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Song Y, Wang X, Lu X, Wang T. Exposure to microcystin-LR promotes the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer by inducing barrier disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116750. [PMID: 39053045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are secondary metabolites generated by cyanobacterial blooms, among which microcystin-LR (MC-LR) stands out as the most widely distributed variant in aquatic environments. However, the effects of MC-LR on the colorectum and its role in promoting colorectal tumor progression remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to scrutinize the impact of MC-LR on a mice model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer and elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we used AOM/DSS mice and orally administered MC-LR at doses of 40 µg/kg or 200 µg/kg. Exposure to MC-LR increased tumor burden, promoted tumor growth, shortened colon size, and decreased goblet cell numbers and tight junction protein levels in intestinal tissues. Additionally, exposure to MC-LR induced alterations in the structure of gut microbiota in the mouse colon, characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Escherichia_coli and Shigella_sonnei, and a decline in the relative abundance of Akkermansia_muciniphila. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MC-LR exposure activated the IL-17 signaling pathway in mouse colorectal tissues and participated in inflammation regulation and immune response. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated an increase in T-helper 17 (Th17) cell levels in mouse colorectal tumors following MC-LR exposure. The results from RT-qPCR revealed that MC-LR induced the upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5 and CCL20. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive approach to understanding the mechanisms by which MC-LR may contribute to CRC progression, offering new perspectives and valuable reference points for establishing guidance standards regarding MC-LR in drinking water. Our findings suggest that even at guideline value, MC-LR can have profound effects on susceptible mice, emphasizing the need for a reevaluation of guideline value and a deeper understanding of the role of environmental toxins in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechi Song
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Long S, Zhong Y, Liu J. Aurora-B: a novel biomarker in the invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Biomark Med 2024; 18:639-647. [PMID: 39069957 PMCID: PMC11370910 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2366160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary human malignant tumor that affects the bones, mostly arises in children and adolescents. Even though surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy has improved the survival rate up to 60%, the long-term positive effect for most patients with OS is not satisfactory. Hence, elucidating the specific mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OS is particularly important. Aurora-B, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a crucial role in centrosome regulation, spindle formation and chromosomal separation during mitosis. It has been found that Aurora-B overexpression is related to the occurrence and development of several malignant tumors, including OS. This article summarizes the role of Aurora-B in the invasion and metastasis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330100, China
| | - Yanxin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine & Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine & Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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Song Y, Wang X, Lu X, Wang T. Exposure to Microcystin-LR Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Altering Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolites in APC min/+ Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:212. [PMID: 38787064 PMCID: PMC11125743 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), toxins generated by cyanobacteria, feature microcystin-LR (MC-LR) as one of the most prevalent and toxic variants in aquatic environments. MC-LR not only causes environmental problems but also presents a substantial risk to human health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MC-LR on APCmin/+ mice, considered as an ideal animal model for intestinal tumors. We administered 40 µg/kg MC-LR to mice by gavage for 8 weeks, followed by histopathological examination, microbial diversity and metabolomics analysis. The mice exposed to MC-LR exhibited a significant promotion in colorectal cancer progression and impaired intestinal barrier function in the APCmin/+ mice compared with the control. Gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in the MC-LR-exposed mice, manifesting a notable alteration in the structure of the gut microbiota. This included the enrichment of Marvinbryantia, Gordonibacter and Family_XIII_AD3011_group and reductions in Faecalibaculum and Lachnoclostridium. Metabolomics analysis revealed increased bile acid (BA) metabolites in the intestinal contents of the mice exposed to MC-LR, particularly taurocholic acid (TCA), alpha-muricholic acid (α-MCA), 3-dehydrocholic acid (3-DHCA), 7-ketodeoxycholic acid (7-KDCA) and 12-ketodeoxycholic acid (12-KDCA). Moreover, we found that Marvinbryantia and Family_XIII_AD3011_group showed the strongest positive correlation with taurocholic acid (TCA) in the mice exposed to MC-LR. These findings provide new insights into the roles and mechanisms of MC-LR in susceptible populations, providing a basis for guiding values of MC-LR in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
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Zhang H, Chen D, Ji Q, Yang M, Ding R. miR-146a-5p Promotes the Inflammatory Response in PBMCs Induced by Microcystin-Leucine-Arginine. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1979-1993. [PMID: 37193070 PMCID: PMC10182803 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s403945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most abundant and most toxic variant of microcystin isomers. Various experiments have clearly shown that MC-LR has hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity, but there are relatively few studies on its immune damage effect. In addition, numerous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes. Do miRNAs also play a role in inflammatory response caused by microcystin exposure? This is the question to be answered in this study. Moreover, this study can also provides experimental evidence for the significance of miRNA applications. Objective To investigate the effect of MC-LR on the expressions of miR-146a and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to further explore the role of miR-146a in the inflammatory responses caused by MC-LR. Methods Serum samples from 1789 medical examiners were collected and detect the concentrations of MCs, and 30 serum samples with concentrations of MCs around P25, P50, and p75 were randomly selected for the detection of inflammatory factors. PBMCs from fresh peripheral blood extracted from these 90 medical examiners were subsequently tested for relative miR-146a expression. In vitro, the MC-LR were exposed to the PBMCs to detect the levels of inflammatory factors as well as the relative expression of miR-146a-5p. Then, a miRNA transfection assay was performed to verify the regulation of inflammatory factors by miR-146a-5p. Results In population samples, the expression of inflammatory factors and miR-146a-5p increased with increasing MCs concentration. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of inflammatory factors and miR-146a-5p in PBMCs increased with MC-LR exposure time or exposure dose too. In addition, inhibiting the expression of miR-146a-5p in PBMCs reduced inflammatory factor levels. Conclusion miR-146a-5p exerts a promoting effect on the MC-LR-induced inflammatory response by positively regulating inflammatory factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daojun Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Daojun Chen, Email
| | - Qianqian Ji
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang S, Wu W, Peng Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang R, Chen Z, Chu L, Zhang X, Bu Q, Jiang D, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang L. Chronic exposure to microcystin-leucine-arginine induces epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation in the mouse bladder. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114033. [PMID: 36075121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide compound produced by cyanobacteria with strong cytotoxicity. Previous studies have confirmed that MC-LR could exert toxic effects on the genitourinary system, but there are few reports about its toxicity to the bladder. In this study, we investigated the effects of MC-LR on mouse bladder and human bladder epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1 cells). We observed that the bladder weight and the number of bladder epithelial cells were markedly increased in mice following chronic low-dose exposure to MC-LR. Further investigation showed that MC-LR activates AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in bladder tissue was increased and the relative migration and invasion capacities of SV-HUC-1 cells were enhanced upon exposure to MC-LR. In conclusion, these results suggest that chronic exposure to MC-LR induced epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation, upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and promoted the migration and invasion of bladder epithelial cells, which provides a basis for further exploring the potential mechanism by which environmental factors increasing the risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoru Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Yi Peng
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenshi Chen
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Lei Chu
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Xiajun Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Qiang Bu
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Dongfang Jiang
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- The People's Hospital of Danyang & Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Pan C, Qin H, Jin H, Chen W, Guo H, Han X. Environmental exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risks of urinary bladder proliferation and carcinogenesis: Evidence from case control, animal, and in vitro studies. Toxicology 2022; 480:153326. [PMID: 36115647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, no reported studies have explored the impacts of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on bladder tissues, and even the occurrence of bladder cancer. The current study explores the role of MC-LR in the development of bladder cancer through human observation and experimental research. In the population study, the odds ratio of bladder cancer for MC-LR was 6.073 (95 % CI, 2.117-17.422) after adjusting interference confounders. MC-LR is mainly located in the nucleus of epithelial cells in bladder cancer tissues instead of normal tissues. A positive association was observed between MC-LR and advanced tumor stage in serum and tissues. The animal study confirmed that prolonged MC-LR treatment promoted the bladder cancer phenotype accompanied by urinary bladder proliferation. In vitro, we indicated that MC-LR activated the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 and JAK2/STAT3/Bcl2 signaling pathways to induce the growth of SV-HUC-1 cells. Moreover, MC-LR promoted the angiogenesis of SV-HUC-1 cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Our study provided the first evidence that prolonged MC-LR treatment increases the incidence of bladder cancer from human investigations, mice models, and in vitro studies, implying the profound importance of the investigation of MC-LR for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Pan C, Zhang L, Meng X, Qin H, Xiang Z, Gong W, Luo W, Li D, Han X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risk of prostate cancer and induces malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128295. [PMID: 33297237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) acts as a possible carcinogen for humans and causes a serious risk to public environmental health. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction between MC-LR exposure and prostate cancer development and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this study, mice were exposed to MC-LR at various doses for 180 days. MC-LR was able to induce the progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and microinvasion. Furthermore, MC-LR notably increased angiogenesis and susceptibility to prostate cancer in vivo. In vitro, over 25 weeks of MC-LR exposure, normal human prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and colony formation, features typical for cancer cells. These MC-LR-transformed prostate epithelial cells displayed increased expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); abrogation of FOXM1 or COX-2 activity by specific inhibitors could abolish the invasion and migration of MC-LR-treated cells. In conclusion, we have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the induction of a malignant phenotype in human prostate epithelial cells and the in vivo development of prostate cancer by exposure to MC-LR, which might be a potential tumor promoter in the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiannan Meng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haixiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyue Gong
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Kadiri MO, Isagba S, Ogbebor JU, Omoruyi OA, Unusiotame-Owolagba TE, Lorenzi AS, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC, Chia MA. The presence of microcystins in the coastal waters of Nigeria, from the Bights of Bonny and Benin, Gulf of Guinea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35284-35293. [PMID: 32592053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most studied toxins of cyanobacteria in freshwater bodies worldwide. However, they are poorly documented in coastal waters in several parts of the world. In this study, we investigated the composition of cyanobacteria and the presence of microcystins (MCs) in several coastal aquatic ecosystems of Nigeria. Direct morphological analysis revealed that members of the genus Oscillatoria were dominant with five species, followed by Trichodesmium with two species in Nigerian coastal waters. Oso Ibanilo had the highest cyanobacterial biomass (998 × 103 cells/L), followed by Rivers Ocean (156 × 103 cells/L). Except for the Cross River Ocean, cyanobacteria were present in all the investigated aquatic ecosystems. Ten (10) out of twenty water bodies examined had detectable levels of MCs. Furthermore, genomic DNA analysis for the mcyE gene of microcystin synthetase (mcy) cluster showed identities higher than 86% (query coverage > 96%) with toxic strains of cyanobacteria in all the samples analyzed. Also, the sequences of samples matched those of uncultured cyanobacteria from recreational lakes in Southern Germany. Our findings indicate that the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in coastal waters of Nigeria is of public and environmental health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina O Kadiri
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Isagba
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Jeffrey U Ogbebor
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Osasere A Omoruyi
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacteria, Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cyanobacteria, Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mathias Ahii Chia
- Laboratory of Cyanobacteria, Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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9
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Drobac Backović D, Tokodi N, Nikolin B, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacteria - insidious foe of the skin? JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:314-330. [PMID: 32589618 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic microorganisms that shaped today's atmosphere. Anthropocentric and irresponsible activities are changing the atmosphere which favor the frequent occurrence and mass development of cyanobacteria. Extensive cyanobacterial blooming causes numerous problems, including negative effects on human skin. Climate change, depletion of ozone layer, and the increased ultraviolet radiation also affect the skin and lead to more frequent occurrence of skin cancer. This research, for the first time, attempts to establish a connection between these two factors, or whether, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, cyanobacteria can influence the incidence of melanoma. With this objective in mind, an epidemiological investigation was conducted in Vojvodina, Serbia. It was observed that the incidence of melanoma was higher in municipalities where water bodies used for recreation, irrigation and fishing are blooming; however, results could be considered as inconclusive, because of the restrictions in the cancer database. Nevertheless, results gathered from the reviewed literature support the hypothesis that cyanobacteria could be a new potential risk factor for melanoma, while climate change could be a catalyst that converts these potential risk factors into cofactors, which act synergistically with the main risk factor - ultraviolet radiation - and induce an increase of melanoma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobac Backović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail:
| | - Nada Tokodi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail:
| | - Borislava Nikolin
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Institutski put 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail: ; Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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10
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Luo F, Zhao Y, Liu J. Cell adhesion molecule 4 suppresses cell growth and metastasis by inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 123:105750. [PMID: 32325280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) is downregulated in many human cancers. However, CADM4 expression levels in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and its roles in NSCLC progression remain unknown. Our study aims to address these issues. We examined CADM4 levels in NSCLC tissues using real-time PCR and western blot. A549 and NCI-H1299 cells were then transfected with pcDNA3.1-CADM4 plasmid or siCADM4 to overexpress or knock down CADM4. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, migration, and invasion were evaluated. NSCLC cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-CADM4 plasmid or siCADM4 were treated with SC79 or LY294002, respectively, to investigate the involvement of the Akt signaling pathway. Male nude mice were subcutaneously injected with stably transfected cells (1 × 106 cells/mice) to observe tumor growth. Stable transfectants were injected into nude mice (1 × 106 cells/mice) via tail vein to observe tumor metastasis. The results showed that CADM4 gene and protein levels in NSCLC tissues were significantly lower than those in corresponding adjacent tissues. CADM4 overexpression markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We also found that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2 activities were reduced. Moreover, CADM4 overexpression arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase, with the changes in expression of cell cycle regulators. The Akt signaling pathway was inhibited by CADM4 overexpression. In contrast, CADM4 knockdown showed the opposite effects. Additionally, SC79 and LY294002 reversed the effects of CADM4 overexpression and CADM4 knockdown in vitro, respectively. In xenograft models, CAMD4 overexpression suppressed, while CADM4 knockdown promoted tumor growth, accompanied by changes in Ki67 expression. In in vivo metastasis assay, CADM4 overexpression decreased, while CADM4 knockdown increased numbers of metastatic nodules in lung and liver. These evidences suggest that CADM4 may regulate NSCLC progression via the Akt signaling pathway. CADM4 may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Hong XL, Xu J, Jiang RH, Li JY, Chen JL, Lu FC. Ruthenium(II) complexes containing a pendant methanol amidogen induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-019-00365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Clark AR, Ohlmeyer M. Protein phosphatase 2A as a therapeutic target in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:181-201. [PMID: 31158394 PMCID: PMC6700395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the selective removal of phosphate groups from protein serine and threonine residues. Emerging evidence suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor by constraining phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways that regulate cellular transformation and metastasis. Therefore, PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) are being actively sought and investigated as potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Here we explore the concept that PP2A also constrains inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways, suggesting that PADs may be effective in the treatment of inflammation-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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13
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Zhu Q, Wu Y, Yang M, Wang Z, Zhang H, Jiang X, Chen M, Jin T, Wang T. IRX5 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by negatively regulating the core components of the RHOA pathway. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:2065-2076. [PMID: 31432570 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. As tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with CRC, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that drive CRC metastasis. Studies have shown a close relationship between Iroquois homeobox (IRX) family genes and multiple cancers, while the mechanism by which IRX5 promotes CRC metastasis is unclear. Therefore, we focused on the involvement of IRX5 in CRC metastasis. In this study, analyses of clinical data indicated that the expression of IRX5 was coincided with metastatic colorectal tumors tissues and was negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with CRC. Functional analysis showed that IRX5 promoted the migration and invasion of CRC cells, accompanied by a large number of cellular protrusions. IRX5-overexpressing cells were more likely to form metastatic tumors in nude mice. Further analysis demonstrated that the core components of the RHOA/ROCK1/LIMK1 pathway were significantly inhibited in IRX5-overexpressing cells. Overexpression of LIMK1 effectively reversed the enhanced cellular motility caused by IRX5 overexpression. Moreover, we found that high levels of IRX5 in intestinal tissues were correlated with the inflammatory response. IRX5 was significantly increased in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate intestinal tissue of mice and IRX5-overexpressing may also enhance chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8. In summary, our findings suggested that IRX5 promoted CRC metastasis by inhibiting the RHOA-ROCK1-LIMK1 axis, which correlates with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinying Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Science Program, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Tianyu Jin
- Department of Clinic School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Kim JH. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate promotes lung cancer cell line A549 progression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:237-244. [PMID: 30944277 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in polyvinylchloride-based materials and remains intact in the environment. Lungs are one route of entry of DEHP into the body; however, there is limited information on the effects and mechanism of action of DEHP on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we addressed this by examining the effect of DEHP on the proliferation of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells by MTS assay. The induction of inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, were assessed by western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although there were discrepancies in the concentration, DEHP treatment enhanced A549 cell viability accompanied by increased mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-related factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 and nuclear factor-κB. Additionally, EMT was activated in cells according to decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Furthermore, MAPK pathway components, including phosphorylated p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway components, including phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β-catenin, as well as their downstream genes c-Myc and cyclin D1, were upregulated in the presence of DEHP. These results suggest that DEHP promotes NSCLC progression by promoting cell proliferation, inflammation, and EMT via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea
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15
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ADAM8 promotes chondrosarcoma cell migration and invasion by activating the NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling axis. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:e0790. [PMID: 31305294 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ADAM8 is reported to promote extracellular matrix degradation to provide conditions for tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism of ADAM8 in modulating chondrosarcoma (CHS) metastasis remains unclear. We used two human CHS cell lines SW1353 and HCS-2/8 to analyze the expression profiles of ADAM8 in CHS cells compared with the normal chondrocytes. An important proteolytic enzyme MMP-13 was detected as a marker for extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes. Then, by silencing or overexpressing ADAM8, the effects on cell migration and invasion in SW1353 and HCS-2/8, and the downstream signal transduction pathways were evaluated. ADAM8 and MMP-13 were highly expressed, and the NF-κB pathway was activated in SW1353 and HCS-2/8 cells. Silencing ADAM8 significantly reduced the ability of cell migration and invasion, and blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway through IκBα and p65 dephosphorylation, leading to reduced NF-κB transcription activity and decreased MMP-13 expression. ADAM8 overexpression promoted these processes, which, however, were reversed by an inhibitor Bay 11-7085. Our data showed a novel regulation mechanism for ADAM8 in promoting CHS migration and invasion by activating the NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling axis. Modulation of their levels may serve as potential targets in the treatment of CHS and even other cartilage diseases.
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Ren Y, Yang M, Ma R, Gong Y, Zou Y, Wang T, Wu J. Microcystin-LR promotes migration via the cooperation between microRNA-221/PTEN and STAT3 signal pathway in colon cancer cell line DLD-1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:107-113. [PMID: 30312888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches have reported that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) contributes to the progression of multiple types of carcinomas including colon cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear and require in-depth investigation. Here, the colon cell line DLD-1 was arranged for the analysis by the microRNA microarray which was associated with the cancer metastasis after MC-LR exposure. 31 human microRNAs were differentially expressed, including miR-221, which targeted 3'-UTR of PTEN mRNA and PTEN level was down-regulated by MC-LR treatment. Besides, MC-LR also induced the phosphorylation of STAT3, which can be reversed by adding miR-221 inhibitor and PTEN expression plasmid. Furthermore, miR-221 inhibitor, STAT3 siRNA and PTEN expression plasmid could reverse the effects of MC-LR induced migration with the accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei. In conclusion, our study suggested that MC-LR promoted the progression of colon carcinoma, at least in part, by regulating the expression miR-221, PTEN and STAT3 phosphorylation, which offers a novel perspective to understand the connection between MC-LR and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Yuntao Zou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Yu JJ, Pi WS, Cao Y, Peng AF, Cao ZY, Liu JM, Huang SH, Liu ZL, Zhang W. Let-7a inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth and lung metastasis by targeting Aurora-B. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6305-6315. [PMID: 30568492 PMCID: PMC6267740 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating studies showed that the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) was dysregulated in osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of let-7a on OS progression and its potential molecular mechanism. Patients and methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression level of let-7a and Aurora-B (AURKB) in OS tissues and cells. The OS cells were treated with let-7a mimic, let7a inhibitor, negative mimic and Lv-AURKB combined with let-7a. The ability of cell proliferation, migration and invasion was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. The protein of AURKB, NF-κβp65, MMP2 and MMP9 was measured by Western blot analysis. Xenograft model was performed to investigate the effects of let-7a on tumor growth and metastasis. The lung metastasis was measured by counting the metastatic node using H&E staining. Results Let-7a expression was significantly underexpressed in OS cell lines and tissues compared with human osteoblast cell lines, hFOB1.19, and adjacent normal bone tissues. Exogenous let-7a inhibited the viability, migratory and invasive ability of OS cells in vitro. In addition, the overexpression of AURKB in OS cells could partly rescue let-7a-mediated tumor inhibition. Also, the overexpression of let-7a inhibited OS cell growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, the results showed that let-7a could decrease the expression of NF-κβp65, MMP2 and MMP9 proteins by targeting AURKB in OS cells. Conclusion Let-7a inhibits the malignant phenotype of OS cells by targeting AURKB at least partially. Targeting let-7a and AURKB/NF-κβ may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wen-Sen Pi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Clinical Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fen Peng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shan-Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China,
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Pan C, Chen Y, Xu T, Wang J, Li D, Han X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-leucine-arginine promoted proliferation of prostate epithelial cells resulting in benign prostatic hyperplasia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1535-1545. [PMID: 30145517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), as a most common and deleterious variant among all structural analogues of Microcystins (MCs), can cause male reproductive dysfunction. However, its toxic effects on prostate in adult mice have not been invested in detail. In this study, we observed that MC-LR could enter prostate tissues and induce focal hyperplasia and prostate inflammation. Moreover, increased levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) in serum of mice following chronic exposure to MC-LR were detected. We also examined increased expression of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and PSA in human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) treated with MC-LR at low levels, and FOXM1 could regulate PSA expression. Furthermore, MC-LR also induced expression of CyclinD1 via FOXM1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in RWPE-1 cells, promoting proliferation of prostate epithelial cells, resulting in prostatic hyperplasia in vivo. As a foreign substance, MC-LR also induced immune reaction in RWPE-1 cells mediated by NF-κB pathway, promoting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that MC-LR may induce prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis in mice following chronic low-dose exposure to MC-LR. This work may provide new perspectives in developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies for MC-LR-induced prostatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianchi Xu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Sun Y, Yu X, Li M, Liu J. P44/42 MAPK signal pathway-mediated hyperphosphorylation of paxillin and redistribution of E-cadherin was involved in microcystin-LR-reduced cellular adhesion in a human liver cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:594-602. [PMID: 29505932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most common and toxic variant of microcystins. We hypothesize that p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signal pathway is involved in MC-LR-induced cell adhesion alteration in a human liver cell line-HL7702. We identified that MC-LR constantly activated MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signal pathway for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h in vitro. MC-LR reduced hepatocytes adhesion efficiency. Furthermore, as the focal adhesion biomarker, hyperphosphorylation of paxillin (ser83) was induced by MC-LR, which can be blocked by ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor (U0126) and was enhanced after hepatocytes transfected with pCMV6-MAPK plasmid. E-cadherin, as a biomarker which reflects the dynamic of cell-cell adhesion, its redistribution in hepatocytes was induced by MC-LR, and these redistribution and colocalization can be attenuated by U0126. Furthermore, MC-LR increased the co-localization efficiency of p-ERK1/2 with E-cadherin and paxillin. Finally, MC-LR-induced adhesive alteration of hepatocytes can be blocked by ERK1/2 signal pathway inhibitor. These data suggest ERK1/2-phospho-paxillin (ser83)/E-cadherin axis is involved in MC-LR toxic mechanism, which probably provides adaptive protection against MC-LR-induced hepatocytes adhesion changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Mo Li
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Chen Y, Wang J, Pan C, Li D, Han X. Microcystin-leucine-arginine causes blood-testis barrier disruption and degradation of occludin mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-8. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1117-1132. [PMID: 29071384 PMCID: PMC11105681 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) can cause male reproductive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MC-LR on the integrity of blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the related molecular mechanisms. Both transepithelial electrical resistance measurement in vitro and electron microscope observation ex vivo revealed that MC-LR caused disruption of the tight junction between Sertoli cells, which was paralleled by the degradation of occludin. We observed increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) upon exposure to MC-LR, and confirmed that abrogation of MMP-8 activity by specific inhibitors as well as transfection with MMP-8 shRNA could abolish the degradation of occludin. Our data demonstrated that MC-LR up-regulated nuclear levels of c-Fos and c-Jun through activating ERK and JNK, and increased NF-κB levels by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascades. Enhanced binding of c-Fos and NF-κB to the promoter of MMP-8 promoted the transcription of MMP-8 gene. Furthermore, miR-184-3p was significantly downregulated in SC following exposure to MC-LR through targeting MMP-8 expression. Together, these results confirmed that MC-LR-induced MMP-8 expression was regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, which was involved in MC-LR-induced degradation of occludin and BTB destruction. This work may provide new perspectives in developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies for MC-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Zhu Q, Wang Z, Zhou L, Ren Y, Gong Y, Qin W, Bai L, Hu J, Wang T. The role of cadherin-11 in microcystin-LR-induced migration and invasion in colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1417-1422. [PMID: 29399188 PMCID: PMC5774544 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether microcystin-LR (MC-LR; a well-known cyanobacterial toxin produced in eutrophic lakes or reservoirs) induced tumor progression by activating cadherin-11(CDH11). A previous tumor metastasis PCR array demonstrated that MC-LR exposure resulted in a significant increase in the expression of CDH11. In the present study, to confirm the effect of the MC-LR treatment on CDH11 expression, HT-29 cell migration and invasion following MC-LR treatment were tested by Transwell assays, and protein levels of CDH11 were tested by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that MC-LR activated CDH11 expression in addition to cell migration and invasion in HT-29 cells. To further investigate the association between MC-LR-induced CDH11 upregulation, and higher motility and invasiveness in HT-29 cells, knockdown of CDH11 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HT-29 cells was performed. Subsequent Transwell assays confirmed that MC-LR-induced enhancement of migration and invasion was significantly decreased following CDH11 knockdown by CDH11-siRNA in HT-29 cells. The results from the present study indicate that MC-LR may act as a CDH11 activator to promote HT-29 cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Clinical Medicine School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Lin Bai
- Clinical Medicine School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Clinical Medicine School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Wang B, Liu J, Huang P, Xu K, Wang H, Wang X, Guo Z, Xu L. Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition and subsequent cytoskeleton reorganization contributes to cell migration caused by microcystin-LR in human laryngeal epithelial cells (Hep-2). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:890-903. [PMID: 27393157 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The major toxic mechanism of Microcystin-LR is inhibition of the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), resulting in a series of cytotoxic effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that microcystin-LR (MCLR) induced very different molecular effects in normal cells and the tumor cell line SMMC7721. To further explore the MCLR toxicity mechanism in tumor cells, human laryngeal epithelial cells (Hep-2) was examined in this study. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and transwell migration assay were used to detect the effects of MCLR on PP2A activity, PP2A substrates, cytoskeleton, and cell migration. The results showed that the protein level of PP2A subunits and the posttranslational modification of the catalytic subunit were altered and that the binding of the AC core enzyme as well as the binding of PP2A/C and α4, was also affected. As PP2A substrates, the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway members, p38, ERK1/2, and the cytoskeleton-associated proteins, Hsp27, VASP, Tau, and Ezrin were increased. Furthermore, MCLR induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton and promoted cell migration. Taken together, direct covalent binding to PP2A/C, alteration of the protein levels and posttranslational modification, as well as the binding of subunits, are the main pattern for the effects of MCLR on PP2A in Hep-2. A dose-dependent change in p-Tau and p-Ezrin due to PP2A inhibition may contribute to the changes in the cytoskeleton and be related to the cell migration in Hep-2. Our data provide a comprehensive exposition of the MCLR mechanism on tumor cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 890-903, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kailun Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Zonglou Guo
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Wan D, Lai SH, Yang HH, Tang B, Zhang C, Yin H, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of the ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes on HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 165:246-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Microcystin-LR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells through PI3-K/AKT and SMAD2. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:53-60. [PMID: 27856280 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidences suggest that microcystins, a kind of toxic metabolites, produced by cyanobacteria in contaminated water may contribute to the aggravation of the human colorectal carcinoma. Our previous study showed that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure caused significant invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. However, the roles of MC-LR in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer cells remain unknown. In our study, we observed that MC-LR treatment decreased epithelial marker E-cadherin expression and up-regulated the levels of mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, MC-LR stimulated protein expression of SMAD2 and phospho-SMAD2 by PI3-K/AKT activation. The activated PI3-K/AKT and SMAD2 signaling largely accounted for MC-LR-induced EMT, which could be reversed by SMAD2 RNA interference or PI3-K/AKT chemical inhibitor in colorectal cancer cells. Our results show that MC-LR could induce SMAD2 expression to promote colorectal cancer cells EMT, which not only provides a mechanistic insight on MC-LR promotes EMT in colorectal cancer cells, but also support to the development of therapies aimed at SMAD2 in colorectal cancer induced by MC-LR.
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Yu X, Wang Q, Zhou X, Fu C, Cheng M, Guo R, Liu H, Zhang B, Dai M. Celastrol negatively regulates cell invasion and migration ability of human osteosarcoma via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3423-3428. [PMID: 27900015 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of the bone, with a tendency to metastasize early. Despite the advances in treatment options, more than 30% of patients develop distant metastases, and the prognosis of these patients with metastases is extremely poor. Celastrol has been demonstrated to manifest multiple pharmacological activities, including induction of apoptosis in numerous types of cancer cell lines. Our previous studies have also suggested that Celastrol is capable of inducing apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Celastrol on the migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma U-2OS cells in vitro. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using wound healing and Boyden chamber Transwell assays. We observed that Celastrol suppressed cell invasion and migration in human osteosarcoma U-2OS cells. Furthermore, protein expression levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, inhibitor of κB kinase α/β, inhibitor of κB α, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB subunit p65) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were measured by western blot analysis. We observed that the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited following Celastrol treatment. In addition, the expression levels of MMP-2 and -9 proteins were also reduced significantly following Celastrol treatment. Therefore, we confirmed that Celastrol suppressed osteosarcoma U-2OS cell metastasis via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changlin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Runsheng Guo
- Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hucheng Liu
- Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Chen L, Li S, Guo X, Xie P, Chen J. The role of GSH in microcystin-induced apoptosis in rat liver: Involvement of oxidative stress and NF-κB. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:552-560. [PMID: 25410294 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are potent and specific hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters, representing a health hazard to animals and humans. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and NF-κB activity in MC-induced apoptosis in rat liver and the role of glutathione (GSH). Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at 0.25 and 0.5 LD50 with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific GSH synthesis inhibitor. MC-LR induced time-dependent alterations of GSH levels in rat liver. Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant changes of antioxidant enzymes including GSH peroxidase (GPX) and GSH reductase (GR) were also observed, particularly at 24 h post-exposure. The results indicated that acute exposure to MC-LR induced oxidative stress, and GSH depletion (BSO pretreatment) enhanced the level of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the modulation of pro-apoptotic gene p53 and Bax and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was observed in 0.5 LD50 group at 24 h, and the alteration was more pronounced by BSO injection before MC-LR treatment, suggesting that GSH played a protective role against MC-induced toxicity. Additionally, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that NF-κB was induced at 0.25 LD50 but inhibited at 0.5 LD50 . The above results indicated that the possible crosstalk of oxidative stress and NF-κB activity was associated with MC-LR-induced hepatocytes apoptosis in vivo. Our data will provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanisms of MC-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangchun Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Zhang S, Ma J, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Cao J, Huang L, Li W, Xu P, Cao X. Promotion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate through matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 overexpression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9742-9749. [PMID: 26850096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an estrogenic chemical that is widely used in polyvinyl products. We aimed to determine the mechanisms behind the effects of DEHP on ERα-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion and matrix metalloproteinases-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) up-regulation in this study. Transwell assay indicated that DEHP exposure (>50 μg/ml) significantly enhanced the invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting revealed that MMP-2/-9 is overexpressed in mRNA and protein levels after DEHP treatment. Gelatin zymography consistently demonstrated that DEHP exposure also enhances the activity of MMP-2/-9. Immunofluorescence assay showed that DEHP could accelerate NF-kappaB (NF-κB) subunits-p65 translocation into the nucleus, which is confirmed by western blotting assay, suggesting that the ratio of nuclear/cytosolic level of p65 was significantly increased. Furthermore, the invasion and MMP-2/-9 overexpression of MDA-MB-231 cells after DEHP-treated were reversed by the NF-κB chemical inhibitor JSH-23 via drug inhibition assay. This study suggested that DEHP could promote ERα-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion through activating NF-κB and MMP-2/-9 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- Department of Reproductive Health, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lei Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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The toxic effects of microcystin-LR on mouse lungs and alveolar type II epithelial cells. Toxicon 2016; 115:81-8. [PMID: 26995211 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is produced by cyanobacteria and can accumulate in lungs through blood circulation. However, the effect of MC-LR on lung remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the chronic, low-dose effect of MC-LR on mouse lung tissues and the influence of MC-LR on mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII cells). METHODS MC-LR was orally administered to mice at 0, 1, 10, and 40 μg/L for 6 consecutive months and mouse lungs were obtained for histopathological and immunoblot analysis. ATII cells were cultured in various concentrations of MC-LR (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 nmol/L) for indicated time and the cell viability and proteins change were tested. RESULTS Our study revealed that the chronic, low-dose MC-LR exposure induced alveolar collapse and lung cell apoptosis as well as the breach of cell junction integrity. Furthermore, following treatment with MC-LR, ATII cells could uptake MC-LR, resulting in apoptosis and disruption of cell junction integrity. CONCLUSIONS These data support the toxic potential of low-dose MC-LR in rendering chronic injury to lung tissues.
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29
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Yue H, Yun Y, Gao R, Li G, Sang N. Winter Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Bound Particulate Matter from Peri-urban North China Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Metastasis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14484-14493. [PMID: 26008712 DOI: 10.1021/es506280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the close relationship between human exposure to high concentrations of small particulate matter (PM) and increased lung cancer mortality, PM was recently designated as a Group I carcinogen. Considering that PM is highly heterogeneous, the potential health risks of PM promoting tumor metastasis in lung cancer, as well as its chemical characteristics, remain elusive. In the present study, we collected PM2.5 and PM10 in a peri-urban residential site of Taiyuan and determined the concentration and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results indicated that 18 PAHs, ranging from 38.21 to 269.69 ng/m(3) (for PM2.5) and from 44.34 to 340.78 ng/m(3) (for PM10), exhibited seasonal variations, and the PAHs in winter PM mainly originated from coal combustion. We calculated the benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent (BaPeq) and found that the PAH-bound PM in winter exhibited higher carcinogenic risks for humans. Following this result, in vitro bioassays demonstrated that PM2.5 and PM10 induced A549 cell migration and invasion, and the mechanism involved reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Our data indicate the potential risk for winter PAH-bound PM from peri-urban North China promoting lung cancer cell metastasis and reveal a mechanistic basis for treating, ameliorating, or preventing outcomes in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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Adamovsky O, Moosova Z, Pekarova M, Basu A, Babica P, Svihalkova Sindlerova L, Kubala L, Blaha L. Immunomodulatory Potency of Microcystin, an Important Water-Polluting Cyanobacterial Toxin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12457-12464. [PMID: 26380879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are primarily hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria and are responsible for intoxication in humans and animals. There are many incidents of chronic exposure to MCs, which have been attributed to the inappropriate treatment of water supplies or contaminated food. Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, we showed the potency of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) to stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6) as a consequence of fast nuclear factor κB and nitrogen-activated protein kinase activation. In contrast to other studies, the observed effects were not attributed to the intracellular inhibition of protein phosphatases 1/2A due to lack of specific transmembrane transporters for MCs. However, the MC-LR-induced activation of macrophages was effectively inhibited by a specific peptide that blocks signaling of receptors, which play a pivotal role in the innate immune responses. Taken together, we showed for the first time that MC-LR could interfere with macrophage receptors that are responsible for triggering the above-mentioned signaling pathways. These findings provide an interesting mechanistic explanation of some adverse health outcomes associated with toxic cyanobacteria and MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Adamovsky
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Moosova
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Basu
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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LIU RUI, WANG WENJIE, DAI BINGLING, LIU YANPING, ZHANG YANMIN. Taspine derivative TAS9 regulates cell growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7735-41. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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32
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Identification and characterization of NF-kappaB binding sites in human miR-1908 promoter. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:158-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Liu J, Sun Y. The role of PP2A-associated proteins and signal pathways in microcystin-LR toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:1-7. [PMID: 25922137 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins are a family of monocyclic heptapeptides produced by cyanobacteria during water blooms. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most common member of this family. Microcystins induce a variety of toxic cellular effects, including oxidative damage, apoptosis, cytoskeletal destabilization, and cancer cell invasion. Recent studies have examined the molecular mechanism of their toxicity. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is emerging as a critical regulator of the microcystin-induced molecular network. Furthermore, it has been shown that several molecules or signal pathways associated with PP2A play important roles in microcystin-induced toxic effects. This review summarizes the recent research progress of the molecular mechanism and focuses on the role of PP2A in MC-LR toxicity, which will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of microcystin toxicity, and will provide biomarkers for toxicity assessment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
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Miao C, Ren Y, Chen M, Wang Z, Wang T. Microcystin-LR promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer through matrix metalloproteinase-13 up-regulation. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:514-24. [PMID: 25789966 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is an environmental toxin from blooms of cyanobacteria and it has been shown to be one of the environmental carcinogens for the progression of colorectal carcinoma. However, there is no direct evidence that MC-LR can induce colorectal cancer migration and invasion. In the present study, 0.04 or 40 µg/kg/d (human tolerable daily intake value of MC-LR) MC-LR treatment was observed to induce Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression in tumor tissues and local invasion in DLD-1 xenograft model. The results are consistent with those of cell test showing that MC-LR treatment enhanced migration and invasion of DLD-1, HT-29, and SW480 cells and are also correlated with the increased mRNA and protein levels of MMP-13 by Quantitative real-time PCR, Luciferase assay, and Western blot assay respectively in DLD-1 cells and HT-29 cells after MC-LR exposure. In addition, MMP-13 siRNA inhibited MC-LR induced migration and invasion enhancement and MMP-13 over-expression in DLD-1 cells and HT-29 cells. This is the first paper confirming MC-LR-induced MMP-13 expression can promote colorectal cancer invasion and migration. Further investigation revealed that phosphorylation of AKT increased in MC-LR-treated cells, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. (PI3-K/AKT) inhibitor LY294002 effectively abolished MC-LR-enhanced migration and invasion and MMP-13 expression. Therefore, based on these observations, we concluded that the activation of PI3K/AKT by MC-LR results in MMP-13 expression, leading to the migration and invasion of DLD-1 cells and HT-29 cells. The study provides a mechanistic insight into the promoting colorectal cancer functions of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicalSciences, Nanjing MedicalUniversity, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicalSciences, Nanjing MedicalUniversity, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicalSciences, Nanjing MedicalUniversity, Nanjing, China
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Histological effects and localization of dissolved microcystins LR and LW in the mayfly Ecdyonurus angelieri Thomas (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Toxicon 2014; 92:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Microcystin-LR induces anoikis resistance to the hepatocyte uptake transporter OATP1B3-expressing cell lines. Toxicology 2014; 326:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Perfluorooctanoic acid stimulates breast cancer cells invasion and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 expression mediated by activating NF-κB. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hu X, Liu Y, Zeng G, Hu X, Wang Y, Zeng X. Effects of limonene stress on the growth of and microcystin release by the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 105:121-127. [PMID: 24815049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of limonene exposure on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa and the release of toxic intracellular microcystin (MCY) were tested by evaluating the results obtained from the batch culture experiments with M. aeruginosa FACHB-905. The time series of cell as well as intracellular and extracellular MCY concentrations were evaluated during 5d of the incubation. After exposure to limonene, the number of cells gradually diminished; the net log cell reduction after 5d of the exposure was 3.0, 3.6, and 3.8log when the initial cell densities were set at 1.6×10(7), 1.1×10(6) and 4.1×10(5)cell/mL, respectively. Limonene was found to significantly influence the production and release of MCY. As the limonene exposure could inhibit the increase in the number of cells, the increase in the total MCY concentration in the medium was also inhibited. In the presence of limonene, the intracellular MCY was gradually released into the medium through a gradual reduction in the number of cells. The extracellular MCY concentration in the medium was significantly higher in the limonene-exposed samples than in the control samples, which confirmed that limonene cannot decompose the extracellular MCY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xinjiang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Chen L, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang X, Fan H, Li S, Xie P. NF-κB plays a key role in microcystin-RR-induced HeLa cell proliferation and apoptosis. Toxicon 2014; 87:120-30. [PMID: 24932741 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are well-known cyanobacterial toxins produced in eutrophic waters and can act as potential carcinogens and have caused serious risk to human health. However, pleiotropic even paradoxical actions of cells exposure to MCs have been reported, and the mechanisms of MC-induced tumorigenesis and apoptosis are still unknown. In this study, we performed the first comprehensive in vitro investigation on carcinogenesis associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its downstream genes in HeLa cells (Human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line from epithelial cells) exposure to MC-RR. HeLa cells were treated with 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 µg/mL MC-RR for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. HeLa cells presented dualistic responses to different doses of MCs. CCK8 assay showed that MC-RR exposure evidently enhanced cell viability of HeLa cells at lower MCs doses. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis revealed that lower MCs doses promoted G1/S transition and cell proliferation while higher doses of MCs induced apoptosis, with a dose-dependent manner. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that MC-RR could increase/decrease NF-κB activity at lower/higher MC-RR doses, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB downstream target genes including c-FLIP, cyclinD1, c-myc, and c-IAP2 showed the same variation trend as NF-κB activity both at mRNA and protein levels, which were induced by lower doses of MC-RR and suppressed by higher doses. Our data verified for the first time that NF-κB pathway may mediate MC-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis and provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism for potential carcinogenicity of MC-RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huihui Fan
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shangchun Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zhang J, Chen J, Xia Z. Microcystin-LR Exhibits Immunomodulatory Role in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes Through Activation of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:86-96. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Xu P, Zhang XX, Miao C, Fu Z, Li Z, Zhang G, Zheng M, Liu Y, Yang L, Wang T. Promotion of melanoma cell invasion and tumor metastasis by microcystin-LR via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8801-8808. [PMID: 23802678 DOI: 10.1021/es4007228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have indicated that microcystin-LR, a cyanobacterial toxin produced in eutrophic lakes or reservoirs, can increase invasive ability of melanoma MDA-MB-435 cells; however, the stimulatory effect needs identification by in vivo experiment and the related molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of microcystin-LR on invasion and metastasis of human melanoma cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism was also explored. MDA-MB-435 xenograft model assay showed that oral administration of nude mice with microcystin-LR at 0.001-0.1 mg/kg/d posed no significant effect on tumor weight. Histological examination demonstrated that microcystin-LR could promote lung metastasis, which is confirmed by Matrigel chamber assay suggesting that microcystin-LR treatment at 25 nM can increase the invasiveness of MDA-MB-435 cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments consistently showed that microcystin-LR exposure increased mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2/-9) by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/AKT. Additionally, microcystin-LR treatment at low doses (≤25 nM) decreased lipid phosphatase PTEN expression, and the microcystin-induced invasiveness enhancement and MMP-2/-9 overexpression were reversed by the PI3-K/AKT chemical inhibitor LY294002 and AKT siRNA, indicating that microcystin-LR promotes invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-435 cells via the PI3-K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029, China
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Wang N, Zheng L, Zhan Y, Zhang Y. A novel taspine derivative suppresses human liver tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo.. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:855-859. [PMID: 24137425 PMCID: PMC3789021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Taspine is an attractive target of research due to the anticancer and anti-angiogenic effects shown by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The present study investigated the role of tas1611, which is a derivative of taspine that has increased activity and solubility, in the regulation of the invasive properties of the SMMC-7721 liver cell line in vitro and in tumor inhibition in vivo. The proliferation of the SMMC-7721 cells was examined using the tetrazole blue colorimetric method. Matrigel® invasion chamber assays and zymogram analyses were performed to assess the inhibitory effect of tas1611 on cell invasion. Finally, a solid tumor athymic mouse model was employed to further investigate the anti-tumor effect of this compound. The results revealed that tas1611 had a marked inhibitory effect on the invasion of the SMMC-7721 cells and that this effect was associated with the activity and expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, tas1611 was able to inhibit tumor growth effectively in a solid tumor SMMC-7721 athymic mouse model. In conclusion, tas1611 may serve as a promising novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of metastatic liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Wang H, Zhou JW, Fu DAH, Zhou Y, Cheng WZ, Liu ZL. Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro.. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:113-117. [PMID: 23946787 PMCID: PMC3742729 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynura procumbens is a traditional herb used for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism and viral infections, although the antitumor effect and its potential mechanisms of action remain unclear. In the present study, the antitumor effect of Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract (GPE) on the osteosarcoma (OS) cell line, U2-OS, was investigated in vitro. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Transwell invasion and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the invasion and migration of the U2-OS cells. The results showed that GPE was able to inhibit U2-OS cell proliferation and metastasis and induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of the NF-κBp65 protein was detected by western blotting to evaluate the effects of GPE on the nuclear transfer of NF-κB. It was demonstrated that the expression of the NF-κBp65 protein was significantly decreased by GPE. This indicated that GPE was able to inhibit the nuclear transfer of NF-κB. The study shows that GPE is able to induce apoptosis and suppress proliferation and metastasis in U2-OS cells via the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Christen V, Meili N, Fent K. Microcystin-LR induces endoplasmatic reticulum stress and leads to induction of NFκB, interferon-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3378-3385. [PMID: 23431999 DOI: 10.1021/es304886y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria responsible for toxicity in humans and animals. Here, we investigate unexplored molecular pathways by which microcystin-LR (MC-LR) acts on hepatocytes to elucidate unknown modes of action. We focus on the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress response or unfolded protein response (UPR), and on mechanisms that may contribute to the tumor-promoting effect of MCs in animals, including the activation of NFκB, the expression of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), as well as the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To this end, we exposed human hepatoma cells (Huh7) to 0.5 μM (nontoxic concentration), 5 μM (EC50 concentration), 25 μM and 50 μM (cytotoxic concentrations) MC-LR for 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. The expression of phosphatase 2A (PP2A) mRNA and protein was induced at 5 μM MC-LR. Phosphorylated P-CREB, a transcription factor for PP2A, leads to elevated expression of PP2A. Furthermore, all of the three ER stress pathways, the UPR and the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation were activated after exposure to 5, 25, and 50 μM MC-LR. Additionally, the expression of NFκB, IFN-α, and several INF-α-stimulated genes was strongly activated. The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was also induced. Our data demonstrate that MC-LR induces all ER stress response pathways. Consequently NFκB is activated, which in turn induces the expression of IFN-α and TNF-α. All of these activated pathways, which are analyzed here for the first time in detail, may contribute to the hepatotoxic, inflammatory, and tumorigenic action of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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LIU ZHILI, MAO JIANHUA, PENG AIFEN, YIN QINGSHUI, ZHOU YANG, LONG XINHUA, HUANG SHANHU. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase suppresses osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:608-12. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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