1
|
Yuan D, Qi Y, Ma C, Fu P, Volmer DA. Selective molecular characterization of organic aerosols using in situ laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9847. [PMID: 38890224 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The sources and chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA) exert a significant influence on both regional and global atmospheric conditions, thereby having far-reaching implications on environmental chemistry. However, existing mass spectrometry (MS) methods have limitations in characterizing the detailed composition of OA due to selective ionization as well as fractionation during cold-water extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE). METHODS A comprehensive MS study was conducted using aerosol samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. To supplement the data obtained from electrospray ionization (ESI), a strategy for analyzing OAs collected using the quartz fiber filter directly utilizing laser desorption ionization (LDI) was employed. Additionally, the ESI method was conducted to explore suitable approaches for determining various OA compositions from samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. RESULTS In situ LDI has the advantages of significantly reducing the sample volume, simplifying sample preparation, and overcoming the problem of overestimating sulfur-containing compounds usually encountered in ESI. It is suitable for the characterization of highly unsaturated and hydrophobic aerosols, such as brown carbon-type compounds with low volatility and high stability, which is supplementary to ESI. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other ionization methods, in situ LDI helps provide a complementary description of the molecular compositions of OAs, especially for analyzing OAs in polluted day samples. This method may contribute to a more comprehensive MS analysis of the elusive compositions and sources of OA in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daohe Yuan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiang W, Wang W, Hou C, Fan C, Lei T, Li J, Ge M. Secondary organic aerosols from oxidation of 1-methylnaphthalene: Yield, composition, and volatility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170379. [PMID: 38280593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl-PAHs (APAHs) have been identified worldwide, which could rapidly react with chlorine and OH radicals in the atmosphere. In this study, a comprehensive investigation is conducted for SOA generated by a representative alkyl-naphthalene (1-methyl naphthalene, 1-MN) initiated by Cl, including yield, chemical composition, and volatility of SOA. To better understand 1-MN atmospheric oxidation, reaction mechanisms of 1MN with Cl atoms and OH radicals are proposed and compared under different nitrogen oxides (NOx) conditions. The SOA yields are comparable for Cl-initiated and OH-initiated reactions under high NOx conditions but increased in Cl-initiated reactions under low NOx conditions. The compounds with ten carbons are more abundant in Cl-initiated SOA, while compounds with nine carbons have higher intensity, suggesting that Cl caused ring-retained and alkyl-lost products and OH produces ring-broken and alkyl-retained compounds. The volatility of SOA is remarkably low, and SOA formed from Cl oxidation is slightly higher than that from OH oxidation. These results reveal that 1MN-derived SOA with OH and Cl radicals would have different physical-chemical properties and may play an important role in air quality and health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chunyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - CiCi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye C, Liu Y, Yuan B, Wang Z, Lin Y, Hu W, Chen W, Li T, Song W, Wang X, Lv D, Gu D, Shao M. Low-NO-like Oxidation Pathway Makes a Significant Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosol in Polluted Urban Air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13912-13924. [PMID: 37669221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollutants can greatly mediate formation pathways and chemical compositions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban atmospheres. We investigated the molecular tracers for different types of SOA in PM2.5 under varying NO/NO2 conditions in Guangzhou using source analysis of particle-phase speciated organics obtained from an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-I-CIMS). Results show that low-NO-like pathways (when NO/NO2 < 0.2) explained ∼75% of the total measured FIGAERO-OA during regional transport periods, which was enriched in more-oxidized C4-C6 non-nitrogenous compounds over ozone accumulation. Daytime high-NO chemistry played larger roles (38%) in local pollution episodes, with organic nitrates (ONs) and nitrophenols increasing with enhanced aerosol water content and nitrate fraction. Nighttime NO3-initiated oxidation, characterized by monoterpene-derived ONs, accounted for comparable percentages (10-12%) of FIGAERO-OA for both two periods. Furthermore, the presence of organosulfates (OSs) improves the understanding of the roles of aqueous-phase processes in SOA production. Carbonyl-derived OSs exhibited a preferential formation under conditions of high aerosol acidity and/or abundant sulfate, which correlated well with low-NO-like SOA. Our results demonstrate the importance of NO/NO2 ratios in controlling SOA compositions, as well as interactions between water content, aerosol acidity, and inorganic salts in gas-to-particle partitioning of condensable organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuo Ye
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKL-ESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKL-ESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tiange Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Daqi Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKL-ESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dasa Gu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasidharan S, He Y, Akherati A, Li Q, Li W, Cocker D, McDonald BC, Coggon MM, Seltzer KM, Pye HOT, Pierce JR, Jathar SH. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Volatile Chemical Product Emissions: Model Parameters and Contributions to Anthropogenic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11891-11902. [PMID: 37527511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Volatile chemical products (VCP) are an increasingly important source of hydrocarbon and oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) emissions to the atmosphere, and these emissions are likely to play an important role as anthropogenic precursors for secondary organic aerosol (SOA). While the SOA from VCP hydrocarbons is often accounted for in models, the formation, evolution, and properties of SOA from VCP OVOCs remain uncertain. We use environmental chamber data and a kinetic model to develop SOA parameters for 10 OVOCs representing glycols, glycol ethers, esters, oxygenated aromatics, and amines. Model simulations suggest that the SOA mass yields for these OVOCs are of the same magnitude as widely studied SOA precursors (e.g., long-chain alkanes, monoterpenes, and single-ring aromatics), and these yields exhibit a linear correlation with the carbon number of the precursor. When combined with emissions inventories for two megacities in the United States (US) and a US-wide inventory, we find that VCP VOCs react with OH to form 0.8-2.5× as much SOA, by mass, as mobile sources. Hydrocarbons (terpenes, branched and cyclic alkanes) and OVOCs (terpenoids, glycols, glycol ethers) make up 60-75 and 25-40% of the SOA arising from VCP use, respectively. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge focused on studying VCP VOC contributions to urban air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Sasidharan
- Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yicong He
- Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ali Akherati
- Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Weihua Li
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David Cocker
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Matthew M Coggon
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Karl M Seltzer
- Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Havala O T Pye
- Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Pierce
- Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Shantanu H Jathar
- Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Cheng M, Gao J, Li J. Review of the influencing factors of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging mechanism based on photochemical smog chamber simulation methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:545-559. [PMID: 36522014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation and aging mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its influencing factors have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of their effects on climate change, atmospheric quality and human health. However, there are still large errors between air quality model simulation results and field observations. The currently undetected components during the formation and aging of SOA due to the limitation of current monitoring techniques and the interactions among multiple SOA formation influencing factors might be the main reasons for the differences. In this paper, we present a detailed review of the complex dynamic physical and chemical processes and the corresponding influencing factors involved in SOA formation and aging. And all these results were mainly based the studies of photochemical smog chamber simulation. Although the properties of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxidants (such as OH radicals), and atmospheric environmental factors (such as NOx, SO2, NH3, light intensity, temperature, humidity and seed aerosols) jointly influence the products and yield of SOA, the nucleation and vapor pressure of these products were found to be the most fundamental aspects when interpreting the dynamics of the SOA formation and aging process. The development of techniques for measuring intermediate species in SOA generation processes and the study of SOA generation and aging mechanism in complex systems should be important topics of future SOA research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Junling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Day DA, Fry JL, Kang HG, Krechmer JE, Ayres BR, Keehan NI, Thompson SL, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Schroder JC, Stark H, DeVault MP, Ziemann PJ, Zarzana KJ, Wild RJ, Dubè WP, Brown SS, Jimenez JL. Secondary Organic Aerosol Mass Yields from NO 3 Oxidation of α-Pinene and Δ-Carene: Effect of RO 2 Radical Fate. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7309-7330. [PMID: 36170568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dark chamber experiments were conducted to study the SOA formed from the oxidation of α-pinene and Δ-carene under different peroxy radical (RO2) fate regimes: RO2 + NO3, RO2 + RO2, and RO2 + HO2. SOA mass yields from α-pinene oxidation were <1 to ∼25% and strongly dependent on available OA mass up to ∼100 μg m-3. The strong yield dependence of α-pinene oxidation is driven by absorptive partitioning to OA and not by available surface area for condensation. Yields from Δ-carene + NO3 were consistently higher, ranging from ∼10-50% with some dependence on OA for <25 μg m-3. Explicit kinetic modeling including vapor wall losses was conducted to enable comparisons across VOC precursors and RO2 fate regimes and to determine atmospherically relevant yields. Furthermore, SOA yields were similar for each monoterpene across the nominal RO2 + NO3, RO2 + RO2, or RO2 + HO2 regimes; thus, the volatility basis sets (VBS) constructed were independent of the chemical regime. Elemental O/C ratios of ∼0.4-0.6 and nitrate/organic mass ratios of ∼0.15 were observed in the particle phase for both monoterpenes in all regimes, using aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. An empirical relationship for estimating particle density using AMS-derived elemental ratios, previously reported in the literature for non-nitrate containing OA, was successfully adapted to organic nitrate-rich SOA. Observations from an NO3- chemical ionization mass spectrometer (NO3-CIMS) suggest that Δ-carene more readily forms low-volatility gas-phase highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) than α-pinene, which primarily forms volatile and semivolatile species, when reacted with NO3, regardless of RO2 regime. The similar Δ-carene SOA yields across regimes, high O/C ratios, and presence of HOMs, suggest that unimolecular and multistep processes such as alkoxy radical isomerization and decomposition may play a role in the formation of SOA from Δ-carene + NO3. The scarcity of peroxide functional groups (on average, 14% of C10 groups carried a peroxide functional group in one test experiment in the RO2 + RO2 regime) appears to rule out a major role for autoxidation and organic peroxide (ROOH, ROOR) formation. The consistently substantially lower SOA yields observed for α-pinene + NO3 suggest such pathways are less available for this precursor. The marked and robust regime-independent difference in SOA yield from two different precursor monoterpenes suggests that in order to accurately model SOA production in forested regions the chemical mechanism must feature some distinction among different monoterpenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Juliane L Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin R Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Natalie I Keehan
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Samantha L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jason C Schroder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Marla P DeVault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kyle J Zarzana
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Robert J Wild
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - William P Dubè
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomes Alves E, Taylor T, Robin M, Pinheiro Oliveira D, Schietti J, Duvoisin Júnior S, Zannoni N, Williams J, Hartmann C, Gonçalves JFC, Schöngart J, Wittmann F, Piedade MTF. Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:721-733. [PMID: 35357064 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems. We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species - Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea - across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon. From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro-topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table). We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Gomes Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - T Taylor
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Robin
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - D Pinheiro Oliveira
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schietti
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Biology Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - N Zannoni
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Hartmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J F C Gonçalves
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schöngart
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - F Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany
| | - M T F Piedade
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen L, Huang Y, Xue Y, Jia Z, Wang W. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Degradation of Methyl Butyl Ketone. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2976-2988. [PMID: 35536543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl butyl ketone (MBK, 2-hexanone) is a common atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) owing to broad industrial applications, but its atmospheric oxidation mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, the detailed mechanisms and kinetic properties of MBK oxidation initiated by OH radicals and subsequent transformation of the resulting intermediates are performed by employing quantum chemical and kinetic modeling methods. The calculations show that H-abstraction at the C4 position of MBK is more favorable than those at the other positions, with the total rate coefficient of k(T) = 4.13 × 10-14 exp(1576/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 273-400 K. The dominant pathway of unimolecular degradation of the C-centered alkyl radical is 1,2-acyl group migration. For the isomerization of the peroxy radical RO2, 1,5- and 1,6-H shifts are more favorable than 1,3- and 1,4-H shifts. The multiconformer rate coefficient kMC-TST of the first H-shift of the RO2 radical is estimated to be 1.40 × 10-3 s-1 at room temperature. Compared to the H-shifts of analogous aliphatic RO2 radicals, it can be concluded that the carbonyl group enhances the H-shift rates by as much as 2-4 orders of magnitude. The rate coefficients of the RO2 radical reaction with the HO2 radical exhibit a weakly negative temperature dependence, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant k'HO2 = kHO2[HO2] is calculated to be 3.32-22.10 × 10-3 s-1 at ambient temperature. The bimolecular reaction of the RO2 radical with NO leads to the formation of 3-oxo-butanal as the main product with the formation concentration of 2.2-7.4 μg/m3 in urban areas. The predicted pseudo-first-order rate constant k'NO = kNO[NO] is 2.20-9.98 s-1 at room temperature. By comparing the kMC-TST, k'HO2, and k'NO, it can be concluded that reaction with NO is the dominant removal pathway for the RO2 radical formed from the OH-initiated oxidation of MBK. These findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the photochemical oxidation of ketones under realistic atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yonggang Xue
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhihui Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aruffo E, Wang J, Ye J, Ohno P, Qin Y, Stewart M, McKinney K, Di Carlo P, Martin ST. Partitioning of Organonitrates in the Production of Secondary Organic Aerosols from α-Pinene Photo-Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5421-5429. [PMID: 35413185 PMCID: PMC9069682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical pathways for the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are influenced by the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), including the production of organonitrates (ON). Herein, a series of experiments conducted in an environmental chamber investigated the production and partitioning of total organonitrates from α-pinene photo-oxidation from <1 to 24 ppb NOx. Gas-phase and particle-phase organonitrates (gON and pON, respectively) were measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The composition of the particle phase and the particle mass concentration were simultaneously characterized by online aerosol mass spectrometry. The LIF and MS measurements of pON concentrations had a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91 from 0.3 to 1.1 μg m-3. For 1-6 ppb NOx, the yield of SOA particle mass concentration increased from 0.02 to 0.044 with NOx concentration. For >6 ppb NOx, the yield steadily dropped, reaching 0.034 at 24 ppb NOx. By comparison, the yield of pON steadily increased from 0.002 to 0.022 across the range of investigated NOx concentrations. The yield of gON likewise increased from 0.005 to 0.148. The gas-to-particle partitioning ratio (pON/(pON + gON)) depended strongly on the NOx concentration, changing from 0.27 to 0.13 as the NOx increased from <1 to 24 ppb. In the atmosphere, there is typically a cross-over point between clean and polluted conditions that strongly affects SOA production, and the results herein quantitatively identify 6 ppb NOx as that point for α-pinene photo-oxidation under these study conditions, including the production and partitioning of organonitrates. The trends in SOA yield and partitioning ratio as a function of NOx occur because of the changes in pON volatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aruffo
- Department
of Advanced Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
- Center
for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution
Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment
and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 211544, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- School
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 5180551, China
| | - Paul Ohno
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Matthew Stewart
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Karena McKinney
- Department
of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
| | - Piero Di Carlo
- Department
of Advanced Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
- Center
for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Scot T. Martin
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ling Z, Wu L, Wang Y, Shao M, Wang X, Huang W. Roles of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation and its implication: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:259-285. [PMID: 35459491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a very important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere. However, the simulations of SOA, which could help to elucidate the detailed mechanism of SOA formation and quantify the roles of various precursors, remains unsatisfactory, as SOA levels are frequently underestimated. It has been found that the performance of SOA formation models can be significantly improved by incorporating the emission and evolution of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs). In order to explore the roles of S/IVOCs in SOA formation, this study reviews some simulation models which could consider S/IVOCs for SOA formation as well as the development of emission inventories of S/IVOCs and S/IVOC modules for SOA formation. In addition, the future research directions for simulations of the effect of S/IVOCs on SOA formation are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Ling
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Liqing Wu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Shao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Weiwen Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma J, Chen Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Li L. Diffusion simulation, health risks, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of gaseous pollutants from rural comprehensive waste treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131857. [PMID: 34392199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive waste treatment plants (CWTPs) are significant sources of gaseous pollutants such as odors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), polluting the environment and endangering human health. This study conducted on-site investigations on gaseous pollutants emissions from different areas of a CWTP. A total of 10 pollutants were identified of which ammonia (11.32 mg/m³ in average) was the main odorous substance, and benzene (19.51 mg/m³ in average) and toluene (42.07 mg/m³ in average) were the main VOCs. The feeding workshop (FW) was considered the main source of gaseous pollutants. The Gaussian plume model demonstrated that the pollution became more serious after spreading in the southeast downwind direction. Occupational exposure risks of on-site workers were mainly attributed to hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene, and toluene, as their hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (CR) exceeded the recommended occupational safety limits. The gaseous pollutants diffused from CWTP may still pose a potential health risk to residents within a range of up to 7.5 km. The emulation and quantification of ozone formation potential by methods of Propyl-Equiv and MIR demonstrated that the contribution rate of toluene presented in each stage of CWTP exceed 80 %. Toluene was also the largest contributor to secondary organic aerosol with the contribution rate reached 56.34-85.14 %, followed by benzene (14.72-38.52 %). This research provides a basis for the reduction and control of gaseous pollutants in the treatment and disposal of rural domestic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Zexiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li K, Wentzell JJB, Liu Q, Leithead A, Moussa SG, Wheeler MJ, Han C, Lee P, Li SM, Liggio J. Evolution of Atmospheric Total Organic Carbon from Petrochemical Mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12841-12851. [PMID: 34525806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive organic compounds play a central role in the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. The ability to accurately predict their fate, in part, relies upon quantitative knowledge of the chemical and physical parameters associated with the total organic carbon (TOC), which includes both precursors and oxidation products that evolve in the atmosphere over short to long time scales. However, such knowledge, obtained via limited carbon closure experiments, has not been attained for complex anthropogenic emissions. Here we present the first comprehensive characterization of TOC in the atmospheric oxidation of organic vapors from light and heavy oil mixtures associated with oil sand operations. Despite the complexity of the investigated oil mixtures, we are able to achieve carbon closure (83-116%) within the uncertainties (±20%), with the degree of the closure being dependent upon the vapor composition and NOx levels. In contrast to biogenic precursors (e.g., α-pinene), the photochemical time scale required for a largely complete oxidation and evolution of chemical parameters is very long for the petrochemical vapors (i.e., ∼7-10 days vs ∼1 day), likely due to the lower initial precursor reactivity. This suggests that petrochemical emissions and their impacts are likely to extend further spatially than biogenic emissions, and retain more of their complex composition and reactivity for many days. The results of this work provide key parameters to regional models for further improving the representation of the chemical evolution of petrochemical emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy J B Wentzell
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Qifan Liu
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Amy Leithead
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Samar G Moussa
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Chong Han
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Patrick Lee
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Shao-Meng Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - John Liggio
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lamkaddam H, Dommen J, Ranjithkumar A, Gordon H, Wehrle G, Krechmer J, Majluf F, Salionov D, Schmale J, Bjelić S, Carslaw KS, El Haddad I, Baltensperger U. Large contribution to secondary organic aerosol from isoprene cloud chemistry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabe2952. [PMID: 33762335 PMCID: PMC7990335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols still present the largest uncertainty in estimating anthropogenic radiative forcing. Cloud processing is potentially important for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, a major aerosol component: however, laboratory experiments fail to mimic this process under atmospherically relevant conditions. We developed a wetted-wall flow reactor to simulate aqueous-phase processing of isoprene oxidation products (iOP) in cloud droplets. We find that 50 to 70% (in moles) of iOP partition into the aqueous cloud phase, where they rapidly react with OH radicals, producing SOA with a molar yield of 0.45 after cloud droplet evaporation. Integrating our experimental results into a global model, we show that clouds effectively boost the amount of SOA. We conclude that, on a global scale, cloud processing of iOP produces 6.9 Tg of SOA per year or approximately 20% of the total biogenic SOA burden and is the main source of SOA in the mid-troposphere (4 to 6 km).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Hamish Gordon
- Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Günther Wehrle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniil Salionov
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schmale
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saša Bjelić
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth S Carslaw
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Z, Tsona NT, Li J, Wang S, Xu L, You B, Du L. Effects of NO x and SO 2 on the secondary organic aerosol formation from the photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene: A new source of organosulfates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114742. [PMID: 32402708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,3,5-Trimethylbeneze (TMB) is an important constituent of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds that contributes to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). A series of chamber experiments were performed to probe the effects of NOx and SO2 on SOA formation from TMB photooxidation. The molecular composition of TMB SOA was investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-HR-Q-TOFMS). We found that the SOA yield increases notably with elevated NOx concentrations under low-NOx condition ([TMB]0/[NOx]0 > 10 ppbC ppb-1), while an opposite trend is observed in high-NOx experiments ([TMB]0/[NOx]0 < 10 ppbC ppb-1). The increase in SOA yield in low-NOx regime is attributed to the increase of NOx-induced OH concentrations. The formation of low-volatility species might be suppressed, thereby leading to a lower SOA yield in high-NOx conditions. Moreover, SOA formation was promoted in experiment with SO2 addition. Multifunctional products containing carbonyl, acid, alcohol, and nitrate functional groups were characterized in TMB/NOx photooxidation, whereas several organosulfates (OSs) and nitrooxy organosulfates were identified in TMB/NOx/SO2 photooxidation based on HR-Q-TOFMS analysis. The formation mechanism relevant to the detected compounds in SOA were proposed. Based on our measurements, the photooxidation of TMB in the presence of SO2 may be a new source of OSs in the atmosphere. The results presented here also deepen the understanding of SOA formation under relatively complex polluted environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Li Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bo You
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qi X, Zhu S, Zhu C, Hu J, Lou S, Xu L, Dong J, Cheng P. Smog chamber study of the effects of NOx and NH 3 on the formation of secondary organic aerosols and optical properties from photo-oxidation of toluene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138632. [PMID: 32315905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have been receiving significant attention because of their significant impacts on air quality and human health. In this study, the influences of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) on SOA formation from photooxidation of toluene was investigated in the Shanghai university smog chamber. The chemical and physical characteristics of gas-phase products and SOAs from toluene photo-oxidation were characterized using laboratory-developed single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry, and cavity ring-down aerosol extinction albedo spectroscopy instruments. It was observed that increasing the initial nitrogen oxides ([NOx]0) under low-[NOx]0 conditions enhanced the SOA yield, while increasing [NOx]0 under high-[NOx]0 conditions suppressed the SOA yield. After adding NH3, the number concentration, average SOA diameter, and extinction and scattering coefficients showed an immediate and rapid increase due to the formation of significant amounts of condensable ammonium nitrate and nitrogen-containing (NOC) compounds. Moreover, a simplified reaction mechanism for the photooxidation of toluene initiated by the hydroxyl radical (OH) was believed to follow two reaction channels: minor H abstraction, and major OH addition, which continuously induced the subsequent reactions. The results of this study presented rapid analytical method for the joint use of a smog chamber with on-line analytical instruments to immediately characterize the effects of SOA formation, which will help in understanding the new particle formation and particle growth, and thus provides a new insight for in-depth understanding of the haze pollution in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shuping Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chenzhang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junguo Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yee LD, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Wernis RA, Kreisberg NM, Glasius M, Riva M, Surratt JD, de Sá SS, Martin ST, Alexander ML, Palm BB, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Liu Y, Misztal PK, Artaxo P, Viegas J, Manzi A, de Souza RAF, Edgerton ES, Baumann K, Goldstein AH. Natural and Anthropogenically Influenced Isoprene Oxidation in Southeastern United States and Central Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5980-5991. [PMID: 32271021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions alter secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry from naturally emitted isoprene. We use correlations of tracers and tracer ratios to provide new perspectives on sulfate, NOx, and particle acidity influencing isoprene-derived SOA in two isoprene-rich forested environments representing clean to polluted conditions-wet and dry seasons in central Amazonia and Southeastern U.S. summer. We used a semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) and filter samplers to measure SOA tracers indicative of isoprene/HO2 (2-methyltetrols, C5-alkene triols, 2-methyltetrol organosulfates) and isoprene/NOx (2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methylglyceric acid organosulfate) pathways. Summed concentrations of these tracers correlated with particulate sulfate spanning three orders of magnitude, suggesting that 1 μg m-3 reduction in sulfate corresponds with at least ∼0.5 μg m-3 reduction in isoprene-derived SOA. We also find that isoprene/NOx pathway SOA mass primarily comprises organosulfates, ∼97% in the Amazon and ∼55% in Southeastern United States. We infer under natural conditions in high isoprene emission regions that preindustrial aerosol sulfate was almost exclusively isoprene-derived organosulfates, which are traditionally thought of as representative of an anthropogenic influence. We further report the first field observations showing that particle acidity correlates positively with 2-methylglyceric acid partitioning to the gas phase and negatively with the ratio of 2-methyltetrols to C5-alkene triols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca A Wernis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Suzane S de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - M Lizabeth Alexander
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brett B Palm
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yingjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-020
| | - Juarez Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69060-001
| | - Antonio Manzi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69060-001
| | | | - Eric S Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Karsten Baumann
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
XU J, HUANG MQ. Influence of Inorganic Gases on Formation and Chemical Composition of Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons Secondary Organic Aerosol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
Abstract
Remarkable progress has occurred over the last 100 years in our understanding of atmospheric chemical composition, stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry, urban air pollution, acid rain, and the formation of airborne particles from gas-phase chemistry. Much of this progress was associated with the developing understanding of the formation and role of ozone and of the oxides of nitrogen, NO and NO2, in the stratosphere and troposphere. The chemistry of the stratosphere, emerging from the pioneering work of Chapman in 1931, was followed by the discovery of catalytic ozone cycles, ozone destruction by chlorofluorocarbons, and the polar ozone holes, work honored by the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Crutzen, Rowland, and Molina. Foundations for the modern understanding of tropospheric chemistry were laid in the 1950s and 1960s, stimulated by the eye-stinging smog in Los Angeles. The importance of the hydroxyl (OH) radical and its relationship to the oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) emerged. The chemical processes leading to acid rain were elucidated. The atmosphere contains an immense number of gas-phase organic compounds, a result of emissions from plants and animals, natural and anthropogenic combustion processes, emissions from oceans, and from the atmospheric oxidation of organics emitted into the atmosphere. Organic atmospheric particulate matter arises largely as gas-phase organic compounds undergo oxidation to yield low-volatility products that condense into the particle phase. A hundred years ago, quantitative theories of chemical reaction rates were nonexistent. Today, comprehensive computer codes are available for performing detailed calculations of chemical reaction rates and mechanisms for atmospheric reactions. Understanding the future role of atmospheric chemistry in climate change and, in turn, the impact of climate change on atmospheric chemistry, will be critical to developing effective policies to protect the planet.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shrivastava M, Andreae MO, Artaxo P, Barbosa HMJ, Berg LK, Brito J, Ching J, Easter RC, Fan J, Fast JD, Feng Z, Fuentes JD, Glasius M, Goldstein AH, Alves EG, Gomes H, Gu D, Guenther A, Jathar SH, Kim S, Liu Y, Lou S, Martin ST, McNeill VF, Medeiros A, de Sá SS, Shilling JE, Springston SR, Souza RAF, Thornton JA, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Yee LD, Ynoue R, Zaveri RA, Zelenyuk A, Zhao C. Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1046. [PMID: 30837467 PMCID: PMC6401186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the least understood aspects in atmospheric chemistry is how urban emissions influence the formation of natural organic aerosols, which affect Earth's energy budget. The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few remaining places on Earth where atmospheric chemistry transitions between preindustrial and urban-influenced conditions. Here, we integrate insights from several laboratory measurements and simulate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the Amazon using a high-resolution chemical transport model. Simulations show that emissions of nitrogen-oxides from Manaus, a city of ~2 million people, greatly enhance production of biogenic SOA by 60-200% on average with peak enhancements of 400%, through the increased oxidation of gas-phase organic carbon emitted by the forests. Simulated enhancements agree with aircraft measurements, and are much larger than those reported over other locations. The implication is that increasing anthropogenic emissions in the future might substantially enhance biogenic SOA in pristine locations like the Amazon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0230, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, Mainz, D-55020, Germany
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Larry K Berg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Joel Brito
- IMT Lille Douai, University of Lille, SAGE, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Joseph Ching
- Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1, Nagamine, Tsukuba, 305-0052, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Jiwen Fan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jerome D Fast
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Zhe Feng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jose D Fuentes
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Eliane Gomes Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, Manaus, AM, 69.060-000, Brazil
| | - Helber Gomes
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Dasa Gu
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alex Guenther
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Shantanu H Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA
| | - Saewung Kim
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Sijia Lou
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - V Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Adan Medeiros
- Amazonas State University, Center of Superior Studies of Tefé, R. Brasília, Tefé, AM, 69470000, Brazil
| | - Suzane S de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - John E Shilling
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Stephen R Springston
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, NY, 11973, USA
| | - R A F Souza
- Amazonas State University, Superior School of Technology, Av Darcy Vargas, Manaus, AM, 69050020, Brazil
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | - Lindsay D Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Rita Ynoue
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508090, Brazil
| | - Rahul A Zaveri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Chun Zhao
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang W, Saathoff H, Shen X, Ramisetty R, Leisner T, Mohr C. Chemical Characterization of Highly Functionalized Organonitrates Contributing to Night-Time Organic Aerosol Mass Loadings and Particle Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1165-1174. [PMID: 30615422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with NO3 radicals and of reactive intermediates of oxidized VOC with NO x can lead to the formation of highly functionalized organonitrates (ON). We present quantitative and chemical information on ON contributing to high night-time organic aerosol (OA) mass concentrations measured during July-August 2016 in a rural area in southwest Germany. A filter inlet for gases and aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS) was used to analyze the molecular composition of ON in both the gas and particle phase. We find larger contributions of ON to OA mass during the night. Identified ON are highly functionalized, with 4 to 12 oxygen atoms. The diel patterns of ON compounds with 5, 7, 10, or 15 carbon atoms per molecule vary, indicating a corresponding behavior of their potential precursor VOC. The temporal behavior of ON after sunset correlates with that of the number concentration of ultrafine particles, indicating a potential role of ON in night-time new particle formation (NPF) regularly observed at this location. We estimate an ON contribution of 18-25% to the mass increase of newly formed particles after sunset. Our study provides insights into the chemical composition of highly functionalized ON in the rural atmosphere and the role of anthropogenic emissions for night-time SOA formation in an area where biogenic VOC emissions dominate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , 76131 , Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , 76131 , Germany
| | - Ramakrishna Ramisetty
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , 69120 , Germany
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm , 11418 , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park M, Joo HS, Lee K, Jang M, Kim SD, Kim I, Borlaza LJS, Lim H, Shin H, Chung KH, Choi YH, Park SG, Bae MS, Lee J, Song H, Park K. Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17007. [PMID: 30451941 PMCID: PMC6242998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in the ambient atmosphere are strongly associated with adverse health effects. However, it is unlikely that all fine particles are equally toxic in view of their different sizes and chemical components. Toxicity of fine particles produced from various combustion sources (diesel engine, gasoline engine, biomass burning (rice straw and pine stem burning), and coal combustion) and non-combustion sources (road dust including sea spray aerosols, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)), which are known major sources of PM2.5, was determined. Multiple biological and chemical endpoints were integrated for various source-specific aerosols to derive toxicity scores for particles originating from different sources. The highest toxicity score was obtained for diesel engine exhaust particles, followed by gasoline engine exhaust particles, biomass burning particles, coal combustion particles, and road dust, suggesting that traffic plays the most critical role in enhancing the toxic effects of fine particles. The toxicity ranking of fine particles produced from various sources can be used to better understand the adverse health effects caused by different fine particle types in the ambient atmosphere, and to provide practical management of fine particles beyond what can be achieved only using PM mass which is the current regulation standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hung Soo Joo
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyul Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoseon Jang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Injeong Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucille Joanna S Borlaza
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungbin Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science & Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjae Shin
- R&D Headquarter, KT&G, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Gu Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyul Song
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xing L, Shrivastava M, Fu TM, Roldin P, Qian Y, Xu L, Ng NL, Shilling J, Zelenyuk A, Cappa CD. Parameterized Yields of Semivolatile Products from Isoprene Oxidation under Different NO x Levels: Impacts of Chemical Aging and Wall-Loss of Reactive Gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9225-9234. [PMID: 30028598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a parametrizable box model to empirically derive the yields of semivolatile products from VOC oxidation using chamber measurements, while explicitly accounting for the multigenerational chemical aging processes (such as the gas-phase fragmentation and functionalization and aerosol-phase oligomerization and photolysis) under different NO x levels and the loss of particles and gases to chamber walls. Using the oxidation of isoprene as an example, we showed that the assumptions regarding the NO x-sensitive, multigenerational aging processes of VOC oxidation products have large impacts on the parametrized product yields and SOA formation. We derived sets of semivolatile product yields from isoprene oxidation under different NO x levels. However, we stress that these product yields must be used in conjunction with the corresponding multigenerational aging schemes in chemical transport models. As more mechanistic insights regarding SOA formation from VOC oxidation emerge, our box model can be expanded to include more explicit chemical aging processes and help ultimately bridge the gap between the process-based understanding of SOA formation from VOC oxidation and the bulk-yield parametrizations used in chemical transport models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xing
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Manish Shrivastava
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Yun Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - John Shilling
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yee LD, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Wernis RA, Meng M, Rivera V, Kreisberg NM, Hering SV, Bering MS, Glasius M, Upshur MA, Bé AG, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM, Offenberg JH, Lewandowski M, Kourtchev I, Kalberer M, de Sá S, Martin ST, Alexander ML, Palm BB, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Liu Y, McKinney KA, Artaxo P, Viegas J, Manzi A, Oliveira MB, de Souza R, Machado LAT, Longo K, Goldstein AH. Observations of sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products in central Amazonia during the wet and dry seasons. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:10433-10457. [PMID: 33354203 PMCID: PMC7751628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the Amazon forest region represent the largest source of organic carbon emissions to the atmosphere globally. These BVOC emissions dominantly consist of volatile and intermediate-volatility terpenoid compounds that undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere to form oxygenated condensable gases and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We collected quartz filter samples with 12 h time resolution and performed hourly in situ measurements with a semi-volatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) at a rural site ("T3") located to the west of the urban center of Manaus, Brazil as part of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign to measure intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile BVOCs and their oxidation products during the wet and dry seasons. We speciated and quantified 30 sesquiterpenes and 4 diterpenes with mean concentrations in the range 0.01-6.04 ngm-3 (1-670ppqv). We estimate that sesquiterpenes contribute approximately 14 and 12% to the total reactive loss of O3 via reaction with isoprene or terpenes during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This is reduced from ~ 50-70 % for within-canopy reactive O3 loss attributed to the ozonolysis of highly reactive sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-caryophyllene) that are reacted away before reaching our measurement site. We further identify a suite of their oxidation products in the gas and particle phases and explore their role in biogenic SOA formation in the central Amazon region. Synthesized authentic standards were also used to quantify gas- and particle-phase oxidation products derived from β-caryophyllene. Using tracer-based scaling methods for these products, we roughly estimate that sesquiterpene oxidation contributes at least 0.4-5 % (median 1 %) of total submicron OA mass. However, this is likely a low-end estimate, as evidence for additional unaccounted sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products clearly exists. By comparing our field data to laboratory-based sesquiterpene oxidation experiments we confirm that more than 40 additional observed compounds produced through sesquiterpene oxidation are present in Amazonian SOA, warranting further efforts towards more complete quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
- now at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wernis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- now at: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied
Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA, USA
| | - Ventura Rivera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Mads S. Bering
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C,
Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C,
Denmark
| | - Mary Alice Upshur
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ariana Gray Bé
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John H. Offenberg
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods and
Measurements Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods and
Measurements Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Suzane de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Scot T. Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M. Lizabeth Alexander
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Brett B. Palm
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Dept. of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309,
USA
| | - Yingjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- now at: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Karena A. McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- now at: Department of Chemistry, Colby College,
Waterville, Maine 04901, USA
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of São
Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, AM,
Brazil
| | - Antonio Manzi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, AM,
Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz A. T. Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espiacais, São
José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Longo
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espiacais, Cachoeira
Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and
Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang H, Jang M. Dynamic Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol under Ambient Sunlight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7496-7504. [PMID: 29772167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric process dynamically changes the chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA), thereby complicating the interpretation of its health effects. In this study, the dynamic evolution of the oxidative potential of various OA was studied, including wood combustion particles and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from different hydrocarbons (i.e., gasoline, toluene, isoprene, and α-pinene). The oxidative potential of OA at different aging stages was subsequently measured by the dithiothreitol consumption (DTTm, mass normalized). We hypothesized that DTT consumptions by OA were modulated by catalytic particulate oxidizers (e.g., quinones), noncatalytic particulate oxidizers (e.g., organic hydroperoxides and peroxyacyl nitrates) and electron-deficient alkenes. The results of this study showed that the oxidative potential of OA decreased after an extended period of aging due to the decomposition of particulate oxidizers and electron-deficient alkenes. Quinones (GC-MS data) partially attributed to the DTTm of fresh wood smoke particles but rapidly dropped with aging. In biogenic SOA, organic hydroperoxides (4-nitrophenyl boronic acid assay) exclusively accounted for DTTm and decreased with aging. The DTTm of aromatic SOA, mainly comprising organic hydroperoxides and electron-deficient alkenes (FTIR data), was shortly elevated during the early atmospheric process; however, it showed a noticeable decrease (32-75%) for a long period of aging. We concluded that fresh or moderately aged OA are more reactive to a sulfhydryl group than highly aged OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Myoseon Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Claflin MS, Ziemann PJ. Identification and Quantitation of Aerosol Products of the Reaction of β-Pinene with NO 3 Radicals and Implications for Gas- and Particle-Phase Reaction Mechanisms. J Phys Chem A 2018. [PMID: 29528647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substantial amounts of gas- and particle-phase organic nitrates have been reported in field studies of atmospheric chemistry conducted around the world, and it has been proposed that a significant fraction of these may be formed from the nighttime reaction of monoterpenes with NO3 radicals. In the study presented here, β-pinene (a major global monoterpene emission) was reacted with NO3 radicals in an environmental chamber and the molecular and functional group composition of the resulting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was determined using a variety of methods. Eight products, which comprised ∼95% of the SOA mass, were identified and quantified. More than 90% (by mass) of these consisted of acetal heterodimers and heterotrimers that were apparently formed through acid-catalyzed reactions in phase-separated particles. The molar yield of the major oligomer was 16.7%, and the yields of the other six and the single monomer ranged from 1.1% to 2.9%, for a total yield of 30.7%. From these analyses it was determined that the yields of the two major monomer building blocks were 25.9% and 23.6%, and that those of the other four ranged from 2.0% to 4.8%, for a total monomer yield of 62.4%. The measured SOA mass yield was 88.9% and the O/C, N/C, and H/C ratios, molecular weight, and density of the SOA calculated from the results of functional group analysis of the bulk SOA were 0.40, 0.11, 1.79, 217 g mol-1, and 1.21 g cm-3, respectively, similar to values estimated from results of molecular analysis. The results demonstrate the combined importance of RO2• + RO2• reactions, alkoxy radical decomposition and isomerization, and acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions in the NO3 radical-initiated oxidation of β-pinene and subsequent formation of SOA and should be useful for understanding reactions of other monoterpenes and for developing models for the laboratory and atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Claflin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma J, Chu B, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang H, He H. NO x promotion of SO 2 conversion to sulfate: An important mechanism for the occurrence of heavy haze during winter in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:662-669. [PMID: 29121601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, concentrations of NOx, SO2, O3 and fine particles (PM2.5) were measured at three monitoring stations in Beijing during 2015. For extreme haze episodes during 25 Nov. - 3 Dec. 2015, observation data confirmed that high concentrations of NOx promoted the conversion of SO2 to sulfate. Annual data confirmed that this is an important mechanism for the occurrence of heavy haze during winter in Beijing. Furthermore, in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor were carried out at Shengtaizhongxin (STZX) station during both clean and polluted days. The concentrations of SO42-, NH4+, NO3- and organic aerosol were positively related to the concentration of added NO2. These results provide definitive evidence that NO2 can promote the conversion of SO2 to sulfate. At the same time, we found that NO2 can promote the formation of NH4+ and organic compounds in the aerosols. Our results illustrate that strengthened controls of nitrogen oxides is a key step in reducing the fine particles level in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El-Sayed MMH, Ortiz-Montalvo DL, Hennigan CJ. The effects of isoprene and NO x on secondary organic aerosols formed through reversible and irreversible uptake to aerosol water. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:10.5194/acp-18-1171-2018. [PMID: 38915375 PMCID: PMC11194798 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-1171-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene oxidation produces water-soluble organic gases capable of partitioning to aerosol liquid water. The formation of secondary organic aerosols through such aqueous pathways (aqSOA) can take place either reversibly or irreversibly; however, the split between these fractions in the atmosphere is highly uncertain. The aim of this study was to characterize the reversibility of aqSOA formed from isoprene at a location in the eastern United States under substantial influence from both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. The reversible and irreversible uptake of water-soluble organic gases to aerosol water was characterized in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, using measurements of particulate water-soluble organic carbon (WSOCp) in alternating dry and ambient configurations. WSOCp evaporation with drying was observed systematically throughout the late spring and summer, indicating reversible aqSOA formation during these times. We show through time lag analyses that WSOCp concentrations, including the WSOCp that evaporates with drying, peak 6 to 11h after isoprene concentrations, with maxima at a time lag of 9h. The absolute reversible aqSOA concentrations, as well as the relative amount of reversible aqSOA, increased with decreasing NO x /isoprene ratios, suggesting that isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) or other low-NO x oxidation products may be responsible for these effects. The observed relationships with NO x and isoprene suggest that this process occurs widely in the atmosphere, and is likely more important in other locations characterized by higher isoprene and/or lower NO x levels. This work underscores the importance of accounting for both reversible and irreversible uptake of isoprene oxidation products to aqueous particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. H. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Hennigan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu J, Russell LM, Ruggeri G, Takahama S, Claflin MS, Ziemann PJ, Pye HOT, Murphy BN, Xu L, Ng NL, McKinney KA, Budisulistiorini SH, Bertram TH, Nenes A, Surratt JD. Regional Similarities and NO x-related Increases in Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol in Summertime Southeastern U.S. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:10620-10636. [PMID: 30997298 PMCID: PMC6463306 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurements of submicron mass were collected at Look Rock (LRK), Tennessee, and Centreville (CTR), Alabama. Carbon monoxide and submicron sulfate and organic mass concentrations were 15-60% higher at CTR than at LRK but their time series had moderate correlations (r~0.5). However, NOx had no correlation (r=0.08) between the two sites with nighttime-to-early-morning peaks 3~10 times higher at CTR than at LRK. Organic mass (OM) sources identified by FTIR Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) had three very similar factors at both sites: Fossil Fuel Combustion (FFC) related organic aerosols, Mixed Organic Aerosols (MOA), and Biogenic Organic Aerosols (BOA). The BOA spectrum from FTIR is similar (cosine similarity > 0.6) to that of lab-generated particle mass from the photochemical oxidation of both isoprene and monoterpenes under high NOx conditions from chamber experiments. The BOA mass fraction was highest during the night at CTR but in the afternoon at LRK. AMS PMF resulted in two similar pairs of factors at both sites and a third nighttime NOx-related factor (33% of OM) at CTR but a daytime nitrate-related factor (28% of OM) at LRK. NOx was correlated with BOA and LO-OOA for NOx concentrations higher than 1 ppb at both sites, producing 0.5 ± 0.1 μg m-3 for CTR-LO-OOA and 1.0 ± 0.3 μg m-3 for CTR-BOA above 1 ppb additional biogenic OM for each 1 ppb increase of NOx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lynn M. Russell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Giulia Ruggeri
- ENAC/IIE Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Takahama
- ENAC/IIE Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan S. Claflin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul J. Ziemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Murphy
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nga L. Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karena A. McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - Timothy. H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Giorio C, Monod A, Brégonzio-Rozier L, DeWitt HL, Cazaunau M, Temime-Roussel B, Gratien A, Michoud V, Pangui E, Ravier S, Zielinski AT, Tapparo A, Vermeylen R, Claeys M, Voisin D, Kalberer M, Doussin JF. Cloud Processing of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Isoprene and Methacrolein Photooxidation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7641-7654. [PMID: 28902512 PMCID: PMC5642272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol-cloud interaction contributes to the largest uncertainties in the estimation and interpretation of the Earth's changing energy budget. The present study explores experimentally the impacts of water condensation-evaporation events, mimicking processes occurring in atmospheric clouds, on the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the photooxidation of methacrolein. A range of on- and off-line mass spectrometry techniques were used to obtain a detailed chemical characterization of SOA formed in control experiments in dry conditions, in triphasic experiments simulating gas-particle-cloud droplet interactions (starting from dry conditions and from 60% relative humidity (RH)), and in bulk aqueous-phase experiments. We observed that cloud events trigger fast SOA formation accompanied by evaporative losses. These evaporative losses decreased SOA concentration in the simulation chamber by 25-32% upon RH increase, while aqueous SOA was found to be metastable and slowly evaporated after cloud dissipation. In the simulation chamber, SOA composition measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, did not change during cloud events compared with high RH conditions (RH > 80%). In all experiments, off-line mass spectrometry techniques emphasize the critical role of 2-methylglyceric acid as a major product of isoprene chemistry, as an important contributor to the total SOA mass (15-20%) and as a key building block of oligomers found in the particulate phase. Interestingly, the comparison between the series of oligomers obtained from experiments performed under different conditions show a markedly different reactivity. In particular, long reaction times at high RH seem to create the conditions for aqueous-phase processing to occur in a more efficient manner than during two relatively short cloud events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Monod
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - Lola Brégonzio-Rozier
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | | | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | | | - Aline Gratien
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Michoud
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Reinhilde Vermeylen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magda Claeys
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier Voisin
- Universités
Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR5183,
Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, 38402 Saint Martin
d’Hères, France
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, CNRS, Université Paris-Est-Créteil
et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sakamoto Y, Yajima R, Inomata S, Hirokawa J. Water vapour effects on secondary organic aerosol formation in isoprene ozonolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3165-3175. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A portion of stabilized Criegee intermediates formed in isoprene ozonolysis can be involved in SOA formation even under humid conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies
| | - Ryoji Yajima
- Graduate School of Environmental Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Inomata
- Center for Global Environmental Research
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Jun Hirokawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu J, D'Ambro EL, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Zaveri RA, Rivera-Rios JC, Keutsch FN, Iyer S, Kurten T, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Shilling JE, Thornton JA. Efficient Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from a Non-IEPOX Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9872-80. [PMID: 27548285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With a large global emission rate and high reactivity, isoprene has a profound effect upon atmospheric chemistry and composition. The atmospheric pathways by which isoprene converts to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and how anthropogenic pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur affect this process are subjects of intense research because particles affect Earth's climate and local air quality. In the absence of both nitrogen oxides and reactive aqueous seed particles, we measure SOA mass yields from isoprene photochemical oxidation of up to 15%, which are factors of 2 or more higher than those typically used in coupled chemistry climate models. SOA yield is initially constant with the addition of increasing amounts of nitric oxide (NO) but then sharply decreases for input concentrations above 50 ppbv. Online measurements of aerosol molecular composition show that the fate of second-generation RO2 radicals is key to understanding the efficient SOA formation and the NOx-dependent yields described here and in the literature. These insights allow for improved quantitative estimates of SOA formation in the preindustrial atmosphere and in biogenic-rich regions with limited anthropogenic impacts and suggest that a more-complex representation of NOx-dependent SOA yields may be important in models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiumeng Liu
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | | | | | - Rahul A Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jean C Rivera-Rios
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Frank N Keutsch
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John E Shilling
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marais EA, Jacob DJ, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Hu W, Krechmer J, Zhu L, Kim PS, Miller CC, Fisher JA, Travis K, Yu K, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Arkinson HL, Pye HOT, Froyd KD, Liao J, McNeill VF. Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the Southeast United States and co-benefit of SO 2 emission controls. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; 16:1603-1618. [PMID: 32742280 PMCID: PMC7394309 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-1603-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for isoprene SOA formation coupled to a detailed gas-phase isoprene oxidation scheme. The mechanism is based on aerosol reactive uptake coefficients (γ) for water-soluble isoprene oxidation products, including sensitivity to aerosol acidity and nucleophile concentrations. We apply this mechanism to simulation of aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations over the Southeast US in summer 2013 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) over the Southeast US are such that the peroxy radicals produced from isoprene oxidation (ISOPO2) react significantly with both NO (high-NOx pathway) and HO2 (low-NOx pathway), leading to different suites of isoprene SOA precursors. We find a mean SOA mass yield of 3.3 % from isoprene oxidation, consistent with the observed relationship of total fine organic aerosol (OA) and formaldehyde (a product of isoprene oxidation). Isoprene SOA production is mainly contributed by two immediate gas-phase precursors, isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX, 58% of isoprene SOA) from the low-NOx pathway and glyoxal (28%) from both low- and high-NOx pathways. This speciation is consistent with observations of IEPOX SOA from SOAS and SEAC4RS. Observations show a strong relationship between IEPOX SOA and sulfate aerosol that we explain as due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume. Isoprene SOA concentrations increase as NOx emissions decrease (favoring the low-NOx pathway for isoprene oxidation), but decrease more strongly as SO2 emissions decrease (due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume). The US EPA projects 2013-2025 decreases in anthropogenic emissions of 34% for NOx (leading to 7% increase in isoprene SOA) and 48% for SO2 (35% decrease in isoprene SOA). Reducing SO2 emissions decreases sulfate and isoprene SOA by a similar magnitude, representing a factor of 2 co-benefit for PM2.5 from SO2 emission controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Marais
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D J Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - W Hu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Krechmer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L Zhu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P S Kim
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C C Miller
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A Fisher
- School of Chemistry and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Travis
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Yu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - G M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H L Arkinson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H O T Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K D Froyd
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - V F McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marais EA, Jacob DJ, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Hu W, Krechmer J, Zhu L, Kim PS, Miller CC, Fisher JA, Travis K, Yu K, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Arkinson HL, Pye HOT, Froyd KD, Liao J, McNeill VF. Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the Southeast United States and co-benefit of SO 2 emission controls. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016. [PMID: 32742280 DOI: 10.5194/acp16-1603-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for isoprene SOA formation coupled to a detailed gas-phase isoprene oxidation scheme. The mechanism is based on aerosol reactive uptake coefficients (γ) for water-soluble isoprene oxidation products, including sensitivity to aerosol acidity and nucleophile concentrations. We apply this mechanism to simulation of aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations over the Southeast US in summer 2013 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) over the Southeast US are such that the peroxy radicals produced from isoprene oxidation (ISOPO2) react significantly with both NO (high-NOx pathway) and HO2 (low-NOx pathway), leading to different suites of isoprene SOA precursors. We find a mean SOA mass yield of 3.3 % from isoprene oxidation, consistent with the observed relationship of total fine organic aerosol (OA) and formaldehyde (a product of isoprene oxidation). Isoprene SOA production is mainly contributed by two immediate gas-phase precursors, isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX, 58% of isoprene SOA) from the low-NOx pathway and glyoxal (28%) from both low- and high-NOx pathways. This speciation is consistent with observations of IEPOX SOA from SOAS and SEAC4RS. Observations show a strong relationship between IEPOX SOA and sulfate aerosol that we explain as due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume. Isoprene SOA concentrations increase as NOx emissions decrease (favoring the low-NOx pathway for isoprene oxidation), but decrease more strongly as SO2 emissions decrease (due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume). The US EPA projects 2013-2025 decreases in anthropogenic emissions of 34% for NOx (leading to 7% increase in isoprene SOA) and 48% for SO2 (35% decrease in isoprene SOA). Reducing SO2 emissions decreases sulfate and isoprene SOA by a similar magnitude, representing a factor of 2 co-benefit for PM2.5 from SO2 emission controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Marais
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D J Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - W Hu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Krechmer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L Zhu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P S Kim
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C C Miller
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A Fisher
- School of Chemistry and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Travis
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Yu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - G M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H L Arkinson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H O T Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K D Froyd
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - V F McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moise T, Flores JM, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4400-39. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Moise
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Michel Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|