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Gil-Villalba S, Palau J, Soder-Walz JM, Vallecillo MA, Corregidor J, Tirado A, Shouakar-Stash O, Guivernau M, Viñas M, Soler A, Rosell M. Use of isotopic (C, Cl) and molecular biology tools to assess biodegradation in a source area of chlorinated ethenes after biostimulation with Emulsified Vegetable Oil (EVO). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175351. [PMID: 39151619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation (EISB) using Emulsified Vegetable Oil (EVO) as a long-term electron donor has gained prominence for the treatment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethenes (CEs). This study explores the potential of isotopic and molecular biology tools (MBT) to investigate the CEs (PCE, TCE and cis-DCE) bioremediation using EVO in a contaminated site. A multiple approach using C and Cl-CSIA, quantification of Dehalococcoides (Dhc) and specific reductive dechlorination (RD) gene population, and hydrochemical data in microcosm experiments and field samples was applied. Despite the high partitioning of CEs into the EVO phase, the carbon isotopic values of the remaining CEs fraction in the aqueous phase did not exhibit significant changes caused by phase partitioning in laboratory experiments. Both microcosm experiments and field data revealed a rapid RD of PCE and TCE, resulting in the transient accumulation of cis-DCE, which was slowly degraded to vinyl chloride (VC). These results agreed with the presence of Dhc populations and a shift to stronger reducing conditions in the field: i) RD functional genes (tceA, vcrA and bvcA) exhibited a trend to higher values and ii) a substantial increase in Dhc populations (up to 30% of the total bacterial populations) was observed over time. The dual-element isotope slope ΛC-Cl for RD of cis-DCE obtained from field data (ΛC - Cl = 5 ± 3) was similar to the one determined from the microcosm experiments under controlled anoxic conditions (ΛC - Cl = 4.9 ± 0.8). However, ΛC-Cl values differ from those reported so far for laboratory studies with Dhc strains and mixed cultures containing Dhc, i.e., between 8.3 and 17.8. This observation underscores the potential variety of reductive dehalogenases involved during cis-DCE RD and the importance of determining site-specific Λ and ɛ values in order to improve the identification and quantification of transformation processes in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gil-Villalba
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Palau
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesica M Soder-Walz
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vallecillo
- Environmental Resources Management Iberia SAU, Rambla de Catalunya 33, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Corregidor
- Environmental Resources Management Iberia SAU, Rambla de Catalunya 33, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Tirado
- Environmental Resources Management Iberia SAU, Rambla de Catalunya 33, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Guivernau
- Sustainability in Biosystems Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Sustainability in Biosystems Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Rosell
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Phillips E, Picott K, Kümmel S, Bulka O, Edwards E, Wang P, Gehre M, Nijenhuis I, Lollar BS. Vitamin B 12 as a source of variability in isotope effects for chloroform biotransformation by Dehalobacter. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1433. [PMID: 39190020 PMCID: PMC11348799 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon and chlorine isotope effects for biotransformation of chloroform by different microbes show significant variability. Reductive dehalogenases (RDase) enzymes contain different cobamides, affecting substrate preferences, growth yields, and dechlorination rates and extent. We investigate the role of cobamide type on carbon and chlorine isotopic signals observed during reductive dechlorination of chloroform by the RDase CfrA. Microcosm experiments with two subcultures of a Dehalobacter-containing culture expressing CfrA-one with exogenous cobamide (Vitamin B12, B12+) and one without (to drive native cobamide production)-resulted in a markedly smaller carbon isotope enrichment factor (εC, bulk) for B12- (-22.1 ± 1.9‰) compared to B12+ (-26.8 ± 3.2‰). Both cultures exhibited significant chlorine isotope fractionation, and although a lower εCl, bulk was observed for B12- (-6.17 ± 0.72‰) compared to B12+ (-6.86 ± 0.77‰) cultures, these values are not statistically different. Importantly, dual-isotope plots produced identical slopes of ΛCl/C (ΛCl/C, B12+ = 3.41 ± 0.15, ΛCl/C, B12- = 3.39 ± 0.15), suggesting the same reaction mechanism is involved in both experiments, independent of the lower cobamide bases. A nonisotopically fractionating masking effect may explain the smaller fractionations observed for the B12- containing culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Present address:
Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Katherine Picott
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Technical BiogeochemistryHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Olivia Bulka
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Po‐Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Present address:
Graduate Institute of Environmental EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan CityTaiwan
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Technical BiogeochemistryHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Technical BiogeochemistryHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Barbara S. Lollar
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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3
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Khan MI, Yoo K, Schwab L, Kümmel S, Nijenhuis I. Characterization of anaerobic biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexanes by novel microbial consortia enriched from channel and river sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135198. [PMID: 39013321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The microbial biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by novel anaerobic microbial consortia enriched from sediments of an industrial effluent channel and the river Ravi in Pakistan was examined. The anaerobic consortia were capable of biotransforming α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH through reductive dichloroelimination, resulting in the formation of benzene and monochlorobenzene. Concerning γ-HCH biotransformation by the channel and river cultures, isotopic fractionations for carbon (εC) were - 5.3 ± 0.4 (‰) and - 10.6 ± 1.2 (‰), while isotopic fractionations for chlorine (εCl) were - 4.4 ± 0.4 (‰) and - 7.8 ± 0.9 (‰), respectively. Furthermore, lambda values (Λ), representing the correlation of δ13C and δ37Cl fractionation, were determined to be 1.1 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.1 for γ-HCH biotransformation, suggesting a reductive dichloroelimination as the initial step of HCH biotransformation in both cultures. Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA genes revealed that Desulfomicrobium populations were considerably increased in both cultures, indicating their possible involvement in the degradation process. These findings suggest that Desulfomicrobium-like populations may have an important role in biotransformation of HCH and novel anaerobic HCH-degrading microbial consortia could be useful bioaugmentation agents for the bioremediation of HCH-contaminated sites in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea
| | - Laura Schwab
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Prieto-Espinoza M, Malleret L, Ravier S, Höhener P. A Novel Multi-ion Evaluation Scheme to Determine Stable Chlorine Isotope Ratios ( 37Cl/ 35Cl) of Chlordecone by LC-QTOF. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2711-2721. [PMID: 37883681 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorinated pesticides are highly persistent organic pollutants having important adverse effects in the environment. To study their fate, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) may be used to investigate their degradation pathways and mechanisms but is currently limited to 13C isotope ratios. The assessment of 37Cl isotope ratios from mass spectra is complicated by the large number of isotopologues of polychlorinated compounds. For method development, chlordecone (C10Cl10O2H2; hydrate form), an organochlorine insecticide that led to severe contamination of soils and aquatic ecosystems of the French West Indies, was taken as a model analyte. Chlorine isotope analysis of chlordecone hydrate was evaluated using high-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), enabling smooth ionization to detect the molecular ion. First, a new evaluation scheme is presented to correct for multiple isotope presence in polychlorinated compounds. The scheme is based on probability calculations of the most frequent isotopologues, distributions by binomial probability functions, and corrections for the presence of nonchlorine heavy isotopes. Second, mobile-phase modifiers, ionization energy (sampling cone tension) and scan time were optimized for accurate chlorine isotope ratios. Chlordecone standard samples were measured up to 10-fold and bracketed with a second chlordecone external standard. δ37Cl values were obtained after conversion to the SMOC scale by a two-point calibration. The robustness of the analysis method and evaluation scheme were tested and gave satisfactory results with standard errors (σm) of ±0.34‰ for precision and ±0.89‰ for long-term accuracy of chlorine isotope ratios of chlordecone hydrate. This work opens perspectives for applications of the C-Cl CSIA approach to investigate the fate of highly toxic and low reactive polychlorinated compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Prieto-Espinoza
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Ravier
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
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5
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Liu X, Wu L, Kümmel S, Gehre M, Richnow HH. Determination of Stable Hydrogen Isotopic Composition and Isotope Enrichment Factor at Low Hydrogen Concentration. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16272-16278. [PMID: 37878670 PMCID: PMC10637740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Determination of stable hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ2H) is currently challenged to achieve a high detection limit for reaching the linear range where δ2H values are independent of concentration. Therefore, it is difficult to assess precise δ2H values for calculating the hydrogen isotope enrichment factor (εH) and for field application where the concentrations of contaminants are relatively low. In this study, a data treatment approach was developed to obtain accurate δ2H values below the linear range. The core concept was to use a logarithmic function to fit the δ2H values below the linear range and then adjust the δ2H values below the linear range into the linear range by using the fitted logarithmic equation. Moreover, the adjusted δ2H values were calibrated by using laboratory reference materials, e.g., n-alkanes. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers were selected as examples of complex heteroatom-bearing compounds to develop the data treatment approach. This data treatment approach was then tested using δ2H values from a TCEP transformation experiment with OH radicals. Comparable δ2H values and εH between the low-concentration experiment and the reference experiment were obtained using the developed approach. Therefore, the developed data treatment approach enables a possibility of determining the hydrogen isotopic compositions of organic components in low concentrations. It is especially valuable for determining organic contaminants in environmental samples, which are usually present in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department
of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research-UFZ,Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department
of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research-UFZ,Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Ecometrix
Incorporated, 6800 Campobello
Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 2L8, Canada
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department
of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research-UFZ,Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department
of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research-UFZ,Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department
of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research-UFZ,Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Isodetect
GmbH, Deutscher Platz
5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Liu X, Kümmel S, Trapp S, Richnow HH. Uptake and Transformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers (HCHs) in Tree Growth Rings at a Contaminated Field Site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37267390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential transformation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) within tree trunks could have a significant impact on the use of phytoscreening. However, the transformation mechanisms of HCH in trunks particularly in growth rings are not yet well understood. Therefore, a field study on an HCH-contaminated field site was conducted to investigate the fate of HCH, particularly α-HCH in tree trunks using multielement compound-specific isotope analysis (ME-CSIA) and enantiomer fractionation. The results indicate that α-HCH was transformed, as evidenced by higher δ13C and δ37Cl values detected across different growth ring sections and in the bark compared to those in muck and soil. Remarkably, in the middle growth ring section, δ13C values of HCH were only marginally higher or comparable to those in muck, whereas δ37Cl values were higher than those of the muck, indicating a different transformation mechanism. Moreover, the δ37Cl values of β-HCH also increased in the tree trunks compared to those in soil and muck, implying a transformation of β-HCH. Additionally, dual-element isotope analysis revealed that there are different transformation mechanisms between the middle growth rings and other sections. Our findings suggest that the transformation of HCHs in trunks could bias quantitative phytoscreening approaches; however, ME-CISA offers an option to estimate the degradation extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Palau J, Trueba-Santiso A, Yu R, Mortan SH, Shouakar-Stash O, Freedman DL, Wasmund K, Hunkeler D, Marco-Urrea E, Rosell M. Dual C-Br Isotope Fractionation Indicates Distinct Reductive Dehalogenation Mechanisms of 1,2-Dibromoethane in Dehalococcoides- and Dehalogenimonas-Containing Cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1949-1958. [PMID: 36700533 PMCID: PMC9910042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Brominated organic compounds such as 1,2-dibromoethane (1,2-DBA) are highly toxic groundwater contaminants. Multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis bears the potential to elucidate the biodegradation pathways of 1,2-DBA in the environment, which is crucial information to assess its fate in contaminated sites. This study investigates for the first time dual C-Br isotope fractionation during in vivo biodegradation of 1,2-DBA by two anaerobic enrichment cultures containing organohalide-respiring bacteria (i.e., either Dehalococcoides or Dehalogenimonas). Different εbulkC values (-1.8 ± 0.2 and -19.2 ± 3.5‰, respectively) were obtained, whereas their respective εbulkBr values were lower and similar to each other (-1.22 ± 0.08 and -1.2 ± 0.5‰), leading to distinctly different trends (ΛC-Br = Δδ13C/Δδ81Br ≈ εbulkC/εbulkBr) in a dual C-Br isotope plot (1.4 ± 0.2 and 12 ± 4, respectively). These results suggest the occurrence of different underlying reaction mechanisms during enzymatic 1,2-DBA transformation, that is, concerted dihaloelimination and nucleophilic substitution (SN2-reaction). The strongly pathway-dependent ΛC-Br values illustrate the potential of this approach to elucidate the reaction mechanism of 1,2-DBA in the field and to select appropriate εbulkC values for quantification of biodegradation. The results of this study provide valuable information for future biodegradation studies of 1,2-DBA in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Palau
- Grup
MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia,
Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat
de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua
(IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Alba Trueba-Santiso
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Rong Yu
- Synterra
Corporation, Greenville, South Carolina29601, United States
| | - Siti Hatijah Mortan
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | | | - David L. Freedman
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- Division
of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems
Science, University of Vienna, ViennaA-1030, Austria
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre
for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University
of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel2000, Switzerland
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Monica Rosell
- Grup
MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia,
Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat
de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua
(IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, Barcelona08028, Spain
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8
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Buchner D, Martin PR, Scheckenbach J, Kümmel S, Gelman F, Haderlein SB. Expanding the calibration range of compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis by the preparation of a 37 Cl-enriched tetrachloroethylene. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9378. [PMID: 35975721 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The recent development of reliable GC/qMS methods for δ37 Cl compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) paves the way for dual carbon-chlorine isotope analysis of chlorinated ethenes and thus allows deeper insights into underlying transformation processes/mechanisms. A two-point calibration is indispensable for the precise and correct conversion of raw data to the international δ37 ClSMOC scale. The currently available calibration standards for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) span only a very narrow range from -2.52‰ (EIL2) to +0.29‰ (EIL1), which is considerably smaller than observed δ37 Cl isotope enrichment in (bio-)transformation studies (up to 12‰). METHODS We describe the preparation and evaluation of a new 37 Cl-enriched PCE standard to avoid bias in δ37 Cl CSIA arising from extrapolation beyond the calibration range. The preparation comprised: (i) partial PCE reduction by zero-valent zinc in a system of PCE, ethanol (initial volume ratio 3/5) and trace amounts of water followed by (ii) liquid-liquid extraction and (iii) a subsequent fractional distillation to purify the 37 Cl-enriched PCE. RESULTS The obtained PCE (PCEenriched ) showed a purity of 98.8% (mole fraction) and a δ37 ClSMOC value of +10.8 ± 0.5‰. The evaluation of an experimental dataset with and without extrapolation showed no significant variation. CONCLUSIONS The new PCE standard (PCEenriched ) expands the calibration range to 13.3‰ (previously 2.8‰) and thus prevents potential bias introduced by extrapolation beyond the calibration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buchner
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp R Martin
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Phillips E, Bulka O, Picott K, Kümmel S, Edwards E, Nijenhuis I, Gehre M, Dworatzek S, Webb J, Lollar BS. Investigation of Active Site Amino Acid Influence on Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation during Reductive Dechlorination. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6608266. [PMID: 35700008 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive dehalogenases (RDases) are corrinoid-dependent enzymes that reductively dehalogenate organohalides in respiratory processes. By comparing isotope effects in biotically-catalyzed reactions to reference experiments with abiotic corrinoid-catalysts, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been shown to yield valuable insights into enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, including RDases. Here, we report isotopic fractionation (ε) during biotransformation of chloroform (CF) for carbon (εC = -1.52 ± 0.34‰) and chlorine (εCl = -1.84 ± 0.19‰), corresponding to a ΛC/Cl value of 1.13 ± 0.35. These results are highly suppressed compared to isotope effects observed both during CF biotransformation by another organism with a highly similar RDase (> 95% sequence identity) at the amino acid level, and to those observed during abiotic dehalogenation of CF. Amino acid differences occur at four locations within the two different RDases' active sites, and this study examines whether these differences potentially affect the observed εC, εCl, and ΛC/Cl. Structural protein models approximating the locations of the residues elucidate possible controls on reaction mechanisms and/or substrate binding efficiency. These four locations are not conserved among other chloroalkane reducing RDases with high amino acid similarity (> 90%), suggesting that these locations may be important in determining isotope fractionation within this homologous group of RDases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Olivia Bulka
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Katherine Picott
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
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10
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Heckel B, Elsner M. Exploring Mechanisms of Biotic Chlorinated Alkane Reduction: Evidence of Nucleophilic Substitution (S N2) with Vitamin B 12. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6325-6336. [PMID: 35467338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated alkanes are notorious groundwater contaminants. Their natural reductive dechlorination by microorganisms involves reductive dehalogenases (RDases) containing cobamide as a cofactor. However, underlying mechanisms of reductive dehalogenation have remained uncertain. Here, observed products, radical trap experiments, UV-vis, and mass spectra demonstrate that (i) reduction by cobalamin (vitamin B12) involved chloroalkyl-cobalamin complexes (ii) whose formation involved a second-order nucleophilic substitution (SN2). Dual element isotope analysis subsequently linked insights from our model system to microbial reductive dehalogenation. Identical observed isotope effects in reduction of trichloromethane by Dehalobacter CF and cobalamin (Dehalobacter CF, εC = -27.9 ± 1.7‰; εCl = -4.2 ± 0.‰; λ = 6.6 ± 0.1; cobalamin, εC = -26.0 ± 0.9‰; εCl = -4.0 ± 0.2‰; λ = 6.5 ± 0.2) indicated the same underlying mechanism, as did identical isotope effects in the reduction of 1,2-dichloroethane by Dehalococcoides and cobalamin (Dehalococcoides, εC = -33.0 ± 0.4‰; εCl = -5.1 ± 0.1‰; λ = 6.5 ± 0.2; cobalamin, εC = -32.8 ± 1.7‰; εCl = -5.1 ± 0.2‰; λ = 6.4 ± 0.2). In contrast, a different, non-SN2 reaction was evidenced by different isotope effects in reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with Dehalogenimonas (εC = -23.0 ± 2.0‰; εCl = -12.0 ± 0.8‰; λ = 1.9 ± 0.02) illustrating a diversity of biochemical reaction mechanisms manifested even within the same class of enzymes (RDases). This study resolves open questions in our understanding of bacterial reductive dehalogenation and, thereby, provides important information on the biochemistry of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heckel
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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11
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Soder-Walz JM, Torrentó C, Algora C, Wasmund K, Cortés P, Soler A, Vicent T, Rosell M, Marco-Urrea E. Trichloromethane dechlorination by a novel Dehalobacter sp. strain 8M reveals a third contrasting C and Cl isotope fractionation pattern within this genus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152659. [PMID: 34954170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichloromethane (TCM) is a pollutant frequently detected in contaminated aquifers, and only four bacterial strains are known to respire it. Here, we obtained a novel Dehalobacter strain capable of transforming TCM to dichloromethane, which was denominated Dehalobacter sp. strain 8M. Besides TCM, strain 8M also completely transformed 1,1,2-trichloroethane to vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane. Quantitative PCR analysis for the 16S rRNA genes confirmed growth of Dehalobacter with TCM and 1,1,2-trichloroethane as electron acceptors. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during TCM transformation was studied in cultured cells and in enzymatic assays with cell suspensions and crude protein extracts. TCM transformation in the three studied systems resulted in small but significant carbon (εC = -2.7 ± 0.1‰ for respiring cells, -3.1 ± 0.1‰ for cell suspensions, and - 4.1 ± 0.5‰ for crude protein extracts) and chlorine (εCl = -0.9 ± 0.1‰, -1.1 ± 0.1‰, and - 1.2 ± 0.2‰, respectively) isotope fractionation. A characteristic and consistent dual CCl isotope fractionation pattern was observed for the three systems (combined ΛC/Cl = 2.8 ± 0.3). This ΛC/Cl differed significantly from previously reported values for anaerobic dechlorination of TCM by the corrinoid cofactor vitamin B12 and other Dehalobacter strains. These findings widen our knowledge on the existence of different enzyme binding mechanisms underlying TCM-dechlorination within the genus Dehalobacter and demonstrates that dual isotope analysis could be a feasible tool to differentiate TCM degraders at field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica M Soder-Walz
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Grup MAiMA, Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camelia Algora
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Pilar Cortés
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BioCiències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup MAiMA, Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup MAiMA, Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
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12
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Wang G, Liu Y, Wang X, Dong X, Jiang N, Wang H. Application of dual carbon-bromine stable isotope analysis to characterize anaerobic micro-degradation mechanisms of PBDEs in wetland bottom-water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117854. [PMID: 34800854 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one kind of persistent organic pollutants, were widely detected in coastal wetlands. Microbial reductive debromination is one of the most important attenuation processes for PBDEs in anaerobic environment, whereas the underlying reaction mechanisms remain elusive. Dual-element stable isotope analysis was recently recognized to distinguish different reaction mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, the dual carbon-bromine isotope effects associated with the anaerobic microbial degradation were first investigated to characterize the reaction mechanisms for BDE-47 and BDE-153. Presence of lower brominated congeners indicated stepwise debromination as the main degradation pathway, with the preferential removal of bromine in para position > meta/ortho position. The pronounced isotope fractionation was observed for both carbon and bromine, with similar carbon (εC) and bromine isotope enrichment factor (εBr) between BDE-47 (εC = -5.98‰, εBr = -2.44‰) and BDE-153 (εC = -5.57‰, εBr = -2.06‰) during the microbial degradation. Compared to εC and εBr, the correlation of carbon and isotope effects (ΛC/Br = Δδ81Br/Δδ13C) was almost the same between BDE-47 (0.436) and BDE-153 (0.435), indicating the similar reaction mechanism. The calculated carbon and bromine apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEC and AKIEBr) were 1.0773 and 1.0098 for BDE-47 and 1.0716 and 1.0125 for BDE-153, within range reported for degradation of halogenated compounds following nucleophilic substitution. Combination analysis of degradation products, ΛC/Br and AKIE, all the results pointed to that the anaerobic reductive debromination of BDE-47 and BDE-153 followed the nucleophilic aromatic substitution, with the addition of cofactor to the benzene ring concomitant with dissociation of carbon-bromine bond via the inner-sphere electron transfer, and the cleavage of C-Br bond was the rate-determining step. This study contributed to the development of dual carbon-bromine isotope analysis as a robust approach to probe the fate of PBDEs in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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13
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Liu X, Li W, Kümmel S, Merbach I, Sood U, Gupta V, Lal R, Richnow HH. Soil from a Hexachlorocyclohexane Contaminated Field Site Inoculates Wheat in a Pot Experiment to Facilitate the Microbial Transformation of β-Hexachlorocyclohexane Examined by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13812-13821. [PMID: 34609852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a remnant from former HCH pesticide production. Its removal from the environment gained attention in the last few years since it is the most stable HCH isomer. However, knowledge about the transformation of β-HCH in soil-plant systems is still limited. Therefore, experiments with a contaminated field soil were conducted to investigate the transformation of β-HCH in soil-plant systems by compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). The results showed that the δ13C and δ37Cl values of β-HCH in the soil of the planted control remained stable, revealing no transformation due to a low bioavailability. Remarkably, an increase of the δ13C and δ37Cl values in soil and plant tissues of the spiked treatments were observed, indicating the transformation of β-HCH in both the soil and the plant. This was surprising as previously it was shown that wheat is unable to transform β-HCH when growing in hydroponic culture or garden soil. Thus, results of this work indicate for the first time that a microbial community of the soil inoculated the wheat and then facilitated the transformation of β-HCH in the wheat, which may have implications for the development of phytoremediation concepts. A high abundance of HCH degraders belonging to Sphingomonas sp., Mycobacterium sp., and others was detected in the β-HCH-treated bulk and rhizosphere soil, potentially supporting the biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Merbach
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06102 Halle, Germany
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Rup Lal
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Greenhalgh ED, Kunze C, Schubert T, Diekert G, Brunold TC. A Spectroscopically Validated Computational Investigation of Viable Reaction Intermediates in the Catalytic Cycle of the Reductive Dehalogenase PceA. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2022-2032. [PMID: 34132518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms that produce reductive dehalogenases utilize halogenated aromatic and aliphatic substances as terminal electron acceptors in a process termed organohalide respiration. These organisms can couple the reduction of halogenated substances with the production of ATP. Tetrachloroethylene reductive dehalogenase (PceA) catalyzes the reductive dehalogenation of per- and trichloroethylenes (PCE and TCE, respectively) to primarily cis-dichloroethylene (DCE). The enzymatic conversion of PCE to TCE (and subsequently DCE) could potentially proceed via a mechanism in which the first step involves a single-electron transfer, nucleophilic addition followed by chloride elimination or protonation, or direct attack at the halogen. Difficulties with producing adequate quantities of PceA have greatly hampered direct experimental studies of the reaction mechanism. To overcome these challenges, we have generated computational models of resting and TCE-bound PceA using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations and validated these models on the basis of experimental data. Notably, the norpseudo-cob(II)alamin [Co(II)Cbl*] cofactor remains five-coordinate upon binding of the substrate to the enzyme, retaining a loosely bound water on the lower face. Thus, the mechanism for the thermodynamically challenging Co(II) → Co(I)Cbl* reduction used by PceA differs fundamentally from that utilized by adenosyltransferases, which generate four-coordinate Co(II)Cbl species to facilitate access to the Co(I) oxidation state. The same QM/MM computational methodology was then applied to viable reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle of PceA. The intermediate predicted to possess the lowest energy is that resulting from electron transfer from Co(I)Cbl* to the substrate to yield Co(II)Cbl*, a chloride ion, and a vinylic radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Greenhalgh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Cindy Kunze
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Schubert
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Diekert
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas C Brunold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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15
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Ojeda AS, Zheng J, Phillips E, Sherwood Lollar B. Implications of regression bias for multi-element isotope analysis for environmental remediation. Talanta 2021; 226:122113. [PMID: 33676669 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring changes in the stable isotope ratios of multiple elements (e.g. Δδ13C, Δδ37Cl, and Δδ2H) during the (bio)transformation of environmental contaminants has provided new insights into reaction mechanisms and tools to optimize remediation efforts. Dual-isotope analysis, wherein changes in one isotopic system are plotted against another (to derive an interpretational parameter expressed as Λ), is a key tool in multi-element isotopic assessment. To date, most dual-isotope analyses use ordinary linear regression (OLR) for the calculation, which can be subject to regression attenuation and thus an inherent artifact that depresses slope values, expressed as Λ. Here, a series of Monte Carlo simulations were constructed to represent common data conditions and variations within dual-isotope data to test the degree of bias when deriving Λ using OLR compared to an alternative regression technique, the York method. The degree of bias was quantified compared to the modeled or "true" Λ value. For all simulations, the York method provided the least bias in slope estimates (<1%) over all data conditions tested. In contrast, OLR produced unbiased estimates only under a limited set of conditions, which was validated through a mathematical model proof. Both the mathematical model and simulations show that bias of at least 5% in OLR occurs when the extent of enrichment in the x-variable (XM) is equal to or less than ≈15 times the 1σ precision in the isotope measurement (σX), for both Cl/C and C/H plots. The results give practitioners tools to evaluate whether bias is present in data and to estimate the extent to which this negatively impacts the interpretations and predictions of remediation potential for new and previously published datasets. This study demonstrates that integration of such robust statistical tools is essential for dual-isotope interpretations widely used in contaminant hydrogeology but relevant to other disciplines including environmental chemistry and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Auburn University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- University of Toronto, Department of Earth Sciences, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada
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16
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Transformation of the recalcitrant pesticide chlordecone by Desulfovibrio sp.86 with a switch from ring-opening dechlorination to reductive sulfidation activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13545. [PMID: 32782344 PMCID: PMC7419502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The insecticide chlordecone has been used in the French West Indies for decades, resulting in long term pollution, human health problems and social crisis. In addition to bacterial consortia and Citrobacter sp.86 previously described to transform chlordecone into three families of transformation products (A: hydrochlordecones, B: polychloroindenes and C: polychloroindenecarboxylic acids), another bacterium Desulfovibrio sp.86, showing the same abilities has been isolated and its genome was sequenced. Ring-opening dechlorination, leading to A, B and C families, was observed as previously described. Changing operating conditions in the presence of chlordecone gave rise to the formation of an unknown sulfur-containing transformation product instead of the aforementioned ones. Its structural elucidation enabled to conclude to a thiol derivative, which corresponds to an undocumented bacterial reductive sulfidation. Microbial experiments pointed out that the chlordecone thiol derivative was observed in anaerobiosis, and required the presence of an electron acceptor containing sulfur or hydrogen sulfide, in a confined atmosphere. It seems that this new reaction is also active on hydrochlordecones, as the 10-monohydrochlordecone A1 was transformed the same way. Moreover, the chlordecone thiol derivative called F1 was detected in several chlordecone contaminated mangrove bed sediments from Martinique Island, highlighting the environmental relevance of these results.
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17
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Franke S, Seidel K, Adrian L, Nijenhuis I. Dual Element (C/Cl) Isotope Analysis Indicates Distinct Mechanisms of Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Ethenes and Dichloroethane in Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strain BTF08 With Defined Reductive Dehalogenase Inventories. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1507. [PMID: 32903289 PMCID: PMC7396605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain BTF08 has the unique property to couple complete dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and 1,2-dichloroethane to ethene with growth by using the halogenated compounds as terminal electron acceptor. The genome of strain BTF08 encodes 20 genes for reductive dehalogenase homologous proteins (RdhA) including those described for dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene (PceA, PteA), trichloroethene (TceA) and vinyl chloride (VcrA). Thus far it is unknown under which conditions the different RdhAs are expressed, what their substrate specificity is and if different reaction mechanisms are employed. Here we found by proteomic analysis from differentially activated batches that PteA and VcrA were expressed during dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to ethene, while TceA was expressed during 1,2-dichloroethane dehalogenation. Carbon and chlorine compound-specific stable isotope analysis suggested distinct reaction mechanisms for the dechlorination of (i) cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride versus (ii) tetrachloroethene. This differentiation was observed independent of the expressed RdhA proteins. Differently, two stable isotope fractionation patterns were observed for 1,2-dichloroethane transformation, for cells with distinct RdhA inventories. Conclusively, we could link specific RdhA expression with functions and provide an insight into the apparently substrate-specific reaction mechanisms in the pathway of reductive dehalogenation in D. mccartyi strain BTF08. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD018558 and PXD018595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Franke
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Seidel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Chair of Geobiotechnology at TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Liu Y, Liu J, Renpenning J, Nijenhuis I, Richnow HH. Dual C-Cl Isotope Analysis for Characterizing the Reductive Dechlorination of α- and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane by Two Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strains and an Enrichment Culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7250-7260. [PMID: 32441516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are persistent organic contaminants that threaten human health. Microbial reductive dehalogenation is one of the most important attenuation processes in contaminated environments. This study investigated carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation of α- and γ-HCH during the reductive dehalogenation by three anaerobic cultures. The presence of tetrachlorocyclohexene (TeCCH) indicated that reductive dichloroelimination was the first step of bond cleavage. Isotope enrichment factors (εC and εCl) were derived from the transformation of γ-HCH (εC, from -4.0 ± 0.5 to -4.4 ± 0.6 ‰; εCl, from -2.9 ± 0.4 to -3.3 ± 0.4 ‰) and α-HCH (εC, from -2.4 ± 0.2 to -3.0 ± 0.4 ‰; εCl, from -1.4 ± 0.3 to -1.8 ± 0.2 ‰). During α-HCH transformation, no enantioselectivity was observed, and similar εc values were obtained for both enantiomers. The correlation of 13C and 37Cl fractionation (Λ = Δδ13C/Δδ37Cl ≈ εC/εCl) of γ-HCH (from 1.1 ± 0.3 to 1.2 ± 0.1) indicates similar bond cleavage during the reductive dichloroelimination by the three cultures, similar to α-HCH (1.7 ± 0.2 to 2.0 ± 0.3). The different isotope fractionation patterns during reductive dichloroelimination and dehydrochlorination indicates that dual-element stable isotope analysis can potentially be used to evaluate HCH transformation pathways at contaminated field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Julian Renpenning
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
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19
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Yankelzon I, Englman T, Bernstein A, Siebner H, Ronen Z, Gelman F. Multi-elemental C-Br-Cl isotope analysis for characterizing biotic and abiotic transformations of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (BCE). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22749-22757. [PMID: 32323238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-elemental C-Br-Cl compound-specific isotope analysis was applied for characterizing abiotic and biotic degradation of the environmental pollutant 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (BCE). Isotope effects were determined in the model processes following hydrolytic dehalogenation and dihaloelimination pathways as well as in a microcosm experiment by the microbial culture from the contaminated site. Hydrolytic dehalogenation of BCE under alkaline conditions and by DhaA enzyme resulted in similar dual isotope slopes (ɅC/Br 21.9 ± 4.7 and 19.4 ± 1.8, respectively, and ɅC/Cl ~ ∞). BCE transformation by cyanocobalamin (B12) and by Sulfurospirillum multivorans followed dihaloelimination and was accompanied by identical, within the uncertainty range, dual isotope slopes (ɅC/Br 8.4 ± 1.7 and 7.9 ± 4.2, respectively, and ɅC/Cl 2.4 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively). Changes over time in the isotope composition of BCE from the contaminated groundwater showed only a slight variation in δ13C values and were not sufficient for the elucidation of the BCE degradation pathway in situ. However, an anaerobic microcosm experiment with the enrichment cultures from the contaminated groundwater presented dual isotope slopes similar to the hydrolytic pathway, suggesting that the potential for BCE degradation in situ by the hydrolytic dehalogenation pathway exists in the contaminated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yankelzon
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tzofia Englman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz St., 9692100, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hagar Siebner
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz St., 9692100, Jerusalem, Israel.
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20
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Zimmermann J, Halloran LJS, Hunkeler D. Tracking chlorinated contaminants in the subsurface using compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis: A review of principles, current challenges and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125476. [PMID: 31830644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many chlorinated hydrocarbons have gained notoriety as persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Engineered and natural remediation efforts require a monitoring tool to track the progress of degradation processes. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a robust method to evaluate the origin and fate of contaminants in the environment and does not rely on concentration measurements. While carbon CSIA has established itself in the routine assessment of contaminated sites, studies incorporating chlorine isotopes have only recently become more common. Although some aspects of chlorine isotope analysis are more challenging than carbon isotope analysis, having additional isotopic data yields valuable information for contaminated site management. This review provides an overview of chlorine isotope fractionation of chlorinated contaminants in the subsurface by different processes and presents analytical techniques and unresolved challenges in chlorine isotope analysis. A summary of successful field applications illustrates the potential of using chlorine isotope data. Finally, approaches in modelling chlorine isotope fractionation due to degradation, diffusion, and sorption processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Zimmermann
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Landon J S Halloran
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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21
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Gafni A, Gelman F, Ronen Z, Bernstein A. Variable carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation in TCE co-metabolic oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125130. [PMID: 31669996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Identifying co-metabolic TCE oxidation in polluted groundwater is challenging due to lack of indicative by-products. This challenge may theoretically be resolved if the oxidation process can be characterized by a distinct dual isotope enrichment. In this work, we aimed to explore the carbon and chlorine isotope effects associated with TCE oxidation by a variety of oxygenases. These included pure strains and enrichment cultures of methane, toluene and ammonia oxidizers, as well as experiments with crude extracts. Isotope effects determined for TCE oxidation by toluene and ammonia oxidizers were mostly in line with expected values for epoxidation mechanism (ϵ13C -11.0 ± 0.7 to -24.8 ± 0.2‰ and ϵ37Cl +0.9 ± 0.5 to +1.0 ± 0.4‰), whereas, the methanotrophs resulted in distinctively different isotope effects (ϵ13C -2.4 ± 0.4 to -3.4 ± 0.8‰ and ϵ37Cl -1.8 ± 0.2 to -2.9 ± 0.9‰). It is suggested that in TCE oxidation by methanotrophs, substrate binding rather than bond cleavage is rate limiting, leading to this unexpected isotope effect. On the environmental level, our results imply that the oxidative process can be differentiated if catalyzed by toluene and ammonia oxidizers or by methanotrophs. Additionally, the oxidative process can be distinguished from the reductive one. However, using dual isotope analysis in the field may result in an under-estimation of the overall co-metabolic process if methanotrophs are to be excluded due to low isotope effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almog Gafni
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz St, Jerusalem, 9692100, Israel
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel.
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22
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Ojeda AS, Phillips E, Sherwood Lollar B. Multi-element (C, H, Cl, Br) stable isotope fractionation as a tool to investigate transformation processes for halogenated hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:567-582. [PMID: 31993605 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a powerful tool to evaluate transformation processes of halogenated compounds. Many halogenated hydrocarbons allow for multiple stable isotopic systems (C, H, Cl, Br) to be measured for a single compound. This has led to a large body of literature describing abiotic and biotic transformation pathways and reaction mechanisms for contaminants such as chlorinated alkenes and alkanes as well as brominated hydrocarbons. Here, the current literature is reviewed and a new compilation of Λ values for multi-isotopic systems for halogenated hydrocarbons is presented. Case studies of each compound class are discussed and thereby the current strengths of multi-element isotope analysis, continuing challenges, and gaps in our current knowledge are identified for practitioners of multi-element CSIA to address in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sullivan Ojeda
- Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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23
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Büsing J, Buchner D, Behrens S, Haderlein SB. Deciphering the Variability of Stable Isotope (C, Cl) Fractionation of Tetrachloroethene Biotransformation by Desulfitobacterium strains Carrying Different Reductive Dehalogenases Enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1593-1602. [PMID: 31880148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic isotope effects have been used successfully to prove and characterize organic contaminant transformation on various scales including field and laboratory studies. For tetrachloroethene (PCE) biotransformation, however, causes for the substantial variability of reported isotope enrichment factors (ε) are still not deciphered (εC = -0.4 to -19.0‰). Factors such as different reaction mechanisms and masking of isotope fractionation by either limited intracellular mass transfer or rate-limitations within the enzymatic multistep reaction are under discussion. This study evaluated the contribution of these factors to the magnitude of carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation of Desulfitobacterium strains harboring three different PCE-transforming enzymes (PCE-RdhA). Despite variable single element isotope fractionation (εC = -5.0 to -19.7‰; εCl = -1.9 to -6.3‰), similar slopes of dual element isotope plots (ΛC/Cl values of 2.4 ± 0.1 to 3.6 ± 0.1) suggest a common reaction mechanism for different PCE-RdhAs. Cell envelope properties of the Desulfitobacterium strains allowed to exclude masking effects due to PCE mass transfer limitation. Our results thus revealed that different rate-limiting steps (e.g., substrate channel diffusion) in the enzymatic multistep reactions of individual PCE-RdhAs rather than different reaction mechanisms determine the extent of PCE isotope fractionation in the Desulfitobacterium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Büsing
- Center for Applied Geoscience , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Buchner
- Center for Applied Geoscience , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Behrens
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geoscience , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
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24
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El-Athman F, Adrian L, Jekel M, Putschew A. Deiodination in the presence of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1: comparison of the native enzyme and co-factor vitamin B 12. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32636-32644. [PMID: 31631234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triiodinated benzoic acid derivatives are widely used as contrast media for medical examinations and are found at high concentrations in urban aquatic environments. During bank filtration, deiodination of iodinated contrast media has been observed under anoxic/anaerobic conditions. While several bacterial strains capable of dechlorination and debromination have been isolated and characterized, deiodination has not yet been shown for an isolated strain. Here, we investigate dehalogenation of iodinated contrast media (ICM), triiodobenzoic acids (TIBA), and analogous chlorinated compounds by Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1 and its corrinoid co-factor vitamin B12. No cell growth of CBDB1 was observed using iodinated compounds as electron acceptor. Only negligible deiodination occurred for ICM, whereas 2,3,5-TIBA was nearly completely deiodinated by CBDB1 without showing cell growth. Furthermore, TIBA inhibited growth with hexachlorobenzene which is usually a well-suited electron acceptor for strain CBDB1, indicating that TIBA is toxic for CBDB1. The involvement of CBDB1 enzymes in the deiodination of TIBA was verified by the absence of deiodination activity after heat inactivation. Adding iodopropane also inhibited the deiodination of TIBA by CBDB1 cells, indicating the involvement of a corrinoid-enzyme in the reductive TIBA deiodination. The results further suggest that the involved electron transport is decoupled from proton translocation and therefore growth. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El-Athman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Lihl C, Renpenning J, Kümmel S, Gelman F, Schürner HKV, Daubmeier M, Heckel B, Melsbach A, Bernstein A, Shouakar-Stash O, Gehre M, Elsner M. Toward Improved Accuracy in Chlorine Isotope Analysis: Synthesis Routes for In-House Standards and Characterization via Complementary Mass Spectrometry Methods. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12290-12297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lihl
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julian Renpenning
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yeshayahu Leibowitz Street, 9692100 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heide K. V. Schürner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Daubmeier
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Heckel
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Aileen Melsbach
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 München, Germany
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26
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A concept for studying the transformation reaction of hexachlorocyclohexanes in food webs using multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1064:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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27
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Chevallier ML, Della-Negra O, Chaussonnerie S, Barbance A, Muselet D, Lagarde F, Darii E, Ugarte E, Lescop E, Fonknechten N, Weissenbach J, Woignier T, Gallard JF, Vuilleumier S, Imfeld G, Le Paslier D, Saaidi PL. Natural Chlordecone Degradation Revealed by Numerous Transformation Products Characterized in Key French West Indies Environmental Compartments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6133-6143. [PMID: 31082212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Production and use of the insecticide chlordecone has caused long-term environmental pollution in the James River area and the French West Indies (FWI) that has resulted in acute human-health problems and a social crisis. High levels of chlordecone in FWI soils, even after its ban decades ago, and the absence of detection of transformation products (TPs), have suggested that chlordecone is virtually nonbiodegradable in the environment. Here, we investigated laboratory biodegradation, consisting of bacterial liquid cultures and microcosms inoculated with FWI soils, using a dual nontargeted GC-MS and LC-HRMS approach. In addition to previously reported, partly characterized hydrochlordecones and polychloroindenes (families A and B), we discovered 14 new chlordecone TPs, assigned to four families (B, C, D, and E). Organic synthesis and NMR analyses allowed us to achieve the complete structural elucidation of 19 TPs. Members of TP families A, B, C, and E were detected in soil, sediment, and water samples from Martinique and include 17 TPs not initially found in commercial chlordecone formulations. 2,4,5,6,7-Pentachloroindene was the most prominent TP, with levels similar to those of chlordecone. Overall, our results clearly show that chlordecone pollution extends beyond the parent chlordecone molecule and includes a considerable number of previously undetected TPs. Structural diversity of the identified TPs illustrates the complexity of chlordecone degradation in the environment and raises the possibility of extensive worldwide pollution of soil and aquatic ecosystems by chlordecone TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion L Chevallier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Oriane Della-Negra
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Sébastien Chaussonnerie
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Agnès Barbance
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Florian Lagarde
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Edgardo Ugarte
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Ewen Lescop
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - UPR , 2301 Bâtiment 27, 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nuria Fonknechten
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Jean Weissenbach
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Thierry Woignier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE , Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen , 13397 Marseille , France
- IRD, UMR IMBE , Campus Agro Environnemental Caraïbes B. P. 214 Petit Morne , 97235 Le Lamentin, Martinique , France
| | - Jean-François Gallard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - UPR , 2301 Bâtiment 27, 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM) , Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS , 4 allée Konrad Roentgen , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS) , Université de Strasbourg , UMR 7517 CNRS/EOST, 1 Rue Blessig , 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
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28
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Lihl C, Douglas LM, Franke S, Pérez-de-Mora A, Meyer AH, Daubmeier M, Edwards EA, Nijenhuis I, Sherwood Lollar B, Elsner M. Mechanistic Dichotomy in Bacterial Trichloroethene Dechlorination Revealed by Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4245-4254. [PMID: 30857389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are significant groundwater contaminants. Microbial reductive dehalogenation at contaminated sites can produce nontoxic ethene but often stops at toxic cis-1,2-dichloroethene ( cis-DCE) or vinyl chloride (VC). The magnitude of carbon relative to chlorine isotope effects (as expressed by ΛC/Cl, the slope of δ13C versus δ37Cl regressions) was recently recognized to reveal different reduction mechanisms with vitamin B12 as a model reactant for reductive dehalogenase activity. Large ΛC/Cl values for cis-DCE reflected cob(I)alamin addition followed by protonation, whereas smaller ΛC/Cl values for PCE evidenced cob(I)alamin addition followed by Cl- elimination. This study addressed dehalogenation in actual microorganisms and observed identical large ΛC/Cl values for cis-DCE (ΛC/Cl = 10.0 to 17.8) that contrasted with identical smaller ΛC/Cl for TCE and PCE (ΛC/Cl = 2.3 to 3.8). For TCE, the trend of small ΛC/Cl could even be reversed when mixed cultures were precultivated on VC or DCEs and subsequently confronted with TCE (ΛC/Cl = 9.0 to 18.2). This observation provides explicit evidence that substrate adaptation must have selected for reductive dehalogenases with different mechanistic motifs. The patterns of ΛC/Cl are consistent with practically all studies published to date, while the difference in reaction mechanisms offers a potential answer to the long-standing question of why bioremediation frequently stalls at cis-DCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lihl
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Lisa M Douglas
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B5 , Canada
| | - Steffi Franke
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Alfredo Pérez-de-Mora
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Armin H Meyer
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Martina Daubmeier
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | | | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Marchioninistrasse 17 , 81377 Munich , Germany
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29
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El-Athman F, Adrian L, Jekel M, Putschew A. Abiotic reductive deiodination of iodinated organic compounds and X-ray contrast media catalyzed by free corrinoids. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:212-218. [PMID: 30640003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated X-ray contrast media are known for their stability concerning deiodination in the aquatic environment under aerobic conditions. In this study, we demonstrate the abiotic reductive deiodination of the iodinated contrast media iopromide, iopamidol and diatrizoate in the presence of corrinoids. In addition, triiodinated benzoic acid derivatives with iodine atoms bound at different positions were investigated. Corrinoids like cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and dicyanocobinamide served as electron shuttles and as catalysts between the reducing agent (e.g., titanium (III) citrate) and the electron accepting iodinated compound. The concentration decrease of the iodinated compounds followed first-order kinetics with rate constant kobs depending on the iodinated compound. A linear correlation between the rate of iodide release and the corrinoid concentration was observed, with deiodination rates for dicyanocobinamide twice as high as for vitamin B12. Reducing agents with a less negative standard redox potential like dithiothreitol or cysteine caused slower deiodination as the cobalt center was only reduced to its CoII oxidation state. With a temperature increase from 11 to 23 °C, the concentrations of released iodide doubled. A complete deiodination was only observed for the iodinated contrast media but not for structurally similar iodinated benzoic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El-Athman
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Geobiotechnology, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Heckel B, Phillips E, Edwards E, Sherwood Lollar B, Elsner M, Manefield MJ, Lee M. Reductive Dehalogenation of Trichloromethane by Two Different Dehalobacter restrictus Strains Reveal Opposing Dual Element Isotope Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2332-2343. [PMID: 30726673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichloromethane (TCM) is a frequently detected and persistent groundwater contaminant. Recent studies have reported that two closely related Dehalobacter strains (UNSWDHB and CF) transform TCM to dichloromethane, with inconsistent carbon isotope effects (ε13CUNSWDHB = -4.3 ± 0.45‰; ε13CCF = -27.5 ± 0.9‰). This study uses dual element compound specific isotope analysis (C; Cl) to explore the underlying differences. TCM transformation experiments using strain CF revealed pronounced normal carbon and chlorine isotope effects (ε13CCF = -27.9 ± 1.7‰; ε37ClCF = -4.2 ± 0.2‰). In contrast, small carbon and unprecedented inverse chlorine isotope effects were observed for strain UNSWDHB (ε13CUNSWDHB = -3.1 ± 0.5‰; ε37ClUNSWDHB = 2.5 ± 0.3‰) leading to opposing dual element isotope slopes (λCF = 6.64 ± 0.14 vs λUNSWDHB = -1.20 ± 0.18). Isotope effects of strain CF were identical to experiments with TCM and Vitamin B12 (ε13CVitamin B12 = -26.0 ± 0.9‰, ε37ClVitamin B12 = -4.0 ± 0.2‰, λVitamin B12 = 6.46 ± 0.20). Comparison to previously reported isotope effects suggests outer-sphere-single-electron transfer or SN2 as possible underlying mechanisms. Cell suspension and cell free extract experiments with strain UNSWDHB were both unable to unmask the intrinsic KIE of the reductive dehalogenase (TmrA) suggesting that enzyme binding and/or mass-transfer into the periplasm were rate-limiting. Nondirected intermolecular interactions of TCM with cellular material were ruled out as reason for the inverse isotope effect by gas/water and gas/hexadecane partitioning experiments indicating specific, yet uncharacterized interactions must be operating prior to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heckel
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Marchioninistrasse 17 , D-81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences 22 Russell St , University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario M5S 3B1 , Canada
| | - Elizabeth Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences 22 Russell St , University of Toronto , Toronto Ontario M5S 3B1 , Canada
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Marchioninistrasse 17 , D-81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Michael J Manefield
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre (WRC) , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Matthew Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre (WRC) , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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31
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Wanner P, Parker BL, Chapman SW, Lima G, Gilmore A, Mack EE, Aravena R. Identification of Degradation Pathways of Chlorohydrocarbons in Saturated Low-Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7296-7306. [PMID: 29865795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) can be used to differentiate the degradation pathways of chlorohydrocarbons in saturated low-permeability sediments. For that purpose, a site was selected, where a complex mixture of chlorohydrocarbons contaminated an aquifer-aquitard system. Almost 50 years after contaminant releases, high-resolution concentration, CSIA, and microbial profiles were determined. The CSIA profiles showed that in the aquitard cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), first considered as a degradation product of trichloroethene (TCE), is produced by the dichloroelimination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA). In contrast, TeCA degrades to TCE via dehydrohalogenation in the aquifer, indicating that the aquifer-aquitard interface separates two different degradation pathways for TeCA. Moreover, the CSIA profiles showed that chloroform (CF) is degraded to dichloromethane (DCM) via hydrogenolysis in the aquitard and, to a minor degree, produced by the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT). Several microorganisms capable of degrading chlorohydrocarbons were detected in the aquitard, suggesting that aquitard degradation is microbially mediated. Furthermore, numerical simulations reproduced the aquitard concentration and CSIA profiles well, which allowed the determination of degradation rates for each transformation pathway. This improves the prediction of contaminant fate in the aquitard and potential magnitude of impacts on the adjacent aquifer due to back-diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wanner
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Beth L Parker
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Steven W Chapman
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Glaucia Lima
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
- Department of Civil Engineering , University of Toronto , 35 Saint George Street , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , M5S 1A4
| | - Adam Gilmore
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
- Regional Municipality of Halton , 1151 Bronte Road , Oakville , Ontario , Canada L6M 3L1
| | - E Erin Mack
- DuPont , 974 Centre Road , Wilmington , Delaware 19805 , United States
| | - Ramon Aravena
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada N2L 3GI
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32
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Segal DC, Kuder T, Kolhatkar R. Assessment of anaerobic biodegradation of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether in groundwater using carbon and chlorine compound-specific isotope analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:696-705. [PMID: 29306157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and chlorine compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (BCEE) was performed to distinguish the primary processes contributing to observed concentration reductions in an anaerobic groundwater plume. Laboratory microcosms were constructed to demonstrate and obtain isotopic enrichment factors and dual-element CSIA trends from two potential transformation processes (1) anaerobic biodegradation using saturated sediment samples from the field site (εC=-14.8 and εCl=-5.0) and (2) abiotic reactions with sulfide nucleophiles in water (εC=-12.8 and εCl=-5.0). The results suggested a nucleophilic, SN2-type dechlorination as the mechanism of biodegradation of BCEE. Identical dual-element CSIA trends observed in the field and in the microcosm samples suggested that the same degradation mechanism was responsible for BCEE degradation in the field. While biodegradation was the likely dominant mechanism of BCEE mass destruction in the aquifer, potential contribution of abiotic hydrolysis to the net budget of degradation could not be confidently excluded. To our knowledge, this is the first unequivocal demonstration of BCEE biodegradation at a field site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Segal
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, United States
| | - Tomasz Kuder
- School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Ravi Kolhatkar
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, TX, United States.
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Heckel B, McNeill K, Elsner M. Chlorinated Ethene Reactivity with Vitamin B12 Is Governed by Cobalamin Chloroethylcarbanions as Crossroads of Competing Pathways. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heckel
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Woods A, Kuntze K, Gelman F, Halicz L, Nijenhuis I. Variable dual carbon-bromine stable isotope fractionation during enzyme-catalyzed reductive dehalogenation of brominated ethenes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:211-217. [PMID: 28987410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) to characterize biotransformation of brominated organic compounds (BOCs) was assessed and compared to chlorinated analogues. Sulfurospirillum multivorans and Desulfitobacterium hafniense PCE-S catalyzed the dehalogenation of tribromoethene (TBE) to either vinyl bromide (VB) or ethene, respectively. Significantly lower isotope fractionation was observed for TBE dehalogenation by S. multivorans (εC = -1.3 ± 0.2‰) compared to D. hafniense (εC = -7.7 ± 1.5‰). However, higher fractionation was observed for dibromoethene (DBE) dehalogenation by S. multivorans (εC = -16.8 ± 1.8‰ and -21.2 ± 1.6‰ for trans- and cis-1,2- (DBE) respectively), compared to D. hafniense PCE-S (εC = -9.5 ± 1.2‰ and -14.5 ± 0.7‰ for trans-1,2-DBE and cis-1,2-DBE, respectively). Significant, but similar, bromine fractionation was observed for for S. multivorans (εBr = -0.53 ± 0.15‰, -1.03 ± 0.26‰, and -1.18 ± 0.13‰ for trans-1,2-DBE, cis-1,2-DBE and TBE, respectively) and D. hafniense PCE-S (εBr = -0.97 ± 0.28‰, -1.16 ± 0.36‰, and -1.34 ± 0.32‰ for cis-1,2-DBE, TBE and trans-1,2-DBE, respectively). Variable CBr dual-element slopes were estimated at Λ (εC/εBr) = 1.03 ± 0.2, 17.9 ± 5.8, and 29.9 ± 11.0 for S. multivorans debrominating TBE, cis-1,2-DBE and trans-1,2-DBE, respectively, and at 7.14 ± 1.6, 8.27 ± 3.7, and 8.92 ± 2.4 for D. hafniense PCE-S debrominating trans-1,2-DBE, TBE and cis-1,2-DBE, respectively. A high variability in isotope fractionation, which was substrate property related, was observed for S. multivorans but not D. hafniense, similar as observed for chlorinated ethenes, and may be due to rate-limiting steps preceding the bond-cleavage or differences in the reaction mechanism. Overall, significant isotope fractionation was observed and, therefore, CSIA can be applied to monitor the fate of brominated ethenes in the environment. Isotope effects differences, however, are not systematically comparable to chlorinated ethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Woods
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Kuntze
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel; Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Doğan-Subaşı E, Elsner M, Qiu S, Cretnik S, Atashgahi S, Shouakar-Stash O, Boon N, Dejonghe W, Bastiaens L. Contrasting dual (C, Cl) isotope fractionation offers potential to distinguish reductive chloroethene transformation from breakdown by permanganate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:169-177. [PMID: 28431360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are persistent, toxic and mobile pollutants in groundwater systems. They are both conducive to reductive dehalogenation and to oxidation by permanganate. In this study, the potential of dual element (C, Cl) compound specific isotope analyses (CSIA) for distinguishing between chemical oxidation and anaerobic reductive dechlorination of cis-DCE and TCE was investigated. Well-controlled cis-DCE degradation batch tests gave similar carbon isotope enrichment factors εC (‰), but starkly contrasting dual element isotope slopes Δδ13C/Δδ37Cl for permanganate oxidation (εC=-26‰±6‰, Δδ13C/Δδ37Cl≈-125±47) compared to reductive dechlorination (εC=-18‰±4‰, Δδ13C/Δδ37Cl≈4.5±3.4). The difference can be tracked down to distinctly different chlorine isotope fractionation: an inverse isotope effect during chemical oxidation (εCl=+0.2‰±0.1‰) compared to a large normal isotope effect in reductive dechlorination (εCl=-3.3‰±0.9‰) (p≪0.05). A similar trend was observed for TCE. The dual isotope approach was evaluated in the field before and up to 443days after a pilot scale permanganate injection in the subsurface. Our study indicates, for the first time, the potential of the dual element isotope approach for distinguishing cis-DCE (and TCE) concentration drops caused by dilution, oxidation by permanganate and reductive dechlorination both at laboratory and field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Doğan-Subaşı
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-National Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shiran Qiu
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-National Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Cretnik
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-National Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siavash Atashgahi
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ont. N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Palau J, Shouakar-Stash O, Hatijah Mortan S, Yu R, Rosell M, Marco-Urrea E, Freedman DL, Aravena R, Soler A, Hunkeler D. Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation during the Biodegradation of 1,2-Dichloroethane: Potential for Pathway Identification Using a Multi-element (C, Cl, and H) Isotope Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10526-10535. [PMID: 28810730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Even though multi-element isotope fractionation patterns provide crucial information with which to identify contaminant degradation pathways in the field, those involving hydrogen are still lacking for many halogenated groundwater contaminants and degradation pathways. This study investigates for the first time hydrogen isotope fractionation during both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) using five microbial cultures. Transformation-associated isotope fractionation values (εbulkH) were -115 ± 18‰ (aerobic C-H bond oxidation), -34 ± 4‰ and -38 ± 4‰ (aerobic C-Cl bond cleavage via hydrolytic dehalogenation), and -57 ± 3‰ and -77 ± 9‰ (anaerobic C-Cl bond cleavage via reductive dihaloelimination). The dual-element C-H isotope approach (ΛC-H = Δδ2H/Δδ13C ≈ εbulkH/εbulkC, where Δδ2H and Δδ13C are changes in isotope ratios during degradation) resulted in clearly different ΛC-H values: 28 ± 4 (oxidation), 0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 (hydrolytic dehalogenation), and 1.76 ± 0.05 and 3.5 ± 0.1 (dihaloelimination). This result highlights the potential of this approach to identify 1,2-DCA degradation pathways in the field. In addition, distinct trends were also observed in a multi- (i.e., Δδ2H versus Δδ37Cl versus Δδ13C) isotope plot, which opens further possibilities for pathway identification in future field studies. This is crucial information to understand the mechanisms controlling natural attenuation of 1,2-DCA and to design appropriate strategies to enhance biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Palau
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, and Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc. , Waterloo, Ontario N2 V 1Z5, Canada
| | - Siti Hatijah Mortan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carrer de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Monica Rosell
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carrer de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David L Freedman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ramon Aravena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Heckel B, Cretnik S, Kliegman S, Shouakar-Stash O, McNeill K, Elsner M. Reductive Outer-Sphere Single Electron Transfer Is an Exception Rather than the Rule in Natural and Engineered Chlorinated Ethene Dehalogenation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9663-9673. [PMID: 28727446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated ethenes (CEs) such as perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene are notorious groundwater contaminants. Although reductive dehalogenation is key to their environmental and engineered degradation, underlying reaction mechanisms remain elusive. Outer-sphere reductive single electron transfer (OS-SET) has been proposed for such different processes as Vitamin B12-dependent biodegradation and zerovalent metal-mediated dehalogenation. Compound-specific isotope effect (13C/12C, 37Cl/35Cl) analysis offers a new opportunity to test these hypotheses. Defined OS-SET model reactants (CO2 radical anions, S2--doped graphene oxide in water) caused strong carbon (εC = -7.9‰ to -11.9‰), but negligible chlorine isotope effects (εCl = -0.12‰ to 0.04‰) in CEs. Greater chlorine isotope effects were observed in CHCl3 (εC = -7.7‰, εCl = -2.6‰), and in CEs when the exergonicity of C-Cl bond cleavage was reduced in an organic solvent (reaction with arene radical anions in glyme). Together, this points to dissociative OS-SET (SET to a σ* orbital concerted with C-Cl breakage) in alkanes compared to stepwise OS-SET (SET to a π* orbital followed by C-Cl cleavage) in ethenes. The nonexistent chlorine isotope effects of chlorinated ethenes in all aqueous OS-SET experiments contrast strongly with pronounced Cl isotope fractionation in all natural and engineered reductive dehalogenations reported to date suggesting that OS-SET is an exception rather than the rule in environmental transformations of chlorinated ethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heckel
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Cretnik
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kliegman
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges , Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Liu N, Li H, Li M, Ding L, Weng CH, Dong CD. Oxygen exposure effects on the dechlorinating activities of a trichloroethene-dechlorination microbial consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 240:98-105. [PMID: 28274623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of the presence of oxygen on the dechlorination of trichloroethene by a microbial consortium containing D. mccartyi. The 16S rRNA and reductive dechlorination genes of the functional bacteria and the non-dechlorinators were monitored. Exposing the consortium to oxygen altered the overall biotransformation rate of the dechlorination process, biotransformation processes prolonged with oxygen concentrations changing from 0 to 7.2mg/L, however, trichloroethylene was eventually dechlorinated to ethene. The qPCR analyses revealed that the D. mccartyi strains containing the tceA gene were less sensitive to exposure to oxygen than were the D. mccartyi strains containing the vcrA gene. High-throughput sequencing by Illumina MiSeq indicated that the non-dechlorinating organisms were probably crucial to scavenge the oxygen to protect D. mccartyi from being damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environment Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Longzhen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chih-Huang Weng
- Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84008, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environment Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
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39
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Ji L, Wang C, Ji S, Kepp KP, Paneth P. Mechanism of Cobalamin-Mediated Reductive Dehalogenation of Chloroethylenes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- College
of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College
of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shujing Ji
- College
of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kasper P. Kepp
- DTU
Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 206, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Torrentó C, Palau J, Rodríguez-Fernández D, Heckel B, Meyer A, Domènech C, Rosell M, Soler A, Elsner M, Hunkeler D. Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation Patterns Associated with Different Engineered Chloroform Transformation Reactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6174-6184. [PMID: 28482655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To use compound-specific isotope analysis for confidently assessing organic contaminant attenuation in the environment, isotope fractionation patterns associated with different transformation mechanisms must first be explored in laboratory experiments. To deliver this information for the common groundwater contaminant chloroform (CF), this study investigated for the first time both carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation for three different engineered reactions: oxidative C-H bond cleavage using heat-activated persulfate, transformation under alkaline conditions (pH ∼ 12) and reductive C-Cl bond cleavage by cast zerovalent iron, Fe(0). Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation values were -8 ± 1‰ and -0.44 ± 0.06‰ for oxidation, -57 ± 5‰ and -4.4 ± 0.4‰ for alkaline hydrolysis (pH 11.84 ± 0.03), and -33 ± 11‰ and -3 ± 1‰ for dechlorination, respectively. Carbon and chlorine apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEs) were in general agreement with expected mechanisms (C-H bond cleavage in oxidation by persulfate, C-Cl bond cleavage in Fe(0)-mediated reductive dechlorination and E1CB elimination mechanism during alkaline hydrolysis) where a secondary AKIECl (1.00045 ± 0.00004) was observed for oxidation. The different dual carbon-chlorine (Δδ13C vs Δδ37Cl) isotope patterns for oxidation by thermally activated persulfate and alkaline hydrolysis (17 ± 2 and 13.0 ± 0.8, respectively) vs reductive dechlorination by Fe(0) (8 ± 2) establish a base to identify and quantify these CF degradation mechanisms in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Torrentó
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, Université de Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí Franques s/n, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Palau
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, Université de Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí Franques s/n, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Fernández
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí Franques s/n, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Heckel
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Armin Meyer
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Domènech
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí Franques s/n, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí Franques s/n, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Martí Franques s/n, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, Université de Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Palau J, Yu R, Hatijah Mortan S, Shouakar-Stash O, Rosell M, Freedman DL, Sbarbati C, Fiorenza S, Aravena R, Marco-Urrea E, Elsner M, Soler A, Hunkeler D. Distinct Dual C-Cl Isotope Fractionation Patterns during Anaerobic Biodegradation of 1,2-Dichloroethane: Potential To Characterize Microbial Degradation in the Field. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2685-2694. [PMID: 28192987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates, for the first time, dual C-Cl isotope fractionation during anaerobic biodegradation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) via dihaloelimination by Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas-containing enrichment cultures. Isotopic fractionation of 1,2-DCA (εbulkC and εbulkCl) for Dehalococcoides (-33.0 ± 0.4‰ and -5.1 ± 0.1‰) and Dehalogenimonas-containing microcosms (-23 ± 2‰ and -12.0 ± 0.8‰) resulted in distinctly different dual element C-Cl isotope correlations (Λ = Δδ13C/Δδ37Cl ≈ εbulkC/εbulkCl), 6.8 ± 0.2 and 1.89 ± 0.02, respectively. Determined isotope effects and detected products suggest that the difference on the obtained Λ values for biodihaloelimination could be associated with a different mode of concerted bond cleavage rather than two different reaction pathways (i.e., stepwise vs concerted). Λ values of 1,2-DCA were, for the first time, determined in two field sites under reducing conditions (2.1 ± 0.1 and 2.2 ± 2.9). They were similar to the one obtained for the Dehalogenimonas-containing microcosms (1.89 ± 0.02) and very different from those reported for aerobic degradation pathways in a previous laboratory study (7.6 ± 0.1 and 0.78 ± 0.03). Thus, this study illustrates the potential of a dual isotope analysis to differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation pathways of 1,2-DCA in the field and suggests that this approach might also be used to characterize dihaloelimination of 1,2-DCA by different bacteria, which needs to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Palau
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina United States
| | - S Hatijah Mortan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carrer de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc., Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2 V 1Z5
| | - M Rosell
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D L Freedman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina United States
| | - C Sbarbati
- Department of Earth Sciences, "Sapienza" University , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S Fiorenza
- Remediation Engineering and Technology, BP America, Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - R Aravena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - E Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carrer de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Heckel B, Rodríguez-Fernández D, Torrentó C, Meyer A, Palau J, Domènech C, Rosell M, Soler A, Hunkeler D, Elsner M. Compound-Specific Chlorine Isotope Analysis of Tetrachloromethane and Trichloromethane by Gas Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry vs Gas Chromatography-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Method Development and Evaluation of Precision and Trueness. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3411-3420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heckel
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Fernández
- Grup
de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament
de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències
de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès,
s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Centre
d’Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie (CHYN), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Armin Meyer
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jordi Palau
- Grup
de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament
de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències
de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès,
s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre
d’Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie (CHYN), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Domènech
- Grup
de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament
de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències
de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès,
s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup
de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament
de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències
de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès,
s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup
de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament
de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències
de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès,
s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre
d’Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie (CHYN), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Ebert KA, Laskov C, Elsner M, Haderlein SB. Calibration bias of experimentally determined chlorine isotope enrichment factors: the need for a two-point calibration in compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:68-74. [PMID: 27689937 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The recent development of compound-specific online chlorine isotope analysis (37 Cl-CSIA) methods has fostered dual chlorine-carbon isotope studies to gain better insights into sources and environmental transformation reactions of chlorinated ethenes. One-point and two-point calibration schemes are currently used to convert raw data to the international δ37 ClSMOC scale, but a critical evaluation of best practices to arrive at reliable δ37 ClSMOC signatures and enrichment factors was missing and is presented here. METHODS Aqueous solutions of neat perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene (TCE) and aqueous samples from a TCE biodegradation experiment with pure cultures of Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 were analysed for their chlorine isotope ratios using GC/qMS and GC/IRMS. The δ37 ClSMOC values were obtained using one-point and two-point calibration schemes. Chlorine isotope enrichment factors, εCl , were calculated using both approaches and the corresponding bias of δ37 ClSMOC values introduced by the different types of calibration was determined. RESULTS Different calibration methods resulted in significant differences (up to 30%) in both δ37 Cl signatures and εCl values. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a two-point calibration together with comprehensive information on reference materials is indispensable and should become standard practice for reliable 37 Cl-CSIA of organic compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Ebert
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Laskov
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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Ivdra N, Fischer A, Herrero-Martin S, Giunta T, Bonifacie M, Richnow HH. Carbon, Hydrogen and Chlorine Stable Isotope Fingerprinting for Forensic Investigations of Hexachlorocyclohexanes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:446-454. [PMID: 27936635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multielemental stable isotope analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has the potential to characterize sources, sinks, and degradation processes in the environment. To verify the applicability of this approach for source identification of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), we provide a data set of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ2H, δ37Cl) of its main stereoisomers (α-, β-, δ- and γ-HCHs) from a sample collection based on worldwide manufacturing. This sample collection comprises production stocks, agricultural and pharmaceutical products, chemical waste dumps, and analytical-grade material, covering the production time period from the late 1960s until now. Stable isotope ratios of HCHs cover the ranges from -233‰ to +1‰, from -35.9‰ to -22.7‰, and from -6.69‰ to +0.54‰ for δ2H, δ13C, and δ37Cl values, respectively. Four groups of samples with distinct multielemental stable isotope fingerprints were differentiated, most probably as a result of purification and isolation processes. No clear temporal trend in the isotope compositions of HCHs was found at the global scale. The multielemental stable isotope fingerprints facilitate the source identification of HCHs at the regional scale and can be used to assess transformation processes. The data set and methodology reported herein provide basic information for the assessment of environmental field sites contaminated with HCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Ivdra
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , D-04318 Leipzig-Halle, Germany
- Isodetect GmbH , D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sara Herrero-Martin
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , D-04318 Leipzig-Halle, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry , Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giunta
- Equipe Géochimie des Isotopes Stables, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS , 75005 Paris, France
| | - Magali Bonifacie
- Equipe Géochimie des Isotopes Stables, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS , 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , D-04318 Leipzig-Halle, Germany
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Clark JA, Stotler RL, Frape SK, Illman WA. Compound-Specific Isotope Analyses to Assess TCE Biodegradation in a Fractured Dolomitic Aquifer. GROUND WATER 2017; 55:88-99. [PMID: 27377471 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential for trichloroethene (TCE) biodegradation in a fractured dolomite aquifer at a former chemical disposal site in Smithville, Ontario, Canada, is assessed using chemical analysis and TCE and cis-DCE compound-specific isotope analysis of carbon and chlorine collected over a 16-month period. Groundwater redox conditions change from suboxic to much more reducing environments within and around the plume, indicating that oxidation of organic contaminants and degradation products is occurring at the study site. TCE and cis-DCE were observed in 13 of 14 wells sampled. VC, ethene, and/or ethane were also observed in ten wells, indicating that partial/full dechlorination has occurred. Chlorine isotopic values (δ37 Cl) range between 1.39 to 4.69‰ SMOC for TCE, and 3.57 to 13.86‰ SMOC for cis-DCE. Carbon isotopic values range between -28.9 and -20.7‰ VPDB for TCE, and -26.5 and -11.8‰ VPDB for cis-DCE. In most wells, isotopic values remained steady over the 15-month study. Isotopic enrichment from TCE to cis-DCE varied between 0 and 13‰ for carbon and 1 and 4‰ for chlorine. Calculated chlorine-carbon isotopic enrichment ratios (ϵCl /ϵC ) were 0.18 for TCE and 0.69 for cis-DCE. Combined, isotopic and chemical data indicate very little dechlorination is occurring near the source zone, but suggest bacterially mediated degradation is occurring closer to the edges of the plume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Clark
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Shaun K Frape
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Walter A Illman
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Chaussonnerie S, Saaidi PL, Ugarte E, Barbance A, Fossey A, Barbe V, Gyapay G, Brüls T, Chevallier M, Couturat L, Fouteau S, Muselet D, Pateau E, Cohen GN, Fonknechten N, Weissenbach J, Le Paslier D. Microbial Degradation of a Recalcitrant Pesticide: Chlordecone. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2025. [PMID: 28066351 PMCID: PMC5167691 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone®) is a synthetic organochlorine insecticide (C10Cl10O) used worldwide mostly during the 1970 and 1980s. Its intensive application in the French West Indies to control the banana black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus led to a massive environmental pollution. Persistence of chlordecone in soils and water for numerous decades even centuries causes global public health and socio-economic concerns. In order to investigate the biodegradability of chlordecone, microbial enrichment cultures from soils contaminated by chlordecone or other organochlorines and from sludge of a wastewater treatment plant have been conducted. Different experimental procedures including original microcosms were carried out anaerobically over long periods of time. GC-MS monitoring resulted in the detection of chlorinated derivatives in several cultures, consistent with chlordecone biotransformation. More interestingly, disappearance of chlordecone (50 μg/mL) in two bacterial consortia was concomitant with the accumulation of a major metabolite of formula C9Cl5H3 (named B1) as well as two minor metabolites C10Cl9HO (named A1) and C9Cl4H4 (named B3). Finally, we report the isolation and the complete genomic sequences of two new Citrobacter isolates, closely related to Citrobacter amalonaticus, and that were capable of reproducing chlordecone transformation. Further characterization of these Citrobacter strains should yield deeper insights into the mechanisms involved in this transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Chaussonnerie
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Edgardo Ugarte
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Agnès Barbance
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Aurélie Fossey
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Génomique Evry, France
| | - Gabor Gyapay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Génomique Evry, France
| | - Thomas Brüls
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Marion Chevallier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Loïc Couturat
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Stéphanie Fouteau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Génomique Evry, France
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Emilie Pateau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | | | - Nuria Fonknechten
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Jean Weissenbach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
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Vogt C, Dorer C, Musat F, Richnow HH. Multi-element isotope fractionation concepts to characterize the biodegradation of hydrocarbons — from enzymes to the environment. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nijenhuis I, Richnow HH. Stable isotope fractionation concepts for characterizing biotransformation of organohalides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:108-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kuntze K, Kozell A, Richnow HH, Halicz L, Nijenhuis I, Gelman F. Dual Carbon-Bromine Stable Isotope Analysis Allows Distinguishing Transformation Pathways of Ethylene Dibromide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9855-9863. [PMID: 27526716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated dual carbon-bromine isotope fractionation of the common groundwater contaminant ethylene dibromide (EDB) during chemical and biological transformations, including aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, alkaline hydrolysis, Fenton-like degradation, debromination by Zn(0) and reduced corrinoids. Significantly different correlation of carbon and bromine isotope fractionation (ΛC/Br) was observed not only for the processes following different transformation pathways, but also for abiotic and biotic processes with, the presumed, same formal chemical degradation mechanism. The studied processes resulted in a wide range of ΛC/Br values: ΛC/Br = 30.1 was observed for hydrolysis of EDB in alkaline solution; ΛC/Br between 4.2 and 5.3 were determined for dibromoelimination pathway with reduced corrinoids and Zn(0) particles; EDB biodegradation by Ancylobacter aquaticus and Sulfurospirillum multivorans resulted in ΛC/Br = 10.7 and 2.4, respectively; Fenton-like degradation resulted in carbon isotope fractionation only, leading to ΛC/Br ∞. Calculated carbon apparent kinetic isotope effects ((13)C-AKIE) fell with 1.005 to 1.035 within expected ranges according to the theoretical KIE, however, biotic transformations resulted in weaker carbon isotope effects than respective abiotic transformations. Relatively large bromine isotope effects with (81)Br-AKIE of 1.0012-1.002 and 1.0021-1.004 were observed for nucleophilic substitution and dibromoelimination, respectively, and reveal so far underestimated strong bromine isotope effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kuntze
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Kozell
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw , 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
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Zakon Y, Halicz L, Lev O, Gelman F. Compound-specific bromine isotope ratio analysis using gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1951-1956. [PMID: 27501429 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brominated organic compounds (BOCs) are common persistent toxic pollutants. Compound-specific stable bromine isotope ratio analysis is one of the potential approaches for investigating BOC transformations in the environment. In the present study, we demonstrate that precise bromine isotope analysis of BOCs can be successfully performed by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/qMS) systems that are widely available in analytical laboratories. METHODS Optimization and validation of the GC/qMS method were performed by analysis of bromoform, 3-bromophenol and 4-bromotoluene. In addition, comparison of the results obtained by GC/qMS and GC/multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) for 1,2-dibromoethane and 3-bromophenol samples with different bromine isotope composition was carried out to evaluate the analytical performance of the developed method. RESULTS Precisions in the range 0.2-0.3‰ were attained for sample amounts in the range of tens to thousands pmol. Good correlation between the results obtained by GC/qMS and GC/MC-ICPMS for laboratory standard materials (1,2-dibromoethane and 3-bromophenol) (regression coefficient R(2) > 0.98) was achieved. CONCLUSIONS The GC/qMS method for bromine isotope analysis shows a good performance and can be applied routinely for studying transformations of BOCs. Due to the observed dependence of the measured isotope ratios on the amount of the analyte and the calculation scheme applied, normalization of the results versus appropriate standards is required for source attribution applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeni Zakon
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ovadia Lev
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
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