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Rincón-Rodríguez JC, Cárdenas-Hernández PA, Murillo-Gelvez J, Di Toro DM, Allen HE, Carbonaro RF, Chiu PC. Comparative Evaluation of Mediated Electrochemical Reduction and Chemical Redox Titration for Quantifying the Electron Accepting Capacities of Soils and Redox-Active Soil Constituents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:17674-17684. [PMID: 39322992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The electron accepting capacity (EAC) of soil plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and transformation of redox-labile contaminants. Prior EAC studies of soils and soil constituents utilized different methods, reductants, and mediators, making cross-study comparison difficult. This study was conducted to quantify and compare the EACs of two soil constituents (hematite and Leonardite humic acid) and 12 soils of diverse composition, using chemical redox titration (CRT) with dithionite as the reductant and mediated electrochemical reduction (MER) with diquat as the mediator. The EACs of hematite and humic acid measured by CRT (EACCRT) and MER (EACMER) are similar and close to the theoretical/reported values. For soils, EACCRT and EACMER increased with iron and organic carbon (TOC) contents, suggesting iron and carbon were the main contributors to soil EAC. EACCRT > EACMER for all soils, and their difference (ΔEAC = EACCRT - EACMER) increased with TOC, presumably due to the longer contact time in CRT and thus more complete reduction of carbonaceous redox moieties. We propose an equation that relates EACCRT to EACMER (ΔEAC = 1796fTOC + 32) and another that predicts EACCRT from dithionite-reducible Fe and TOC (EACCRT = 2705 μmol e-/g C × fTOC + 17907 μmol e-/g Fe × fFedithionite-reducible). Our results suggest that at least 10-15% of soil organic carbon contributed to EACCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Rincón-Rodríguez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Paula A Cárdenas-Hernández
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jimmy Murillo-Gelvez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dominic M Di Toro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Herbert E Allen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Richard F Carbonaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York 10471, United States
- Mutch Associates LLC, Ramsey, New Jersey 07446, United States
| | - Pei C Chiu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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2
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Yang L, Wu H, Zhao Y, Tan X, Wei Y, Guan Y, Huang G. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 dissimilatory reduction of ferrihydrite to highly enhance mineral transformation and reactive oxygen species production in redox-fluctuating environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141364. [PMID: 38336034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diverse paths generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can mediate contaminant transformation and fate in the soil/aquatic environments. However, the pathways for ROS production upon the oxygenation of redox-active ferrous iron minerals are underappreciated. Ferrihydrite (Fh) can be reduced to produce Fe(II) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a representative strain of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB). The microbial reaction formed a spent Fh product named mr-Fh that contained Fe(II). Material properties of mr-Fh were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Magnetite could be observed in all mr-Fh samples produced over 1-day incubation, which might greatly favor the Fe(II) oxygenation process to produce hydroxyl radical (•OH). The maximum amount of dissolved Fe(II) can reach 1.1 mM derived from added 1 g/L Fh together with glucose as a carbon source, much higher than the 0.5 mM generated in the case of the Luria-Bertani carbon source. This may confirm that MR-1 can effectively reduce Fh and produce biogenetic Fe(II). Furthermore, the oxygenation of Fe(II) on the mr-Fh surface can produce abundant ROS, wherein the maximum cumulative •OH content is raised to about 120 μM within 48 h at pH 5, but it is decreased to about 100 μM at pH 7 for the case of MR-1/Fh system after a 7-day incubation. Thus, MR-1-mediated Fh reduction is a critical link to enhance ROS production, and the •OH species is among them the predominant form. XPS analysis proves that a conservable amount of Fe(II) species is subject to adsorption onto mr-Fh. Here, MR-1-mediated ROS production is highly dependent on the redox activity of the form Fe(II), which should be the counterpart presented as the adsorbed Fe(II) on surfaces. Hence, our study provides new insights into understanding the mechanisms that can significantly govern ROS generation in the redox-oscillation environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinjie Tan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanfu Wei
- National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Yufeng Guan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Gouyong Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Li R, Zhang L, Chen Y, Xia Q, Liu D, Huang Y, Dong H. Oxidation of Biogenic U(IV) in the Presence of Bioreduced Clay Minerals and Organic Ligands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1541-1550. [PMID: 38199960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Bioreduction of soluble U(VI) to sparingly soluble U(IV) is proposed as an effective approach to remediating uranium contamination. However, the stability of biogenic U(IV) in natural environments remains unclear. We conducted U(IV) reoxidation experiments following U(VI) bioreduction in the presence of ubiquitous clay minerals and organic ligands. Bioreduced Fe-rich nontronite (rNAu-2) and Fe-poor montmorillonite (rSWy-2) enhanced U(IV) oxidation through shuttling electrons between oxygen and U(IV). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citrate, and siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) promoted U(IV) oxidation via complexation with U(IV). In the presence of both rNAu-2 and EDTA, the rate of U(IV) oxidation was between those in the presence of rNAu-2 and EDTA, due to a clay/ligand-induced change of U(IV) speciation. However, the rate of U(IV) oxidation in other combinations of reduced clay and ligands was higher than their individual ones because both promoted U(IV) oxidation. Unexpectedly, the copresence of rNAu-2/rSWy-2 and DFOB inhibited U(IV) oxidation, possibly due to (1) blockage of the electron transport pathway by DFOB, (2) inability of DFOB-complexed Fe(III) to oxidize U(IV), and (3) stability of the U(IV)-DFOB complex in the clay interlayers. These findings provide novel insights into the stability of U(IV) in the environment and have important implications for the remediation of uranium contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Li
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyin Xia
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Qian Y, Scheinost AC, Grangeon S, Greneche JM, Hoving A, Bourhis E, Maubec N, Churakov SV, Fernandes MM. Oxidation State and Structure of Fe in Nontronite: From Oxidizing to Reducing Conditions. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1868-1881. [PMID: 37881367 PMCID: PMC10594735 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The redox reaction between natural Fe-containing clay minerals and its sorbates is a fundamental process controlling the cycles of many elements such as carbon, nutrients, redox-sensitive metals, and metalloids (e.g., Co, Mn, As, Se), and inorganic as well as organic pollutants in Earth's critical zone. While the structure of natural clay minerals under oxic conditions is well-known, less is known about their behavior under anoxic and reducing conditions, thereby impeding a full understanding of the mechanisms of clay-driven reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions especially under reducing conditions. Here we investigate the structure of a ferruginous natural clay smectite, nontronite, under different redox conditions, and compare several methods for the determination of iron redox states. Iron in nontronite was gradually reduced chemically with the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) method. 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy including its pre-edge, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and mediated electrochemical oxidation and reduction (MEO/MER) provided consistent Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios. By combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we show that the long-range structure of nontronite at the highest obtained reduction degree of 44% Fe(II) is not different from that of fully oxidized nontronite except for a slight basal plane dissolution on the external surfaces. The short-range order probed by EXAFS spectroscopy suggests, however, an increasing structural disorder and Fe clustering with increasing reduction of structural Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Qian
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute
for Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
(ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs
71, 38043, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of
Resource Ecology, Bautzner
Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marc Greneche
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans IMMM UMR CNRS 6283,
Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Alwina Hoving
- TNO
Geological Survey of The Netherlands,
P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bourhis
- Interfaces,
Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), CNRS/Université
d’Orléans, UMR 7374, 1b rue de la Férollerie, CS 40059, 45071 Orléans, France
| | | | - Sergey V. Churakov
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute
for Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Chen L, Wang D, Sun T, Fan T, Wu S, Fang G, Yang M, Zhou D. Quantification of the redox properties of microplastics and their effect on arsenite oxidation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:777-785. [PMID: 38933300 PMCID: PMC11197510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics have attracted global concern. The environmental-weathering processes control their fate, transport, transformation, and toxicity to wildlife and human health, but their impacts on biogeochemical redox processes remain largely unknown. Herein, multiple spectroscopic and electrochemical approaches in concert with wet-chemistry analyses were employed to characterize the redox properties of weathered microplastics. The spectroscopic results indicated that weathering of phenol-formaldehyde resins (PFs) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to a slight decrease in the content of phenol functional groups, accompanied by an increase in semiquinone radicals, quinone, and carboxylic groups. Electrochemical and wet-chemistry quantifications, coupled with microbial-chemical characterizations, demonstrated that the PFs exhibited appreciable electron-donating capacity (0.264-1.15 mmol e- g-1) and electron-accepting capacity (0.120-0.300 mmol e- g-1). Specifically, the phenol groups and semiquinone radicals were responsible for the electron-donating capacity, whereas the quinone groups dominated the electron-accepting capacity. The reversible redox peaks in the cyclic voltammograms and the enhanced electron-donating capacity after accepting electrons from microbial reduction demonstrated the reversibility of the electron-donating and -accepting reactions. More importantly, the electron-donating phenol groups and weathering-induced semiquinone radicals were found to mediate the production of H2O2 from oxygen for arsenite oxidation. In addition to the H2O2-weathered PFs, the ozone-aged PF and polystyrene were also found to have electron-donating and arsenite-oxidation capacity. This study reports important redox properties of microplastics and their effect in mediating contaminant transformation. These findings will help to better understand the fate, transformation, and biogeochemical roles of microplastics on element cycling and contaminant fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dengjun Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tianran Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Yang
- Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Schacherl B, Joseph C, Beck A, Lavrova P, Schnurr A, Dardenne K, Geyer F, Cherkezova-Zheleva Z, Göttlicher J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Np(V) Retention at the Illite du Puy Surface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11185-11194. [PMID: 37460108 PMCID: PMC10399294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Np(V) retention on Illite du Puy (IdP) was investigated since it is essential for understanding the migration behavior of Np in argillaceous environments. The presence of structural Fe(III) and Fe(II) in IdP was confirmed by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. In batch sorption experiments, a higher Np sorption affinity to IdP was found than to Wyoming smectite or iron-free synthetic montmorillonite. An increase of the relative Np(IV) ratio sorbed onto IdP with decreasing pH was observed by solvent extraction (up to (24 ± 2)% at pH 5, c0(Np) = 10-6 mol/L). Furthermore, up to (33 ± 5)% Np(IV) could be detected in IdP diffusion samples at pH 5. Respective Np M5-edge high-energy resolution (HR-) XANES spectra suggested the presence of Np(IV/V) mixtures and weakened axial bond covalency of the NpO2+ species sorbed onto IdP. Np L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that significant fractions of Np were coordinated to Fe─O entities at pH 9. This highlights the potential role of Fe(II/III) clay edge sites as a strong Np(V) surface complex partner and points to the partial reduction of sorbed Np(V) to Np(IV) via structural Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Joseph
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Polina Lavrova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnurr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Geyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. G. Bonchev" Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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7
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Rothwell KA, Pentrak MP, Pentrak LA, Stucki JW, Neumann A. Reduction Pathway-Dependent Formation of Reactive Fe(II) Sites in Clay Minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37418593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural Fe in clay minerals is an important, potentially renewable source of electron equivalents for contaminant reduction, yet our knowledge of how clay mineral Fe reduction pathways and Fe reduction extent affect clay mineral Fe(II) reactivity is limited. Here, we used a nitroaromatic compound (NAC) as a reactive probe molecule to assess the reactivity of chemically reduced (dithionite) and Fe(II)-reduced nontronite across a range of reduction extents. We observed biphasic transformation kinetics for all nontronite reduction extents of ≥5% Fe(II)/Fe(total) regardless of the reduction pathway, indicating that two Fe(II) sites of different reactivities form in nontronite at environmentally relevant reduction extents. At even lower reduction extents, Fe(II)-reduced nontronite completely reduced the NAC whereas dithionite-reduced nontronite could not. Our 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and kinetic modeling results suggest that the highly reactive Fe(II) entities likely comprise di/trioctahedral Fe(II) domains in the nontronite structure regardless of the reduction mechanism. However, the second Fe(II) species, of lower reactivity, varies and for Fe(II)-reacted NAu-1 likely comprises Fe(II) associated with an Fe-bearing precipitate formed during electron transfer from aqueous to nontronite Fe. Both our observation of biphasic reduction kinetics and the nonlinear relationship of rate constant and clay mineral reduction potential EH have major implications for contaminant fate and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rothwell
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P Pentrak
- Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Linda A Pentrak
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph W Stucki
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anke Neumann
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Interface Geochemistry, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Zhang P, Zhu B, Li S, Du W, Peng H, Liu B, Wang Z. Biochar conductivity and electron donating capability control Cr(VI) bioreduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138950. [PMID: 37196795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can facilitate Cr(VI) bioreduction, but it is still undetermined which biochar property control this process. We observed that the apparent Cr(VI) bioreduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 could be identified as a fast and a relatively slow processes. The fast-bioreduction rates (rf0) were 2-15 times higher than the slow-bioreduction rates (rs0). In this study, we investigated the kinetics and efficiency of biochar in promoting Cr(VI) reduction by S. oneidensis MR-1 in the neutral solution using a "dual-process model" (fast and slow processes), and analyzed the mechanisms of biochar concentration, conductivity, particle size and other properties on these two processes. The correlation analysis of these rate constants and biochar properties was carried out. The fast-bioreduction rates were associated with higher conductivity and smaller particle sizes of biochar, which facilitated the direct electron transfer from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) slow-bioreduction rates (rs0) were mainly determined by the electron donating capability of biochar and independent of the cell concentration. Our results suggested that Cr(VI) bioreduction was mediated by both electron conductivity and redox potential of biochar. This result is instructive for biochar production. Manipulating biochar properties to control fast and slow Cr(VI) reduction may be helpful to effectively remove or detoxify Cr(VI) in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Bingqian Zhu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shunling Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hongbo Peng
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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9
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Cao H, Pavitt AS, Hudson JM, Tratnyek PG, Xu W. Electron exchange capacity of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM): complementarity of square-wave voltammetry in DMSO and mediated chronoamperometry in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:767-780. [PMID: 36891820 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM) is derived from black carbon, which is important in the global carbon cycle and other biogeochemical redox processes. The electron-exchange capacity (EEC) of pyDOM has been characterized in water using mediated chronoamperometry (MCA), which gives precise results under specific operational conditions, but the broader significance of these EECs is less clear. In this study, we described a novel but complementary electrochemical approach to quantify EECs of pyDOM without mediation using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Using both the SWV and MCA methods, we determined EECs for 10 pyDOMs, 6 natural organic matter (NOM) samples, and 2 model quinones. The two methods gave similar EECs for model quinones, but SWV gave larger EECs than MCA for NOM and pyDOM (by several-fold and 1-2 orders of magnitude, respectively). The differences in the EECs obtained by SWV and MCA likely are due to multiple factors, including the potential range of electrons sampled, kinetics of electron transfer from (macro)molecular structures, and coupling of electron and proton transfer steps. Comparison of the results obtained by these two methods should provide new insights into important environmental processes such as carbon-cycling, wildfire recovery, and contaminant mitigation using carbon-based amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
| | - Ania S Pavitt
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Hudson
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
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10
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Liu J, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Liu W, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Liang X. Mechanism of mercapto-modified palygorskite in reducing soil Cd activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159372. [PMID: 36244493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercapto-modified palygorskite (MP) is an efficient novel amendment with superior ability to decrease soil Cd bioavailability, but the unclear immobilization mechanism has become the bottleneck of its performance improvement and precise application. In order to clarify the Cd reducing mechanism of MP, long-term and short-term soil incubation with three types of soils (paddy soil, alluvial soil and yellow mountain soil) and sorption verification experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamic process of soil labile Cd impacted by MP and the synergetic effects on labile Fe, Mn, S and dissolved organic carbon via in-situ diffusive gradients in thin-films and soil solution sampling techniques. MP with four dosages rapidly and continuously decreased soil labile Cd contents by 14.50 % ∼ 89.16 % in long-term incubation, meanwhile low-dosage MP reduced soil labile Fe and Mn contents, but high-dosage MP increased their contents. With MP dosages increased, the effects of Fe-Mn oxides on soil labile Cd content gradually weakened. MP effectively promoted the reduction of Fe adsorbed by clay minerals and enhanced their ability to adsorb Cd. Short-term incubation showed that MP could decline soil labile Cd by 7.17 % ∼ 44.74 %, especially at the dosage 0.4 %. MP was a reduction catalyst to facilitate Fe reduction, which profited for clay minerals adsorbing Cd. The sorption experiments indicated that 0.30 % MP could adsorb 73.34 % Cd2+, promote the release of Fe2+ from the soil, and stimulate the ability of clay minerals to adsorb Cd. The results revealed that MP decreased soil labile Cd content within 2 d, and MP made soil Cd activity change out of the influence of soil Fe/Mn redox system. The mechanism will be beneficial for the large-scale application of MP in safe utilization of Cd contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qiwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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11
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Fan Q, Wang L, Fu Y, Li Q, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhu H. Iron redox cycling in layered clay minerals and its impact on contaminant dynamics: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:159003. [PMID: 36155041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A majority of clay minerals contain Fe, and the redox cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) in clay minerals has been extensively studied as it may fuel the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and govern the mobility, toxicity and bioavailability of a number of environmental contaminants. There are three types of Fe in clay minerals, including structural Fe sandwiched in the lattice of clays, Fe species in interlayer space and adsorbed on the external surface of clays. They exhibit distinct reactivity towards contaminants due to their differences in redox properties and accessibility to contaminant species. In natural environments, microbially driven Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling in clay minerals is thought to be important, whereas reductants (e.g., dithionite and Fe(II)) or oxidants (e.g., peroxygens) are capable of enhancing the rates and extents of redox dynamics in engineered systems. Fe(III)-containing clay minerals can directly react with oxidizable pollutants (e.g., phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)), whereas structural Fe(II) is able to react with reducible pollutants, such as nitrate, nitroaromatic compounds, chlorinated aliphatic compounds. Also structural Fe(II) can transfer electrons to oxygen (O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), yielding reactive radicals that can promote the oxidative transformation of contaminants. This review summarizes the recent discoveries on redox reactivity of Fe in clay minerals and its links to fates of environmental contaminants. The biological and chemical reduction mechanisms of Fe(III)-clay minerals, as well as the interaction mechanism between Fe(III) or Fe(II)-containing clay minerals and contaminants are elaborated. Some knowledge gaps are identified for better understanding and modelling of clay-associated contaminant behavior and effective design of remediation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Fan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Beijing 102628, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Huaiyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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12
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Zhang H, Quan H, Zhou S, Sun L, Lu H. Enhanced performance and electron transfer of sulfur-mediated biological process under polyethylene terephthalate microplastics exposure. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:119038. [PMID: 36067605 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in estuaries, coasts, sewage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which could arouse unexpected effects on critical microbial processes in wastewater treatment. In this study, polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs) were selected to investigate the mechanism of its influence on the performance of sulfur-mediated biological process from the perspective of microbial metabolic activity, electron transfer capacity and microbial community. The results indicated that the exposure of 50 particles/L PET-MPs improved the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate removal efficiencies by 6.6 ± 0.5% and 4.5 ± 0.3%, respectively, due to the stimulation of microbial metabolic activity and the enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) species, such as Desulfobacter. In addition, we found that the PET-MPs promoted Cytochrome C (Cyt C) production and improved the direct electron transfer (DET) capacity mediated by Cyt C. The long-term presence of PET-MPs stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), especially the proteins and humic substances, which have been verified to be electroactive polymers to act as electron shuttles to promote the interspecies electron transfer pathway in sulfur-mediated biological process. Meanwhile, the transformation products (bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and Mono (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) of PET-MPs were detected in sulfur-mediated biological process. These findings indicate that the sulfur-mediated biological process has good adaptability to the toxicity of PET-MPs, which strengthens a deeper understanding of the dual function of microplastics in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518021, PR China
| | - Haoting Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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13
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Hudson JM, Luther GW, Chin YP. Influence of Organic Ligands on the Redox Properties of Fe(II) as Determined by Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9123-9132. [PMID: 35675652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) has been extensively studied due to its importance as a reductant in biogeochemical processes and contaminant attenuation. Previous studies have shown that ligands can alter aqueous Fe(II) redox reactivity but their data interpretation is constrained by the use of probe compounds. Here, we employed mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) as an approach to directly quantify the extent of Fe(II) oxidation in the absence and presence of three model organic ligands (citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid, and ferrozine) across a range of potentials (EH) and pH, thereby manipulating oxidation over a broad range of fixed thermodynamic conditions. Fe(III)-stabilizing ligands enhanced Fe(II) reactivity in thermodynamically unfavorable regions (i.e., low pH and EH) while an Fe(II) stabilizing ligand (ferrozine) prevented oxidation across all thermodynamic regions. We experimentally derived apparent standard redox potentials, EHϕ, for these and other (oxalate, oxalate2, NTA2, EDTA, and OH2) Fe-ligand redox couples via oxidative current integration. Preferential stabilization of Fe(III) over Fe(II) decreased EHϕ values, and a Nernstian correlation between EHϕ and log(KFe(III)/KFe(II)) exists across a wide range of potentials and stability constants. We used this correlation to estimate log(KFe(III)/KFe(II)) for a natural organic matter isolate, demonstrating that MEO can be used to measure iron stability constant ratios for unknown ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Hudson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - George W Luther
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware 19958, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Chin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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14
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Hansma HG. Potassium at the Origins of Life: Did Biology Emerge from Biotite in Micaceous Clay? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:301. [PMID: 35207588 PMCID: PMC8880093 DOI: 10.3390/life12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular potassium concentrations, [K+], are high in all types of living cells, but the origins of this K+ are unknown. The simplest hypothesis is that life emerged in an environment that was high in K+. One such environment is the spaces between the sheets of the clay mineral mica. The best mica for life's origins is the black mica, biotite, because it has a high content of Mg++ and because it has iron in various oxidation states. Life also has many of the characteristics of the environment between mica sheets, giving further support for the possibility that mica was the substrate on and within which life emerged. Here, a scenario for life's origins is presented, in which the necessary processes and components for life arise in niches between mica sheets; vesicle membranes encapsulate these processes and components; the resulting vesicles fuse, forming protocells; and eventually, all of the necessary components and processes are encapsulated within individual cells, some of which survive to seed the early Earth with life. This paper presents three new foci for the hypothesis of life's origins between mica sheets: (1) that potassium is essential for life's origins on Earth; (2) that biotite mica has advantages over muscovite mica; and (3) that micaceous clay is a better environment than isolated mica for life's origins.
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15
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Zubiarrain-Laserna A, Angizi S, Akbar MA, Divigalpitiya R, Selvaganapathy PR, Kruse P. Detection of free chlorine in water using graphene-like carbon based chemiresistive sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2485-2496. [PMID: 35425275 PMCID: PMC8979178 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free chlorine is the most commonly used water disinfectant. Measuring its concentration during and after water treatment is crucial to ensure its effectiveness. However, many of the existing methods do not allow for continuous on-line monitoring. Here we demonstrate a solid state chemiresistive sensor using graphene-like carbon (GLC) that overcomes that issue. GLC films that were either bare or non-covalently functionalized with the redox-active phenyl-capped aniline tetramer (PCAT) were successfully employed to quantify aqueous free chlorine, although functionalized devices showed better performance. The response of the sensors to increasing concentrations of free chlorine followed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm in the two tested ranges: 0.01–0.2 ppm and 0.2–1.4 ppm. The limit of detection was estimated to be 1 ppb, permitting the detection of breaches in chlorine filters. The devices respond to decreasing levels of free chlorine without the need for a reset, allowing for the continuous monitoring of fluctuations in the concentration. The maximum sensor response and saturation concentration were found to depend on the thickness of the GLC film. Hence, the sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensors can be tailored to different applications by adjusting the thickness of the films. Tap water samples from a residential area were tested using these sensors, which showed good agreement with standard colorimetric measurement methods. The devices did not suffer from interferences in the presence of ions commonly found in drinking water. Overall, these sensors are a cost-effective option for the continuous automated monitoring of free chlorine in drinking water. Chemiresistive sensors based on graphene-like carbon films are very stable and sensitive. They can be used for continuous online monitoring of free chlorine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zubiarrain-Laserna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Md Ali Akbar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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16
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Zhang N, Tong M, Yuan S. Redox transformation of structural iron in nontronite induced by quinones under anoxic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149637. [PMID: 34416610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In natural anoxic subsurface environments, the geochemical cycles of iron are largely associated with the migration and transformation of organic matter. Intensive attention has been paid to the redox interaction of organic matter with aqueous Fe and iron (hydr)oxides. Whereas, the abiotic redox cycling of structural Fe in clay minerals induced by quinones has not been well understood. In this study, we selected nontronite (NAu-2) as a model Fe-bearing phyllosilicate clay mineral and 1,4-hydroquinone (H2Q)/1,4-benquinone (BQ) as a model quinone couple. Our results show that the structural Fe(III) in NAu-2, with tetrahedral Fe(III) priority, can oxidize H2Q into BQ, and octahedral Fe(II) in NAu-2 can reduce BQ to H2Q, with semiquinone radicals (SQ-) as intermediate. The extent of the redox reactions depends on the reduction potential difference between NAu-2 and H2Q/BQ. However, a fraction of Fe(II)-Fe(III)-OH and Fe(II)-Fe(II)-OH groups in the octahedral sheet are difficult to be oxidized by BQ, because the reduction potential gradient decreases to a low level as the reaction proceeds. And the structure of NAu-2 can only partially restored upon re-oxidation with tetrahedral Fe(III) irreversibility. Output of this study replenishes the understanding regarding redox cycling of structural Fe in clay minerals induced by quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Basin Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China.
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17
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Review: Clay-Modified Electrodes in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Degradation of Organic Compounds: The Potential of Structural Fe(III) as Catalytic Sites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247742. [PMID: 34947335 PMCID: PMC8703352 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are considered as a promising technology for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from industrial wastewaters. In particular, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process has several advantages such as allowing the working pH to be circumneutral or alkaline, recovering and reusing the catalyst and avoiding the release of iron in the environment as a secondary pollutant. Among different iron-containing catalysts, studies using clay-modified electrodes in HEF process are the focus in this review. Fe(III)/Fe(II) within the lattice of clay minerals can possibly serve as catalytic sites in HEF process. The description of the preparation and application of clay-modified electrodes in the degradation of model pollutants in HEF process is detailed in the review. The absence of mediators responsible for transferring electrons to structural Fe(III) and regenerating catalytic Fe(II) was considered as a milestone in the field. A comprehensive review of studies investigating the use of electron transfer mediators as well as the mechanism behind electron transfer from and to the clay mineral structure was assembled in order to uncover other milestones to be addressed in this study area.
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18
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Li S, Kappler A, Haderlein SB, Zhu YG. Powering biological nitrogen removal from the environment by geobatteries. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:377-380. [PMID: 34776260 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Geobatteries are redox-active substances that can take up, store, and release electrons reversibly. Provided that their redox activity can be maintained by fluctuations of oxidizing and reducing redox conditions, geobatteries could also improve the performance of engineered systems, such as in biological nitrogen removal from wastewater or constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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19
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Wang Y, Ling J, Gu C, Zhou S, Jin X. Dissolution of Fe from Fe-bearing minerals during the brown-carbonization processes in atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148133. [PMID: 34119791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found Fe dissolution in atmosphere correlates to biomass burning, while the underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated. In this study, we reported a laboratory investigation about Fe dissolution behavior of two model Fe-bearing clay minerals of montmorillonite (SWy-2) and illite (IMt-2), and one standard mineral dust of Arizona test dust (AZTD) in atmospheric condition (pH = 2), after the minerals engaging into the brown-carbonization reaction with guaiacol, which is a commonly detected volatile phenol substance in biomass burning. The results show that the pre-brown-carbonization reaction promoted Fe dissolution from all the three minerals, attributing to the reduction of Fe(III) by gaseous guaiacol. The Fe dissolution from SWy-2, IMt-2 and AZTD were also compared under both light and dark conditions to simulate the daytime and nighttime atmospheric processes. As a result, model solar irradiation further promoted Fe dissolution from IMt-2 and AZTD, since both minerals contain moderate photo-reducible Fe(III) oxide or/and Fe(III) oxyhydroxide. The promotive effect of solar irradiation on Fe dissolution from AZTD would be gradually diminished because the photo-reactive Fe(III) is also guaiacol-reducible. Whereas, it was on the contrary for SWy-2 which does not contain the Fe(III) (oxyhydr-)oxide phase. And more dependently, the photo-induced hydroxyl radical (OH) on SWy-2 would re-oxidize the formed Fe(II), unless sufficient amount of guaiacol or brown-carbonization products on SWy-2 consumed the OH and complexed with surface coordinated Fe(III) forming photo-reducible Fe(III). The results of this study suggested the brown carbonization process on minerals would greatly mediate the Fe dissolution behavior from the Fe-bearing mineral dusts in atmosphere. Similar processes might need to be taken into consideration to accurately evaluate the input of Fe from atmosphere to open oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Jingyi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shaoda Zhou
- Nanjing Kaver Scientific Instruments, Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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20
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Electrochemical analysis of flubendiamide in water and white rice using clay microparticles supported on pencil electrode. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Huang J, Jones A, Waite TD, Chen Y, Huang X, Rosso KM, Kappler A, Mansor M, Tratnyek PG, Zhang H. Fe(II) Redox Chemistry in the Environment. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8161-8233. [PMID: 34143612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays important roles in both biological and chemical processes. The redox reactivity of various Fe(II) forms has gained increasing attention over recent decades in the areas of (bio) geochemistry, environmental chemistry and engineering, and material sciences. The goal of this paper is to review these recent advances and the current state of knowledge of Fe(II) redox chemistry in the environment. Specifically, this comprehensive review focuses on the redox reactivity of four types of Fe(II) species including aqueous Fe(II), Fe(II) complexed with ligands, minerals bearing structural Fe(II), and sorbed Fe(II) on mineral oxide surfaces. The formation pathways, factors governing the reactivity, insights into potential mechanisms, reactivity comparison, and characterization techniques are discussed with reference to the most recent breakthroughs in this field where possible. We also cover the roles of these Fe(II) species in environmental applications of zerovalent iron, microbial processes, biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients, and their abiotic oxidation related processes in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adele Jones
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yiling Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Muammar Mansor
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Yang R, Cai J, Yang H. Enhanced reactivity of zero-valent aluminum/O 2 by using Fe-bearing clays in 4-chlorophenol oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145661. [PMID: 33940749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent aluminum (ZVAl) is a promising reductant because of its relatively low redox potential, which can efficiently activate molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species. However, its long-term performance is limited by the intrinsic dense oxide layer and the passivation effect of the accumulative Al-(hydr)oxide on its surface during the reaction. In this study, four clay minerals with different compositions were mixed with ZVAl by ball milling to obtain four composites of ZVAl and clay (ZVAl-Clay), which were used to degrade a high concentration of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under ambient conditions. The oxidation efficiencies of different ZVAl-Clays were strongly relevant to Fe contained in the clay minerals. The Fe-free ZVAl-Clay presented poor oxidation performance, whereas the reaction efficiencies of those ZVAl composites with Fe-bearing clays exhibited varying degrees of improvement. In comparison with the original ZVAl, the highest oxidation rate increased by 23 times, the maximum increased OH production was approximately 8 times, and the corresponding mineralization efficiency improved by 38.7%. However, the levels of improved oxidation performance of various ZVAl-Clays were not positively correlated with their actual total Fe contents, and their degradation efficiencies might also be affected by other physical and/or chemical properties of different clays. The synergistic mechanism revealed by various characterizations was that electron transfer might occur from ZVAl to the structural Fe(III) of the clay through the basal plane or edge of clays triggered by ball milling. Thus, the partially produced Fe(II) on the clay surface promoted the Fenton-like reaction to decompose H2O2 into OH for efficient oxidation of 4-CP. In short, the ZVAl composites with Fe-bearing clays deserved further exploration as potential materials for efficient degradation of organic matters in wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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23
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Zhang S, Lv J, Han R, Wang Z, Christie P, Zhang S. Sustained production of superoxide radicals by manganese oxides under ambient dark conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117034. [PMID: 33756111 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) oxides are ubiquitous in the environment and have strong reactivity to induce the transformation of various contaminants. However, whether reactive oxygen species contribute to their surface reactivity remains unclear. Here, sustainable production of superoxide radicals (O2•-) by various MnO2 polymorphs in the dark was quantified and the mechanisms involved were explored. The results confirm that O2•- was produced through one-electron transfer from surface Mn(III) to adsorbed O2. In contrast, no H2O2 was detected due to its decomposition by Mn oxides to form O2•- and Mn(III), leading to the sustained production of O2•- on Mn oxide surfaces. In addition, the production of O2•- was found to make a clear contribution (4 - 28%) to the transformation of a series of halophenols by MnO2, suggesting that the O2•--mediated surface reaction is an important supplement to the direct electron-transfer mechanism in the reactivity of Mn oxides. These findings advance our understanding of the surface reactivity of Mn oxides and also reveal an important but hitherto unrecognized abiotic source of O2•- in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Ruixia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Christie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yin X, Hua H, Burns F, Fennell D, Dyer J, Landis R, Axe L. Identifying redox transition zones in the subsurface of a site with historical contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143105. [PMID: 33131844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive iron mineral coatings found throughout reduction-oxidation (redox) transition zones play an important role in contaminant transformation processes. This research focuses on demonstrating a process for effectively delineating redox transition zones at a site with historical contamination. An 18.3 meter core was collected, subsampled, and preserved under anoxic conditions to maintain its original redox status. To ensure a high vertical resolution, sampling increments of 5.08 cm in length were analyzed for elemental concentrations with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), sediment pH, sediment oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), total volatile organic carbon (TVOC) concentration in the sample headspace, and abundant bacteria (16S rRNA sequencing). Over the core's length, gradients observed ranged from 3.74 to 8.03 for sediment pH, -141.4 mV to +651.0 mV for sediment ORP, and from below detection to a maximum of 9.6 ppm TVOC concentration (as chlorobenzene) in the headspace. The Fe and S gradients correlated with the presence of Fe and S reducing bacteria. S concentrations peaked in the Upper Zone and Zone 1 where Desulfosporosinus was abundant, suggesting precipitation of iron sulfide minerals. In Zone 2, Fe concentrations decreased where Geobacter was abundant, potentially resulting in Fe reduction, dissolution, and precipitation of minerals with increased solubility compared to the Fe(III) minerals. Using complementary geochemical and microbial data, five redox transition zones were delineated in the core collected. This research demonstrates a systematic approach to characterizing redox transition zones in a contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07032, USA.
| | - Han Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07032, USA
| | | | - Donna Fennell
- Rutgers University, Department of Environmental Sciences, 14 College Farm Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - James Dyer
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | | | - Lisa Axe
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07032, USA.
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25
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Merino C, Kuzyakov Y, Godoy K, Jofré I, Nájera F, Matus F. Iron-reducing bacteria decompose lignin by electron transfer from soil organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143194. [PMID: 33183799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) are crucial for electron transfer in anaerobic soil microsites. The utilization of the energy gathered by this mechanism by decomposers of organic matter is a challenging and fascinating issue. We hypothesized that bacteria reducing Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides to soluble Fe(II) obtain electrons from reduced soil organic matter (SOMr) involving lignin oxidation. Iron-reducing bacteria were isolated from topsoils of various climates (humid temperate, cold temperate, subpolar), vegetation types (mostly grasslands and forests), and derived from various parent materials treatments assigned as Granitic, Volcanic-allophanic, Fluvio-glacial, Basaltic-Antarctic and Metamorphic. After the screening of IRB by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and PCR identification (full-length 16S rDNA), the IRB were inoculated to 20 samples (five soils and 4 replicates) and a broad range of parallel processes were traced. Geobacter metallireducens and Geobacter lovleyi were the main Geobacteraceae-strains present in all soils and strongly increased the activity of ligninolytic enzymes: lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. Carbon dioxide (CO2) released from IRB-inoculated soils was 140% higher than that produced by Fenton reactions (induced by H2O2 and Fe(II) addition) but 40% lower than in non-sterile soils. CO2 release was closely correlated with the produced Fe (II) and H2O2 consumption. The highest CO2 was released from Basaltic-Antarctic soils with the highest Fe content and was closely correlated with lignin depolymerization (detection by fluorescence images). All IRB oxidized the lignin contained in the SOM within a wide pH range and in soils from all parent materials. We present a conceptual model showing electron shuttling from SOM containing lignin (as a C and energy source) to IRB to produce energy and promote Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides reduction was proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Merino
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Temuco, Chile; Laboratory of Conservation and Dynamics of Volcanic Soils, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environmental Research, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Network for Extreme Environmental Research, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgen Institute, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; RUDN, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina Godoy
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Temuco, Chile
| | - Ignacio Jofré
- Laboratory of Conservation and Dynamics of Volcanic Soils, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco Nájera
- PhD Program in Science of Natural Resource Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | - Francisco Matus
- Laboratory of Conservation and Dynamics of Volcanic Soils, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environmental Research, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Van Groeningen N, Christl I, Kretzschmar R. The Effect of Aeration on Mn(II) Sorbed to Clay Minerals and Its Impact on Cd Retention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1650-1658. [PMID: 33444011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a redox-sensitive element in soils and sediments that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements. Under anoxic conditions, clay minerals were shown to increase Cd retention by favoring the precipitation of Mn(II) phases. In this study, we investigated the influence of aeration on anoxically formed Mn solid phases and its impact on Cd retention in the presence of two clay minerals with low Fe contents, a natural kaolinite (KGa-1b) and a synthetic montmorillonite (Syn-1). Ca-saturated KGa-1b and Syn-1 were pre-equilibrated with Mn2+ and Cd2+ under anoxic conditions for 1 or 30 days and subsequently exposed to air for 1 or 30 days. The analysis with synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that extended anoxic pre-equilibration (30 days) partially prevented the oxidation of sorbed Mn(II) (MnSiO3 and Mn(II)Al-LDH). Extended exposure to ambient air and short anoxic pre-equilibration favored the formation of feitknechtite (β-MnOOH) and birnessite (δ-MnO2). Aeration resulted in a decrease of pH and a net release of Cd2+ into the solution, indicating that Cd re-sorption by Mn(III/IV)-phases was insufficient to compensate for the release of Cd2+ due to dissolution of Mn(II)-containing phases and the decrease in pH. Our results demonstrate the significance of clay minerals in the (trans)formation of Mn-containing phases and their impact on trace metal retention in environments undergoing fluctuating redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Van Groeningen
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iso Christl
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Kretzschmar
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Abstract
Aluminosilicate clay minerals are often a major component of soils and sediments and many of these clays contain structural Fe (e.g., smectites and illites). Structural Fe(III) in smectite clays is redox active and can be reduced to Fe(II) by biotic and abiotic processes. Fe(II)-bearing minerals such as magnetite and green rust can reduce Hg(II) to Hg(0); however, the ability of other environmentally relevant Fe(II) phases, such as structural Fe(II) in smectite clays, to reduce Hg(II) is largely undetermined. We conducted experiments examining the potential for reduction of Hg(II) by smectite clay minerals containing 0–25 wt% Fe. Fe(III) in the clays (SYn-1 synthetic mica-montmorillonite, SWy-2 montmorillonite, NAu-1 and NAu-2 nontronite, and a nontronite from Cheney, Washington (CWN)) was reduced to Fe(II) using the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method. Experiments were initiated by adding 500 µM Hg(II) to reduced clay suspensions (4 g clay L−1) buffered at pH 7.2 in 20 mM 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS). The potential for Hg(II) reduction in the presence of chloride (0–10 mM) and at pH 5–9 was examined in the presence of reduced NAu-1. Analysis of the samples by Hg LIII-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy indicated little to no reduction of Hg(II) by SYn-1 (0% Fe), while reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) was observed in the presence of reduced SWy-2, NAu-1, NAu-2, and CWN (2.8–24.8% Fe). Hg(II) was reduced to Hg(0) by NAu-1 at all pH and chloride concentrations examined. These results suggest that Fe(II)-bearing smectite clays may contribute to Hg(II) reduction in suboxic/anoxic soils and sediments.
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28
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Chen G, Hofstetter TB, Gorski CA. Role of Carbonate in Thermodynamic Relationships Describing Pollutant Reduction Kinetics by Iron Oxide-Bound Fe 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10109-10117. [PMID: 32667790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of environmental pollutants by Fe2+ bound to iron oxides is an important process that determines pollutant toxicities and mobilities. Recently, we showed that pollutant reduction rates depend on the thermodynamic driving force of the reaction in a linear free energy relationship that was a function of the solution pH value and the reduction potential, EH, of the interfacial Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple. In this work, we studied how carbonate affected the free energy relationship by examining the effect that carbonate has on nitrobenzene reduction rates by Fe2+ bound to goethite (α-FeOOH). Carbonate slowed nitrobenzene reduction rates by inducing goethite particle aggregation, as evidenced by surface charge and particle size measurements. We observed no evidence for carbonate affecting Fe3+/Fe2+ reduction potentials or the mechanism of nitrobenzene reduction. The linear free energy relationship accurately described the data collected in the presence of carbonate when we accounted for the effect it had on the reactive surface area of goethite. The findings from this work provide a framework for determining why common groundwater constituents affect the EH-dependence of reaction rates involving oxide-bound Fe2+ as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongde Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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29
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Van Groeningen N, ThomasArrigo LK, Byrne JM, Kappler A, Christl I, Kretzschmar R. Interactions of ferrous iron with clay mineral surfaces during sorption and subsequent oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1355-1367. [PMID: 32374339 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In submerged soils and sediments, clay minerals are often exposed to anoxic waters containing ferrous iron (Fe2+). Here, we investigated the sorption of Fe2+ onto a synthetic montmorillonite (Syn-1) low in structural Fe (<0.05 mmol Fe per kg) under anoxic conditions and the effects of subsequent oxidation. Samples were prepared at two Fe-loadings (0.05 and 0.5 mol Fe added per kg clay) and equilibrated for 1 and 30 days under anoxic conditions (O2 < 0.1 ppm), followed by exposure to ambient air. Iron solid-phase speciation and mineral identity was analysed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Mössbauer analyses showed that Fe(ii) was partially oxidized (14-100% of total added Fe2+) upon sorption to Syn-1 under anoxic conditions. XAS results revealed that the added Fe2+ mainly formed precipitates (layered Fe minerals, Fe(iii)-bearing clay minerals, ferrihydrite, and lepidocrocite) in different quantities depending on the Fe-loading. Exposing the suspensions to ambient air resulted in rapid and complete oxidation of sorbed Fe(ii) and the formation of Fe(iii)-phases (Fe(iii)-bearing clay minerals, ferrihydrite, and lepidocrocite), demonstrating that the clay minerals were unable to protect ferrous Fe from oxidation, even when equilibrated 30 days under anoxic conditions prior to oxidation. Our findings clarify the role of clay minerals in the formation and stability of Fe-bearing solid phases during redox cycles in periodically anoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Van Groeningen
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Laurel K ThomasArrigo
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - James M Byrne
- Geomicrobiology Group, Centre for Applied Geosciences (ZAG), University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology Group, Centre for Applied Geosciences (ZAG), University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iso Christl
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ruben Kretzschmar
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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30
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Chen N, Fang G, Zhu C, Wu S, Liu G, Dionysiou DD, Wang X, Gao J, Zhou D. Surface-bound radical control rapid organic contaminant degradation through peroxymonosulfate activation by reduced Fe-bearing smectite clays. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121819. [PMID: 31848100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneously activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) have received increasing attention in contaminated water remediation. However, PMS activation by reduced clay minerals (e.g., reduced Fe-bearing smectite clays) has rarely been explored. Herein, PMS decomposition by reduced Fe-bearing smectite clays was investigated, and the hydroxyl radical (OH) and sulfate radical (SO4-) formation mechanisms were elucidated. Reduced nontronite NAu-2 (R-NAu-2) activated PMS efficiently to induce rapid degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) within 30 s. Mössbauer spectroscopy, FTIR and XPS analyses substantiated that distorted trans-coordinated Fe(II)Fe(II)Fe(II)OH entities were mainly responsible for rapid electron transfer to regenerate clay surface Fe(II) for PMS activation. Chemical probe, radical quenching, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results confirmed that OH and SO4- were mainly bound to the clay surface rather than in bulk solution, which resulted in the rapid degradation of organic compounds such as DEP, sulfamethoxazole, phenol, chlortetracycline and benzoic acid. Anions such as Cl- and NO3- had a limited effect on DEP degradation, while HCO3- inhibited the DEP degradation due to the increase of reaction pH. This study provides a new PMS activation strategy using reduced Fe-bearing smectite clays that will contribute to rapid degradation of organic contaminants using PMS-based AOTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0071, United States
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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31
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Sun Z, Huang M, Liu C, Fang G, Chen N, Zhou D, Gao J. The formation of •OH with Fe-bearing smectite clays and low-molecular-weight thiols: Implication of As(III) removal. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115631. [PMID: 32114017 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWTs) are widely occurring in waters and soils, which can act as electron shuttles in biogeochemical cycles. It is interesting to study the interactions between LMWTs and clay minerals, which would produce free radicals on clay surfaces and influence As(III) transformation. Batch experiments and spectroscopic analysis in combined with computational modeling were conducted with three Fe-bearing clay minerals (Na-NAu-1, Na-NAu-2 and Na-SAz-2) and four LMWTs (l-cysteine, cysteamine, homocysteine, and glutathione) to investigate the reaction mechanisms of LMWTs with Fe-bearing clay minerals and influences of clay types and LMWT structures on the interactions. The results showed that Fe-bearing clay minerals can improve 2.4-3.7 times of •OH formation in 96-h LMWTs oxidation. Quenching experiments confirmed surface-Fenton-like reactions were the main pathways of •OH formation in the presence of Fe-bearing smectite clay minerals. The most possible hypothesis is that structural Fe (III) can accept electrons from LMWTs through proton-coupled transfer from -SH functional group, which was supported by FTIR, XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopies. The results of DFT calculations suggested that clay surfaces could accelerate RS• formation and stabilize the radicals. The addition of Na-NAu-2 in the cystein solution could increase As(III) oxidation to As(V) from 16.3% to 42.0%. The results imply that in-situ •OH formation in the presence of LMWTs and smectite clays may be an important geochemical process for the transformation of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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32
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Sugiura Y, Tomura T, Ishidera T, Doi R, Francisco PCM, Shiwaku H, Kobayashi T, Matsumura D, Takahashi Y, Tachi Y. Sorption behavior of selenide on montmorillonite. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Entwistle J, Latta DE, Scherer MM, Neumann A. Abiotic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents by Clay Minerals and Fe(II): Evidence for Reactive Mineral Intermediates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14308-14318. [PMID: 31802666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For decades, there has been evidence that Fe-containing minerals might contribute to abiotic degradation of chlorinated ethene (CE) plumes. Here, we evaluated whether Fe(II) in clay minerals reduces tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). We found that structural Fe(II) in both low (SWy-2) and high (NAu-1) Fe clay minerals did not reduce PCE or TCE under anoxic conditions. There was also no reduction of PCE or TCE after adding 5 mM dissolved Fe(II) to the clay mineral suspensions. In the presence of high Fe(II) concentrations (20 mM), however, PCE and TCE reduction products were observed in the presence of low Fe-content clay mineral SWy-2. Mössbauer spectroscopy results indicate that a mixed-valent Fe(II)-Fe(III) precipitate formed in the reactive SWy-2 suspensions. In contrast, in suspensions containing 20 mM Fe(II) alone or Fe-free clay mineral (Syn-1), we observed a purely Fe(II)-containing precipitate (Fe(OH)2) and also PCE and TCE reduction products. Interestingly, the amount of CE products decreased in the order of Fe-free clay mineral Syn-1 > Fe(OH)2 > low Fe-content clay mineral SWy-2, suggesting that clay mineral Fe controlled the formation of the reactive mineral phase. Additional experiments with hexachloroethane (HCA) revealed that faster HCA reduction occurred with decreasing clay mineral Fe content. Kinetic modeling yielded invariable second-order rate constants and increasing concentrations of reactive Fe(II) as the Fe(II)/Fe(total) content of the precipitates increased. Our data suggest that clay mineral Fe(III) is a sink for electrons from added Fe(II) that otherwise might have reduced the CEs. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that active precipitation of Fe(II)-containing reactive mineral intermediates (RMI) may be important to CE reduction and suggest that RMI formation depends on clay mineral presence and Fe content.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Entwistle
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Drew E Latta
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Michelle M Scherer
- Civil and Environmental Engineering , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Anke Neumann
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , U.K
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Liu T, Yuan J, Zhang B, Liu W, Lin L, Meng Y, Yin S, Liu C, Luan F. Removal and Recovery of Uranium from Groundwater Using Direct Electrochemical Reduction Method: Performance and Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14612-14619. [PMID: 31738519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Removal of uranium from groundwater is of great significance as compared to in situ bioimmobilization technology. In this study, a novel direct electro-reductive method has been developed to efficiently remove and recover uranium from carbonate-containing groundwater, where U(VI)O2(CO3)34- and Ca2U(VI)O2(CO3)3 are the dominant U species. The transferred electron calculations and XPS, XRD analyses confirmed that U(VI) was reduced to U(IV)O2 and accumulated on the surface of the Ti electrode (defined as Ti@U(IV)O2 electrode) with high current efficiencies (over 90.0%). Moreover, over 98.0% of the accumulated U(IV)O2 could be recovered by soaking the Ti@U(IV)O2 electrode in the dilute nitric acid. Results demonstrated that the accumulated U(IV)O2 on the surface of the Ti electrode played a key role in the removal of U(VI), which can promote the electro-reduction of U(VI). Therefore, the electrode could be used repeatedly and has a high removal capacity of U(VI) due to the continuous accumulation of active U(IV)O2 on the surface of the electrode. Significantly, the uranium in both real and high salinity groundwater can be efficiently removed. This study implies that the proposed direct electro-reductive method has great potential for the removal and recovery of uranium from groundwater and uranium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Jili Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Leiming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Shuangfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Fubo Luan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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Subdiaga E, Orsetti S, Haderlein SB. Effects of Sorption on Redox Properties of Natural Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14319-14328. [PMID: 31742392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is an important redox-active component of natural porous media and predominantly occurs in the sorbed state. Nevertheless, the effects of NOM sorption at minerals on its redox properties are unknown and thus are the major objective of this study. We report how adsorption of three different humic acids (HAs) to redox-inert sorbents (polar Al2O3 and nonpolar DAX-8 resin) affects their electron-exchange capacities (EEC) and redox states. The electron-donating capacity of HAs sorbed at Al2O3 increased by up to 200%, whereas the EEC of the remaining dissolved HA fractions decreased compared with their initial properties. Sorption at DAX-8, however, did not affect significantly the EEC of HAs. We rationalize these results by (i) preferential sorption of NOM components rich in redox-active groups (e.g., quinone, polyphenols) and (ii) surface-catalyzed polymerization of polyphenolic compounds. Our results demonstrate that even in the absence of electron exchange with the sorbent, adsorption to polar mineral surfaces considerably affects the redox properties of NOM. Quantification of the redox state and EEC of adsorbed NOM is thus crucial for assessing electron-transfer processes as well as organic carbon stabilization and sequestration in soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edisson Subdiaga
- Center for Applied Geosciences , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12 , D-72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Silvia Orsetti
- Center for Applied Geosciences , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12 , D-72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geosciences , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12 , D-72074 Tübingen , Germany
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Chen N, Huang M, Liu C, Fang G, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Gao J, Gu C. Transformation of tetracyclines induced by Fe(III)-bearing smectite clays under anoxic dark conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114997. [PMID: 31470282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smectite clays are widely found in subsurface soils and waters. Although they strongly sequester tetracyclines (TCs), little is known about their reactions with these antibiotics under dark anoxic conditions. This study investigated the interactions between TCs and Fe-bearing smectite clays and the influences of environmental factors. Fe-bearing smectite clays were shown to significantly induce the transformation of TCs, including tautomerization, dechlorination, and dehydration. Moreover, the adsorbed TCs reduced the structural Fe(III) in clay particles to structural Fe(II) through electron transfer. The transformation of TCs was more readily induced by smectite clays with a higher rather than a lower Fe content. Tetrahedral Fe(III), and distorted cis- or trans-octahedral Fe(III), were more reactive as an electron acceptor than cis-octahedral Fe(III), as observed on the Mössbauer and FTIR spectra. A lower pH facilitated the adsorption of TCs through dimethyl-amino, amide, and conjugated -OH functional groups and induced a higher rate of TCs transformation. The transformation of chlortetracycline (CTC) was faster than that of oxytetracycline or tetracycline (TTC) due to -Cl substitution. The major transformation CTC products included keto-CTC, epi-CTC, iso-CTC, anhydro-CTC and TTC. Mixtures of these transformed products were found to have a higher acute toxicity than their parent compounds to Photobacterium phosphoreum T3. Our study revealed several previously overlooked interactions between TCs and clay particles that could cause these antibiotics to become unstable in the subsurface environment, with negative effects on the soil-borne microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China.
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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Wang Y, Liu C, Peng A, Gu C. Fomration of hydroxylated polychlorinated diphenyl ethers mediated by Structural Fe(III) in smectites. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:94-102. [PMID: 30921641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III)-bearing clay minerals are ubiquitous in the environment. However, the fate of organic contaminants mediated by structural Fe(III) in clays was rarely reported. Here we demonstrated that hydroxylated polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (HO-PCDEs) could be spontaneously formed from the reaction of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) with three native smectites: SWy-2, NAu-1, and NAu-2. Further research demonstrated that the structural Fe(III) in smectite is indispensable for the mediation of 2,4,6-TCP to produce chlorophenoxy radical for the subsequent dimerization. The reaction is highly dependent on the relative humidity of the system and the site occupancy of structural Fe(III). Active structural Fe(III) in NAu-2 that played a significant role in the dimerization reaction is relatively more distorted, which would interact strongly with 2,4,6-TCP under low humidity and be inhibited by water molecules. Hence reaction on NAu-2 is suppressed as relative humidity increases. Whereas, water molecules would reduce the activation and reaction energies via forming a hydrogen bond with reaction intermediates, thus enhancing the reactions on SWy-2 and NAu-1 with less water sensitive structural Fe(III). Considering the wide distribution of Fe(III)-bearing smectites in the environment, the contribution of structural Fe(III) for the formation of more toxic dioxin-like compounds from chlorophenols might need to be taken into consideration to evaluate their potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Anping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Wang Y, Peng A, Chen Z, Jin X, Gu C. Transformation of gaseous 2-bromophenol on clay mineral dust and the potential health effect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:686-694. [PMID: 31035151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-bearing clays are ubiquitously distributed as mineral dusts in the atmosphere. Bromophenols were reported as the major products from thermal decomposition of the widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs). However, little information is available for the reactivity of iron associated with mineral dusts to interact with the atmospheric bromophenols and the subsequent toxic effects. Herein, three common clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite) were used to simulate mineral dusts, and the reactions with gaseous 2-bromophenol were systematically investigated under environmentally relevant atmospheric conditions. Our results demonstrate that structural Fe(III) in montmorillonite and Fe(III) from iron oxide in illite mediated the dimerization of 2-bromophenol to form hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether. The surface reaction is favored to occur at moisture environment, since water molecules formed complex with 2-bromophenol and the reaction intermediates via hydrogen bond to significantly lower the reaction energy and promote the dimerization reaction. More importantly, the formed dioxin-like products on clay mineral dust increased the toxicity of the particles to A549 lung cell by decreasing cell survival and damaging cellular membrane and proteins. The results of this study indicate that not only mineral dust itself but also the associated surface reaction should be fully considered to accurately evaluate the toxic effect of mineral dust on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Anping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
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Kéri A, Dähn R, Krack M, Churakov SV. Characterization of Structural Iron in Smectites - An Ab Initio Based X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6877-6886. [PMID: 31120750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fe-bearing clay minerals are abundant in argillaceous rocks as their redox-active structural iron may control the sorption mechanism of redox sensitive elements on the surface of clay minerals. The extent and efficiency of the redox reactions depend on the oxidation state (Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio) and structural distribution of the substituting cations in the TOT-layer of clay minerals. Even smectites with similar structure originating from different locations might have a distinct arrangement of isomorphic substitutions (e.g., individual iron or Fe-Fe pairs). In this study, the proportion of different iron distribution in Milos-, Wyoming-, and Texas-montmorillonite was determined by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with ab initio calculations. The relaxed atomic structures of the smectite models with different arrangement of individual Fe atoms and Fe-Fe/Fe-Mg clusters served as the basis for the calculations of the XAS spectra. The combination of simulation results and measured Fe K-edge XAS spectra of Wyoming-, Milos- and Texas-montmorillonites suggested that iron is present as Fe3+ in the octahedral sheet. Fe3+ in Texas-montmorillonite has a tendency to form clusters, while no definitive statement about clustering or avoidance of Fe-Fe and Fe-Mg pairs can be made for Milos- and Wyoming-montmorillonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Kéri
- Laboratory for Waste Management , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Geological Sciences , University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Rainer Dähn
- Laboratory for Waste Management , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Krack
- Laboratory for Scientific Computing and Modelling , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sergey V Churakov
- Laboratory for Waste Management , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Geological Sciences , University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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Xin D, Xian M, Chiu PC. New methods for assessing electron storage capacity and redox reversibility of biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:827-834. [PMID: 30359952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon such as biochar has been shown to support microbial redox transformation by accepting and/or donating electrons. Electron storage capacity (ESC) is an important property that determines the capacity of a biochar to mediate redox processes in natural and engineered systems. However, it remained unclear whether a biochar's ESC is constant and reversible and if so to what extent, over what redox potential range ESC is distributed, and what fraction of the ESC is microbially accessible. In this study, we developed chemical methods that employed combinations of reductants and oxidants of different potentials - Ti(III) citrate, ferricyanide, dithionite, and dissolved O2 - to measure the ESC of Soil Reef biochar, a wood-derived biochar that can serve as an electron donor or acceptor for Geobacter metallireducens. For a given oxidant-reductant pair, the ESC obtained over multiple redox cycles was constant and fully reversible, though lower than that of the virgin biochar. Pore diffusion within biochar particles was rate-limiting and controlled the timescale for redox equilibrium. Results suggest that redox-facile functional groups in biochar were distributed over a broad range of potentials. The ESC measured using dithionite indicates approximately 22% of the biochar's reversible ESC was accessible to G. metallireducens. We propose that reversible ESC may be regarded as a constant and quantifiable property of black carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Xin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Minghan Xian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Pei C Chiu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is produced in soils from oxidation of reduced iron (Fe(II)) by dissolved oxygen (O2) and can oxidize dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to carbon dioxide (CO2). Understanding the role of •OH on CO2 production in soils requires knowing whether Fe(II) production or O2 supply to soils limits •OH production. To test the relative importance of Fe(II) production versus O2 supply, we measured changes in Fe(II) and O2 and in situ •OH production during simulated precipitation events and during common, waterlogged conditions in mesocosms from two landscape ages and the two dominant vegetation types of the Arctic. The balance of Fe(II) production and consumption controlled •OH production during precipitation events that supplied O2 to the soils. During static, waterlogged conditions, •OH production was controlled by O2 supply because Fe(II) production was higher than its consumption (oxidation) by O2. An average precipitation event (4 mm) resulted in 200 µmol •OH m−2 per day produced compared to 60 µmol •OH m−2 per day produced during waterlogged conditions. These findings suggest that the oxidation of DOC to CO2 by •OH in arctic soils, a process potentially as important as microbial respiration of DOC in arctic surface waters, will depend on the patterns and amounts of rainfall that oxygenate the soil.
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Cao L, Ok YS, Cao X. Characterization and quantification of electron donating capacity and its structure dependence in biochar derived from three waste biomasses. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1073-1081. [PMID: 30223322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has shown a unique electrochemical property being involved in various redox reactions in soil and water. In this study, the electron donating capacities (EDCs) of biochar pyrolyzed at 200-800 °C from pine wood, barley grass and wheat straw were investigated by using the mediated electrochemical oxidation method. The EDC values for all biochar were in the range of 0.18-1.83 mmol e- (g biochar)-1, showing the increase as the temperature increased from 200 °C to 400 °C, the decrease from 400 °C to 650 °C, and then increase from 650 °C until to 800 °C. At low and intermediate temperatures of 200-650 °C, the EDCs were mainly attributed to the phenolic hydroxyl groups, while the conjugated π-electron system associated with aromatic structure dominated the EDCs of biochar at the high temperatures of over 650 °C. The barley grass- and wheat straw-derived biochar had higher EDCs than the pine wood-derived biochar, resulting from the higher phenolic hydroxyl groups in the former samples than the latter one. In conclusion, the reductive property of biochar was mainly attributed to both phenolic hydroxy group and conjugated π-electron system associated with aromatic structure, depending on the pyrolytic temperature and feedstock source. The results will help us to obtain a complete view on the role of biochar in biogeochemical redox reactions and consider developing biochar with controlled redox properties for specific environmental applications such as electron shuttle and catalyst material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingzhi Cao
- School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Divison of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Oxidant Generation Resulting from the Interaction of Copper with Menadione (Vitamin K3)–a Model for Metal-mediated Oxidant Generation in Living Systems. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 188:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ma B, Fernandez-Martinez A, Madé B, Findling N, Markelova E, Salas-Colera E, Maffeis TGG, Lewis AR, Tisserand D, Bureau S, Charlet L. XANES-Based Determination of Redox Potentials Imposed by Steel Corrosion Products in Cement-Based Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11931-11940. [PMID: 30211548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The redox potential (Eh) in a cementitious nuclear waste repository is critical to the retardation behavior of redox-sensitive radionuclides (RNs), and largely controlled by embedded steel corrosion but hard to be determined experimentally. Here, we propose an innovative Eh determination method based on chemical/spectroscopic measurements. Oxidized nuclides (UVI, SeIV, MoVI, and SbV) were employed as species probes to detect the Eh values imposed by steel (Fe0) and steel corrosion products (magnetite/hematite, and magnetite/goethite couples) in cement pore water. Nuclides showed good sorption affinity, especially toward Fe0, in decreasing Kd order for U > Sb > Se > Mo under both N2 and H2 atmospheres. The reduced nuclide species were identified as UO2, U4O9, FeSe, FeSe2, Se0, Sb0, and Sb2O3, but no redox transformation occurred for Mo. Eh values were obtained by using the Nernst equation. Remarkably, their values fell in a small range centered around -456 mV at pH ∼ 13.5 for both Fe0 and Fe-oxyhydroxides couples. This Eh value appears to be controlled by the nanocrystalline Fe(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 or (Fe1- x,Ca x)(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 couple, whose presence was confirmed by pair distribution function analyses. This approach could pave the way for describing the Eh gradient in reinforced concrete where traditional Eh measurements are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Benoît Madé
- Andra, Research and Development Division, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet , Châtenay-Malabry 92298 , France
| | - Nathaniel Findling
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Ekaterina Markelova
- Amphos21 Consulting S.L., Passeig de Garcia Fària, 49 , 08019 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eduardo Salas-Colera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 , 28049 , Cantoblanco Madrid , Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25 SpLine Beamline at the ESRF, 71 Avenue de Martyrs , F-38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Thierry G G Maffeis
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering , Swansea University , Fabian Way , Swansea SA1 8EN , U.K
| | - Aled R Lewis
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering , Swansea University , Fabian Way , Swansea SA1 8EN , U.K
| | - Delphine Tisserand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sarah Bureau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Laurent Charlet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
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45
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Chen N, Fang G, Liu G, Zhou D, Gao J, Gu C. The effects of Fe-bearing smectite clays on OH formation and diethyl phthalate degradation with polyphenols and H 2O 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:483-490. [PMID: 29936346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) is important for the attenuation of organic contaminants. In this study, seven model polyphenols were selected to react with four types of smectite clays with varied Fe contents in the presence of H2O2. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was selected as a model organic contaminant due to its wide distribution in environment. The results show the appearance of Fe-bearing smectite clays can significantly promote ·OH formation with polyphenols and H2O2 under anoxic conditions; clay particle size, the content and location of lattice Fe in smectite clays greatly affect OH formation. Hydrogen bond between phenolic group and smectite surfaces, and cation assisted hydrogen bond between carboxylic group and clay surfaces are important types of complexation. Electrons can be transferred from coordinated polyphenols to structural Fe(III) atoms in tetrahedral layers or at broken edges to form structural Fe(II) and/or semiquinone radicals, both of which can induce H2O2 decomposition to OH. DEP can be degraded by OH attack, and the main products are proposed as phthalic acid, monomethyl phthalate, hydroxyl-diethyl phthalates. Our findings suggest that Fe(III)-bearing smectite clay can be reduced by polyphenol and produce OH in anoxic environments, which can induce organic contaminants transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China.
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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46
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Aeppli M, Voegelin A, Gorski CA, Hofstetter TB, Sander M. Mediated Electrochemical Reduction of Iron (Oxyhydr-)Oxides under Defined Thermodynamic Boundary Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:560-570. [PMID: 29200267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron (oxyhydr-)oxide reduction has been extensively studied because of its importance in pollutant redox dynamics and biogeochemical processes. Yet, experimental studies linking oxide reduction kinetics to thermodynamics remain scarce. Here, we used mediated electrochemical reduction (MER) to directly quantify the extents and rates of ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite reduction over a range of negative reaction free energies, ΔrG, that were obtained by systematically varying pH (5.0 to 8.0), applied reduction potentials (-0.53 to -0.17 V vs SHE), and Fe2+ concentrations (up to 40 μM). Ferrihydrite reduction was complete and fast at all tested ΔrG values, consistent with its comparatively low thermodynamic stability. Reduction of the thermodynamically more stable goethite and hematite changed from complete and fast to incomplete and slow as ΔrG values became less negative. Reductions at intermediate ΔrG values showed negative linear correlations between the natural logarithm of the reduction rate constants and ΔrG. These correlations imply that thermodynamics controlled goethite and hematite reduction rates. Beyond allowing to study iron oxide reduction under defined thermodynamic conditions, MER can also be used to capture changes in iron oxide reducibility during phase transformations, as shown for Fe2+-facilitated transformation of ferrihydrite to goethite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Aeppli
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Voegelin
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Chemtob SM, Nickerson RD, Morris RV, Agresti DG, Catalano JG. Oxidative alteration of ferrous smectites and implications for the redox evolution of early Mars. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2017; 122:2469-2488. [PMID: 32802700 PMCID: PMC7427814 DOI: 10.1002/2017je005331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface conditions on early Mars were likely anoxic, similar to early Earth, but the timing of the evolution to oxic conditions characteristic of contemporary Mars is unresolved. Ferrous trioctahedral smectites are the thermodynamically predicted products of anoxic basalt weathering, but orbital analyses of Noachian-aged terrains find primarily Fe3+-bearing clay minerals. Rover-based detection of Fe2+-bearing trioctahedral smectites at Gale Crater suggest that ferrous smectites are the unoxidized progenitors of orbitally-detected ferric smectites. To assess this pathway, we conducted ambient-temperature oxidative alteration experiments on four synthetic ferrous smectites having molar Fe/(Mg+Fe) from 1.00 to 0.33. Smectite suspension in air-saturated solutions produced incomplete oxidation (24-38% Fe3+/ΣFe). Additional smectite oxidation occurred upon re-exposure to air-saturated solutions after anoxic hydrothermal recrystallization, which accelerated cation and charge redistribution in the octahedral sheet. Oxidation was accompanied by contraction of the octahedral sheet (d(060) decreased from 1.53-1.56 Å to 1.52 Å), consistent with a shift towards dioctahedral structure. Ferrous smectite oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions resulted in nearly complete Fe2+ oxidation but also led to partial Fe3+ ejection from the structure, producing nanoparticulate hematite. Reflectance spectra of oxidized smectites were characterized by (Fe3+,Mg)2-OH bands at 2.28-2.30 μm, consistent with oxidative formation of dioctahedral nontronite. Accordingly, ferrous smectites are plausible precursors to observed ferric smectites on Mars, and their presence in late-Noachian sedimentary units suggests that anoxic conditions may have persisted on Mars beyond the Noachian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Chemtob
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, U.S.A
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
| | - Ryan D Nickerson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
| | | | - David G Agresti
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey G Catalano
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A
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48
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Jones AM, Murphy CA, Waite TD, Collins RN. Fe(II) Interactions with Smectites: Temporal Changes in Redox Reactivity and the Formation of Green Rust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12573-12582. [PMID: 28976182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, temporal changes in the redox properties of three 0.5 g/L smectite suspensions were investigated-a montmorillonite (MAu-1) and two nontronites (NAu-1 and NAu-2) in the presence of 1 mM aqueous Fe(II) at pH 7.8. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the amount of Fe(II) added quantitatively transformed into chloride-green rust (Cl-GR) within 5 min and persisted over 18 days. Over the same time, the reduction potential of all three suspensions increased by 50 to 150 mV to equilibrate at approximately -100 mV vs SHE. The reduction of a model organic contaminant, 4-chloronitrobenzene (4-CINB), also became increasingly slower over time with virtually no 4-CINB reduction being observed after 18 days. There was a strong correlation between reduction potential and the quantity of 4-ClNB reduced by MAu-1, although other factors were likely involved in the decreased redox reactivity observed in the nontronites. It is hypothesized that the temporal increase in reduction potential results from clay mineral dissolution resulting in increased Fe(III) contents in the Cl-GR. These results demonstrate that long-term studies are recommended to accurately predict contaminant management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele M Jones
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cassandra A Murphy
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard N Collins
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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49
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Zhou S, Howard ES, Liu J, Bashian NH, Nolan K, Krishnamoorthy S, Rangel GM, Sougrati MT, Prakash GKS, Page K, Melot BC. Hydrothermal Preparation, Crystal Chemistry, and Redox Properties of Iron Muscovite Clay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34024-34032. [PMID: 28841290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of functional materials based on Earth-abundant, environmentally benign compositions is critical for ensuring their commercial viability and sustainable production. Here we present an investigation into the crystal chemistry and electrochemical properties of the muscovite clay KFe2.75Si3.25O10(OH)2. We first report a low-temperature hydrothermal reaction that allows for a significant degree of control over sample crystallinity, particle morphology, and cation distribution through the lattice. A complex sequence of stacking faults is identified and characterized using a combination of Mössbauer spectroscopy and total scattering neutron experiments. We then show the existence of a reversible electrochemical process using galvanostatic cycling with complementary cyclic voltammetry suggesting that the redox activity occurs primarily on the surface of the particles. We conclude by determining that the ability to (de)intercalate Li ions from the material is hindered by the strong negative charge on the transition metal silicate layers, which prevents the displacement of the interlayer K ions. This work calls attention to a hugely Earth-abundant family of minerals that possesses useful electrochemical properties that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Erica S Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nicholas H Bashian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kyle Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Geovanni M Rangel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Moulay-Tahar Sougrati
- Institut Charles Gerhardt-Laboratoire des Agrégats, Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, CNRS UMR 5253 , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute , 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - G K Surya Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Katharine Page
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Brent C Melot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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50
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Ilgen AG, Kruichak JN, Artyushkova K, Newville MG, Sun C. Redox Transformations of As and Se at the Surfaces of Natural and Synthetic Ferric Nontronites: Role of Structural and Adsorbed Fe(II). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11105-11114. [PMID: 28850224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and redox transformations on clay mineral surfaces are prevalent in surface environments. We examined the redox reactivity of iron Fe(II)/Fe(III) associated with natural and synthetic ferric nontronites. Specifically, we assessed how Fe(II) residing in the octahedral sheets, or Fe(II) adsorbed at the edge sites alters redox activity of nontronites. To probe the redox activity we used arsenic (As) and selenium (Se). Activation of both synthetic and natural ferric nontronites was observed following the introduction of Fe(II) into predominantly-Fe(III) octahedral sheets or through the adsorption of Fe(II) onto the mineral surface. The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was observed via catalytic (oxic conditions) and, to a lesser degree, via direct (anoxic conditions) pathways. We provide experimental evidence for electron transfer from As(III) to Fe(III) at the natural and synthetic nontronite surfaces, and illustrate that only a fraction of structural Fe(III) is accessible for redox transformations. We show that As adsorbed onto natural and synthetic nontronites forms identical adsorption complexes, namely inner-sphere binuclear bidentate. We show that the formation of an inner-sphere adsorption complex may be a necessary step for the redox transformation via catalytic or direct oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Ilgen
- Sandia National Laboratories , Geochemistry Department, 1515 Eubank Boulevard Southeast Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0754, United States
| | - Jessica N Kruichak
- Sandia National Laboratories , Geochemistry Department, 1515 Eubank Boulevard Southeast Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0754, United States
| | - Kateryna Artyushkova
- University of New Mexico , Advanced Materials Laboratory, 1001 University Boulevard Southeast, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Matt G Newville
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Building 435/E006, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chengjun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Building 435/E006, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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