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Lu ZY, Liu CY, Hu YY, Pan Y, Yuan L, Wu LT, Qi KK, Zhang Z, Zhou JC, Zhao JH, Hu Y, Yin H, Sheng GP. Unmasking Spatial Heterogeneity in Phytotoxicology Mechanisms Induced by Carbamazepine by Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Multiomics Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13986-13994. [PMID: 38992920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in plants, yet understanding their spatial distribution within plant tissues and specific toxic effects remains limited. This study investigates the spatial-specific toxic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), a prevalent PPCP, in plants. Utilizing desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI), CBZ and its transformation products were observed predominantly at the leaf edges, with 2.3-fold higher concentrations than inner regions, which was confirmed by LC-MS. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression and metabolite levels between the inner and outer leaf regions, emphasizing the spatial location's role in CBZ response. Notably, photosynthesis-related genes were markedly downregulated, and photosynthetic efficiency was reduced at leaf edges. Additionally, elevated oxidative stress at leaf edges was indicated by higher antioxidant enzyme activity, cell membrane impairment, and increased free fatty acids. Given the increased oxidative stress at the leaf margins, the study suggests using in situ Raman spectroscopy for early detection of CBZ-induced damage by monitoring reactive oxygen species levels. These findings provide crucial insights into the spatial toxicological mechanisms of CBZ in plants, forming a basis for future spatial toxicology research of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan-Yun Hu
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Tian Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ke-Ke Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing-Chen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Heng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Pan M, Lee LSH, Sham YT, Ho KCK, Zhang H. Phytoremediation of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole in Arabidopsis thaliana cells and seedlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142989. [PMID: 39098350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DLF), a widely recognized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a broad-spectrum sulfonamide antibiotic, are commonly prescribed medications that have raised concerns as significant contributors to pharmaceutical pollution in natural ecosystems despite their clinical effectiveness. This study investigates the potential phytoremediation pathways for these two drugs in plant systems by tracking and quantifying the fate of the parent compounds and their metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana using cell and seedling cultures. Results indicated significant differences in the dissipation of DLF according to the treatment and time interaction within the cell cultures. Viable plant cells showed complete dissipation of DLF from an initial concentration of 2,758 ng/mL in 96 h, whereas non-viable cells and blank solutions remained stable. The dissipation of SMX was comparable across viable, non-viable, and blanks, showing a minor decrease from 842 to 799 ng/mL over 120 hours following the treatment of viable cells. DLF metabolites including 4'-hydroxy-diclofenac, 5-hydroxy-diclofenac, acyl-glutamatyl-diclofenac, 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2-indolinone, 5-sulfooxy-diclofenac, 5-glucopyranosyloxy-diclofenac, 1-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-indolinone, and 4'-glucopyranosyloxy-diclofenac were recognized, likely formed through acylation, glutamyl conjugation, hydroxylation, dehydration, cyclization, sulfonation, and glucosidation. While for SMX, metabolites including sulfamethoxazole-glucuronide, nitroso-sulfamethoxazole, N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole, and N4-acetyl-5-OH-sulfamethoxazole were identified, potentially produced through glucuronidation, nitrosation, acetylation, and hydroxylation. Phase I metabolite concentrations of DLF and SMX peaked earlier than those of phase II metabolites. Hydroponic A. thaliana demonstrated comparable efficiencies in the phytoremediation of DLF and SMX, with concentrations varying from 1 mg/L to 10 mg/L. Detectable levels of both parent compounds and their metabolites confirmed successful absorption and metabolism within the plant system. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of phytoremediation as a sustainable approach for reducing the environmental toxicity of DLF and SMX and suggests comparable metabolic efficiency. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on phytoremediation and its application in addressing pollution from pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Louis Shing Him Lee
- Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Shing Tai Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yik Tung Sham
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenrick Chun Kiu Ho
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Shing Tai Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ma X, Cooper P, Shi H, Osprey M, Riach D, Paton GI, Xiong Q, Zhou X, Zhang Z. Temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils amended with sludge, compost, and manure in a Scotland pasture: An 8-year field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124614. [PMID: 39059699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
To optimize the effective utilization of organic waste in agricultural practices, a comprehensive assessment of associated risks and benefits is crucial. This study investigated the impact of three types of organic wastes (sludge, compost, and manure) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil in a Scottish pasture. The experimental setup comprised 16 plots with four treatments (compost, manure, sludge, and inorganic fertilizer) and four replicates. After eight years of this study, notable disparities in ΣPAH16 concentrations were observed among the different treatments, with compost-amended soil at 378 μg kg-1, sludge-amended soil at 331 μg kg-1, and manure-amended soil at 223 μg kg-1. The concentrations of ΣPAH16 in soil amended with compost and sludge exhibited a linear increase with extended sampling time. Significant changes in ΣPAH16 concentration were evident in the compost treatment plot, with an increase of 20% in the first year and 82% in the eighth year. Risk assessment suggested a low level of health risk from exposure to PAHs at the measured concentrations in the three organic wastes. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering the effects of organic waste amendments on soil PAH levels to make informed decisions in sustainable agricultural practices. It also underscores the need for ongoing research to fully understand the implications of different organic waste applications on soil health and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Patricia Cooper
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Heliang Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Mark Osprey
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - David Riach
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Graeme I Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Qiao Xiong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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Ayala Cabana L, de Santiago-Martín A, Meffe R, López-Heras I, de Bustamante I. Pharmaceutical and Trace Metal Interaction within the Water-Soil-Plant Continuum: Implications for Human and Soil Health. TOXICS 2024; 12:457. [PMID: 39058109 PMCID: PMC11281246 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Unplanned water reuse for crop irrigation may pose a global health risk due to the entry of contaminants into the food chain, undesirable effects on crop quality, and impact on soil health. In this study, we evaluate the impact derived from the co-occurrence of pharmaceuticals (Phs), trace metals (TMs), and one metalloid within the water-soil-plant continuum through bioassay experiments with Lactuca sativa L. Results indicate that the co-occurrence of Phs and TMs has synergistic or antagonistic effects, depending on target contaminants and environmental compartments. Complex formations between drugs and TMs may be responsible for enhanced sorption onto the soil of several Phs and TMs. Concerning plant uptake, the co-occurrence of Phs and TMs exerts antagonistic and synergistic effects on carbamazepine and diazepam, respectively. With the exception of Cd, drugs exert an antagonistic effect on TMs, negatively affecting their uptake and translocation. Drug contents in lettuce edible parts do not pose any threat to human health, but Cd levels exceed the maximum limits set for leafy vegetable foodstuffs. Under Ph-TM conditions, lettuce biomass decreases, and a nutrient imbalance is observed. Soil enzyme activity is stimulated under Ph-TM conditions (β-galactosidase) and Ph and Ph-TM conditions (urease and arylsulfatase), or it is not affected (phosphatase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Ayala Cabana
- IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-M.); (R.M.); (I.L.-H.); (I.d.B.)
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Santiago-Martín
- IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-M.); (R.M.); (I.L.-H.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Raffaella Meffe
- IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-M.); (R.M.); (I.L.-H.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-M.); (R.M.); (I.L.-H.); (I.d.B.)
| | - Irene de Bustamante
- IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-M.); (R.M.); (I.L.-H.); (I.d.B.)
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain
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Nováková P, Kodešová R, Fedorova G, Bořík A, Sadchenko A, Grabic R. Identifying organic micropollutants' transformation products from the soil dissipation experiment by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry approach: Can we gain more than transformation product identity? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124038. [PMID: 38670422 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment of environmental hazards originating from xenobiotics extensively used worldwide (e.g., pharmaceuticals, bisphenols, or preservatives) requires a combined study of their effects, mobility, dissipation mechanisms, and subsequent transformation product identification and evaluation. We have developed an efficient accelerated solvent extraction method for a broad range of micropollutants of variable physical-chemical properties in soils to enable more accurate hazard characterisation. Micropollutant recoveries from freeze-dried soils were 60-120%, with the exception of atorvastatin, fexofenadine, and telmisartan, which had reduced recoveries (40-66%). The observed matrix effect ranged from -26% to 17% and was corrected by the matrix matching standard for quantitative analysis. The method allows sensitive and reliable determination of a wide range of analytes in soil samples and, consequently, qualitative analysis of transformation products (TP) with variable physicochemical properties. We identified TPs of five compounds (venlafaxine, telmisartan, valsartan, atorvastatin, and sertraline) by applying suspect and non-targeted data analyses. To our knowledge, the transformation product of atorvastatin was reported for the first time. All others were found in soil or other matrices. Valsartan (formed valsartan acid) and atorvastatin (transformed probably by oxidative decarboxylation of beta, delta dihydroxy heptanoic acid chain to propionic acid) were modified to a relatively large extent. All other compounds identified were only hydroxylated (sertraline and telmisartan) or demethylated (venlafaxine). We estimated the stability and presence of the identified TPs based on the constructed time trends and the ratio between TP formation and degradation rates. We demonstrated how valuable a non-targeted approach can be for complex evaluation of the fate and effect of soil pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ- 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ- 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ- 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Sadchenko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ- 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ- 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Simpson J, Simpson BS, Gerber C. A LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 17 opioids in biosolids. Talanta 2024; 272:125775. [PMID: 38401268 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The solid product of wastewater treatment plants is commonly used as a fertiliser to increase sustainability and waste reuse. It has undergone extensive treatment to remove high nutrient loads, pathogens and heavy metals but the extensive matrix of household chemicals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals remains, untargeted by most treatment technologies. These compounds, particularly pharmaceuticals, have been detected in biosolids with there being evidence of uptake by plants. With the current opioid pandemic in North America and overprescription, a simple method is required for the extraction of opioids from a solid medium as to ascertain the concentrations the environment is exposed to. A sonication-liquid-liquid extracted method was developed where biosolids were suspended in water and extracted using ethyl acetate before analysis on LC MS/MS. Sodium and potassium chloride were compared along with acidic and alkaline conditions. The optimised method utilised NaCl at a pH of 12 and was validated for 17 opioids, achieving linearity >0.987, 86-113% matrix effect and 0.1-10 μg/kg limits of detection. Upon analysis of biosolids destined for agriculture, 14 opioids were detected across all samples in a concentration range of 1-289 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Simpson
- University of South Australia, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bradley S Simpson
- University of South Australia, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cobus Gerber
- University of South Australia, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Mininni AN, Pietrafesa A, Calabritto M, Di Biase R, Brunetti G, De Mastro F, Murgolo S, De Ceglie C, Salerno C, Dichio B. Uptake and translocation of pharmaceutically active compounds by olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) irrigated with treated municipal wastewater. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1382595. [PMID: 38756964 PMCID: PMC11096453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1382595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The use of treated municipal wastewater (TWW) represents a relevant opportunity for irrigation of agricultural crops in semi-arid regions to counter the increasing water scarcity. Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are often detected in treated wastewater, posing a risk to humans and the environment. PhACs can accumulate in soils and translocate into different plant tissues, reaching, in some cases, edible organs and entering the food chain. Methods This study evaluated the uptake and translocation processes of 10 PhACs by olive trees irrigated with TWW, investigating their accumulation in different plant organs. The experiment was conducted in southern Italy, in 2-year-old plants irrigated with three different types of water: freshwater (FW), TWW spiked with 10 PhACs at a concentration of 200 µg L-1 (1× TWW), and at a triple dose (3× TWW), from July to October 2021. The concentration of PhACs in soil and plant organs was assessed, collecting samples of root, stem, shoot, leaf, fruit, and kernel at 0 (T0), 50 (T1), and 107 (T2) days of irrigation. PhACs extraction from soil and plant organs was carried out using the QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. Results Results of uptake factors (UF) showed a different behavior between compounds according to their physicochemical properties, highlighting PhACs accumulation and translocation in different plant organs (also edible part) in 1× TWW and 3× TWW compared to FW. Two PhACs, carbamazepine and fluconazole, showed interactions with the soil-plant system, translocating also in the aerial part of the plant, with a translocation factor (TF) greater than 1, which indicates high root-to-leaf translocation. Discussion Findings highlight that only few PhACs among the selected compounds can be uptaken by woody plants and accumulated in edible parts at low concentration. No effects of PhACs exposure on plant growth have been detected. Despite the attention to be paid to the few compounds that translocate into edible organs, these results are promising for adapting wastewater irrigation in crops. Increasing knowledge about PhACs behavior in woody plants can be important for developing optimized wastewater irrigation and soil management strategies to reduce PhACs accumulation and translocation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba N. Mininni
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Angela Pietrafesa
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Maria Calabritto
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Biase
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sapia Murgolo
- Department of Bari, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Salerno
- Department of Bari, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Dichio
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
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Montemurro N, Manasfi R, Chiron S, Perez S. Evaluation of different QuEChERS-based methods for the extraction of 48 wastewater-derived organic contaminants from soil and lettuce root using high-resolution LC-QTOF with MRM HR and SWATH acquisition modes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20258-20276. [PMID: 38372911 PMCID: PMC10927905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is an important route of introducing a large number of organic contaminants into the agroecosystem. In this study, a modified QuEChERS-based approach was developed for rapid, simple, and simultaneous extraction of 48 organic wastewater-derived contaminants from soil and lettuce root. Twenty-two different (modification) scenarios of the known (or original) QuEChERS method have been tested, in order to obtain best and well-compromised recoveries for all target compounds for soil and roots. Finally, a common method was chosen for both matrices consisting of a single extraction step using EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer and the unbuffered Original QuEChERS salts. Method performance was accomplished by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry on a QToF-MS system using two different acquisition modes, the ultra-fast high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode and the innovative Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion (SWATH) mode. Performance characterization was evaluated in terms of recovery, linearity, intra-day precision, method detection limits (MDLs), method quantification limits (MQLs), and matrix effect (ME). Recoveries in MRMHR mode ranged from 63 to 111% and 54 to 104% for lettuce root and soil, respectively, for most of compounds in MRMHR mode and from 56 to 121% and 54 to 104% for lettuce root and soil, respectively, for most of compounds in SWATH. Whereas, MQLs ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 ng g-1 in MRMHR and from 0.03 to 82 ng g-1 in SWATH for lettuce root, and from 0.02 to 0.44 ng g-1 in MRMHR and 0.02 to 0.14 ng g-1 in SWATH for soil. The method was then applied to follow the target compounds in soil and lettuce root, where the system lettuce-soil was irrigated with treated wastewater under real greenhouse conditions. Five and 17 compounds were detected in lettuce root and soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rayana Manasfi
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University of Montpellier, Building 39 - CC57 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University of Montpellier, Building 39 - CC57 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Perez
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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García-Valverde M, Cortes-Corrales L, Gómez-Ramos MM, Martínez-Bueno MJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Evaluation of chemical contamination of crops produced in greenhouse by irrigation with reclaimed water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169454. [PMID: 38123101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Using reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation is increasing worldwide to compensate for water scarcity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the uptake of some of the most commonly detected organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and pesticides in regenerated water in a field study. Furthermore, it was studied their distribution and accumulation in the different parts of a crop (soil, plant and fruit). Three crops (cucumber, pepper and melon) were grown under controlled agronomic conditions in a greenhouse. In order to make an accurate evaluation of the process, "regenerated blank water" was spiked with 70 chemicals (including antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, anaesthetics, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, pesticides) at environmental concentrations (∼1 μg/L) and used for continuous crop irrigation. After crop season, the average total concentration of contaminants detected in the soil samples ranged from 132 to 232 μg/kg d.w depending of the crops type. Between 7 and 10 different contaminants were found in the harvested fruits, up to levels of 27.8 μg/kg f.w. cucumber, 12.4 μg/kg f.w. melon and 7.8 μg/kg f.w pepper. In general, cucumber fruit showed higher accumulation levels of contaminants than pepper and melon for most target analytes. The accumulation rates followed the order: root (0.2 %) < stem/leaf (1-4 %) < fruit (1-6 %) < soil (17-30 %). The experimental data obtained in this study were also used to assess the risk associated with the reuse of reclaimed water for crop irrigation as well to identify those contaminants that, due to their physicochemical properties, show higher accumulation rates and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L Cortes-Corrales
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Gómez-Ramos
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Martínez-Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
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10
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Mansilla S, Escolà M, Piña B, Portugal J, Iakovides IC, Beretsou VG, Christou A, Fatta-Kassinos D, Bayona JM, Matamoros V. Linking the use of reclaimed water to indicators of crop stress by metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. A tool to compare water irrigation quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168182. [PMID: 37907106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) or heavy metals in reclaimed water used for agricultural irrigation may affect crop morphology and physiology. Here, we analyzed lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in outdoor lysimeters and irrigated with either tap water, used as a control, or reclaimed water: CAS-reclaimed water, an effluent from a conventional activated sludge system (CAS) followed by chlorination and sand filtration, or MBR-reclaimed water, an effluent from a membrane biological reactor (MBR). Chemical analyses identified seven CECs in the reclaimed waters, but only two of them were detected in lettuce (carbamazepine and azithromycin). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that irrigation with reclaimed water increased the concentrations of several crop metabolites (5-oxoproline, leucine, isoleucine, and fumarate) and of transcripts codifying for the plant stress-related genes Heat-Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD). In both cases, MBR-water elicited the strongest response in lettuce, perhaps related to its comparatively high sodium adsorption ratio (4.5), rather than to its content in CECs or heavy metals. Our study indicates that crop metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles depend on the composition of irrigating water and that they could be used for testing the impact of water quality in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mansilla
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Escolà
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Portugal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iakovos C Iakovides
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Josep M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Kodešová R, Švecová H, Klement A, Fér M, Nikodem A, Fedorova G, Rieznyk O, Kočárek M, Sadchenko A, Chroňáková A, Grabic R. Contamination of water, soil, and plants by micropollutants from reclaimed wastewater and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167965. [PMID: 37866592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that plants can absorb various micropollutants. The behavior of micropollutants from wastewater treatment plant resources was comprehensively investigated in raised beds in which either a mixture of vegetables or maize was grown. The beds were either irrigated with treated wastewater or enriched with sewage sludge or composted sewage sludge. Over the year, samples of wastewater, water drained from the beds, soils and plants were analyzed. Of the seventy-five analyzed substances, fifty-four, thirty-three and twenty-seven were quantified in wastewater, sewage sludge, and composted sludge, respectively. Alarmingly, approximately 20 % of the compounds from wastewater were also detected in the solutions leached from the beds irrigated with wastewater (e.g., gabapentin, tramadol, sertraline, carbamazepine, its metabolites, and benzotriazoles). In addition, a gradual increase in the content of four substances (telmisartan, venlafaxine, carbamazepine, citalopram) was recorded in these beds. The compounds from both biosolids used for soil enrichment tended to remain in the soils (e.g., telmisartan, venlafaxine, sertraline, its metabolite, citalopram, and its metabolite). Only four compounds (sertraline and three benzotriazoles) leached from these beds. Uptake of some chemicals (e.g., gabapentin, tramadol, carbamazepine and its metabolite, and venlafaxine and its metabolite) and their accumulation in plant tissues was observed mainly in vegetables grown on beds irrigated with wastewater. However, daily consumption values for edible plant parts and individual compounds did not indicate a direct threat to human health. Results of this innovative study show possible risks associated with the use of these resources in agriculture. Of particular concern is the possible micropollutants percolation towards groundwater, including those for which high sorption and thus low mobility in the soil environment is expected, such as sertraline. Soil and crop contamination cannot be neglected either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandra Rieznyk
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kočárek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Sadchenko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Alica Chroňáková
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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12
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Maddalon A, Pierzchalski A, Krause JL, Bauer M, Finckh S, Brack W, Zenclussen AC, Marinovich M, Corsini E, Krauss M, Herberth G. Impact of chemical mixtures from wastewater treatment plant effluents on human immune cell activation: An effect-based analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167495. [PMID: 37804965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to many different chemicals on a daily basis, mostly as chemical mixtures, usually from food, consumer products and the environment. Wastewater treatment plant effluent contains mixtures of chemicals that have been discarded or excreted by humans and not removed by water treatment. These effluents contribute directly to water pollution, they are used in agriculture and may affect human health. The possible effect of such chemical mixtures on the immune system has not been characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extracts obtained from four European wastewater treatment plant effluents on human primary immune cell activation. METHODS Immune cells were exposed to the effluent extracts and modulation of cell activation was performed by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Messenger-RNA (mRNA) expression of genes related to immune system and hormone receptors was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS The exposure of immune cells to these extracts, containing 339 detected chemicals, significantly reduced the activation of human lymphocytes, mainly affecting T helper and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. In addition, basophil activation was also altered upon mixture exposure. Concerning mRNA expression, we observed that 12 transcripts were down-regulated by at least one extract while 11 were up-regulated. Correlation analyses between the analyzed immune parameters and the concentration of chemicals in the WWTP extracts, highlighted the most immunomodulatory chemicals. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the mixture of chemicals present in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants could be considered as immunosuppressive, due to their ability to interfere with the activation of immune cells, a process of utmost importance for the functionality of the immune system. The combined approach of immune effect-based analysis and chemical content analysis used in our study provides a useful tool for investigating the effect of environmental mixtures on the human immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jannike Lea Krause
- Schwiete Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research (DRFZ), Centre-a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Finckh
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology Research Group, Medical Faculty, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Madmon M, Zvuluni Y, Mordehay V, Hindi A, Malchi T, Drug E, Shenker M, Weissberg A, Chefetz B. Pharmacokinetics of the Recalcitrant Drug Lamotrigine: Identification and Distribution of Metabolites in Cucumber Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20228-20237. [PMID: 37935215 PMCID: PMC11137871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater is an important source of water for irrigation. As a result, irrigated crops are chronically exposed to wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals, such as the anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine. Lamotrigine is known to be taken up by plants, but its plant-derived metabolites and their distribution in different plant organs are unknown. This study aimed to detect and identify metabolites of lamotrigine in cucumber plants grown for 35 days in a hydroponic solution by using LC-MS/MS (Orbitrap) analysis. Our data showed that 96% of the lamotrigine taken up was metabolized. Sixteen metabolites possessing a lamotrigine core structure were detected. Reference standards confirmed two; five were tentatively identified, and nine molecular formulas were assigned. The data suggest that lamotrigine is metabolized via N-carbamylation, N-glucosidation, N-alkylation, N-formylation, N-oxidation, and amidine hydrolysis. The metabolites LTG-N2-oxide, M284, M312, and M370 were most likely produced in the roots and were translocated to the leaves. Metabolites M272, M312, M314, M354, M368, M370, and M418 were dominant in leaves. Only a few metabolites were detected in the fruits. With an increasing exposure time, lamotrigine leaf concentrations decreased because of continuous metabolism. Our data showed that the metabolism of lamotrigine in a plant is fast and that a majority of metabolites are concentrated in the roots and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Madmon
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yifat Zvuluni
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Mordehay
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Hindi
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Malchi
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Shenker
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute
for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department
of Soil and Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Gudda F, Odinga ES, Tang L, Waigi MG, Wang J, Abdalmegeed D, Gao Y. Tetracyclines uptake from irrigation water by vegetables: Accumulation and antimicrobial resistance risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122696. [PMID: 37804902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation may introduce antibiotic residues in the soil-plant systems. This study aimed to investigate the uptake of tetracyclines by spinach and collard greens and assess associated ecological and human health risks. Synthetic wastewater spiked with 1 ppm and 10 ppm of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was used to grow vegetables in a greenhouse pot experiment. The uptake and accumulation of the tetracyclines were low and residual concentrations in the soil were negligible. All the tetracyclines were detected at concentrations ranging from 1.68 to 51.41 μg/g (spinach) and 1.94-30.95 μg/g (collard greens). The accumulation rate was in a dose-response scenario with a bioconcentration factor of 6.34 mL/kg (spinach) and 2.64 mL/kg (collard greens). Oxytetracycline had the highest accumulation in leaves, followed by doxycycline and tetracycline, and the residual concentrations followed the same order. The highest residual concentration was in soils receiving 10 ppm oxytetracycline. Residual concentrations in the soil were lower than accumulated levels and exerted negligible ecological risks. Tetracyclines accumulation in spinach significantly differed between the vegetables demonstrating a subspecies difference in uptake and accumulation. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and human health risk quotient (HQ) were below thresholds that would exert toxicity and resistance selection impacts. Although RQs and HQs are low (<0.1), this study shows that the vegetables accumulate tetracyclines from irrigation water, posing plausible human health risks to allergic individuals. Similarly, the ecological risks cannot be ignored because the synergistic and antagonistic effects of sublethal concentrations can perturb ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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15
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Yalin D, Craddock HA, Assouline S, Ben Mordechay E, Ben-Gal A, Bernstein N, Chaudhry RM, Chefetz B, Fatta-Kassinos D, Gawlik BM, Hamilton KA, Khalifa L, Kisekka I, Klapp I, Korach-Rechtman H, Kurtzman D, Levy GJ, Maffettone R, Malato S, Manaia CM, Manoli K, Moshe OF, Rimelman A, Rizzo L, Sedlak DL, Shnit-Orland M, Shtull-Trauring E, Tarchitzky J, Welch-White V, Williams C, McLain J, Cytryn E. Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100203. [PMID: 38098886 PMCID: PMC10719582 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Scarcity of freshwater for agriculture has led to increased utilization of treated wastewater (TWW), establishing it as a significant and reliable source of irrigation water. However, years of research indicate that if not managed adequately, TWW may deleteriously affect soil functioning and plant productivity, and pose a hazard to human and environmental health. This review leverages the experience of researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from Israel, the United-States, and Europe to present a holistic, multidisciplinary perspective on maximizing the benefits from municipal TWW use for irrigation. We specifically draw on the extensive knowledge gained in Israel, a world leader in agricultural TWW implementation. The first two sections of the work set the foundation for understanding current challenges involved with the use of TWW, detailing known and emerging agronomic and environmental issues (such as salinity and phytotoxicity) and public health risks (such as contaminants of emerging concern and pathogens). The work then presents solutions to address these challenges, including technological and agronomic management-based solutions as well as source control policies. The concluding section presents suggestions for the path forward, emphasizing the importance of improving links between research and policy, and better outreach to the public and agricultural practitioners. We use this platform as a call for action, to form a global harmonized data system that will centralize scientific findings on agronomic, environmental and public health effects of TWW irrigation. Insights from such global collaboration will help to mitigate risks, and facilitate more sustainable use of TWW for food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yalin
- A Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hillary A. Craddock
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shmuel Assouline
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Evyatar Ben Mordechay
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Gilat Reseach Center, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Benny Chefetz
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bernd M. Gawlik
- Ocean and Water Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Kerry A. Hamilton
- The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment and The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leron Khalifa
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Isaya Kisekka
- Department of Land Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Iftach Klapp
- Institute of Agricultural engineering, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Kurtzman
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Guy J. Levy
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Roberta Maffettone
- Ocean and Water Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Sixto Malato
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Sen´es km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Orah F. Moshe
- Department of Soil Conservation, Soil Erosion Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Andrew Rimelman
- PG Environmental. 1113 Washington Avenue, Suite 200. Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Technology (WaSTe) Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - David L. Sedlak
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Maya Shnit-Orland
- Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel
| | - Eliav Shtull-Trauring
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jorge Tarchitzky
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Clinton Williams
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Jean McLain
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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16
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Sunyer-Caldú A, Quintana G, Diaz-Cruz MS. Factors driving PPCPs uptake by crops after wastewater irrigation and human health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116923. [PMID: 37598843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, water scarcity affects more than three billion people. Nevertheless, the volume of treated wastewater discharged into the environment is estimated to exceed 100 m3 per inhabitant/year. These water resources are regularly used in agriculture worldwide to overcome water shortages. Such a practice, however, entails the uptake of waterborne pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), by crops and their further access to the food web, constituting an additional route of human exposure to PPCPs, with potential health outcomes. In this study, the occurrence of 56 PPCPs in tomatoes, lettuce, and carrot, together with soil and irrigation water, was evaluated using a QuEChERS-based methodology for extraction and LC-MS/MS for analysis. The influence of the selected cultivation conditions on the plant uptake levels of PPCPs was assessed. Two irrigation water qualities (secondary and tertiary treatment effluents), two soil compositions (sandy and clayey), two irrigation systems (dripping and sprinkling), and three crop types (lettuce, tomato, and carrot) were tested. Carrots showed the highest load of PPCPs (7787 ng/g dw), followed by tomatoes (1692 ng/g dw) and lettuces (1248 ng/g dw). The most translocated PPCPs were norfluoxetine (fluoxetine antidepressant main metabolite) (521 ng/g dw), and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (360 ng/g dw). Nine PPCPs, are reported to be accumulated in crops for the first time. Water quality was the most important factor for reducing PPCPs' plant uptake. Overall, the best conditions for reducing PPCP uptake by crops were irrigation with reclaimed water by sprinkling in soils with higher clay content. The risk assessment performed revealed that the crops' consumption posed no risk to human health. This study serves as the first comprehensive assessment of the relevance of diverse cultivation factors on PPCPs' plant uptake under field agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Gerard Quintana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Verma K, Manisha M, Shivali NU, Santrupt RM, Anirudha TP, Ramesh N, Chanakya HN, Parama VRR, Mohan Kumar MS, Rao L. Investigating the effects of irrigation with indirectly recharged groundwater using recycled water on soil and crops in semi-arid areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122516. [PMID: 37690469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of direct wastewater for irrigation poses many environmental problems such as soil quality deterioration due to the accumulation of salts, heavy metals, micro-pollutants, and health risks due to undesirable microorganisms. This hampers its agricultural reuse in arid and semi-arid regions. To address these concerns, the present study introduces a recent approach that involves using indirectly recharged groundwater (GW) with secondary treated municipal wastewater (STW) for irrigation through a Soil Aquifer Treatment-based system (SAT). This method aims to mitigate freshwater scarcity in semi-arid regions. The study assessed GW levels, physicochemical properties, and microbial diversity of GW, and soil in both impacted (receiving recycled water) and non-impacted (not receiving recycled water) areas, before recycling (2015-2018) and after recycling (2019-2022) period of the project. The results indicated a significant increase of 68-70% in GW levels of the studied boreholes in the impacted areas. Additionally, the quality of indirectly recharged GW in the impacted areas improved notably in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), along with certain cations and anions (hard water to soft water). No significant difference was observed in soil properties and microbial diversity of the impacted areas, except for EC and SAR, which were reduced by 50% and 39%, respectively, after the project commenced. The study also monitored specific microbial species, including total coliforms, Escherichia coli (as indicator organisms), Shigella, and Klebsiella in some of the harvested crops (beetroot, tomato, and spinach). However, none of the analysed crops exhibited the presence of the studied microorganisms. Overall, the study concludes that indirectly recharged GW using STW is a better sustainable and safe irrigation alternative compared to direct wastewater use or extracted hard GW from deep aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N U Shivali
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - V R R Parama
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Mohan Kumar
- Formerly @ Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Currently @ Gitam University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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18
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Gualda-Alonso E, Pichel N, Soriano-Molina P, Olivares-Ligero E, Cadena-Aponte FX, Agüera A, Sánchez Pérez JA, Casas López JL. Continuous solar photo-Fenton for wastewater reclamation in operational environment at demonstration scale. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132101. [PMID: 37487332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a continuous flow solar photo-Fenton demonstration plant has been assessed for wastewater reclamation according to the EU 2020/741 regulation. The treated water qualities achieved under two operating strategies (acidic and neutral pH) in a 100-m2 raceway pond reactor were explored in terms of liquid depth, iron source, reagent concentrations, and hydraulic residence time over three consecutive days of operation. The results obtained at acidic pH showed removal percentages of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) > 75% and water quality classes B, C and D according to EU regulation at both assessed operating conditions, with treatment capacities up to 1.92 m3 m-2 d-1. At neutral pH with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe3+-NTA), 50% of CEC removal and only water quality class D were achieved with the most oxidizing condition assessed, giving a treatment capacity of 0.80 m3 m-2 d-1. The treatment capacities obtained in this work, which have never been achieved with solar water treatments, demonstrate the potential of this technology for commercial-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gualda-Alonso
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - N Pichel
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - P Soriano-Molina
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Olivares-Ligero
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F X Cadena-Aponte
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Agüera
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J L Casas López
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Švecová H, Vojs Staňová A, Klement A, Kodešová R, Grabic R. LC-HRMS method for study of pharmaceutical uptake in plants: effect of pH under aeroponic condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96219-96230. [PMID: 37566327 PMCID: PMC10482775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Global climate changes cause water scarcity in many regions, and the sustainable use of recycled water appears crucial, especially in agriculture. However, potentially hazardous compounds such as pharmaceuticals can enter the food chain and pose severe risks. This paper aims to study the presence of selected pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) and their metabolites in crops grown in aeroponic conditions and evaluate the potential of PhAC plant uptake. A solvent extraction with an acidified mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by LC-HRMS was developed and validated for quantifying nine pharmaceuticals and their nine metabolites in three plants. We aimed for a robust method with a wide linear range because an extensive concentration range in different matrices was expected. The developed method proved rapid and reliable determination of selected pharmaceuticals in plants in the wide concentration range of 10 to 20,000 ng g-1 and limit of detection range 0.4 to 9.0 ng g-1. The developed method was used to study the uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in plant tissues from an aeroponic experiment at three different pH levels. Carbamazepine accumulated more in the leaves of spinach than in arugula. On the other hand, sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin evinced higher accumulation in roots than in leaves, comparable in both plants. The expected effect of pH on plants' uptake was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švecová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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20
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Adeel M, Zain M, Shakoor N, Azeem I, Hussain M, Ahmad MA, Chaudhary S, Zaheer U, Aziz MA, Ahmar S, Yukui R, Xu M. Estrogens in plants and emerging risks to human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:107985. [PMID: 37364304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens (SEs) accumulate in agro-food systems through wastewater treatment and dairy manure, but very little is known about their potential impact on plants and dietary risk to human health. We conducted a meta-analysis to address key questions including, how plants respond to SEs under different environmental conditions, what is the accumulation potential of SEs in distinct plant families, and associated daily dietary intake risks to humans. Based on 517 endpoints, we revealed that various crop species show a heterogeneous response to SEs types (n = 140), SEs concentrations (n = 141), and exposure medium (n = 166). A subsidy-stress response was observed in terms of SEs accumulation for plant growth. The bioaccumulation of SE in plants was shown to be greatest in sand, followed by soil, and hydroponic media. Plants exposed to SEs exhibit considerable changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics. Surprisingly, food crops such as carrot and potato were found as major source of SEs daily intake in food chain but their consequences remains largely unknown. Further field-oriented research is needed to unveil the threshold levels for SEs in soil-plant systems as it may pose a global threat to human health. The state of knowledge presented here may guide towards urgently needed future investigations in this field for reducing the risk in SEs in agro-food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sadaf Chaudhary
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Zaheer
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rui Yukui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, PR China
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21
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Ercoli L, Rossetto R, Di Giorgi S, Raffaelli A, Nuti M, Pellegrino E. Effective bioremediation of clarithromycin and diclofenac in wastewater by microbes and Arundo donax L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:77193-77209. [PMID: 37249765 PMCID: PMC10300175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals has gained large research efforts, but there is still a need to improve the performance of bioremediation systems by selecting effective organisms. In this study, we characterized the capability to remove clarithromycin (CLA) and diclofenac (DCF) by the bacterium Streptomyces rochei, and the fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor. The macrolide antibiotic CLA and the non-steroid anti-inflammatory DCF were selected because these are two of the most frequently detected drugs in water bodies. Growth and content of the PhCs and a DCF metabolite (MET) by the energy crop Arundo donax L. were also evaluated under hydroponic conditions. The removal rate (RR) by S. rochei increased from 24 to 40% at 10 and 100 µg CLA L-1, respectively, averaged over incubation times. At 144 h, the RR by P. chrysosporium was 84%, while by T. versicolor was 70 and 45% at 10 and 100 CLA µg L-1. The RR by S. rochei did not exceed 30% at 1 mg DCF L-1 and reached 60% at 10 mg DCF L-1, whereas approached 95% and 63% by P. chrysosporium and T. versicolor, respectively, at both doses. Root biomass and length of A. donax were strongly affected at 100 µg CLA L-1. CLA concentration in roots and shoots increased with the increase of the dose and translocation factor (TF) was about 1. DCF severely affected both shoot fresh weight and root length at the highest dose and concentration in roots and shoots increased with the increase of the dose. DCF concentrations were 16-19 times higher in roots than in shoots, and TF was about 0.1. MET was detected only in roots and its proportion over the parent compound decreased with the increase of the DCF dose. This study highlights the potential contribution of A. donax and the tested microbial inoculants for improving the effectiveness of bioremediation systems for CLA and DCF removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ercoli
- Crop Science Research Center (CSRC), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Liberta 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rudy Rossetto
- Crop Science Research Center (CSRC), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Liberta 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Di Giorgi
- Ministero Della Salute, Direzione Generale per l'Igiene e la Sicurezza degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Raffaelli
- Crop Science Research Center (CSRC), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Liberta 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nuti
- Crop Science Research Center (CSRC), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Liberta 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrino
- Crop Science Research Center (CSRC), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Liberta 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Chen M, Hong Y, Jin X, Guo C, Zhao X, Liu N, Lu H, Liu Y, Xu J. Ranking the risks of eighty pharmaceuticals in surface water of a megacity: A multilevel optimization strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163184. [PMID: 37001676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in freshwater posed ecological risks to aquatic ecosystem, however, most risk assessments of pharmaceuticals were conducted at screening level, which were limited by the availability of the toxicity data. In this study, risks of 80 pharmaceuticals including 35 antibiotics, 13 antiviral drugs, 13 illicit drugs, and 19 antidepressants in surface water of Beijing were assessed with a proposed multilevel environmental risk optimization strategy. Target pharmaceuticals were detected in surface water samples with the detection frequency from 1.7 % to 100 % and the total concentrations from 31.1 ng/L to 2708 ng/L. Antiviral drugs were the dominant pharmaceuticals. Preliminary screening-level risk assessment indicated that 20 pharmaceuticals posed low to high risks with risk quotient from 0.14 (chloroquine diphosphate) to 27.8 (clarithromycin). Thirteen pharmaceuticals were recognized with low to high risks by an optimized risk assessment method. Of them, the refined probabilistic risk assessment of joint probability curves coupling with a quantitative structure activity relationship-interspecies correlation estimation (QSAR-ICE) model was applied. Clarithromycin, erythromycin and ofloxacin were identified to pose low risks with maximum risk products (RP) of 1.23 %, 0.41 % and 0.35 %, respectively, while 10 pharmaceuticals posed de minimis risks. Structural equation modeling disclosed that human land use and climate conditions influenced the risks of pharmaceuticals by indirectly influencing the concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The results indicated that the multilevel strategy coupling with QSAR-ICE model was appropriate and effective for screening priority pollutants, and the strategy can be used to prioritize pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haijian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Sun H, Zhang W. Uptake and Enantiomeric Selectivity of β-Blockers in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum M.) in Soil-Pot Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8816-8824. [PMID: 37276344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and translocation of β-blockers in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) were investigated by carrying out a 70-day soil-pot cultivation. The root uptake parameters of β-blockers in lettuce decreased in the order of atenolol (ATE) > sotalol (SOT) > propranolol (PRO) with root bioconcentration factors (BCFsroot/soil) of 0.158, 0.136, and 0.096, respectively, which were positively correlated with their water solubility. The BCFroot/soil of β-blockers in tomato was higher than those in lettuce. ATE and PRO were prone to migrate to the aerial parts of tomato with translocation factors of 3.31 and 4.11, respectively. In tomato fruits, the enantiomeric profile of PRO and ATE shifted to that dominated by the more toxic enantiomer, i.e., (S)-PRO and (R)-ATE. The enantiomeric selectivity of β-blockers in the edible parts of lettuce and tomato indicated the potential ecotoxicity of these pharmaceuticals for plants and the human exposure risk via vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Restoration, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Restoration, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
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Zhao Q, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Determination of the fate of antibiotic resistance genes and the response mechanism of plants during enhanced antibiotic degradation in a bioelectrochemical-constructed wetland system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131207. [PMID: 36931217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAP) has a high concentration and detection frequency in aquatic environments due to its insufficient degradation in traditional biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, bioelectrochemical assistant-constructed wetland systems (BES-CWs) were developed as advanced processes for efficient CAP removal, in which the degradation and transfer of CAP and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were evaluated. The CAP removal efficiency could reach as high as 90.2%, while the removed CAP can be partially adsorbed and bioaccumulated in plants, significantly affecting plant growth. The vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer increased the abundance of ARGs under high voltage and CAP concentrations. Microbial community analysis showed that CAP pressure and electrical stimulation selected the functional bacteria to increase CAP removal and antibiotic resistance. CAP degradation species carrying ARGs could increase their opposition to the biotoxicity of CAP and maintain system performance. In addition, ARGs are transferred into the plant and upward, which can potentially enter the food chain. This study provides an essential reference for enhancing antibiotic degradation and offers fundamental support for the underlying mechanism and ARG proliferation during antibiotic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
| | - Yunkun Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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Chen P, Yu K, He Y. The dynamics and transmission of antibiotic resistance associated with plant microbiomes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107986. [PMID: 37257204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been widely found and studied in soil and water environments. However, the propagation of ARGs in plant microbiomes has attracted insufficient attention. Plant microbiomes, especially the rhizosphere microorganisms, are closely connected with water, soil, and air, which allows ARGs to spread widely in ecosystems and pose a threat to human health after entering the human body with bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand and explore the dynamics and the transmission of ARGs in rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes of plants. In this review, the transmission and influencing factors of ARGs in the microorganisms associated with plants, especially the influence of root exudates on plant microbiomes, are analyzed. Notably, the role of intrinsic genes of plants in determining root exudates and their potential effects on ARGs are proposed and analyzed. The important role of phyllosphere microorganisms and endophytes in the transmission of ARGs and co-resistance of antibiotics and other substances are also emphasized. The proliferation and transmission of ARGs associated with plant microbiomes addressed in this review is conducive to revealing the fate of ARGs in plant microorganisms and alleviating ARG pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Verlicchi P, Grillini V, Lacasa E, Archer E, Krzeminski P, Gomes AI, Vilar VJP, Rodrigo MA, Gäbler J, Schäfer L. Selection of indicator contaminants of emerging concern when reusing reclaimed water for irrigation - A proposed methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162359. [PMID: 36822429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic and microbial contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), even though not yet regulated, are of great concern in reclaimed water reuse projects. Due to the large number of CECs and their different characteristics, it is useful to include only a limited number of them in monitoring programs. The selection of the most representative CECs is still a current and open question. This study presents a new methodology for this scope, in particular for the evaluation of the performance of a polishing treatment and the assessment of the risk for the environment and the irrigated crops. As to organic CECs, the methodology is based on four criteria (occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity) expressed in terms of surrogates (respectively, concentrations in the secondary effluent, removal achieved in conventional activated sludge systems, Log Kow and predicted-no-effect concentration). It consists of: (i) development of a dataset including the CECs found in the secondary effluent, together with the corresponding values of surrogates found in the literature or by in-field investigations; (ii) normalization step with the assignment of a score between 1 (low environmental impact) and 5 (high environmental impact) to the different criteria based on threshold values set according to the literature and experts' judgement; (iii) CEC ranking according to their final score obtained as the sum of the specific scores; and (iv) selection of the representative CECs for the different needs. Regarding microbial CECs, the selection is based on their occurrence and their highest detection frequency in the secondary effluent and in the receiving water, the antibiotic consumption patterns, and recommendations by national and international organisations. The methodology was applied within the ongoing reuse project SERPIC resulting in a list of 30 indicator CECs, including amoxicillin, bisphenol A, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, erythromycin, ibuprofen, iopromide, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, Escherichia coli, faecal coliform, 16S rRNA, sul1, and sul2.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - V Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - E Lacasa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
| | - E Archer
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - P Krzeminski
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Urban Environments and Infrastructure Section, Økernveien 94, N-0579 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A I Gomes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - V J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Gäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - L Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
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McCorquodale-Bauer K, Grosshans R, Zvomuya F, Cicek N. Critical review of phytoremediation for the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161876. [PMID: 36716878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in wastewater are a growing environmental concern. Increased prescription and consumption rates have resulted in higher antibiotic wastewater concentration. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are often ineffective at antibiotic removal. Given the environmental risk of antibiotics and associated antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), finding methods of improving antibiotic removal from wastewater is of great importance. Phytoremediation of antibiotics in wastewater, facilitated through constructed wetlands, has been explored in a growing number of studies. To assess the removal efficiency and treatment mechanisms of plants and microorganisms within constructed wetlands for specific antibiotics of major antibiotic classes, the present review paper considered and evaluated data from the most recent published research on the topics of bench scale hydroponic, lab and pilot scale constructed wetland, and full scale constructed wetland antibiotic remediation. Additionally, microbial and enzymatic antibiotic degradation, antibiotic-ARG correlation, and plant effect on ARGs were considered. It is concluded from the present review that plants readily uptake sulfonamide, macrolide, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics and that constructed wetlands are an effective applied phytoremediation strategy for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater through the mechanisms of microbial biodegradation, root sorption, plant uptake, translocation, and metabolization. More research is needed to better understand the effect of plants on microbial community and ARGs. This paper serves as a synthesis of information that will help guide future research and applied use of constructed wetlands in the field antibiotic phytoremediation and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton McCorquodale-Bauer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, E2-376 Engineering and Information Technology Complex (EITC), 75A Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.
| | - Richard Grosshans
- International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), 111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada
| | - Francis Zvomuya
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, 362 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Nazim Cicek
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, E2-376 Engineering and Information Technology Complex (EITC), 75A Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
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28
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Menacherry SPM, Kodešová R, Švecová H, Klement A, Fér M, Nikodem A, Grabic R. Selective accumulation of pharmaceutical residues from 6 different soils by plants: a comparative study on onion, radish, and spinach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54160-54176. [PMID: 36869956 PMCID: PMC10119051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of six pharmaceuticals of different therapeutic uses has been thoroughly investigated and compared between onion, spinach, and radish plants grown in six soil types. While neutral molecules (e.g., carbamazepine (CAR) and some of its metabolites) were efficiently accumulated and easily translocated to the plant leaves (onion > radish > spinach), the same for ionic (both anionic and cationic) molecules seems to be minor to moderate. The maximum accumulation of CAR crosses 38,000 (onion), 42,000 (radish), and 7000 (spinach) ng g-1 (dry weight) respectively, in which the most majority of them happened within the plant leaves. Among the metabolites, the accumulation of carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (EPC - a primary CAR metabolite) was approximately 19,000 (onion), 7000 (radish), and 6000 (spinach) ng g-1 (dry weight) respectively. This trend was considerably similar even when all these pharmaceuticals applied together. The accumulation of most other molecules (e.g., citalopram, clindamycin, clindamycin sulfoxide, fexofenadine, irbesartan, and sulfamethoxazole) was restricted to plant roots, except for certain cases (e.g., clindamycin and clindamycin sulfoxide in onion leaves). Our results clearly demonstrated the potential role of this accumulation process on the entrance of pharmaceuticals/metabolites into the food chain, which eventually becomes a threat to associated living biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Paul M Menacherry
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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29
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Trapp S, Shi J, Zeng L. Generic Model for Plant Uptake of Ionizable Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:793-804. [PMID: 36785949 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been recognized as a potential path to human exposure. Most existing regressions and uptake models are limited to neutral organic compounds, but 80% of pharmaceuticals and an unknown number of personal care products ionize under environmentally relevant conditions. A widely used generic plant uptake model was expanded step-by-step with processes relevant for weak and strong acids and bases, such as ionization, membrane permeability, ion trap, phloem transport, and sorption to proteins. The differential equation system was solved analytically, and the equations were implemented in a spreadsheet version. The changes in predicted plant uptake of neutral substances, acids, and bases were found for a range of key input data (log KOW , pKa , pH, sorption to proteins). For neutral compounds, sorption to proteins and phloem transport are of relevance only for the more polar compounds (low log KOW , ≤2). Weak acids (pKa ≤6) are trapped in phloem due to pH-related effects, and in roots when pH in soil is low (pH 4-5). Cations sorb stronger and hence show less bioavailability and less translocation than anions. Sorption to proteins reduces translocation to leaves and fruits for all substances, but this is more evident for polar and ionic compounds that have negligible sorption to lipids. The new generic model considers additional processes that are of relevance for polar and ionizable substances. It might be used instead of existing standard approaches for chemical risk assessment and assessment of the environmental fate of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:793-804. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Junxuan Shi
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Landi Zeng
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Kodešová R, Fedorova G, Kodeš V, Kočárek M, Rieznyk O, Fér M, Švecová H, Klement A, Bořík A, Nikodem A, Grabic R. Assessment of potential mobility of selected micropollutants in agricultural soils of the Czech Republic using their sorption predicted from soil properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161174. [PMID: 36586677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of organic contaminants in soils and sediment is a crucial factor affecting their mobility in the vadose zone environment. The Freundlich sorption isotherms were evaluated for eleven micropollutants and eight soils. The highest Freundlich sorption coefficients, KF, were obtained for triclosan (324 ± 153 cm3/nμg1-1/ng-1) followed by sertraline (120 ± 74), venlafaxine (74.3 ± 41.2), telmisartan (33.3 ± 13.6), atorvastatin (8.66 ± 4.78), bisphenol S (8.03 ± 4.87), lamotrigine (6.92 ± 3.02), 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (3.77 ± 2.25), memantine (3.42 ± 1.64), 1-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (2.05 ± 0.99), and valsartan (0.88 ± 0.89). The KF values for the individual compounds were correlated with soil properties. Multiple linear regressions were used to derive equations for predicting the KF values using the soil properties. The first set of equations contained mainly properties with the strongest correlations with the KF values, e.g., a base cation saturation for positively charged compounds or a hydrolytic acidity for negatively charged compounds. The second set of equations contained properties included in the map of agricultural soils of the Czech Republic. These equations always indicated positive correlations with oxidizable organic carbon and clay content. They also included either a negative or positive correlation with pHKCl. A positive correlation with pHKCl was obtained for venlafaxine, memantine, and sertraline, which were mostly positively charged. A negative correlation with pHKCl was obtained for the remaining compounds. The second set of equations, the soil map, and the database of soil properties were used to predict the KF value distributions within the Czech agricultural soils. It resulted in similar KF distributions' patterns for valsartan, lamotrigine, atorvastatin, and telmisartan (with a positive correlation between KF and hydrolytic acidity), which considerably differed from the KF patterns for the other compounds. These maps were used to delineate areas with a leaching potential of the compounds toward groundwater that will serve as a tool for assessing a potential groundwater vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Šabatce 2050/17, CZ-14306 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kočárek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandra Rieznyk
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Jaster-Keller J, Müller MEH, El-Khatib AH, Lorenz N, Bahlmann A, Mülow-Stollin U, Bunzel M, Scheibenzuber S, Rychlik M, von der Waydbrink G, Weigel S. Root uptake and metabolization of Alternaria toxins by winter wheat plants using a hydroponic system. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:109-126. [PMID: 36929507 PMCID: PMC10181980 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous in the environment. Their mycotoxins can leach out of contaminated plants or crop debris into the soil entering the plant via the roots. We aim to evaluate the importance of this entry pathway and its contribution to the overall content of Alternaria toxins (ATs) in wheat plants to better understand the soil-plant-phytopathogen system. A hydroponic cultivation system was established and wheat plants were cultivated for up to two weeks under optimal climate conditions. One half of the plants was treated with a nutrient solution spiked with alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), whereas the other half of the plants was cultivated without mycotoxins. Plants were harvested after 1 and 2 weeks and analyzed using a QuEChERS-based extraction and an in-house validated LC-MS/MS method for quantification of the ATs in roots, crowns, and leaves separately. ATs were taken up by the roots and transported throughout the plant up to the leaves after 1 as well as 2 weeks of cultivation with the roots showing the highest ATs levels followed by the crowns and the leaves. In addition, numerous AOH and AME conjugates like glucosides, malonyl glucosides, sulfates, and di/trihexosides were detected in different plant compartments and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first study demonstrating the uptake of ATs in vivo using a hydroponic system and whole wheat plants examining both the distribution of ATs within the plant compartments and the modification of ATs by the wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaster-Keller
- Department for Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max‑Dohrn‑Str. 8‑10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina E H Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed H El-Khatib
- Department for Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max‑Dohrn‑Str. 8‑10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nicole Lorenz
- Department for Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max‑Dohrn‑Str. 8‑10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnold Bahlmann
- Department for Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max‑Dohrn‑Str. 8‑10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mülow-Stollin
- Department for Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max‑Dohrn‑Str. 8‑10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Current address: German Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), South Campus, Adenauerring 20 A, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sophie Scheibenzuber
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Department of Life Science Engineering, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Department of Life Science Engineering, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Grit von der Waydbrink
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weigel
- Department for Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max‑Dohrn‑Str. 8‑10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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De Mastro F, Brunetti G, De Mastro G, Ruta C, Stea D, Murgolo S, De Ceglie C, Mascolo G, Sannino F, Cocozza C, Traversa A. Uptake of different pharmaceuticals in soil and mycorrhizal artichokes from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33349-33362. [PMID: 36474042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The irrigation with treated wastewater is among the main anthropogenic sources for the release of pharmaceuticals (PhACs) into the soils and their translocation into crops, with possible toxic and adverse effects on humans. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be employed for the reduction of organic soil pollutants, even if their efficiency depends on the mycorrhizal fungi, the plant colonized, and the type and concentration of the contaminant. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of PhACs from wastewaters of different qualities used for the irrigation of mycorrhizal artichoke plants, the presence in their edible parts and the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The research was carried out on artichoke plants not inoculated and inoculated with two different AMF and irrigated with treated wastewater (TW), groundwater (GW) or GW spiked with different and selected PhACs (SGW). The inocula were a crude inoculum of Septoglomus viscosum (MSE) and a commercial inoculum of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae (MSY). The results of the present study showed that carbamazepine and fluconazole were found in the artichoke only with SGW irrigation. The mycorrhizal plants showed a reduction of the pharmaceutical's uptake, and within the AMF, MSE was more effective in preventing their absorption and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Ruta
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Donato Stea
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sapia Murgolo
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina De Ceglie
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection (IRPI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola, 122/I, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Cocozza
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreina Traversa
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
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33
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Kunene PN, Mahlambi PN. Case study on antiretroviral drugs uptake from soil irrigated with contaminated water: Bio-accumulation and bio-translocation to roots, stem, leaves, and fruits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121004. [PMID: 36608725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of uptake of the commonly used antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) in South Africa (abacavir, nevirapine, and efavirenz) by vegetable plants (beetroot, spinach, and tomato) from contaminated soil culture. The study results showed that all the studied vegetables have the potential to take up abacavir, nevirapine, and efavirenz from contaminated soil, be absorbed by the root, and translocate them to the aerial part of the plants. The total percentage of ARVDs found in the individual plant was mainly attributed to abacavir which contributed 53% in beetroot and 48% in spinach, while efavirenz (42%) was the main contributor in tomato. Abacavir was found at high concentrations to a maximum of 40.21 μg/kg in the spinach root, 18.43 μg/kg in the spinach stem, and 6.77 μg/kg in the spinach soil, while efavirenz was the highest concentrations, up to 35.44 μg/kg in tomato leaves and 8.86 μg/kg in tomato fruits. Spinach roots accumulated more ARVDs than beetroot and tomato however, the concentrations were not statistically different. Hydrophobicity was the main effect on the linearity, accumulation, and translocation of ARVDs. This study advances knowledge on the fate of ARVDs in agroecosystems, particularly in plant root - ARVD interaction and the resulting potentially toxic effects on plants. These results suggest that the quality of water used for crop irrigation needs to be assessed prior to irrigation to avoid vegetable plant pollution as contaminated water results in the contaminants uptake by plants. This may lead to the transfer of pollutants to the edible crops parts of and thus be unintentionally consumed by humans. More studies need to be continuously conducted to evaluate ARVDs bioaccumulation and their mechanism of uptake by other vegetables. The use of the pot-plant system can be recommended because it closely relates to the agricultural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Kunene
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - P N Mahlambi
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Masoner JR, Kolpin DW, Cozzarelli IM, Bradley PM, Arnall BB, Forshay KJ, Gray JL, Groves JF, Hladik ML, Hubbard LE, Iwanowicz LR, Jaeschke JB, Lane RF, McCleskey RB, Polite BF, Roth DA, Pettijohn MB, Wilson MC. Contaminant Exposure and Transport from Three Potential Reuse Waters within a Single Watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1353-1365. [PMID: 36626647 PMCID: PMC9878729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for safe and sustainable water supplies necessitates a better understanding of contaminant exposures in potential reuse waters. In this study, we compared exposures and load contributions to surface water from the discharge of three reuse waters (wastewater effluent, urban stormwater, and agricultural runoff). Results document substantial and varying organic-chemical contribution to surface water from effluent discharges (e.g., disinfection byproducts [DBP], prescription pharmaceuticals, industrial/household chemicals), urban stormwater (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, nonprescription pharmaceuticals), and agricultural runoff (e.g., pesticides). Excluding DBPs, episodic storm-event organic concentrations and loads from urban stormwater were comparable to and often exceeded those of daily wastewater-effluent discharges. We also assessed if wastewater-effluent irrigation to corn resulted in measurable effects on organic-chemical concentrations in rain-induced agricultural runoff and harvested feedstock. Overall, the target-organic load of 491 g from wastewater-effluent irrigation to the study corn field during the 2019 growing season did not produce substantial dissolved organic-contaminant contributions in subsequent rain-induced runoff events. Out of the 140 detected organics in source wastewater-effluent irrigation, only imidacloprid and estrone had concentrations that resulted in observable differences between rain-induced agricultural runoff from the effluent-irrigated and nonirrigated corn fields. Analyses of pharmaceuticals and per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in at-harvest corn-plant samples detected two prescription antibiotics, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, at concentrations of 36 and 70 ng/g, respectively, in effluent-irrigated corn-plant samples; no contaminants were detected in noneffluent irrigated corn-plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Masoner
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma 73116, United States
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | | | - Paul M. Bradley
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
| | - Brian B. Arnall
- Oklahoma
State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Forshay
- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, United States
| | - James L. Gray
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Justin F. Groves
- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, United States
| | | | | | - Luke R. Iwanowicz
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, United States
| | | | - Rachael F. Lane
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | | | | | - David A. Roth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Li Y, Liu H, Xing W, Wang J, Fan H. Effects of irrigation water quality on the presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in topsoil and vegetables in greenhouses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13726-13738. [PMID: 36136194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has harmful effects on humans and the ecosystem. Reclaimed water irrigation may introduce PPCPs into the agricultural system. Here, a greenhouse experiment investigated the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on PPCP levels in the edible parts of vegetables and topsoil in the North China Plain in 2015 and 2016. Three treatment protocols were applied to each vegetable: irrigation with reclaimed water, irrigation with groundwater, and mixed irrigation with groundwater and reclaimed water (1:1, v/v). The total concentrations of 10 PPCPs in the topsoil (0-20 cm deep) and vegetables were 4.06-19.0 and 2.33-189 μg/kg, respectively. Among the target PPCPs, acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (AC-SMX) had the highest concentration in both soil and vegetables (0.23-10.8 and 1.56-116 μg/kg, respectively). The total concentration of the 10 PPCPs among cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, and cucumber were 13.1-28.1, 10.3-28.3, 2.33-4.04, and 110-189 μg/kg, respectively. The total hazard quotients for the mixture of target PPCPs across all vegetables were 0.0007 and 0.0003 for toddlers and adults, respectively. Compared with groundwater irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation did not evidently affect the vegetable yields, soil-vegetable PPCP concentrations, and BCFs. In this study, we found no potential hazard to human health when people consumed vegetables grown using reclaimed water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Weimin Xing
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
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Stando K, Czyż A, Gajda M, Felis E, Bajkacz S. Study of the Phytoextraction and Phytodegradation of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim from Water by Limnobium laevigatum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16994. [PMID: 36554877 PMCID: PMC9779370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and economical method for removing organic contaminants from water. The purpose of the present study was to use Limnobium laevigatum for the phytoremediation of water from sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRI) residues. The experiment was conducted for 14 days, in which the loss of the pharmaceuticals in water and their concentration in plant tissues was monitored. Determination of SMX and TRI was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that various factors affected the removal of the contaminants from water, and their bioaccumulation coefficients were obtained. Additionally, the transformation products of SMX and TRI were identified. The observed decrease in SMX and TRI content after 14 days was 96.0% and 75.4% in water, respectively. SMX removal mainly involved photolysis and hydrolysis processes, whereas TRI was mostly absorbed by the plant. Bioaccumulation coefficients of the freeze-dried plant were in the range of 0.043-0.147 for SMX and 2.369-2.588 for TRI. Nine and six transformation products related to SMX and TRI, respectively, were identified in water and plant tissues. The detected transformation products stemmed from metabolic transformations and photolysis of the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stando
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyż
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gajda
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Ponce-Robles L, Benelhadj L, García-García AJ, Pedrero-Salcedo F, Nortes-Tortosa PA, Albacete J, Alarcón JJ. Risk assessment for uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals by baby leaf lettuce irrigated with reclaimed water under commercial agricultural activities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116321. [PMID: 36179471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water to irrigate agricultural crops has increased in recent years as a consequence of water shortage constituting a potential risk for human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on the soil-plant system and determining the accumulation of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF), ketoprofen (KTP) and naproxen (NPX) in the edible part of lettuce under commonly used agricultural practices in commercial production. For this purpose, red oak baby lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was irrigated with reclaimed water fortified with different concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The study was carried out in two different scenarios: soil and tray. The tray experiments were conducted with substrate and took place at three different seasons of the year. Lettuce tissue sampled from these experiments were analysed 3 times during the lettuce growing cycle (first, second and third harvest). The practices of first harvest regrowth were also evaluated. For all experiments, CBZ showed the highest accumulation in lettuce leaves of the pharmaceuticals tested, showing a correlation between irrigation exposure time and pharmaceutical uptake. Unexpectedly, DCF was the compound with the highest uptake levels after regrowth practices. Results suggested that pharmaceuticals uptake could be directly associated with the irrigation method and possible accumulation in soil and substrates, while concentration of pharmaceuticals in substrates were 10 times higher. Based on the concentration values detected in lettuce leaves, the risk assessment suggests that no compounds imply any risk to human health, except CBZ for those on vegetarian diets in the tray scenario. Although commercial agricultural practices are usually not considered with regards to risk reduction, in this experiment we demonstrated that climatic conditions are a key factor in pharmaceuticals uptake and different agricultural practices (soil cropping and drip irrigation) can limit the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ponce-Robles
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
| | - L Benelhadj
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - A J García-García
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - F Pedrero-Salcedo
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - P A Nortes-Tortosa
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - J Albacete
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - J J Alarcón
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
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Shahriar A, Hanigan D, Verburg P, Pagilla K, Yang Y. Modeling the fate of ionizable pharmaceutical and personal care products (iPPCPs) in soil-plant systems: pH and speciation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120367. [PMID: 36240970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A model was developed to simulate the pH-dependent speciation and fate of ionizable pharmaceutical and personal care products (iPPCPs) in soils and their plant uptake during thedt application of reclaimed wastewater to agricultural soils. The simulation showed that pH plays an important role in regulating the plant uptake of iPPCPs, i.e., ibuprofen (IBU; with a carboxylic group), triclosan (TCS; phenolic group), and fluoxetine (FXT; amine group) as model compounds. It took 89-487 days for various iPPCPs to reach the steady-state concentrations in soil and plant tissues. The simulated steady-state concentrations of iPPCPs in plant tissues at pH 9 is 2.2-2.3, 2.5-2.6, and 1.07-1.08 times that at pH 5 for IBU, TCS, and FXT, respectively. Assuming sorption only for neutral compounds led to miscalculation of iPPCPs concentrations in plant tissues by up to one and half orders magnitude. Efflux of compounds in soil, lettuce leaf, and soybean pods was primarily contributed by their degradation in soil and dilution due to plant tissue growth. Overall, the results demonstrated the importance of considering pH and speciation of iPPCPs when simulating their fate in the soil-plant system and plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Shahriar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - David Hanigan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Paul Verburg
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Krishna Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Maddela NR, Ramakrishnan B, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Chemicals/materials of emerging concern in farmlands: sources, crop uptake and potential human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2217-2236. [PMID: 36444949 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Certain chemicals/materials that are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been widely detected in water bodies and terrestrial systems worldwide while other CECs occur at undetectable concentrations. The primary sources of CECs in farmlands are agricultural inputs, such as wastewater, biosolids, sewage sludge, and agricultural mulching films. The percent increase in cropland area during 1950-2016 was 30 and the rise in land use for food crops during 1960-2018 was 100-500%, implying that there could be a significant CEC burden in farmlands in the future. In fact, the alarming concentrations (μg kg-1) of certain CECs such as PBDEs, PAEs, and PFOS that occur in farmlands are 383, 35 400 and 483, respectively. Also, metal nanoparticles are reported even at the mg kg-1 level. Chronic root accumulation followed by translocation of CECs into plants results in their detectable concentrations in the final plant produce. Thus, there is a continuous flow of CECs from farmlands to agricultural produce, causing a serious threat to the terrestrial food chain. Consequently, CECs find their way to the human body directly through CEC-laden plant produce or indirectly via the meat of grazing animals. Thus, human health could be at the most critical risk since several CECs have been shown to cause cancers, disruption of endocrine and cognitive systems, maternal-foetal transfer, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Overall, this comprehensive review provides updated information on contamination of chemicals/materials of concern in farmlands globally, sources for their entry, uptake by crop plants, and their likely impact on the terrestrial food chain and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | | | - Alex Alberto Dueñas-Rivadeneira
- Departamento de Procesos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Av. Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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Gautam K, Seth M, Dwivedi S, Jain V, Vamadevan B, Singh D, Roy SK, Downs CA, Anbumani S. Soil degradation kinetics of oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) and toxicopathological assessment in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113689. [PMID: 35718163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A preponderance of recent evidence indicates that oxybenzone and other personal-care product chemicals threaten the biota inhabiting various ecological niches. What is understudied is the ecotoxicological impact of oxybenzone, a UV filter in sunscreens and anti-aging products, to terrestrial/soil organisms that are keystone species in these habitats. In the present study, acute exposure (14-day) to oxybenzone resulted in earthworm mortality (LC50 of 364 mg/kg) and growth rate inhibition. Environmentally relevant concentration of oxybenzone (3.64, 7.28 and 36.4 mg/kg) at exposures of 7-day, 14-day, 28-day induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity followed by perturbations in reproduction processes and changes in vital organs. Decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were statistically lower than controls (p < 0.05) on day 14 for all three concentrations, while glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was significantly elevated from controls on days 7 and 14. On day 28, SOD and CAT activities were either not significantly different from the control or were higher, demonstrating a temporal multiphasic response of anti-oxidant enzymes. GST activity on day 28 was significantly reduced compared to controls. Acetylcholinesterase levels across the three-time points exhibited a complicated behaviour, with every exposure concentration being significantly different from the control. Chronic exposure negatively influences earthworm health status with elevated biomarker values analysed using IBRv2 index. This, in turn, impacted higher levels of hierarchical organization, significantly impairing reproduction and organismal homeostasis at the histological level and manifesting as decreasing cocoon formation and successful hatching events. Thus, the overall findings demonstrate that oxybenzone is toxic to Eisenia fetida at low-level, long-term exposure. Based on the concentration verification analysis and application of the EPA PestDF tool, oxybenzone undergoes single first-order kinetics degradation in OECD soil with DT50 and DT90 as 8.7-28.9 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Monika Seth
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shreya Dwivedi
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veena Jain
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Beena Vamadevan
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somendu K Roy
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, Clifford, VA, 24522, USA
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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41
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Fakioğlu M, Kalpaklı Y. Mechanism and behavior of caffeine sorption: affecting factors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26504-26513. [PMID: 36275163 PMCID: PMC9479768 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the emerging pollutants with a diverse chemical composition. It is mixed with the hydrobiota as a result of its high consumption, and when certain dose intervals are exceeded, it re-enters the human body through indirect routes such as plants, animals, soil, water, and the food chain, causing health problems that are difficult or impossible to treat, and irreversible environmental problems. This situation raises concerns about the presence of pollutants emerging in water resources, igniting interest in water treatment processes and the development of alternative methods. Although there are several methods for removing caffeine from aqueous media, adsorption is the most popular because it is less expensive than other methods and has the highest removal efficiency. Furthermore, it has the benefit of selectively attaching the molecules in solution. In this article, studies on the caffeine adsorption process have been examined, and the caffeine adsorption efficiency of various adsorbents has been summarized by compiling information such as pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate, which are considered as optimum processing conditions. The binding mechanism was investigated, and it was clearly stated how caffeine adheres to the adsorbent surface. Among the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, the isotherm model with the best agreement with the experimental data was attempted to be determined. Many studies clearly show that the process of developing environmentally friendly and high-capacity adsorbents in sustainable processes and in harmony with the circular economy is increasing day by day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Fakioğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University 34220 Davutpaşa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yasemen Kalpaklı
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University 34220 Davutpaşa Istanbul Turkey
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Garduño-Jiménez AL, Durán-Álvarez JC, Gomes RL. Meta-analysis and machine learning to explore soil-water partitioning of common pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155675. [PMID: 35533866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The first meta-analysis and modelling from batch-sorption literature studies of the soil/water partitioning of pharmaceuticals is presented. Analysis of the experimental conditions reported in the literature demonstrated that though batch-sorption studies have value, they are limited in evaluating partitioning under environmentally-relevant conditions. Recommendations are made to utilise environmental relevant pharmaceutical concentrations, perform batch-sorption studies at temperatures other than 4, 20 and 25 °C to better reflect climate diversity, and utilise the Guideline 106 methodology as a benchmark to enable comparison between future studies (and support modelling and prediction). The meta-dataset comprised 82 data points, which were modelled using multivariate analysis; where Kd (soil/water partitioning coefficient) was the independent variable. The dependent variables fit into three categories: 1) pharmaceutical studied (including physical-chemical properties), 2) soil characteristics and 3) experimental conditions. The pharmaceutical solubility, the soil/liquid equilibration time (prior to adding the pharmaceutical), the soil organic carbon, the soil sterilisation method and the liquid phase were found to be significantly important variables for predicting Kd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan-Carlos Durán-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rachel Louise Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Ben Mordechay E, Sinai T, Berman T, Dichtiar R, Keinan-Boker L, Tarchitzky J, Maor Y, Mordehay V, Manor O, Chefetz B. Wastewater-derived organic contaminants in fresh produce: Dietary exposure and human health concerns. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118986. [PMID: 35988339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with reclaimed wastewater is a growing practice aimed at conserving freshwater sources, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Despite the apparent advantages to water management, the practice of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater exposes the agroenvironment to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). In this report, we estimated the unintentional dietary exposure of the Israeli population (2808 participants) to CECs from consumption of produce irrigated with reclaimed wastewater using detailed dietary data obtained from a National Health and Nutrition Survey (Rav Mabat adults; 2014-2016). Human health risk analyses were conducted based on acceptable daily intake (ADI) and threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approaches. The highest unintentional exposure to wastewater-borne CECs was found to occur through the consumption of leafy vegetables. All analyzed CECs exhibited hazard quotients <1 for the mean- and high-exposure scenarios, indicating no human health concerns. However, for the extreme exposure scenario, the anticonvulsant agents lamotrigine and carbamazepine, and the carbamazepine metabolite epoxide-carbamazepine exhibited the highest exposure levels of 29,100, 27,200, and 19,500 ng/person (70 kg) per day, respectively. These exposure levels exceeded the TTC of lamotrigine and the metabolite epoxide-carbamazepine, and the ADI of carbamazepine, resulting in hazard quotients of 2.8, 1.1, and 1.9, respectively. According to the extreme estimated scenario, consumption of produce irrigated with reclaimed wastewater (leafy vegetables in particular) may pose a threat to human health. Minimizing irrigation of leafy vegetables using reclaimed wastewater and/or improving the quality of the reclaimed wastewater using an advanced treatment would significantly reduce human dietary exposure to CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyatar Ben Mordechay
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Phytor Lab for Drug Development, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University Biotechnology Park (JBP), Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tali Sinai
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rita Dichtiar
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jorge Tarchitzky
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Maor
- Phytor Lab for Drug Development, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University Biotechnology Park (JBP), Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Vered Mordehay
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Ruan W, Wang J, Huang J, Tai Y, Wang R, Zhu W, Yang Y. The in vivo and vitro degradation of sulfonamides in wetland plants reducing phytotoxicity and environmental pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64972-64982. [PMID: 35482241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants can be used for in situ remediation of water-borne pharmaceutical compounds; however, such information and that of the potential risks of metabolites released into the environment are limited. This study determined the capacity of Canna indica and Acorus calamus used in the remediation of water-borne sulfonamides (SA). The tolerance, removal, accumulation, and biotransformation of various water-borne SAs were investigated in vivo by exposing plants to SA solutions (50 µg/L and 500 µg/L). After 28 days, C. indica removed more SAs (89.3-97.8%) than A. calamus (12.8-84.6%) and non-planted systems (8.0-69.3%). The SA removal results, except from the A. calamus system with 500 µg/L SA, fit the first-order kinetics model. The estimated half-lives of all SAs were 3-40 h and 2-60 h in the C. indica and A. calamus systems, respectively. In vivo biotransformation and rhizosphere degradation were the major phyto-removal mechanisms, constituting 24.9-81.1% and 0.0-37.1% of all SAs in the C. indica and A. calamus systems, respectively. SA acetyl metabolites were detected only in plant tissues supporting evidence for plant metabolic processes without risk into the environment. SA metabolism including oxidation, methylation, and conjugation via acetylation was potentially beneficial to accumulation and tolerate stress of antibiotic. Canna indica was more suitable for cleaning SA. Our findings better clarify the potential and low risks of phytoremediation in antibiotic-contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Ruan
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu West Road, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu West Road, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu West Road, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Tai
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu West Road, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weipeng Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu West Road, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu West Road, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Monetti J, Nieradzik L, Freguia S, Choi PM, O'Brien JW, Thomas KV, Ledezma P. Urea hydrolysis and long-term storage of source-separated urine for reuse as fertiliser is insufficient for the removal of anthropogenic micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118891. [PMID: 35907300 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal source-separated urine, stored and allowed to naturally hydrolyse (the bio-catalysed transformation of urea to ammonia and bicarbonate), has been used for millennia as a fertiliser in agriculture. In a context of growing water scarcity and climate uncertainty, source-separation of urine is facing a strong revival thanks to the emergence of cost-effective waterless collection systems. Concomitantly, urine source-separation can be used as a method for nutrient recovery and subsequent reuse. In its simplest form, such recovery consists of collection followed by urea hydrolysis and storage as sole treatment. Numerous guidelines, including by the World Health Organisation, consider that this is sufficient to stabilise the nutrients and inactivate any potential pathogens in the urine. However, it is still unclear whether said urine is effectively free from other compounds of concern, such as anthropogenic micropollutants with known toxicological effects. Moreover, it is also currently unknown if the metabolites produced by human consumption of these products behave in similar way during short- and long-term storage i.e. whether any changes in chemical structure mean that these could be sorbed and/or precipitated in a different way, or if they can potentially be degraded by the biomass inherently present in urine collection systems. Finally, there is currently no knowledge of whether the observed concentrations of micropollutants in stored hydrolysed urine could potentially have toxicological effects if/when applied to soils and edible crops. To fill these research gaps, 20 commonly consumed compounds were selected in this study and their concentrations in the liquid and solid phases studied in the short- and long-term (up to ≥ 2 years). During the initial process of urea hydrolysis (≤ 5 days), ethyl-glucuronide was the sole compound effectively removed (by deconjugation), while only two other compounds, erythromycin and its metabolite, saw a reduction in their concentration (likely due to biomass sorption). Subsequently, during early storage (≤ 15 days), only three additional compounds were removed: paracetamol (> 99%), acesulfame (11.5%) and carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide (40.7%). Finally, long-term storage of up to 24 months did not result in any further significant removal for any of the measured compounds, indicating that the procedure of hydrolysis + storage is not effective for the removal of anthropogenic micropollutants. The results of this investigation raise strong concerns about the direct reuse of hydrolysed/stored human source-separated urine, and evidence the need for post-processing before implementation as fertiliser into edible crops due to the inherent toxicological risk, particularly to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Monetti
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ludwika Nieradzik
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Phil M Choi
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Pablo Ledezma
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Matamoros V, Casas ME, Mansilla S, Tadić Đ, Cañameras N, Carazo N, Portugal J, Piña B, Díez S, Bayona JM. Occurrence of antibiotics in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) following organic soil fertilisation under plot-scale conditions: Crop and human health implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129044. [PMID: 35525220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the crop uptake of antibiotics (ABs) from soils treated with AB-carrying fertilisers. However, there is a lack of plot-scale studies linking their effects at the agronomic and metabolomic/transcriptomic level to their impact on human health. This paper assesses the plant uptake of 23 ABs following two productive cycles of lettuce and radish cropped with sewage sludge, pig slurry, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, or chemical fertilisation under plot-scale conditions (32 plots spanning 3-10 m2 each). AB uptake by plants depended on both the vegetable and the AB class and was higher in radish than in lettuce edible parts. Levels ranged from undetectable to up to 76 ng/g (fresh weight). Repetitive organic fertilisation resulted in an increase in the concentration of ABs in lettuce leaves, but not in radish roots. Significant metabolomic and transcriptomic changes were observed following soil fertilisation. Nevertheless, a human health risk assessment indicates that the occurrence of ABs in lettuce or radish edible parts does not pose any risk. To our knowledge, this is the first holistic plot-scale study demonstrating that the use of organic fertilisers containing ABs is safe for crop security and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain.
| | - M Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - S Mansilla
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Đ Tadić
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - N Cañameras
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - N Carazo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - J Portugal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - B Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - S Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - J M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
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47
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Xue W, Yang C, Liu M, Lin X, Wang M, Wang X. Metabolomics Approach on Non-Targeted Screening of 50 PPCPs in Lettuce and Maize. Molecules 2022; 27:4711. [PMID: 35897888 PMCID: PMC9330060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolomics approach has proved to be promising in achieving non-targeted screening for those unknown and unexpected (U&U) contaminants in foods, but data analysis is often the bottleneck of the approach. In this study, a novel metabolomics analytical method via seeking marker compounds in 50 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as U&U contaminants spiked into lettuce and maize matrices was developed, based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) output results. Three concentration groups (20, 50 and 100 ng mL-1) to simulate the control and experimental groups applied in the traditional metabolomics analysis were designed to discover marker compounds, for which multivariate and univariate analysis were adopted. In multivariate analysis, each concentration group showed obvious separation from other two groups in principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) plots, providing the possibility to discern marker compounds among groups. Parameters including S-plot, permutation test and variable importance in projection (VIP) in OPLS-DA were used for screening and identification of marker compounds, which further underwent pairwise t-test and fold change judgement for univariate analysis. The results indicate that marker compounds on behalf of 50 PPCPs were all discovered in two plant matrices, proving the excellent practicability of the metabolomics approach on non-targeted screening of various U&U PPCPs in plant-derived foods. The limits of detection (LODs) for 50 PPCPs were calculated to be 0.4~2.0 µg kg-1 and 0.3~2.1 µg kg-1 in lettuce and maize matrices, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xue
- Technical Center of Dalian Customs, Dalian 116000, China; (C.Y.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (X.W.)
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48
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Bigott Y, Gallego S, Montemurro N, Breuil MC, Pérez S, Michas A, Martin-Laurent F, Schröder P. Fate and impact of wastewater-borne micropollutants in lettuce and the root-associated bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154674. [PMID: 35318055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of water for agricultural practices becomes progressively more important due to increasing demands for a transition to a circular economy. Treated wastewater can be an alternative option of blue water used for the irrigation of crops but its risks need to be evaluated. This study assesses the uptake and metabolization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) derived from treated wastewater into lettuce as well as the impact on root-associated bacteria under a realistic and worst-case scenario. Lettuce was grown in a controlled greenhouse and irrigated with water or treated wastewater spiked with and without a mixture of fourteen different PPCPs at 10 μg/L or 100 μg/L. After harvesting the plants, the same soil was reused for a consecutive cultivation campaign to test for the accumulation of PPCPs. Twelve out of fourteen spiked PPCPs were detected in lettuce roots, and thirteen in leaves. In roots, highest concentrations were measured for sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and citalopram, while sucralose, acesulfame and carbamazepine were the highest in leaves. Higher PPCP concentrations were found in lettuce roots irrigated with spiked treated wastewater than in those irrigated with spiked water. The absolute bacterial abundance remained stable over both cultivation campaigns and was not affected by any of the treatments (type of irrigation water (water vs. wastewater) nor concentration of PPCPs). However, the irrigation of lettuce with treated wastewater had a significant effect on the microbial α-diversity indices at the end of the second cultivation campaign, and modified the structure and community composition of root-associated bacteria at the end of both campaigns. Five and fourteen bacterial families were shown to be responsible for the observed changes at the end of the first and second cultivation campaign, respectively. Relative abundance of Haliangium and the clade Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium was significantly affected in response to PCPPs exposure. Caulobacter, Cellvibrio, Hydrogenophaga and Rhizobacter were significantly affected in microcosms irrigated with wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bigott
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara Gallego
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Marie-Christine Breuil
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Antonios Michas
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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49
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Bao Q, Wang Y, Tang S, Ye F, Yu Z, Ye Q, Wang W. Uptake and accumulation of erythromycin in leafy vegetables and induced phytotoxicity and dietary risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154785. [PMID: 35346705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin (ERY), a widely used macrolide antibiotic, is omnipresent in soil and aquatic environments, which may potentially contaminate food crops but remains to be explored. Two leafy vegetables, pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.), were grown in laboratory-constructed soil or hydroponic systems to investigate the dynamic accumulation of ERY in edible plants. Results indicate 14C-ERY could be absorbed by water spinach and pakchoi in both systems. Autoradiographic imaging and concentration data of plant tissues suggested that ERY had limited translocation from roots to shoots in these two vegetables. The accumulation level of ERY was similar between the two vegetables in the soil system; but in the hydroponic system, pakchoi had a higher ERY accumulation than water spinach, with the bioconcentration factor of 2.74-25.98 and 3.65-11.67 L kg-1, respectively. The ERY intake via vegetable consumption was 0.01-2.17 ng kg-1 day-1, which was much lower than the maximum acceptable daily intake (700 ng kg-1 day-1), indicating negligible risks of consuming vegetables with roots exposed to ERY at environmentally relevant levels. In addition, ERY was found to cause growth inhibition and oxidative stress to pakchoi, even at low concentrations (7 and 22 μg L-1). This work contributes to a better understanding of plant uptake and translocation of ERY in soils and water, and has important implications for the reasonable evaluation of the implied risks of ERY to vegetables and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Shenghua Tang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyang Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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50
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Stando K, Korzeniewska E, Felis E, Harnisz M, Bajkacz S. Uptake of Pharmaceutical Pollutants and Their Metabolites from Soil Fertilized with Manure to Parsley Tissues. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144378. [PMID: 35889250 PMCID: PMC9317704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Manure is a major source of soil and plant contamination with veterinary drugs residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of 14 veterinary pharmaceuticals by parsley from soil fertilized with manure. Pharmaceutical content was determined in roots and leaves. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for targeted analysis. Screening analysis was performed to identify transformation products in the parsley tissues. A solid-liquid extraction procedure was developed combined with solid-phase extraction, providing recoveries of 61.9–97.1% for leaves and 51.7–95.6% for roots. Four analytes were detected in parsley: enrofloxacin, tylosin, sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline. Enrofloxacin was detected at the highest concentrations (13.4–26.3 ng g−1). Doxycycline accumulated mainly in the roots, tylosin in the leaves, and sulfamethoxazole was found in both tissues. 14 transformation products were identified and their distribution were determined. This study provides important data on the uptake and transformation of pharmaceuticals in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stando
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Ewa Felis
- Centre for Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.B.)
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