1
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Liu J, Rong J, Wood DP, Wang Y, Liang SH, Lin S. Co-Catalyzed Hydrofluorination of Alkenes: Photocatalytic Method Development and Electroanalytical Mechanistic Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4380-4392. [PMID: 38300825 PMCID: PMC11219133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The hydrofluorination of alkenes represents an attractive strategy for the synthesis of aliphatic fluorides. This approach provides a direct means to form C(sp3)-F bonds selectively from readily available alkenes. Nonetheless, conducting hydrofluorination using nucleophilic fluorine sources poses significant challenges due to the low acidity and high toxicity associated with HF and the poor nucleophilicity of fluoride. In this study, we present a new Co(salen)-catalyzed hydrofluorination of simple alkenes utilizing Et3N·3HF as the sole source of both hydrogen and fluorine. This process operates via a photoredox-mediated polar-radical-polar crossover mechanism. We also demonstrated the versatility of this method by effectively converting a diverse array of simple and activated alkenes with varying degrees of substitution into hydrofluorinated products. Furthermore, we successfully applied this methodology to 18F-hydrofluorination reactions, enabling the introduction of 18F into potential radiopharmaceuticals. Our mechanistic investigations, conducted using rotating disk electrode voltammetry and DFT calculations, unveiled the involvement of both carbocation and CoIV-alkyl species as viable intermediates during the fluorination step, and the contribution of each pathway depends on the structure of the starting alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Devin P. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Usman FO, Gogoi AR, Mixdorf JC, Gutierrez O, Nguyen HM. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Allylic Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314843. [PMID: 37856668 PMCID: PMC11069351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Although there are many methods for the asymmetric synthesis of monosubstituted allylic fluorides, construction of enantioenriched 1,2-disubstituted allylic fluorides has not been reported. To address this gap, we report an enantioselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted allylic fluorides using chiral diene-ligated rhodium catalyst, Et3 N ⋅ 3HF as a source of fluoride, and Morita Baylis Hillman (MBH) trichloroacetimidates. Kinetic studies show that one enantiomer of racemic MBH substrate reacts faster than the other. Computational studies reveal that both syn and anti π-allyl complexes are formed upon ionization of allylic substrate, and the syn complexes are slightly energetically favorable. This is in contrast to our previous observation for formation of monosubstituted π-allyl intermediates, in which the syn π-allyl conformation is strongly preferred. In addition, the presence of an electron-withdrawing group at C2 position of racemic MBH substrate renders 1,2-disubstituted π-allyl intermediate formation endergonic and reversible. To compare, formation of monosubstituted π-allyl intermediates was exergonic and irreversible. DFT calculations and kinetic studies support a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation process wherein the rate of isomerization of the 1,2-disubstituted π-allylrhodium complexes is faster than that of fluoride addition onto the more reactive intermediate. The 1,2-disubstituted allylic fluorides were obtained in good yields, enantioselectivity, and branched selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad O Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Achyut R Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jason C Mixdorf
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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3
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Luo Y, Ma Y, Li G, Huo X, Zhang W. Desymmetrization of Geminal Difluoromethylenes using a Palladium/Copper/Lithium Ternary System for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313838. [PMID: 37815160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated amino acids and related peptides/proteins have been found widespread applications in pharmaceutical and agricultural compounds. However, strategies for introducing a C-F bond into amino acids in an enantioselective manner are still limited and no such asymmetric catalysis strategy has been reported. Herein, we have successfully developed a Pd/Cu/Li ternary system for stereodivergent synthesis of chiral fluorinated amino acids. This method involves a sequential desymmetrization of geminal difluoromethylenes and allylic substitution with amino acid Schiff bases via Pd/Li and Pd/Cu dual activation, respectively. A series of non-natural amino acids bearing a chiral allylic/benzylic fluorine motif are easily synthesized in high yields with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr and >99 % ee). A density functional theory (DFT) study revealed the F-Cu interaction of the allylic substrate and the Cu catalyst significantly influence the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuqi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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4
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Rivas M, Debnath S, Giri S, Noffel YM, Sun X, Gevorgyan V. One-Pot Formal Carboradiofluorination of Alkenes: A Toolkit for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probe Development. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19265-19273. [PMID: 37625118 PMCID: PMC10760797 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first one-pot formal alkene carboradiofluorination reaction employing easily accessible alkenes as both prosthetic group precursors and coupling partners. The methodology features rapid sequential Markovnikov-selective iodofluorination and photoinduced Pd(0/I/II)-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction as a mild and robust fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemical approach for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe development. A new class of prosthetic groups for PET imaging probe synthesis was isolated as iodofluorinated intermediates in moderate to excellent yields. The one-pot formal alkenylfluorination reaction was carried out to produce over 30 analogues of a wide range of bioactive molecules. Further application of the Pd(0/I/II) manifold in PET probe development was illustrated by the direct carbo(radio)fluorination of electron-rich alkenes. The methods were successfully translated to radiolabel a broad scope of medicinally relevant small molecules in generally good radiochemical conversion. The protocol was further optimized to accommodate no-carrier-added conditions with similar efficiency for future (pre)clinical translation. Moreover, the radiosynthesis of prosthetic groups was automated in a radiochemistry module to facilitate its practical use in multistep radiochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sachin Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yusuf M Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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5
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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6
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Leibler INM, Gandhi SS, Tekle-Smith MA, Doyle AG. Strategies for Nucleophilic C(sp 3)-(Radio)Fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9928-9950. [PMID: 37094357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective surveys the progress and current limitations of nucleophilic fluorination methodologies. Despite the long and rich history of C(sp3)-F bond construction in chemical research, the inherent challenges associated with this transformation have largely constrained nucleophilic fluorination to a privileged reaction platform. In recent years, the Doyle group─along with many others─has pursued the study and development of this transformation with the intent of generating deeper mechanistic understanding, developing user-friendly fluorination reagents, and contributing to the invention of synthetic methods capable of enabling radiofluorination. Studies from our laboratory are discussed along with recent developments from others in this field. Fluoride reagent development and the mechanistic implications of reagent identity are highlighted. We also outline the chemical space inaccessible by current synthetic technologies and a series of future directions in the field that can potentially fill the existing dark spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivaani S Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Makeda A Tekle-Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Nielsen MM, Pedersen CM. Vessel effects in organic chemical reactions; a century-old, overlooked phenomenon. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6181-6196. [PMID: 35733904 PMCID: PMC9159102 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing aspects of synthetic chemistry is the interplay of numerous dependent and independent variables en route to achieve a successful, high-yielding chemical transformation. The experienced synthetic chemist will probe many of these variables during reaction development and optimization, which will routinely involve investigation of reaction temperature, solvent, stoichiometry, concentration, time, choice of catalyst, addition sequence or quenching conditions just to name some commonly addressed variables. Remarkably, little attention is typically given to the choice of reaction vessel material as the surface of common laboratory borosilicate glassware is, incorrectly, assumed to be chemically inert. When reviewing the scientific literature, careful consideration of the vessel material is typically only given during the use of well-known glass-etching reagents such as HF, which is typically only handled in HF-resistant, polyfluorinated polymer vessels. However, there are examples of chemical transformations that do not involve such reagents but are still clearly influenced by the choice of reaction vessel material. In the following review, we wish to condense the most significant examples of vessel effects during chemical transformations as well as observations of container-dependent stability of certain molecules. While the primary focus is on synthetic organic chemistry, relevant examples from inorganic chemistry, polymerization reactions, atmospheric chemistry and prebiotic chemistry are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen O Denmark
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8
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Jiang L, Sarró P, Teo WJ, Llop J, Suero MG. Catalytic alkene skeletal modification for the construction of fluorinated tertiary stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4327-4333. [PMID: 35509472 PMCID: PMC9006967 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the first construction of fluorinated tertiary stereocenters based on an alkene C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond cleavage. The new process, that takes advantage of a Rh-catalyzed carbyne transfer, relies on a branched-selective fluorination of tertiary allyl cations and is distinguished by a wide scope including natural products and drug molecule derivatives as well as adaptability to radiofluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pau Sarró
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica I Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C. Marcel·lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Wei Jie Teo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance 20014 San Sebastián Guipuzcoa Spain
| | - Marcos G Suero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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9
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Zeng JL, Xu ZH, Niu LF, Yao C, Liang LL, Zou YL, Yang L. Generating Monofluoro‐Substituted Amines and Amino Acids by the Interaction of Inexpensive KF and Sulfamidates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Zeng
- Xuchang University College of chemical and materials engineering 88 Bayi Road, Weidu District, 461000 Xuchang City CHINA
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Xuchang University college of chemical and materials engineering CHINA
| | - Liang-Feng Niu
- Xuchang University college of chemical and materials engineering CHINA
| | - Chuan Yao
- Xuchang University college of chemical and matericals engineering CHINA
| | - Lu-Lu Liang
- Xuchang University college of chemical and materials engineering CHINA
| | - Yu-Lu Zou
- Xuchang University college of chemical and matericals engineering CHINA
| | - Lijun Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College key laboratory of radiopharmacokinetics for innovative drugs CHINA
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10
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11
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Ajenjo J, Destro G, Cornelissen B, Gouverneur V. Closing the gap between 19F and 18F chemistry. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34564781 PMCID: PMC8464544 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an invaluable tool for drug discovery and diagnosis. The positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 is frequently used in PET radiopharmaceuticals due to its advantageous characteristics; hence, methods streamlining access to 18F-labelled radiotracers can make a direct impact in medicine. For many years, access to 18F-labelled radiotracers was limited by the paucity of methodologies available, and the poor diversity of precursors amenable to 18F-incorporation. During the last two decades, 18F-radiochemistry has progressed at a fast pace with the appearance of numerous methodologies for late-stage 18F-incorporation onto complex molecules from a range of readily available precursors including those that do not require pre-functionalisation. Key to these advances is the inclusion of new activation modes to facilitate 18F-incorporation. Specifically, new advances in late-stage 19F-fluorination under transition metal catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and organocatalysis combined with the availability of novel 18F-labelled fluorination reagents have enabled the invention of novel processes for 18F-incorporation onto complex (bio)molecules. This review describes these major breakthroughs with a focus on methodologies for C-18F bond formation. This reinvigorated interest in 18F-radiochemistry that we have witnessed in recent years has made a direct impact on 19F-chemistry with many laboratories refocusing their efforts on the development of methods using nucleophilic fluoride instead of fluorination reagents derived from molecular fluorine gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ajenjo
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gianluca Destro
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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12
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Arachchi MK, Nguyen HM. Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions of Racemic, Branched Trichloroacetimidates with Heteroatom Nucleophiles: Formation of Allylic C−O, C−N, and C−S Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhawee K. Arachchi
- Department of Chemistry Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 United States
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Fuad O. Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Connor K. English
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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14
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Kaldas SJ, Kran E, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Yudin AK, Studer A. Reaction of Vinyl Aziridines with Arynes: Synthesis of Benzazepines and Branched Allyl Fluorides. Chemistry 2020; 26:1501-1505. [PMID: 31628755 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the cycloaddition between vinyl aziridines and arynes. Depending on the reaction conditions and the choice of the aryne precursor, the aziridinium intermediate can be trapped through two distinct mechanistic pathways. The first one proceeds through a formal [5+2] cycloaddition to furnish valuable multi-substituted benzazepines. In the second pathway, the aziridinium is intercepted by a fluoride ion to afford allylic fluorides in good yields. Both reactions proceed stereospecifically and furnish enantiopure benzazepines and allylic fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif J Kaldas
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eva Kran
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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15
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Li X, Shi X, Li X, Shi D. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed incorporation of fluorine-containing groups. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2213-2270. [PMID: 31598178 PMCID: PMC6774084 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine chemistry plays an increasingly important role in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials industries. The incorporation of fluorine-containing groups into organic molecules can improve their chemical and physical properties, which attracts continuous interest in organic synthesis. Among various reported methods, transition-metal-catalyzed fluorination/fluoroalkylation has emerged as a powerful method for the construction of these compounds. This review attempts to describe the major advances in the transition-metal-catalyzed incorporation of fluorine, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, and trifluoromethoxy groups reported between 2011 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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16
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Sorlin AM, Mixdorf JC, Rotella ME, Martin RT, Gutierrez O, Nguyen HM. The Role of Trichloroacetimidate To Enable Iridium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Allylic Fluorination: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14843-14852. [PMID: 31438667 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric allylic fluorination has proven to be a robust and efficient methodology with potential applications for the development of pharmaceuticals and practical synthesis for 18F-radiolabeling. A combined computational (dispersion-corrected DFT) and experimental approach was taken to interrogate the mechanism of the diene-ligated, iridium-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic fluorination. Our group has shown that, in the presence of an iridium(I) catalyst and nucleophilic fluoride source (Et3N·3HF), allylic trichloroacetimidates undergo rapid fluoride substitution to generate allylic fluoride products with excellent levels of branched-to-linear ratios. Mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of the trichloroacetimidate as a potent leaving group and ligand to enable conversion of racemic allylic trichloroacetimidates to the corresponding enantioenriched allylic fluorides, via a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT), in the presence of the chiral bicyclo[3.3.0]octadiene-ligated iridium catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Jason C Mixdorf
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Madeline E Rotella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Robert T Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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17
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Akiyama S, Kubota K, Mikus MS, Paioti PHS, Romiti F, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Hoveyda AH, Ito H. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Boronates Bearing a Trisubstituted Alkenyl Fluoride and Related Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11998-12003. [PMID: 31194906 PMCID: PMC6707873 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic method for diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of allylic boronates bearing a Z-trisubstituted alkenyl fluoride is disclosed. Boryl substitution is performed with either a Z- or E-allyldifluoride and is catalyzed by bisphosphine/Cu complexes, affording products in up to 99 % yield with >98:2 Z/E selectivity and 99:1 enantiomeric ratio. A variety of subsequent modifications are feasible, and notable examples are diastereoselective additions to aldehydes/aldimines to access homoallylic alcohols/amines containing a fluorosubstituted stereogenic quaternary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Akiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Malte S Mikus
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Paulo H S Paioti
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Filippo Romiti
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Qinghe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Yuebiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
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18
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Thompson S, Lee SJ, Jackson IM, Ichiishi N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Synthesis of [ 18F]-γ-fluoro-α,β,-unsaturated esters and ketones via vinylogous 18F-fluorination of α-diazoacetates with [ 18F]AgF. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2019; 51:4401-4407. [PMID: 32612311 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This communication reports a method for the vinylogous radiofluorination of α-diazoacetates to generate γ-[18F]fluoro-α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones in moderate to good radiochemical yields. The method uses no-carrier-added [18F]AgF and is compatible with aromatic and non-aromatic substrates and a number of different functional groups. The labeling method is showcased in the synthesis of a fluorinated 5-cholesten-3-one derivative as well as a difluorinated product pertinent to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thompson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isaac M Jackson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Akiyama S, Kubota K, Mikus MS, Paioti PHS, Romiti F, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Hoveyda AH, Ito H. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Boronates Bearing a Trisubstituted Alkenyl Fluoride and Related Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sota Akiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry CenterFaculty of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry CenterFaculty of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD)Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Malte S. Mikus
- Department of ChemistryMerkert Chemistry CenterBoston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Paulo H. S. Paioti
- Department of ChemistryMerkert Chemistry CenterBoston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering InstituteUniversity of StrasbourgCNRS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Filippo Romiti
- Department of ChemistryMerkert Chemistry CenterBoston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering InstituteUniversity of StrasbourgCNRS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Qinghe Liu
- Department of ChemistryMerkert Chemistry CenterBoston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Yuebiao Zhou
- Department of ChemistryMerkert Chemistry CenterBoston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of ChemistryMerkert Chemistry CenterBoston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering InstituteUniversity of StrasbourgCNRS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry CenterFaculty of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD)Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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20
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Zhu L, Xiong J, An J, Chen N, Xue J, Jiang X. Highly efficient regio-selective ring-opening nucleophilic fluorination of aziridines and azetidines: access to β- or γ-fluorinated amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3797-3804. [PMID: 30916695 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have presented a facile and efficient method of ring-opening nucleophilic fluorination of aziridines, affording highly regio-selective β-fluorinated amines. Firstly, the example of ring-opening hydrofluorination of azetidines was reported. Then, the Olah's reagent also provided a promising method for the construction of enantioenriched β-fluoro-α-amino acid derivatives, which could be used for the preparation of peptide-based bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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21
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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22
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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23
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Cheng Q, Tu HF, Zheng C, Qu JP, Helmchen G, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1855-1969. [PMID: 30582688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the origin and advancements of iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions during the past two decades. Since the first report in 1997, Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions have attracted intense attention due to their exceptionally high regio- and enantioselectivities. Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions have been significantly developed in recent years in many respects, including ligand development, mechanistic understanding, substrate scope, and application in the synthesis of complex functional molecules. In this review, an explicit outline of ligands, mechanism, scope of nucleophiles, and applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hang-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Günter Helmchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Ruprecht-Karls , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
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24
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Mixdorf JC, Sorlin AM, Dick DW, Nguyen HM. Iridium-Catalyzed Radiosynthesis of Branched Allylic [18F]Fluorides. Org Lett 2018; 21:60-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - David W. Dick
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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25
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Butcher TW, Hartwig JF. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Fluorides by Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Fluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13125-13129. [PMID: 30136379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Few allylic electrophiles containing two different substituents at a single allyl terminus and none in which one of the two substituents is a heteroatom, have been shown previously to react with iridium catalysts to form substitution products. We report that iridium-catalysts are uniquely suited to form tertiary allylic fluorides enantioselectively by the addition of a diverse range of carbon-centered nucleophiles at the fluorine-containing terminus of 3-fluoro-substituted allylic esters. The products contain tertiary stereogenic centers bearing a single fluorine, which are isosteric with common tertiary stereocenters containing a single hydrogen. Computational studies reveal the principal steric interactions influencing the stability of endo and exo π-allyl intermediates formed from 3,3-disubstituted allylic electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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26
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Niwa T, Ujiie K, Sato H, Egami H, Hamashima Y. Asymmetric Fluorination of Cyclic Tetrasubstituted Alkenes with a Pendant Amide Groups under Dianionic Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:920-922. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Niwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kiyoshi Ujiie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hitomi Sato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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27
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Butcher TW, Hartwig JF. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Fluorides by Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Fluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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28
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Topczewski JJ, Porter MR. "It's a (Kinetic) Trap!" - Selectively Differentiating Allylic Azide Isomers. Synlett 2018; 29:1537-1542. [PMID: 30505072 PMCID: PMC6258082 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1609479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Allylic azides are known to undergo the Winstein rearrangement and are often isolated as an equilibrating mixture of isomers. While this process has been known for almost 60 years, very few synthetic applications of this process have been reported. The absence of methods exploiting these intermediates likely stems from a paucity of approaches for gaining the required selectivity to differentiate the isomers. Our lab has made some progress in leveraging this unusual reaction into practical synthetic methodology. Presented herein is a summary of our lab's recent accomplishments in selectively trapping allylic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Matthew R Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
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29
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30
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Porter MR, Shaker RM, Calcanas C, Topczewski JJ. Stereoselective Dynamic Cyclization of Allylic Azides: Synthesis of Tetralins, Chromanes, and Tetrahydroquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1211-1214. [PMID: 29303567 PMCID: PMC5989720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the stereoselective synthesis of 3-azido-tetralins, -chromanes, and -tetrahydroquinolines via a tandem allylic azide rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Exposure of allylic azides with a pendant trichloroacetimidate to catalytic quantities of AgSbF6 proved optimal for this transformation. This cascade successfully differentiates the equilibrating azide isomers, providing products in excellent yield and selectivity (>25 examples, up to 94% yield and >25:1 dr). In many cases, the reactive isomer is only a trace fraction of the equilibrium mixture, keenly illustrating the dynamic nature of these systems. We demonstrate the utility of this process via a synthesis of hasubanan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rami M. Shaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cristian Calcanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J. Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Wang ZY, Wan JH, Wang GY, Jin RX, Lan Q, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Heck-Type Monofluoroacetation of Styrenes for Facile Synthesis of Allylic Fluorides. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:261-265. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Wan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Gao-Yin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Xing Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Quan Lan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P.R. China
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32
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Guo R, Huang J, Zhao X. Organoselenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Allylic Fluorination with Electrophilic N–F Reagent. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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33
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Fustero S, Sedgwick DM, Román R, Barrio P. Recent advances in the synthesis of functionalised monofluorinated compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9706-9725. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05181j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have tackled the synthesis of interesting monofluorinated organic molecules, such as: dihydronaphthalene derivatives, β-fluoro sulfones and related carbonyl compounds, fluorohydrins and allylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Daniel M. Sedgwick
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
| | - Raquel Román
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe
- E-46012 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas
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34
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Zhang Z, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-mediated intramolecular aminofluorination of 1,3-dienes by using nucleophilic fluorine reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8709-8712. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-mediated intramolecular aminofluorination of 1,3-dienes is disclosed, in which both AgF and Et3N·3HF can be used as the fluorine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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35
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Mixdorf JC, Sorlin AM, Zhang Q, Nguyen HM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Fluorides via Fluorination of Racemic Allylic Trichloroacetimidates Catalyzed by a Chiral Diene-Iridium Complex. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
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36
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Chen C, Fu L, Chen P, Liu G. Recent Advances and Perspectives of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Fluorination Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaohuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Liang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
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37
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Mizuta S, Otaki H, Kitagawa A, Kitamura K, Morii Y, Ishihara J, Nishi K, Hashimoto R, Usui T, Chiba K. Ionic Liquid-Mediated Hydrofluorination of o-Azaxylylenes Derived from 3-Bromooxindoles. Org Lett 2017; 19:2572-2575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuta
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Hiroki Otaki
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Ayako Kitagawa
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Kanami Kitamura
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Yuki Morii
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department
of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Ryo Hashimoto
- Nishiisahaya Hospital, 3015 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki 854-0063, Japan
| | - Toshiya Usui
- Nishiisahaya Hospital, 3015 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki 854-0063, Japan
| | - Kenya Chiba
- Nishiisahaya Hospital, 3015 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki 854-0063, Japan
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38
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Zhu YL, Wang AF, Du JY, Leng BR, Tu SJ, Wang DC, Wei P, Hao WJ, Jiang B. Ag-Catalyzed difluorohydration of β-alkynyl ketones for diastereoselective synthesis of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6397-6400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02088k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic difluorohydration of β-alkynyl ketones using NFSI as the fluorinating reagent has been established, diastereoselectively providing difluoride 1,5-dicarbonyl products, and some of them were converted into difluorinated isoquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Ai-Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yu Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Rong Leng
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - De-Cai Wang
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Nagamoto
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Tian P, Wang CQ, Cai SH, Song S, Ye L, Feng C, Loh TP. F– Nucleophilic-Addition-Induced Allylic Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15869-15872. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tian
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Hu Cai
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shengjin Song
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ye
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616
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41
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Petrone DA, Ye J, Lautens M. Modern Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carbon–Halogen Bond Formation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8003-104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Petrone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Davenport Research Laboratories, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Juntao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Davenport Research Laboratories, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Davenport Research Laboratories, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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42
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Chu CK, Ziegler DT, Carr B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Direct Access to β-Fluorinated Aldehydes by Nitrite-Modified Wacker Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal K. Chu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Daniel T. Ziegler
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian Carr
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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43
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Chu CK, Ziegler DT, Carr B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Direct Access to β-Fluorinated Aldehydes by Nitrite-Modified Wacker Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8435-9. [PMID: 27225538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An aldehyde-selective Wacker-type oxidation of allylic fluorides proceeds with a nitrite catalyst. The method represents a direct route to prepare β-fluorinated aldehydes. Allylic fluorides bearing a variety of functional groups are transformed in high yield and very high regioselectivity. Additionally, the unpurified aldehyde products serve as versatile intermediates, thus enabling access to a diverse array of fluorinated building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that inductive effects have a strong influence on the rate and regioselectivity of the oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal K Chu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel T Ziegler
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian Carr
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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44
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Buckingham F, Gouverneur V. Asymmetric 18F-fluorination for applications in positron emission tomography. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1645-1652. [PMID: 28808536 PMCID: PMC5535067 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming more frequently used by medicinal chemists to facilitate the selection of the most promising lead compounds for further evaluation. For PET, this entails the preparation of 11C- or 18F-labeled drugs or radioligands. With the importance of chirality and fluorine substitution in drug development, chemists can be faced with the challenge of preparing enantiopure molecules featuring the 18F-tag on a stereogenic carbon. Asymmetric 18F-fluorination is an emerging field of research that provides an alternative to resolution or conventional SN2-based radiochemistry. To date, both transition metal complexes and organomediators have been successfully employed for 18F-incorporation at a stereogenic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Buckingham
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , OX1 3UQ , Oxford , UK .
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , OX1 3UQ , Oxford , UK .
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45
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Pang X, Xiang L, Ma J, Yang X, Yan R. Halogenations of substituted 2-alkylquinoline with iodine and halide exchange with AgF2. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenations of substituted 2-alkylquinoline with iodine and halide exchange with AgF2 have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Likui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Jianxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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46
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47
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Cheng LJ, Cordier CJ. Catalytic Nucleophilic Fluorination of Secondary and Tertiary Propargylic Electrophiles with a Copper-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13734-8. [PMID: 26403935 PMCID: PMC4648036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic method for the nucleophilic fluorination of propargylic electrophiles is described. Our protocol involves the use of a Cu(NHC) complex as the catalyst and is suitable for the preparation of secondary and tertiary propargylic fluorides without the formation of isomeric fluoroallenes. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that fluorination proceeds via copper acetylides and that cationic species are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (UK) E-mail:
| | - Christopher J Cordier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (UK) E-mail:
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48
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Catalytic Nucleophilic Fluorination of Secondary and Tertiary Propargylic Electrophiles with a Copper-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Zhang Q, Stockdale DP, Mixdorf JC, Topczewski JJ, Nguyen HM. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Fluorination of Racemic, Secondary Allylic Trichloroacetimidates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11912-5. [PMID: 26348569 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ir-catalyzed enantioselective fluorination of racemic, branched allylic trichloroacetimidates with Et3N·3HF is a mild and efficient route for selective incorporation of fluoride ion into allylic systems. We herein describe the asymmetric fluorination of racemic, secondary allylic electrophiles with Et3N·3HF using a chiral-diene-ligated Ir complex. The methodology enables the formation of acyclic fluorine-containing compounds in good yields with excellent levels of asymmetric induction and overcomes the limitations previously associated with the enantioselective construction of secondary allylic fluorides bearing α-linear substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - David P Stockdale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason C Mixdorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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50
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Zhang Q, Mixdorf JC, Reynders GJ, Nguyen HM. Rhodium-catalyzed benzylic fluorination of trichloroacetimidates. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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