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Herut B, Goldman R, Ozer T, Lazar A, Biton E, Gertman I, Silverman J, Segal Y, Sisma-Ventura G, Gertner Y, Rubin-Blum M, Belkin N, Rahav E. Tar pollution event (2021) at the Southeastern Levantine oligotrophic basin, short-term impacts and operational oceanography perspectives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115892. [PMID: 38086105 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Levantine basin (LB) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea is a high-risk oil pollution hot spot owing to its dense maritime traffic and intense oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities. In February 2021 the Israeli LB shorelines were impacted by an exceptional tar pollution event (~550 tons; average distribution: ~3 kg tar m-1 front beach) of an unknown oil spill source. Here we report on the immediate numerical modelling assessment of the oil spill propagation and tar distribution; operational use of underwater gliders for tracking water column anomalies of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and turbidity signals; the beached tar composition and amounts and the short-term response of the microbial population along the ~180 km shoreline. This pollution event emphasizes the need for improving the early warning systems for oil spills and implementing continuous operational monitoring at high-risk, ecologically sensitive and valuable resource areas like the Israeli LB waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel.
| | - R Goldman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - T Ozer
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - A Lazar
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - E Biton
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - I Gertman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - J Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - Y Segal
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - G Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - Y Gertner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - M Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - N Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - E Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
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2
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang R, Liu X. Tar ball pollution under the influence of ocean circulation in the Bohai Sea, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120554. [PMID: 36343857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of tar balls of unknown sources on the coast poses a great threat to the fishery, tourism and coastal biodiversity in the Bohai Sea. This work aimed to identify the sources of tar balls by using oil fingerprint technique. Tar ball samples were collected from the seashore of two islands of the western Bohai Sea and divided into two groups (Group I and Group II). Principal component analysis showed that although Caofeidian oilfield was one of the closest oilfields to the sampling area it was not a source. Fingerprints of characteristic hopanes and steranes showed that samples of Group I were similar to the crude oils from the nearby Jidong oilfield, and samples of Group II were similar to the Penglai-19-3 crude oils. Combined with cross-plots of the samples and the reference oils, it indicated that Group I may come from Jidong and Group II may come from Penglai-19-3. The weathering characteristics of alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed that the samples were affected by natural weathering processes (e.g., evaporation, photooxidation and biodegradation). It revealed that oil pollution from the nearby oilfields can also affect other areas under the influence of ocean circulation. It is the first study on source identification of tar balls from the Bohai Sea and the effects of ocean circulation on the tar ball transport. This study can considerably help to further understand the evolution of tar balls and consequently determine their sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Runmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China
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3
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Chen L, Luan C. Source identification and weathering processes of tar ball deposited Qinhuangdao coast along the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114106. [PMID: 36126482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of tar balls on the Qinhuangdao beaches along the coasts of the Bohai Sea (China) could affect people's leisure activities and tourism, and even affect the marine ecosystem. In 2020, representative tar balls collected from Qinhuangdao beaches, fingerprint analysis based on diagnostic ratios suggested that these tar balls were all very similar and may belong to the same source. Source identification by cross plot and principal component analysis (PCA), showed that the tar balls were likely from Penglai 19-3 crude oil. The weathering characterizations based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkanes parameters and unresolved complex mixture (UCM), indicated that the tar balls had been significantly influenced by natural weathering processes such as evaporation, biodegradation and photooxidation. The study of this leakage provides a powerful support for determining the leakage source, evaluating the potential weathering mechanism and determining the accident liability. This is the first time to use fingerprint technology to identify the source of tar balls in Qinhuangdao coastal zone in the Bohai Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chuanlei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
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Yin F, Song Z, He Z, Qin B, John GF, Zhang L, Su P, Zhang W, Yang T. Chemical fingerprinting and characterization of spilled oils and burnt soot particles - A case study on the Sanchi oil tanker collision in the East China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153896. [PMID: 35182621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The condensate spill accident from the Sanchi oil tanker collision in the East China Sea is unique in world history. To date, the spilled and burnt amounts of condensate remain unknown. The present study demonstrates the chemical fingerprints of a surrogate condensate (SC) from the same source, and of the carried heavy fuel oil (HFO) of the Sanchi accident. The evaporative features of the condensate are demonstrated by allowing the SC to naturally volatilize in a dark fume hood. In addition, the combustion emission of the SC is characterized by conducting a laboratory-scale combustion experiment. The evaporation experiment suggests that the volatilization process plays a significant role in the weathering of the condensate. The results show that the SC and HFO can be clearly distinguished based on their chemical fingerprints of C27-C35 hopanes and C9-C36 n-alkanes, along with priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated derivatives. The compositional data reveal that the lighter component is predominant in the SC, thereby supporting its high volatility and flammability. The greater amounts of heavier components in the HFO indicate its long-term degradation and potential ecological risks to the environment. Further, the trisnorhopane thermal indicator (Ts/Tm) and C29/C30 ratio of hopanes are validated for identification of the SC and the HFO. More importantly, the changes in the hopane ratios of the soot particles are analyzed for the first time in this study, and the results demonstrate the validity of using hopane ratios to fingerprint the condensate soot particles. The diagnostic ratios of 2-MP/1-MP, 9/4-MP/1-MP, and InP/(InP+BghiP) also show decent performance on source identification after the condensate evaporation and combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yin
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhibo Song
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhiwei He
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Boyu Qin
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Gerald F John
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Penghao Su
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Wenshu Zhang
- Nantong Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Nantong 226002, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201206, PR China.
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Trinadha Rao V, Suneel V, Raajvanshi I, Alex MJ, Thomas AP. Year-to-year variability of oil pollution along the Eastern Arabian Sea: The impact of COVID-19 imposed lock-downs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113356. [PMID: 35144213 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the year-to-year variability in the occurrence, abundance and sources of oil spills in the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) using sentinel-1 imagery and identified the potential oil spills vulnerable zones. The four consecutive year's data acquired from 2017 to 2020 (March-May) reveal three oil spill hot spot zones. The ship-based oil spills were dominant over zone's-1 (off Gujarat) and 3 (off Karnataka and Kerala), and the oil field based over zone-2 (off Maharashtra). The abundance of oil spills was significantly low in zone-1, only 14.30km2 (1.2%) during lock-down due to the covid-19 pandemic. Whereas, the year-to-year oil spills over zone's 2 and 3 are not significantly varied (170.29 km2 and 195.01 km2), further suggesting the influence of oil exploration and international tanker traffic are in operation during the lock-down. This study further recommends that manual clustering is the best method to study the distribution of unknown oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trinadha Rao
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - V Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India.
| | - Istuti Raajvanshi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India; TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj 110070, New Delhi, India
| | - M J Alex
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Antony P Thomas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
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6
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Song IC, Jeon EJ, Kim S, Hwang SJ, Seo JM. Oil spill fingerprint of low sulfur fuel oil in South Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112721. [PMID: 34304063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) spill accident occurred in South Korea on December 17, 2019, before the introduction of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) sulfur limit. In this study, chromatograms, percentage weathering plots (PW-plots), and diagnostic ratios (DRs) of LSFOs collected in different areas during in the early spillage were compared for oil spill fingerprint. The source oil was conformed as LSFO according to physical properties and spill oils, like the source oil, show high n-alkanes and low benzo[b]naphto[1,2-d]thiophene (BNT) distribution. In the PW-plots, spill oils exhibited a decreasing trend with the reduction of low-molecular-weight compounds, which were affected by evaporation. The relative difference in the DRs was below 14%, indicating that the source and spill oils matched, excluding the ratios consisting of evaporated compounds. These results showed that spill oils confirmed as LSFO were evaporated during the initial spillage stage, and matched to the source oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Song
- Korea Coast Guard Research Center, Cheonan-si 31254, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ji Jeon
- West Regional Coast Guard, Mokpo-si 58682, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Kim
- West Regional Coast Guard, Mokpo-si 58682, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Hwang
- Korea Coast Guard Research Center, Cheonan-si 31254, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mog Seo
- Korea Coast Guard Research Center, Cheonan-si 31254, Republic of Korea
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Suneel V, Sathish Kumar S, Balaji R, Vethamony P. Formation and weathering assessment of oil-suspended sediment aggregates through a laboratory investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17181-17199. [PMID: 33398743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formation of oil-suspended sediment aggregates (OSAs) is believed to be one of the natural cleaning processes in the marine environment. In this study, we have investigated the formation processes of OSAs under different mixing periods (continuous mixing and with the addition of sediments in between), oil-sediment ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) and crude oils (Arabian Light (AL), Kuwait (KW) and Murban (MB)). The results revealed that size of OSAs significantly increased (up to ≈ 1.41 mm) with the addition of sediments. Aggregates (total 36) were extracted for n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to quantify and assess their weathering and toxic levels. The maximum n-alkane depletion was 84% (111-02), 94% (212-02) and 84% (321-02) and PAH depletion was ≈ 72% (111-02), 79% (212-02) and 81% (311-03) for the OSAs of AL, KW and MB crude oils, respectively, for the different samples considered, indicating that n-alkanes were depleted relatively higher than the PAHs. The highest depletion of both n-alkane and PAHs has occurred in OSAs of 10-h continuous mixing. The depletion of both n-alkane and PAHs reduced after the addition of sediments, however, escalated the growth of OSAs, resulting in bigger size OSAs. The concentration of PAHs of all 36 OSAs is greater than 5000 ng/g, indicating very high PAH pollution. Though the formation of OSAs helps in cleaning the spill sites, the carcinogenic threat to the marine ecosystem caused by these OSAs cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suneel
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - S Sathish Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - R Balaji
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - P Vethamony
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Rajendran S, Al-Khayat JA, Veerasingam S, Nasir S, Vethamony P, Sadooni FN, Al-Kuwari HAS. WorldView-3 mapping of Tarmat deposits of the Ras Rakan Island, Northern Coast of Qatar: Environmental perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111988. [PMID: 33461074 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes the spectral behavior of tarmats and maps the tarmat deposits found along the coast of Ras Rakan Island off Qatar using WorldView-3 (WV-3) sensor data. The laboratory spectra of tar materials showed diagnostic absorptions features at 0.6 and 1.1 μm in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and 1.52, 1.73, 2.04, and 2.31 μm in the short wave infrared (SWIR) region. The panchromatic grayscale image and FCC showed the tarmat deposit as a linear warp feature between beach and water. The mapping of deposits using WV-3 data by decorrelation stretch and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) methods discriminated the tarmats from the sandy soil, vegetation and sabkha features in a different tone. The capability of WV-3 sensor and the potential of image processing methods were verified by mapping the tar distribution of the Ras Ushayriq and NE of Al Ruwais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaran Rajendran
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jassim A Al-Khayat
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Veerasingam
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sobhi Nasir
- Earth Science Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - P Vethamony
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadhil N Sadooni
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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9
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Veerasingam S, Al-Khayat JA, Haseeba KP, Aboobacker VM, Hamza S, Vethamony P. Spatial distribution, structural characterization and weathering of tarmats along the west coast of Qatar. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111486. [PMID: 32892920 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oil pollution resulting from natural and anthropogenic activities in the Arabian Gulf as well as oil residue in the form of tarmat (TM) deposited on the coast is a major environmental concern. The spatial distribution, chemical composition and weathering pattern of tarmat along the west coast of Qatar has been assessed based on the TM samples collected from 12 coastal regions. The range of TM distribution is 0-104 g m-1 with an average value of 9.25 g m-1. Though the current TM level is thirty-fold lesser than that was found during 1993-1997 (average 290 g m-1), the distribution pattern is similar. The results of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicate that aromatic compounds are higher in the north (N) coast TMs than those found in the northwest (NW) and southwest (SW) coasts, and Carbonyl Index values indicate that TM of NW coast is highly weathered compared to those found in the N and SW coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Veerasingam
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jassim A Al-Khayat
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - K P Haseeba
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - V M Aboobacker
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shafeeq Hamza
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Vethamony
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Falsafi Z, Raofie F, Kazemi H, Ariya PA. Simultaneous extraction and fractionation of petroleum biomarkers from tar balls and crude oils using a two-step sequential supercritical fluid extraction. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111484. [PMID: 32892919 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study a novel sustainable method based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for simultaneous extraction and fractionation of petroleum biomarkers. We herein proposed a two-step supercritical fluid extraction method for crude oil and tar ball to separate the petroleum biomarkers into aliphatic and aromatic fractions. In the first step, pure scCO2 was used, while scCO2 modified was used as a solvent in the subsequent step. CO2 SFE can serve as an environmental-friendly alternative to common column chromatography method for petroleum biomarker or compositional analysis by GC-MS. The extraction process was shown to be selective, according to the polarity of the solvent, providing fractionation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Yet the total extraction procedure in SFE was significantly faster than column chromatography methods (~80 min vs. 8 h). We will discuss the implications of this SFE method as a novel sustainable alternative to the existing extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Falsafi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Farhad Raofie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Kazemi
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran 14857-33111, Iran
| | - Parisa A Ariya
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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11
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Goveas LC, Sajankila SP. Effect of yeast extract supplementation on halotolerant biosurfactant production kinetics coupled with degradation of petroleum crude oil by Acinetobacter baumannii OCB1 in marine environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Bills MV, Loh A, Sosnowski K, Nguyen BT, Ha SY, Yim UH, Yoon JY. Handheld UV fluorescence spectrophotometer device for the classification and analysis of petroleum oil samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Suneel V, Rao VT, Suresh G, Chaudhary A, Vethamony P, Ratheesh R. Oil pollution in the Eastern Arabian Sea from invisible sources: A multi-technique approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:683-695. [PMID: 31426210 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) is affected by oil pollution, as often evidenced by the presence of tarballs along the West Coast of India (WCI). Tarball samples collected during May 2017 along the Goa coast were subject to biomarker fingerprints, and the results matched with Bombay High (BH) oil fingerprints. The present study primarily aims at identifying the potential minor spill areas using Sentinel-imagery. Interestingly, repeated occurrence of oil spills detected at two locations, perfectly matched with BH platforms. The simulated Lagrangian trajectories also depict that tarball particles have originated from those detected locations. In 2017 alone, the quantity of spilled oil was estimated to be 129,392 l. However, spills detected offshore regions of Kachchh and Mangalore were found to be caused by ships. This is the first comprehensive study, tracking the oil pollution sources in the EAS through multi-technique approach - chemical, remote sensing and numerical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
| | - V Trinadha Rao
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Gopika Suresh
- CS Communication & Systems Germany GmBH, ECOS Office Center Darmstadt-Campus Berliner Allee, Berliner Allee 65, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aditya Chaudhary
- Indian Space Research Organization-Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - P Vethamony
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Ratheesh
- Indian Space Research Organization-Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Dashtbozorg M, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Shushizadeh MR, Taghavi L. Quantitative evaluation of n-alkanes, PAHs, and petroleum biomarker accumulation in beach-stranded tar balls and coastal surface sediments in the Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf (Iran). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:801-815. [PMID: 31426222 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas within the Bushehr Province (BP), Persian Gulf, Iran, face great challenges due to the heavy organic contamination caused by rapid industrialization, and the presence of numerous oil fields. In addition, in 2014, a significant number of tar balls are found along the coasts of BP. A total of 96 samples (48 coastal sediments and 48 tar balls) were taken from eight sampling points at the BP coast during the summer of 2014. These samples were analyzed to identify the sources and characteristics of their organic matter using diagnostic ratios and fingerprint analysis based on the distribution of the source-specific biomarkers of n-alkanes, PAHs,1 hopanes and steranes. Mean concentration of n-alkanes (μg g-1 dw) and PAHs (ng g-1 dw) varied respectively from 405 to 220,626, and 267 to 23,568 in coastal sediments, while ranged respectively from 664 to 145,285 and 390 to 46,426 in tar balls. In addition, mean concentration of hopanes and steranes (ng g-1 dw) were between 18.17 and 3349 and 184.66 to 1578 in coastal sediments, whereas in tar balls were 235-1899 and 520-1504, respectively. Pri/Phy2 ratio was 0.25 to 1.51 (0.65) and 0.36 to 1 (0.63) in coastal sediment and tar ball samples, respectively, and the occurrence of UCM3 in both matrices, reflecting the petrogenic OM4 inputs and chronic oil contamination, respectively. The C30 and C29 homologues followed Gammacerane were detected in both matrices, in particular those collected from intensive industrial activities, suggesting petrogenic sources of OM. The coastal sediment PAHs profiles were significantly dominated by HMW5-PAHs in the Bahregan Beach (BAB) (78% of total PAHs), Bandare-Genaveh (GP) (66%), and Bandare-Bushehr (BUB) (61%) stations, while the Bashi Beach (BSB) (40%), Bandare-Kangan (KP) (57%), and Bandare-Asaluyeh (AP) (51%) stations exhibited higher proportion of LMW6-PAHs. PCA7 indicated that the tar ball and coastal sediment samples deposited along the Southwest of the BP beaches are most likely originated from the Abuzar oil. Based on the intensity of the anthropogenic activities, NPMDS8 analysis revealed that the GP, BAB, NNP, AP, and KP sampling sites had a high concentration of detected organic pollutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates oil pollution in costal sediments and tar balls in the BP, providing insights in to the fate of oil in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Shushizadeh
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ahvaz Jundishahpour University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Lobat Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Suneel V, Saha M, Rathore C, Sequeira J, Mohan PMN, Ray D, Veerasingam S, Rao VT, Vethamony P. Assessing the source of oil deposited in the surface sediment of Mormugao Port, Goa - A case study of MV Qing incident. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:88-95. [PMID: 31590838 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In June 2016, a cruise vessel was grounded in the Mormugao Port, resulting in unnoticed oil spill. The surface water and sediment samples were collected from the vicinity of the ship, and also an oil sample from the ship (OIL). These samples were subject to petroleum biomarker such as pentacyclic triterpenes (hopanes) and compound specific carbon isotopic (δ13C) analyses to assess the source of hydrocarbon pollution in the Mormugao Port. While no clear trend was observed in water samples, the bottom surface sediments did show an identical pattern of hopanes with the oil. The chemometric analyses of hopane Diagnostic Ratios (DRs) and δ13C ratios confirmed the ship oil as the source of oil pollution in sediments. Whereas the water is comparatively more dynamic than the sediment, the physical processes arising out of winds, waves, tides and currents might have dispersed the oil away from the grounded ship.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
| | - Mahua Saha
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Chayanika Rathore
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Jenica Sequeira
- Goa State Pollution Control Board, Saligao, Goa 403511, India
| | - P M Nikhil Mohan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Durbar Ray
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - S Veerasingam
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - V Trinadha Rao
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - P Vethamony
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Azimi A, Bakhtiari AR, Tauler R. Chemometrics analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons sources in the street dust, runoff and sediment of urban rivers in Anzali port - South of Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:374-382. [PMID: 30199812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Major sources of petroleum hydrocarbons in the south of Caspian Sea (Anzali city) have been investigated through an approach which combines Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares chemometric methods. Terpane, catagenetic hopane and sterane hydrocarbons were analyzed in the street dust, filtered sediments of runoff, soluble runoff water and river sediment samples as well as in automobiles exhaust, tires, asphalt, engine oil, gasoline and diesel samples, as possible sources of these hydrocarbons. PCA and MCR-ALS results showed that a large part of the analyzed hydrocarbons in street dust, runoffs and in some of the river sediment samples can be explained by the proposed known sources, while the observed variation of hydrocarbon concentrations in many of the river sediment samples was not much affected by the proposed known sources, and they were most probably receiving other pollution sources not included in our study. This study also has shown that results obtained from hydrocarbon marker molecular ratios, to identify petroleum pollution sources in the environments, are in agreement with those obtained from pollution sources resolved by MCR-ALS simultaneous analysis of all samples and variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azimi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Roma Tauler
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
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17
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Masood N, Halimoon N, Aris AZ, Zakaria MP, Vaezzadeh V, Magam SM, Mustafa S, Ali MM, Keshavarzifard M, Alkhadher SAA, Bong CW, Alsalahi MA. Seasonal variability of anthropogenic indices of PAHs in sediment from the Kuala Selangor River, west coast Peninsular Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2551-2572. [PMID: 29802607 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia has led to the intense release of petroleum and products of petroleum into the environment. Surface sediment samples were collected from the Selangor River in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during four climatic seasons and analyzed for PAHs and biomarkers (hopanes). Sediments were soxhlet extracted and further purified and fractionated through first and second step column chromatography. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysis of PAHs and hopanes fractions. The average concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 219.7 to 672.3 ng g-1 dw. The highest concentrations of PAHs were detected at 964.7 ng g-1 dw in station S5 in the mouth of the Selangor River during the wet inter-monsoonal season. Both pyrogenic and petrogenic PAHs were detected in the sediments with a predominance of the former. The composition of hopanes was homogeneous showing that petroleum hydrocarbons share an identical source in the study area. Diagnostic ratios of hopanes indicated that some of the sediment samples carry the crankcase oil signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Masood
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normala Halimoon
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vahab Vaezzadeh
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sami M Magam
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4300, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Masni Mohd Ali
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Alkhadher
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chui Wei Bong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murad Ali Alsalahi
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
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18
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Han Y, Clement TP. Development of a field testing protocol for identifying Deepwater Horizon oil spill residues trapped near Gulf of Mexico beaches. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190508. [PMID: 29329313 PMCID: PMC5766100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident, one of the largest oil spills in U.S. history, contaminated several beaches located along the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) shoreline. The residues from the spill still continue to be deposited on some of these beaches. Methods to track and monitor the fate of these residues require approaches that can differentiate the DWH residues from other types of petroleum residues. This is because, historically, the crude oil released from sources such as natural seeps and anthropogenic discharges have also deposited other types of petroleum residues on GOM beaches. Therefore, identifying the origin of these residues is critical for developing effective management strategies for monitoring the long-term environmental impacts of the DWH oil spill. Advanced fingerprinting methods that are currently used for identifying the source of oil spill residues require detailed laboratory studies, which can be cost-prohibitive. Also, most agencies typically use untrained workers or volunteers to conduct shoreline monitoring surveys and these worker will not have access to advanced laboratory facilities. Furthermore, it is impractical to routinely fingerprint large volumes of samples that are collected after a major oil spill event, such as the DWH spill. In this study, we propose a simple field testing protocol that can identify DWH oil spill residues based on their unique physical characteristics. The robustness of the method is demonstrated by testing a variety of oil spill samples, and the results are verified by characterizing the samples using advanced chemical fingerprinting methods. The verification data show that the method yields results that are consistent with the results derived from advanced fingerprinting methods. The proposed protocol is a reliable, cost-effective, practical field approach for differentiating DWH residues from other types of petroleum residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Han
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - T. Prabhakar Clement
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Suneel V, Ciappa A, Vethamony P. Backtrack modeling to locate the origin of tar balls depositing along the west coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:31-39. [PMID: 27328397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tar ball (TB) deposition along the West Coast of India (WCI) is a common phenomenon during the southwest monsoon season, particularly along the coast of Goa and Gujarat, and it is a major concern to the stake holders. Our earlier studies showed that the source oil for the TBs deposited on the Goa coast in August 2010 is the tanker wash, and the source for subsequent TBs deposited on the Gujarat coast during July 2012 and June 2013 and Goa coast in May 2013 is from Bombay High (BH) oil fields. In the present study, the TBs that were deposited during May 2013 and May 2014 on the Goa coast were backtracked through a trajectory model, primarily to simulate their pathways and identify the reason for the occurrence of TBs only in May, and eventually to identify the origin and the source. The backtracking results re-confirmed that the TBs deposited in 2010 were originated from the tanker routes and that of both 2013 and 2014 TBs from the BH oil fields. The climatology of wind and surface circulation showed that the TBs deposited on the Goa coast during May/June only are from the oil fields and those during August from the tanker route. The results of backtracking simulations showed that the residence time of the oil residues/TBs is approximately 22days for August 2010 TBs, ≈30days for May 2013 TBs and 65days for May 2014 TBs. The residence time (in water) of TBs that deposit (on the coast) in the month of May could be as much as 7months, and could be around one month if deposit in August, primarily because of winds and hydrodynamic conditions of the Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
| | - A Ciappa
- e-geos/ASI-Telespazio, via Tiburtina 965, 00156 Roma, Italy
| | - P Vethamony
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
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20
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Shirneshan G, Bakhtiari AR, Memariani M. Identification of sources of tar balls deposited along the Southwest Caspian Coast, Iran using fingerprinting techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:979-989. [PMID: 27369093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2012, a significant number of tar balls occurred along the Southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea (Iran). Several oil fields of Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran might be sources of oil spills and lead to the formation of these tar balls. For source identification, 6 tar ball samples were collected from the Southwest beaches of the Caspian Sea and subjected to fingerprint analysis based on the distribution of the source-specific biomarkers of pentacyclic tri-terpanes and steranes. Comparing the diagenic ratios revealed that the tar balls were chemically similar and originated from the same source. Results of double ratio plots (e.g., C29/C30 versus ∑C31-C35/C30 and C28 αββ/(C27 αββ+C29 αββ) versus C29 αββ/(C27 αββ+C28 αββ)) in the tar balls and oils from Iran, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan indicated that the tar balls might be the result of spills from Turkmenistan oil. Moreover, principle component analysis (PCA) using biomarker ratios on the tar balls and 20 crude oil samples from different wells of Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan oils showed that the tar balls collected at the Southwest beaches are highly similar to the Turkmenistan oil but one of the Azerbaijan oils (from Bahar field oils) was found to be also slightly close to the tar balls. The weathering characterizations based on the presence of UCM (unresolved complex mixture) and low/high molecular weight ratios (L/H) of alkanes and PAHs indicated the tar ball samples have been significantly influenced by natural weathering processes such as evaporation, photo-degradation and biodegradation. This is the first study of its kind in Iran to use fingerprinting for source identification of tar balls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshan Shirneshan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Memariani
- Geosciences Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Shirneshan G, Bakhtiari AR, Memariani M. Distribution and origins of n-alkanes, hopanes, and steranes in rivers and marine sediments from Southwest Caspian coast, Iran: implications for identifying petroleum hydrocarbon inputs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17484-17495. [PMID: 27230152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of n-alkanes and biomarkers (hopane and sterane) in surface sediments from Southwestern coasts of Caspian Sea and 28 rivers arriving to this lake, determined with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, was used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the studied area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ21 n-alkane) in costal and riverine sediments varied from 249.2 to 3899.5 and 56 to 1622.4 μg g(-1), respectively. An evaluation of the source diagnostic indices indicated that petroleum related sources (petrogenic) were mainly contributed to n-alkanes in costal and most riverine sediments. Only the hydrocarbons in sediment of 3 rivers were found to be mainly of biogenic origin. Principal component analysis using hopane diagnostic ratios in costal and riverine sediments, and Anzali, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan oils were used to identify the sources of hydrocarbons in sediments. It was indicated that the anthropogenic contributions in most of the costal sediment samples are dominated with inputs of oil spills from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshan Shirneshan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Memariani
- Geosciences division of Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Bacosa HP, Thyng KM, Plunkett S, Erdner DL, Liu Z. The tarballs on Texas beaches following the 2014 Texas City "Y" Spill: Modeling, chemical, and microbiological studies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:236-244. [PMID: 27287865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We modeled the transport of oil, source-fingerprinted 44 tarball samples from Galveston Island (GV) and Mustang Island (MT), and determined the hydrocarbon and bacterial community composition of these tarballs following the 2014 Texas City "Y" Oil Spill (TCY). Transport modeling indicated that the tarballs arrived in MT before the samples were collected. Source-fingerprinting confirmed that the tarballs collected from GV and MT, 6d and 11d after the TCY, respectively, originated from the spill. Tarballs from GV showed 21% depletion of alkanes, mainly C9-C17, and 55% depletion of PAHs mainly naphthalenes, and dominated by alkane-degrading Alcanivorax and Psychrobacter. Samples from MT were depleted of 24% alkanes and 63% PAHs, and contained mainly of PAH-degrading Pseudoalteromonas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to relate oil transport, tarball source-fingerprinting, chemistry, and microbiology, which provides insights on the fate of oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando P Bacosa
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States.
| | - Kristen M Thyng
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Stefanie Plunkett
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States
| | - Deana L Erdner
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States
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23
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Yuan GL, Wu MZ, Sun Y, Li J, Li JC, Wang GH. One century of air deposition of hydrocarbons recorded in travertine in North Tibetan Plateau, China: Sources and evolution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 560-561:212-217. [PMID: 27101457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic distribution patterns of hydrocarbons have been used for fingerprinting to identify their sources. The historical air depositions of hydrocarbons recorded in natural media help to understand the evolution of the air environment. Travertine is a natural acceptor of air deposition that settles on the ground layer by layer. To reconstruct the historical air environment of hydrocarbons in the North Tibetan Plateau (NTP), a unique background region, twenty-seven travertine samples were collected systematically from a travertine column according to its precipitated year. For each sample, the precipitated year was dated while n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. Based on source identification, the air environment of hydrocarbons in the past century was studied for the region of NTP. Before World War II, the anthropogenic sources of hydrocarbons showed little influence on the air environment. During World War II and China's War of Liberation, hydrocarbons increased significantly, mainly from the use of fossil fuels. Between 1954 and 1963, hydrocarbons in the air decreased significantly because the sources of petroleum combustion decreased. From the mid-1960s through the end of the 1990s, air hydrocarbons, which mainly originated from biomass burning, increased gradually because agriculture and animal husbandry were developing steadily in Tibet and China. From the late 1990s, hydrocarbons in the atmosphere increased rapidly due to the rapid increase of tourism activities, which might increase hydrocarbon emissions from traffic. The reconstruction of the historical air hydrocarbons in NTP clearly reflects the evolution of the region and global development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ming-Zhe Wu
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Sun
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing-Chao Li
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gen-Hou Wang
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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24
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Suneel V, Vethamony P, Naik BG, Krishna MS, Jadhav L. Identifying the source of tar balls deposited along the beaches of Goa in 2013 and comparing with historical data collected along the West Coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 527-528:313-321. [PMID: 25965045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of oil residues, also known as tar balls, is a seasonal phenomenon, and it occurs only in the southwest monsoon season along the west coast of India. This has become a serious environmental issue, as Goa is a global tourist destination. The present work aims at identifying the source oil of the tar balls that consistently depositing along the Goa coast using multi-marker fingerprint technique. In this context, the tar ball samples collected in May 2013 from 9 beaches of Goa coast and crude oils from different oil fields and grounded ship were subject to multi-marker analyses such as n-alkanes, pentacyclic terpanes, regular steranes, compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and principle component analysis (PCA). The n-alkane weathering index shows that samples have been weathered to various degrees, and the status of weathering is moderate. Since the international tanker route passes closer to the west coast of India (WCI), it is generally presumed that tanker wash is the source of the tar balls. We found that 2010/2011 tar balls are as tanker wash, but the present study demonstrates that the Bombay High (BH) oil fields can also contribute to oil contamination (tar balls) along ≈ 650 km stretch of the WCI, running from Gujarat in the north to Goa in the south. The simulated trajectories show that all the particles released in April traveled in the southeast direction, and by May, they reached the Goa coast with the influence of circulation of Indian monsoon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
| | - P Vethamony
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
| | - B G Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.
| | - M S Krishna
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, 530 017, India.
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