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Wang L, Wang L, Xu P, Liu C, Wang S, Luo X, Li M, Liu J, Zhao Z, Lai W, Luo F, Yan J. pH-Responsive Liposomes Loaded with Targeting Procoagulant Proteins as Potential Embolic Agents for Solid Tumor-Targeted Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1356-1367. [PMID: 35420039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selectively inducing tumor thrombosis and subsequent necrosis is a novel and promising antitumor strategy. We have previously designed a targeting procoagulant protein, called tTF-EG3287, which is a fusion of a truncated tissue factor (tTF) with EG3287, a short peptide against the neuropilin-1 (NRP1) binding site of vascular endothelial growth factor-A 165 (VEGF-A 165). However, off-target effects and high-dose requirements limit the further use of tTF-EG3287 in antitumor therapy. Therefore, we encapsulated tTF-EG3287 into poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEOz-DSPE)-modified liposomes to construct pH-responsive liposomes as a novel vascular embolization agent, called tTF-EG3287@Liposomes. The liposomes had an average particle size of about 100 nm and showed considerable drug-loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and biocompatibility. Under the stimulation of acidic microenvironments (pH 6.5), the lipid membrane of tTF-EG3287@Liposomes collapsed, and the cumulative drug release rate within 72 h was 83 ± 1.26%. When administered to a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tTF-EG3287@Liposomes showed prolonged retention and enhanced accumulation in the tumor as well as a superior antitumor effec, compared with tTF-EG3287. This study demonstrates the potential of tTF-EG3287@Liposomes as a novel embolic agent for solid tumors and provides a new strategy for tumor-targeted infarction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Peilan Xu
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xian Luo
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weisong Lai
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Shoari A, Khodabakhsh F, Ahangari Cohan R, Salimian M, Karami E. Anti-angiogenic peptides application in cancer therapy; a review. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:559-574. [PMID: 34760005 PMCID: PMC8562409 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.327503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease advanced via surplus angiogenesis. The development of new anti-angiogenic therapeutic agents with more efficacy and fewer side effects is still quite necessary. Conventional therapies saving the life of many cancer patients but due to drug resistance and lack of specificity utilizing these methods is faced with limits. Recently, new therapeutic agents have been developed and used to treat cancers such as scaffold proteins, monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and peptides. In antiangiogenic drug development, anti-angiogenic peptides design is a significant aim. Peptides have developed as substantial therapeutics that are being carefully investigated in angiogenesis-dependent diseases because of their high penetrating rate into the cancer cells, high specificity, and low toxicity. In this review, we focus on anti-angiogenic peptides in the field of cancer therapy that are designed, screened, or derived from nanobodies, mimotopes, phage displays, and natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shoari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Morteza Salimian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Elmira Karami
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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3
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Tolomelli A, Galletti P, Baiula M, Giacomini D. Can Integrin Agonists Have Cards to Play against Cancer? A Literature Survey of Small Molecules Integrin Activators. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070078. [PMID: 28678151 PMCID: PMC5532614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of integrins to activate and integrate intracellular communication illustrates the potential of these receptors to serve as functional distribution hubs in a bi-directional signal transfer outside-in and inside-out of the cells. Tight regulation of the integrin signaling is paramount for normal physiological functions such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation, and misregulated integrin activity could be associated with several pathological conditions. Because of the important roles of integrins and their ligands in biological development, immune responses, leukocyte traffic, haemostasis, and cancer, their potential as therapeutic tools is now widely recognized. Nowadays extensive efforts have been made to discover and develop small molecule ligands as integrin antagonists, whereas less attention has been payed to agonists. In recent years, it has been recognized that integrin agonists could open up novel opportunities for therapeutics, which gain benefits to increase rather than decrease integrin-dependent adhesion and transductional events. For instance, a significant factor in chemo-resistance in melanoma is a loss of integrin-mediated adhesion; in this case, stimulation of integrin signaling by agonists significantly improved the response to chemotherapy. In this review, we overview results about small molecules which revealed an activating action on some integrins, especially those involved in cancer, and examine from a medicinal chemistry point of view, their structure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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4
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Role of Side-Chain Bioisosteres in Determining the Binding Affinity of Click Chemistry Derived RGD Peptidomimetics to αvβ3Integrin. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Otrubova K, Srinivasan V, Boger DL. Discovery libraries targeting the major enzyme classes: the serine hydrolases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3807-13. [PMID: 25037918 PMCID: PMC4130767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries of modestly reactive ureas containing either electron-deficient acyl anilines or acyl pyrazoles were prepared and are reported as screening libraries for candidate serine hydrolase inhibitors. Within each library is a small but powerful subset of compounds that serve as a chemotype fragment screening library capable of subsequent structural diversification. Elaboration of the pyrazole-based ureas provided remarkably potent irreversible inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH, apparent Ki=100-200 pM) complementary to those previously disclosed enlisting electron-deficient aniline-based ureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla CA 92037, United States
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla CA 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla CA 92037, United States.
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6
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Xu S, Olenyuk BZ, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Targeting receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways with nanoparticles: rationale and advances. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:121-38. [PMID: 23026636 PMCID: PMC3565049 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of drugs and their carrier systems by using receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways was in its nascent stages 25 years ago. In the intervening years, an explosion of knowledge focused on design and synthesis of nanoparticulate delivery systems as well as elucidation of the cellular complexity of what was previously-termed receptor-mediated endocytosis has now created a situation when it has become possible to design and test the feasibility of delivery of highly specific nanoparticle drug carriers to specific cells and tissue. This review outlines the mechanisms governing the major modes of receptor-mediated endocytosis used in drug delivery and highlights recent approaches using these as targets for in vivo drug delivery of nanoparticles. The review also discusses some of the inherent complexity associated with the simple shift from a ligand-drug conjugate versus a ligand-nanoparticle conjugate, in terms of ligand valency and its relationship to the mode of receptor-mediated internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Bogdan Z. Olenyuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Curtis T. Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
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7
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Bazan J, Całkosiński I, Gamian A. Phage display--a powerful technique for immunotherapy: 1. Introduction and potential of therapeutic applications. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1817-28. [PMID: 22906939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective molecular diversity techniques is phage display. This technology is based on a direct linkage between phage phenotype and its encapsulated genotype, which leads to presentation of molecule libraries on the phage surface. Phage display is utilized in studying protein-ligand interactions, receptor binding sites and in improving or modifying the affinity of proteins for their binding partners. Generating monoclonal antibodies and improving their affinity, cloning antibodies from unstable hybridoma cells and identifying epitopes, mimotopes and functional or accessible sites from antigens are also important advantages of this technology. Techniques originating from phage display have been applied to transfusion medicine, neurological disorders, mapping vascular addresses and tissue homing of peptides. Phages have been applicable to immunization therapies, which may lead to development of new tools used for treating autoimmune and cancer diseases. This review describes the phage display technology and presents the recent advancements in therapeutic applications of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bazan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw, Poland.
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8
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Whitby LR, Boyle KE, Cai L, Yu X, Gochin M, Boger DL. Discovery of HIV fusion inhibitors targeting gp41 using a comprehensive α-helix mimetic library. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2861-5. [PMID: 22424973 PMCID: PMC3321071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of a comprehensive α-helix mimetic library for binding the gp41 NHR hydrophobic pocket recognizing an intramolecular CHR α-helix provided a detailed depiction of structural features required for binding and led to the discovery of small molecule inhibitors (K(i) 0.6-1.3 μM) that not only match or exceed the potency of those disclosed over the past decade, but that also exhibit effective activity in a cell-cell fusion assay (IC(50) 5-8 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon R. Whitby
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kristopher E. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lifeng Cai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University – California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University – California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Miriam Gochin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University – California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
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9
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Whitby LR, Ando Y, Setola V, Vogt PK, Roth BL, Boger DL. Design, synthesis, and validation of a β-turn mimetic library targeting protein-protein and peptide-receptor interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10184-94. [PMID: 21609016 DOI: 10.1021/ja201878v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a β-turn mimetic library as a key component of a small-molecule library targeting the major recognition motifs involved in protein-protein interactions is described. Analysis of a geometric characterization of 10,245 β-turns in the protein data bank (PDB) suggested that trans-pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide could serve as an effective and synthetically accessible library template. This was confirmed by initially screening select compounds against a series of peptide-activated GPCRs that recognize a β-turn structure in their endogenous ligands. This validation study was highlighted by identification of both nonbasic and basic small molecules with high affinities (K(i) = 390 and 23 nM, respectively) for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR). Consistent with the screening capabilities of collaborators and following the design validation, the complete library was assembled as 210 mixtures of 20 compounds, providing a total of 4200 compounds designed to mimic all possible permutations of 3 of the 4 residues in a naturally occurring β-turn. Unique to the design and because of the C(2) symmetry of the template, a typical 20 × 20 × 20-mix (8000 compounds prepared as 400 mixtures of 20 compounds) needed to represent 20 variations in the side chains of three amino acid residues reduces to a 210 × 20-mix, thereby simplifying the library synthesis and subsequent screening. The library was prepared using a solution-phase synthetic protocol with liquid-liquid or liquid-solid extractions for purification and conducted on a scale that insures its long-term availability for screening campaigns. Screening the library against the human opioid receptors (KOR, MOR, and DOR) identified not only the activity of library members expected to mimic the opioid receptor peptide ligands but also additional side-chain combinations that provided enhanced receptor binding selectivities (>100-fold) and affinities (as low as K(i) = 80 nM for KOR). A key insight to emerge from the studies is that the phenol of Tyr in endogenous ligands bearing the H-Tyr-Pro-Trp/Phe-Phe-NH(2) β-turn is important for MOR binding but may not be important for KOR (accommodated, but not preferred) and that the resulting selectivity for KOR observed with its removal can be increased by replacing the phenol OH with a chlorine substituent, further enhancing KOR affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon R Whitby
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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10
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Lee AM, Pasquato A, Kunz S. Novel approaches in anti-arenaviral drug development. Virology 2010; 411:163-9. [PMID: 21183197 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses are among the most devastating emerging human diseases. Considering the number of individuals affected, the current lack of a licensed vaccine, and the limited therapeutic options, arenaviruses are arguably among the most neglected tropical pathogens and the development of efficacious anti-arenaviral drugs is of high priority. Over the past years significant efforts have been undertaken to identify novel potent inhibitors of arenavirus infection. High throughput screening of small molecule libraries employing pseudotype platforms led to the discovery of several potent and broadly active inhibitors of arenavirus cell entry that are effective against the major hemorrhagic arenaviruses. Mechanistic studies revealed that these novel entry inhibitors block arenavirus membrane fusion and provided novel insights into the unusual mechanism of this process. The success of these approaches highlights the power of small molecule screens in antiviral drug discovery and establishes arenavirus membrane fusion as a robust drug target. These broad screenings have been complemented by strategies targeting cellular factors involved in productive arenavirus infection. Approaches targeting the cellular protease implicated in maturation of the fusion-active viral envelope glycoprotein identified the proteolytic processing of the arenavirus glycoprotein precursor as a novel and promising target for anti-arenaviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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11
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Shaginian A, Whitby LR, Hong S, Hwang I, Farooqi B, Searcey M, Chen J, Vogt PK, Boger DL. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of an alpha-helix mimetic library targeting protein-protein interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:5564-72. [PMID: 19334711 DOI: 10.1021/ja810025g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and solution-phase synthesis of an alpha-helix mimetic library as an integral component of a small-molecule library targeting protein-protein interactions are described. The iterative design, synthesis, and evaluation of the candidate alpha-helix mimetic was initiated from a precedented triaryl template and refined by screening the designs for inhibition of MDM2/p53 binding. Upon identifying a chemically and biologically satisfactory design and consistent with the screening capabilities of academic collaborators, the corresponding complete library was assembled as 400 mixtures of 20 compounds (20 x 20 x 20-mix), where the added subunits are designed to mimic all possible permutations of the naturally occurring i, i + 4, i + 7 amino acid side chains of an alpha-helix. The library (8000 compounds) was prepared using a solution-phase synthetic protocol enlisting acid/base liquid-liquid extractions for purification on a scale that insures its long-term availability for screening campaigns. Screening of the library for inhibition of MDM2/p53 binding not only identified the lead alpha-helix mimetic upon which the library was based, but also suggests that a digestion of the initial screening results that accompany the use of such a comprehensive library can provide insights into the nature of the interaction (e.g., an alpha-helix mediated protein-protein interaction) and define the key residues and their characteristics responsible for recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Shaginian
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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12
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Schmöle AC, Brennführer A, Karapetyan G, Jaster R, Pews-Davtyan A, Hübner R, Ortinau S, Beller M, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Novel indolylmaleimide acts as GSK-3β inhibitor in human neural progenitor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6785-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Shi J, Stover JS, Whitby LR, Vogt PK, Boger DL. Small molecule inhibitors of Myc/Max dimerization and Myc-induced cell transformation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6038-41. [PMID: 19800226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and evaluation of a series of inhibitors of Myc/Max dimerization and Myc-induced cell transformation are described providing mycmycin-1 (3) and mycmycin-2 (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts both as a physical scaffold for cells and as a repository for growth factors. Moreover, ECM structure and physical-chemical properties convey precise information to cells that profoundly influences their biology by interactions with cell surface receptors termed integrins. During angiogenesis, the perivascular ECM plays a critical role in determining the proliferative, invasive and survival responses of the local vascular cells to the angiogenic growth factors. Dynamic changes in both the ECM and the local vascular cells act in concert to regulate new blood vessel growth. The digestion of ECM components by proteolysis is critical for the invasive capacity of endothelial cells, but also creates ECM fragments, which antagonize the mechanosensory function of integrins, and can be apoptogenic. Here, we discuss the roles of integrins in modulating cellular responses to a changing ECM, in particular the regulation of survival and invasion among invasive endothelial cells.
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Wan J, Li Y, Xu Y, Pan Y. Design and synthesis of cyclo[-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ψ(triazole)-Gly-Xaa-] peptide analogues by click chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Lee AM, Rojek JM, Spiropoulou CF, Gundersen AT, Jin W, Shaginian A, York J, Nunberg JH, Boger DL, Oldstone MBA, Kunz S. Unique small molecule entry inhibitors of hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18734-42. [PMID: 18474596 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802089200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by the arenaviruses Lassa virus in Africa and Machupo, Guanarito, Junin, and Sabia virus in South America are among the most devastating emerging human diseases with fatality rates of 15-35% and a limited antiviral therapeutic repertoire available. Here we used high throughput screening of synthetic combinatorial small molecule libraries to identify inhibitors of arenavirus infection using pseudotyped virion particles bearing the glycoproteins (GPs) of highly pathogenic arenaviruses. Our screening efforts resulted in the discovery of a series of novel small molecule inhibitors of viral entry that are highly active against both Old World and New World hemorrhagic arenaviruses. We observed potent inhibition of infection of human and primate cells with live hemorrhagic arenaviruses (IC(50)=500-800 nm). Investigations of the mechanism of action revealed that the candidate compounds efficiently block pH-dependent fusion by the arenavirus GPs (IC(50) of 200-350 nm). Although our lead compounds were potent against phylogenetically distant arenaviruses, they did not show activity against other enveloped viruses with class I viral fusion proteins, indicating specificity for arenavirus GP-mediated membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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17
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Schnell O, Krebs B, Wagner E, Romagna A, Beer AJ, Grau SJ, Thon N, Goetz C, Kretzschmar HA, Tonn JC, Goldbrunner RH. Expression of integrin alphavbeta3 in gliomas correlates with tumor grade and is not restricted to tumor vasculature. Brain Pathol 2008; 18:378-86. [PMID: 18394009 PMCID: PMC2607528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In malignant gliomas, the integrin adhesion receptors seem to play a key role for invasive growth and angiogenesis. However, there is still a controversy about the expression and the distribution of αvβ3 integrin caused by malignancy. The aim of our study was to assess the extent and pattern of αvβ3 integrin expression within primary glioblastomas (GBMs) compared with low‐grade gliomas (LGGs). Tumor samples were immunostained for the detection of αvβ3 integrin and quantified by an imaging software. The expression of αvβ3 was found to be significantly higher in GBMs than in LGGs, whereby focal strong reactivity was restricted to GBMs only. Subsequent analysis revealed that not only endothelial cells but also, to a large extent, glial tumor cells contribute to the overall amount of αvβ3 integrin in the tumors. To further analyze the integrin subunits, Western blots from histologic sections were performed, which demonstrated a significant difference in the expression of the β3 integrin subunit between GBMs and LGGs. The presented data lead to new insights in the pattern of αvβ3 integrin in gliomas and are of relevance for the inhibition of αvβ3 integrin with specific RGD peptides and interfering drugs to reduce angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Xu X, Chen Z, Wang Y, Bonewald L, Steffensen B. Inhibition of MMP-2 gelatinolysis by targeting exodomain-substrate interactions. Biochem J 2007; 406:147-55. [PMID: 17516913 PMCID: PMC1948992 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2) contains a CBD (collagen-binding domain), which is essential for positioning gelatin substrate molecules relative to the catalytic site for cleavage. Deletion of the CBD or disruption of CBD-mediated gelatin binding inhibits gelatinolysis by MMP-2. To identify CBD-binding sites on type I collagen and collagen peptides with the capacity to compete CBD binding of gelatin and thereby inhibit gelatinolysis by MMP-2, we screened a one-bead one-peptide combinatorial peptide library with recombinant CBD as bait. Analyses of sequences from the CBD-binding peptides pointed to residues 715-721 in human alpha1(I) collagen chain as a binding site for CBD. A peptide (P713) including this collagen segment was synthesized for analyses. In SPR (surface plasmon resonance) assays, the CBD and MMP-2(E404A), a catalytically inactive MMP-2 mutant, both bound immobilized P713 in a concentration-dependent manner, but not a scrambled control peptide. Furthermore, P713 competed gelatin binding by the CBD and MMP-2(E404A). In control assays, neither of the non-collagen binding alkylated CBD or MMP-2 with deletion of CBD (MMP-2DeltaCBD) bound P713. Consistent with the exodomain functions of the CBD, P713 inhibited approximately 90% of the MMP-2 gelatin cleavage, but less than 20% of the MMP-2 activity on a peptide substrate (NFF-1) which does not require the CBD for cleavage. Confirming the specificity of the inhibition, P713 did not alter MMP-2DeltaCBD or MMP-8 activities. These experiments identified a CBD-binding site on type I collagen and demonstrated that a corresponding synthetic peptide can inhibit hydrolysis of type I and IV collagens by competing CBD-mediated gelatin binding to MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xu
- *Departments of Periodontics and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7894, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, U.S.A
| | - Zhihua Chen
- *Departments of Periodontics and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7894, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, U.S.A
| | - Yao Wang
- *Departments of Periodontics and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7894, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, U.S.A
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- †University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108-2784, U.S.A
| | - Bjorn Steffensen
- *Departments of Periodontics and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7894, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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19
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Chow AK, Cena J, Schulz R. Acute actions and novel targets of matrix metalloproteinases in the heart and vasculature. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:189-205. [PMID: 17592511 PMCID: PMC1978261 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to play significant roles in a number of physiological as well as pathological processes. Best known to proteolyse components of the extracellular matrix, MMPs have recently been discovered to also target a growing list of proteins apart from these, both inside and outside the cell. MMPs have also been traditionally thought of as enzymes involved in chronic processes such as angiogenesis, remodelling and atherosclerosis on a days-week time-scale. However they are now understood to also act acutely in response to oxidative stress on a minutes time-scale on non-extracellular matrix substrates. This review focuses on the acute actions and both extracellular and intracellular targets of two prominent MMP family members, MMP-2 and -9, in cardiovascular diseases including ischaemia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory heart disease, septic shock and pre-eclampsia. Also discussed are various ways of regulating MMP activity, including post-translational mechanisms, the endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and pharmacological inhibitors. A comprehensive understanding of MMP biology is necessary for the development of novel pharmacological therapies to combat the impact of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Chow
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Cena
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
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20
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Dorrell M, Uusitalo-Jarvinen H, Aguilar E, Friedlander M. Ocular neovascularization: basic mechanisms and therapeutic advances. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52 Suppl 1:S3-19. [PMID: 17240254 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of diseases that cause catastrophic loss of vision do so as a result of ocular neovascularization. During normal retinal vascular development, vascular endothelial cells proliferate and migrate through the extracellular matrix in response to a variety of cytokines, leading to the formation of new blood vessels in a highly ordered fashion. During abnormal neovascularization of the iris, retina, or choroid, angiogenesis is unregulated and usually results in the formation of dysfunctional blood vessels. When these newly formed vessels leak fluid, hemorrhage, or are associated with fibrous proliferation, retinal edema, retinal/vitreous hemorrhage, or traction retinal detachments may occur resulting in potentially catastrophic loss of vision. In this review, we will briefly discuss the scope of the clinical problem and the general underlying principles of angiogenesis. We will focus on recent laboratory advances that have led to the development of therapeutics useful in the treatment of neovascular eye diseases. We will describe compounds currently in pre-clinical development stages as well as the results of clinical trials involving the use of these drugs as treatments for ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92014, USA
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21
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Abstract
Most diseases that cause catastrophic loss of vision do so as a result of abnormal angiogenesis and wound healing, often in response to tissue ischemia or inflammation. Disruption of the highly ordered tissue architecture in the eye caused by vascular leakage, hemorrhage, and concomitant fibrosis can lead to mechanical disruption of the visual axis and/or biological malfunctioning. An increased understanding of inflammation, wound healing, and angiogenesis has led to the development of drugs effective in modulating these biological processes and, in certain circumstances, the preservation of vision. Unfortunately, such pharmacological interventions often are too little, too late, and progression of vision loss frequently occurs. The recent development of progenitor and/or stem cell technologies holds promise for the treatment of currently incurable ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Friedlander
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, and Division of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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22
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André E, Bastide L, Michaux-Charachon S, Gouby A, Villain-Guillot P, Latouche J, Bouchet A, Gualtiéri M, Leonetti JP. Novel synthetic molecules targeting the bacterial RNA polymerase assembly. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 57:245-51. [PMID: 16373430 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite extensive functional screening of the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) over the past years, very few novel inhibitors have been reported. We have, therefore, decided to screen with a radically different, non-enzymic, protein-protein interaction assay. Our target is the highly conserved RNAP-sigma interaction that is essential for transcription. METHODS Small molecule inhibitors of the RNAP-sigma interaction were tested for their activity on transcription and on bacteria. RESULTS These compounds have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including multiresistant clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the first example of a small molecule inhibitor of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle André
- CPBS CNRS UMR 5160, Faculté de Pharmacie 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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23
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Loregian A, Palù G. Disruption of protein-protein interactions: towards new targets for chemotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2005; 204:750-62. [PMID: 15880642 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play a key role in various mechanisms of cellular growth and differentiation, and in the replication of pathogen organisms in host cells. Thus, inhibition of these interactions is a promising novel approach for rational drug design against a wide number of cellular and microbial targets. In the past few years, attempts to inhibit protein-protein interactions using antibodies, peptides, and synthetic or natural small molecules have met with varying degrees of success, and these will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Loregian
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, Italy.
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24
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Kessler T, Bieker R, Padró T, Schwöppe C, Persigehl T, Bremer C, Kreuter M, Berdel WE, Mesters RM. Inhibition of tumor growth by RGD peptide-directed delivery of truncated tissue factor to the tumor vasculature. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:6317-24. [PMID: 16144936 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective activation of blood coagulation in tumor vessels with subsequent tumor infarction is a promising anticancer strategy. To this end, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of tissue factor [truncated tissue factor (tTF)] was fused to the peptide GRGDSP selectively targeting alpha(v)-integrins on tumor endothelial cells. tTF-RGD retained its thrombogenic and integrin-binding activity in vitro. In vivo studies in mice bearing human adenocarcinomas (CCL185), melanoma (M21), and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) revealed that i.v. administration of tTF-RGD induced thrombotic occlusion of tumor vessels resulting in tumor growth retardation or regression in all three types of solid tumors. No apparent side effects, such as thrombosis, in other organs or other treatment-related toxicities were observed. Reduced tumor blood flow in tTF-RGD-treated animals as determined by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging underlines the proposed mechanism. In conclusion, we consider RGD peptide-directed delivery of tTF as alternative to previously used antibody fusion proteins. Small peptide-directed delivery of coaguligands does not cause immunologic side effects and those caused by accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system. This is the first report to describe the induction of selective thrombosis in tumor vessels by RGD peptide-directed delivery of tTF, which may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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25
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Shang S, Tan DS. Advancing chemistry and biology through diversity-oriented synthesis of natural product-like libraries. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 9:248-58. [PMID: 15939326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide the inspiration for a variety of strategies used in the diversity-oriented synthesis of novel small-molecule libraries. These libraries can be based on core scaffolds from individual natural products, specific substructures found across a class of natural products, or general structural characteristics of natural products. An increasing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of these strategies for identifying new biologically active molecules. Moreover, these efforts have led to significant advances in synthetic organic chemistry. Larger-scale evaluation of these approaches is on the horizon, using screening data that will be made publicly available in the new PubChem database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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26
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Beeler AB, Schaus SE, Porco JA. Chemical library synthesis using convergent approaches. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 9:277-84. [PMID: 15939329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New strategies are continuously being developed in combinatorial and diversity-oriented synthesis. Convergent design in target-oriented synthesis is commonly employed for construction of complex molecules. In this mini-review, we describe examples of convergent library design and synthesis as well as potential areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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27
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Björklund M, Koivunen E. Gelatinase-mediated migration and invasion of cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1755:37-69. [PMID: 15907591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-2 and -9, also known as the gelatinases have been long recognized as major contributors to the proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix during tumor invasion. In the recent years, a plethora of non-matrix proteins have also been identified as gelatinase substrates thus significantly broadening our understanding of these enzymes as proteolytic executors and regulators in various physiological and pathological states including embryonic growth and development, angiogenesis and tumor progression, inflammation, infective diseases, degenerative diseases of the brain and vascular diseases. Although the effect of broad-spectrum inhibitors of MMPs in the treatment of cancer has been disappointing in clinical trials, novel mechanisms of gelatinase inhibition have been now identified. Inhibition of the association of the gelatinases with cell-surface integrins appears to offer highly specific means to target these enzymes without inhibiting their catalytic activity in multiple cell types including endothelial cells, tumor cells and leukocytes. Here, we review the multiple functions of the gelatinases in cancer, and especially their role in the tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Björklund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. B 56 (Viikinkaari 5D), University of Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Worsfold O, Toma C, Nishiya T. Development of a novel optical bionanosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1505-11. [PMID: 15093223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel optical bionanosensor platform using a supported bilayer lipid membrane (SBLM), which has generic multi-analyte sensing capabilities. The SBLM is produced using a novel combination of ordered nanostructured thin film i.e. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and self-assembly deposition methodologies. A heptamer linear RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) containing peptide was covalently attached to a BODIPY (donor) lipid dye and utilised as an optical biosensor for integrin alpha(v)beta(3) loaded HUVEC's (sensitivity = 1000 cells ml(-1)). A second BODIPY (acceptor) lipid dye was integrated into the SBLM thus enabling signal amplification via a Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. The fluidity of the bilayer was confirmed via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) techniques and was performed without the need for fusogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Worsfold
- Frontier Research Division, Fujirebio Inc., 51 Komiya-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0031, Japan.
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29
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De Corte BL, Kinney WA, Liu L, Ghosh S, Brunner L, Hoekstra WJ, Santulli RJ, Tuman RW, Baker J, Burns C, Proost JC, Tounge BA, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE, Johnson DL, Galemmo RA. Piperidine-containing β-arylpropionic acids as potent antagonists of αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5227-32. [PMID: 15380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a new class of piperidine-based alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 integrin antagonists is described. Replacement of an amide bond in a prototype isonipecotamide by a C-C isostere, and adjustment of the spacer length between the carboxylic acid and basic moieties, led to low nanomolar antagonists of alphavbeta3 and/or alphavbeta5 integrins with excellent selectivity versus alpha(IIb)beta3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart L De Corte
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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30
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Bello P, Heaton NJ, Chana A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Riande E, Herradón B. Influence of arene-arene interactions on the conformation of acyclic molecules:1H NMR and dipole moment experimental results. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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32
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Koizumi K, Tsutsumi Y, Yoshioka Y, Watanabe M, Okamoto T, Mukai Y, Nakagawa S, Mayumi T. Anti-angiogenic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1295-8. [PMID: 12951474 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is the only intravesical agent approved by the FDA for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. While it is known that DMSO has numerous biological effects on cell differentiation and alteration of cell-surface carbohydrate structures, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DMSO has been not clear yet. Therefore, further investigation of DMSO in terms of inflammation therapy is needed. This study assessed the in vitro anti-angiogenic effects of DMSO on human aorta endothelial cells to clarify one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory activity. DMSO did not affect expression of E-selectin on endothelial cells in the presence of TNF-alpha. Furthermore, DMSO effectively inhibited capillary tube formation; this mechanism would be due to suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) production. These results provide useful knowledge about the anti-inflammatory effects of DMSO and the regulatory mechanism of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Koizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Boger DL. Solution-phase synthesis of combinatorial libraries designed to modulate protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1607-13. [PMID: 12659745 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A short personal perspective on the development of an approach to the solution-phase synthesis of combinatorial libraries for modulating cellular signaling by inhibiting, promoting, or mimicking protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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34
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Ingber DE. Tensegrity II. How structural networks influence cellular information processing networks. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:1397-408. [PMID: 12640025 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenge in biology today is biocomplexity: the need to explain how cell and tissue behaviors emerge from collective interactions within complex molecular networks. Part I of this two-part article, described a mechanical model of cell structure based on tensegrity architecture that explains how the mechanical behavior of the cell emerges from physical interactions among the different molecular filament systems that form the cytoskeleton. Recent work shows that the cytoskeleton also orients much of the cell's metabolic and signal transduction machinery and that mechanical distortion of cells and the cytoskeleton through cell surface integrin receptors can profoundly affect cell behavior. In particular, gradual variations in this single physical control parameter (cell shape distortion) can switch cells between distinct gene programs (e.g. growth, differentiation and apoptosis), and this process can be viewed as a biological phase transition. Part II of this article covers how combined use of tensegrity and solid-state mechanochemistry by cells may mediate mechanotransduction and facilitate integration of chemical and physical signals that are responsible for control of cell behavior. In addition, it examines how cell structural networks affect gene and protein signaling networks to produce characteristic phenotypes and cell fate transitions during tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Ingber
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Enders 1007, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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35
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Rüegg C, Dormond O, Foletti A. Suppression of tumor angiogenesis through the inhibition of integrin function and signaling in endothelial cells: which side to target? ENDOTHELIUM : JOURNAL OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESEARCH 2003; 9:151-60. [PMID: 12380640 DOI: 10.1080/10623320213635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is an essential step in tumor progression and metastasis formation. Suppression of tumor angiogenesis results in the inhibition of tumor growth. Recent evidence indicates that vascular integrins, in particular alpha V beta 3, are important regulators of angiogenesis, including tumor angiogenesis. Integrin alpha V beta 3 antagonists, such as blocking antibodies or peptides, suppress tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression in many preclinical tumor models. The potential therapeutic efficacy of extracellular integrin antagonists in human cancer is currently being tested in clinical trials. Selective disruption of the tumor vasculature by high doses of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and the antiangiogenic activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with the suppression of integrin alpha V beta 3 function and signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, expression of isolated integrin cytoplasmic domains disrupts integrin-dependent adhesion, resulting in endothelial cell detachment and apoptosis. These results confirm the critical role of vascular integrins in promoting endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis and suggest that intracellular targeting of integrin function and signaling may be an alternative strategy to extracellular integrin antagonists for the therapeutic inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rüegg
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, University of Lausanne Medical School, Switzerland.
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36
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Ambroise Y, Yaspan B, Ginsberg MH, Boger DL. Inhibitors of cell migration that inhibit intracellular paxillin/alpha4 binding: a well-documented use of positional scanning libraries. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:1219-26. [PMID: 12445772 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Screening combinatorial libraries for inhibition of Paxillin binding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin alpha4 provided the first inhibitors of this protein-protein interaction implicated in enhanced rates of cell migration and chronic inflammation. The preparation of substructure analogs of the lead identified features required for activity, those available for modification, and those that may be removed. The most potent lead structure was shown to inhibit alpha(4)beta(1)-mediated human Jurkat T cell migration in a dose-dependent manner, validating the intracellular Paxillin/alpha4 interaction as a useful and unique target for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the lead structure emerged from a library that was prepared in two formats: (1) a traditional small mixture format composed of 100 mixtures of 10 compounds and (2) a positional scanning library. Their parallel testing provided the rare opportunity to critically compare two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ambroise
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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37
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Abstract
A diverse group of plasma membrane proteins have been found associated with integrins in supramolecular complexes. These associated plasma membrane molecules can modulate virtually all integrin functions by altering signal transduction arising from integrin ligation. In the past two years, new examples of signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins and regulation by membrane rafts have emphasized their importance in the function of integrin-containing supramolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Brown
- Program in Host--Pathogen Interactions, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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38
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Trepel M, Arap W, Pasqualini R. In vivo phage display and vascular heterogeneity: implications for targeted medicine. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2002; 6:399-404. [PMID: 12023122 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(02)00336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium expresses differential receptors depending on the functional state and tissue localization of its cells. A method to characterize this receptor heterogeneity with phage display random peptide libraries has been developed. Using this technology, several peptide ligands have been isolated that home to tissue-specific endothelial cell receptors following intravenous administration. Such peptide ligands, or antibodies directed against specific vascular receptors, can be used to target therapeutic compounds or imaging agents to endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Recent advances in the field include identification of novel endothelial receptors expressed differentially in normal and pathological conditions and the isolation of peptides or antibody ligands to such receptors in in vitro assays, in animal models and in a human patient. These milestones, which extend the 'functional map' of the vasculature, should lead to clinical applications in diseases such as cancer and other conditions that exhibit distinct vascular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trepel
- University of Freiburg Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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39
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McCusker CF, Kocienski PJ, Boyle FT, Schätzlein AG. Solid-phase synthesis of c(RGDfK) derivatives: on-resin cyclisation and lysine functionalisation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:547-9. [PMID: 11844669 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic pentapeptide c(RGDfK), a selective ligand for the alpha(v)beta3 integrin, was synthesised on solid phase. All synthetic operations including the cyclisation step and the appendage of the Bolton-Hunter reagent was conducted on-resin.
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