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Li N, Fratalocchi A. Innovative Strategies for Photons Management on Ultrathin Silicon Solar Cells. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300306. [PMID: 38486928 PMCID: PMC10935887 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the eighth most common element in the known universe by mass and widely applied in the industry of electronics chips and solar cells, rarely emerges as a pure element in the Earth's crust. Optimizing its manufacturing can be crucial in the global challenge of reducing the cost of renewable energy modules and implementing sustainable development goals in the future. In the industry of solar cells, this challenge is stimulating studies of ultrathin Si-based architectures, which are rapidly attracting broad attention. Ultrathin solar cells require up to two orders of magnitude less Si than conventional solar cells, and owning to a flexible nature, they are opening applications in different industries that conventional cells do not yet serve. Despite these attractive factors, a difficulty in ultrathin Si solar cells is overcoming the weak light absorption at near-infrared wavelengths. The primary goal in addressing this problem is scaling up cost-effective and innovative textures for anti-reflection and light-trapping with shallower depth junctions, which can offer similar performances to traditional thick modules. This review provides an overview of this area of research, discussing this field both as science and engineering and highlighting present progress and future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational ScienceKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational ScienceKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
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2
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Wu Y, Shao B, Song Z, Li Y, Zou Y, Chen X, Di J, Song T, Wang Y, Sun B. A Hygroscopic Janus Heterojunction for Continuous Moisture-Triggered Electricity Generators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19569-19578. [PMID: 35442031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moisture-triggered electricity generator (MEG) harvesting energy from the ubiquity of atmospheric moisture is one of the promising potential candidates for renewable power demand. However, MEG device performance is strongly dependent on the moisture concentration, which results in its large fluctuation of the electrical output. Here, a Janus heterojunction MEG device consisting of nanostructured silicon and hygroscopic polyelectrolyte incorporating hydrophilic carbon nanotube mesh is proposed to enable ambient moisture harvesting and continuous stable electrical output delivery. The nanostructured silicon with a large surface/volume ratio provides strong coupling interaction with water molecules for charge generation. A polyelectrolyte of polydiallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) can facilitate charge selective transporting and enhance the effectiveness of moisture-absorbing in an arid environment simultaneously. The conductive, porous, and hydrophilic carbon nanotube mesh allows water to be ripped through as well as the generated charges being collected timely. As such, any generated charge carriers in the Janus heterojunction can be efficiently swept toward their respective electrodes, because of the device asymmetric contact. A MEG device continuously delivers an open-circuit voltage of 1.0 V, short-circuit current density of 8.2 μA/cm2, and output power density of 2.2 μW/cm2 under an ambient environment (60% relative humidity, 25 °C), which is a record value over the previously reported values. Furthermore, the infrared thermal measurements also reveal that the moisture-triggered electricity generation power is likely ascribed to surrounding thermal energy collected by the MEG device. Our results provide an insightful rationale for the design of device structure and understanding of the working mechanism of MEG, which is of great importance to promote the efficient electricity conversion induced by moisture in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Beibei Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yatao Zou
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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3
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Dai R, Huang T, Zhou W, Yang J, Zhang H, Yu F, Chen A, Wang F, Zhang J, Sun T, Zhang L. Improved Interfacial Contact for Pyramidal Texturing of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051710. [PMID: 35268811 PMCID: PMC8911853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the surface reflectivity of silicon substrates is essential for preparing high-performance Si-based solar cells. We synthesized pyramid-nanowire-structured Si (Si-PNWs) anti-reflection substrates, which have excellent light-trapping ability (<4% reflectance). Furthermore, diethyl phthalate (DEP), a water-insoluble phthalic acid ester, was applied to optimize the Si-PNWs/PEDOT:PSS interface; the photoelectric conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells was shown to increase from 9.82% to 13.48%. We performed a detailed examination of the shape and optical characteristics of Si-PNWs, as well as associated photoelectric performance tests, to investigate the origin of performance improvements in Si-PNWs/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction solar cells (HSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Dai
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tengzuo Huang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fayin Yu
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Anran Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Feng Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tao Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.D.); (T.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.); (H.Z.); (F.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Longzhou Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.Z.); (T.S.); (L.Z.)
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Huang Z, Wang B. Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Silicon‐Based Nano‐Pyramid Arrays. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
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5
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Xu Q, Cheong IT, Meng L, Veinot JGC, Wang X. Silicon Surface Passivation for Silicon-Colloidal Quantum Dot Heterojunction Photodetectors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18429-18436. [PMID: 34757719 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitizing crystalline silicon (c-Si) with an infrared-sensitive material, such as lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), provides a straightforward strategy for enhancing the infrared-light sensitivity of a Si-based photodetector. However, it remains challenging to construct a high-efficiency photodetector based upon a Si:CQD heterojunction. Herein, we demonstrate that Si surface passivation is crucial for building a high-performance Si:CQD heterojunction photodetector. We have studied one-step methyl iodine (CH3I) and two-step chlorination/methylation processes for Si surface passivation. Transient photocurrent (TPC) and transient photovoltage (TPV) decay measurements reveal that the two-step passivated Si:CQD interface exhibits fewer trap states and decreased recombination rates. These passivated substrates were incorporated into prototype Si:CQD infrared photodiodes, and the best performance photodiode based upon the two-step passivation shows an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31% at 1280 nm, which represents a near 2-fold increase over the standard device based upon the one-step CH3I passivated Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lingju Meng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | | | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2 V4, Canada
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6
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Zhang X, Wang T, Li S, Shen X. Electrodeposition Polyaniline Nanofiber on the PEDOT:PSS-Coated SiNWs for High Performance Supercapacitors. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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A conductive polymer nanowire including functional quantum dots generated via pulsed laser irradiation for high-sensitivity sensor applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11203. [PMID: 34045531 PMCID: PMC8159946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of functional conductive polymer nanowires (CPNWs), including ultrahigh-sensitive flexible nanosensors has attracted considerable attention in field of the Internet of Things. However, the controllable and space-selective growth of CPNWs remains challenging, and a novel synthetic technique is required. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of space-selective CPNWs that include quantum dots (QDs) with changeable optical properties via single-pulse laser irradiation in air at atmospheric pressure. Time-resolved shadowgraphy was applied to monitor the synthetic process of the CPNWs and optimise the process conditions. The electrical conductivity of the CPNWs with QDs (QD-CPNWs) was analysed in the presence and absence of light irradiation and was found to change drastically (over six times) under light irradiation. QD-CPNW synthesis under laser irradiation shows great potential for fabricating highly photosensitive functional nanomaterials and is expected to be applied in the production of ultrahigh-sensitive photosensors in the future.
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8
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Wu H, Xu H, Shi Y, Yuan T, Meng T, Zhang Y, Xie W, Li X, Li Y, Fan L. Recent Advance in Carbon Dots: From Properties to Applications. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ting Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ting Meng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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9
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Shen R, Sun Z, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Zhou Y, Yan H, Liu F. Solution Processed Organic/Silicon Nanowires Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Organosilane Incorporated Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) as Hole Transport Layers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6296-6304. [PMID: 33661604 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) using crystalline Si nanowires (SiNWs) as the absorber and conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole-selective transport layer (HTL) show great potential in both low-cost and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, due to the poor wettability of the PEDOT:PSS solution on SiNWs, conformal coverage of PEDOT:PSS on SiNWs is not easy to achieve. Here, an effective method was developed to decrease the surface tension of the PEDOT:PSS and increase the wettability between PEDOT:PSS and SiNWs by incorporating organosilane into the PEDOT:PSS solution. Two kinds of organosilanes including tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO) were selected as the additives. The surface passivation quality of the SiNWs was dramatically enhanced. The HHSCs utilizing VTMO as the additive show a higher open circuit voltage and higher PCE compared with the TMOS adding ones. By spin-coating Ag nanowires onto the PEDOT:PSS HTL layer and using spin-coated phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron-selective transport layer, a champion PCE up to 18.12% and a fill factor of 80.1% have been achieved on the full solution processed PEDOT:PSS/n-type SiNWs HHSCs. The findings provide a simple and promising method to achieve high-performance PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs HHSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzong Shen
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongheng Sun
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanwu Guo
- Jetion Solar (China) Co., Ltd, Jiangyin 214443, China
| | - Yuqin Zhou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sun Z, He Y, Xiong B, Chen S, Li M, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Sun K, Yang C. Strategien zur Steigerung der Leistung von PEDOT:PSS/Si‐Hybrid‐Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Ya He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Banglun Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Perovtronics Research Center Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- School of Energy & Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- School of Energy & Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Perovtronics Research Center Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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Sun Z, He Y, Xiong B, Chen S, Li M, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Sun K, Yang C. Performance-Enhancing Approaches for PEDOT:PSS-Si Hybrid Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:5036-5055. [PMID: 31840360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emerging energy crisis has focused significant worldwide attention on solar cells. Although crystalline silicon solar cells are currently widely used, their high cost limits the development of solar power generation. Consequently, hybrid solar cells are becoming increasingly important, especially organic-Si hybrid solar cells (HSCs). Organic-Si HSCs combine a mature technology and high efficiency with the low-temperature manufacturing process and tunable optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. The organic material can be P3HT, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS. Here we review the performance of PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs and methods for improving their efficiency, such as PEDOT:PSS modification, optimization of the trapping effect, passivation of the silicon surface, addition of an interface layer, improvement of a back contact, and optimization of the metal top electrode. This Review should help fill the gap in this area and provide perspectives for the future development of the PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ya He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Banglun Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,School of Energy & Power Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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12
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Design of Silicon Nanowire Array for PEDOT:PSS-Silicon Nanowire-Based Hybrid Solar Cell. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various photovoltaic devices, the poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based hybrid solar cell is getting momentum for the next generation solar cell. Although, the power-conversion efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell has already been reported above 13% by many researchers, it is still at a primitive stage and requires comprehensive research and developments. When SiNWs interact with conjugate polymer PEDOT:PSS, the various aspects of SiNW array are required to optimize for high efficiency hybrid solar cell. Therefore, the designing of silicon nanowire (SiNW) array is a crucial aspect for an efficient PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell, where PEDOT:PSS plays a role as a conductor with an transparent optical window just-like as metal-semiconductor Schottky solar cell. This short review mainly focuses on the current research trends for the general, electrical, optical and photovoltaic design issues associated with SiNW array for PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cells. The foremost features including the morphology, surface traps, doping of SiNW, which limit the efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell, will be addressed and reviewed. Finally, the SiNW design issues for boosting up the fill-factor, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage will be highlighted and discussed.
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13
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High Capacitive PEDOT-Coated SiNWs Electrode for Micro-supercapacitors with Facile Preparation. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang X, Fan Y, Wu Z, Liu C. A Silicon Nanowire Array Biosensor Fabricated by Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Technique for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E764. [PMID: 31717950 PMCID: PMC6915592 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a highly sensitive and selective detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on silicon nanowire (SiNW) array device. With the help of traditional microfabrication technology, low-cost and highly controllable SiNW array devices were fabricated. After a series of surface modification processes, SiNW array biosensors show rapid and reliable response to CEA; the detection limit of serum CEA was 10 fg/mL, the current signal is linear with the logarithm of serum CEA concentration in the range of 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. In this work, SiNW array biosensors can obtain strong signal and high signal-to-noise ratio; these advantages can reduce the production cost of the SiNW-based system and promote the application of SiNWs in the field of tumor marker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Yun Fan
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
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15
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Raj V, Vora K, Fu L, Tan HH, Jagadish C. High-Efficiency Solar Cells from Extremely Low Minority Carrier Lifetime Substrates Using Radial Junction Nanowire Architecture. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12015-12023. [PMID: 31539225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, a significant amount of photovoltaic device cost is related to its requirement of high-quality absorber materials, especially in the case of III-V solar cells. Therefore, a technology that can transform a low-cost, low minority carrier lifetime material into an efficient solar cell can be beneficial for future applications. Here, we transform an inefficient p-type InP substrate with a minority carrier lifetime less than 100 ps into an efficient solar cell by utilizing a radial p-n junction nanowire architecture. We fabricate a p-InP/n-ZnO/AZO radial heterojunction nanowire solar cell to achieve a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 17.1%, the best reported value for radial junction nanowire solar cells. The quantum efficiency of ∼95% (between 550 and 750 nm) and the short-circuit current density of 31.3 mA/cm2 are among the best for InP solar cells. In addition, we also perform an advanced loss analysis of the proposed solar cell to assess different loss mechanisms in the solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidur Raj
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Kaushal Vora
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Hark H Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
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16
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Baraban L, Ibarlucea B, Baek E, Cuniberti G. Hybrid Silicon Nanowire Devices and Their Functional Diversity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900522. [PMID: 31406669 PMCID: PMC6685480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the pool of nanostructured materials, silicon nanostructures are known as conventionally used building blocks of commercially available electronic devices. Their application areas span from miniaturized elements of devices and circuits to ultrasensitive biosensors for diagnostics. In this Review, the current trends in the developments of silicon nanowire-based devices are summarized, and their functionalities, novel architectures, and applications are discussed from the point of view of analog electronics, arisen from the ability of (bio)chemical gating of the carrier channel. Hybrid nanowire-based devices are introduced and described as systems decorated by, e.g., organic complexes (biomolecules, polymers, and organic films), aimed to substantially extend their functionality, compared to traditional systems. Their functional diversity is explored considering their architecture as well as areas of their applications, outlining several groups of devices that benefit from the coatings. The first group is the biosensors that are able to represent label-free assays thanks to the attached biological receptors. The second group is represented by devices for optoelectronics that acquire higher optical sensitivity or efficiency due to the specific photosensitive decoration of the nanowires. Finally, the so-called new bioinspired neuromorphic devices are shown, which are aimed to mimic the functions of the biological cells, e.g., neurons and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Baraban
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Eunhye Baek
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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17
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Lee YH, Ha M, Song I, Lee JH, Won Y, Lim S, Ko H, Oh JH. High-Performance Hybrid Photovoltaics with Efficient Interfacial Contacts between Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowire Arrays and Organic Semiconductors. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9996-10002. [PMID: 31460092 PMCID: PMC6648691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid photovoltaics (HPVs) incorporating both organic and inorganic semiconducting materials have attracted much attention as next-generation photovoltaics because of their advantage of combining both materials. The hybridization of ZnO nanowires (NWs) and organic semiconductors is expected to be a suitable approach to overcome the limited exciton diffusion length and low electron mobility associated with current organic photovoltaics. The use of ZnO NWs allows researchers to tune nanoscale dimensions more precisely and to achieve rod-to-rod spacing below 10 nm. However, the perfect incorporation of organic semiconductors into densely packed ZnO NW arrays has yet to be achieved. In this study, we report the fabrication of ZnO NW arrays and various organic heterojunction-based HPVs using the feasible and effective vacuum-assisted double coating (VADC) method, achieving full coverage of the organic semiconductors on the compact ZnO NW arrays. The newly proposed VADC method ensures perfect infiltration and full coverage of the organic semiconductors on the densely packed NW arrays. Compared with the conventional single spin-coating process, the use of the VADC method led to 11 and 14% increases in the power conversion efficiency of P3HT:PCBM- and PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM-based HPVs, respectively. Our studies provide a feasible method for the fabrication of efficient HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ho Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
- Center for
Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Gyongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ha
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Song
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seongdong Lim
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- E-mail: (H.K)
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
- E-mail: (J.H.O.)
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18
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He J, Hossain MA, Lin H, Wang W, Karuturi SK, Hoex B, Ye J, Gao P, Bullock J, Wan Y. 15% Efficiency Ultrathin Silicon Solar Cells with Fluorine-Doped Titanium Oxide and Chemically Tailored Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) as Asymmetric Heterocontact. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6356-6362. [PMID: 31017761 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve a high performance-to-cost ratio to photovoltaic devices, the development of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells with thinner substrates and simpler fabrication routes is an important step. Thin-film heterojunction solar cells (HSCs) with dopant-free and carrier-selective configurations look like ideal candidates in this respect. Here, we investigated the application of n-type silicon/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HSCs on periodic nanopyramid textured, ultrathin c-Si (∼25 μm) substrates. A fluorine-doped titanium oxide film was used as an electron-selective passivating layer showing excellent interfacial passivation (surface recombination velocity ∼10 cm/s) and contact property (contact resistivity ∼20 mΩ/cm2). A high efficiency of 15.10% was finally realized by optimizing the interfacial recombination and series resistance at both the front and rear sides, showing a promising strategy to fabricate high-performance ultrathin c-Si HSCs with a simple and low-temperature procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Research School of Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2602 , Australia
- Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Md Anower Hossain
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Hao Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Research School of Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2602 , Australia
| | - Siva Krishna Karuturi
- Research School of Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2602 , Australia
| | - Bram Hoex
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Pingqi Gao
- School of Materials , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - James Bullock
- Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Yimao Wan
- Research School of Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2602 , Australia
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19
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Bettini S, Sawalha S, Carbone L, Giancane G, Prato M, Valli L. Carbon nanodot-based heterostructures for improving the charge separation and the photocurrent generation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7414-7423. [PMID: 30938748 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00951e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to employ carbon nanodots (CNDs) in solar devices was exploited by combining them with a fulleropyrrolidine derivative (FP2). The interaction between the two species was promoted by the presence of opposite electrostatic charges on CNDs (negatively charged) and FP2 (positively charged). The supramolecular dyad CNDs/FP2 generation was induced at the air/water interface of a Langmuir trough: water soluble CNDs were dissolved in the subphase and FP2 chloroform solution was spread on the subphase; the electrostatic interaction promoted the formation of the supramolecular adduct FP2/CNDs, which was then transferred onto solid substrates. Photo-induced charge transfer was promoted in the FP2/CNDs dyad and we demonstrated that the presence of CNDs increased the short-circuit current density, under light illumination, of a porphyrin-FP2/CNDs thin film by about 300% when compared with a more traditional porphyrin-FP2 solar device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Innovation Engineering, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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20
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Bhandari S, Mondal D, Nataraj SK, Balakrishna RG. Biomolecule-derived quantum dots for sustainable optoelectronics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:913-936. [PMID: 36133200 PMCID: PMC9473190 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The diverse chemical functionalities and wide availability of biomolecules make them essential and cost-effective resources for the fabrication of zero-dimensional quantum dots (QDs, also known as bio-dots) with extraordinary properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission, photo and chemical stability, excellent aqueous solubility, scalability, and biocompatibility. The additional advantages of scalability, tunable optical features and presence of heteroatoms make them suitable alternatives to conventional metal-based semiconductor QDs in the field of bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, solar cells, photocatalysis, and light-emitting devices. Furthermore, a recent focus of the scientific community has been on QD-based sustainable optoelectronics due to the primary concern of partially mitigating the current energy demand without affecting the environment. Hence, it is noteworthy to focus on the sustainable optoelectronic applications of biomolecule-derived QDs, which have tunable optical features, biocompatibility and the scope of scalability. This review addresses the recent advances in the synthesis, properties, and optoelectronic applications of biomolecule-derived QDs (especially, carbon- and graphene-based QDs (C-QDs and G-QDs, respectively)) and discloses their merits and disadvantages, challenges and future prospects in the field of sustainable optoelectronics. In brief, the current review focuses on two major issues: (i) the advantages of two families of carbon nanomaterials (i.e. C-QDs and G-QDs) derived from biomolecules of various categories, for instance (a) plant extracts including fruits, flowers, leaves, seeds, peels, and vegetables; (b) simple sugars and polysaccharides; (c) different amino acids and proteins; (d) nucleic acids, bacteria and fungi; and (e) biomasses and their waste and (ii) their applications as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), display systems, solar cells, photocatalysts and photo detectors. This review will not only bring a new paradigm towards the construction of advanced, sustainable and environment-friendly optoelectronic devices using natural resources and waste, but also provides critical insights to inspire researchers ranging from material chemists and chemical engineers to biotechnologists to search for exciting developments of this field and consequently make an advance step towards future bio-optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyapriya Bhandari
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Dibyendu Mondal
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 India
| | - S K Nataraj
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 India
| | - R Geetha Balakrishna
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 India
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21
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Abstract
Solar energy is abundant, clean, and renewable, making it an ideal energy source. Solar cells are a good option to harvest this energy. However, it is difficult to balance the cost and efficiency of traditional thin-film solar cells, whereas nanowires (NW) are far superior in making high-efficiency low-cost solar cells. Therefore, the NW solar cell has attracted great attention in recent years and is developing rapidly. Here, we review the great advantages, recent breakthroughs, novel designs, and remaining challenges of NW solar cells. Special attention is given to (but not limited to) the popular semiconductor NWs for solar cells, in particular, Si, GaAs(P), and InP.
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22
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Wang Z, Huang X, Jin S, Wang H, Yuan L, Brash JL. Rapid antibacterial effect of sunlight-exposed silicon nanowire arrays modified with Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6202-6209. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles modified silicon nanowire arrays can kill bacterial cells in several minutes under sunlight due to their photothermal and photocatalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Sheng Jin
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Lin Yuan
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - John L. Brash
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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23
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Duan X, Zhang X, Zhang Y. High Performance Organic-Nanostructured Silicon Hybrid Solar Cell with Modified Surface Structure. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:283. [PMID: 30209632 PMCID: PMC6135730 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with excellent light trapping properties have been widely applied in photovoltaic devices, which provide opportunities for boosting the photons harvested by Si. However, the photoexcited carriers are easily trapped and recombined by high-density surface defects due to higher surface area prolonging to depth of nanowire. In this work, in order to reduce the surface defects and recombination rate of SiNWs, a simple solution process is used to modify the surface structure. Applying the tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) treatment leads to smooth and taper Si NW surface, which improves the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) obviously. Thus, a champion PCE of 14.08% is achieved for the nanostructured Si/PEDOT:PSS hybrid device by 60-s TMAH treatment. It also indicates that TMAH treatment promises a simple and effective method for enhancing Si NW-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Department of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 People’s Republic of China
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24
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Kaur M, Kaur M, Sharma VK. Nitrogen-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots: A review onsynthesis and applications in energy, sensors and environment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 259:44-64. [PMID: 30032930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Doping of nitrogen is a promising strategy to modulate chemical, electronic, and structural functionalities of graphene (G)and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for their outstanding properties in energy and environmental applications.This paper reviews various synthesis approaches of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs).;Thermal, ultrasonic, solvothermal, hydrothermal, and electron-beam methods have been applied to synthesize N-G and N-GQDs.These nitrogen-doped carbon materials are characterized to obtain their structural configurations in order to achieve better performance in their applications compared to only either graphene or graphene quantum dots.Both N-G and N-GQDs may be converted into functional materials by integrating with other compounds such as metal oxides/nitrides, polymers, and semiconductors.These functional materials demonstrate superior performance over N-G and N-GQDs materials.Examples of applications of N-G and N-GQDs include supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalyst.
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25
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Bhujel R, Swain BP. Fabrication and characterization of silicon nanowires hybrid Solar cells: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/377/1/012193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Yang C, Sun Y, Li X, Li C, Tong J, Li J, Zhang P, Xia Y. In Situ Growth of Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals in Poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-Phenyl C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Films for Inverted Hybrid Solar Cells with Enhanced Photocurrent. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:184. [PMID: 29926214 PMCID: PMC6010366 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells can be improved by incorporation of nano-heterostructures of metals, semiconductors, and dielectric materials in the active layer. In this manuscript, CdS or Sb2S3 nanocrystals were in situ generated inside the poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid (P3HT:PC61BM) system by randomly mixing P3HT and PC61BM in the presence of cadmium or antimony xanthate precursor. Hybrid solar cells (HSCs) with the configurations of tin-doped indium oxide substrate (ITO)/CdS interface layer/P3HT:PC61BM: x wt.% CdS/MoO3/Ag and ITO/CdS interface layer /P3HT:PC61BM: x wt.% Sb2S3/MoO3/Ag were fabricated. Hybrid active layers (P3HT:PC61BM: x wt.% CdS or P3HT:PC61BM: x wt.% Sb2S3) were formed completely by thermally annealing the film resulting in the decomposition of the cadmium or antimony xanthate precursor to CdS or Sb2S3 nanocrystals, respectively. The effects of x wt.% CdS (or Sb2S3) nanocrystals on the performance of the HSCs were studied. From UV-Vis absorption, hole mobilities, and surface morphological characterizations, it has been proved that incorporation of 3 wt.% CdS (or Sb2S3) nanocrystals in the active layer of P3HT:PC61BM-based solar cells improved the optical absorption, the hole mobility, and surface roughness in comparison with P3HT:PC61BM-based solar cells, thus resulting in the improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xinjie Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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27
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Banerjee D, Benavides JA, Guo X, Cloutier SG. Tailored Interfaces of the Bulk Silicon Nanowire/TiO 2 Heterojunction Promoting Enhanced Photovoltaic Performances. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5064-5070. [PMID: 31458720 PMCID: PMC6642036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report significantly improved silicon nanowire/TiO2 n+-n heterojunction solar cells prepared by sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 thin film atop vertically aligned silicon nanowire arrays obtained by facile metal-assisted wet electroless chemical etching of a bulk highly doped n-type silicon wafer. As we show here, chemical treatment of the nanowire arrays prior to depositing the sol-gel precursor has dramatic consequences on the device performance. While hydrofluoric treatment to remove the native oxide already improves significantly the device performances, hydrobromic (HBr) treatment consistently yields by far the best device performances with power conversion efficiencies ranging between 4.2 and 6.2% with fill factors up to 60% under AM 1.5G illumination. In addition to yield high-quality and easy to produce solar cell devices, these findings regarding the surface treatment of silicon nanowires with HBr suggest that HBr could contribute to the enhancement of the device performance not only for solar cells but also for other optoelectronics devices based on semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Banerjee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Jaime A. Benavides
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Xiaohang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Sylvain G. Cloutier
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
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Xia Z, Gao P, Sun T, Wu H, Tan Y, Song T, Lee ST, Sun B. Buried MoO x/Ag Electrode Enables High-Efficiency Organic/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with a High Fill Factor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13767-13773. [PMID: 29608047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si)/organic heterojunction solar cells based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and n-type Si have attracted wide interests because they promise cost-effectiveness and high-efficiency. However, the limited conductivity of PEDOT:PSS leads to an inefficient hole transport efficiency for the heterojunction device. Therefore, a high dense top-contact metal grid electrode is required to assure the efficient charge collection efficiency. Unfortunately, the large metal grid coverage ratio electrode would lead to undesirable optical loss. Here, we develop a strategy to balance PEDOT:PSS conductivity and grid optical transmittance via a buried molybdenum oxide/silver grid electrode. In addition, the grid electrode coverage ratio is optimized to reduce its light shading effect. The buried electrode dramatically reduces the device series resistance, which leads to a higher fill factor (FF). With the optimized buried electrode, a record FF of 80% is achieved for flat Si/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction devices. With further enhancement adhesion between the PEDOT:PSS film and Si substrate by a chemical cross-linkable silance, a power conversion efficiency of 16.3% for organic/textured Si heterojunction devices is achieved. Our results provide a path to overcome the inferior organic semiconductor property to enhance the organic/Si heterojunction solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhui Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Peng Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Teng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yeshu Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Tao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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29
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Wang X, Liu Z, Yang Z, He J, Yang X, Yu T, Gao P, Ye J. Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells by Formation of Conformal Contacts between PEDOT:PSS and Periodic Silicon Nanopyramid Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704493. [PMID: 29488322 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface nanotexturing with excellent light-trapping property is expected to significantly increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells. However, limited by the serious surface recombination arising from the greatly enlarged surface area, the silicon (Si) nanotexturing-based solar cells cannot yet achieve satisfactory high efficiency, which is more prominent in organic/Si hybrid solar cells (HSCs) where a uniform polymer layer can rarely be conformably coated on nanotextured substrate. Here, the HSCs featuring advanced surface texture of periodic upright nanopyramid (UNP) arrays and hole-conductive conjugated polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), are investigated. The tetramethylammonium hydroxide etching is used to smooth the surface morphologies of the Si-UNPs, leading to reduced surface defect states. The uniform Si-UNPs together with silane chemical-incorporated PEDOT:PSS solution enable the simultaneous realization of excellent broadband light absorption as well as enhanced electrical contact between the textured Si and the conducting polymer. The resulting PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs textured with UNP arrays show a promising power conversion efficiency of 13.8%, significantly higher than 12.1% of the cells based on the-state-of-the-art surface texture with random pyramids. These results provide a viable route toward shape-controlled nanotexturing-based high-performance organic/Si HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wang
- Department of physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhaolang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jian He
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tianbao Yu
- Department of physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Pingqi Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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30
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Gao P, Yang Z, He J, Yu J, Liu P, Zhu J, Ge Z, Ye J. Dopant-Free and Carrier-Selective Heterocontacts for Silicon Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700547. [PMID: 29593956 PMCID: PMC5867084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By combining the most successful heterojunctions (HJ) with interdigitated back contacts, crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells (SCs) have recently demonstrated a record efficiency of 26.6%. However, such SCs still introduce optical/electrical losses and technological issues due to parasitic absorption/Auger recombination inherent to the doped films and the complex process of integrating discrete p+- and n+-HJ contacts. These issues have motivated the search for alternative new functional materials and simplified deposition technologies, whereby carrier-selective contacts (CSCs) can be formed directly with c-Si substrates, and thereafter form IBC cells, via a dopant-free method. Screening and modifying CSC materials in a wider context is beneficial for building dopant-free HJ contacts with better performance, shedding new light on the relatively mature Si photovoltaic field. In this review, a significant number of achievements in two representative dopant-free hole-selective CSCs, i.e., poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/Si and transition metal oxides/Si, have been systemically presented and surveyed. The focus herein is on the latest advances in hole-selective materials modification, interfacial passivation, contact resistivity, light-trapping structure and device architecture design, etc. By analyzing the structure-property relationships of hole-selective materials and assessing their electrical transport properties, promising functional materials as well as important design concepts for such CSCs toward high-performance SCs have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingqi Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Jian He
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jing Yu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Juye Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
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31
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Liu Z, Yang Z, Wu S, Zhu J, Guo W, Sheng J, Ye J, Cui Y. Photoinduced Field-Effect Passivation from Negative Carrier Accumulation for High-Efficiency Silicon/Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12687-12695. [PMID: 29215861 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carrier recombination and light management of the dopant-free silicon/organic heterojunction solar cells (HSCs) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are the critical factors in developing high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. However, the traditional passivation technologies can hardly provide efficient surface passivation on the front surface of Si. In this study, a photoinduced electric field was induced in a bilayer antireflective coating (ARC) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and titanium oxide (TiO2) films, due to formation of an accumulation layer of negative carriers (O2- species) under UV (sunlight) illumination. This photoinduced field not only suppressed the silicon surface recombination but also enhanced the built-in potential of HSCs with 84 mV increment. In addition, this photoactive ARC also displayed the outstanding light-trapping capability. The front PEDOT:PSS/Si HSC with the saturated O2- received a champion PCE of 15.51% under AM 1.5 simulated sunlight illumination. It was clearly demonstrated that the photoinduced electric field was a simple, efficient, and low-cost method for the surface passivation and contributed to achieve a high efficiency when applied in the Si/PEDOT:PSS HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Sudong Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Juye Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Sheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Hybrid black silicon solar cells textured with the interplay of copper-induced galvanic displacement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17177. [PMID: 29215058 PMCID: PMC5719426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) has been widely employed for the fabrication of regular silicon (Si) nanowire arrays. These features were originated from the directional etching of Si preferentially along <100> orientations through the catalytic assistance of metals, which could be gold, silver, platinum or palladium. In this study, the dramatic modulation of etching profiles toward pyramidal architectures was undertaken by utilizing copper as catalysts through a facile one-step etching process, which paved the exceptional way on the texturization of Si for advanced photovoltaic applications. Detailed examinations of morphological evolutions, etching kinetics and formation mechanism were performed, validating the distinct etching model on Si contributed from cycling reactions of copper deposition and dissolution under a quasi-stable balance. In addition, impacts of surface texturization on the photovoltaic performance of organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells were revealed through the spatial characterizations of voltage fluctuations upon light mapping analysis. It was found that the pyramidal textures made by copper-induced cycling reactions exhibited the sound antireflection characteristics, and further achieved the leading conversion efficiency of 10.7%, approximately 1.8 times and beyond 1.2 times greater than that of untexturized and nanowire-based solar cells, respectively.
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33
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Opto-electric investigation for Si/organic heterojunction single-nanowire solar cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14575. [PMID: 29109447 PMCID: PMC5674000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, silicon single nanowire solar cells (SNSCs) serving as the sustainable self-power sources have been integrated into optoelectronic nanodevices under the driver of technology and economy. However, conventional SNSC cannot provide the minimum energy consumption for the operation of nanodevices due to its low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we propose an innovative approach to combine the n-type silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with p-type poly(3,4-ethylthiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to form the p+n heterojunction, which shows superior opto-electric performances. Besides, PEDOT:PSS also acts as a natural anti-reflection coating (ARC) with an excellent light-trapping capability, especially in the short-wavelength range. Importantly, the photovoltaic performances of Si/PEDOT:PSS SNSC can be well maintained even in large surface recombination velocity, due to the efficient field-effect passivation of PEDOT:PSS. The minority carrier concentration at outer surface of shallow p+n heterojunction is greatly reduced by the electric field, drastically suppressing the surface recombination compared to the conventional p-i-n homojunction SNSC. Furthermore, larger junction area of p+n heterojunction facilitates the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. These results demonstrate that the Si/PEDOT:PSS SNSC is a promising alternative for micro power application.
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Zhang B, Jie J, Zhang X, Ou X, Zhang X. Large-Scale Fabrication of Silicon Nanowires for Solar Energy Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34527-34543. [PMID: 28921947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of silicon (Si) materials during past decades has boosted up the prosperity of the modern semiconductor industry. In comparison with the bulk-Si materials, Si nanowires (SiNWs) possess superior structural, optical, and electrical properties and have attracted increasing attention in solar energy applications. To achieve the practical applications of SiNWs, both large-scale synthesis of SiNWs at low cost and rational design of energy conversion devices with high efficiency are the prerequisite. This review focuses on the recent progresses in large-scale production of SiNWs, as well as the construction of high-efficiency SiNW-based solar energy conversion devices, including photovoltaic devices and photo-electrochemical cells. Finally, the outlook and challenges in this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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Li Q, Yang J, Chen S, Zou J, Xie W, Zeng X. Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Transparent Hole Transporting Layer with Solvent Treatment for High Performance Silicon/Organic Hybrid Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:506. [PMID: 28836136 PMCID: PMC6890909 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient Si/organic hybrid solar cells were fabricated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and surfactant-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene (PEDOT:PSS). A post-treatment on PEDOT:PSS films with polar solvent was performed to increase the device performance. We found that the performance of hybrid solar cells increase with the polarity of solvent. A high conductivity of 1105 S cm- 1 of PEDOT:PSS was achieved by adopting methanol treatment, and the best efficiency of corresponding hybrid solar cells reaches 12.22%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and RAMAN spectroscopy were utilized to conform to component changes of PEDOT:PSS films after solvent treatment. It was found that the removal of the insulator PSS from the film and the conformational changes are the determinants for the device performance enhancement. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate the recombination resistance and capacitance of methanol-treated and untreated hybrid solar cells, indicating that methanol-treated devices had a larger recombination resistance and capacitance. Our findings bring a simple and efficient way for improving the performance of hybrid solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingduan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhao Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguang Xie
- Department of Physics and Department of Electronic Engineering, Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xierong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
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Han Y, Liu Y, Yuan J, Dong H, Li Y, Ma W, Lee ST, Sun B. Naphthalene Diimide-Based n-Type Polymers: Efficient Rear Interlayers for High-Performance Silicon-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7215-7222. [PMID: 28679036 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-organic heterojunction solar cells suffer from a noticeable weakness of inefficient rear contact. To improve this rear contact quality, here, two solution-processed organic n-type donor-acceptor naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based conjugated polymers of N2200 and fluorinated analogue F-N2200 are explored to reduce the contact resistance as well as to passivate the Si surface. Both N2200 and F-N2200 exhibit high electron mobility due to their planar structure and strong intermolecular stacking, thus allowing them to act as excellent transporting layers. Preferential orientation of the polymers leads to reduce contact resistance between Si and cathode aluminum, which can enhance electron extraction. More importantly, the substitution of fluorine atoms for hydrogen atoms within the conjugated polymer can strengthen the intermolecular stacking and improve the polymer-Si electronic contact due to the existence of F···H interactions. The power conversion efficiencies of Si-PEDOT:PSS solar cells increased from 12.6 to 14.5% as a consequence of incorporating the F-N2200 polymer interlayers. Subsequently, in-depth density functional theory simulations confirm that the polymer orientation plays a critical role on the polymer-Si contact quality. The success of NDI-based polymers indicates that planar conjugated polymer with a preferred orientation could be useful in developing high-performance solution-processed Si-organic heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huilong Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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37
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Liu R, Wang J, Sun T, Wang M, Wu C, Zou H, Song T, Zhang X, Lee ST, Wang ZL, Sun B. Silicon Nanowire/Polymer Hybrid Solar Cell-Supercapacitor: A Self-Charging Power Unit with a Total Efficiency of 10.5. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4240-4247. [PMID: 28586231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An integrated self-charging power unit, combining a hybrid silicon nanowire/polymer heterojunction solar cell with a polypyrrole-based supercapacitor, has been demonstrated to simultaneously harvest solar energy and store it. By efficiency enhancement of the hybrid nanowire solar cells and a dual-functional titanium film serving as conjunct electrode of the solar cell and supercapacitor, the integrated system is able to yield a total photoelectric conversion to storage efficiency of 10.5%, which is the record value in all the integrated solar energy conversion and storage system. This system may not only serve as a buffer that diminishes the solar power fluctuations from light intensity, but also pave its way toward cost-effective high efficiency self-charging power unit. Finally, an integrated device based on ultrathin Si substrate is demonstrated to expand its feasibility and potential application in flexible energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Teng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Changsheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Haiyang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Song T, Shen X, Yu X, Lee ST, Sun B, Jia B. High-Performance Ultrathin Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Silicon Solar Cells via Solution-Processed Interface Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21723-21729. [PMID: 28603961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells based on n-type crystalline silicon and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) exhibited promising efficiency along with a low-cost fabrication process. In this work, ultrathin flexible silicon substrates, with a thickness as low as tens of micrometers, were employed to fabricate hybrid solar cells to reduce the use of silicon materials. To improve the light-trapping ability, nanostructures were built on the thin silicon substrates by a metal-assisted chemical etching method (MACE). However, nanostructured silicon resulted in a large amount of surface-defect states, causing detrimental charge recombination. Here, the surface was smoothed by solution-processed chemical treatment to reduce the surface/volume ratio of nanostructured silicon. Surface-charge recombination was dramatically suppressed after surface modification with a chemical, associated with improved minority charge-carrier lifetime. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 9.1% was achieved in the flexible hybrid silicon solar cells, with a substrate thickness as low as ∼14 μm, indicating that interface engineering was essential to improve the hybrid junction quality and photovoltaic characteristics of the hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Boroondara, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Boroondara, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinlei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuegong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Boroondara, Victoria 3122, Australia
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39
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Um HD, Choi D, Choi A, Seo JH, Seo K. Embedded Metal Electrode for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanowire Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6218-6224. [PMID: 28531350 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here an embedded metal electrode for highly efficient organic-inorganic hybrid nanowire solar cells. The electrode proposed here is an effective alternative to the conventional bus and finger electrode which leads to a localized short circuit at a direct Si/metal contact and has a poor collection efficiency due to a nonoptimized electrode design. In our design, a Ag/SiO2 electrode is embedded into a Si substrate while being positioned between Si nanowire arrays underneath poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), facilitating suppressed recombination at the Si/Ag interface and notable improvements in the fabrication reproducibility. With an optimized microgrid electrode, our 1 cm2 hybrid solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of up to 16.1% with an open-circuit voltage of 607 mV and a short circuit current density of 34.0 mA/cm2. This power conversion efficiency is more than twice as high as that of solar cells using a conventional electrode (8.0%). The microgrid electrode significantly minimizes the optical and electrical losses. This reproducibly yields a superior quantum efficiency of 99% at the main solar spectrum wavelength of 600 nm. In particular, our solar cells exhibit a significant increase in the fill factor of 78.3% compared to that of a conventional electrode (61.4%); this is because of the drastic reduction in the metal/contact resistance of the 1 μm-thick Ag electrode. Hence, the use of our embedded microgrid electrode in the construction of an ideal carrier collection path presents an opportunity in the development of highly efficient organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Don Um
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Deokjae Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Ahreum Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Kwanyong Seo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Korea
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40
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Wang Y, Xia Z, Liu L, Xu W, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Sirringhaus H, Lifshitz Y, Lee ST, Bao Q, Sun B. The Light-Induced Field-Effect Solar Cell Concept - Perovskite Nanoparticle Coating Introduces Polarization Enhancing Silicon Cell Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606370. [PMID: 28256770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solar cell generates electrical energy from light one via pulling excited carrier away under built-in asymmetry. Doped semiconductor with antireflection layer is general strategy to achieve this including crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell. However, loss of extra energy beyond band gap and light reflection in particular wavelength range is known to hinder the efficiency of c-Si cell. Here, it is found that part of short wavelength sunlight can be converted into polarization electrical field, which strengthens asymmetry in organic-c-Si heterojunction solar cell through molecule alignment process. The light harvested by organometal trihalide perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) induces molecular alignment on a conducting polymer, which generates positive electrical surface field. Furthermore, a "field-effect solar cell" is successfully developed and implemented by combining perovskite NPs with organic/c-Si heterojunction associating with light-induced molecule alignment, which achieves an efficiency of 14.3%. In comparison, the device with the analogous structure without perovskite NPs only exhibits an efficiency of 12.7%. This finding provides a novel concept to design solar cell by sacrificing part of sunlight to provide "extra" asymmetrical field continuously as to drive photogenerated carrier toward respective contacts under direct sunlight. Moreover, it also points out a method to combine promising perovskite material with c-Si solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhouhui Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lijia Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhongcheng Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yeshayahu Lifshitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shui-Tong Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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41
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He J, Gao P, Yang Z, Yu J, Yu W, Zhang Y, Sheng J, Ye J, Amine JC, Cui Y. Silicon/Organic Hybrid Solar Cells with 16.2% Efficiency and Improved Stability by Formation of Conformal Heterojunction Coating and Moisture-Resistant Capping Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606321. [PMID: 28151568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) heterojunction solar cells with 16.2% efficiency and excellent stability are fabricated on pyramid-textured silicon substrates by applying a water-insoluble ester as capping layer. This shows that a conformal coating of PEDOT:PSS on textured silicon can greatly improve the junction quality with the main stability failure routes related to the moisture-induced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) aggregations and the tunneling silicon oxide autothickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Pingqi Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information Material, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information Material, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jiang Sheng
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Joseph Chen Amine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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42
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Ghosh R, Giri PK. Silicon nanowire heterostructures for advanced energy and environmental applications: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:012001. [PMID: 27893437 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/28/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs), in particular Si NWs, have attracted much attention in the last decade for their unique electronic properties and potential applications in several emerging areas. With the introduction of heterostructures (HSs) on NWs, new functionalities are obtained and the device performance is improved significantly in many cases. Due to the easy fabrication techniques, excellent optoelectronic properties and compatibility of forming HSs with different inorganic/organic materials, Si NW HSs have been utilized in various configurations and device architectures. Herein, we review the recent developments in Si NW HS-based devices including the fabrication techniques, properties (e.g., light emitting, antireflective, photocatalytic, electrical, photovoltaic, sensing etc) and related emerging applications in energy generation, conversion, storage, and environmental cleaning and monitoring. In particular, recent advances in Si NW HS-based solar photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, thermoelectrics, Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in water treatment, chemical and gas sensors, biomolecular sensors for microbial monitoring etc have been addressed in detail. The problems and challenges in utilizing Si NW HSs in device applications and the key parameters to improve the device performance are pointed out. The recent trends in the commercial applications of Si NW HS-based devices and future outlook of the field are presented at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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43
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Liu B, Wang J, Pei C, Ning L, Cheng L, Zhang C, Yang H, Liu S(F. The photovoltaic effect in a [001] orientated ZnO thin film and its physical mechanism. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26984b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed an [001] orientated ZnO thin film photovoltaic device without p–n junction. On the basis of the presence of the internal electric field in ZnO thin film, we proposed a new physical mechanism of photon-to-electron conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Jinlei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Cuijin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Lichao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Congjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Heqing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- National Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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44
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Gao J, Zhu M, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. Advances, challenges and promises of carbon dots. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-dots with unique physical and chemical properties have versatile applications in environmental and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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45
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Shen X, Ma B, Chen L, Zhao J. High efficiency conjugated polymer/Si hybrid solar cells with tetramethylammonium hydroxide treatment. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer/Si hybrid solar cells are fabricated based on a Si nanowire array (SiNW) substrate prepared by metal-assisted electroless etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shen
- Institute of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Baogen Ma
- Institute of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Physics
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
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46
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Shen X, Chen L, Pan J, Hu Y, Li S, Zhao J. Improved Work Function of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) and its Effect on Hybrid Silicon/Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:532. [PMID: 27905094 PMCID: PMC5131012 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid silicon/organic solar cells have been recently extensively investigated due to their simple structure and low-cost fabrication process. However, the efficiency of the solar cells is greatly limited by the barrier height as well as the carrier recombination at the silicon/organic interface. In this work, hydrochloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) is employed into the poly(3,4-ethlenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) solution, and the work function (WF) of the PEDOT:PSS layer has been successfully improved. Based on the Pt-modified PEDOT:PSS layer, the efficiency of the silicon/PEDOT:PSS cell can be increased to 11.46%, corresponding to ~20% enhancement to the one without platinum (Pt) modification. Theoretical and experimental results show that, when increasing the WF of the PEDO:PSS layer, the barrier height between the silicon/PEDOT:PSS interface can be effectively enhanced. Meanwhile, the carrier recombination at the interface is significantly reduced. These results can contribute to better understanding of the interfacial mechanism of silicon/PEDOT:PSS interface, and further improving the device performance of silicon/organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shen
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Pan
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Songjun Li
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
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47
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Shen X, Xia Z, Chen L, Li S, Zhao J. Optical and electrical enhancement for high performance hybrid Si/organic heterojunction solar cells using gold nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Sun B, Shao M, Lee S. Nanostructured Silicon Used for Flexible and Mobile Electricity Generation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10539-10547. [PMID: 27414045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanostructured silicon for the generation of electricity in flexible and mobile devices is reviewed. This field has attracted widespread interest in recent years due to the emergence of plastic electronics. Such developments are likely to alter the nature of power sources in the near future. For example, flexible photovoltaic cells can supply electricity to rugged and collapsible electronics, biomedical devices, and conformable solar panels that are integrated with the curved surfaces of vehicles or buildings. Here, the unique optical and electrical properties of nanostructured silicon are examined, with regard to how they can be exploited in flexible photovoltaics, thermoelectric generators, and piezoelectric devices, which serve as power generators. Particular emphasis is placed on organic-silicon heterojunction photovoltaic devices, silicon-nanowire-based thermoelectric generators, and core-shell silicon/silicon oxide nanowire-based piezoelectric devices, because they are flexible, lightweight, and portable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingwang Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuitong Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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49
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Li H, Kim NT, Su TA, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C, Darancet P, Leighton JL, Venkataraman L. Mechanism for Si–Si Bond Rupture in Single Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16159-16164. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nathaniel T. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy A. Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - James L. Leighton
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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50
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Pan Y, Tao Y, Qin G, Fedoryshyn Y, Raja SN, Hu M, Degen CL, Poulikakos D. Surface Chemical Tuning of Phonon and Electron Transport in Free-Standing Silicon Nanowire Arrays. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6364-6370. [PMID: 27580070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report electronic and phononic transport measurements of monocrystalline batch-fabricated silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays functionalized with different surface chemistries. We find that hydrogen-terminated SiNWs prepared by vapor HF etching of native-oxide-covered devices show increased electrical conductivity but decreased thermal conductivity. We used the kinetic Monte Carlo method to solve the Boltzmann transport equation and also numerically examine the effect of phonon boundary scattering. Surface transfer doping of the SiNWs by cobaltocene or decamethylcobaltocene drastically improves the electrical conductivity by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude without affecting the thermal conductivity. The results showcase surface chemical control of nanomaterials as a potent pathway that can complement device miniaturization efforts in the quest for more efficient thermoelectric materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich , Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ye Tao
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich , Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guangzhao Qin
- Institute of Mineral Engineering, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Mauerstrasse 5, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuriy Fedoryshyn
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shyamprasad N Raja
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich , Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Mineral Engineering, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Mauerstrasse 5, 52064 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University , Mauerstrasse 5, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian L Degen
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich , Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich , Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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