1
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Mayer LC, Heitsch S, Trapp O. Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis by Design: Concept, Synthesis, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3345-3361. [PMID: 36351215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis constitutes a key technology for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds as well as for the selective control of individual stereocenters in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is thus of extraordinary importance for the synthesis of chiral drugs, dietary supplements, flavors, and fragrances, as well as novel materials with tunable and reconfigurable chiroptical properties or the assembly of complex natural products. Typically, enantiomerically pure catalysts are used for this purpose. To prepare enantiomerically pure ligands or organocatalysts, one can make use of the natural chiral pool. Ligands and organocatalysts with an atropisomeric biphenyl and binaphthyl system have become popular, as they are configurationally stable and contain a C2-symmetric skeleton, which has been found to be particularly privileged. For catalysts with opposite configurations, both product enantiomers can be obtained. Configurationally flexible biphenyl systems initially appeared to be unsuitable for this purpose, as they racemize after successful enantiomer separation and thus are neither storable nor afford a reproducible enantioselectivity. However, there are strategies that exploit the dynamics of such ligands to stereoconvergently enrich one of the catalyst enantiomers. This can be achieved, for example, by coordinating an enantiomerically pure additive to a ligand-metal complex, which results in deracemization of the configurationally flexible biphenyl system, thereby enriching the thermodynamically preferred diastereomer. In this Account, we present our strategy to design stereochemically flexible catalysts that combine the properties of supramolecular recognition, stereoconvergent alignment, and catalysis. Such systems are capable to recognize the chirality of the target product, leading to an increase in enantioselectivity during asymmetric catalysis. We have systematically developed and investigated these smart catalyst systems and have found ways to specifically design and synthesize them for various applications. In addition to (i) reaction product-induced chiral amplification, we have developed systems with (ii) intermolecular and (iii) intramolecular recognition, and successfully applied them in asymmetric catalysis. Our results pave the way for new applications such as temperature-controlled enantioselectivity, controlled inversion of enantioselectivity with the same chirality of the recognition unit, generation of positive nonlinear effects, and targeted design of autocatalytic systems through dynamic formation of transient catalysts. Understanding such systems is of enormous importance for catalytic processes leading to symmetry breaking and amplification of small imbalances of enantiomers and offer a possible explanation of homochirality of biological systems. In addition, we are learning how to target supramolecular interactions to enhance enantioselectivities in asymmetric catalysis through secondary double stereocontrol. Configurationally flexible catalysts will enable future resource-efficient development of asymmetric syntheses, as enantioselectivities can be fully switched by stereoselective alignment of the stereochemically flexible ligand core on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Simone Heitsch
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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2
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Xu P, Shen C, Xu A, Low K, Huang Z. Desymmetric Cyanosilylation of Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208443. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Aiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kam‐Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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3
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Huber L, Trapp O. Symmetry Breaking by Consecutive Amplification: Efficient Paths to Homochirality. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:75-91. [PMID: 35984585 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand chiral symmetry breaking on the molecular level, we developed a method to efficiently investigate reaction kinetics of single molecules. The model systems include autocatalysis as well as a reaction cascade to gain further insight into the prebiotic origin of homochirality. The simulated reactions start with a substrate and only a single catalyst molecule, and the occurrence of symmetry breaking was examined for its degree of dependence on randomness. The results demonstrate that interlocking processes, which e.g., form catalysts, autocatalytic systems, or reaction cascades that build on each other and lead to a kinetic acceleration, can very well amplify a statistically occurring symmetry breaking. These results suggest a promising direction for the experimental implementation and identification of such processes, which could have led to a shift out of thermodynamic equilibrium in the emergence of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Menke JM, Trapp O. Controlling the Enantioselectivity in an Adaptable Ligand by Biomimetic Intramolecular Interlocking. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11165-11171. [PMID: 35939525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For the preparation of chiral drugs, both stereochemically stable and flexible catalysts in combination with chiral auxiliaries can be used. Here, chiral induction plays an important role in generating an enantiomerically pure catalyst. We demonstrate a successful approach to the spontaneous deracemization of tropos ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Three different constitutional isomers of a bisphosphinite ligand decorated with l-valine moieties (interaction units) linked to the flexible biphenyl system by a phenylene bridge for inducing a chiral switch were prepared. The substitution pattern's influence on the attached intermolecular recognition sites was systematically investigated. We can show that biomimetic intramolecular hydrogen bonding leads to a pronounced diastereoselective enrichment of one of the ligand stereoisomers. As a result, in the asymmetric Rh-catalyzed hydrogenation of prochiral olefins using these ligands, enantiomeric ratios of up to 95.8:4.2 (S) were obtained. Of particular note is the inversion of enantioselectivity relative to the previously reported BIBIPHOS-Rh catalyst due to the altered orientation of the biphenyl moiety from (Rax) to (Sax). The enantioselectivities achieved by appropriate intramolecular interlocking are remarkable for a tropos ligand/catalyst. The strategy presented here represents a powerful approach for the spontaneous alignment of tropos ligands, yielding high enantioselectivities in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Menke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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5
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Xu P, Shen C, Xu A, Low KH, Huang Z. Desymmetric Cyanosilylation of Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Chang Shen
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Aiqing Xu
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry RM 608 Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry Building na Hong Kong HONG KONG
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6
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Geiger Y, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Non‐Linear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis: Impact of Catalyst Precipitation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Université de Strasbourg 1: Universite de Strasbourg IPCMS FRANCE
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7
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Abstract
For over 25 years the chemistry community has puzzled over the mechanism of the Soai reaction, a fascinating chemical process which achieves chiral symmetry breaking by combining autocatalysis with asymmetric amplification. In 2020, the groups of Denmark and Trapp each made a proposal, based on extensive experimental work, on what is the catalytic species there: either a tetrameric product alkoxide aggregate ("SMS tetramer") or a product-substrate dimer ("hemiacetal"). These models seemingly oppose and exclude each other; however, they might also be both valid since the studies were conducted on different substrates which are not necessarily equivalent. This is shown in this Viewpoint by an in-depth comparison of the two studies and of data from earlier reports, which opens up to a discussion on this scenario's far-reaching implications on the fundamental understanding of asymmetry-amplifying autocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Matsumoto A, Tanaka A, Kaimori Y, Hara N, Mikata Y, Soai K. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of catalyst preequilibrium in asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11209-11212. [PMID: 34622895 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of the asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol is a highly attractive and challenging topic due to its unique feature of amplification of enantiomeric excess. Circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis of this reaction allows monitoring of the structual changes of possible catalyst precursors in the solution state and shows characteristic temperature and solvent dependence. TD-DFT calculations suggest that these spectral changes are induced by a dimer-tetramer equilibrium of zinc alkoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Ayame Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Kaimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Mikata
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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9
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Dahiya G, Pappoppula M, Aponick A. Configuration Sampling With Five-Membered Atropisomeric P,N-Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19604-19608. [PMID: 34196080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a strategy for the systematic variation of atropisomeric C1 -symmetric P,N ligands to incrementally change the position of the groups within the chiral pocket without modifying their steric parameters. More specifically, the effects of systematic modification of the nitrogen heterocycle in atropisomeric C1 -symmetric stack ligands have been investigated in this study. The versatility and applicability of this approach has been demonstrated in mechanistically distinct catalytic enantioselective transformations, resulting in the identification of a P,N-ligand for a highly enantioselective synthesis of organoboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Dahiya
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mukesh Pappoppula
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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10
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Dahiya G, Pappoppula M, Aponick A. Configuration Sampling With Five‐Membered Atropisomeric
P
,
N
‐Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Dahiya
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Mukesh Pappoppula
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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11
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Soai K, Matsumoto A, Kawasaki T. Asymmetric Autocatalysis as a Link Between Crystal Chirality and Highly Enantioenriched Organic Compounds. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation Waseda University Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, 162 0041 Japan
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Environmental Science Nara Women's University Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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12
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Zelga K, Pietrzak T, Han T, Justyniak I, Chwojnowska E, Sobota P, Lewiński J. Effectiveness of the Oxygenation over Classical Protonolysis Reactions: A Case of Alkylzinc Complexes Incorporating an Aminoalcoholate Ligand. Chemistry 2021; 27:14234-14239. [PMID: 34346529 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alkylzinc aminoalcoholates have emerged as powerful catalysts in organic synthesis and polymerization processes. Despite extensive research, difficulties in the rational design of these catalytic systems and in-depth understanding of their modes of action have hitherto been encountered. Most of the major obstacles stem largely from the relatively limited knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of zinc catalysts. In fact, the key active species are often generated in situ via the protonolysis of the alkylzinc precursors, which precludes their isolation and detailed characterization. Herein, the effectiveness of the oxygenation over the classical protonolysis in the synthesis of zinc alkylperoxides stabilized by an aminoalcoholate ligand is demonstrated. The controlled oxygenation of a tert-butylzinc complex incorporating a pridinolum (prinol) ligand leads to well-defined a dinuclear adduct of a (prinol)ZnOOtBu moiety with the parent tBuZn(prinol) complex and a novel dimer [tBuOOZn(prinol)]2 with terminal alkylperoxide groups. The observed reaction outcomes strongly depend on the reaction conditions. Although sparse examples of heteroleptic adducts of the [RZn(L)]x [ROOZn(L)]y -type are known, the herein reported homoleptic [ROOZn(L)]x aggregate is unprecedented. Strikingly, comparative studies involving reactions between tBuZn(prinol) and tert-butylhydroperoxide or ethanol revealed that the respective seemingly simple zinc alkylperoxides, or zinc alkoxides, respectively, are not accessible via the classical alcoholysis. We believe that these game-changing results concerning multifaceted chemistry of organozinc aminoalcoholates should pave the way for more rational development of various Zn-based catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Zelga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Han
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław Polish Academy of Science, F. Joliot-Curie '4, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Chwojnowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobota
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław Polish Academy of Science, F. Joliot-Curie '4, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Yoshigoe Y, Suzaki Y, Osakada K. Cyclic Diplatinum Complex with a Tröger's Base Ligand and Reductive Elimination of a Highly Strained Ring Molecule. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
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14
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Geiger Y, Achard T, Maisse‐François A, Bellemin‐Laponnaz S. Absence of Non‐Linear Effects Despite Evidence for Catalyst Aggregation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 67000 Strasbourg France
- Current address: Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Achard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Aline Maisse‐François
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin‐Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 67000 Strasbourg France
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15
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Tak RK, Amemiya F, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Generation and application of Cu-bound alkyl nitrenes for the catalyst-controlled synthesis of cyclic β-amino acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7809-7817. [PMID: 34168835 PMCID: PMC8188474 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of saturated N-heterocycles as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry has led to the development of new methods to construct such nitrogen-containing cyclic frameworks. Despite the apparent strategic clarity, intramolecular C-H aminations with metallonitrenes have only sporadically been explored in this direction because of the intractability of the requisite alkyl nitrenes. Here, we report copper-catalysed intramolecular amination using an alkyl nitrene generated from substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones upon N-O bond cleavage. The copper catalysis exclusively aminates aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds among other potentially reactive groups, offering a solution to the chemoselectivity problem that has been troublesome with rhodium catalysis. A combined experimental and computational study suggested that the active species in the current cyclic β-amino acid synthesis is a dicopper alkyl nitrene, which follows a cyclisation pathway distinct from the analogous alkyl metallonitrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Fuyuki Amemiya
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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16
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Mąkolski Ł, Szejko V, Zelga K, Tulewicz A, Bernatowicz P, Justyniak I, Lewiński J. Unravelling Structural Mysteries of Simple Organozinc Alkoxides. Chemistry 2021; 27:5666-5674. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Mąkolski
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Vadim Szejko
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karolina Zelga
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Adam Tulewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Bernatowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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17
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Nanko M, Inaba Y, Sekine K, Mikami K. Mono‐Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Reaction of Ynones with Styrenes: Tandem
Diels–Alder
and Ene Sequence. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nanko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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18
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Yao C, Wu P, Huang Y, Chen Y, Li L, Li YM. Binaphthyl-based chiral ligands: design, synthesis and evaluation of their performance in enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9712-9725. [PMID: 33237100 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design strategy and the performance of binaphthyl-based chiral ligands were evaluated with computation and enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. Under optimized conditions, enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes provided the desired optically active secondary alcohols in high isolated yields (up to 91%) and excellent enantiomeric excesses (up to 98% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Park B, Imamura Y, Yamago S. Stereocontrolled radical polymerization of acrylamides by ligand-accelerated catalysis. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Trapp O. Efficient Amplification in Soai's Asymmetric Autocatalysis by a Transient Stereodynamic Catalyst. Front Chem 2020; 8:615800. [PMID: 33363117 PMCID: PMC7755983 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.615800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms leading to a molecular evolution and the formation of homochirality in nature are interconnected and a key to the underlying principles that led to the emergence of life. So far proposed mechanisms leading to a non-linear reaction behavior are based mainly on the formation of homochiral and heterochiral dimers. Since homochiral and heterochiral dimers are diastereomers of each other, the minor enantiomer is shifted out of equilibrium with the major enantiomer by dimer formation and thus a reaction or catalysis can be dominated by the remaining molecules of the major enantiomer. In this article a mechanism is shown that leads to homochirality by the formation of a highly catalytically active transient intermediate in a stereodynamically controlled reaction. This is demonstrated by Soai's asymmetric autocatalysis, in which aldehydes are transformed into the corresponding alcohols by addition of dialkylzinc reagents. The mechanism of chirogenesis proposed here shows that an apparently inefficient reaction is the best prerequisite for a selection mechanism. In addition, stereodynamic control offers the advantage that the minor diastereomeric intermediate can be interconverted into the major diastereomer and thus be stereoeconomically efficient. This is supported by computer simulation of reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Trapp O, Lamour S, Maier F, Siegle AF, Zawatzky K, Straub BF. In Situ Mass Spectrometric and Kinetic Investigations of Soai's Asymmetric Autocatalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:15871-15880. [PMID: 32822103 PMCID: PMC7756584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions that lead to a spontaneous symmetry breaking or amplification of the enantiomeric excess are of fundamental interest in explaining the formation of a homochiral world. An outstanding example is Soai's asymmetric autocatalysis, in which small enantiomeric excesses of the added product alcohol are amplified in the reaction of diisopropylzinc and pyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes. The exact mechanism is still in dispute due to complex reaction equilibria and elusive intermediates. In situ high-resolution mass spectrometric measurements, detailed kinetic analyses and doping with in situ reacting reaction mixtures show the transient formation of hemiacetal complexes, which can establish an autocatalytic cycle. We propose a mechanism that explains the autocatalytic amplification involving these hemiacetal complexes. Comprehensive kinetic experiments and modelling of the hemiacetal formation and the Soai reaction allow the precise prediction of the reaction progress, the enantiomeric excess as well as the enantiomeric excess dependent time shift in the induction period. Experimental structural data give insights into the privileged properties of the pyrimidyl units and the formation of diastereomeric structures leading to an efficient amplification of even minimal enantiomeric excesses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstr. 5-1381377MunichGermany
- Max-Planck-Institute for AstronomyKönigstuhl 1769117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Saskia Lamour
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstr. 5-1381377MunichGermany
- Max-Planck-Institute for AstronomyKönigstuhl 1769117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Maier
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstr. 5-1381377MunichGermany
| | - Alexander F. Siegle
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstr. 5-1381377MunichGermany
| | - Kerstin Zawatzky
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstr. 5-1381377MunichGermany
| | - Bernd F. Straub
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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22
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Le TP, Tanaka S, Yoshimura M, Kitamura M. Mechanism Change of (+)-Nonlinear Effect in a Phase Separation System in a CuII-Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts Reaction Using a C2-Chiral Dioxolane-Containing-Bisamidine Ligand, Naph-diPIM-dioxo-iPr. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thien Phuc Le
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshimura
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Iwasaki, Nisshin, Aichi 470-0195, Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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24
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Gao E, Li Q, Duan L, Li L, Li YM. Isosterically designed chiral catalysts: Rationale, optimization and their application in enantioselective nucleophilic addition to aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Geiger Y, Achard T, Maisse-François A, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Hyperpositive non-linear effects: enantiodivergence and modelling. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12453-12463. [PMID: 34094450 PMCID: PMC8163304 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04724d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chiral ligand N-methylephedrine (NME) was found to catalyse the addition of dimethylzinc to benzaldehyde in an enantiodivergent way, with a monomeric and a homochiral dimeric complex both catalysing the reaction at a steady state and giving opposite product enantiomers. A change in the sign of the enantiomeric product was thus possible by simply varying the catalyst loading or the ligand ee, giving rise to an enantiodivergent non-linear effect. Simulations using a mathematical model confirmed the possibility of such behaviour and showed that this can lead to situations where a reaction gives racemic products, although the system is composed only of highly enantioselective individual catalysts. Furthermore, depending on the dimer's degree of participation in the catalytic conversion, enantiodivergence may or may not be observed experimentally, which raises questions about the possibility of enantiodivergence in other monomer/dimer-catalysed systems. Simulations of the reaction kinetics showed that the observed kinetic constant kobs is highly dependent on user-controlled parameters, such as the catalyst concentration and the ligand ee, and may thus vary in a distinct way from one experimental setup to another. This unusual dependency of kobs allowed us to confirm that a previously observed U-shaped catalyst order vs. catalyst loading-plot is linked to the simultaneous catalytic activity of both monomeric and dimeric complexes. An asymmetric reaction consisting of competing monomeric and dimeric catalysts may explain enantiodivergent non-linear effects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 Strasbourg France
| | - Thierry Achard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 Strasbourg France
| | - Aline Maisse-François
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7504 Strasbourg France
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26
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Geiger Y, Achard T, Maisse-François A, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Observation of hyperpositive non-linear effect in catalytic asymmetric organozinc additions to aldehydes. Chirality 2020; 32:1250-1256. [PMID: 32691914 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric amplification is a phenomenon that is believed to play a key role in the emergence of homochirality in life. In asymmetric catalysis, theoretical and experimental models have been investigated to provide an understanding of how chiral amplification is possible, in particular based on non-linear effects. Interestingly, it has been proposed a quarter century ago that chiral catalysts, when not enantiopure might even be more enantioselective than their enantiopure counterparts. We show here that such hyperpositive non-linear effect in asymmetric catalysis is indeed possible. An in-depth study into the underlying mechanism was carried out, and the scheme we derive differs from the previous proposed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Achard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Maisse-François
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Jarzebski A, Schnakenburg G, Lützen A. Chiral Self-Sorting Effects in the Self-Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Aggregates Comprising Ligands Derived from Tröger's Base. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1455-1464. [PMID: 32644289 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Five ligands with either nitrile or isonitrile metal binding motifs have been synthesized based on the 2,8- or 3,9-disubstituted Tröger's base scaffold, respectively. These ligands self-assemble into dinuclear cyclic metallosupramolecular aggregates upon coordination to [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2 ] in a highly diastereoselective manner, by heterochiral self-sorting in a chiral self-discriminating manner as shown by ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal XRD analysis. This observation is in contrast to earlier studies with ligands derived from Tröger's base that have larger metal binding motifs and bis(nitrile) and bis(isonitrile) ligands based on other rigid dissymmetric cores such as [2.2]paracyclophanes. Thus, the combination of these slim metal binding motifs with the rigid v-shaped 2,8- or 3,9-disubstituted Tröger's base scaffolds seems to be especially well preorganized to ensure high-fidelity social self-sorting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jarzebski
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- University of Bonn, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Aydin AE. Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes Using Novel Thiophene-Based Chiral Ligands. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Possible Physical Basis of Mirror Symmetry Effect in Racemic Mixtures of Enantiomers: From Wallach’s Rule, Nonlinear Effects, B–Z DNA Transition, and Similar Phenomena to Mirror Symmetry Effects of Chiral Objects. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects associated with mirror symmetry may be underlying for a number of phenomena in chemistry and physics. Increase in the density and melting point of the 50%L/50%D collection of enantiomers of a different sign (Wallach’s rule) is probably based on a physical effect of the mirror image. The catalytic activity of metal complexes with racemic ligands differs from the corresponding complexes with enantiomers as well (nonlinear effect). A similar difference in the physical properties of enantiomers and racemate underlies L/D inversion points of linear helical macromolecules, helical nanocrystals of magnetite and boron nitride etc., B–Z DNA transition and phenomenon of mirror neurons may have a similar nature. Here we propose an explanation of the Wallach effect along with some similar chemical, physical, and biological phenomena related to mirror image.
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30
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Wang H, Luo H, Zhang ZM, Zheng WF, Yin Y, Qian H, Zhang J, Ma S. Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Syntheses of Trisubstituted Allenes via Coupling of Propargylic Benzoates with Organoboronic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9763-9771. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hongwen Luo
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wei-Feng Zheng
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yu Yin
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hui Qian
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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31
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Demystifying the asymmetry-amplifying, autocatalytic behaviour of the Soai reaction through structural, mechanistic and computational studies. Nat Chem 2020; 12:412-423. [PMID: 32203445 PMCID: PMC7117993 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Soai reaction has profoundly impacted chemists' perspective of autocatalysis, chiral symmetry breaking, absolute asymmetric synthesis and its role in the origin of biological homochirality. Here we describe the unprecedented observation of asymmetry-amplifying autocatalysis in the alkylation of 5-(trimethylsilylethynyl)pyridine-3-carbaldehyde using diisopropylzinc. Kinetic studies with a surrogate substrate and spectroscopic analysis of a series of zinc alkoxides that incorporate specific structural mutations reveal a 'pyridine-assisted cube escape'. The new tetrameric cluster functions as a catalyst that activates the substrate through a two-point binding mode and poises a coordinated diisopropylzinc moiety for alkyl group transfer. Transition-state models leading to both the homochiral and heterochiral products were validated by density functional theory calculations. Moreover, experimental and computational analysis of the heterochiral complex provides a definitive explanation for the nonlinear behaviour of this system. Our deconstruction of the Soai system reveals the structural logic for autocatalyst evolution, function and substrate compatibility-a central mechanistic aspect of this iconic transformation.
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32
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Geiger Y, Achard T, Maisse-François A, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Hyperpositive nonlinear effects in asymmetric catalysis. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Volbach L, Struch N, Bohle F, Topić F, Schnakenburg G, Schneider A, Rissanen K, Grimme S, Lützen A. Influencing the Self-Sorting Behavior of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Ligands by Introducing Isostructural Binding Motifs. Chemistry 2020; 26:3335-3347. [PMID: 31815311 PMCID: PMC7154700 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two isostructural ligands with either nitrile (Lnit ) or isonitrile (Liso ) moieties directly connected to a [2.2]paracyclophane backbone with pseudo-meta substitution pattern have been synthesized. The ligand itself (Lnit ) or its precursors (Liso ) were resolved by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase and the absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by XRD analysis and/or by comparison of quantum-chemical simulated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Surprisingly, the resulting metallosupramolecular aggregates formed in solution upon coordination of [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2 ] differ in their composition: whereas Lnit forms dinuclear complexes, Liso exclusively forms trinuclear ones. Furthermore, they also differ in their chiral self-sorting behavior as (rac)-Liso undergoes exclusive social self-sorting leading to a heterochiral assembly, whereas (rac)-Liso shows a twofold preference for the formation of homochiral complexes in a narcissistic self-sorting manner as proven by ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, upon crystallization, these discrete aggregates undergo structural transformation to coordination polymers, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Volbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Niklas Struch
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk Strasse 153121BonnGermany
- current address: Arlanxeo Netherlands B.V.Urmonderbaan 246167 RDGeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Bohle
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box 3540014JyväskyläFinland
- current address: Department of ChemistryMcGill University801 Sherbrooke St. WestMontrealQcH3A 0B8Canada
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box 3540014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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34
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Higashiyama K. Overview of 43 Years of Studies on Asymmetric Synthesis. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:273-287. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Scholtes JF, Trapp O. Design and synthesis of a stereodynamic catalyst with reversal of selectivity by enantioselective self-inhibition. Chirality 2019; 31:1028-1042. [PMID: 31646689 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chirality plays a pivotal role in an uncountable number of biological processes, and nature has developed intriguing mechanisms to maintain this state of enantiopurity. The strive for a deeper understanding of the different elements that constitute such self-sustaining systems on a molecular level has sparked great interest in the studies of autoinductive and amplifying enantioselective reactions. The design of these reactions remains highly challenging; however, the development of generally applicable principles promises to have a considerable impact on research of catalyst design and other adjacent fields in the future. Here, we report the realization of an autoinductive, enantioselective self-inhibiting hydrogenation reaction. Development of a stereodynamic catalyst with chiral sensing abilities allowed for a chiral reaction product to interact with the catalyst and change its selectivity in order to suppress its formation, which caused a reversal of selectivity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Felix Scholtes
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Thakur N, Patil RA, Talebi M, Readel ER, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric impurities in chiral catalysts, auxiliaries, and synthons used in enantioselective syntheses. Part 5. Chirality 2019; 31:688-699. [PMID: 31318099 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The enantiomeric excess of chiral starting materials is one of the important factors determining the enantiopurity of products in asymmetric synthesis. Fifty-one commercially available chiral reagents used as building blocks, catalysts, and auxiliaries in various enantioselective syntheses were assayed for their enantiomeric purity. The test results were classified within five impurities level (ie, <0.01%, 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10%, >10%). Previously from 1998 to 2013, several reports have been published on the enantiomeric composition of more than 300 chiral reagents. This series of papers is necessitated by the fact that new reagents are forthcoming and that the enantiomeric purity of the same reagent can vary from batch to batch and/or from supplier to supplier. This report presents chiral liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods to separate enantiomers of chiral compounds and evaluate their enantiomeric purities. The accurate and efficient LC analysis was done using newly introduced superficially porous particle (SPP 2.7 μm) based chiral stationary phases (TeicoShell, VancoShell, LarihcShell-P, and NicoShell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Rahul A Patil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Elizabeth R Readel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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37
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Role of Asymmetric Autocatalysis in the Elucidation of Origins of Homochirality of Organic Compounds. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidyl alkanol and related compounds were found to be asymmetric autocatalysts in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde and related aldehydes. In the asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee), the very low ee (ca. 0.00005%) of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol was significantly amplified to >99.5% ee with an increase in the amount. By using asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of ee, several origins of homochirality have been examined. Circularly polarized light, chiral quartz, and chiral crystals formed from achiral organic compounds such as glycine and carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), oxygen (18O/16O), and hydrogen (D/H) chiral isotopomers were found to act as the origin of chirality in asymmetric autocatalysis. And the spontaneous absolute asymmetric synthesis was also realized without the intervention of any chiral factor.
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38
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Anhäuser J, Puttreddy R, Lorenz Y, Schneider A, Engeser M, Rissanen K, Lützen A. Chiral self-sorting behaviour of [2.2]paracyclophane-based bis(pyridine) ligands. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[2.2]Paracyclophane-based bis(pyridine) ligands form dinuclear complexes upon coordination to palladium(ii) ions, however, with distinct differences concerning their chiral self-sorting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Anhäuser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - R. Puttreddy
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Y. Lorenz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - A. Schneider
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - M. Engeser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - K. Rissanen
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - A. Lützen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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SOAI K. Asymmetric autocatalysis. Chiral symmetry breaking and the origins of homochirality of organic molecules. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:89-110. [PMID: 30853700 PMCID: PMC6541725 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological homochirality, such as that of l-amino acids, has been a puzzle with regards to the chemical origin of life. Asymmetric autocatalysis is a reaction in which a chiral product acts as an asymmetric catalyst to produce more of itself in the same absolute configuration. 5-Pyrimidyl alkanol was found to act as an asymmetric autocatalyst in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde. Asymmetric autocatalysis of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol with an extremely low enantiomeric excess of ca. 0.00005% exhibited significant asymmetric amplification to afford the same pyrimidyl alkanol with >99.5% enantiomeric excess and with an increase in the quantity of the same compound. We have employed asymmetric autocatalysis to examine the origin of homochirality. Asymmetric autocatalysis triggered by circularly polarized light, chiral minerals such as quartz, chiral organic crystals composed of achiral compounds gave highly enantioenriched pyrimidyl alkanol with absolute configurations corresponding with those of the chiral triggers. Absolute asymmetric synthesis without the intervention of any chiral factor was achieved. Chiral isotopomers acted as chiral triggers of asymmetric autocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenso SOAI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Armstrong BM, Sayler RI, Shupe BH, Stich TA, Britt RD, Franz AK. EPR Evidence for the Origin of Nonlinear Effects in an Enantioselective Cu(II)-Catalyzed Spiroannulation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richard I. Sayler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Shupe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Troy A. Stich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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41
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Nanko M, Shibuya S, Inaba Y, Ono S, Ito S, Mikami K. gem-Digold Acetylide Complexes for Catalytic Intermolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition: Having Two Gold Centers Is Better for Asymmetric Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:7353-7357. [PMID: 30277079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed highly enantioselective intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition is shown with ynones and cyclohexadiene. Various bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene derivatives are produced in high yields (up to 99%) with good enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). Key to the success is generation of the gem-digold terminal alkyne as a catalytic on-cycle species. As proof of the gem-digold catalysis, a positive nonlinear effect is clarified between the ee's of the ligand and the cycloadduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nanko
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Satoru Shibuya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Soichiro Ono
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
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42
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Nakane S, Yamamura T, Manna SK, Tanaka S, Kitamura M. Mechanistic Study of the Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Nonchelatable and Chelatable tert-Alkyl Ketones Using the Linear Tridentate sp 3P/sp 3NH/sp 2N-Combined Ligand PN(H)N: RuNH- and RuNK-Involved Dual Catalytic Cycle. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakane
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamura
- Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Sudipta Kumar Manna
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Chen L, Huang G, Liu M, Huang Z, Chen FE. Development of Novel Chloramphenicol Scaffold-Based Chiral Hydroxyl Oxazoline Ligands and Their Application to the Asymmetric Alkynylation of Isatins. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxin Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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Han J, Kitagawa O, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): a menace or an opportunity? Chem Sci 2018; 9:1718-1739. [PMID: 29675218 PMCID: PMC5892310 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied.
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied. The SDE has implications ranging from the origins of prebiotic homochirality to unconventional enantiopurification methods, though the risks of altering the enantiomeric excess (ee) unintentionally, regrettably, remain greatly unappreciated. While recrystallization is well known as an SDE process, occurrences of the SDE in other processes are much less recognized, e.g. sublimation and even distillation. But the most common process that many workers seem to be completely ignorant of is SDE via chromatography and reports have included all manner of structures, all types of interactions, and all forms of chromatography, including GC. The SDE can be either a blessing – as a means to obtain enantiopure samples from scalemates – or a curse, as unwitting alteration of the ee leads to errors in the reporting of results and/or misinterpretation of the system under study. Thus the ramifications of the SDE are relevant to any area involving chirality – natural products, asymmetric synthesis, etc. Moreover, there is grave concern regarding errors in the literature, in addition to the possible occurrence of valid results which may have been overlooked and thus remain unreported, as well as the potential for the SDE to alter the ee, particularly via chromatography, and the following concepts will be conveyed: (1) the SDE occurs under totally achiral conditions of (a) precipitation, (b) centrifugation, (c) evaporation, (d) distillation, (e) crystallization, (f) sublimation, and (g) achiral chromatography (e.g. column, flash, MPLC, HPLC, SEC, GC, etc.). (2) The SDE cannot be controlled simply by experimental accuracy and ignorance of the SDE unavoidably leads to mistakes in the recorded and reported stereochemical outcome of enantioselective transformations. (3) The magnitude of the SDE (the difference between the extremes of enantioenrichment and -depletion) can be controlled and used to: (a) minimize mistakes in the recorded experimental values and (b) to develop unconventional and preparatively superior methods for enantiopurification. (4) The magnitude of the SDE cannot be predicted but can be expected for compounds possessing SDE-phoric groups or which have a general tendency for strong hydrogen or halogen bonds or dipole–dipole or aromatic π–π interactions. (5) An SDE test and the rigorous reporting and description of applied physicochemical processes should become part of standard experimental practice to prevent the erroneous reporting of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective catalytic reactions and the chirooptical properties of scalemates. New directions in the study of the SDE, including halogen bonding-based interactions and novel, unconventional enantiopurification methods such as pseudo-SDE (chiral selector-assisted SDE resolution of racemates), are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China .
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku , Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Świętokrzyska 15G , 25-406 Kielce , Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , D-69009 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain . .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza, Bizkaia , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
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Jędrzejewska H, Szumna A. Making a Right or Left Choice: Chiral Self-Sorting as a Tool for the Formation of Discrete Complex Structures. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4863-4899. [PMID: 28277655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses chiral self-sorting-the process of choosing an interaction partner with a given chirality from a complex mixture of many possible racemic partners. Chiral self-sorting (also known as chiral self-recognition or chiral self-discrimination) is fundamental for creating functional structures in nature and in the world of chemistry because interactions between molecules of the same or the opposite chirality are characterized by different interaction energies and intrinsically different resulting structures. However, due to the similarity between recognition sites of enantiomers and common conformational lability, high fidelity homochiral or heterochiral self-sorting poses a substantial challenge. Chiral self-sorting occurs among natural and synthetic molecules that leads to the amplification of discrete species. The review covers a variety of complex self-assembled structures ranging from aggregates made of natural and racemic peptides and DNA, through artificial functional receptors, macrocyles, and cages to catalytically active metal complexes and helix mimics. The examples involve a plethora of reversible interactions: electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and dynamic covalent bonds. A generalized view of the examples collected from different fields allows us to suggest suitable geometric models that enable a rationalization of the observed experimental preferences and establishment of the rules that can facilitate further design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Storch G, Trapp O. By-design enantioselective self-amplification based on non-covalent product-catalyst interactions. Nat Chem 2016; 9:179-187. [PMID: 28282051 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds is of great importance in pharmaceuticals, fragrances and biological applications, and functions as a key to many processes in nature. Asymmetric catalysis using enantiomerically pure catalysts represents an efficient synthetic method to achieve this goal. The enantiomeric excess of the reaction product correlates with the enantiomeric purity of the catalysts, except for nonlinear behaviour, therefore the use of stereochemically flexible catalysts seems to complicate the control of stereoselectivity. Self-amplifying catalytic reactions are attractive, but a general rational design is highly challenging. Here we show that product interaction with chiral recognition sites attached to structurally flexible phoshoramidite-type catalysts can sense the chirality and induce enantioselectivity in the catalyst. Structural flexibility along with sensing of the chirality of the product molecules results in a rapid increase of enantioselectivity of the dynamic catalysts (Δe.e. of up to 76%) and a shift out of equilibrium. In contrast to stereodynamic catalysts controlled with cleavable chiral auxiliaries, the enantioselectivity does not decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golo Storch
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Matsumoto A, Fujiwara S, Abe T, Hara A, Tobita T, Sasagawa T, Kawasaki T, Soai K. Elucidation of the Structures of Asymmetric Autocatalyst Based on X-ray Crystallography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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48
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Hayashi M. Progress of Chiral Schiff Bases withC1Symmetry in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2708-2735. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science; Kobe University; Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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49
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Yamamura T, Nakane S, Nomura Y, Tanaka S, Kitamura M. Development of an axially chiral sp3P/sp3NH/sp2N-combined linear tridentate ligand—fac-selective formation of Ru(II) complexes and application to ketone hydrogenation. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Goto M, Tateishi K, Ebine K, Soloshonok VA, Roussel C, Kitagawa O. Chiral additive induced self-disproportionation of enantiomers under MPLC conditions: preparation of enantiomerically pure samples of 1-(aryl)ethylamines from racemates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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