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Kumar R, Bhagia S, Mittal A, Wyman CE. Effect of cellulose reducing ends and primary hydroxyl groups modifications on cellulose-cellulase interactions and cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38853638 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose reducing ends are believed to play a vital role in the cellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic conversion. However, their role in insoluble cellulose accessibility and hydrolysis is not clear. Thus, in this study, reducing ends of insoluble cellulose derived from various sources were modified by applying reducing and/or oxidizing agents. The effects of cellulose reducing ends modification on cellulose reducing ends, cellulose structure, and cellulose accessibility to cellulase were evaluated along with the impact on cellulose hydrolysis with complete as well purified cellulase components. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction and sodium chlorite-acetic acid (SC/AA) oxidation were able to modify more than 90% and 60% of the reducing ends, respectively, while the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reagent applied for various cycles oxidized cellulose reducing ends to various extents. X-ray diffractograms of the treated solids showed that these treatments did not change the cellulose crystalline structure and the change in crystallinity index was insignificant. Surprisingly, it was found that the cellulose reducing ends modification, either through selective NaBH4 reduction or BCA oxidation, had a negligible impact on cellulose accessibility as well on cellulose hydrolysis rates or final conversions with complete cellulase at loadings as low as 0.5 mg protein/g cellulose. In fact, in contrast to what is traditionally believed, modifications of cellulose reducing ends by these two methods had no apparent impact on cellulose conversion with purified cellulase components and their synergy. However, SC/AA oxidation resulted in significant drop in cellulose conversion (10%-50%) with complete as well purified cellulase components. Nonetheless, further research revealed that the cause for drop in cellulose conversion for the SC/AA oxidation case was due to primary hydroxyl groups (PHGs) oxidation and not the oxidation of reducing ends. Furthermore, it was found that the PHGs modification affects cellulose accessibility and slows the cellulase uptake as well resulting in significant drop in cellulose conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samarthya Bhagia
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mittal
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Wyman
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Lu J, Liu M, Tan W, Cheng Y, Tao Y, Du J, Wang H. Biosurfactant promoted enzymatic saccharification of alkali‑pretreated reed straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128665. [PMID: 36693508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of cellulase activity and unproductive adsorption of lignin are important obstructive factors for inefficient enzymatic hydrolysis. This paper applied five different kinds of biosurfactants including rhamnolipid, sophorolipid, chitin, tea saponin, and sodium lignosulfonate in the enzymatic hydrolysis process of alkali-pretreated reed straw (RS) to enhance the saccharification efficiency. When 8 g/L sophorolipid is added, the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis is 91.68 %, which is 30.65 % higher than that without using any biosurfactant. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis can be further increased to 99.56 % when 7.5 g/L sophorolipid and 1.5 g/L tea saponin are added together. This is because the sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, and chitin can synergistically hamper the enzymatic inactivation during enzymatic hydrolysis, while tea saponin and sodium lignosulfonate can inhibit the non-productive adsorption of lignin. This work proposed a very effective method to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and reduce the dosage of the enzyme by adding biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Lu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanting Tan
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yehan Tao
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jian Du
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Haisong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Lim HJ, Kim DM. Cell-free synthesis of industrial chemicals and biofuels from carbon feedstocks. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:158-163. [PMID: 34450473 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The power of biological systems can be harnessed with higher efficiency when biosynthetic reactions are decoupled from cellular physiology. This can be achieved by cell-free synthesis, which relies on the in vitro use of cellular machinery under optimized reaction conditions. As exemplified by the recent development of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics, the cell-free synthesis of biomolecules is fast, efficient and flexible. Cell-free synthesis of industrial chemicals and biofuels is drawing considerable attention as a promising alternative to microbial fermentation processes, which currently show low conversion yields and toxicity to host cells. Here, we provide a brief overview of the history of cell-free synthesis systems and the state-of-the-art cell-free technologies used to produce diverse chemicals and biofuels. We also discuss the future directions of cell-free synthesis that can fully harness the synthetic power of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Yayo J, Kuil T, Olson DG, Lynd LR, Holwerda EK, van Maris AJA. Laboratory Evolution and Reverse Engineering of Clostridium thermocellum for Growth on Glucose and Fructose. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e03017-20. [PMID: 33608285 PMCID: PMC8091016 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03017-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The native ability of Clostridium thermocellum to efficiently solubilize cellulose makes it an interesting platform for sustainable biofuel production through consolidated bioprocessing. Together with other improvements, industrial implementation of C. thermocellum, as well as fundamental studies into its metabolism, would benefit from improved and reproducible consumption of hexose sugars. To investigate growth of C. thermocellum on glucose or fructose, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, laboratory evolution was performed in carbon-limited chemostats with increasing concentrations of glucose or fructose and decreasing cellobiose concentrations. Growth on both glucose and fructose was achieved with biomass yields of 0.09 ± 0.00 and 0.18 ± 0.00 gbiomass gsubstrate-1, respectively, compared to 0.15 ± 0.01 gbiomass gsubstrate-1 for wild type on cellobiose. Single-colony isolates had no or short lag times on the monosaccharides, while wild type showed 42 ± 4 h on glucose and >80 h on fructose. With good growth on glucose, fructose, and cellobiose, the fructose isolates were chosen for genome sequence-based reverse metabolic engineering. Deletion of a putative transcriptional regulator (Clo1313_1831), which upregulated fructokinase activity, reduced lag time on fructose to 12 h with a growth rate of 0.11 ± 0.01 h-1 and resulted in immediate growth on glucose at 0.24 ± 0.01 h-1 Additional introduction of a G-to-V mutation at position 148 in cbpA resulted in immediate growth on fructose at 0.32 ± 0.03 h-1 These insights can guide engineering of strains for fundamental studies into transport and the upper glycolysis, as well as maximizing product yields in industrial settings.IMPORTANCEC. thermocellum is an important candidate for sustainable and cost-effective production of bioethanol through consolidated bioprocessing. In addition to unsurpassed cellulose deconstruction, industrial application and fundamental studies would benefit from improvement of glucose and fructose consumption. This study demonstrated that C. thermocellum can be evolved for reproducible constitutive growth on glucose or fructose. Subsequent genome sequencing, gene editing, and physiological characterization identified two underlying mutations with a role in (regulation of) transport or metabolism of the hexose sugars. In light of these findings, such mutations have likely (and unknowingly) also occurred in previous studies with C. thermocellum using hexose-based media with possible broad regulatory consequences. By targeted modification of these genes, industrial and research strains of C. thermocellum can be engineered to (i) reduce glucose accumulation, (ii) study cellodextrin transport systems in vivo, (iii) allow experiments at >120 g liter-1 soluble substrate concentration, or (iv) reduce costs for labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Yayo
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teun Kuil
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel G Olson
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lee R Lynd
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evert K Holwerda
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonius J A van Maris
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wei T, Xu Q, Zou C, He Z, Tang Y, Gao T, Han M, Dai Z. A boronate-modified renewable nanointerface for ultrasensitive electrochemical assay of cellulase activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jiang H, Shi W, Liu Q, Wang H, Li J, Wu C, Li Y, Wei Z. Intensification of water/ethanol separation by PVA hybrid membrane with different functional ligand UiO-66-X nanochannels in pervaporation process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
We have had high expectations for using algae biodiesel for many years, but the quantities of biodiesel currently produced from algae are tiny compared to the quantities of conventional diesel oil. Furthermore, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of all factors on the market production of algal biodiesel has been made so far. This paper aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with algal biodiesel, to evaluate its production prospects for the biofuels market. The results of the analysis show that it is possible to increase the efficiency of algae biomass production further. However, because the production of this biodiesel is an energy-intensive process, the price of biodiesel is high. Opportunities for more economical production of algal biodiesel are seen in integration with other processes, such as wastewater treatment, but this does not ensure large-scale production. The impact of state policies and laws is significant in the future of algal biodiesel production. With increasingly stringent environmental requirements, electric cars are a significant threat to biodiesel production. By considering all the influencing factors, it is not expected that algal biodiesel will gain an essential place in the fuel market.
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Stoklosa RJ, Moore C, Latona RJ, Nghiem NP. Butyric Acid Generation by Clostridium tyrobutyricum from Low-Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia (LMAA) Pretreated Sweet Sorghum Bagasse. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:761-776. [PMID: 33188509 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an under-utilized feedstock for biochemical conversion to biofuels or high value chemicals. One such chemical that can be generated biochemically and applied to a wide array of industries from pharmaceuticals to the production of liquid transportation fuels is butyric acid. This work investigated cultivating the butyric acid producing strain Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 on low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreated SSB. Pretreated SSB hydrolysate was detoxified and supplemented with urea for shake flask batch fermentation to show that up to 11.4 g/L butyric acid could be produced with a selectivity of 87% compared to other organic acids. Bioreactor fermentation with pH control showed high biomass growth, but a similar output of 11.3 g/L butyric acid was achieved. However, the butyric acid productivity increased to 0.251 g/L∙hr with a butyric acid yield of 0.29 g/g sugar consumed. This butyric acid output represented an 83% theoretical yield. Further improvements in butyric acid titer and yield can be achieved by optimizing nutrient supplementation and incorporating fed-batch fermentation processing of pretreated SSB hydrolysate. Construction of ZGO:Sr NR- and ZGC@PDA NP-driven ratiometric aptasensor for CEA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stoklosa
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Carrington Moore
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.,Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Renee J Latona
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Nhuan P Nghiem
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
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9
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Forsberg CW. Market Basis for Salt-Cooled Reactors: Dispatchable Heat, Hydrogen, and Electricity with Assured Peak Power Capacity. NUCL TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1743628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Ecosystem Service Benefits and Trade-Offs—Selecting Tree Species in Denmark for Bioenergy Production. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research highlights: The study enabled us to quantitatively assess ecosystem benefits and trade-offs, to characterize species as generalists or specialists, and findings suggest that producing biomass for energy is more likely to serve multiple objectives if it is implemented in an integrated production system. Background and Objectives: Biomass is one of the main and largest sources of renewable energy. In Denmark, the production of biomass for energy is mainly based on timber harvest residues from pre-commercial thinning of forest stands. However, there is an increasing demand for bioenergy that require biomass to be grown specifically for energy purposes even though the sustainability and climate change mitigation potential of bioenergy plantations have recently been questioned in terms of food production, land use, land use change and terrestrial carbon cycles. The overall objective of the research is to better understand the opportunities and trade-offs between different woody and non-woody energy crops. Material and Methods: This study assessed the ecosystem services of seven woody species and one perennial along a management intensity continuum with a main focus on bioenergy production. Results: Results of the analysis showed that there are complex interrelations between ecosystem services and significant differences between species in providing those services. Conclusions: Species with a highest energy benefit among assessed species were poplar and grand fir, while beech and oak proved the best in providing biodiversity benefits.
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11
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Hydrolysis of mechanically pre-treated cellulose catalyzed by solid acid SO42−-TiO2 in water–ethanol solvent. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Rosales-Calderon O, Arantes V. A review on commercial-scale high-value products that can be produced alongside cellulosic ethanol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:240. [PMID: 31624502 PMCID: PMC6781352 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The demand for fossil derivate fuels and chemicals has increased, augmenting concerns on climate change, global economic stability, and sustainability on fossil resources. Therefore, the production of fuels and chemicals from alternative and renewable resources has attracted considerable and growing attention. Ethanol is a promising biofuel that can reduce the consumption of gasoline in the transportation sector and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock to produce bioethanol (cellulosic ethanol) because of its abundance and low cost. Since the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol is complex and expensive, the cellulosic ethanol price cannot compete with those of the fossil derivate fuels. A promising strategy to lower the production cost of cellulosic ethanol is developing a biorefinery which produces ethanol and other high-value chemicals from lignocellulose. The selection of such chemicals is difficult because there are hundreds of products that can be produced from lignocellulose. Multiple reviews and reports have described a small group of lignocellulose derivate compounds that have the potential to be commercialized. Some of these products are in the bench scale and require extensive research and time before they can be industrially produced. This review examines chemicals and materials with a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of at least 8, which have reached a commercial scale and could be shortly or immediately integrated into a cellulosic ethanol process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rosales-Calderon
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, SP CEP 12602-810 Brazil
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, SP CEP 12602-810 Brazil
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Debnath S, Sengupta A, Raghavachari K. Eliminating Systematic Errors in DFT via Connectivity-Based Hierarchy: Accurate Bond Dissociation Energies of Biodiesel Methyl Esters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3543-3550. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibali Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Dale BE. Feeding a sustainable chemical industry: do we have the bioproducts cart before the feedstocks horse? Faraday Discuss 2019; 202:11-30. [PMID: 28726911 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable chemical industry cannot exist at scale without both sustainable feedstocks and feedstock supply chains to provide the raw materials. However, most current research focus is on producing the sustainable chemicals and materials. Little attention is given to how and by whom sustainable feedstocks will be supplied. In effect, we have put the bioproducts cart before the sustainable feedstocks horse. For example, bulky, unstable, non-commodity feedstocks such as crop residues probably cannot supply a large-scale sustainable industry. Likewise, those who manage land to produce feedstocks must benefit significantly from feedstock production, otherwise they will not participate in this industry and it will never grow. However, given real markets that properly reward farmers, demand for sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy can drive the adoption of more sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, providing many societal "win-win" opportunities. Three case studies are presented to show how this "win-win" process might unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48910, USA.
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15
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16
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Assessment of Miscanthus Yield Potential from Strip-Mined Lands (SML) and Its Impacts on Stream Water Quality. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strip-mined land (SML) disturbed by coal mining is a non-crop land resource that can be utilized to cultivate high-yielding energy crops such as miscanthus for bioenergy applications. However, the biomass yield potential, annual availability, and environmental impacts of growing energy crops in SML are less understood. In this study, we estimated the yield potential of miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) in SML and its environmental impacts on local streams using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). After calibration and validation of the SWAT model, the results demonstrated that miscanthus yield potentials were 2.6 (0.8−5.53), 10.0 (1.3−16.0), and 16.0 (1.34−26.0) Mg ha−1 with fertilizer application rates of 0, 100, and 200 kg-N ha−1, respectively. Furthermore, cultivation of miscanthus in SML has the potential to reduce sediment (~20%) and nitrate (2.5−10.0%) loads reaching water streams, with a marginal increase in phosphorus load. The available SML in the United States could produce about 10 to 16 dry Tg of biomass per year without negatively impacting the water quality. In conclusion, SML can provide a unique opportunity to produce biomass for bioenergy applications, while improving stream water quality in a highly dense mining area (the Appalachian region) in the United States.
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17
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Brevik EC, Pereg L, Pereira P, Steffan JJ, Burgess LC, Gedeon CI. Shelter, clothing, and fuel: Often overlooked links between soils, ecosystem services, and human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:134-142. [PMID: 30227283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are clear connections between ecosystem services (ES) and human health, as well as between soils and human health. However, studies to date have not investigated links between soil ES and human health. Viewing the relationship between soils and human health through the ES lens reveals that soil ES such as the provisioning of shelter, clothing, and fuel have been overlooked in the soil and human health literature. Shelter is important to human health because it provides protection against inclement weather, temperature extremes, and other potential threats. Clothing provides a more consistent micro-environment around the skin and also provides protection from ultraviolet radiation and some parasites. Fuel allows us to warm shelters, providing refuge from cold temperatures, and cook food, which reduces disease. The materials supplied by soils in support of these functions are often done so in a more environmentally responsible way than is the case with many modern building and clothing materials or with fossil fuels. However, it is important to realize that sustainable management practices are critical in order to achieve environmentally responsible production of these products. Future studies need to investigate the links between these overlooked soil ES and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Brevik
- Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA; Department of Agriculture and Technical Studies, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA.
| | - Lily Pereg
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joshua J Steffan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA; Department of Agriculture and Technical Studies, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA
| | - Lynn C Burgess
- Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND, USA
| | - Csongor I Gedeon
- Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (ISSAC) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Kim KH, Wang Y, Takada M, Eudes A, Yoo CG, Kim CS, Saddler J. Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment of Transgenic Biomass With Increased C 6C 1 Lignin Monomers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1774. [PMID: 32082342 PMCID: PMC7000926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The complex and heterogeneous polyphenolic structure of lignin confers recalcitrance to plant cell walls and challenges biomass processing for agroindustrial applications. Recently, significant efforts have been made to alter lignin composition to overcome its inherent intractability. In this work, to overcome technical difficulties related to biomass recalcitrance, we report an integrated strategy combining biomass genetic engineering with a pretreatment using a bio-derived deep eutectic solvent (DES). In particular, we employed biomass from an Arabidopsis line that expressed a bacterial hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase (HCHL) in lignifying tissues, which results in the accumulation of unusual C6C1 lignin monomers and a slight decrease in lignin molecular weight. The transgenic biomass was pretreated with renewable DES that can be synthesized from lignin-derived phenols. Biomass from the HCHL plant line containing C6C1 monomers showed increased pretreatment efficiency and released more fermentable sugars up to 34% compared to WT biomass. The enhanced biomass saccharification of the HCHL line is likely due to a reduction of lignin recalcitrance caused by the overproduction of C6C1 aromatics that act as degree of polymerization (DP) reducers and higher chemical reactivity of lignin structures with such C6C1 aromatics. Overall, our findings demonstrate that strategic plant genetic engineering, along with renewable DES pretreatment, could enable the development of sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kwang Ho Kim,
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Masatsugu Takada
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jack Saddler
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Prinsen P, Raheem A, Luque R, Zhao M. Sustainability Analysis of Microalgae Production Systems: A Review on Resource with Unexploited High-Value Reserves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14031-14049. [PMID: 30418748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability, at present, is a prominent component in the development of production systems that aim to provide the future energy and material resources. Microalgae are a promising feedstock; however, the sustainability of algae-based production systems is still under debate. Commercial market volumes of algae-derived products are still narrow. The extraction and conversion of primary metabolites to biofuels requires cultivation at large scales; cost-effective methods are therefore highly desirable. This work presents a complete and up to date review on sustainability analysis of various microalgae production scenarios, including techno-economic, environmental, and social impacts, both in large-scale plants for bioenergy production and in medium-scale cultivars intended for the production of high added-value chemicals. The results show that further efforts in algal-based research should be directed to improving the productivity, the development of multi product scenarios, a better valorization of coproducts, the integration with current industrial facilities to provide sustainable nutrient resources from waste streams, and the integration of renewable technologies such as wind energy in algae cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Vuppaladadiyam
- School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safely , Ministry of Education , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Pepijn Prinsen
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. Nnal. IV, Km 396 , Córdoba , Spain
| | - Abdul Raheem
- School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safely , Ministry of Education , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. Nnal. IV, Km 396 , Córdoba , Spain
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safely , Ministry of Education , Beijing , 100084 , China
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Zhu JQ, Wu XL, Li WC, Qin L, Chen S, Xu T, Liu H, Zhou X, Li X, Zhong C, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Ethylenediamine pretreatment of corn stover facilitates high gravity fermentation with low enzyme loading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:227-234. [PMID: 30025318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of ethylenediamine pretreatment on reducing enzyme loading in high gravity fermentation. At optimal conditions of ethylenediamine pretreatment, 85.5% lignin was removed. Enzyme adsorption analysis using a fluorescent cellulose-binding protein showed 35.2% increase of productive adsorption of enzymes to ethylenediamine pretreated biomass, which was caused by high delignification and dramatically increased surface roughness and porosity. In SScF at 15% glucan loading, up to 82.2 g/L ethanol was achieved with a relatively low enzyme loading of 3.6 FPU/g dry matter. It suggested that the remarkably high digestibility of EDA pretreated corn stover could effectively reduce the enzyme loading in the high gravity fermentation of cellulosic ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Le Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center of Synthetic Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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Zhou L, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Feng JX, Balan V. The effect of alkali-soluble lignin on purified core cellulase and hemicellulase activities during hydrolysis of extractive ammonia-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171529. [PMID: 30110471 PMCID: PMC6030313 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Removing alkali-soluble lignin using extractive ammonia (EA) pretreatment of corn stover (CS) is known to improve biomass conversion efficiency during enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, we investigated the effect of alkali-soluble lignin on six purified core glycosyl hydrolases and their enzyme synergies, adopting 31 enzyme combinations derived by a five-component simplex centroid model, during EA-CS hydrolysis. Hydrolysis experiment was carried out using EA-CS(-) (approx. 40% lignin removed during EA pretreatment) and EA-CS(+) (where no lignin was extracted). Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were done at three different enzyme mass loadings (7.5, 15 and 30 mg protein g-1 glucan), using a previously developed high-throughput microplate-based protocol, and the sugar yields of glucose and xylose were detected. The optimal enzyme combinations (based on % protein mass loading) of six core glycosyl hydrolases for EA-CS(-) and EA-CS(+) were determined that gave high sugar conversion. The inhibition of lignin on optimal enzyme ratios was studied, by adding fixed amount of alkali-soluble lignin fractions to EA-CS(-), and pure Avicel, beechwood xylan and evaluating their sugar conversion. The optimal enzyme ratios that gave higher sugar conversion for EA-CS(-) were CBH I: 27.2-28.2%, CBH II: 18.2-22.2%, EG I: 29.2-34.3%, EX: 9.0-14.1%, βX: 7.2-10.2%, βG: 1.0-5.0% (at 7.5-30 mg g-1 protein mass loading). Endoglucanase was inhibited to a greater extent than other core cellulases and xylanases by lignin during enzyme hydrolysis. We also found that alkali-soluble lignin inhibits cellulase more strongly than hemicellulase during the course of enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Division, School of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Mokomele T, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V, van Rensburg E, Dale BE, Görgens JF. Ethanol production potential from AFEX™ and steam-exploded sugarcane residues for sugarcane biorefineries. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:127. [PMID: 29755586 PMCID: PMC5934847 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanding biofuel markets are challenged by the need to meet future biofuel demands and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, while using domestically available feedstock sustainably. In the context of the sugar industry, exploiting under-utilized cane leaf matter (CLM) in addition to surplus sugarcane bagasse as supplementary feedstock for second-generation ethanol production has the potential to improve bioenergy yields per unit land. In this study, the ethanol yields and processing bottlenecks of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX™) and steam explosion (StEx) as adopted technologies for pretreating sugarcane bagasse and CLM were experimentally measured and compared for the first time. RESULTS Ethanol yields between 249 and 256 kg Mg-1 raw dry biomass (RDM) were obtained with AFEX™-pretreated sugarcane bagasse and CLM after high solids loading enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. In contrast, StEx-pretreated sugarcane bagasse and CLM resulted in substantially lower ethanol yields that ranged between 162 and 203 kg Mg-1 RDM. The ethanol yields from StEx-treated sugarcane residues were limited by the aggregated effect of sugar degradation during pretreatment, enzyme inhibition during enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial inhibition of S. cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) during fermentation. However, relatively high enzyme dosages (> 20 mg g-1 glucan) were required irrespective of pretreatment method to reach 75% carbohydrate conversion, even when optimal combinations of Cellic® CTec3, Cellic® HTec3 and Pectinex Ultra-SP were used. Ethanol yields per hectare sugarcane cultivation area were estimated at 4496 and 3416 L ha-1 for biorefineries using AFEX™- or StEx-treated sugarcane residues, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AFEX™ proved to be a more effective pretreatment method for sugarcane residues relative to StEx due to the higher fermentable sugar recovery and enzymatic hydrolysate fermentability after high solids loading enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by S. cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST). The identification of auxiliary enzyme activities, adequate process integration and the use of robust xylose-fermenting ethanologens were identified as opportunities to further improve ethanol yields from AFEX™- and StEx-treated sugarcane residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapelo Mokomele
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Program, School of Technology, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun, Road, Houston, TX 77004 USA
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Johann F. Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Turner TL, Kim H, Kong II, Liu JJ, Zhang GC, Jin YS. Engineering and Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Produce Biofuels and Chemicals. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 162:175-215. [PMID: 27913828 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate global climate change caused partly by the use of fossil fuels, the production of fuels and chemicals from renewable biomass has been attempted. The conversion of various sugars from renewable biomass into biofuels by engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is one major direction which has grown dramatically in recent years. As well as shifting away from fossil fuels, the production of commodity chemicals by engineered S. cerevisiae has also increased significantly. The traditional approaches of biochemical and metabolic engineering to develop economic bioconversion processes in laboratory and industrial settings have been accelerated by rapid advancements in the areas of yeast genomics, synthetic biology, and systems biology. Together, these innovations have resulted in rapid and efficient manipulation of S. cerevisiae to expand fermentable substrates and diversify value-added products. Here, we discuss recent and major advances in rational (relying on prior experimentally-derived knowledge) and combinatorial (relying on high-throughput screening and genomics) approaches to engineer S. cerevisiae for producing ethanol, butanol, 2,3-butanediol, fatty acid ethyl esters, isoprenoids, organic acids, rare sugars, antioxidants, and sugar alcohols from glucose, xylose, cellobiose, galactose, acetate, alginate, mannitol, arabinose, and lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Turner
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - In Iok Kong
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Vochozka M, Maroušková A, Šuleř P. Economic, Environmental and Moral Acceptance of Renewable Energy: A Case Study-The Agricultural Biogas Plant at Pěčín. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2018; 24:299-305. [PMID: 28275935 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-9881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of renewable energy in agricultural biogas plants is being widely criticized because-among other things-most of the feedstock comes from purpose-grown crops like maize. These activities (generously subsidized in the Czech Republic) generate competitive pressure to other crops that are used for feeding or food production, worsening their affordability. Unique pretreatment technology that allows substitution of the purpose-grown crops by farming residues (such as husk or straw) was built 6 years ago on a commercial basis in Pěčín (Czech Republic) under modest funding and without publicity. The design of the concept; financial assessment and moral viewpoint were analyzed based on practical operating data. It showed that the apparatus improves economic, environmental and moral acceptance as well. However, according to the government's view, public funding for this type of processing was shortened, "because waste materials represent a lower cost". The impact of such governance was analyzed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vochozka
- School of Expertness and Valuation, The Institute of Technology and Businesses in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Maroušková
- School of Expertness and Valuation, The Institute of Technology and Businesses in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šuleř
- Faculty of Management and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26, Zilina, Slovak Republic
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Ying W, Shi Z, Yang H, Xu G, Zheng Z, Yang J. Effect of alkaline lignin modification on cellulase-lignin interactions and enzymatic saccharification yield. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:214. [PMID: 30083227 PMCID: PMC6069831 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lignin can compete for binding cellulase enzymes with cellulose fibers and decrease the accessibility of enzymes to carbohydrates. The competitive adsorption of cellulase to lignin mainly depended on the chemical structure of lignin. The post-pretreatment can decrease the lignin content and modify the lignin structure of pretreated substrates, which reduced the lignin inhibition on enzymatic saccharification. Therefore, the post-treatment by modifying the lignin structure would attract considerable attention for weakening the cellulase-lignin interactions. RESULTS Three modified lignins, including sulfonated lignin (SL), oxidized lignin (OL), and carboxylated lignin (CL), were prepared from alkali lignin (AL) and their structures and physicochemical properties were characterized using FTIR, NMR, XPS analysis, zeta potential, and contact angle, respectively. Compared to AL, three modified lignin preparations exhibited the decrease in contact angle by 61-70% and phenolic hydroxyls content by 17-80%, and an obvious increase of negative charges by about 21-45%. This was mainly due to the drop of condensation degree and the incorporation of carboxylic and sulfonic acid groups into modified lignins. Langmuir adsorption isotherms showed that the affinity strength between cellulase and modified lignins significantly reduced by 54-80%. Therefore, the 72 h hydrolysis yield of Avicel with SL, OL, and CL was 48.5, 51.3, and 49.4%, respectively, which was increased 8-15.3% than that of Avicel with AL, 44.5%. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo biomass, the glucose yield at 5 d was 38.5% for AS-P. amarus, 15.4% for AO-P. amarus and 21.4% for AC-P. amarus, respectively, which were 1.4-3.5 times of alkali pretreated P. amarus. CONCLUSIONS The post-treatment can weaken the nonproductive adsorption between lignin and cellulase proteins and improve the enzymatic saccharification efficiency. This study will provide a conceptual combination of pretreatment technologies and post-pretreatment by modifying lignin structure for reducing the cellulase-lignin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ying
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Zhengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Gaofeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Zhifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
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Thomas VA, Donohoe BS, Li M, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ, Kumar R, Nguyen TY, Cai CM, Wyman CE. Adding tetrahydrofuran to dilute acid pretreatment provides new insights into substrate changes that greatly enhance biomass deconstruction by Clostridium thermocellum and fungal enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:252. [PMID: 29213312 PMCID: PMC5707920 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) by anaerobes, such as Clostridium thermocellum, which combine enzyme production, hydrolysis, and fermentation are promising alternatives to historical economic challenges of using fungal enzymes for biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. However, limited research has integrated CBP with real pretreated biomass, and understanding how pretreatment impacts subsequent deconstruction by CBP vs. fungal enzymes can provide valuable insights into CBP and suggest other novel biomass deconstruction strategies. This study focused on determining the effect of pretreatment by dilute sulfuric acid alone (DA) and with tetrahydrofuran (THF) addition via co-solvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) on deconstruction of corn stover and Populus with much different recalcitrance by C. thermocellum vs. fungal enzymes and changes in pretreated biomass related to these differences. RESULTS Coupling CELF fractionation of corn stover and Populus with subsequent CBP by the anaerobe C. thermocellum completely solubilized polysaccharides left in the pretreated solids within only 48 h without adding enzymes. These results were better than those from the conventional DA followed by either CBP or fungal enzymes or CELF followed by fungal enzyme hydrolysis, especially at viable enzyme loadings. Enzyme adsorption on CELF-pretreated corn stover and CELF-pretreated Populus solids were virtually equal, while DA improved the enzyme accessibility for corn stover more than Populus. Confocal scanning light microscopy (CSLM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and NMR characterization of solids from both pretreatments revealed differences in cell wall structure and lignin composition, location, coalescence, and migration-enhanced digestibility of CELF-pretreated solids. CONCLUSIONS Adding THF to DA pretreatment (CELF) greatly enhanced deconstruction of corn stover and Populus by fungal enzymes and C. thermocellum CBP, and the CELF-CBP tandem was agnostic to feedstock recalcitrance. Composition measurements, material balances, cellulase adsorption, and CSLM and TEM imaging revealed adding THF enhanced the enzyme accessibility, cell wall fractures, and cellular dislocation and cell wall delamination. Overall, enhanced deconstruction of CELF solids by enzymes and particularly by C. thermocellum could be related to lignin removal and alteration, thereby pointing to these factors being key contributors to biomass recalcitrance as a barrier to low-cost biological conversion to sustainable fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Thomas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Bryon S. Donohoe
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Mi Li
- Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, Center for Renewable Carbon and Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Thanh Yen Nguyen
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Charles M. Cai
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Charles E. Wyman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
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Jung HM, Kim YH, Oh MK. Formate and Nitrate Utilization in Enterobacter aerogenes for Semi-Anaerobic Production of Isobutanol. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28731532 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic bioprocessing is preferred because of its economic advantages. However, low productivity and decreased growth of the host strain have limited the use of the anaerobic process. Anaerobic respiration can be applied to anoxic processing using formate and nitrate metabolism to improve the productivity of value-added metabolites. A isobutanol-producing strains is constructed using Enterobacter aerogenes as a host strain by metabolic engineering approaches. The byproduct pathway (ldhA, budA, and pflB) is knocked out, and heterologous keto-acid decarboxylase (kivD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhA) are expressed along with the L-valine synthesis pathway (ilvCD and budB). The pyruvate formate-lyase mutant shows decreased growth rates when cultivated in semi-anaerobic conditions, which results in a decline in productivity. When formate and nitrate are supplied in the culture medium, the growth rates and amount of isobutanol production is restored (4.4 g L-1 , 0.23 g g-1 glucose, 0.18 g L-1 h-1 ). To determine the function of the formate and nitrate coupling reaction system, the mutant strains that could not utilize formate or nitrate is contructed. Decreased growth and productivity are observed in the nitrate reductase (narG) mutant strain. This is the first report of engineering isobutanol-producing E. aerogenes to increase strain fitness via augmentation of formate and nitrate metabolism during anaerobic cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Min Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Scott F, Aroca G, Caballero JA, Conejeros R. A generalized disjunctive programming framework for the optimal synthesis and analysis of processes for ethanol production from corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:212-224. [PMID: 28411493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the techno-economic performance of process configurations for ethanol production involving solid-liquid separators and reactors in the saccharification and fermentation stage, a family of process configurations where few alternatives have been proposed. Since including these process alternatives creates a large number of possible process configurations, a framework for process synthesis and optimization is proposed. This approach is supported on kinetic models fed with experimental data and a plant-wide techno-economic model. Among 150 process configurations, 40 show an improved MESP compared to a well-documented base case (BC), almost all include solid separators and some show energy retrieved in products 32% higher compared to the BC. Moreover, 16 of them also show a lower capital investment per unit of ethanol produced per year. Several of the process configurations found in this work have not been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Scott
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Bioenercel S.A. Barrio Universitario s/n, Ideaincuba Building, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Germán Aroca
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Bioenercel S.A. Barrio Universitario s/n, Ideaincuba Building, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Antonio Caballero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, Ap Correos 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile; Bioenercel S.A. Barrio Universitario s/n, Ideaincuba Building, Concepción, Chile
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30
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Bressler A, Vidon P, Hirsch P, Volk T. Valuation of ecosystem services of commercial shrub willow (Salix spp.) woody biomass crops. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:137. [PMID: 28251452 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of shrub willow as a bioenergy feedstock contributes to renewable energy portfolios in many countries with temperate climates and marginal croplands due to excessive moisture. However, to fully understand the potential of shrub willow as an alternative crop on marginal cropland, more research is needed to understand the potential of shrub willow for providing a variety of ecosystem services. At the same time, there is much need for research developing strategies to value ecosystem services beyond conventional valuation systems (e.g., monetary, intrinsic). In this context, this project investigates the ecosystem services of shrub willow woody biomass from an environmental science perspective, and proposes a new avenue to assess ecosystem services for management purposes based on the relative value of key ecosystem services under various land management strategies (i.e., willow vs. corn vs. hay). On marginal cropland in the US Northeast, shrub willow may be used to replace crops like corn or hay. Transitioning from conventional corn or hay to willow tends to reduce nutrient loss and erosion, improve biodiversity and adaptability to climate change, and increase access to recreational activities. However, it is unlikely to change soil carbon pools or greenhouse gas emissions at the soil-atmosphere interface. By encouraging decision makers to weigh the pros and cons of each management decision (i.e., willow vs. corn vs. hay) based on the situation, the ecosystems services valuation method used here provides a clear framework for decision making in a watershed management context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bressler
- Department of Forest and Natural Resource Management, The State University of New York School of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Philippe Vidon
- Department of Forest and Natural Resource Management, The State University of New York School of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Paul Hirsch
- Department of Environmental Studies, The State University of New York School of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Timothy Volk
- Department of Forest and Natural Resource Management, The State University of New York School of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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31
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Graves RA, Pearson SM, Turner MG. Landscape patterns of bioenergy in a changing climate: implications for crop allocation and land-use competition. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:515-529. [PMID: 27209792 DOI: 10.1890/15-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rural landscapes face changing climate, shifting development pressure, and loss of agricultural land. Perennial bioenergy crops grown on existing agricultural land may provide an opportunity to conserve rural landscapes while addressing increased demand for biofuels. However, increased bioenergy production and changing land use raise concerns for tradeoffs within the food-energy-environment trilemma. Heterogeneity of climate, soils, and land use complicate assessment of bioenergy potential in complex landscapes, creating challenges to evaluating future tradeoffs. The hypothesis addressed herein is that perennial bioenergy production can provide an opportunity to avoid agricultural land conversion to development. Using a process-based crop model, we assessed potential bioenergy crop growth through 2100 in a southern Appalachian Mountain region and asked: (1) how mean annual yield differed among three crops (switchgrass Panicum virgatum, giant miscanthus Miscanthus x giganteus, and hybrid poplar Populus x sp.) under current climate and climate change scenarios resulting from moderate and very high greenhouse gas emissions; (2) how maximum landscape yield, spatial allocation of crops, and bioenergy hotspots (areas with highest potential yield) varied among climate scenarios; and (3) how bioenergy hotspots overlapped with current crop production or lands with high development pressure. Under both climate change scenarios, mean annual yield of perennial grasses decreased (-4% to -39%), but yield of hybrid poplar increased (+8% to +20%) which suggests that a switch to woody crops would maximize bioenergy crop production. In total, maximum landscape yield increased by up to 90 000 Mg/yr (6%) in the 21st century due to increased poplar production. Bioenergy hotspots (> 18 Mg x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) consistently overlapped with high suburban/exurban development likelihood and existing row crop production. If bioenergy production is constrained to marginal (non-crop) lands, landscape yield decreased by 27%. The removal of lands with high development probability from crop production resulted in losses of up to 670 000 Mg/yr (40%). This study demonstrated that tradeoffs among bioenergy production, crop production, and exurban expansion in a mountainous changing rural landscape vary spatially with climate change over time. If markets develop, bioenergy crops could potentially counter losses of agricultural land to development.
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Popp J, Harangi-Rákos M, Gabnai Z, Balogh P, Antal G, Bai A. Biofuels and Their Co-Products as Livestock Feed: Global Economic and Environmental Implications. Molecules 2016; 21:285. [PMID: 26938514 PMCID: PMC6273624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review studies biofuel expansion in terms of competition between conventional and advanced biofuels based on bioenergy potential. Production of advanced biofuels is generally more expensive than current biofuels because products are not yet cost competitive. What is overlooked in the discussion about biofuel is the contribution the industry makes to the global animal feed supply and land use for cultivation of feedstocks. The global ethanol industry produces 44 million metric tonnes of high-quality feed, however, the co-products of biodiesel production have a moderate impact on the feed market contributing to just 8-9 million tonnes of protein meal output a year. By economically displacing traditional feed ingredients co-products from biofuel production are an important and valuable component of the biofuels sector and the global feed market. The return of co-products to the feed market has agricultural land use (and GHG emissions) implications as well. The use of co-products generated from grains and oilseeds can reduce net land use by 11% to 40%. The proportion of global cropland used for biofuels is currently some 2% (30-35 million hectares). By adding co-products substituted for grains and oilseeds the land required for cultivation of feedstocks declines to 1.5% of the global crop area.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Popp
- Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Harangi-Rákos
- Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Gabnai
- Institute of Business Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Péter Balogh
- Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Antal
- Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bai
- Institute of Business Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
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Solomon BD, Banerjee A, Acevedo A, Halvorsen KE, Eastmond A. Policies for the Sustainable Development of Biofuels in the Pan American Region: A Review and Synthesis of Five Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 56:1276-1294. [PMID: 25526849 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-014-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth of biofuel production in the United States and Brazil over the past decade has increased interest in replicating this success in other nations of the Pan American region. However, the continued use of food-based feedstock such as maize is widely seen as unsustainable and is in some cases linked to deforestation and increased greenhouse gas emissions, raising further doubts about long-term sustainability. As a result, many nations are exploring the production and use of cellulosic feedstock, though progress has been extremely slow. In this paper, we will review the North-South axis of biofuel production in the Pan American region and its linkage with the agricultural sectors in five countries. Focus will be given to biofuel policy goals, their results to date, and consideration of sustainability criteria and certification of producers. Policy goals, results, and sustainability will be highlighted for the main biofuel policies that have been enacted at the national level. Geographic focus will be given to the two largest producers-the United States and Brazil; two smaller emerging producers-Argentina and Canada; and one stalled program-Mexico. However, several additional countries in the region are either producing or planning to produce biofuels. We will also review alternative international governance schemes for biofuel sustainability that have been recently developed, and whether the biofuel programs are being managed to achieve improved environmental quality and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Solomon
- Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA.
| | - Aparajita Banerjee
- Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA
| | - Alberto Acevedo
- INTA, National Agricultural Technology Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kathleen E Halvorsen
- Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA
| | - Amarella Eastmond
- Social Sciences Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Mexico
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34
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Kline KL, Martinelli FS, Mayer AL, Medeiros R, Oliveira COF, Sparovek G, Walter A, Venier LA. Bioenergy and Biodiversity: Key Lessons from the Pan American Region. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 56:1377-1396. [PMID: 26105970 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how large-scale bioenergy production can affect biodiversity and ecosystems is important if society is to meet current and future sustainable development goals. A variety of bioenergy production systems have been established within different contexts throughout the Pan American region, with wide-ranging results in terms of documented and projected effects on biodiversity and ecosystems. The Pan American region is home to the majority of commercial bioenergy production and therefore the region offers a broad set of experiences and insights on both conflicts and opportunities for biodiversity and bioenergy. This paper synthesizes lessons learned focusing on experiences in Canada, the United States, and Brazil regarding the conflicts that can arise between bioenergy production and ecological conservation, and benefits that can be derived when bioenergy policies promote planning and more sustainable land-management systems. We propose a research agenda to address priority information gaps that are relevant to biodiversity concerns and related policy challenges in the Pan American region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith L Kline
- Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, TN, USA.
| | - Fernanda Silva Martinelli
- Sustainable Development Practices Graduate Program, UFRRJ/Conservation International Brasil, Seropédica, Brazil.
| | - Audrey L Mayer
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science and Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Conservation International Brazil and Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Lisa A Venier
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
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35
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Pittman SE, Muthukrishnan R, West NM, Davis AS, Jordan NR, Forester JD. Mitigating the potential for invasive spread of the exotic biofuel crop, Miscanthus × giganteus. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Kircher M. Sustainability of biofuels and renewable chemicals production from biomass. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 29:26-31. [PMID: 26256682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the sectors of biofuel and renewable chemicals the big feedstock demand asks, first, to expand the spectrum of carbon sources beyond primary biomass, second, to establish circular processing chains and, third, to prioritize product sectors exclusively depending on carbon: chemicals and heavy-duty fuels. Large-volume production lines will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission significantly but also low-volume chemicals are indispensable in building 'low-carbon' industries. The foreseeable feedstock change initiates innovation, securing societal wealth in the industrialized world and creating employment in regions producing biomass. When raising the investments in rerouting to sustainable biofuel and chemicals today competitiveness with fossil-based fuel and chemicals is a strong issue. Many countries adopted comprehensive bioeconomy strategies to tackle this challenge. These public actions are mostly biased to biofuel but should give well-balanced attention to renewable chemicals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kircher
- KADIB, Kurhessenstr. 63, 60431 Frankfurt, Germany(3); CLIB(2021), Völklingerstr. 4, 40219 Düsseldorf, Germany(4).
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37
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Vinayak V, Manoylov KM, Gateau H, Blanckaert V, Hérault J, Pencréac'h G, Marchand J, Gordon R, Schoefs B. Diatom milking: a review and new approaches. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2629-65. [PMID: 25939034 PMCID: PMC4446598 DOI: 10.3390/md13052629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of human populations and the growth of cities contribute to the depletion of natural resources, increase their cost, and create potential climatic changes. To overcome difficulties in supplying populations and reducing the resource cost, a search for alternative pharmaceutical, nanotechnology, and energy sources has begun. Among the alternative sources, microalgae are the most promising because they use carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce biomass and/or valuable compounds. Once produced, the biomass is ordinarily harvested and processed (downstream program). Drying, grinding, and extraction steps are destructive to the microalgal biomass that then needs to be renewed. The extraction and purification processes generate organic wastes and require substantial energy inputs. Altogether, it is urgent to develop alternative downstream processes. Among the possibilities, milking invokes the concept that the extraction should not kill the algal cells. Therefore, it does not require growing the algae anew. In this review, we discuss research on milking of diatoms. The main themes are (a) development of alternative methods to extract and harvest high added value compounds; (b) design of photobioreactors;
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Vinayak
- Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University (Central University), Sagar Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kalina M Manoylov
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA.
| | - Hélène Gateau
- MicroMar, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France.
| | - Vincent Blanckaert
- MicroMar, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, IUT de Laval, Rue des Drs Calmette et Guerin, 53020 Laval Cedex 9, France.
| | - Josiane Hérault
- ChimiMar, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, IUT de Laval, Rue des Drs Calmette et Guerin, 53020 Laval Cedex 9, France.
| | - Gaëlle Pencréac'h
- ChimiMar, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, IUT de Laval, Rue des Drs Calmette et Guerin, 53020 Laval Cedex 9, France.
| | - Justine Marchand
- MicroMar, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France.
| | - Richard Gordon
- Gulf Specimen Aquarium & Marine Laboratory, Panacea, FL 32346, USA.
- Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- MicroMar, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France.
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Olson DG, Sparling R, Lynd LR. Ethanol production by engineered thermophiles. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:130-41. [PMID: 25745810 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We compare a number of different strategies that have been pursued to engineer thermophilic microorganisms for increased ethanol production. Ethanol production from pyruvate can proceed via one of four pathways, which are named by the key pyruvate dissimilating enzyme: pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR). For each of these pathways except PFL, we see examples where ethanol production has been engineered with a yield of >90% of the theoretical maximum. In each of these cases, this engineering was achieved mainly by modulating expression of native genes. We have not found an example where a thermophilic ethanol production pathway has been transferred to a non-ethanol-producing organism to produce ethanol at high yield. A key reason for the lack of transferability of ethanol production pathways is the current lack of understanding of the enzymes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Olson
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - Richard Sparling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 5V6
| | - Lee R Lynd
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States.
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Lynd LR, Sow M, Chimphango AFA, Cortez LAB, Brito Cruz CH, Elmissiry M, Laser M, Mayaki IA, Moraes MAFD, Nogueira LAH, Wolfaardt GM, Woods J, van Zyl WH. Bioenergy and African transformation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:18. [PMID: 25709714 PMCID: PMC4337098 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the world's continents, Africa has the highest incidence of food insecurity and poverty and the highest rates of population growth. Yet Africa also has the most arable land, the lowest crop yields, and by far the most plentiful land resources relative to energy demand. It is thus of interest to examine the potential of expanded modern bioenergy production in Africa. Here we consider bioenergy as an enabler for development, and provide an overview of modern bioenergy technologies with a comment on application in an Africa context. Experience with bioenergy in Africa offers evidence of social benefits and also some important lessons. In Brazil, social development, agricultural development and food security, and bioenergy development have been synergistic rather than antagonistic. Realizing similar success in African countries will require clear vision, good governance, and adaptation of technologies, knowledge, and business models to myriad local circumstances. Strategies for integrated production of food crops, livestock, and bioenergy are potentially attractive and offer an alternative to an agricultural model featuring specialized land use. If done thoughtfully, there is considerable evidence that food security and economic development in Africa can be addressed more effectively with modern bioenergy than without it. Modern bioenergy can be an agent of African transformation, with potential social benefits accruing to multiple sectors and extending well beyond energy supply per se. Potential negative impacts also cut across sectors. Thus, institutionally inclusive multi-sector legislative structures will be more effective at maximizing the social benefits of bioenergy compared to institutionally exclusive, single-sector structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee R Lynd
- />Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Mariam Sow
- />New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annie FA Chimphango
- />Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Luis AB Cortez
- />Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Brito Cruz
- />São Paulo Research Foundation São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Physics Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mosad Elmissiry
- />New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Laser
- />Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Ibrahim A Mayaki
- />New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marcia AFD Moraes
- />Department of Applied Economics, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz AH Nogueira
- />Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gideon M Wolfaardt
- />Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- />Water Institute, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Woods
- />Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- />Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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da Silva CRU, Franco HCJ, Junqueira TL, van Oers L, van der Voet E, Seabra JEA. Long-term prospects for the environmental profile of advanced sugar cane ethanol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12394-402. [PMID: 25275890 DOI: 10.1021/es502552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the environmental impacts of the production and use of 1 MJ of hydrous ethanol (E100) in Brazil in prospective scenarios (2020-2030), considering the deployment of technologies currently under development and better agricultural practices. The life cycle assessment technique was employed using the CML method for the life cycle impact assessment and the Monte Carlo method for the uncertainty analysis. Abiotic depletion, global warming, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, and eutrophication were the environmental impacts categories analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed improvements (especially no-til farming-scenarios s2 and s4) would lead to environmental benefits in prospective scenarios compared to the current ethanol production (scenario s0). Combined first and second generation ethanol production (scenarios s3 and s4) would require less agricultural land but would not perform better than the projected first generation ethanol, although the uncertainties are relatively high. The best use of 1 ha of sugar cane was also assessed, considering the displacement of the conventional products by ethanol and electricity. No-til practices combined with the production of first generation ethanol and electricity (scenario s2) would lead to the largest mitigation effects for global warming and abiotic depletion. For the remaining categories, emissions would not be mitigated with the utilization of the sugar cane products. However, this conclusion is sensitive to the displaced electricity sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia R U da Silva
- Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Unicamp. Rua Mendeleyev 200, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" , Campinas, SP, Brazil , 13083-860
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