity (logKow 5.7-8.3). The mass transfer of these chemicals from 5 mL blood into 0.94 g PDMS was 62-84%, which is similar to analytical recoveries in conventional solvent extraction methods. The validated method was applied to 15 blood samples from green turtles with known concentrations of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, PBDEs and organochlorine pesticides. The quantified chemicals explained most of the dioxin-like activity (69-98%), but less than 0.4% of the oxidative stress response. The results demonstrate the applicability of PDMS-based passive sampling to extract bioaccumulative chemicals from blood as well as the value of in vitro bioassays for capturing the combined effects of unknown and known chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Beate I Escher
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Cell Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Germany.
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (Queensland), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline Gaus
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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Misaki K, Suzuki G, Tue NM, Takahashi S, Someya M, Takigami H, Tajima Y, Yamada TK, Amano M, Isobe T, Tanabe S. Toxic Identification and Evaluation of Androgen Receptor Antagonistic Activities in Acid-Treated Liver Extracts of High-Trophic Level Wild Animals from Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11840-11848. [PMID: 26321157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuric acid-treated liver extracts of representative high-trophic level Japanese animals were analyzed by toxic identification and evaluation (TIE) with chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) and chemical analysis to elucidate androgen receptor (AR) antagonistic activities and potential contributions of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The activities were detected in striped dolphins (n = 5), Stejneger's beaked whales (n = 6), golden eagle (n = 1), and Steller's sea eagle (n = 1) with CALUX-flutamide equivalents (FluEQs) as follow: 38 (20-52), 47 (21-96), 5.0, and 80 μg FluEQ/g-lipid, respectively. The AR antagonism was detected in limited number of specimens at lower levels for finless porpoise, raccoon dog, and common cormorant. Theoretical activities (Theo-FluEQs) were calculated using the concentration of OCPs and PCBs and their IC25-based relative potency (REP) values. These total contribution to CALUX-FluEQ was 126%, 84%, 53%, 55%, and 44% for striped dolphin, Steller's sea eagle, Stejneger's beaked whale, finless porpoise, and golden eagle, respectively, and the main contributor was p,p'-DDE. However, most of the activities for raccoon dog (7.6%) and common cormorant (17%) could not be explained by OCPs and PCBs. This suggests other unknown compounds could function as AR antagonists in these terrestrial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Misaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
- School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka , Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) , Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayuki Someya
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Takigami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) , Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yuko Tajima
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Hyakunin-cho 3-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Tadasu K Yamada
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Hyakunin-cho 3-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Masao Amano
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University , Bunkyo-cho 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
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21
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Pieterse B, Rijk IJC, Simon E, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Fokke BFH, van der Wijk M, Besselink H, Weber R, van der Burg B. Effect-based assessment of persistent organic pollutant and pesticide dumpsite using mammalian CALUX reporter cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14442-54. [PMID: 26022396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A combined chemical and biological analysis of samples from a major obsolete pesticide and persistent organic pollutant (POP) dumpsite in Northern Tajikistan was carried out. The chemical analytical screening focused on a range of prioritized compounds and compounds known to be present locally. Since chemical analytics does not allow measurements of hazards in complex mixtures, we tested the use of a novel effect-based approach using a panel of quantitative high-throughput CALUX reporter assays measuring distinct biological effects relevant in hazard assessment. Assays were included for assessing effects related to estrogen, androgen, and progestin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling, AP1 signaling, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, chemical hypoxia, and ER stress. With this panel of assays, we first quantified the biological activities of the individual chemicals measured in chemical analytics. Next, we calculated the expected sum activity by these chemicals in the samples of the pesticide dump site and compared the results with the measured CALUX bioactivity of the total extracts of these samples. The results showed that particularly endocrine disruption-related effects were common among the samples. This was consistent with the toxicological profiles of the individual chemicals that dominated these samples. However, large discrepancies between chemical and biological analysis were found in a sample from a burn place present in this site, with biological activities that could not be explained by chemical analysis. This is likely to be caused by toxic combustion products or by spills of compounds that were not targeted in the chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pieterse
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - I J C Rijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - E Simon
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M van der Wijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - B van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Rapid activity-directed screening of estrogens by parallel coupling of liquid chromatography with a functional gene reporter assay and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:165-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Jin L, Gaus C, Escher BI. Adaptive stress response pathways induced by environmental mixtures of bioaccumulative chemicals in dugongs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6963-6973. [PMID: 25923886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To address the poorly understood mixture effects of chemicals in the marine mammal dugong, we coupled equilibrium-based passive sampling in blubber to a range of in vitro bioassays for screening mixtures of bioaccumulative chemicals. The modes of action included early effect indicators along important toxicity pathways, such as induction of xenobiotic metabolism, and some integrative indicators downstream of the molecular initiating event, such as adaptive stress responses. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response were found to be the most prominent effects, while the p53-mediated DNA damage response and NF-κB-mediated response to inflammation were not significantly affected. Although polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) quantified in the samples accounted for the majority of AhR-mediated activity, PCDDs explained less than 5% of the total oxidative stress response, despite their known ability to activate this pathway. Altered oxidative stress response was observed with both individual chemicals and blubber extracts subject to metabolic activation by rat liver S9 fraction. Metabolic activation resulted in both enhanced and reduced toxicity, suggesting the relevance and utility of incorporating metabolic enzymes into in vitro bioassays. Our approach provides a first insight into the burden of toxicologically relevant bioaccumulative chemical mixtures in dugongs and can be applied to lipid tissue of other wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- †The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4018, Australia
| | - Caroline Gaus
- †The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4018, Australia
| | - Beate I Escher
- †The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4018, Australia
- ‡UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ∥Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Estrogenic evaluation and organochlorine identification in blubber of North Sea harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the North Sea coast. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:438295. [PMID: 26075240 PMCID: PMC4449880 DOI: 10.1155/2015/438295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen individual organochlorine compounds at 3 concentrations (80, 400, and 2000 ng/mL culture medium), as well as mixtures, were assayed for the estrogen receptor (ER) activation or inhibition, using a luciferase reporter gene assay (RGA). None of the PCB 138, 153, or 180 or their mixture induced a response in the RGA. o,p′-DDT was the most potent xenoestrogen from the DDT group, inducing a response already at 80 ng/mL. From the HCH and HCB group, only β-HCH (at 400 and 2000 ng/mL) and δ-HCH (at 2000 ng/mL) displayed estrogenic activities. These 13 organochlorines were determined by GC-MS in 12 samples of North Sea harbor porpoise blubber. The PCBs were the main contaminants. Within each group, PCB 153 (6.0 × 102~4.2 × 104
μg/kg), p,p′-DDE (5.1 × 102~8.6 × 103
μg/kg), and HCB (7.6 × 101~1.5 × 103
μg/kg) were the compounds found in highest concentrations. The hormonal activity of the porpoise blubber samples was also assayed in RGA, where two samples showed estrogenic activity, seven samples showed antiestrogenic activity, and one sample showed both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity. Our results suggest that the 13 POPs measured by GC-MS in the samples cannot explain alone the estrogenicity of the extracts.
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25
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Simon E, Lamoree MH, Hamers T, de Boer J. Challenges in effect-directed analysis with a focus on biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Simmons DBD, McMaster ME, Reiner EJ, Hewitt LM, Parrott JL, Park BJ, Brown SB, Sherry JP. Wild fish from the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern contain elevated tissue concentrations of PCBs and exhibit evidence of endocrine-related health effects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:124-37. [PMID: 24576942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Bay of Quinte (BOQ) is an Area of Concern listed under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish in the BOQ AOC has led to restrictions on fish consumption by humans, which is a beneficial use impairment. Adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) were sampled from Trenton, Belleville, and Deseronto (reference site) in the BOQ. A suite of hormone assays and various measures of exposure and/or sublethal health effects were used to assess the health status of fish of both species and sex. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, circulating steroid and thyroid hormones, thyroid activation, oocyte size distribution, spermatogenic cell stages, and plasma vitellogenin were among the endpoints that were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by location. Many of those effects corresponded with significantly (p < 0.05) greater tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at Belleville and Trenton. Hepatic extracts from brown bullhead sampled from Trenton had significantly (p < 0.05) greater binding activity to the androgen receptor and sex steroid binding protein. Taken together, these data and preliminary data from a concomitant study suggest that PCBs are likely being hydroxylated in vivo, resulting in enhanced bioactivity at endocrine receptors and measurable health responses. The present study supports the growing body of evidence that PCBs and their metabolites can affect fish thyroid and steroid hormone systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B D Simmons
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - M E McMaster
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - E J Reiner
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L M Hewitt
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - B J Park
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S B Brown
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J P Sherry
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada
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27
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Burgess RM, Ho KT, Brack W, Lamoree M. Effects-directed analysis (EDA) and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE): Complementary but different approaches for diagnosing causes of environmental toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1935-45. [PMID: 23893495 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 2 approaches are available for performing environmental diagnostics on samples like municipal and industrial effluents, interstitial waters, and whole sediments to identify anthropogenic contaminants causing toxicological effects. One approach is toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), which was developed primarily in North America to determine active toxicants to whole-organism endpoints. The second approach is effects-directed analysis (EDA), which has origins in both Europe and North America. Unlike TIE, EDA uses primarily in vitro endpoints with an emphasis on organic contaminants as the cause of observed toxicity. The 2 approaches have fundamental differences that make them distinct techniques. In EDA, the sophisticated and elegant fractionation and chemical analyses performed to identify the causes of toxicity with a high degree of specificity often compromise contaminant bioavailability. In contrast, in TIE, toxicant bioavailability is maintained and is considered critical to accurately identifying the causes of environmental toxicity. However, maintaining contaminant bioavailability comes with the cost of limiting, at least until recently, the use of the types of sophisticated fractionation and elegant chemical analyses that have resulted in the high specificity of toxicant diagnosis performed in EDA. The present study provides an overview of each approach and highlights areas where the 2 approaches can complement one another and lead to the improvement of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burgess
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA.
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28
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Jin L, Gaus C, van Mourik L, Escher BI. Applicability of passive sampling to bioanalytical screening of bioaccumulative chemicals in marine wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7982-7988. [PMID: 23758596 DOI: 10.1021/es401014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of bioaccumulative contaminants in biota is time and cost-intensive and the required extensive cleanup steps make it selective toward targeted chemical groups. Therefore tissue extracts prepared for chemical analysis are not amenable to assess the combined effects of unresolved complex mixtures. Passive equilibrium sampling with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has the potential for unbiased sampling of mixtures, and the PDMS extracts can be directly dosed into cell-based bioassays. The passive sampling approach was tested by exposing PDMS to lipid-rich tissue (dugong blubber; 85% lipid) spiked with a known mixture of hydrophobic contaminants (five congeners of tetra- to octachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins). The equilibrium was attained within 24 h. Lipid-PDMS partition coefficients (Klip-PDMS) ranged from 20 to 38, were independent of hydrophobicity, and within the range of those previously measured for organochlorine compounds. To test if passive sampling can be combined with bioanalysis without the need for chemical cleanup, spiked blubber-PDMS extracts were dosed into the CAFLUX bioassay, which specifically targets dioxin-like chemicals. Small quantities of lipids coextracted by the PDMS were found to affect the kinetics in the regularly applied 24-h bioassay; however, this effect was eliminated by a longer exposure period (72 h). The validated method was applied to 11 unspiked dugong blubber samples with known (native) dioxin concentrations. These results provide the first proof of concept for linking passive sampling of lipid-rich tissue with cell-based bioassays, and could be further extended to other lipid rich species and a wider range of bioanalytical end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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29
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Suzuki G, Tue NM, Malarvannan G, Sudaryanto A, Takahashi S, Tanabe S, Sakai SI, Brouwer A, Uramaru N, Kitamura S, Takigami H. Similarities in the endocrine-disrupting potencies of indoor dust and flame retardants by using human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell-based reporter gene assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:2898-908. [PMID: 23398518 DOI: 10.1021/es304691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is a sink for many kinds of pollutants, including flame retardants (FRs), plasticizers, and their contaminants and degradation products. These pollutants can be migrated to indoor dust from household items such as televisions and computers. To reveal high-priority end points of and contaminant candidates in indoor dust, using CALUX reporter gene assays based on human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell lines, we evaluated and characterized the endocrine-disrupting potencies of crude extracts of indoor dust collected from Japan (n = 8), the United States (n = 21), Vietnam (n = 10), the Philippines (n = 17), and Indonesia (n = 10) and for 23 selected FRs. The CALUX reporter gene assays used were specific for compounds interacting with the human androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2). Indoor dust extracts were agonistic to ERα, GR, and PPARγ2 and antagonistic against AR, PR, GR, and PPARγ2. In comparison, a majority of FRs was agonistic to ERα and PPARγ2 only, and some FRs demonstrated receptor-specific antagonism against all tested nuclear receptors. Hierarchical clustering clearly indicated that agonism of ERα and antagonism of AR and PR were common, frequently detected end points for indoor dust and tested FRs. Given our previous results regarding the concentrations of FRs in indoor dust and in light of our current results, candidate contributors to these effects include not only internationally controlled brominated FRs but also alternatives such as some phosphorus-containing FRs. In the context of indoor pollution, high-frequency effects of FRs such as agonism of ERα and antagonism of AR and PR are candidate high-priority end points for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
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