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Chen W, Garcia AN, Phillips E, De Vera J, Passeport E, O'Carroll DM, Sleep B, Lollar BS. Quantifying remediation of chlorinated volatile compounds by sulfidated nano zerovalent iron treatment using numerical modeling and CSIA. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122149. [PMID: 39098153 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has demonstrated promising reactivity and longevity for remediating chlorinated volatile compounds (cVOC) contaminants in laboratory tests. However, its effectiveness in field applications remains inadequately evaluated. This study provides the first quantitative evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized S-nZVI (CMC-S-nZVI) at a cVOC-contaminated field site. A reactive transport model-based numerical approach delineates the change in cVOC concentrations and carbon isotope values (i.e., δ13C from compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA)) caused by dissolution of dense non-aqueous phase liquid, sorption, and pathway-specific degradation and production, respectively. This delineation reveals quantitative insights into remediation effectiveness typically difficult to obtain, including extent of degradation, contributions of different degradation pathways, and degradation rate coefficients. Significantly, even a year after CMC-S-nZVI application, degradation remains an important process effectively removing various cVOC contaminants (i.e., chlorinated ethenes, 1,2-dichloroethanes, and chlorinated methanes) at an extent varying from 5 %-62 %. Although the impacts of CMC-S-nZVI abundance on degradation vary for different cVOC and for different sampling locations at the site, for the primary site contaminants of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene, their predominance of dichloroelimination pathway (≥ 88 %), high degradation rate coefficient (0.4-1.7 d-1), and occurrence at locations with relatively high CMC-S-nZVI abundance strongly indicate the effectiveness of abiotic remediation. These quantitative assessments support that CMC-S-nZVI supports sustainable ZVI-based remediation. Further, the novel numerical approach presented in this study provides a powerful tool for quantitative cVOC remediation assessments at complex field sites where multiple processes co-occur to control both concentration and CSIA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, 58 University Ave, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Joan De Vera
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Elodie Passeport
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brent Sleep
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Paris Cité, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris 75005, France.
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2
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Blázquez-Pallí N, Torrentó C, Marco-Urrea E, Garriga D, González M, Bosch M. Pilot tests for the optimization of the bioremediation strategy of a multi-layered aquifer at a multi-focus site impacted with chlorinated ethenes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173093. [PMID: 38768723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A multi-layered aquifer in an industrial area in the north of the Iberian Peninsula is severely contaminated with the chlorinated ethenes (CEs) tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. Both shallow and deep aquifers are polluted, with two differentiated north and south CEs plumes. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data (δ13C of CEs) evidenced natural attenuation of CEs. To select the optimal remediation strategy to clean-up the contamination plumes, laboratory treatability studies were performed, which confirmed the intrinsic biodegradation potential of the north and south shallow aquifers to fully dechlorinate CEs to ethene after injection of lactate, but also the combination of lactate and sulfidized mZVI as an alternative treatment for the north deep aquifer. In the lactate-amended microcosms, full dechlorination of CEs was accompanied by an increase in 16S rRNA gene copies of Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas, and the tceA, vcrA and bvcA reductive dehalogenases. Three in situ pilot tests were implemented, which consisted in injections of lactate in the north and south shallow aquifers, and injections of lactate and sulfidized mZVI in the north deep aquifer. The hydrogeochemical, isotopic and molecular analyses used to monitor the pilot tests evidenced that results obtained mimicked the laboratory observations, albeit at different dechlorination rates. It is likely that the efficiency of the injections was affected by the amendment distribution. In addition, monitoring of the pilot tests in the shallow aquifers showed the release of CEs due to back diffusion from secondary sources, which limited the use of isotopic data for assessing treatment efficiency. In the pilot test that combined the injection of lactate and sulfidized mZVI, both biotic and abiotic pathways contributed to the production of ethene. This study demonstrates the usefulness of integrating different chemical, isotopic and biomolecular approaches for a more robust selection and implementation of optimal remediation strategies in CEs polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Blázquez-Pallí
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellowship, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), c/ de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Garriga
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta González
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Bosch
- LITOCLEAN, S.L., Environmental site assessment and remediation, c/ Numància 36, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
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Meng H, Hu S, Hong Z, Chi W, Chen G, Cheng K, Wang Q, Liu T, Li F, Liu K, Yang Y. Effects of zero-valent iron added in the flooding or drainage process on cadmium immobilization in an acid paddy soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:19-31. [PMID: 38135388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a promising material for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils. However, the effects of ZVI added during flooding or drainage processes on cadmium (Cd) retention remain unclear. Herein, Cd-contaminated paddy soil was incubated for 40 days of flooding and then for 15 days of drainage, and the underlying mechanisms of Cd immobilization coupled with Fe/S/N redox processes were investigated. The addition of ZVI to the flooding process was more conducive to Cd immobilization. Less potential available Cd was detected by adding ZVI before flooding, which may be due to the increase in paddy soil pH and newly formed secondary Fe minerals. Moreover, the reductive dissolution of Fe minerals promoted the release of soil colloids, thereby increasing significantly the surface sites and causing Cd immobilization. Additionally, the addition of ZVI before flooding played a vital role in Cd retention after soil drainage. In contrast, the addition of ZVI in the drainage phase was not conducive to Cd retention, which might be due to the rapid decrease in soil pH that inhibited Cd adsorption and further immobilization on soil surfaces. The findings of this study demonstrated that Cd availability in paddy soil was largely reduced by adding ZVI during the flooding period and provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of ZVI remediation in Cd-contaminated paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Meng
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiwen Hu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zebin Hong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenting Chi
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Kuan Cheng
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tongxu Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Kexue Liu
- School of Resources and Planning, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Brumovský M, Tunega D. Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes at the Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron Surface: A Mechanistic DFT Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4180-4191. [PMID: 38505149 PMCID: PMC10945477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated nano- and microscale zero-valent iron (S-(n)ZVI) has shown enhanced selectivity and reactive lifetime in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) compared to pristine (n)ZVI. However, varying effects of sulfidation on the dechlorination rates of structurally similar CEs have been reported, with the underlying mechanisms remaining poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the β-dichloroelimination reactions of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-DCE) at the S and Fe sites of several S-(n)ZVI surface models by using density functional theory. Dechlorination reactions were both kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable at Fe sites compared to S sites, indicating that maintaining the accessibility of reactive Fe sites is crucial for achieving high S-(n)ZVI reactivity with contaminants. At Fe sites adjacent to S atoms, the reactivity for CE dechlorination followed the order trans-DCE ≈ TCE > cis-DCE > PCE. PCE degradation was hindered at these sites due to the steric effects of S atoms. At the S sites, the energy barriers correlated with the CEs' energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in the order PCE < TCE < DCE isomers. Our findings reveal that the experimentally observed selectivity of S-(n)ZVI materials for individual CEs can be explained by an interplay of the varying reactivities of Fe and S sites in CE dechlorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Qian L, Li H, Wei Z, Liang C, Dong X, Lin D, Chen M. Enhanced removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in groundwater using ball-milled sulfur- and biochar-modified zero-valent iron: From the laboratory to the field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122424. [PMID: 37604391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (ZVI) and biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to dechlorinate trichloroethylene. However, minimal data are available regarding the combined effect of sulfur and biochar ZVI on trichloroethylene byproducts. The primary aim of the current study is to determine whether sulfur- and biochar-modified ZVI (ZVI-BC-S) enhances the removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater. Results show that biochar and sulfur facilitated the milling of ZVI-BC-S into micro- and nanoscale particles and increased FeS formation. Moreover, the rates of cDCE and VC removal by ZVI-S increased by 30.1% and 30.2%, respectively, compared to those obtained with ZVI, owing to enhanced dechlorination via β-elimination by sulfur. Meanwhile, treatment with ZVI-BC-S harnessed the benefits of biochar and sulfur to enhance the cDCE and VC removal rates by 62.0% and 67.7%, respectively. Mechanistically, biochar enhanced the corrosion of ZVI-S to increase FeS production and enhance the electron transfer, β-elimination, and hydrogenolysis involved in cDCE and VC dechlorination. The effectiveness of ZVI-BC-S was confirmed in a field demonstration, during which cDCE and VC concentrations significantly decreased within 10 days following injection. The findings of this study can help inform the rational design of ZVI for in-situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qian
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zifei Wei
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Xinan Technology University, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinzhu Dong
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Ouyang Q, Hansen HCB, Thygesen LG, Tobler DJ. Nitrogen amended graphene catalyses fast reduction of vinyl chloride by nano zerovalent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120535. [PMID: 37660466 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl chloride (VC) is a dominant carcinogenic residual in many aged chlorinated solvent plumes, and it remains a huge challenge to clean it up. Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is an effective reductant for many chlorinated compounds but shows low VC removal efficiency at field scale. Amendment of ZVI with a carbonaceous material may be used to both preconcentrate VC and facilitate redox reactions. In this study, nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) produced by a simple co-pyrolysis method using urea as nitrogen (N) source, was tested as a catalyst for VC reduction by nanoscale ZVI (nZVI). The extent of VC reduction to ethylene in the presence of 2 g/L of nZVI was less than 1% after 3 days, and barely improved with the addition of 4 g/L of graphene. In contrast, with amendment of nZVI with NG produced at pyrolysis temperature (PT) of 950 °C, the VC reduction extent increased more than 10-fold to 69%. The reactivity increased with NG PT increasing from 400 °C to an optimum at 950 °C, and it increased linearly with NG loadings. Interestingly, N dosage had little effect on reactivity if NG was produced at PT of 950 °C, while a positive correlation was observed for NG produced at PT of 600 °C. XPS and Raman analyses revealed that for NG produced at lower PT (<800 °C) mainly the content of pyridine-N-oxide (PNO) groups correlates with reactivity, while for NG produced at higher PT up to 950 °C, reactivity correlates mainly with N induced structural defects in graphene. The results of quenching and hydrogen yield experiments indicated that NG promote reduction of VC by storage of atomic hydrogen, thus increasing its availability for VC reduction, while likely also enabling electron transfer from nZVI to VC. Overall, these findings demonstrate effective chemical reduction of VC by a nZVI-NG composite, and they give insights into the effects of N doping on redox reactivity and hydrogen storage potential of carbonaceous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ouyang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark.
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark
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7
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Wu S, Cai S, Qin F, He F, Liu T, Yan X, Wang Z. Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes by ball milled and mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130730. [PMID: 36630876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ball milling is an effective technique to not only activate and reduce the size of commercial microscale zero valent iron (mZVI) but also to mechanochemically sulfidate mZVI. Yet, little is known about the difference between how chlorinated ethenes (CEs) interact with ball milled mZVI (mZVIbm) and mechanochemically sulfidated mZVI (S-mZVIbm). We show that simple ball milling exposed the active Fe0 sites, while mechanochemical sulfidation diminished Fe0 sites and meanwhile increased S2- sites. Mechanochemical sulfidation with [S/Fe]dosed increased from 0 to 0.20 promoted the particle reactivity most for TCE dechlorination (∼14-fold), followed by PCE and 1,1-DCE while it diminished the reactivity for trans-DCE (∼0.4-fold), cis-DCE (∼0.02-fold) and VC (∼0.002-fold) compared to simple ball milling. Sulfidation also improved the electron efficiency of CE dechlorination, except for cis-DCE and VC. The kSA of cis-DCE, VC and trans-DCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface Fe0 content, suggesting their dechlorination was mainly mediated by Fe0 site or reactive atomic hydrogen. The kSA of TCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface S2- content and the dechlorination mainly occurred on S2- sites via direct electron transfer. Increased sulfidation favored direct electron transfer mechanism. The kSA of PCE and 1,1-DCE was not dependent on either parameter and their dechlorination was equally achieved through either mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shichao Cai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengyang Qin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuping Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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8
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King JF, Mitch WA. Electrochemical Reduction of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkenes Using Activated Carbon-Based Cathodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17965-17976. [PMID: 36459429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is used to sorb a broad range of halogenated contaminant classes, but spent GAC disposal is costly. Taking advantage of GAC's conductivity, this study evaluated the conversion of the GAC to cathodes for electrochemical reductive dehalogenation of 15 halogenated alkanes and alkenes exhibiting a diversity of structures (type of halogen, number of halogens, functional groups) and including contaminants of practical importance (e.g., trichloroethylene). Alkane degradation rates increased with the number of halogens and in the order: chlorine < bromine < iodine. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) correlating experimental first-order degradation rate constants for alkanes with molecular descriptors associated with an outer-sphere one-electron transfer calculated using density functional theory indicated that correlations with molecular descriptors improved in the order: aqueous phase reduction potentials (E0,aq) < energy of the substrate's lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) < Marcus theory activation free energies (ΔG‡) ∼ gas-phase standard reduction free energies (ΔG0,gas). Chlorinated alkene degradation rates increased with decreasing number of chlorines, and QSAR correlations were opposite those of alkanes, indicating a different reaction mechanism. Degradation timescales ranged from 1 min to 3 h with halides as predominant products. These results suggest that the electrochemical reduction of halogenated alkanes and alkenes can be used to regenerate spent GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F King
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, Palo Alto, California94305, United States
| | - William A Mitch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, Palo Alto, California94305, United States
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9
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Illy VD, Cohen GJV, Verardo E, Höhener P, Guiserix N, Atteia O. Using 1,1,1-Trichloroethane degradation data to understand NAPL dissolution and solute transport at real sites. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 245:103934. [PMID: 34922184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analytical and numerical models describing the evolution of contaminant concentrations in the plume associated with the dissolution of NAPL source and degradation processes were presented in the literature. At real sites and particularly in complex aquifers like chalk, it is difficult to understand how the sources of contaminants evolve with time. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) is one of the few compounds with a well-known hydrolysis constant, that can help to improve knowledge of the contaminant sources and transport rates of dissolved contaminants in groundwater by dating the spill. In this work, different scenarios that could explain the evolution of the concentrations of 1,1,1-TCA and its degradation product 1,1-Dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) at a real contaminated site were investigated by analytical and numerical modelling. The results show that (1) the peaks of concentration time series do not correspond to a single contamination event even in the case of a complex medium, (2) the multiphasic behavior of the concentration time series is dictated by the dissolution in a heterogeneous medium, and (3) the persistence of the concentrations can arise from a small residual organic phase or transport in dual domain medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeureux D Illy
- EA 4592, Géoressources et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400 Talence, France; Renault SAS, 1 Allée du Golf, Guyancourt 78 280, France.
| | - Gregory J V Cohen
- EA 4592, Géoressources et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Elicia Verardo
- EA 4592, Géoressources et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Laboratoire de Chimie Environnementale-UMR 7376, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, 3 place Victor Hugo - Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Olivier Atteia
- EA 4592, Géoressources et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400 Talence, France
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Huang C, Zeng Y, Cao Y, Zhu C, Ren Z, Liu YE, Gao S, Tian Y, Luo X, Mai B. Mechanistic Aspects Regarding the Ultraviolet Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Different Media: Insights from Carbon and Chlorine Isotope Fractionation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7731-7740. [PMID: 34003641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during ultraviolet-photolysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, including PCB18, PCB77, PCB110, and PCB138) in n-hexane (Hex), methanol/water (MeOH/H2O), and silica gel was first investigated to explore their mechanistic processes. We observed a significant variation in ΛCl-C (εCl/εC) for the same PCBs in different photochemical systems, implying that PCB degradation processes in various photoreaction systems could differ. Although all substrates showed normal apparent carbon/chlorine kinetic isotope effects (C-/Cl-AKIE >1), the putative inverse C-AKIE of nondechlorinated pathways was suggested by 13C depletion of the average carbon isotope composition of PCB138 and corresponding dechlorinated products in MeOH/H2O, which might originate from the magnetic isotope effect. Significant negative correlations were found between C-AKIE and relative disappearance quantum yields ("Φ") of ortho-dechlorinated substrates (PCB18, PCB110, and PCB138) in Hex and MeOH/H2O. However, the C-AKIE and "Φ" of PCB77 (meta/para-dechlorinated congener) obviously deviated from the above correlations. Furthermore, significantly different product-related carbon isotope enrichment factors of PCB77 in Hex were found. These results demonstrated the existence of dechlorination position-specific and masking effects in carbon isotope fractionations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihe Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yankuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Kruse S, Türkowsky D, Birkigt J, Matturro B, Franke S, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M, Westermann M, Rossetti S, Nijenhuis I, Adrian L, Diekert G, Goris T. Interspecies metabolite transfer and aggregate formation in a co-culture of Dehalococcoides and Sulfurospirillum dehalogenating tetrachloroethene to ethene. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1794-1809. [PMID: 33479489 PMCID: PMC8163811 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities involving dehalogenating bacteria assist in bioremediation of areas contaminated with halocarbons. To understand molecular interactions between dehalogenating bacteria, we co-cultured Sulfurospirillum multivorans, dechlorinating tetrachloroethene (PCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), and Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains BTF08 or 195, dehalogenating PCE to ethene. The co-cultures were cultivated with lactate as electron donor. In co-cultures, the bacterial cells formed aggregates and D. mccartyi established an unusual, barrel-like morphology. An extracellular matrix surrounding bacterial cells in the aggregates enhanced cell-to-cell contact. PCE was dehalogenated to ethene at least three times faster in the co-culture. The dehalogenation was carried out via PceA of S. multivorans, and PteA (a recently described PCE dehalogenase) and VcrA of D. mccartyi BTF08, as supported by protein abundance. The co-culture was not dependent on exogenous hydrogen and acetate, suggesting a syntrophic relationship in which the obligate hydrogen consumer D. mccartyi consumes hydrogen and acetate produced by S. multivorans. The cobamide cofactor of the reductive dehalogenase-mandatory for D. mccartyi-was also produced by S. multivorans. D. mccartyi strain 195 dechlorinated cDCE in the presence of norpseudo-B12 produced by S. multivorans, but D. mccartyi strain BTF08 depended on an exogenous lower cobamide ligand. This observation is important for bioremediation, since cofactor supply in the environment might be a limiting factor for PCE dehalogenation to ethene, described for D. mccartyi exclusively. The findings from this co-culture give new insights into aggregate formation and the physiology of D. mccartyi within a bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kruse
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominique Türkowsky
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Birkigt
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruna Matturro
- grid.435629.f0000 0004 1755 3971Water Research Institute, IRSA-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Steffi Franke
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany ,Present Address: Eurofins Institute Dr. Appelt Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Center for Electron Microscopy of the University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Rossetti
- grid.435629.f0000 0004 1755 3971Water Research Institute, IRSA-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Diekert
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Goris
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany ,grid.418213.d0000 0004 0390 0098Present Address: German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department Molecular Toxicology, Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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12
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Applications of Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Soil: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic and non-biodegradable environmental contaminants that seriously threaten human health. The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water and soil is an urgent issue from both environmental and biological points of view. Recently, nanomaterials with excellent adsorption capacities, great chemical reactivity, active atomicity, and environmentally friendly performance have attracted widespread interest as potential adsorbents for heavy metal removal. This review first introduces the application of nanomaterials for removing heavy metal ions from the environment. Then, the environmental factors affecting the adsorption of nanomaterials, their toxicity, and environmental risks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of applying nanomaterials in environmental remediation are discussed, which can provide perspectives for future in-depth studies and applications.
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13
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Yu R, Murdoch LC, Falta RW, Andrachek RG, Pierce AA, Parker BL, Cherry JA, Freedman DL. Chlorinated Ethene Degradation Rate Coefficients Simulated with Intact Sandstone Core Microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15829-15839. [PMID: 33210923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic transformation of trichloroethene (TCE) in fractured porous rock such as sandstone is challenging to characterize and quantify. The objective of this study was to estimate the pseudo first-order abiotic reaction rate coefficients in diffusion-dominated intact core microcosms. The microcosms imitated clean flow through a fracture next to a contaminated rock matrix by exchanging uncontaminated groundwater, unamended or lactate-amended, in a chamber above a TCE-infused sandstone core. Rate coefficients were assessed using a numerical model of the microcosms that were calibrated to monitoring data. Average initial rate coefficients for complete dechlorination of TCE to acetylene, ethene, and ethane were estimated as 0.019 y-1 in unamended microcosms and 0.024 y-1 in lactate-amended microcosms. Moderately higher values (0.026 y-1 for unamended and 0.035 y-1 for lactate-amended) were obtained based on 13C enrichment data. Abiotic transformation rate coefficients based on gas formation were decreased in unamended microcosms after ∼25 days, to an average of 0.0008 y-1. This was presumably due to depletion of reductive capacity (average values of 0.12 ± 0.10 μeeq/g iron and 18 ± 15 μeeq/g extractable iron). Model-derived rate coefficients and reductive capacities for the intact core microcosms aligned well with results from a previous microcosm study using crushed sandstone from the same site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Lawrence C Murdoch
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ronald W Falta
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Richard G Andrachek
- Stantec, 1340 Treat Boulevard, Suite 300, Walnut Creek, California 94597, United States
| | - Amanda A Pierce
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Beth L Parker
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John A Cherry
- G360 Institute for Groundwater Research, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David L Freedman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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14
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Wang X, Xin J, Yuan M, Zhao F. Electron competition and electron selectivity in abiotic, biotic, and coupled systems for dechlorinating chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in groundwater: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116060. [PMID: 32750534 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) have been frequently detected in aquifers in recent years. Owing to the bioaccumulation and toxicity of CAHs, it is essential to explore high-efficiency technologies for their complete dechlorination in groundwater. At present, the most widely used abiotic and biotic remediation technologies are based on zero-valent iron (ZVI) and functional anaerobic bacteria (FAB), respectively. However, the main obstacles to the full potential of both technologies in the field include their lowered efficiencies and increased economic costs due to the co-existence of a variety of natural electron acceptors in the environment, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), ferric iron (Fe (III)), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and even water, which compete for electrons with the target contaminants. Therefore, a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing electron competition and electron selectivity is significant for the accurate evaluation of the effectiveness of both technologies under natural hydrochemical conditions. We collected data from both abiotic and biotic CAH-remediation systems, summarized the dechlorination and undesired reactions in groundwater, discussed the characterization methods and general principles of electron competition, and described strategies to improve electron selectivity in both systems. Furthermore, we reviewed the emerging ZVI-FAB coupled system, which integrates abiotic and biotic processes to enhance dechlorination performance and electron utilization efficiency. Lastly, we propose future research needs to quantitatively understand the electron competition in abiotic, biotic, and coupled systems in more detail and to promote improved electron selectivity in groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Mengjiao Yuan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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15
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Latif A, Sheng D, Sun K, Si Y, Azeem M, Abbas A, Bilal M. Remediation of heavy metals polluted environment using Fe-based nanoparticles: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114728. [PMID: 32408081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by heavy metals (HMs) has raised considerable attention due to their toxic impacts on plants, animals and human beings. Thus, the environmental cleanup of these toxic (HMs) is extremely urgent both from the environmental and biological point of view. To remediate HMs-polluted environment, several nanoparticles (NPs) such as metals and its oxides, carbon materials, zeolites, and bimetallic NPs have been documented. Among these, Fe-based NPs have emerged as an effective choice for remediating environmental contamination, due to infinite size, high reactivity, and adsorption properties. This review summarizes the utilization of various Fe-based NPs such as nano zero-valent iron (NZVI), modified-NZVI, supported-NZVI, doped-NZVI, and Fe oxides and hydroxides in remediating the HMs-polluted environment. It presents a comprehensive elaboration on the possible reaction mechanisms between the Fe-based NPs and heavy metals, including adsorption, oxidation/reduction, and precipitation. Subsequently, the environmental factors (e.g., pH, organic matter, and redox) affecting the reactivity of the Fe-based NPs with heavy metals are also highlighted in the current study. Research shows that Fe-based NPs can be toxic to living organisms. In this context, this review points out the environmental hazards associated with the application of Fe-based NPs and proposes future recommendations for the utilization of these NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China; Department of Agriculture, Soil and Water, Testing Laboratory for Research, DG Khan, Pakistan
| | - Di Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Youbin Si
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Aown Abbas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Agriculture, Soil and Water, Testing Laboratory for Research, DG Khan, Pakistan
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16
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Nunez Garcia A, Boparai HK, Chowdhury AIA, de Boer CV, Kocur CMD, Passeport E, Sherwood Lollar B, Austrins LM, Herrera J, O'Carroll DM. Sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) for in situ treatment of chlorinated solvents: A field study. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115594. [PMID: 32092544 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (S-nZVI), stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was successfully synthesized on site and injected into the subsurface at a site contaminated with a broad range of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs). Transport of CMC-S-nZVI to the monitoring wells, both downgradient and upgradient, resulted in a significant decrease in concentrations of aqueous-phase cVOCs. Short-term (0-17 days) total boron and chloride measurements indicated dilution and displacement in these wells. Importantly however, compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), changes in concentrations of intermediates, and increase in ethene concentrations confirmed dechlorination of cVOCs. Dissolution from the DNAPL pool into the aqueous phase at the deepest levels (4.0-4.5 m bgs) was identifiable from the increased cVOCs concentrations during long-term monitoring. However, at the uppermost levels (∼1.5 m above the source zone) a contrasting trend was observed indicating successful dechlorination. Changes in cVOCs concentrations and CSIA data suggest both sequential hydrogenolysis as well as reductive β-elimination as the possible transformation mechanisms during the short-term abiotic and long-term biotic dechlorination. One of the most positive outcomes of this CMC-S-nZVI field treatment is the non-accumulation of lower chlorinated VOCs, particularly vinyl chloride. Post-treatment soil cores also revealed significant decreases in cVOCs concentrations throughout the targeted treatment zones. Results from this field study show that sulfidation is a suitable amendment for developing more efficient nZVI-based in situ remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Hardiljeet K Boparai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada; Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ahmed I A Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada; Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cjestmir V de Boer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada; Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris M D Kocur
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elodie Passeport
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | | | - Jose Herrera
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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17
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18
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Murray AM, Ottosen CB, Maillard J, Holliger C, Johansen A, Brabæk L, Kristensen IL, Zimmermann J, Hunkeler D, Broholm MM. Chlorinated ethene plume evolution after source thermal remediation: Determination of degradation rates and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 227:103551. [PMID: 31526529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extent, mechanism(s), and rate of chlorinated ethene degradation in a large tetrachloroethene (PCE) plume were investigated in an extensive sampling campaign. Multiple lines of evidence for this degradation were explored, including compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), dual C-Cl isotope analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis targeting the genera Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas and the genes vcrA, bvcA, and cerA. A decade prior to this sampling campaign, the plume source was thermally remediated by steam injection. This released dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that stimulated microbial activity and created reduced conditions within the plume. Based on an inclusive analysis of minor and major sampling campaigns since the initial site characterization, it was estimated that reduced conditions peaked 4 years after the remediation event. At the time of this study, 11 years after the remediation event, the redox conditions in the aquifer are returning to their original state. However, the DOC released from the remediated source zone matches levels measured 3 years prior and plume conditions are still suitable for biotic reductive dechlorination. Dehalococcoides spp., Dehalogenimonas spp., and vcrA, bvcA, and cerA reductive dehalogenase genes were detected close to the source, and suggest that complete, biotic PCE degradation occurs here. Further downgradient, qPCR analysis and enriched δ13C values for cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) suggest that cDCE is biodegraded in a sulfate-reducing zone in the plume. In the most downgradient portion of the plume, lower levels of specific degraders supported by dual C-Cl analysis indicate that the biodegradation occurs in combination with abiotic degradation. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing shows that organizational taxonomic units known to contain organohalide-respiring bacteria are relatively abundant throughout the plume. Hydraulic conductivity testing was also conducted, and local degradation rates for PCE and cDCE were determined at various locations throughout the plume. PCE degradation rates from sampling campaigns after the thermal remediation event range from 0.11 to 0.35 yr-1. PCE and cDCE degradation rates from the second to the third sampling campaigns ranged from 0.08 to 0.10 yr-1 and 0.01 to 0.07 yr-1, respectively. This is consistent with cDCE as the dominant daughter product in the majority of the plume and cDCE degradation as the time-limiting step. The extensive temporal and spatial analysis allowed for tracking the evolution of the plume and the lasting impact of the source remediation and illustrates that the multiple lines of evidence approach is essential to elucidate the primary degradation mechanisms in a plume of such size and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Marie Murray
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie B Ottosen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julien Maillard
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, ENAC-IIE, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christof Holliger
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, ENAC-IIE, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Johansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lærke Brabæk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Inge Lise Kristensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jeremy Zimmermann
- Centre for Hydrogeology & Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology & Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Ojeda AS, Phillips E, Mancini SA, Lollar BS. Sources of Uncertainty in Biotransformation Mechanistic Interpretations and Remediation Studies using CSIA. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9147-9153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sullivan Ojeda
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Silvia A. Mancini
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., 243 Islington Avenue #1201, Etobicoke, Ontario M8X 1Y9, Canada
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
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20
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Vlotman D, Ngila J, Ndlovu T, Doyle B, Carleschi E, Malinga S. Hyperbranched polymer membrane for catalytic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153) in water. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Herrero J, Puigserver D, Nijenhuis I, Kuntze K, Carmona JM. Combined use of ISCR and biostimulation techniques in incomplete processes of reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated solvents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:819-829. [PMID: 30138882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Herrero
- Department of Minerology, Petrology and Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí Franquès SN, Barcelona, Spain..
| | - Diana Puigserver
- Department of Minerology, Petrology and Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí Franquès SN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry (ISOBIO), UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Kuntze
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry (ISOBIO), UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - José M Carmona
- Department of Minerology, Petrology and Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí Franquès SN, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Wilkin RT, Lee TR, Sexton MR, Acree SD, Puls RW, Blowes DW, Kalinowski C, Tilton JM, Woods LL. Geochemical and Isotope Study of Trichloroethene Degradation in a Zero-Valent Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier: A Twenty-Two-Year Performance Evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:296-306. [PMID: 30525490 PMCID: PMC6755902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a twenty-two-year record of in situ degradation of chlorinated organic compounds by a granular iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB). Groundwater concentrations of trichloroethene (TCE) entering the PRB were as high as 10670 μg/L. Treatment efficiency ranged from 81 to >99%, and TCE concentrations from <1 μg/L to 165 μg/L were detected within and hydraulically down-gradient of the PRB. After 18 years, effluent TCE concentrations were above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) along segments of the PRB exhibiting upward trending influent TCE. Degradation products included cis-dichloroethene ( cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethene, ethane, >C4 compounds, and possibly CO2(aq) and methane. Abiotic patterns of TCE degradation were indicated by compound-specific stable isotope data and the distribution of degradation products. δ13C values of methane within and down-gradient of the PRB varied widely from -94‰ to -16‰; these values cover most of the isotopic range encountered in natural methanogenic systems. Methanogenesis is a sink for inorganic carbon in zerovalent iron PRBs that competes with carbonate mineralization, and this process is important for understanding pore-space clogging and longevity of iron-based PRBs. The carbon isotope signatures of methane and inorganic carbon were consistent with open-system behavior and 22% molar conversion of CO2(aq) to methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Wilkin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division , 919 Kerr Research Drive , Ada , Oklahoma 74820 , United States
| | - Tony R Lee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division , 919 Kerr Research Drive , Ada , Oklahoma 74820 , United States
| | - Molly R Sexton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division , 919 Kerr Research Drive , Ada , Oklahoma 74820 , United States
| | - Steven D Acree
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division , 919 Kerr Research Drive , Ada , Oklahoma 74820 , United States
| | - Robert W Puls
- PulsEnvironmental Consulting , Hilton Head , South Carolina 29926 , United States
| | - David W Blowes
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario Canada , N2L 3G1
| | - Christopher Kalinowski
- Arcadis U.S., Inc. , 801 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 300 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27607 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Tilton
- Arcadis U.S., Inc. , 801 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 300 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27607 , United States
| | - Leilani L Woods
- U.S. Coast Guard Base , 1664 Weeksville Road, Bldg 981 , Elizabeth City , North Carolina 27909 , United States
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23
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Han Y, Liu C, Horita J, Yan W. Trichloroethene (TCE) hydrodechlorination by NiFe nanoparticles: Influence of aqueous anions on catalytic pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:404-413. [PMID: 29704848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amending bulk and nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) with catalytic metals significantly accelerates hydrodechlorination of groundwater contaminants such as trichloroethene (TCE). The bimetallic design benefits from a strong synergy between Ni and Fe in facilitating the production of active hydrogen for TCE reduction, and it is of research and practical interest to understand the impacts of common groundwater solutes on catalyst and ZVI functionality. In this study, TCE hydrodechlorination reaction was conducted using fresh NiFe bimetallic nanoparticles (NiFe BNPs) and those aged in chloride, sulfate, phosphate, and humic acid solutions with concurrent analysis of carbon fractionation of TCE and its daughter products. The apparent kinetics suggest that the reactivity of NiFe BNPs is relatively stable in pure water and chloride or humic acid solutions, in contrast to significant deactivation observed of PdFe bimetallic particles in similar media. Exposure to phosphate at greater than 0.1 mM led to a severe decrease in TCE reaction rate. The change in kinetic regimes from first to zeroth order with increasing phosphate concentration is consistent with consumption of reactive sites by phosphate. Despite severe kinetic effect, there is no significant shift in TCE 13C bulk enrichment factor between the fresh and the phosphate-aged particles. Instead, pronounced retardation of TCE reaction by NiFe BNPs in deuterated water (D2O) points to the importance of hydrogen spillover in controlling TCE reduction rate by NiFe BNPs, and such process can be strongly affected by groundwater chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlai Han
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 10th and Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Changjie Liu
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, 10th and Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Juske Horita
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, 10th and Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Weile Yan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 10th and Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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24
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Mundle SOC, Spain JC, Lacrampe-Couloume G, Nishino SF, Sherwood Lollar B. Branched pathways in the degradation of cDCE by cytochrome P450 in Polaromonas sp. JS666. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:99-105. [PMID: 28662431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is widely used to monitor contaminant remediation in groundwater. CSIA-based approaches that use enrichment (ε) values to assess degradative processes rely on the assumption that the contaminant being investigated will have an ε value that is constant and specific to a catalytic pathway of a microorganism. Distinct ε values have been reported for aerobic degradation of cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), which has led to a number of proposed degradation mechanisms; however, cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidation is the only biochemical mechanism that has been established in Polaromonas sp. JS666. Using CSIA we measured the ε values for microbial oxidation of cDCE (-18.8‰±1.5‰) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) (-16.6‰±0.9‰) in wild-type JS666 and the oxidation of cDCE (-13.5‰±2.3‰) from a recombinant E. coli strain expressing the cytochrome P450 enzyme from JS666. This study supports the hypothesis that cytochrome P450 catalyzes the initial step in the degradation pathway of both cDCE and 1,2-DCA and provides evidence that a single enzyme can catalyze multiple pathways with different products and distinct ε values for a single substrate. Therefore, in cases where the products of the reaction cannot, or have not been characterized, caution must be used when employing ε values to interpret mechanisms, pathways, and their applications to environmental contaminant remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott O C Mundle
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B5, Canada; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Jim C Spain
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States; Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514-5750, United States
| | - Georges Lacrampe-Couloume
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B5, Canada
| | - Shirley F Nishino
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B5, Canada
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25
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Spahr S, von Gunten U, Hofstetter TB. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation Trends in N-Nitrosodimethylamine Reflect the Formation Pathway during Chloramination of Tertiary Amines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13170-13179. [PMID: 29032675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the precursors and reactions leading to the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during drinking water disinfection is a major challenge. Here, we investigate whether changes of 13C/12C, 2H/1H, and 15N/14N ratios of NDMA give rise to isotope fractionation trends that can be used to infer NDMA formation pathways. We carried out compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of NDMA during chloramination of four tertiary amines that produce NDMA at high yields, namely ranitidine, 5-(dimethylaminomethyl)furfuryl alcohol, N,N-dimethylthiophene-2-methylamine, and N,N-dimethylbenzylamine. Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of NDMA function as fingerprints of the N(CH3)2 moiety and exhibit only minor isotope fractionation during the disinfection process. Nitrogen isotope ratios showed that NH2Cl is the source of the N atom of the nitroso group. The large enrichment of 15N in NDMA was indicative of the isotope effects pertinent to bond-cleavage and bond-formation reactions during chloramination of the tertiary amines. Correlation of δ15N versus δ13C values of NDMA resulted in trend lines that were not affected by the type of tertiary amine and treatment conditions, suggesting that the observed C and N isotope fractionation in NDMA may be diagnostic for NDMA precursors and formation pathways during chloramination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Spahr
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Schaefer CE, Ho P, Gurr C, Berns E, Werth C. Abiotic dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in natural clayey soils: Impacts of mineralogy and temperature. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2017; 206:10-17. [PMID: 28965709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory batch experiments were performed to assess the impacts of temperature and mineralogy on the abiotic dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) or trichloroethene (TCE) due to the presence of ferrous minerals in natural aquifer clayey soils under anaerobic conditions. A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility, and ferrous mineral content were used to characterize each of the 3 natural soils tested in this study, and dechlorination at temperatures ranging from 20 to 55°C were examined. Results showed that abiotic dechlorination occurred in all 3 soils examined, yielding reduced gas abiotic dechlorination products acetylene, butane, ethene, and/or propane. Bulk first-order dechlorination rate constants (kbulk), scaled to the soil:water ratio expected for in situ conditions, ranged from 2.0×10-5day-1 at 20°C, to 32×10-5day-1 at 55°C in the soil with the greatest ferrous mineral content. For the generation of acetylene and ethene from PCE, the reaction was well described by Arrhenius kinetics, with an activation energy of 91kJ/mol. For the generation of coupling products butane and propane, the Arrhenius equation did not provide a satisfactory description of the data, likely owing to the complex reaction mechanisms associated with these products and/or diffusional mass transfer processes associated with the ferrous minerals likely responsible for these coupling reactions. Although the data set was too limited to determine a definitive correlation, the two soils with elevated ferrous mineral contents had elevated abiotic dechlorination rate constants, while the one soil with a low ferrous mineral content had a relatively low abiotic dechlorination rate constant. Overall, results suggest intrinsic abiotic dechlorination rates may be an important long-term natural attenuation component in site conceptual models for clays that have the appropriate iron mineralogy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Schaefer
- CDM Smith, 110 Fieldcrest Avenue, #8, 6th Floor, Edison, NJ 08837, United States.
| | - Paul Ho
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way # 100, Bellevue, WA 98007, United States
| | - Christopher Gurr
- CDM Smith, 11490 Westheimer Rd #700, Houston, TX 77077, United States
| | - Erin Berns
- University of Texas at Austin, Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Charles Werth
- University of Texas at Austin, Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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27
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Franke S, Lihl C, Renpenning J, Elsner M, Nijenhuis I. Triple-element compound-specific stable isotope analysis of 1,2-dichloroethane for characterization of the underlying dehalogenation reaction in two Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:4561051. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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28
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Pati SG, Kohler HPE, Hofstetter TB. Characterization of Substrate, Cosubstrate, and Product Isotope Effects Associated With Enzymatic Oxygenations of Organic Compounds Based on Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis. Methods Enzymol 2017; 596:291-329. [PMID: 28911775 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic oxygenations are among the most important biodegradation and detoxification reactions of organic pollutants. In the environment, however, such natural attenuation processes are extremely difficult to monitor. Changes of stable isotope ratios of aromatic pollutants at natural isotopic abundances serve as proxies for isotope effects associated with oxygenation reactions. Such isotope fractionations offer new avenues for revealing the pathway and extent of pollutant transformation and provide new insights into the mechanisms of catalysis by Rieske non-heme ferrous iron oxygenases. Based on compound-specific C, H, N, and O isotope analysis, we present a comprehensive methodology with which isotope effects can be derived from the isotope fractionation measured in substrates, the cosubstrate O2, and organic oxygenation products. We use dioxygenation of nitrobenzene and 2-nitrotoluene by nitrobenzene dioxygenase as illustrative examples to introduce different mathematical procedures for deriving apparent substrate and product isotope effects. We present two experimental approaches to control reactant and product turnover for isotope fractionation analysis in experimental systems containing purified enzymes, E. coli clones, and pure strains of environmental microorganisms. Finally, we present instrumental procedures and sample treatment instructions for analysis of C, H, and N isotope analysis in organic compounds and O isotope analysis in aqueous O2 by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Pati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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29
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Liang Y, Cook LJ, Mattes TE. Temporal abundance and activity trends of vinyl chloride (VC)-degrading bacteria in a dilute VC plume at Naval Air Station Oceana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13760-13774. [PMID: 28401391 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessment and monitoring of microbial community dynamics is useful when tracking the progress of vinyl chloride (VC) bioremediation strategies, particularly in dilute plumes where apparent VC attenuation rates are low. In a long-term field study, the abundance and the activity of microbial VC degraders were tracked in three monitoring wells (MW05, MW25, and MW19) along a dilute VC plume at Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana. High-throughput sequencing of partial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and transcripts revealed diverse groundwater microbial communities and showed that methanotrophs and anaerobic respirers (e.g., methanogens, sulfate reducers, and iron reducers) were among the most active and abundant guilds. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that among bacterial guilds with a potential to contribute to VC biodegradation, methanotrophs were the most abundant and active microbial group. Ethene-oxidizing bacterial populations were less abundant and relatively inactive compared to methanotrophs. In MW19, expression of functional genes associated with both aerobic VC oxidation and anaerobic VC reduction was observed. Overall, our results reveal that the groundwater community contains various active bacterial guilds previously associated with metabolic and cometabolic VC degradation processes either under aerobic and anaerobic conditions that might have contributed to the slowly decreasing VC concentrations at the NAS Oceana site over the 6-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Laura J Cook
- CH2M 5701 Cleveland Street Suite 200, Virginia Beach, VA, 23462, USA
| | - Timothy E Mattes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Ding K, Xu W. Black Carbon Facilitated Dechlorination of DDT and its Metabolites by Sulfide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12976-12983. [PMID: 27934256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
1,1-trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), are often detected in soils and sediments containing high concentrations of black carbon. Sulfide (∼5 mM) from biological sulfate reduction often coexists with black carbon and serves as both a strong reductant and a nucleophile for the abiotic transformation of contaminants. In this study, we found that the abiotic transformation of DDT, DDD, and DDE (collectively referred to as DDX) require both sulfide and black carbon. 89.3 ± 1.8% of DDT, 63.2 ± 1.9% of DDD, and 50.9 ± 1.6% of DDE were degraded by sulfide (5 mM) in the presence of graphite powder (21 g/L) after 28 days at pH 7. Chloride was a product of DDX degradation. To better understand the reaction pathways, electrochemical cells and batch reactor experiments with sulfide-pretreated graphite powder were used to differentiate the involvement of black carbon materials in DDX transformation by sulfide. Our results suggest that DDT and DDD are transformed by surface intermediates formed from the reaction between sulfide and black carbon, while DDE degradation involves reductive dechlorination. This research lays the groundwork for developing an alternative in situ remediation technique for rapidly decontaminating soils and sediments to lower toxic products under environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University , Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University , Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
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31
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Höhener P. Simulating stable carbon and chlorine isotope ratios in dissolved chlorinated groundwater pollutants with BIOCHLOR-ISO. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2016; 195:52-61. [PMID: 27894785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BIOCHLOR is a well-known simple tool for evaluating the transport of dissolved chlorinated solvents in groundwater, ideal for rapid screening and teaching. This work extends the BIOCHLOR model for the calculation of stable isotope ratios of carbon and chlorine isotopes in chloroethenes. An exact solution for the three-dimensional reactive transport of a chain of degrading compounds including sorption is provided in a spreadsheet and applied for modeling the transport of individual isotopes 12C, 13C, 35Cl, 37Cl from a constant source. The model can consider secondary isotope effects that can occur in the breaking of CCl bonds. The model is correctly reproducing results for δ13C and δ37Cl modeled by a previously published 1-D numerical model without secondary isotope effects, and is also reproducing results from a microcosm experiment with secondary chlorine isotope effects. Two applications of the model using field data from literature are further given and discussed. The new BIOCHLOR-ISO model is distributed as a spreadsheet (MS EXCEL) along with this publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Höhener
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France.
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32
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Badin A, Broholm MM, Jacobsen CS, Palau J, Dennis P, Hunkeler D. Identification of abiotic and biotic reductive dechlorination in a chlorinated ethene plume after thermal source remediation by means of isotopic and molecular biology tools. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2016; 192:1-19. [PMID: 27318432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal tetrachloroethene (PCE) remediation by steam injection in a sandy aquifer led to the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from aquifer sediments resulting in more reduced redox conditions, accelerated PCE biodegradation, and changes in microbial populations. These changes were documented by comparing data collected prior to the remediation event and eight years later. Based on the premise that dual C-Cl isotope slopes reflect ongoing degradation pathways, the slopes associated with PCE and TCE suggest the predominance of biotic reductive dechlorination near the source area. PCE was the predominant chlorinated ethene near the source area prior to thermal treatment. After thermal treatment, cDCE became predominant. The biotic contribution to these changes was supported by the presence of Dehalococcoides sp. DNA (Dhc) and Dhc targeted rRNA close to the source area. In contrast, dual C-Cl isotope analysis together with the almost absent VC (13)C depletion in comparison to cDCE (13)C depletion suggested that cDCE was subject to abiotic degradation due to the presence of pyrite, possible surface-bound iron (II) or reduced iron sulphides in the downgradient part of the plume. This interpretation is supported by the relative lack of Dhc in the downgradient part of the plume. The results of this study show that thermal remediation can enhance the biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes, and that this effect can be traced to the mobilisation of DOC due to steam injection. This, in turn, results in more reduced redox conditions which favor active reductive dechlorination and/or may lead to a series of redox reactions which may consecutively trigger biotically induced abiotic degradation. Finally, this study illustrates the valuable complementary application of compound-specific isotopic analysis combined with molecular biology tools to evaluate which biogeochemical processes are taking place in an aquifer contaminated with chlorinated ethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Badin
- University of Neuchâtel, Centre for Hydrogeology & Geothermics (CHYN), Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Broholm
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljøvej, DTU B113, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten S Jacobsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Department of Geochemistry, Ø. Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark
| | - Jordi Palau
- University of Neuchâtel, Centre for Hydrogeology & Geothermics (CHYN), Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Dennis
- SiREM, 130 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario, N1G5G3, Canada
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- University of Neuchâtel, Centre for Hydrogeology & Geothermics (CHYN), Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Zou Y, Wang X, Khan A, Wang P, Liu Y, Alsaedi A, Hayat T, Wang X. Environmental Remediation and Application of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron and Its Composites for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7290-304. [PMID: 27331413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in the industrial effluents has recently been a challenging issue for human health. Efficient removal of heavy metal ions from environment is one of the most important issues from biological and environmental point of view, and many studies have been devoted to investigate the environmental behavior of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions, present both in the surface and underground wastewater. The aim of this review is to show the excellent removal capacity and environmental remediation of NZVI-based materials for various heavy metal ions. A new look on NZVI-based materials (e.g., modified or matrix-supported NZVI materials) and possible interaction mechanism (e.g., adsorption, reduction and oxidation) and the latest environmental application. The effects of various environmental conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, coexisting oxy-anions and cations) and potential problems for the removal of heavy metal ions on NZVI-based materials with the DFT theoretical calculations and EXAFS technology are discussed. Research shows that NZVI-based materials have satisfactory removal capacities for heavy metal ions and play an important role in the environmental pollution cleanup. Possible improvement of NZVI-based materials and potential areas for future applications in environment remediation are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ayub Khan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Pengyi Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Jiangsu, P.R. China
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zou Y, Wang X, Khan A, Wang P, Liu Y, Alsaedi A, Hayat T, Wang X. Environmental Remediation and Application of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron and Its Composites for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7290-7304. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ayub Khan
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Pengyi Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School
of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM
Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM
Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Jiangsu, P.R. China
- NAAM
Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Pati SG, Kohler HPE, Pabis A, Paneth P, Parales RE, Hofstetter TB. Substrate and Enzyme Specificity of the Kinetic Isotope Effects Associated with the Dioxygenation of Nitroaromatic Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6708-16. [PMID: 26895026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a promising approach for tracking biotransformation of organic pollutants, but isotope fractionation associated with aromatic oxygenations is only poorly understood. We investigated the dioxygenation of a series of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding catechols by two enzymes, namely, nitrobenzene and 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase (NBDO and 2NTDO) to elucidate the enzyme- and substrate-specificity of C and H isotope fractionation. While the apparent (13)C- and (2)H-kinetic isotope effects of nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene isomers, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and naphthalene dioxygenation by NBDO varied considerably, the correlation of C and H isotope fractionation revealed a common mechanism for nitrobenzene and nitrotoluenes. Similar observations were made for the dioxygenation of these substrates by 2NTDO. Evaluation of reaction kinetics, isotope effects, and commitment-to-catalysis based on experiment and theory showed that rates of dioxygenation are determined by the enzymatic O2 activation and aromatic C oxygenation. The contribution of enzymatic O2 activation to the reaction rate varies for different nitroaromatic substrates of NBDO and 2NTDO. Because aromatic dioxygenation by nonheme iron dioxygenases is frequently the initial step of biodegradation, O2 activation kinetics may also have been responsible for the minor isotope fractionation reported for the oxygenation of other aromatic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Pati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Pabis
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rebecca E Parales
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Liu Y, Zhou A, Gan Y, Li X. Effects of inorganic anions on carbon isotope fractionation during Fenton-like degradation of trichloroethene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:187-191. [PMID: 26835895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the magnitude and variability in isotope fractionation with respect to specific processes is crucial to the application of stable isotopic analysis as a tool to infer and quantify transformation processes. The variability of carbon isotope fractionation during Fenton-like degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) in the presence of different inorganic ions (nitrate, sulfate, and chloride), was investigated to evaluate the potential effects of inorganic anions on carbon isotope enrichment factor (ε value). A comparison of ε values obtained in deionized water, nitrate solution, and sulfate solution demonstrated that the ε values were identical and not affected by the presence of nitrate and sulfate. In the presence of chloride, however, the ε values (ranging from -6.3±0.8 to 10±1.3‰) were variable and depended on the chloride concentration, indicating that chloride could significantly affect carbon isotope fractionation during Fenton-like degradation of TCE. Thus, caution should be exercised in selecting appropriate ε values for the field application of stable isotope analysis, as various chloride concentrations may be present due to naturally present or introduced with pH adjustment and iron salts during Fenton-like remediation. Furthermore, the effects of chloride on carbon isotope fractionation may be able to provide new insights about reaction mechanisms of Fenton-like processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-restoration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Liu Y, Zhou A, Gan Y, Li X. Variability in carbon isotope fractionation of trichloroethene during degradation by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron: Effects of inorganic anions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 548-549:1-5. [PMID: 26784392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotope analysis has the potential to be used for assessing the performance of in situ remediation of organic contaminants. Successful application of this isotope technique requires understanding the magnitude and variability in carbon isotope fractionation associated with the reactions under consideration. This study investigated the influence of inorganic anions (sulfate, bicarbonate, and chloride) on carbon isotope fractionation of trichloroethene (TCE) during its degradation by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron. The results demonstrated that the significant carbon isotope fractionation (enrichment factors ε ranging from -3.4±0.3 to -4.3±0.3‰) was independent on the zero-iron dosage, sulfate concentration, and bicarbonate concentration. However, the ε values (ranging from -7.0±0.4 to -13.6±1.2‰) were dependent on the chloride concentration, indicating that chloride could significantly affect carbon isotope fractionation during TCE degradation by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron. The dependence of ε values on chloride concentration, indicated that TCE degradation mechanisms may be different from the degradation mechanism caused by sulfate radical (SO4(-)). Ignoring the effect of chloride on ε value may cause numerous uncertainties in quantitative assessment of the performance of the in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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38
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Fan D, Bradley MJ, Hinkle AW, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG. Chemical Reactivity Probes for Assessing Abiotic Natural Attenuation by Reducing Iron Minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1868-76. [PMID: 26814150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing recognition that abiotic natural attenuation (NA) of chlorinated solvents can be important has created demand for improved methods to characterize the redox properties of the aquifer materials that are responsible for abiotic NA. This study explores one promising approach: using chemical reactivity probes (CRPs) to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of contaminant reduction by reducing iron minerals. Assays of thermodynamic CRPs were developed to determine the reduction potentials (ECRP) of suspended minerals by spectrophotometric determination of equilibrium CRP speciation and calculations using the Nernst equation. ECRP varied as expected with mineral type, mineral loading, and Fe(II) concentration. Comparison of ECRP with reduction potentials measured potentiometrically using a Pt electrode (EPt) showed that ECRP was 100-150 mV more negative than EPt. When EPt was measured with small additions of CRPs, the systematic difference between EPt and ECRP was eliminated, suggesting that these CRPs are effective mediators of electron transfer between mineral and electrode surfaces. Model contaminants (4-chloronitrobenzene, 2-chloroacetophenone, and carbon tetrachloride) were used as kinetic CRPs. The reduction rate constants of kinetic CRPs correlated well with the ECRP for mineral suspensions. Using the rate constants compiled from literature for contaminants and relative mineral reduction potentials based on ECRP measurements, qualitatively consistent trends were obtained, suggesting that CRP-based assays may be useful for estimating abiotic NA rates of contaminants in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimin Fan
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Miranda J Bradley
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Adrian W Hinkle
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Richard L Johnson
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Audí-Miró C, Cretnik S, Torrentó C, Rosell M, Shouakar-Stash O, Otero N, Palau J, Elsner M, Soler A. C, Cl and H compound-specific isotope analysis to assess natural versus Fe(0) barrier-induced degradation of chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated site. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:747-754. [PMID: 26248540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotopic analysis of multiple elements (C, Cl, H) was tested to better assess the effect of a zero-valent iron-permeable reactive barrier (ZVI-PRB) installation at a site contaminated with tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). The focus was on (1) using (13)C to evaluate natural chlorinated ethene biodegradation and the ZVI-PRB efficiency; (2) using dual element (13)C-(37)Cl isotopic analysis to distinguish biotic from abiotic degradation of cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE); and (3) using (13)C-(37)Cl-(2)H isotopic analysis of cis-DCE and TCE to elucidate different contaminant sources. Both biodegradation and degradation by ZVI-PRB were indicated by the metabolites that were detected and the (13)C data, with a quantitative estimate of the ZVI-PRB efficiency of less than 10% for PCE. Dual element (13)C-(37)Cl isotopic plots confirmed that biodegradation was the main process at the site including the ZVI-PRB area. Based on the carbon isotope data, approximately 45% and 71% of PCE and TCE, respectively, were estimated to be removed by biodegradation. (2)H combined with (13)C and (37)Cl seems to have identified two discrete sources contributing to the contaminant plume, indicating the potential of δ(2)H to discriminate whether a compound is of industrial origin, or whether a compound is formed as a daughter product during degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Audí-Miró
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefan Cretnik
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-National Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, 200 University Ave. W, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neus Otero
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Palau
- Université de Neuchâtel, CHYN - Centre d'Hydrogéologie, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-National Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal.lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Miller LG, Baesman SM, Oremland RS. Stable Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Bacterial Acetylene Fermentation: Potential for Life Detection in Hydrocarbon-Rich Volatiles of Icy Planet(oid)s. ASTROBIOLOGY 2015; 15:977-86. [PMID: 26539733 PMCID: PMC4653830 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report the first study of stable carbon isotope fractionation during microbial fermentation of acetylene (C2H2) in sediments, sediment enrichments, and bacterial cultures. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) averaged 3.7 ± 0.5‰ for slurries prepared with sediment collected at an intertidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay and 2.7 ± 0.2‰ for a pure culture of Pelobacter sp. isolated from these sediments. A similar KIE of 1.8 ± 0.7‰ was obtained for methanogenic enrichments derived from sediment collected at freshwater Searsville Lake, California. However, C2H2 uptake by a highly enriched mixed culture (strain SV7) obtained from Searsville Lake sediments resulted in a larger KIE of 9.0 ± 0.7‰. These are modest KIEs when compared with fractionation observed during oxidation of C1 compounds such as methane and methyl halides but are comparable to results obtained with other C2 compounds. These observations may be useful in distinguishing biologically active processes operating at distant locales in the Solar System where C2H2 is present. These locales include the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan and the vaporous water- and hydrocarbon-rich jets emanating from Enceladus. KEY WORDS Acetylene-Fermentation-Isotope fractionation-Enceladus-Life detection.
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41
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Mackuľak T, Takáčová A, Gál M, Marton M, Ryba J. PVC degradation by Fenton reaction and biological decomposition. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Schaefer CE, Towne RM, Lippincott DR, Lacombe PJ, Bishop ME, Dong H. Abiotic dechlorination in rock matrices impacted by long-term exposure to TCE. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:744-749. [PMID: 25192648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Field and laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the abiotic reaction of trichloroethene (TCE) in sedimentary rock matrices. Hydraulically conductive fractures, and the rock directly adjacent to the hydraulically conductive fractures, within a historically contaminated TCE bedrock aquifer were used as the basis for this study. These results were compared to previous work using rock that had not been exposed to TCE (Schaefer et al., 2013) to assess the impact of long-term TCE exposure on the abiotic dechlorination reaction, as the longevity of these reactions after long-term exposure to TCE was hitherto unknown. Results showed that potential abiotic TCE degradation products, including ethane, ethene, and acetylene, were present in the conductive fractures. Using minimally disturbed slices of rock core at and near the fracture faces, laboratory testing on the rocks confirmed that abiotic dechlorination reactions between the rock matrix and TCE were occurring. Abiotic daughter products measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions were consistent with those measured in the conductive fractures, except that propane also was observed as a daughter product. TCE degradation measured in the laboratory was well described by a first order rate constant through the 118-d study. Observed bulk first-order TCE degradation rate constants within the rock matrix were 1.3×10(-8) s(-1). These results clearly show that abiotic dechlorination of TCE is occurring within the rock matrix, despite decades of exposure to TCE. Furthermore, these observed rates of TCE dechlorination are expected to have a substantial impact on TCE migration and uptake/release from rock matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Schaefer
- CB&I Federal Services, LLC, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States.
| | - Rachael M Towne
- CB&I Federal Services, LLC, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - David R Lippincott
- CB&I Federal Services, LLC, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - Pierre J Lacombe
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - Michael E Bishop
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
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43
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Palau J, Shouakar-Stash O, Hunkeler D. Carbon and chlorine isotope analysis to identify abiotic degradation pathways of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14400-14408. [PMID: 25379605 DOI: 10.1021/es504252z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates dual C-Cl isotope fractionation during 1,1,1-TCA transformation by heat-activated persulfate (PS), hydrolysis/dehydrohalogenation (HY/DH) and Fe(0). Compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis of 1,1,1-TCA was performed for the first time, and transformation-associated isotope fractionation ε bulk C and ε bulk Cl values were -4.0 ± 0.2‰ and no chlorine isotope fractionation with PS, -1.6 ± 0.2‰ and -4.7 ± 0.1‰ for HY/DH, -7.8 ± 0.4‰ and -5.2 ± 0.2‰ with Fe(0). Distinctly different dual isotope slopes (Δδ13C/Δδ37Cl): ∞ with PS, 0.33 ± 0.04 for HY/DH and 1.5 ± 0.1 with Fe(0) highlight the potential of this approach to identify abiotic degradation pathways of 1,1,1-TCA in the field. The trend observed with PS agreed with a C-H bond oxidation mechanism in the first reaction step. For HY/DH and Fe(0) pathways, different slopes were obtained although both pathways involve cleavage of a C-Cl bond in their initial reaction step. In contrast to the expected larger primary carbon isotope effects relative to chlorine for C-Cl bond cleavage, ε bulk C < ε bulk Cl was observed for HY/DH and in a similar range for reduction by Fe(0), suggesting the contribution of secondary chlorine isotope effects. Therefore, different magnitude of secondary chlorine isotope effects could at least be partly responsible for the distinct slopes between HY/DH and Fe(0) pathways. Following this dual isotope approach, abiotic transformation processes can unambiguously be identified and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Palau
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
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44
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Pati SG, Kohler HPE, Bolotin J, Parales RE, Hofstetter TB. Isotope effects of enzymatic dioxygenation of nitrobenzene and 2-nitrotoluene by nitrobenzene dioxygenase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10750-10759. [PMID: 25101486 DOI: 10.1021/es5028844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenation of aromatic rings is a frequent initial step in the biodegradation of persistent contaminants, and the accompanying isotope fractionation is increasingly used to assess the extent of transformation in the environment. Here, we systematically investigated the dioxygenation of two nitroaromatic compounds (nitrobenzene and 2-nitrotoluene) by nitrobenzene dioxygenase (NBDO) to obtain insights into the factors governing its C, H, and N isotope fractionation. Experiments were carried out at different levels of biological complexity from whole bacterial cells to pure enzyme. C, H, and N isotope enrichment factors and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were derived from the compound-specific isotope analysis of nitroarenes, whereas C isotope fractionation was also quantified in the oxygenated reaction products. Dioxygenation of nitrobenzene to catechol and 2-nitrotoluene to 3-methylcatechol showed large C isotope enrichment factors, ϵC, of -4.1 ± 0.2‰ and -2.5 ± 0.2‰, respectively, and was observed consistently in the substrates and dioxygenation products. ϵH- and ϵN-values were smaller, that is -5.7 ± 1.3‰ and -1.0 ± 0.3‰, respectively. C isotope fractionation was also identical in experiments with whole bacterial cells and pure enzymes. The corresponding (13)C-KIEs for the dioxygenation of nitrobenzene and 2-nitrotoluene were 1.025 ± 0.001 and 1.018 ± 0.001 and suggest a moderate substrate specificity. Our study illustrates that dioxygenation of nitroaromatic contaminants exhibits a large C isotope fractionation, which is not masked by substrate transport and uptake processes and larger than dioxygenation of other aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Pati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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45
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Schmidt M, Lege S, Nijenhuis I. Comparison of 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloroethene and vinyl chloride carbon stable isotope fractionation during dechlorination by two Dehalococcoides strains. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 52:146-154. [PMID: 24468425 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon stable isotope fractionation during 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) dechlorination was analysed for two Dehalococcoides strains, Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195 (formerly Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195) and D. mccartyi strain BTF08, and used to characterize the reaction. The isotope enrichment factors (εC) determined for 1,2-DCA were -30.8 ± 1.3‰ and -29.0 ± 3.0‰ for D. mccartyi strain BTF08 and D. mccartyi strain 195, respectively. Enrichment factors (εC) determined for chlorinated ethenes with strain BTF08 were -28.8 ± 1.5‰ (VC), -30.5 ± 1.5‰ (cis-DCE) and -12.4 ± 1.1‰ (1,1-DCE). Product, ethene, related enrichment factors (εC1,2-DCA-ethene) calculated for 1,2-DCA (-34.1 and -32.3‰ for strain BTF08 and strain 195, respectively) were similar to substrate based enrichment factors (εC1,2-DCA), supporting the hypothesis that ethene is the direct product of 1,2-DCA dichloroelimination but that VC was a side product as result of branching in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schmidt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sascha Lege
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Kuder T, van Breukelen BM, Vanderford M, Philp P. 3D-CSIA: carbon, chlorine, and hydrogen isotope fractionation in transformation of TCE to ethene by a Dehalococcoides culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9668-9677. [PMID: 23895211 DOI: 10.1021/es400463p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), and hydrogen (H) isotope effects were determined during dechlorination of TCE to ethene by a mixed Dehalococcoides (Dhc) culture. The C isotope effects for the dechlorination steps were consistent with data published in the past for reductive dechlorination (RD) by Dhc. The Cl effects (combined with an inverse H effect in TCE) suggested that dechlorination proceeded through nucleophilic reactions with cobalamin rather than by an electron transfer mechanism. Depletions of (37)Cl in daughter compounds, resulting from fractionation at positions away from the dechlorination center (secondary isotope effects), further support the nucleophilic dechlorination mechanism. Determination of C and Cl isotope ratios of the reactants and products in the reductive dechlorination chain offers a potential tool for differentiation of Dhc activity from alternative transformation mechanisms (e.g., aerobic degradation and reductive dechlorination proceeding via outer sphere mechanisms), in studies of in situ attenuation of chlorinated ethenes. Hydrogenation of the reaction products (DCE, VC, and ethene) showed a major preference for the (1)H isotope. Detection of depleted dechlorination products could provide a line of evidence in discrimination between alternative sources of TCE (e.g., evolution from DNAPL sources or from conversion of PCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kuder
- School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma , 100 E. Boyd Street, SEC 710, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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47
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Wiegert C, Mandalakis M, Knowles T, Polymenakou PN, Aeppli C, Macháčková J, Holmstrand H, Evershed RP, Pancost RD, Gustafsson O. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during microbial degradation of tetra- and trichloroethene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6449-6456. [PMID: 23668287 DOI: 10.1021/es305236y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional compound-specific isotope analysis (2D-CSIA), combining stable carbon and chlorine isotopes, holds potential for monitoring of natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) in contaminated soil and groundwater. However, interpretation of 2D-CSIA data sets is challenged by a shortage of experimental Cl isotope enrichment factors. Here, isotope enrichments factors for C and Cl (i.e., εC and εCl) were determined for biodegradation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) using microbial enrichment cultures from a heavily CE-contaminated aquifer. The obtained values were εC = -5.6 ± 0.7‰ (95% CI) and εCl = -2.0 ± 0.5‰ for PCE degradation and εC = -8.8 ± 0.2‰ and εCl = -3.5 ± 0.5‰ for TCE degradation. Combining the values for both εC and εCl yielded mechanism-diagnostic εCl/εC ratios of 0.35 ± 0.11 and 0.37 ± 0.11 for the degradation of PCE and TCE, respectively. Application of the obtained εC and εCl values to a previously investigated field site gave similar estimates for the fraction of degraded contaminant as in the previous study, but with a reduced uncertainty in assessment of the natural attenuation. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses were performed on three samples from the PCE degradation experiments. A species closely related to Desulfitobacterium aromaticivorans UKTL dominated the reductive dechlorination process. This study contributes to the development of 2D-CSIA as a tool for evaluating remediation strategies of CEs at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Wiegert
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, ITM, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Liu X, Yoon S, Batchelor B, Abdel-Wahab A. Degradation of vinyl chloride (VC) by the sulfite/UV advanced reduction process (ARP): effects of process variables and a kinetic model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:578-583. [PMID: 23570912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl chloride (VC) poses a threat to humans and environment due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, an advanced reduction process (ARP) that combines sulfite with UV light was developed to destroy VC. The degradation of VC followed pseudo-first-order decay kinetics and the effects of several experimental factors on the degradation rate constant were investigated. The largest rate constant was observed at pH9, but complete dechlorination was obtained at pH11. Higher sulfite dose and light intensity were found to increase the rate constant linearly. The rate constant had a little drop when the initial VC concentration was below 1.5mg/L and then was approximately constant between 1.5mg/L and 3.1mg/L. A degradation mechanism was proposed to describe reactions between VC and the reactive species that were produced by the photolysis of sulfite. A kinetic model that described major reactions in the system was developed and was able to explain the dependence of the rate constant on the experimental factors examined. This study may provide a new treatment technology for the removal of a variety of halogenated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhou A, Gan Y, Liu C, Yu T, Li X. Stable carbon isotope fractionation during trichloroethene degradation in magnetite-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2013; 145:37-43. [PMID: 23286906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mineral-catalyzed Fenton-like oxidation of chlorinated ethylenes is an attractive technique for in situ soil and groundwater remediation. Stable carbon isotope enrichment factors associated with magnetite-catalyzed Fenton-like oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) have been determined, to study the possibility of applying stable carbon isotope analysis as a technique to assess the efficacy of remediation implemented by Fenton-like oxidation. The carbon enrichment factors (ε values) ranged from -2.7‰ to -3.6‰ with a mean value of -3.3±0.3‰, and only small differences were observed for different initial reactive conditions. The ε values were robust and reproducible, and were relatively insensitive to a number of environmental factors such as ratios of reactants and PCE co-contamination, which can reduce the uncertainty associated with application of isotope enrichment factors for quantification of in situ remediation by Fenton-like reaction. ε values for Fenton-like oxidation of TCE were intermediate in those previously reported for aerobic biological processes (ε=-1.1 to -20.7‰). Thus, field-derived ε values that are more negative than those for Fenton-like oxidation, may indicate the occurrence of aerobic biodegradation at contaminated sites undergoing in situ remediation with Fenton-like reaction. However, stable carbon isotope analysis is unable to determine whether there is the occurrence of biodegradation processes if field-derived ε values are less negative than those for Fenton-like oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunde Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Pelton EJ, Blank DA, McNeill K. Dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by a photochemically generated iron(0) complex. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10121-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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