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Neira C, Mendoza GF, Bradley A, Gossett R, Rouse GW, Levin LA. Waste barrel contamination and macrobenthic communities in the San Pedro Basin DDT dumpsite. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116463. [PMID: 38776641 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Industrial waste barrels were discarded from 1947 to 1961 at a DDT dumpsite in the San Pedro Basin (SPB) in southern California, USA at ~890 m. The barrels were studied for effects on sediment concentrations of DDX, PCBs, PAHs and sediment properties, and on benthic macrofaunal assemblages, including metazoan meiofaunal taxa >0.3 mm. DDX concentration was highest in the 2-6 cm fraction of the 10-cm deep cores studied but exhibited no correlation with macrofaunal density, composition or diversity. Macrofaunal diversity was lowest and distinct in sediments within discolored halos surrounding the barrels. Low macrobenthos density and diversity, high dominance by Entoprocta, and numerical prevalence of large nematodes may result from the very low oxygen concentrations in bottom waters (< 4.4 μM). There is potential for macrofauna to remobilize DDX into the water column and ultimately the food web in the SPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neira
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America.
| | - Guillermo F Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America
| | - Angelica Bradley
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America
| | - Richard Gossett
- Physis Environmental Laboratories, 1904 E. Wright Circle, Anaheim, CA 92806-6028, United States of America
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206, United States of America
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2
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van der Most MA, Bakker W, Wesseling S, van den Brink NW. Toxicokinetics of the Antidepressant Fluoxetine and Its Active Metabolite Norfluoxetine in Caenorhabditis elegans and Their Comparative Potency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38343161 PMCID: PMC10882974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable model for ecotoxicological research, yet limited attention has been given to understanding how it absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes chemicals. This is crucial for C. elegans because the organism is known to have strong uptake barriers that are known to be susceptible to potential confounding effects of the presence of Escherichia coli as a food source. One frequently studied compound in C. elegans is the antidepressant fluoxetine, which has an active metabolite norfluoxetine. In this study, we evaluated the toxicokinetics and relative potency of norfluoxetine and fluoxetine in chemotaxis and activity tests. Toxicokinetics experiments were conducted with varying times, concentrations of fluoxetine, and in the absence or presence of E. coli, simulated with a one-compartment model. Our findings demonstrate that C. elegans can take up fluoxetine and convert it into norfluoxetine. Norfluoxetine proved slightly more potent and had a longer elimination half-life. The bioconcentration factor, uptake, and elimination rate constants depended on exposure levels, duration, and the presence of E. coli in the exposure medium. These findings expand our understanding of toxicokinetic modeling in C. elegans for different exposure scenarios, underlining the importance of considering norfluoxetine formation in exposure and bioactivity assessments of fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel A van der Most
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bakker
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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3
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Höss S, Sanders D, van Egmond R. Determining the toxicity of organic compounds to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans based on aqueous concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96290-96300. [PMID: 37567994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used for assessing the toxicity of chemicals in aqueous medium. However, chemicals can absorb to the bacterial food, which reduces the freely dissolved concentrations of the tested compounds. Thus, based on total or nominal concentrations, toxicity is underestimated, resulting in misleading assumptions on toxicity mechanisms or comparisons to other test organisms. As the verification of freely dissolved exposure concentrations (Cfree) is challenging in small test systems, simple partitioning models might by a good option for estimating Cfree. Therefore, C. elegans was exposed to seven differently acting organic chemicals with varying hydrophobicities, thus also different affinities to bind to the food of C. elegans. Measured concentrations of the dissolved aqueous and the bacterial-bound fraction allowed the calculation of binding constants (Kb). Experimental Kb were comparable to literature data of hydrophobic chemicals and correlated well with their hydrophobicity, expressed as log KOW. The chronic toxicity of the various compounds on C. elegans' reproduction, based on their aqueous concentration, was weakly related to their log KOW. Toxicity expressed based on chemical activity and comparisons with a baseline toxicity model, nevertheless, suggested a narcotic mode of action for most hydrophobic compounds (except methylisothiazolinone and trichlorocarbanilide). Although revealing a similar toxicity ranking than Daphnia magna, C. elegans was less sensitive, probably due to its ability to reduce its internal concentrations by means of its very impermeable cuticle or by efficient detoxification mechanisms. It could be shown that measured aqueous concentrations in the nematode test system corresponded well with freely dissolved concentrations that were modeled using simple mass-balance models from nominal concentrations. This offers the possibility to estimate freely dissolved concentrations of chemicals from nominal concentrations, making routine testing of chemicals and their comparison to other species more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sanders
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Roger van Egmond
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
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4
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Dong W, Liu Y, Hou J, Zhang J, Xu J, Yang K, Zhu L, Lin D. Nematodes Degrade Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes by Secreting DNase II Encoded by the nuc-1 Gene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12042-12052. [PMID: 37523858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation performance and mechanism of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) by nematodes using batch degradation experiments, mutant strain validation, and phylogenetic tree construction. Caenorhabditis elegans, a representative nematode, effectively degraded approximately 99.999% of eARGs (tetM and kan) in 84 h and completely deactivated them within a few hours. Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) II encoded by nuc-1 in the excretory and secretory products of nematodes was the primary mechanism. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated the widespread presence of homologs of the NUC-1 protein in other nematodes, such as Caenorhabditis remanei and Caenorhabditis brenneri, whose capabilities of degrading eARGs were then experimentally confirmed. C. elegans remained effective in degrading eARGs under the effects of natural organic matter (5, 10, and 20 mg/L, 5.26-6.22 log degradation), cation (2.0 mM Mg2+ and 2.5 mM Ca2+, 5.02-5.04 log degradation), temperature conditions (1, 20, and 30 °C, 1.21-5.26 log degradation), and in surface water and wastewater samples (4.78 and 3.23 log degradation, respectively). These findings highlight the pervasive but neglected role of nematodes in the natural decay of eARGs and provide novel approaches for antimicrobial resistance mitigation biotechnology by introducing nematodes to wastewater, sludge, and biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
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5
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Ye L, Ding X, Liu C, Ruan F, Zhong H, Lv R, Yu Y, He C, Zuo Z, Huang J. The hepatoprotective effects of Herbt Tea Essences on phenanthrene-induced liver damage in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114899. [PMID: 37060801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe), one of the most frequently occurring pollutants in nature, can cause substantial damage to the human liver. Herbt Tea Essences (HTE), a kind of black tea extract with strong anti-inflammatory activity, can protect humans against disease. Currently, whether HTE can protect the liver from Phe-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, we explore the protective effects of HTE against Phe-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that Phe exposure could significantly induce liver damage and increase serum hepatic enzyme levels in mice. HTE could prevent liver damage and recover the expression levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, we found that HTE suppressed the excessive activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B and transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling pathways to alleviate Phe-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis. Overall, our data showed that HTE treatment could be a new preventive means for Phe-induced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fengkai Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hongbin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rongfu Lv
- Xiamen Herbt Biotechnology Company Limited, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Jiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang'an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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6
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Karengera A, Sterken MG, Kammenga JE, Riksen JAG, Dinkla IJT, Murk AJ. Differential expression of genes in C. elegans reveals transcriptional responses to indirect-acting xenobiotic compounds and insensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113344. [PMID: 35219257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established model organism for toxicity testing of chemical substances. We recently demonstrated its potential for bioanalysis of the toxic potency of chemical contaminants in water. While many detoxification genes are homologues to those in mammalians, C. elegans is reported to be deficient in cytochrome CYP1-like P450 metabolism and that its aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) homolog encoded by ahr-1 purportedly does not interact with dioxins or any other known xenobiotic ligand. This suggests that C. elegans is insensitive for compounds that require bioactivation (indirectly acting compounds) and for dioxins or dioxin-like compounds. This study analysed genome-wide gene expression of the nematode in response to 30 μM of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), Aroclor 1254 (PCB1254), and 10 μM of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). After 24 h of exposure in the early L4 larval stage, microarray analysis revealed 182, 86, and 321 differentially expressed genes in the nematodes treated with 30 μM of AFB1, B(a)P, and PCB1254, respectively. Among these genes, many encode xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and their transcription levels were among the highest-ranked fold-changed genes. Interestingly, only one gene (F59B1.8) was upregulated in the nematodes exposed to 10 μM TCDD. Genes related to metabolic processes and catalytic activity were the most induced by exposure to 30 μM of AFB1, B(a)P, and PCB1254. Despite the genotoxic nature of AFB1 and B(a)P, no differential expression was found in the genes encoding DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins. Analysis of concentration-response curves was performed to determine the Lowest Observed Transcriptomic Effect Levels (LOTEL) of AFB1, B(a)P, and PCB1254. The obtained LOTEL values showed that gene expression changes in C. elegans are more sensitive to toxicants than reproductive effects. Overall, transcriptional responses of metabolic enzymes suggest that the nematode does metabolize AFB1, B(a)P, and PCB1254. Our findings also support the assumption that the transcription factor AhR homolog in C. elegans does not bind typical xenobiotic ligands, rendering the nematode transcriptionally insensitive to TCDD effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Karengera
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Marine Animal Ecology Group, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G Sterken
- Wageningen University, Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Nematology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan E Kammenga
- Wageningen University, Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Nematology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost A G Riksen
- Wageningen University, Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Nematology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inez J T Dinkla
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Marine Animal Ecology Group, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Hartman JH, Widmayer SJ, Bergemann CM, King DE, Morton KS, Romersi RF, Jameson LE, Leung MCK, Andersen EC, Taubert S, Meyer JN. Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2021; 24:51-94. [PMID: 33616007 PMCID: PMC7958427 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a major model in biomedical and environmental toxicology. Numerous papers on toxicology and pharmacology in C. elegans have been published, and this species has now been adopted by investigators in academic toxicology, pharmacology, and drug discovery labs. C. elegans has also attracted the interest of governmental regulatory agencies charged with evaluating the safety of chemicals. However, a major, fundamental aspect of toxicological science remains underdeveloped in C. elegans: xenobiotic metabolism and transport processes that are critical to understanding toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, and extrapolation to other species. The aim of this review was to initially briefly describe the history and trajectory of the use of C. elegans in toxicological and pharmacological studies. Subsequently, physical barriers to chemical uptake and the role of the worm microbiome in xenobiotic transformation were described. Then a review of what is and is not known regarding the classic Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III processes was performed. In addition, the following were discussed (1) regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; (2) review of published toxicokinetics for specific chemicals; and (3) genetic diversity of these processes in C. elegans. Finally, worm xenobiotic transport and metabolism was placed in an evolutionary context; key areas for future research highlighted; and implications for extrapolating C. elegans toxicity results to other species discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel J Widmayer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Dillon E King
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine S Morton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Riccardo F Romersi
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura E Jameson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University - West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Maxwell C K Leung
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University - West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Dept. Of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, the University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Wang H, Xia X, Wang Z, Liu R, Muir DCG, Wang WX. Contribution of Dietary Uptake to PAH Bioaccumulation in a Simplified Pelagic Food Chain: Modeling the Influences of Continuous vs Intermittent Feeding in Zooplankton and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1930-1940. [PMID: 33448220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary uptake is important for trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the freshwater pelagic ecosystem. In this study, we hypothesized that both the dietary uptake rate and interval significantly influenced its relative contribution to bioaccumulation. We developed a toxicokinetic model framework for the bioaccumulation of deuterated PAHs (PAHs-d10) in aquatic organisms considering different feeding intervals ranging from none for phytoplankton to approximately continuous for zooplankton to discrete for fish and built a simple artificial freshwater pelagic food chain composed of algae Chlorella vulgaris, zooplankton Daphnia magna, and zebrafish. We conducted bioaccumulation experiments and simulations for Daphnia magna and zebrafish under different algal densities based on our model. The results showed that intermittent feeding led to a large fluctuation in the PAH-d10 concentrations in zebrafish compared to a leveled-off pattern in Daphnia magna because of approximately continuous feeding. Trophic dilution of PAHs-d10 occurred in the food chain when there was waterborne-only uptake, but dietary uptake largely mitigated its extent that depended on dietary uptake rates. The assimilation efficiency, dietary uptake rate, and its relative contribution to bioaccumulation of PAHs-d10 in zebrafish were all higher than those in Daphnia magna, suggesting that dietary uptake played a more important role in bioaccumulation of PAHs at higher trophic-level organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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9
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Rauchschwalbe MT, Fueser H, Traunspurger W, Höss S. Bacterial consumption by nematodes is disturbed by the presence of polystyrene beads: The roles of food dilution and pharyngeal pumping. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116471. [PMID: 33460876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) released into freshwaters from anthropogenic sources accumulate in sediments, where they may pose an environmental threat to benthic organisms, such as nematodes. Several studies have examined the effects of nano- and microplastics on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, whereas reduced food availability was suggested as a possible explanation for the observed inhibitory effects. Therefore, this study should clarify whether micro-beads of different sizes (1.0 and 6.0 μm in diameter) and materials (polystyrene PS, silica) are able to interfere with the feeding of C. elegans on its bacterial diet (Escherichia coli), and, by this, lowering its consumption rate within 7 h of exposure. Moreover, it was examined whether an inhibited bacterial consumption was caused by a reduction of the nematode's pumping rate, as a primary indicator of food ingestion. Bacterial consumption by C. elegans was significantly decreased in the presence of 1.0- and 6.0-μm PS beads (49-67% lower bacterial consumption compared to control), whereas in the presence of 1.0-μm silica beads feeding was not impeded. Interestingly, the pumping rate was significantly lower in the presence of non-ingestible 6.0-μm PS beads with 161 ± 16 pumps min-1, while it was largely unchanged for nematodes exposed to ingestible 1.0-μm PS beads with 205 ± 12 pumps min-1, compared to control conditions with 210 ± 18 pumps min-1, respectively. As reduced bacterial consumption leads to generally lower energy reserves in C. elegans, these results allow to link observed inhibitory effects of MPs on the nematodes to a lower food availability. Such indirect, food-web related, effects of MPs should raise concern of ecological consequences in natural habitats, where temporal food deficiencies can occur. Consequently, disturbances in food availability and feeding efficiency should be regarded as important parameters in environmental risk assessments focusing on MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrik Fueser
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany; Ecossa, Giselastr.6, 82319, Starnberg, Germany
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10
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Ashok A, Kottuparambil S, Høj L, Negri AP, Duarte CM, Agustí S. Accumulation of 13C-labelled phenanthrene in phytoplankton and transfer to corals resolved using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110511. [PMID: 32247239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread pollutants in marine ecosystems including threatened and potentially sensitive coral reefs. Lower organisms such as phytoplankton, known to bioconcentrate PAHs, could serve as potential entry points for these chemicals into higher trophic levels. Here, we present a novel method using a 13C-labelled PAH and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to investigate accumulation, uptake rates and trophic transfer of PAHs in corals, which are key organisms to sustain biodiversity in tropical seas. We quantified the accumulation of 13C-phenanthrene in the marine microalga Dunaliella salina, and in the coral Acropora millepora after diffusive uptake from seawater or dietary uptake via labelled D. salina. Additionally, we monitored the photophysiological health of D. salina and A. millepora during phenanthrene exposure by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Dose-dependent accumulation of 13C-phenanthrene in the microalga showed a mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2590 ± 787 L kg-1 dry weight. Corals accumulated phenanthrene from both exposure routes. While uptake of 13C-phenanthrene in corals was faster through aqueous exposure than dietary exposure, passive diffusion showed larger variability between individuals and both routes resulted in accumulation of similar concentrations of phenanthrene. The 13C-PAH labelling and analysis by CRDS proved to be a highly sensitive method. The use of stable isotopic label eliminated additional toxicity and risks by radioactive isotopic-labelling, and CRDS reduced the analytical complexity of PAH (less biomass, no extraction, fast analysis). The simultaneous, precise quantification of both carbon content and 13C/12C ratio (δ13C) enabled accurate determination of 13C-phenanthrene accumulation and uptake rate. This is the first study to provide empirical evidence for accumulation of phenanthrene in a phytoplankton-coral food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ashok
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sreejith Kottuparambil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lone Høj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agustí
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Molbert N, Alliot F, Leroux-Coyau M, Médoc V, Biard C, Meylan S, Jacquin L, Santos R, Goutte A. Potential Benefits of Acanthocephalan Parasites for Chub Hosts in Polluted Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5540-5549. [PMID: 32267695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some parasites are expected to have beneficial impacts on wild populations in polluted environments because of their bioaccumulation potential of pollutants from their hosts. The fate of organic micropollutants in host-parasite systems and the combined effect of parasitism and pollution were investigated in chub Squalius cephalus, a freshwater fish, infected (n = 73) or uninfected (n = 45) by acanthocephalan parasites Pomphorhynchus sp. from differently contaminated riverine sites. Several ubiquitous pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, insecticides, pyrethroids, and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)) and some of their metabolites were characterized for the first time in parasites and various fish matrices (muscle, liver, and stomach content). Most organic pollutants reached higher levels in parasites than in chub matrices. In contrast, metabolite levels were lower in parasite tissues compared to fish matrices. Infected and uninfected chub exhibited no significant differences in their pollutant load. Body condition, organo-somatic indices, and immunity were not affected by parasitism, and few correlations were found with chemical pollution. Interestingly, infected chub exhibited lower oxidative damage compared to uninfected fish, irrespective of their pollutant load. In light of these results, this correlative study supports the hypothesis that acanthocephalan parasites could bring benefits to their hosts to cope with organic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Leroux-Coyau
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Médoc
- Equipe Neuro Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR 9197, Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne, F-42100 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Clotilde Biard
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique EDB, UMR 5174, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; UPS; CNRS; IRD, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Santos
- Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
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12
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Yang YF, Chen CY, Lu TH, Liao CM. Impact of consumer-resource dynamics on C. elegans-E. coli system exposed to nano zero-valent iron (nZVI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4206-4218. [PMID: 31823272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is one of the most paramount nanoparticles (NPs) applied in environmental remediation, leading to great concerns for the potential impacts on soil ecosystem health. The objective of this study was to link toxicokinetics and consumer-resource dynamics in the Caenorhabditis elegans-Escherichia coli (worm-bacteria) ecosystem. The biokinetic parameters of bacteria and worms were obtained from toxicokinetic experiments and related published literature. Biomass dynamics of bacteria and worms were estimated by employing the modified Lotka-Volterra model. Dynamics of bacteria and worm biomass, internal concentrations of nZVI, bioconcentration factors (BCFs), and biomagnification factors (BMFs) were simulated based on the consumer-resource dynamics. Results showed that the biomass of worms steadily increased from 22.25 to 291.49 g L-1, whereas the biomass of bacteria decreased from 17.17 to 4.70 × 10-8 g L-1 after 96-h exposures of nZVI. We also observed ratios of nZVI concentrations in worms and bacteria increased from 0.06 to 26.60 after 96 h. Moreover, decrements of the bioconcentration factor of E. coli (BCFE) values from 0.82 to 0.03 after 96 h were observed, whereas values of BMFs increased from 0.06 to 57.62 after 96 h. Internal concentrations of nZVI in worms were found to be mainly influenced by the ingestion rate of bacteria by worms, and the biomass conversion of bacteria had the lowest effect. Implementation of the integrated bioaccumulation-consumer-resource model supports the hypothesis that the C. elegans-E. coli dynamics of internal nZVI concentrations could be effectively associated with the predator-prey behavior and was dominated by the same physiological parameter in the two biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fei Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tien-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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13
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Wang H, Xia X, Liu R, Wang Z, Lin X, Muir DCG, Wang WX. Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Modeling of Discrete Dietary and Continuous Waterborne Uptake of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Zebrafish Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1054-1065. [PMID: 31841317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a multicompartmental toxicokinetic model for two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and anthracene) in their deuterated form (PAHs-d10) in zebrafish considering continuous waterborne uptake and discrete dietary uptake. We quantified the bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and depuration of these two PAHs-d10 in zebrafish, and then estimated the kinetic parameters by fitting the model into the experimental data. The experimental and fitting results both showed that there was a peak concentration in each compartment of zebrafish after every dietary uptake, while the peak value depended on the ingestion amount of the PAH-d10 and varied among different compartments. The PAH-d10 amount in the blood reached 20-27% of the total amount bioaccumulated in zebrafish at steady-state, followed by skin (20-26%), and fillet (16-22%). The rank of PAH-d10 steady-state concentrations in each compartment showed inconsistency with its lipid contents, indicating that the distribution of the PAHs-d10 in zebrafish was not merely affected by the lipid content in each compartment, but also affected by their kinetics and biotransformation. This study suggests that discrete dietary uptake caused by intermittent food ingestion significantly affects the bioaccumulation of PAHs in fish. Further studies are needed to investigate such effect on other toxicants that are more resistant to biotransformation than PAHs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Mathematics , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SWT 802 , China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , China
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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14
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Martinez JG, Quiobe SP, Moens T. Effects of Mercury (Hg) on Soil Nematodes: A Microcosm Approach. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:421-431. [PMID: 31292676 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), one of the most toxic heavy metals, is commonly used in the gold extraction process in small-scale mining operations in many countries. Our previous field work on the impact of mining on soil nematode assemblages in a small-scale mining area in Sibutad, the Philippines, revealed no significant negative effects despite sometimes strongly elevated Hg concentrations. Using a microcosm approach, we now applied similar Hg concentrations as commonly found in these field sites (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg Hg) and determined their impact on nematode assemblages from a different soil with different physicochemical soil attributes. Our results demonstrate (a) limited "bottling" effects (incubation effects) after a 45-day incubation period: a nematode abundance decrease of up to 37%, but absence of significant differences in diversity and nematode assemblage composition; (b) that total nematode abundance already decreased at Hg concentrations (2.5 mg/kg), which did not yield significant impacts on other nematode assemblage descriptors, such as assemblage composition and different diversity indices; and (c) that the Hg concentrations found in the Sibutad field sites can be detrimental to soil nematode assemblages. The discrepancy between our microcosm and the field-based results is probably related to differences in physicochemical soil attributes (e.g., OM contents, soil pH), which suggests that nematode-based environmental assessments should be interpreted in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Genevieve Martinez
- Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan, Philippines.
- Complex Systems Group, Prime Research Institute of Science and Mathematics (PRISM), MSU-IIT, Iligan, Philippines.
| | - Shiela Pearl Quiobe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan, Philippines
| | - Tom Moens
- Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Weinhouse C, Truong L, Meyer JN, Allard P. Caenorhabditis elegans as an emerging model system in environmental epigenetics. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:560-575. [PMID: 30091255 PMCID: PMC6113102 DOI: 10.1002/em.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The roundworm Caenorhabitis elegans has been an established model organism for the study of genetics and developmental biology, including studies of transcriptional regulation, since the 1970s. This model organism has continued to be used as a classical model system as the field of transcriptional regulation has expanded to include scientific advances in epigenetics and chromatin biology. In the last several decades, C. elegans has emerged as a powerful model for environmental toxicology, particularly for the study of chemical genotoxicity. Here, we outline the utility and applicability of C. elegans as a powerful model organism for mechanistic studies of environmental influences on the epigenome. Our goal in this article is to inform the field of environmental epigenetics of the strengths and limitations of the well-established C. elegans model organism as an emerging model for medium-throughput, in vivo exploration of the role of exogenous chemical stimuli in transcriptional regulation, developmental epigenetic reprogramming, and epigenetic memory and inheritance. As the field of environmental epigenetics matures, and research begins to map mechanisms underlying observed associations, new toolkits and model systems, particularly manipulable, scalable in vivo systems that accurately model human transcriptional regulatory circuits, will provide an essential experimental bridge between in vitro biochemical experiments and mammalian model systems. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:560-575, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lisa Truong
- UCLA Human Genetics and Genomic Analysis Training Program, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Allard
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Bielská L, Kah M, Sigmund G, Hofmann T, Höss S. Bioavailability and toxicity of pyrene in soils upon biochar and compost addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:132-140. [PMID: 28384569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the role of biochar and/or compost in mitigating the toxic effects of pyrene in soils using reproduction of nematodes and porewater concentration as measures of pyrene toxicity and bioavailability, respectively. Two soils were spiked with increasing levels of pyrene to achieve a concentration-response relationship for the reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. The observed EC50 values (pyrene concentration causing 50% inhibition of reproduction) were 14mg/kg and 31mg/kg (dry mass) for these soils, corresponding to equilibrium porewater concentrations of 37μg/L and 47μg/L, respectively. Differences in organic carbon content were not sufficient to explain the variability in toxicity between the different soils. Soils causing a significant inhibition of reproduction were further amended with 10%-compost, 5%-biochar, or both, and the effects on reproduction and porewater concentration determined. Combined addition of compost and biochar was identified as the most effective strategy in reducing pyrene concentration in soil porewater, which was also partly reflected in soil toxicity. However, porewater concentrations predicted only 52% of pyrene toxicity to nematodes, pointing to particle-bound or dietary exposure pathways. Capsule: Amending pyrene-spiked soil with biochar and compost effectively reduced pyrene porewater concentrations and toxicity to nematodes, which were significantly related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bielská
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Melanie Kah
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Institute of Biodiversity - Network, Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059 Regensburg, Germany; Ecossa, Giselastr. 6, 82319 Starnberg, Germany.
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17
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Yang YF, Lin YJ, Liao CM. Toxicity-based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic assessment of bioaccumulation and nanotoxicity of zerovalent iron nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4607-4621. [PMID: 28721038 PMCID: PMC5500513 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the relationships between the toxicity-based-toxicokinetic (TBTK)/toxicodynamic (TD) properties of engineered nanomaterials and their nanotoxicity is crucial for human health-risk analysis. Zerovalent iron (Fe0) nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most prominent NPs applied in remediating contaminated soils and groundwater. However, there are concerns that Fe0NP application contributes to long-term environmental and human health impacts. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a surrogate in vivo model that has been successfully applied to assess the potential nanotoxicity of these nanomaterials. Here we present a TBTK/TD approach to appraise bioaccumulation and nanotoxicity of Fe0NPs in C. elegans. Built on a present C. elegans bioassay with estimated TBTK/TD parameters, we found that average bioconcentration factors in C. elegans exposed to waterborne and food-borne Fe0NPs were ~50 and ~5×10-3, respectively, whereas 10% inhibition concentrations for fertility, locomotion, and development, were 1.26 (95% CI 0.19-5.2), 3.84 (0.38-42), and 6.78 (2.58-21) μg·g-1, respectively, implicating that fertility is the most sensitive endpoint in C. elegans. Our results also showed that biomagnification effects were not observed in waterborne or food-borne Fe0NP-exposed worms. We suggest that the TBTK/TD assessment for predicting NP-induced toxicity at different concentrations and conditions in C. elegans could enable rapid selection of nanomaterials that are more likely to be nontoxic in larger animals. We conclude that the use of the TBTK/TD scheme manipulating C. elegans could be used for rapid evaluation of in vivo toxicity of NPs or for drug screening in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fei Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Fischer F, Böhm L, Höss S, Möhlenkamp C, Claus E, Düring RA, Schäfer S. Passive Dosing in Chronic Toxicity Tests with the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9708-9716. [PMID: 27494096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In chronic toxicity tests with Caenorhabditis elegans, it is necessary to feed the nematode with bacteria, which reduces the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), leading to poorly defined exposure with conventional dosing procedures. We examined the efficacy of passive dosing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using silicone O-rings to control exposure during C. elegans toxicity testing and compared the results to those obtained with solvent spiking. Solid-phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction were used to measure Cfree and the chemicals taken up via ingestion. During toxicity testing, Cfree decreased by up to 89% after solvent spiking but remained constant with passive dosing. This led to a higher apparent toxicity on C. elegans exposed by passive dosing than by solvent spiking. With increasing bacterial cell densities, Cfree of solvent-spiked PAHs decreased while being maintained constant with passive dosing. This resulted in lower apparent toxicity under solvent spiking but an increased apparent toxicity with passive dosing, probably as a result of the higher chemical uptake rate via food (CUfood). Our results demonstrate the utility of passive dosing to control Cfree in routine chronic toxicity testing of HOCs. Moreover, both chemical uptake from water or via food ingestion can be controlled, thus enabling the discrimination of different uptake routes in chronic toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonard Böhm
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christel Möhlenkamp
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Evelyn Claus
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schäfer
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Carretón E, Camacho M, Montoya-Alonso JA, Boada LD, Valerón PF, Cordón YF, Almeida-González M, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Influence of parasitism in dogs on their serum levels of persistent organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:128-135. [PMID: 27096633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals, which accumulate in humans and animals, as only few species have the capability of eliminating them. However, some authors have pointed to the possibility that certain species of invertebrates (i.e. nematodes) could metabolize this type of compounds. As certain species of nematodes act as parasites of vertebrates, this research was designed to explore the influence of some of the most common parasites of the dogs in their serum levels of 56 common POPs. The study included three groups of dogs (n=64), which were prospectively recruited in the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): a) control animals, non-parasitized (serologically tested negative, n=24); b) dogs tested positive for intestinal parasites and negative for other parasites (n=24); and c) dogs tested positive for heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and negative for other parasites (n=16). The presence of Dirofilaria immitis was strongly associated with lower serum levels of a wide range of pollutant in their hosts (PCB congeners 28, 52, 118, 138, 153, and 180; hexachlorobenzene, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, anthracene and pyrene). We also found an inverse association between the hosts' serum levels of PCBs and intestinal parasites. We did not find any association with DDT or its metabolites, but this might be explained by the recently suggested ability of dogs for the efficient metabolization of these compounds. According to the results of this study certain forms of parasitism would reduce the bioavailability of the major classes of POPs in dogs. However, further studies are needed to elucidate whether this phenomenon is due to a competence between parasites and hosts or could respond to a possible capability of parasitic nematodes for the metabolization of these POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Elena Carretón
- Internal Medicine Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yaiza Falcón Cordón
- Internal Medicine Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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