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Li J, Amador C, Wilson MR. Computational predictions of interfacial tension, surface tension, and surfactant adsorption isotherms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12107-12120. [PMID: 38587476 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
All-atom (AA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to predict interfacial tensions (IFT) and surface tensions (ST) of both ionic and non-ionic surfactants. The general AMBER force field (GAFF) and variants are examined in terms of their performance in predicting accurate IFT/ST, γ, values for chosen water models, together with the hydration free energy, ΔGhyd, and density, ρ, predictions for organic bulk phases. A strong correlation is observed between the quality of ρ and γ predictions. Based on the results, the GAFF-LIPID force field, which provides improved ρ predictions is selected for simulating surfactant tail groups. Good γ predictions are obtained with GAFF/GAFF-LIPID parameters and the TIP3P water model for IFT simulations at a water-triolein interface, and for GAFF/GAFF-LIPID parameters together with the OPC4 water model for ST simulations at a water-vacuum interface. Using a combined molecular dynamics-molecular thermodynamics theory (MD-MTT) framework, a mole fraction of C12E6 molecule of 1.477 × 10-6 (from the experimental critical micelle concentration, CMC) gives a simulated surface excess concentration, ΓMAX, of 76 C12E6 molecules at a 36 nm2 water-vacuum surface (3.5 × 10-10 mol cm-2), which corresponds to a simulated ST of 35 mN m-1. The results compare favourably with an experimental ΓMAX of C12E6 of 3.7 × 10-10 mol cm-2 (80 surfactants for a 36 nm2 surface) and experimental ST of C12E6 of 32 mN m-1 at the CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Carlos Amador
- Newcastle Innovation Centre, Procter & Gamble Ltd, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE12 9BZ, UK
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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2
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Pinjari A, Saraf D, Sengupta D. Molecular mechanisms underlying nanowire formation in pristine phthalocyanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30259-30268. [PMID: 37927067 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular processes of nanowire self-assembly is crucial for designing and controlling nanoscale structures that could lead to breakthroughs in functional materials. In this work, we focus on pristine phthalocyanines as a representative example of mesogenic supramolecular assemblies and have analyzed the formation of nanowires using classical molecular dynamics simulations. In the simulations, the molecules spontaneously form multi-columnar structures resembling supramolecular polymers that subsequently grow into more ordered aggregates. These self-assemblies are concentration dependent, leading to the formation of multi-columnar, dynamic aggregates at higher concentrations and nanowires at lower concentrations. The multi-columnar assemblies on a whole are more disordered than the nanowires, but have locally ordered domains of parallel facing molecules that can fluctuate while maintaining their overall shape. The nanowire formation at lower concentrations involves the initial interaction and clustering of randomly oriented phthalocyanine molecules, followed by the merging of small clusters into elongated segments and the eventual formation of a stable nanowire. We observe three main conformers in these self-assemblies, the parallel, T-shaped and edge-to-edge stacking of the phthalocyanine dimers. We calculate the underlying free energy landscape and show that the parallel conformers form the most stable configuration which is followed by the T-shaped and edge-to-edge dimer configurations. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms and pathways of nanowire formation and a step towards the understanding of self-assembly processes in supramolecular mesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Pinjari
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
| | - Deepashri Saraf
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
| | - Durba Sengupta
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
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3
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Label-free optical and electrical immunoassays based on lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: Implications of real-time detection and kinetic analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115011. [PMID: 36549110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional liquid crystal (LC)-based biosensors utilize predominantly thermotropic LCs as the signal-transducing media, which are less environmentally sustainable compared with lyotropic counterparts. In this study, the nematic phase of the anionic azo dye sunset yellow (SSY), a type of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs), was employed in the optical and electrical biosensing of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the cancer biomarker CA125. The optical response observed under a polarizing optical microscope was quantified by image analysis, taking advantage of the specific absorption of SSY. The electrical response derived from the dielectric spectra of SSY provided a new alternative for quantitative bioassay based on nematic LCLCs. The limit of detection (LOD) of the optical and electrical protein assay was ∼10-11- and ∼10-10-g/ml BSA, respectively, whereas that of the optical and electrical immunoassay was 5.97 × 10-11 and 6.02 × 10-12 g/ml for CA125, respectively. Moreover, real-time monitoring and kinetic analysis, which are hardly achievable for the hydrophobic thermotropic LCs, were demonstrated by dispersing CA125 in nematic SSY and subsequently recording the optical response over time during the specific binding between CA125 and the immobilized anti-CA125 antibody. Results from this study further the potential of nematic LCLCs in biosensing, especially in dielectric and real-time detection.
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4
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Molecular Simulation Approaches to the Study of Thermotropic and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the availability of computer time, together with new algorithms capable of exploiting parallel computer architectures, has opened up many possibilities in molecularly modelling liquid crystalline systems. This perspective article points to recent progress in modelling both thermotropic and lyotropic systems. For thermotropic nematics, the advent of improved molecular force fields can provide predictions for nematic clearing temperatures within a 10 K range. Such studies also provide valuable insights into the structure of more complex phases, where molecular organisation may be challenging to probe experimentally. Developments in coarse-grained models for thermotropics are discussed in the context of understanding the complex interplay of molecular packing, microphase separation and local interactions, and in developing methods for the calculation of material properties for thermotropics. We discuss progress towards the calculation of elastic constants, rotational viscosity coefficients, flexoelectric coefficients and helical twisting powers. The article also covers developments in modelling micelles, conventional lyotropic phases, lyotropic phase diagrams, and chromonic liquid crystals. For the latter, atomistic simulations have been particularly productive in clarifying the nature of the self-assembled aggregates in dilute solution. The development of effective coarse-grained models for chromonics is discussed in detail, including models that have demonstrated the formation of the chromonic N and M phases.
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5
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Yu G, Wilson MR. Molecular simulation studies of self-assembly for a chromonic perylene dye: All-atom studies and new approaches to coarse-graining. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Stoica I, Epure EL, Constantin CP, Damaceanu MD, Ursu EL, Mihaila I, Sava I. Evaluation of Local Mechanical and Chemical Properties via AFM as a Tool for Understanding the Formation Mechanism of Pulsed UV Laser-Nanoinduced Patterns on Azo-Naphthalene-Based Polyimide Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030812. [PMID: 33809999 PMCID: PMC8005186 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic polyimides containing side azo-naphthalene groups have been investigated regarding their capacity of generating surface relief gratings (SRGs) under pulsed UV laser irradiation through phase masks, using different fluencies and pulse numbers. The process of the material photo-fluidization and the supramolecular re-organization of the surface were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). At first, an AFM nanoscale topographical analysis of the induced SRGs was performed in terms of morphology and tridimensional amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and functional parameters. Afterward, a nanomechanical characterization of SRGs using an advanced method, namely, AFM PinPoint mode, was performed, where the quantitative nanomechanical properties (i.e., modulus, adhesion, deformation) of the nanostructured azo-polyimide surfaces were acquired with a highly correlated topographic registration. This method proved to be very effective in understanding the formation mechanism of the surface modulations during pulsed UV laser irradiation. Additionally to AFM investigations, confocal Raman measurements and molecular simulations were performed to provide information about structured azo-polyimide chemical composition and macromolecular conformation induced by laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Stoica
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Elena-Luiza Epure
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Catalin-Paul Constantin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Mariana-Dana Damaceanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Ilarion Mihaila
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ion Sava
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-P.C.); (M.-D.D.); (E.-L.U.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (I.S.)
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7
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Yu G, Walker M, Wilson MR. Atomistic simulation studies of ionic cyanine dyes: self-assembly and aggregate formation in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6408-6421. [PMID: 33705506 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06205g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine dyes are known to form large-scale aggregates of various morphologies via spontaneous self-assembly in aqueous solution, akin to chromonic liquid crystals. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on four cyanine dyes: pseudoisocyanine chloride (PIC), pinacyanol chloride (PCYN), 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine chloride (TTBC) and 1,1'-disulfopropyl-3,3'-diethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine sodium salt (BIC). Simulations employed an optimised general AMBER force field and demonstrate the organisation of the dyes into stacked structures at dilute concentrations. The thermodynamics of self-assembly was studied by calculating potentials of mean force for n-mers (n = 2, 3 or 4), from which the free energies of association are determined. We report binding free energies in the range of 8 to 15kBT for dimerisation, concordant with typical values for ionic chromonics (7 to 14kBT), and examine the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the aggregation process. The self-assembly of these dyes yields two distinct classes of structures. We observe the formation of H-aggregate stacks for PCYN, with further complexity in these assemblies for PIC; where the aggregates contain shift and Y junction defects. TTBC and BIC associate into a J-aggregate sheet structure of unimolecular thickness, and is composed of a brickwork arrangement between molecules. These sheet structures are characteristic of the smectic chromonic mesophase, and such assemblies provide a route to the emergence of nanoscale tubular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UK.
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8
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Perego C, Pesce L, Capelli R, George SJ, Pavan GM. Multiscale Molecular Modelling of ATP‐Fueled Supramolecular Polymerisation and Depolymerisation**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2 Via Cantonale 2c 6928 Manno Switzerland
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department of Innovative Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2 Via Cantonale 2c 6928 Manno Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Subi J. George
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory New Chemistry Unit Jawaharlal Neru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2 Via Cantonale 2c 6928 Manno Switzerland
- Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
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9
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Potter TD, Walker M, Wilson MR. Self-assembly and mesophase formation in a non-ionic chromonic liquid crystal: insights from bottom-up and top-down coarse-grained simulation models. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9488-9498. [PMID: 32955531 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New coarse-grained models are introduced for a non-ionic chromonic molecule, TP6EO2M, in aqueous solution. The multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) approach is used, in the form of hybrid force matching (HFM), to produce a bottom-up CG model that demonstrates self-assembly in water and the formation of a chromonic stack. However, the high strength of binding in stacks is found to limit the transferability of the HFM model at higher concentrations. The MARTINI 3 framework is also tested. Here, a top-down CG model is produced which shows self-assembly in solution in good agreement with atomistic studies and transfers well to higher concentrations, allowing the full phase diagram of TP6EO2M to be studied. At high concentration, both self-assembly of molecules into chromonic stacks and self-organisation of stacks into mesophases occurs, with the formation of nematic (N) and hexagonal (M) chromonic phases. This CG-framework is suggested as a suitable way of studying a range of chromonic-type drug and dye molecules that exhibit complex self-assembly and solubility behaviour in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Potter
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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10
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Eun J, Cheon J, Kim SJ, Shin TJ, Jeong J. Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals and Their Impurities Reveal the Importance of the Position of Functional Groups in Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9246-9254. [PMID: 32960600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of purification and impurities on the self-assembly and phase behavior of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs). LCLC molecules in water stack to form aggregates; then, the elongated nanoaggregates align to make liquid crystalline phases. Utilizing multiple experimental techniques, we unveil impurities in commercial Sunset Yellow FCF (SSY), a representative LCLC, and how the precipitation-based purification promotes the formation of the aggregates and mesophase. We further explore the roles of intrinsic impurities, i.e., byproducts of the SSY synthesis, whose molecular structures are almost identical to that of SSY but differ only in the number and position of sulfonate groups. Combining quantum chemical calculations of molecular structures and experimental investigation of aggregate structures and phase behavior, we propose that the impurities of the planar shapes behave as planar SSY, i.e., participating in aggregate formation, whereas the nonplanar one disrupts the nematic phase. These results highlight the critical roles of the impurities and deepen our understanding of self-assembled aggregates and their aligned mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Eun
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Cheon
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Cheng X, Miao T, Qian Y, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu X. Supramolecular Chirality in Azobenzene-Containing Polymer System: Traditional Postpolymerization Self-Assembly Versus In Situ Supramolecular Self-Assembly Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6186. [PMID: 32867119 PMCID: PMC7503415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the design of novel supramolecular chiral materials has received a great deal of attention due to rapid developments in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and molecular self-assembly. Supramolecular chirality has been widely introduced to polymers containing photoresponsive azobenzene groups. On the one hand, supramolecular chiral structures of azobenzene-containing polymers (Azo-polymers) can be produced by nonsymmetric arrangement of Azo units through noncovalent interactions. On the other hand, the reversibility of the photoisomerization also allows for the control of the supramolecular organization of the Azo moieties within polymer structures. The construction of supramolecular chirality in Azo-polymeric self-assembled system is highly important for further developments in this field from both academic and practical points of view. The postpolymerization self-assembly strategy is one of the traditional strategies for mainly constructing supramolecular chirality in Azo-polymers. The in situ supramolecular self-assembly mediated by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a facile one-pot approach for the construction of well-defined supramolecular chirality during polymerization process. In this review, we focus on a discussion of supramolecular chirality of Azo-polymer systems constructed by traditional postpolymerization self-assembly and PISA-mediated in situ supramolecular self-assembly. Furthermore, we will also summarize the basic concepts, seminal studies, recent trends, and perspectives in the constructions and applications of supramolecular chirality based on Azo-polymers with the hope to advance the development of supramolecular chirality in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.C.); (T.M.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
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12
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Huang N, Tao J, Wei S, Huang W, Wang D. Positional Order in the Columnar Phase of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Mediated by Ionic Additives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9937-9943. [PMID: 32391481 PMCID: PMC7203950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Positional order in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) is investigated in the supramolecular assembly of benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derivatives with the glucono-delta-lactone (GdL) acid additive by high-resolution synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The formation of positionally ordered hexagonal phase is found to profoundly depend on the concentrations of BTA derivatives, c BTA, and GdL additives, c addtive, giving rise to unusual behavior distinctive from conventional lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs) with covalent bonds and fixed length. The hexagonal phase is observed to coexist with another phase in certain range of c addtive/c BTA. Intriguingly, the lattice spacing R of the hexagonal phase remains almost constant by varying c addtive but changes with c BTA. The above observations are attributed to unique sensitivities of the LCLC properties, such as the contour length and flexibility of individual cylinder assemblies and phase coexistence, to additives in the solutions. Our study reveals the complexity in positional ordering in the LCLCs which not only relates to the underlying principles of hierarchical reversible self-assembly but also attracts fundamental interests in LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningdong Huang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tao
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Shenghui Wei
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Weiheng Huang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Daoliang Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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Mi YF, Xu G, Guo YS, Wu B, An QF. Development of antifouling nanofiltration membrane with zwitterionic functionalized monomer for efficient dye/salt selective separation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Scherb S, Hinaut A, Pawlak R, Vilhena JG, Liu Y, Freund S, Liu Z, Feng X, Müllen K, Glatzel T, Narita A, Meyer E. Giant thermal expansion of a two-dimensional supramolecular network triggered by alkyl chain motion. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2020; 1:8. [PMID: 32259137 PMCID: PMC7099928 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-020-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal expansion, the response in shape, area or volume of a solid with heat, is usually large in molecular materials compared to their inorganic counterparts. Resulting from the intrinsic molecule flexibility, conformational changes or variable intermolecular interactions, the exact interplay between these mechanisms is however poorly understood down to the molecular level. Here, we investigate the structural variations of a two-dimensional supramolecular network on Au(111) consisting of shape persistent polyphenylene molecules equipped with peripheral dodecyl chains. By comparing high-resolution scanning probe microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations obtained at 5 and 300 K, we determine the thermal expansion coefficient of the assembly of 980 ± 110 × 10-6 K-1, twice larger than other molecular systems hitherto reported in the literature, and two orders of magnitude larger than conventional materials. This giant positive expansion originates from the increased mobility of the dodecyl chains with temperature that determine the intermolecular interactions and the network spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scherb
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. G. Vilhena
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Liu
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Freund
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Mishra VR, Ghanavatkar CW, Sekar N. UV protective heterocyclic disperse azo dyes: Spectral properties, dyeing, potent antibacterial activity on dyed fabric and comparative computational study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117353. [PMID: 31306957 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disperse azo dyes are synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS, Elemental analysis, UV-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The azo dyes show absorption maxima in the range of 460-493 nm. Dye with benzothiazole moiety i.e. VM7a and VM8a show a bathochromic shift in absorption maxima of 90 and 26 nm respectively in a polar aprotic solvent (i.e. DMF, DMSO). The dyes show deep red emission in a polar aprotic solvent (i.e. DMF, DMSO) with a Stokes shift of 62 to 180 nm. The dyes are applied on polyester fabric and the dyed fabric exhibit excellent to a good wash and sublimation fastness property. They show a very good UPF rating and almost blocking 95 to 98% of harmful UV radiation. Antibacterial activity of dyed polyester fabric is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by using AATCC 147 and 100 test method respectively. The dyed fabrics exhibit excellent antibacterial activities against S.aureus (Gram-positive) and K. pneumoniae (Gram-negative). DFT method was used to identify the stable conformer. HOMO-LUMO gap and global reactivity descriptors were calculated using DFT method and correlated with antibacterial activities and light fastness properties respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra R Mishra
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chaitannya W Ghanavatkar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400 019, Maharashtra, India.
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16
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Katz JR, Day IJ. Using Small-Molecule Probes to Investigate Aggregation of Sunset Yellow FCF: What are the Concentration Limits? J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8987-8994. [PMID: 31560194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of small molecules into larger structures, often driven by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, aromatic stacking interactions, and burial of hydrophobic surface, is of widespread interest. The interaction of small molecules with aggregates also has a large range of applications from fluorescence aggregation assays to gas storage in framework materials. Here, we utilize nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the interaction of a small-molecule probe on the assembly state of sunset yellow across a wide range of relative concentrations. Information from both macroscopic (diffusion) and microscopic (chemical shifts) measurements allows the interaction to be studied and the binding mode to be interrogated. Using fluorophenol as the small-molecule probe, we show that the aggregation behavior of sunset yellow is broadly unaffected by the relative amount of fluorophenol added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Katz
- School of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QJ , U.K
| | - Iain J Day
- School of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QJ , U.K
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17
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Matus Rivas OM, Rey AD. Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effect of l-Alanine Chiral Dopants on Diluted Chromonic Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8995-9010. [PMID: 31525883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) chromonic solutions mixed with l-alanine chiral dopants. We study the fundamental molecular mechanisms induced by low concentrations of l-alanine on diluted DSCG solutions, including their effect on the chromonic aggregates, the solvent, and sodium counterions. Simulations reveal that l-alanine molecules primarily interact with DSCG stacks establishing salt bridges between their respective ammonium and carboxylate groups. Our results demonstrate that l-alanine and sodium counterions jointly establish an intricate network of noncovalent interactions around DSCG aggregates that decreases the global electrostatic repulsion of the chromonic system. Two possible structural effects in DSCG aggregates arise from this electronic stabilization: the increment of the total number of consecutively stacked aromatic planes per DSCG aggregate (intracolumnar effect) or the partial separation reduction between neighboring DSCG columnar sections due to the simultaneous bridging of intercolumnar DSCG carboxylate sites by sodium counterions, forming sodium bridges (intercolumnar effect). Sodium bridges may be responsible for the formation of stacking faults in DSCG aggregates in the form of lateral overlap junctions. This mechanism would explain the difference between lower X-ray correlation lengths with the expected persistence length in chromonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Matus Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Alejandro D Rey
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
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18
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Zheng D, Gu Y, Li X, Zhang L, Zhao W, Ma J. Hydrogen Bonding Promoted Tautomerism between Azo and Hydrazone Forms in Calcon with Multistimuli Responsiveness and Biocompatibility. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2110-2122. [PMID: 30769961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Realization of multistimuli responsiveness in one molecule remains a challenge due to the difficulty in understanding and control of comprehensive interplay between the external stimuli and the subtle conformation changes. The coexistence of dynamic bonding interactions, hydroxyl group, and the azo chromophore in calcon causes the multistimuli responsiveness to external stimuli including temperature, pH variation, and light irradiation. Density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and various molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to systematically investigate the azo-hydrazone tautomerism and E-to- Z isomerization. The inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions promote the azo-hydrazone tautomerism at different pH conditions. The strong n → π* absorption in the visible light region gives an advantage of calcon without the harm to living cells from UV light. The facial tautomerism renders the calcon temperature sensitivity, which could be triggered at body temperature (311 K) with distinct color change from red to blue. It is also found that in pH = 6.8 both azo and hydrazone isomers have no cytotoxicity on the human lung cells (A549 and H1299) and hepatic epithelial cell of rat (FL83B). The visible-light absorption, pH, and temperature sensitiveness and biocompatibility render calcon potential candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , P. R. China.,Nanxin Pharm Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Nanxin Pharm Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory , Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , 210011 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 P. R. China.,Nanxin Pharm Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
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19
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Zhou S. Recent progresses in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal research: elasticity, viscosity, defect structures, and living liquid crystals. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2018.1570593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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20
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Matus Rivas OM, Rey AD. Effects of Sodium and Magnesium Cations on the Aggregation of Chromonic Solutions Using Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1718-1732. [PMID: 30672292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) constitute a unique variety of water-soluble mesogens that spontaneously assemble into elongated aggregates, thereby resulting in the formation of liquid crystal phases depending on the temperature and concentration. The influence of ionic additives on the aggregation of LCLC has been extensively studied, but the molecular mechanisms governing these effects remain unclear. In this investigation, we perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of dilute sunset yellow (SSY) LCLC solutions doped with NaCl and MgCl2 salts. Structural and dynamical properties of SSY hydration shells are considerably modified by the partial substitution of their H bonds with sodium/magnesium-sulfonate ion pairs. Although the intermolecular distance of ∼3.4 Å between SSY mesogens is preserved regardless of the ionic content, the growing number of ion pairs favors the reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between mesogens, increasing the length of SSY stacks. Moreover, magnesium cations exert the strongest electrostatic effects due to their higher hydration capabilities and acute electrostatic binding to SSY. For these reasons, experimental observations of dilute SSY solutions doped with Mg2+ exhibit higher nematic-to-isotropic transition temperatures than Na+. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the influence of ionic additives on the self-assembly of diluted LCLC solutions derived from the synergistic molecular mechanisms between mesogens, the solvent, and cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Matus Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A OC5 , Canada
| | - Alejandro D Rey
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A OC5 , Canada
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21
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Ogolla T, Paley RS, Collings PJ. Temperature dependence of the pitch in chiral lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals. SOFT MATTER 2018; 15:109-115. [PMID: 30534734 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most simple cases in which chirality at the microscopic level produces a chiral macroscopic structure is the chiral nematic liquid crystal phase. In such a phase, the preferred direction of molecular orientation rotates in helical fashion, with the pitch of the helix in different systems ranging from around 100 nm to as large as can be measured (∼10 mm). For almost all thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals, the ordered entities are formed from strong bonds, so the pitch varies in accordance with how the interactions between these largely immutable entities are affected by changing conditions. A unique exception are lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) that spontaneously form weakly bound assemblies in solution, the size of which depends strongly on experimental parameters. While the temperature dependence of the pitch has been measured for chiral LCLCs formed by short strands of DNA (DNA-LCLCs), such is not the case for chiral LCLCs formed by small molecules. Polarized optical microscopy experiments on small molecule chiral LCLCs reveal the changing assembly size through a temperature dependence of the pitch not typical for many other systems, including the most recent measurements on DNA-LCLCs. In fact, the pitch measurements in small molecule chiral LCLCs strongly increase in value as the temperature is increased and the assemblies shrink in size. Theoretical considerations provide some help in understanding this phenomena, but leave much to be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ogolla
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Paley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Collings
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Nguyen KT, De Michele C. Nematic liquid crystals of bifunctional patchy spheres. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:141. [PMID: 30552517 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic interactions can bring about the formation, through self-assembly, of semi-flexible chains, which in turn can give rise to nematic phases for suitable temperatures and concentrations. A minimalist model constituted of hard cylinders decorated with attractive sites has been already extensively studied numerically. Simulation data shows that a theoretical approach recently proposed is able to properly capture the physical properties of these self-assembly-driven liquid crystals. Here, we investigated a simpler model constituted of bifunctional Kern-Frenkel hard spheres which does not possess steric anisotropy but which can undergo a istropic-nematic transition as a result of their self-assembly into semi-flexible chains. For this model we compare an accurate numerical estimate of isotropic-nematic phase boundaries with theoretical predictions. The theoretical treatment, originally proposed for cylinder-like particles, has been greatly simplified and its predictions are in good agreement with numerical results. Finally, we also assess a crucial, and not obvious, hypothesis used in the theory, i.e. the ability of the Onsager trial function to properly model particle orientation in the presence of aggregation, that has not been properly checked yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Thuy Nguyen
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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23
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Magana JR, Solans C, Salonen LM, Carbó-Argibay E, Gallo J, Tiddy GJ, Rodríguez-Abreu C. Chromonic self-assemblies in a series of dialkyl-thiacarbocyanine dyes and generalization of a facile route for the synthesis of fluorescent nanostructured silica fibers. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Berart SD, Tortora L, Finotello D, Zupancic B, Zalar B, Green L, Lavrentovich OD. Order parameters and time evolution of mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF by DNMR. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7277-7286. [PMID: 30140799 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uniaxial order parameters of the nematic and columnar mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF have been determined from deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance, where random confinement of the system by the dispersion of aerosil nanoparticles has been performed to help obtain the angular dependent spectra. The long-time evolution study of the order parameters shows that the system requires tens of hours to stabilize after a deep change in temperature, in contrast with the very fast assembly process of the aggregates. Finally, the degree of order of the water molecules, forced by the uniaxial environment, has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Diez Berart
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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25
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Thind R, Walker M, Wilson MR. Molecular Simulation Studies of Cyanine-Based Chromonic Mesogens: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking to Form Chiral Aggregates and the Formation of a Novel Lamellar Structure. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romnik Thind
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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26
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Mohseni-Shahri FS, Moeinpour F, Nosrati M. Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation study on the interaction of sunset yellow food additive with pepsin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:273-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Romani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberta Ferrarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
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28
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Backbone-free duplex-stacked monomer nucleic acids exhibiting Watson-Crick selectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7658-E7664. [PMID: 29967169 PMCID: PMC6099888 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721369115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The columnar liquid crystal phases reported here are physical associations of the smallest molecular species to self-assemble into the duplex base-paired stacked columnar double-helical structures of nucleic acids. These assemblies of monomers can provide starting states capable of partitioning appropriate molecules from solution with a high degree of selectivity, acting as pathways for the prebiotic appearance of molecular selection, self-assembly, and, ultimately, of the sequence-directed assembly of polymers. We demonstrate that nucleic acid (NA) mononucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs and rNTPs), at sufficiently high concentration and low temperature in aqueous solution, can exhibit a phase transition in which chromonic columnar liquid crystal ordering spontaneously appears. Remarkably, this polymer-free state exhibits, in a self-assembly of NA monomers, the key structural elements of biological nucleic acids, including: long-ranged duplex stacking of base pairs, complementarity-dependent partitioning of molecules, and Watson–Crick selectivity, such that, among all solutions of adenosine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine NTPs and their binary mixtures, duplex columnar ordering is most stable in the A-T and C-G combinations.
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29
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Orellana AG, Romani E, De Michele C. Speeding up Monte Carlo simulation of patchy hard cylinders. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:51. [PMID: 29651630 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hard cylinder model decorated with attractive patches proved to be very useful recently in studying physical properties of several colloidal systems. Phase diagram, elastic constants and cholesteric properties obtained from computer simulations based on a simple hard cylinder model have been all successfully and quantitatively compared to experimental results. Key to these simulations is an efficient algorithm to check the overlap between hard cylinders. Here, we propose two algorithms to check the hard cylinder overlap and we assess their efficiency through a comparison with an existing method available in the literature and with the well-established algorithm for simulating hard spherocylinders. In addition, we discuss a couple of optimizations for performing computer simulations of patchy anisotropic particles and we estimate the speed-up which they can provide in the case of patchy hard cylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Romani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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30
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Mondal J, Manna AK, Patra GK. Highly selective hydrazone based reversible colorimetric chemosensors for expeditious detection of CN− in aqueous media. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Yang H, Long Y, Li H, Pan S, Liu H, Yang J, Hu X. Carbon dots synthesized by hydrothermal process via sodium citrate and NH4HCO3 for sensitive detection of temperature and sunset yellow. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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32
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Kristinaitytė K, Maršalka A, Dagys L, Aidas K, Doroshenko I, Vaskivskyi Y, Chernolevska Y, Pogorelov V, Valevičienė NR, Balevicius V. NMR, Raman, and DFT Study of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals of Biomedical Interest: Tautomeric Equilibrium and Slow Self-Assembling in Sunset Yellow Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3047-3055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aru̅nas Maršalka
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Aidas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Iryna Doroshenko
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova Avenue 4, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yevhenii Vaskivskyi
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova Avenue 4, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yelyzaveta Chernolevska
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova Avenue 4, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Pogorelov
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova Avenue 4, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Vytautas Balevicius
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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33
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Berride F, Troche-Pesqueira E, Feio G, Cabrita EJ, Sierra T, Navarro-Vázquez A, Cid MM. Chiral amplification of disodium cromoglycate chromonics induced by a codeine derivative. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6810-6815. [PMID: 28819662 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromonic liquid crystals (CLC) are lyotropic phases formed by discotic mesogens in water. Simple chiral dopants such as amino acids have been reported to turn chromonic liquid crystals into their cholesteric counterparts. Here we report a chirality amplification effect in the nematic phase of a 9 wt% disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) upon doping with a water-soluble codeine derivative. The transition on cooling the isotropic to the nematic phase showed the presence of homochiral spindle-shaped droplets (tactoids). NMR DOSY experiments on a triple gradient probe revealed a small degree of diffusion anisotropy for the alkaloid embedded in the liquid crystal structure. These results in combination with XRD, CD and POM experiments agree with a supramolecular aggregation model based on simple columnar stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berride
- Departamento de Quıímica Orgánica, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
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34
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Sidky H, Whitmer JK. The Emergent Nematic Phase in Ionic Chromonic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6691-6698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hythem Sidky
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Whitmer
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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35
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Davidson ZS, Huang Y, Gross A, Martinez A, Still T, Zhou C, Collings PJ, Kamien RD, Yodh AG. Deposition and drying dynamics of liquid crystal droplets. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15642. [PMID: 28555621 PMCID: PMC5460001 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drop drying and deposition phenomena reveal a rich interplay of fundamental science and engineering, give rise to fascinating everyday effects (coffee rings), and influence technologies ranging from printing to genotyping. Here we investigate evaporation dynamics, morphology, and deposition patterns of drying lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal droplets. These drops differ from typical evaporating colloidal drops primarily due to their concentration-dependent isotropic, nematic, and columnar phases. Phase separation occurs during evaporation, and in the process creates surface tension gradients and significant density and viscosity variation within the droplet. As a result, the drying multiphase drops exhibit different convective currents, drop morphologies, and deposition patterns (coffee-rings). When particle-laden drops evaporate, coffee ring patterns form which can affect particle deposition. Here Davidson et al. show that unlike previously investigated drops, the flows in drying drops of liquid crystals are driven by an increase in surface tension due to liquid crystal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey S Davidson
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yongyang Huang
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Adam Gross
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Angel Martinez
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tim Still
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.,Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering, Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Peter J Collings
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Physics &Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA
| | - Randall D Kamien
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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36
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Using chiral tactoids as optical probes to study the aggregation behavior of chromonics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3826-3831. [PMID: 28336530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614620114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactoids are nuclei of an orientationally ordered nematic phase that emerge upon cooling the isotropic phase. In addition to providing a natural setting for exploring chromonics under confinement, we show that tactoids can also serve as optical probes to delineate the role of temperature and concentration in the aggregation behavior of chromonics. For high concentrations, we observe the commonly reported elongated bipolar tactoids. As the concentration is lowered, breaking of achiral symmetry in the director configuration is observed with a predominance of twisted bipolar tactoids. On further reduction of concentration, a remarkable transformation of the director configuration occurs, wherein it conforms to a unique splay-minimizing configuration. Based on a simple model, we arrive at an interesting result that lower concentrations have longer aggregates at the same reduced temperature. Hence, the splay deformation that scales linearly with the aggregate length becomes prohibitive for lower concentrations and is relieved via twist and bend deformations in this unique configuration. Raman scattering measurements of the order parameters independently verify the trend in aggregate lengths and provide a physical picture of the nematic-biphasic transition.
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37
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38
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Bochicchio D, Pavan GM. From Cooperative Self-Assembly to Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers Using Coarse-Grained Simulations. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1000-1011. [PMID: 27992720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers, formed via noncovalent self-assembly of elementary monomers, are extremely interesting for their dynamic bioinspired properties. In order to understand their behavior, it is necessary to access their dynamics while maintaining high resolution in the treatment of the monomer structure and monomer-monomer interactions, which is typically a difficult task, especially in aqueous solution. Focusing on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) water-soluble supramolecular polymers, we have developed a transferable coarse-grained model that allows studying BTA supramolecular polymerization in water, while preserving remarkable consistency with the atomistic models in the description of the key interactions between the monomers (hydrophobic, H-bonding, etc.), self-assembly cooperativity, and amplification of order into the growing fibers. This permitted us to monitor the amplification of the key interactions between the monomers (including H-bonding) in the BTA fibers during the dynamic polymerization process. Our molecular dynamics simulations provide a picture of a stepwise cooperative polymerization mechanism, where initial fast hydrophobic aggregation of the BTA monomers in water is followed by the slower reorganization of these disordered aggregates into ordered directional oligomers. Supramolecular polymer growth then proceeds on a slower time scale. We challenged our models via comparison with the experimental evidence, capturing the effect of temperature variations and subtle changes in the monomer structure on the polymerization and on the properties of the fibers seen in the real systems. This work provides a multiscale spatiotemporal characterization of BTA self-assembly in water and a useful platform to study a variety of BTA-based supramolecular polymers toward structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
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Walker M, Wilson MR. Formation of complex self-assembled aggregates in non-ionic chromonics: dimer and trimer columns, layer structures and spontaneous chirality. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8588-8594. [PMID: 27722663 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations are used to model the aqueous self-assembly of three variants of the non-ionic triphenylene-based chromonic mesogen, TP6EO2M. In the variants studied, one to three of the six methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains of TP6EO2M are replaced by short hydrophobic-lipophobic chains, causing a remarkable change in the structure of the mesophases formed. In the 100 wt% limit, corresponding to pure thermotropic phases, complex columnar phases arise, in which the underlying hexagonal packing is supplemented by additional order resulting from microphase separation of hydrophobic-lipophobic regions. With addition of water an array of novel chromonic phases are seen. In these phases supramolecular aggregates form in which hydrophobic-lipophobic chains are excluded from water by the joining together of single molecule chromonic stacks into dimers or trimers. These aggregates form chromonic N and M phases and, in the case of a "Janus mesogen" (with three hydrophobic-lipophobic chains on one side of the molecule), form a novel smectic chromonic phase. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is seen in columns composed of trimer stacks with defects. Here achiral molecular aggregates develop a spontaneous twist, inducing the formation of either left-handed or right-handed chiral aggregates. On the long time-scales accessible to DPD simulations, chiral aggregates are seen to be dynamic structures in which chirality inversion can take place over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Walker
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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Garzoni M, Baker MB, Leenders CMA, Voets IK, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW, Pavan GM. Effect of H-Bonding on Order Amplification in the Growth of a Supramolecular Polymer in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13985-13995. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Garzoni
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- MERLN
Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christianus M. A. Leenders
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
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41
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Mohammadi A, Jabbari J. Simple naked-eye colorimetric chemosensors based on Schiff-base for selective sensing of cyanide and fluoride ions. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the design and synthesis of simple colorimetric chemosensors based on Schiff-base for highly selective sensing of cyanide and fluoride ions. The chemosensor S2, containing an electron withdrawing group (EWG), displayed selective sensing properties for both cyanide and fluoride ions. The interaction of S2 with F– and CN– ions provides remarkable colorimetric responses from yellow to purple, enabling naked-eye sensing without any spectroscopic instrumentation. The mechanism of anion binding with chemosensor S2 showed one-to-one stoichiometry by Job’s plot. The mechanism of interaction between the S2 and CN– ions has been confirmed by the 1H NMR titration experiments. Furthermore, the detection limits of chemosensor S2 towards F– and CN– ions were found to be 3.7 and 1.2 μmol/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jeyran Jabbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
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42
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Yao X, Nayani K, Park JO, Srinivasarao M. Orientational Order of a Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Measured by Polarized Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4508-12. [PMID: 27074395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals are distinct from thermotropic nematics from a fundamental standpoint as the structure of the aggregating columns is a function of both the temperature and concentration. We report on the thermal evolution of orientational order parameters, both the second (=scalar) (⟨P200⟩ (=S)) and fourth (⟨P400⟩) order, of sunset yellow FCF aqueous solutions, measured using polarized Raman spectroscopy for different concentrations. The order parameter increases with the concentration, and their values are high in comparison with those of thermotropic liquid crystals. On the basis of Raman spectroscopy, we provide the strongest evidence yet that the hydrozone tautomer of SSY is the predominant form in aqueous solutions in the isotropic, nematic, and columnar phases, as well as what we believe to be the first measurements of (⟨P400⟩) for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Center for Advanced Research on Optical Microscopy, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Karthik Nayani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Center for Advanced Research on Optical Microscopy, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jung Ok Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Center for Advanced Research on Optical Microscopy, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mohan Srinivasarao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Center for Advanced Research on Optical Microscopy, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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43
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Sidky H, Whitmer JK. Elastic response and phase behavior in binary liquid crystal mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4489-4498. [PMID: 27093188 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm03107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing density-of-states simulations, we perform a full mapping of the phase behavior and elastic responses of binary liquid crystalline mixtures represented by the multicomponent Lebwohl-Lasher model. Our techniques are able to characterize the complete phase diagram, including nematic-nematic phase separation predicted by mean-field theories, but previously not observed in simulations. Mapping this phase diagram permits detailed study of elastic properties across the miscible nematic region. Importantly, we observe for the first time local phase separation and disordering driven by the application of small linear perturbations near the transition temperature and more significantly through nonlinear stresses. These findings are of key importance in systems of blended nematics which contain particulate inclusions, or are otherwise confined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hythem Sidky
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame du Lac, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jonathan K Whitmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame du Lac, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Magana JR, Homs M, Solans C, Obiols-Rabasa M, Salonen LM, Rodríguez-Abreu C. Self-Assembly and Formation of Chromonic Liquid Crystals from the Dyes Quinaldine Red Acetate and Pyronin Y. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:250-8. [PMID: 26700729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous self-assembly behavior of the dyes Quinaldine red acetate and Pyronin Y in a wide range of concentrations is reported here for the first time. (1)H NMR spectroscopy, polarized-light optical microscopy, and small and wide X-ray scattering were used to get insight into molecular interactions, phase boundaries and aggregate structure. Quinaldine red acetate and Pyronin Y self-organize into unimolecular stacks driven by attractive aromatic interactions. At high concentrations, spatial correlation among the molecular stacks gives rise to nematic liquid crystals in both systems. Quinaldine red acetate additionally produces a rare chromonic O phase built of columnar aggregates with anisotropic cross-section ordered in a rectangular lattice. The O phase changes into a columnar lamellar structure as a result of a temperature-induced phase transition. Results open the possibility of finding chromonic liquid crystals in other commercially available dyes with a similar molecular structure. This would eventually expand the availability of these unique soft materials and thus introduce new applications for marketed dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Magana
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Homs
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Solans
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Obiols-Rabasa
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University , Getingevägen 60, SE-22241 Lund, Sweden
| | - L M Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - C Rodríguez-Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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46
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Yamaguchi A, Smith GP, Yi Y, Xu C, Biffi S, Serra F, Bellini T, Zhu C, Clark NA. Phases and structures of sunset yellow and disodium cromoglycate mixtures in water. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:012704. [PMID: 26871132 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.012704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study phases and structures of mixtures of two representative chromonic liquid crystal materials, sunset yellow FCF (SSY) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), in water. A variety of combinations of isotropic, nematic (N), and columnar (also called M) phases are observed depending on their concentrations, and a phase diagram is made. We find a tendency for DSCG-rich regions to show higher-order phases while SSY-rich regions show lower-order ones. We observe uniform mesophases only when one of the materials is sparse in the N phases. Their miscibility in M phases is so low that essentially complete phase separation occurs. X-ray scattering and spectroscopy studies confirm that SSY and DSCG molecules do not mix when they form chromonic aggregates and neither do their aggregates when they form M phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Gregory P Smith
- Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Youngwoo Yi
- Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Charles Xu
- Fairview High School, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Silvia Biffi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Serra
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bellini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Noel A Clark
- Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Studies of Some Selected Dyes as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic Medium: Gravimetric, Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical Studies and Synergistic Effect with Iodide Ions. Molecules 2015; 20:16004-29. [PMID: 26364631 PMCID: PMC6331870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrosion inhibition properties of some organic dyes, namely Sunset Yellow (SS), Amaranth (AM), Allura Red (AR), Tartrazine (TZ) and Fast Green (FG), for mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solution, were investigated using gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization techniques and quantum chemical calculations. The results showed that the studied dyes are good corrosion inhibitors with enhanced inhibition efficiencies. The inhibition efficiency of all the studied dyes increases with increase in concentration, and decreases with increase in temperature. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency of the dyes increases in the presence of KI due to synergistic interactions of the dye molecules with iodide (I−) ions. Potentiodynamic polarization results revealed that the studied dyes are mixed-type inhibitors both in the absence and presence of KI. The adsorption of the studied dyes on mild steel surface, with and without KI, obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and involves physical adsorption mechanism. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the most likely sites in the dye molecules for interactions with mild steel are the S, O, and N heteroatoms.
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Pyanzina ES, Kantorovich SS, De Michele C. Nematic phase characterisation of the self-assembling sphere-cylinders based on the theoretically calculated RDFs. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2015; 38:81. [PMID: 26189197 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2015-15081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We put forward a theoretical framework to calculate pair distribution functions in the nematic liquid crystals formed by sphere-cylinders that self-assemble in linear chain structures. For a nematically ordered system, one can distinguish between the spatial correlations in the plane perpendicular to the crystalline axis, and in the direction parallel to the latter. Following this separation, we show that the RDFs in the parallel case can be described using a superposition of a chain model and Onsager distribution, whereas the RDFs in the perpendicular case turn out to be that of the soft disks. Based on this concept, we show how the spatial correlations in the system are influenced by the nematic order parameter. We conclude that even if the nematic ordering is high in the system, the imperfection of the crystal is strongly reflected in the pair distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Pyanzina
- Ural Federal University, Lenin av. 51, 620000, Ekaterinburg, Russia,
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Mohammadi A, Khalili B, Tahavor M. Novel push-pull heterocyclic azo disperse dyes containing piperazine moiety: Synthesis, spectral properties, antioxidant activity and dyeing performance on polyester fibers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:799-805. [PMID: 26112103 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Six novel push-pull azo disperse dyes were synthesized via classical azo coupling reaction using 2-amino-thiazolyl derivatives as the diazo components and 1-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperazine as a key coupling intermediate. The structures of the dyes and synthesized intermediate were confirmed by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and UV-vis analyses. The solvatochromic behavior of the dyes was studied in a set of 10 solvents of different polarity and considerable results were obtained. The prepared heterocyclic azo dyes were applied for dyeing polyester fibers and their dyeing properties were studied. The fastness properties of the dyed fabrics such as wash, light and rubbing fastness degrees were measured by standard methods. Investigation of antioxidant activity of compounds was carried out by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The synthesized dyes exhibited significant antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Behzad Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marzieh Tahavor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
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Akinshina A, Walker M, Wilson MR, Tiddy GJT, Masters AJ, Carbone P. Thermodynamics of the self-assembly of non-ionic chromonic molecules using atomistic simulations. The case of TP6EO2M in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:680-691. [PMID: 25471658 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations have been performed for the non-ionic chromonic liquid crystal 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa-(1,4,7-trioxa-octyl)-triphenylene (TP6EO2M) in aqueous solution. TP6EO2M molecules consist of a central poly-aromatic core (a triphenylene ring) functionalized by six hydrophilic ethyleneoxy (EO) chains, and have a strong tendency to aggregate face-to-face into stacks even in very dilute solution. We have studied self-assembly of the molecules in the low concentration range corresponding to an isotropic solution of aggregates, using two force fields GAFF and OPLS. Our results reveal that the GAFF force field, even though it was successfully used previously for modelling of ionic chromonics, overestimates the attraction of TP6EO2M molecules in water. This results in an aggregation free energy which is too high, a reduced hydration of EO chains and, therefore, molecular self-assembly into compact disordered clusters instead of stacks. In contrast, use of the OPLS force field, leads to self-assembly into ordered stacks in agreement with earlier experimental studies of triphenylene-based chromonics. The free energy of association follows a "quasi-isodesmic" pattern, where the binding free energy of two molecules to form a dimer is of the order of 2.5 RT larger than the corresponding energy of addition of a molecule into a stack. The obtained value for the binding free energy, ΔG=-12 RT, is found to be in line with the published values for typical ionic chromonics (-7 to -12 RT), and agrees reasonably well with the experimental results for this system. The calculated interlayer distance between the molecules in a stack is 0.37 nm, which is at the top of the range found for typical chromonics (0.33-0.37 nm). We suggest that the relatively large layer spacing can be attributed to the repulsion between EO side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akinshina
- School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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