1
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Kinzelmann M, Fröhlich N, Vogel A, Kivala M, Drewello T. Tandem mass spectrometry of π-expanded triphenylamine and N-heterotriangulene scaffolds: Radical cation versus silver(I) adduct. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5079. [PMID: 39132903 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Triphenylamine (TPA) and N-heterotriangulene (N-HTA) scaffolds with up to three oligophenyl extensions are investigated by electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry (ESI-[MS/]MS). Due to their low oxidation potentials, all molecules readily form radical cations in the electrospray process. The energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation behaviour of the molecular ions is contrasted to that of the silver(I) adducts. Complexation with Ag(I) leads to the expected [1:1] and [2:1] complexes (MAg+ and M2Ag+); however, even [1:2] complexes (MAg2 2+) can be detected for molecules with two and three large π-expansions to allow stabilization of two charges. The TPA scaffolds decompose only at high collision energies through the loss of peripheral tert-butyl groups. A general mechanism for this is proposed commencing with a methyl loss and followed by the release of isobutene and butyl radical moieties. The N-HTA-based scaffolds are considerably less stable and molecular ions fragment at low collision energies. This is caused by the facile loss of methyl radicals from the dimethylmethylene-bridged triangulene core. In contrast, complexation with Ag+ leads to a dramatic stabilization. Most interestingly, dissociation eventually proceeds via the loss of neutral AgCH3, which is indicative of strong bidentate, tweezer-like bonding of Ag+ to the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kinzelmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Koh QM, Mazlan NS, Seah QJ, Yang JC, Chen YJ, Png RQ, Ho PKH, Chua LL. Effects of Planarization of the Triphenylamine Unit on the Electronic and Transport Properties of Triarylamine-Fluorene Copolymers in Both Doped and Undoped Forms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39708-39716. [PMID: 39018293 PMCID: PMC11299140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Triarylamine-alt-fluorene (TAF) copolymers are widely used for hole injection and transport in organic electronics. Despite suggestions to planarize the triphenylamine moiety, little research has been conducted. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the effects of planarization on the electronic and transport properties of a model TAF polymer semiconductor core. We compared the conventional twisted-propeller N-4-methoxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylamine-4',4″-diyl (TA) unit and its planarized bridged analogue (bTA) where adjacent o,o'-positions are linked by 1,1-dimethylmethylene. We studied both polyelectrolyte and non-polyelectrolyte forms of this core in both doped and undoped states. We found that planarization leads to an unprecedented trap-free transport of holes, and a pronounced enhancement of their mobility in the undoped state though less so in the doped state. Planarization also induces a slight reduction in the ionization energy of the undoped polymer, consequently lowering the work function of the doped polymer. This is accompanied by small spectral shifts: a red shift in the first absorption band of the undoped polymer and a blue shift in the first absorption band of the polaron. Furthermore, this study unveils new fundamental features of TAF polymers: (i) Doping induces the formation of three polaron bands within the subgap. (ii) Absorption of both neutral and polaron segments exhibit a linear intensity relationship with doping level. (iii) Electrical conductivity reaches a maximum at the half-doped state, varying as σ ∼ (x (1 - x))3 for 0.1 ≲ x ≲ 0.9, where x is the doping level. Finally, we demonstrate the successful integration of these self-compensated hole-doped TAF polymers as efficient hole injection layers in organic semiconductor diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Mian Koh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552 Singapore
| | - Nur Syafiqah Mazlan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552 Singapore
| | - Qiu-Jing Seah
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552 Singapore
| | - Jin-Cheng Yang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550 Singapore
| | - Yue-Jia Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552 Singapore
| | - Rui-Qi Png
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550 Singapore
| | - Peter K. H. Ho
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550 Singapore
| | - Lay-Lay Chua
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552 Singapore
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3
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Spalenza PEP, de Souza FAL, Amorim RG, Scheicher RH, Scopel WL. A high density nanopore 3-triangulene kagome lattice. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9911-9916. [PMID: 38686534 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00910j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanopore-containing two-dimensional materials have been explored for a wide range of applications including filtration, sensing, catalysis, energy storage and conversion. Triangulenes have recently been experimentally synthesized in a variety of sizes. In this regard, using these systems as building blocks, we theoretically examined 3-triangulene kagome crystals with inherent holes of ∼12 Å diameter and a greater density array of nanopores (≥1013 cm-2) compared to conventional 2D systems. The energetic, electronic, and transport properties of pristine and B/N-doped 3-triangulene kagome crystals were evaluated through a combination of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method. The simulated scanning tunneling microscopy images clearly capture electronic perturbation around the doped sites, which can be used to distinguish the pristine system from the doped systems. The viability of precisely controlling the band structure and transport properties by changing the type and concentration of doping atoms is demonstrated. The findings presented herein can potentially widen the applicability of these systems that combine unique electronic properties and intrinsically high-density pores, which can pave the way for the next generation of nanopore-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo G Amorim
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ralph H Scheicher
- Division of Materials Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Wanderlã Luis Scopel
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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4
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Zhang K, Hao M, Jin T, Shi Y, Tian G, Li C, Ma H, Zhang N, Li Q, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Aza/Boracyclophanes with a meta and para Substitution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302950. [PMID: 37950682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of a new class of axially chiral aza/boracyclophanes (BDN1, BXN1, BDB1 and BXB1) using binaphthyls as chiral building blocks and the main-group (B/N) chemistry with tunable electronic effects. All macrocycles substituted with triarylamine donors or triarylborane acceptors are strongly luminescent. These macrocycles showed two distinct meta and para π-conjugation pathways, leading to the formation of quasi figure-of-eight and square-shaped conformations. Interestingly, comparison of such structural models revealed that the former type of macrocycles BXN1 and BXB1 gave higher racemization barriers relative to the other ones. The results reported here may provide a new approach to engineer the optical stability of π-conjugated chiral macrocycles by controlling π-substitution patterns. The ring constraints induced by macrocyclization were also demonstrated to contribute to the configurational persistence as compared with the open-chain analogues p-BTT and m-BTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
- Program in General Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Yafei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Quansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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5
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Liu W, Zhang H, Liang S, Wang T, He S, Hu Y, Zhang R, Ning H, Ren J, Bakulin A, Gao F, Yuan J, Zou Y. The Synthesis of a Multiple D-A Conjugated Macrocycle and Its Application in Organic Photovoltaic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311645. [PMID: 37819601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
As a novel class of materials, D-A conjugated macrocycles hold significant promise for chemical science. However, their potential in photovoltaic remains largely untapped due to the complexity of introducing multiple donor and acceptor moieties into the design and synthesis of cyclic π-conjugated molecules. Here, we report a multiple D-A ring-like conjugated molecule (RCM) via the coupling of dimer molecule DBTP-C3 as a template and thiophenes in high yields. RCM exhibits a narrow optical gap (1.33 eV) and excellent thermal stability, and shows a remarkable photoluminescence yield (ΦPL ) of 11.1 % in solution, much higher than non-cyclic analogues. Organic solar cell (OSC) constructed with RCM as electron acceptor shows efficient charge separation at donor-acceptor band offsets and achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2 %-approximately fourfold higher than macrocycle-based OSCs reported so far. This is partly due to low non-radiative voltage loss down to 0.20 eV and a high electroluminescence yield (ΦEL ) of 4×10-4 . Our findings emphasize the potential of D-A cyclic conjugated molecules in advancing organic photovoltaic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Huotian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Songting Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siqing He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Haoqing Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Pol-ymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Artem Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
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6
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Yu H, Heine T. Magnetic Coupling Control in Triangulene Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19303-19311. [PMID: 37610306 PMCID: PMC10485925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free magnetism remains an enigmatic field, offering prospects for unconventional magnetic and electronic devices. In the pursuit of such magnetism, triangulenes, endowed with inherent spin polarization, are promising candidates to serve as monomers to construct extended structures. However, controlling and enhancing the magnetic interactions between the monomers persist as a significant challenge in molecular spintronics, as so far only weak antiferromagnetic coupling through the linkage has been realized, hindering their room temperature utilization. Herein, we investigate 24 triangulene dimers using first-principles calculations and demonstrate their tunable magnetic coupling (J), achieving unprecedented strong J values of up to -144 meV in a non-Kekulé dimer. We further establish a positive correlation between bandgap, electronic coupling, and antiferromagnetic interaction, thereby providing molecular-level insights into enhancing magnetic interactions. By twisting the molecular fragments, we demonstrate an effective and feasible approach to control both the sign and strength of J by tuning the balance between potential and kinetic exchanges. We discover that J can be substantially boosted at planar configurations up to -198 meV. We realize ferromagnetic coupling in nitrogen-doped triangulene dimers at both planar and largely twisted configurations, representing the first example of ferromagnetic triangulene dimers that cannot be predicted by the Ovchinnikov rule. This work thus provides a practical strategy for augmenting magnetic coupling and open up new avenues for metal-free ferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Yu
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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7
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Burke DW, Dasari RR, Sangwan VK, Oanta AK, Hirani Z, Pelkowski CE, Tang Y, Li R, Ralph DC, Hersam MC, Barlow S, Marder SR, Dichtel WR. Synthesis, Hole Doping, and Electrical Properties of a Semiconducting Azatriangulene-Based Covalent Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) containing heterotriangulenes have been theoretically identified as semiconductors with tunable, Dirac-cone-like band structures, which are expected to afford high charge-carrier mobilities ideal for next-generation flexible electronics. However, few bulk syntheses of these materials have been reported, and existing synthetic methods provide limited control of network purity and morphology. Here, we report transimination reactions between benzophenone-imine-protected azatriangulenes (OTPA) and benzodithiophene dialdehydes (BDT), which afforded a new semiconducting COF network, OTPA-BDT. The COFs were prepared as both polycrystalline powders and thin films with controlled crystallite orientation. The azatriangulene nodes are readily oxidized to stable radical cations upon exposure to an appropriate p-type dopant, tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate, after which the network's crystallinity and orientation are maintained. Oriented, hole-doped OTPA-BDT COF films exhibit electrical conductivities of up to 1.2 × 10-1 S cm-1, which are among the highest reported for imine-linked 2D COFs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raghunath R Dasari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander K Oanta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chloe E Pelkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongjian Tang
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruofan Li
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Enderson Z, Murali H, Dasari RR, Dai Q, Li H, Parker TC, Brédas JL, Marder SR, First PN. Tailoring On-Surface Molecular Reactions and Assembly through Hydrogen-Modified Synthesis: From Triarylamine Monomer to 2D Covalent Organic Framework. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7366-7376. [PMID: 37014759 PMCID: PMC10134737 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Relative to conventional wet-chemical synthesis techniques, on-surface synthesis of organic networks in ultrahigh vacuum has few control parameters. The molecular deposition rate and substrate temperature are typically the only synthesis variables to be adjusted dynamically. Here we demonstrate that reducing conditions in the vacuum environment can be created and controlled without dedicated sources─relying only on backfilled hydrogen gas and ion gauge filaments─and can dramatically influence the Ullmann-like on-surface reaction used for synthesizing two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs). Using tribromo dimethylmethylene-bridged triphenylamine ((Br3)DTPA) as monomer precursors, we find that atomic hydrogen (H•) blocks aryl-aryl bond formation to such an extent that we suspect this reaction may be a factor in limiting the ultimate size of 2D COFs created through on-surface synthesis. Conversely, we show that control of the relative monomer and hydrogen fluxes can be used to produce large self-assembled islands of monomers, dimers, or macrocycle hexamers, which are of interest in their own right. On-surface synthesis of oligomers, from a single precursor, circumvents potential challenges with their protracted wet-chemical synthesis and with multiple deposition sources. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), we show that changes in the electronic states through this oligomer sequence provide an insightful view of the 2D COF (synthesized in the absence of atomic hydrogen) as the end point in an evolution of electronic structures from the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery
A. Enderson
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Harshavardhan Murali
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Raghunath R. Dasari
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Timothy C. Parker
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and
Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Phillip N. First
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Toksabay S, Leisegang M, Christ A, Härtl P, Krebs J, Marder TB, Haldar S, Heinze S, Bode M, Krueger A. Controlled Formation of Porous 2D Lattices from C 3 -symmetric Ph 6 -Me-Tribenzotriquinacene-OAc 3. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203187. [PMID: 36346617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The on-surface self-assembly of molecules to form holey nanographenes is a promising approach to control the properties of the resulting 2D lattice. Usually, planar molecules are utilized to prepare flat, structurally confined molecular layers, with only a few recent examples of warped precursors. However, control of the superstructures is limited thus far. Herein, we report the temperature-controlled self-assembly of a bowl-shaped, acetylated C3 -symmetric hexaphenyltribenzotriquinacene derivative on Cu(111). Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) confirms the formation of highly differing arrangements starting with π-stacked bowl-to-bowl dimers at low coverage at room temperature via chiral honeycomb structures, an intermediate trigonal superstructure, followed by a fully carbon-based, flattened hexagonal superstructure formed by on-surface deacetylation, which is proposed as a precursor for holey graphene networks with unique defect structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Toksabay
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Leisegang
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Christ
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Härtl
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soumyajyoti Haldar
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinze
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Bode
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Ni X, Huang H, Brédas JL. Organic Higher-Order Topological Insulators: Heterotriangulene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22778-22786. [PMID: 36469524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design and control the chemical characteristics of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offers a new avenue for the development of functional materials, especially with respect to topological properties. Based on density functional theory calculations, by varying the core units through the choice of bridging groups [O, C═O, CH2, or C(CH3)2] and the linker units [acetylene, diacetylene, or benzene], we have designed heterotriangulene-based COFs that are predicted to be two-dimensional higher-order topological insulators (TIs). The higher-order TI characteristics of these COFs are identified via their topological invariants and the presence of in-gap topological corner modes and gapped edge states. The frontier molecular orbital energies of the building moieties play an important role in determining the size of the higher-order TI gap, which we find to be highly dependent on linker units. We also examined the deposition of the COFs on a boron nitride substrate to assess the feasibility of experimental observation of a higher-order TI phase in the organic layer. This work thus provides new insights into heterotriangulene-based COFs and guidance for the exploration of purely organic topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721-0088, United States
| | - Huaqing Huang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721-0088, United States
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11
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Wang Y, Jiang J, Mi W. Two-dimensional heterotriangulene-based manganese organic frameworks: bipolar magnetic and half semiconductors with perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8865-8874. [PMID: 35697051 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) organic intrinsic magnetic semiconductors have potential applications in low-dimensional organic spintronic devices due to their remarkable physical properties. However, 2D metal-organic frameworks with magnetic and semiconducting properties are rare. In this work, the electronic and magnetic properties of 2D heterotriangulene-based manganese organic frameworks including triphenylamine (TPA) and triphenylborane (TPB) organic ligands with methylene (M), carbonyl (C) or oxygen (O) coordination groups were studied by first-principles calculations. XTPA-Mn (X = M and O) is a bipolar magnetic semiconductor with a large spin-flip band gap. CTPA-Mn and XTPB-Mn (X = M, C and O) are half semiconductors with perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The electronic properties of materials ranging from half semiconductors to bipolar magnetic semiconductors appear in CTPA-Mn and XTPB-Mn (X = M and C) at biaxial strains. XTPA-Mn and XTPB-Mn with a frustrated antiferromagnetic configuration are semiconductors with good ductility and stability. These results enrich the diversity of 2D organic intrinsic magnetic semiconductors, which have potential applications in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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12
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Breimaier S, Fröhlich N, Herberger J, Linseis M, Kivala M, Winter RF. Charge and Spin Delocalization in Mixed-Valent Vinylruthenium–Triarylamine-Conjugates with Planarized Triarylamines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Breimaier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nina Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich−Alexander-Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Herberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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13
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Míguez‐Lago S, Gliemann BD, Kivala M, Cid MM. A Chiral Molecular Cage Comprising Diethynylallenes and N-Heterotriangulenes for Enantioselective Recognition. Chemistry 2021; 27:13352-13357. [PMID: 34374138 PMCID: PMC8518621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chirality, a characteristic tool of molecular recognition in nature, is often a complement of redox active systems. Scientists, in their eagerness to mimic such sophistication, have designed numerous chiral systems based on molecular entities with cavities, such as macrocycles and cages. In an attempt to combine chirality and redox-active species, in this contribution we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of a chiral shape-persistent molecular cage based on the combination of enantiopure diethynylallenes and electron-rich bridged triarylamines, also known as N-heterotriangulenes. Its ability for chiral recognition in solution was revealed through UV/vis titrations with enantiopure helicenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Míguez‐Lago
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de VigoCampus Lagoas-Marcosende36310VigoSpain
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bettina D. Gliemann
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - María Magdalena Cid
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de VigoCampus Lagoas-Marcosende36310VigoSpain
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14
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Zhou Z, Springer MA, Geng W, Zhu X, Li T, Li M, Jing Y, Heine T. Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Binary Polymers from Heterotriangulenes for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8134-8140. [PMID: 34410139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of first-principles calculations, we report the design of three two-dimensional (2D) binary honeycomb-kagome polymers composed of B- and N-centered heterotriangulenes with a periodically alternate arrangement as in hexagonal boron nitride. The 2D binary polymers with donor-acceptor characteristics are semiconductors with a direct band gap of 1.98-2.28 eV. The enhanced in-plane electron conjugation contributes to high charge carrier mobilities for both electrons and holes, about 6.70 and 0.24 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, for the 2D binary polymer with carbonyl bridges (2D CTPAB). With appropriate band edge alignment to match the water redox potentials and pronounced light adsorption for the ultraviolet and visible range of spectra, 2D CTPAB is predicted to be an effective photocatalyst/photoelectrocatalyst to promote overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpei Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Maximilian A Springer
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Weixiang Geng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tianchun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Manman Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu Jing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Thomas Heine
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Jing Y, Zhou Z, Geng W, Zhu X, Heine T. 2D Honeycomb-Kagome Polymer Tandem as Effective Metal-Free Photocatalysts for Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008645. [PMID: 33942398 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of first-principles calculations, the potential of applying 2D honeycomb-kagome polymers made of heteroatom-centered triangulene derivatives to photocatalyze water splitting is explored. The designed 2D polymers possess indirect bandgaps in the range of 1.80-2.84 eV and show pronounced light absorption in the ultraviolet and visible region of the solar spectrum. With suitable band edge alignment, the examined N- and B-center polymers can generate sufficient photon-excited electrons and holes to activate the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. The combination of lattice-inherent band features (flat bands) with chemical functionalization (potential shift due to heteroatoms) makes it possible to construct tandem cells with suppressed electron/hole recombination for effective overall water splitting. In addition, there is a potential difference between the half-electrodes that can be utlized to power auxiliary components in self-sufficient photocatalyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- TU Dresden Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhenpei Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weixiang Geng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Thomas Heine
- TU Dresden Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
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16
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Liu SH, Hou H, Deng ZY, Wang XR, Tang C, Ju YY, Feng LB, Tan YZ. Three-dimensional conjugated macrocycle with large polyaromatic blocks constructed by post-π-extension. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Wang D, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhou J, Feng YP, Loh KP, Wu J, Wee ATS. Atomic-Level Electronic Properties of Carbon Nitride Monolayers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14008-14016. [PMID: 32954722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials are of significance for clean energy conversion and storage because of their fascinating electronic properties, low cost, high durability, and environmental friendliness. Atomically precise fabrication of carbon-based materials with well-defined heteroatom-dopant positions and atomic-scale understanding of their atomic-level electronic properties is a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the bottom-up on-surface synthesis of 1D and 2D monolayer carbon nitride nanostructures with precise control of the nitrogen-atom doping sites and pore sizes. We also observe an electronic band offset at the C-N heterojunction. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, the atomic structure of the as-prepared carbon nitride nanoporous monolayers are revealed, indicating successful and precise control of the structures and N atom doping sites. Furthermore, corroborated by theoretical calculations, scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal a valence band shift of 140 meV that results in an electric field of 2.9 × 108 V m-1 at the C-N heterojunction, indicating efficient separation of the electron-hole pair at the N doping site. Our finding offers direct atomic-level insights into the local electronic structure of the heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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18
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Fu C, Mikšátko J, Assies L, Vrkoslav V, Orlandi S, Kalbáč M, Kovaříček P, Zeng X, Zhou B, Muccioli L, Perepichka DF, Orgiu E. Surface-Confined Macrocyclization via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2956-2965. [PMID: 32068388 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined synthesis is a promising approach to build complex molecular nanostructures including macrocycles. However, despite the recent advances in on-surface macrocyclization under ultrahigh vacuum, selective synthesis of monodisperse and multicomponent macrocycles remains a challenge. Here, we report on an on-surface formation of [6 + 6] Schiff-base macrocycles via dynamic covalent chemistry. The macrocycles form two-dimensional crystalline domains on the micrometer scale, enabled by dynamic conversion of open-chain oligomers into well-defined ∼3.0 nm hexagonal macrocycles. We further show that by tailoring the length of the alkyl substituents, it is possible to control which of three possible products-oligomers, macrocycles, or polymers-will form at the surface. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy imaging combined with density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations unravel the synergistic effect of surface confinement and solvent in leading to preferential on-surface macrocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Fu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
- INRS, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Centre, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Jiří Mikšátko
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Assies
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 166 10 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale " Toso Montanari ", Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kovaříček
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale " Toso Montanari ", Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- INRS, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Centre, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2
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19
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Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8689-8697. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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20
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Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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21
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Schaub TA, Mekelburg T, Dral PO, Miehlich M, Hampel F, Meyer K, Kivala M. A Spherically Shielded Triphenylamine and Its Persistent Radical Cation. Chemistry 2020; 26:3264-3269. [PMID: 31970834 PMCID: PMC7154785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the design and synthesis of a sterically protected triphenylamine scaffold which undergoes one-electron oxidation to form an amine-centered radical cation of remarkable stability. Several structural adjustments were made to tame the inherent reactivity of the radical cation. First, the parent propeller-shaped triphenylamine was planarized with sterically demanding bridging units and, second, protecting groups were deployed to block the reactive positions. The efficiently shielded triphenylamine core can be reversibly oxidized at moderate potentials (+0.38 V, vs. Fc/Fc+ in CH2 Cl2 ). Spectroelectrochemistry and chemical oxidation studies were employed to monitor the evolution of characteristic photophysical features. To obtain a better understanding of the impact of one-electron oxidation on structural and electronic properties, joint experimental and computational studies were conducted, including X-ray structural analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The sterically shielded radical cation combines various desirable attributes: A characteristic and unobstructed absorption in the visible region, high stability which enables storage for weeks without spectroscopically traceable degradation, and a reliable oxidation/re-reduction process due to effective screening of the planarized triphenylamine core from its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Theresa Mekelburg
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Pavlo O. Dral
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Matthias Miehlich
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM)Im Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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22
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Abstract
There are more than 200 two-dimensional (2D) networks with different topologies. The structural topology of a 2D network defines its electronic structure. Including the electronic topological properties, it gives rise to Dirac cones, topological flat bands and topological insulators. In this Tutorial Review, we show how electronic properties of 2D networks can be calculated by means of a tight-binding approach, and how these properties change when 2nd-neighbour interactions and spin-orbit coupling are included. We explain how to determine whether or not the resulting electronic features have topological signatures by calculation of Chern numbers, Z2 invariants, and by the nanoribbon approach. This tutorial gives suggestions how such topological properties could be realized in explicit atomistic chemical 2D systems made of molecular frameworks, in particular in 2D polymers, where the edges and vertices of a given 2D net are substituted by properly selected molecular building blocks and stitched together in such a way that long-range π-conjugation is retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Springer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. and Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tsai-Jung Liu
- Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Heine
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. and Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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23
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Schaub TA, Padberg K, Kivala M. Bridged triarylboranes, ‐silanes, ‐amines, and ‐phosphines as minimalistic heteroatom‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Progress and challenges. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kevin Padberg
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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24
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Dai J, Zhao W, Xing L, Shang J, Ju H, Zhou X, Liu J, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Wu K. Dechlorinated Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides on Ag(111): A Combined STM and XPS Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2367-2375. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Dai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Shang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Department of ElectronicsPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
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25
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Li Q, Zhang X, Cao Y, Shi C, Tao P, Zhao Q, Yuan A. An oxygen-bridged triarylamine polycyclic unit based tris-cyclometalated heteroleptic iridium(iii) complex: correlation between the structure and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4596-4601. [PMID: 30888006 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxygen-bridged triarylamine polycyclic unit based tris-cyclometalated heteroleptic iridium(iii) complex (Ir-NO) has been designed and prepared. Similar iridium(iii) complexes (Ir-N and Ir-O) have also been prepared for comparison. The single crystal structure indicates that the oxygen-bridged triarylamine polycyclic unit of Ir-NO shows certain planarity, resulting in obvious rigidity and interesting π-π stacking. Additionally, Ir-NO shows a larger redshift emission (586 nm) and a longer emission lifetime (628 ns) than Ir-N (525 nm, 344 ns) and Ir-O (543 nm, 436 ns), and the phosphorescence color can be tuned from green to orange. Electrochemical experiments and DFT calculations reveal that Ir-NO exhibits a high HOMO energy level and intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT) excited state properties, which is in contrast to the low HOMO energy level and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited state properties in Ir-N and Ir-O. This result can be attributed to the strong electron-donating ability of the unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China.
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26
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Hirai M, Tanaka N, Sakai M, Yamaguchi S. Structurally Constrained Boron-, Nitrogen-, Silicon-, and Phosphorus-Centered Polycyclic π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8291-8331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hirai
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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27
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Jing Y, Heine T. Two-Dimensional Kagome Lattices Made of Hetero Triangulenes Are Dirac Semimetals or Single-Band Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:743-747. [PMID: 30499300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we discuss, based on first-principles calculations, two-dimensional (2D) kagome lattices composed of polymerized heterotriangulene units, planar molecules with D3h point group containing a B, C, or N center atom and CH2, O, or CO bridges. We explore the design principles for a functional lattice made of 2D polymers, which involves control of π-conjugation and electronic structure of the knots. The former is achieved by the chemical potential of the bridge groups, while the latter is controlled by the heteroatom. The resulting 2D kagome polymers have a characteristic electronic structure with a Dirac band sandwiched by two flat bands and are either Dirac semimetals (C center), or single-band semiconductors-materials with either exclusively electrons (B center) or holes (N center) as charge carriers of very high mobility, reaching values of up to ∼8 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is comparable to crystalline silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jing
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Linnéstr. 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany.,TU Dresden , Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie , Bergstraße 66c , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Linnéstr. 2 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany.,TU Dresden , Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie , Bergstraße 66c , 01062 Dresden , Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Forschungsstelle Leipzig , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
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28
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Di Giovannantonio M, Contini G. Reversibility and intermediate steps as key tools for the growth of extended ordered polymers via on-surface synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:093001. [PMID: 29345628 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa8cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined polymerization is a bottom-up strategy to create one- and two-dimensional covalent organic nanostructures with a π-conjugated backbone, which are suitable to be employed in real-life electronic devices, due to their high mechanical resistance and electronic charge transport efficiency. This strategy makes it possible to change the properties of the final nanostructures by a careful choice of the monomer architecture (i.e. of its constituent atoms and their spatial arrangement). Several chemical reactions have been proven to form low-dimensional polymers on surfaces, exploiting a variety of precursors in combination with metal (e.g. Cu, Ag, Au) and insulating (e.g. NaCl, CaCO3) surfaces. One of the main challenges of such an approach is to obtain nanostructures with long-range order, to boost the conductance performances of these materials. Most of the exploited chemical reactions use irreversible coupling between the monomers and, as a consequence, the resulting structures often suffer from poor order and high defect density. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art surface-confined polymerization reactions, with particular attention paid to reversible coupling pathways and irreversible processes including intermediate states, which are key aspects to control to increase the order of the final nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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29
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Janica I, Patroniak V, Samorì P, Ciesielski A. Imine-Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self-Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:465-481. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Janica
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paolo Samorì
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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30
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Suzuki S, Tanaka N, Kozaki M, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Okada K. Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Trioxytriphenylamine Dimers in their Di(radical cationic) States. Chemistry 2017; 23:16014-16025. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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31
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Gliemann BD, Strauss V, Hitzenberger JF, Dral PO, Hampel F, Gisselbrecht JP, Drewello T, Thiel W, Guldi DM, Kivala M. Dithiafulvenyl-Extended N
-Heterotriangulenes and Their Interaction with C60
: Cooperative Fluorescence. Chemistry 2017; 23:12353-12362. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina D. Gliemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Chemie and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jakob F. Hitzenberger
- Department of Chemie and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Pavlo O. Dral
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Gisselbrecht
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide; Institut de Chimie-LC3-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S; Université de Strasbourg, 4; rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemie and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemie and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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32
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Yue JY, Markoulides M, Regan AC, Li SY, Chronakis N, Gourdon A, Chen T, Yan HJ, Wang D. Construction of 2D nanoporous networks by coupling on-surface dynamic imine chemistry and dipole-stabilized self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:428-431. [PMID: 27959371 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double-walled nanoporous networks based on the Schiff base reaction of nonplanar tripodic building blocks and subsequent dipole-directed self-assembly were fabricated on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at the gas-solid interface. This is the first example of nonplanar molecules exploited as precursors for a surface reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Marios Markoulides
- CEMES-CNRS, UP8011, BP 94347, Nanosciences Group, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrew C Regan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Chronakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, UP8011, BP 94347, Nanosciences Group, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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33
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Steiner C, Gebhardt J, Ammon M, Yang Z, Heidenreich A, Hammer N, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Hierarchical on-surface synthesis and electronic structure of carbonyl-functionalized one- and two-dimensional covalent nanoarchitectures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14765. [PMID: 28322232 PMCID: PMC5364392 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of nanostructures in a bottom-up approach from specific molecular precursors offers the opportunity to create tailored materials for applications in nanoelectronics. However, the formation of defect-free two-dimensional (2D) covalent networks remains a challenge, which makes it difficult to unveil their electronic structure. Here we report on the hierarchical on-surface synthesis of nearly defect-free 2D covalent architectures with carbonyl-functionalized pores on Au(111), which is investigated by low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. The carbonyl-bridged triphenylamine precursors form six-membered macrocycles and one-dimensional (1D) chains as intermediates in an Ullmann-type coupling reaction that are subsequently interlinked to 2D networks. The electronic band gap is narrowed when going from the monomer to 1D and 2D surface-confined π-conjugated organic polymers comprising the same building block. The significant drop of the electronic gap from the monomer to the polymer confirms an efficient conjugation along the triphenylamine units within the nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steiner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ammon
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zechao Yang
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Heidenreich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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34
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Wang S, Zhang C, Shu Y, Jiang S, Xia Q, Chen L, Jin S, Hussain I, Cooper AI, Tan B. Layered microporous polymers by solvent knitting method. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602610. [PMID: 28435866 PMCID: PMC5376128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, especially 2D organic nanomaterials with unprecedentedly diverse and controlled structure, have attracted decent scientific interest. Among the preparation strategies, the top-down approach is one of the considered low-cost and scalable strategies to obtain 2D organic nanomaterials. However, some factors of their layered counterparts limited the development and potential applications of 2D organic nanomaterials, such as type, stability, and strict synthetic conditions of layered counterparts. We report a class of layered solvent knitting hyper-cross-linked microporous polymers (SHCPs) prepared by improving Friedel-Crafts reaction and using dichloroalkane as an economical solvent, stable electrophilic reagent, and external cross-linker at low temperature, which could be used as layered counterparts to obtain previously unknown 2D SHCP nanosheets by method of ultrasonic-assisted solvent exfoliation. This efficient and low-cost strategy can produce previously unreported microporous organic polymers with layered structure and high surface area and gas storage capacity. The pore structure and surface area of these polymers can be controlled by tuning the chain length of the solvent, the molar ratio of AlCl3, and the size of monomers. Furthermore, we successfully obtain an unprecedentedly high-surface area HCP material (3002 m2 g-1), which shows decent gas storage capacity (4.82 mmol g-1 at 273 K and 1.00 bar for CO2; 12.40 mmol g-1 at 77.3 K and 1.13 bar for H2). This finding provides an opportunity for breaking the constraint of former knitting methods and opening up avenues for the design and synthesis of previously unknown layered HCP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Shu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shulan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Shangbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Lahore, Pakistan
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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Chen M, Shang J, Wang Y, Wu K, Kuttner J, Hilt G, Hieringer W, Gottfried JM. On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of Honeycombene Oligophenylene Macrocycles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:134-143. [PMID: 27983779 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the on-surface formation and characterization of [30]-honeycombene, a cyclotriacontaphenylene, which consists of 30 phenyl rings (C180H120) and has a diameter of 4.0 nm. This shape-persistent, conjugated, and unsubstituted hexagonal hydrocarbon macrocycle was obtained by solvent-free synthesis on a silver (111) single-crystal surface, making solubility-enhancing alkyl side groups unnecessary. Side products include strained macrocycles with square, pentagonal, and heptagonal shape. The molecules were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On the Ag(111) surface, the macrocycles act as molecular quantum corrals and lead to the confinement of surface-state electrons inside the central cavity. The energy of the confined surface state correlates with the size of the macrocycle and is well described by a particle-in-the-box model. Tunneling spectroscopy suggests conjugation within the planar rings and reveals influences of self-assembly on the electronic structure. While the adsorbed molecules appear to be approximately planar, the free molecules have nonplanar conformation, according to DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Julian Kuttner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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36
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Masoodi HR, Bagheri S, Ranjbar-Karimi R. Theoretical prediction of some novel nanotubes composed of macrocyclic structures: A DFT study. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Rahman MJ, Shimizu H, Hasegawa M, Iyoda M. Pentadecaphenylenes: synthesis, self-assembly and complexation with fullerene C60. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic pentadecaphenylene incorporates fullerene C60 in its cavity to afford fibrous 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 sandwich complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jalilur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Kitasato University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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38
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Zhang Z, Dou M, Liu H, Dai L, Wang F. A Facile Route to Bimetal and Nitrogen-Codoped 3D Porous Graphitic Carbon Networks for Efficient Oxygen Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4193-9. [PMID: 27389707 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bimetal nitrogen-doped carbon with both Fe and Co, derived from the pyrolysis carbon of iron and cobalt phthalocyanine-based conjugated polymer networks, possesses a few-layer graphene-like texture with hierarchical porosity in meso/micro multimodal pore size distribution. The novel electrocatalyst exhibits Pt-like catalytic activity and much higher catalytic durability for oxygen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liming Dai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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39
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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40
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Li Y, Xie G, Gong S, Wu K, Yang C. Dendronized delayed fluorescence emitters for non-doped, solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes with high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off simultaneously: two parallel emissive channels. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5441-5447. [PMID: 30034683 PMCID: PMC6021754 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbazole-dendronized TADF emitters enable non-doped, solution-processed OLEDs to achieve a high EQE of 13.8% and a low efficiency roll-off simultaneously.
We have developed two new carbazole-dendronized emitters based on a green emissive thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) core. Both dendrimers possess excellent thermal stability, good solution processability, and an obvious TADF feature. Non-doped OLEDs based on the emitters formed by a solution process exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.8%. Remarkably, the EQE remains as high as 13.3% at the high luminance of 1000 cd m–2. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the highest EQE values for dendrimer-based fluorescent OLEDs, which nearly harvest all of the generated excitons and exhibit a considerably low loss of EQE estimated from 1000 to 5000 cd m–2. Furthermore, we reveal a new emissive approach to utilize the excitons by a combination of both TADF and exciplex emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 430072 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 430072 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 430072 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Kailong Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 430072 , People's Republic of China .
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 430072 , People's Republic of China .
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41
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Liu Y, Singharoy A, Mayne CG, Sengupta A, Raghavachari K, Schulten K, Flood AH. Flexibility Coexists with Shape-Persistence in Cyanostar Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4843-4851. [PMID: 27014837 PMCID: PMC4957974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape-persistent macrocycles are attractive functional targets for synthesis, molecular recognition, and hierarchical self-assembly. Such macrocycles are noncollapsible and geometrically well-defined, and they are traditionally characterized by having repeat units and low conformational flexibility. Here, we find it necessary to refine these ideas in the face of highly flexible yet shape-persistent macrocycles. A molecule is shape-persistent if it has a small change in shape when perturbed by external stimuli (e.g., heat, light, and redox chemistry). In support of this idea, we provide the first examination of the relationships between a macrocycle's shape persistence, its conformational space, and the resulting functions. We do this with a star-shaped macrocycle called cyanostar that is flexible as well as being shape-persistent. We employed molecular dynamics (MD), density functional theory (DFT), and NMR experiments. Considering a thermal bath as a stimulus, we found a single macrocycle has 332 accessible conformers with olefins undergoing rapid interconversion by up-down and in-out motions on short time scales (0.2 ns). These many interconverting conformations classify single cyanostars as flexible. To determine and confirm that cyanostars are shape-persistent, we show that they have a high 87% shape similarity across these conformations. To further test the idea, we use the binding of diglyme to the single macrocycle as guest-induced stimulation. This guest has almost no effect on the conformational space. However, formation of a 2:1 sandwich complex involving two macrocycles enhances rigidity and dramatically shifts the conformer distribution toward perfect bowls. Overall, the present study expands the scope of shape-persistent macrocycles to include flexible macrocycles if, and only if, their conformers have similar shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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42
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Zhang J, Wang C, Long G, Aratani N, Yamada H, Zhang Q. Fusing N-heteroacene analogues into one "kinked" molecule with slipped two-dimensional ladder-like packing. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1309-1313. [PMID: 29910888 PMCID: PMC5975899 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03604f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unexpected "kinked" N-heteroacene with a slipped two-dimensional ladder-like packing feature is produced from the conventional condensation reaction. The as-obtained compound [2,2']bi(5,12-bis(TIPS)piperazin-3-one[2,3-b]phenazine) (2BPP) consists of two identical backbones (5,12-bis(TIPS)piperazin-3-one[2,3-b]phenazine), which are fused together through a C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond and two intramolecular H-bonds. A study on the charge carrier transport indicates that a 2BPP single crystal has a hole mobility up to 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1, while theoretical calculations suggest that this compound might possess potential well-balanced ambipolar charge-transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 639798 , Singapore .
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 639798 , Singapore .
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 639798 , Singapore .
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 639798 , Singapore .
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 637371 , Singapore
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43
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Yagmurcukardes M, Horzum S, Torun E, Peeters FM, Tugrul Senger R. Nitrogenated, phosphorated and arsenicated monolayer holey graphenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3144-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of holey monolayer C2X (X: N, P or As) crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyda Horzum
- Department of Physics
- University of Antwerp
- 2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
- Department of Engineering Physics
| | - Engin Torun
- Department of Physics
- University of Antwerp
- 2020 Antwerp
- Belgium
| | | | - R. Tugrul Senger
- Department of Physics
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- 35430 Izmir
- Turkey
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44
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Meinhardt U, Lodermeyer F, Schaub TA, Kunzmann A, Dral PO, Sale AC, Hampel F, Guldi DM, Costa RD, Kivala M. N-Heterotriangulene chromophores with 4-pyridyl anchors for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-heterotriangulenes decorated with 4-pyridyl anchors were synthesized and their performance in n-type TiO2- and ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Meinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Fabian Lodermeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Pavlo O. Dral
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Anna Chiara Sale
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Ruben D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
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45
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Abstract
The band structures of several conjugated 2D polymers are calculated through DFT and the influence of the polymer's repeat unit on its electronic structure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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46
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Müller K, Moreno-López JC, Gottardi S, Meinhardt U, Yildirim H, Kara A, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Cyano-Functionalized Triarylamines on Coinage Metal Surfaces: Interplay of Intermolecular and Molecule-Substrate Interactions. Chemistry 2015; 22:581-9. [PMID: 26636437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of cyano-functionalized triarylamine derivatives on Cu(111), Ag(111) and Au(111) was studied by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Different bonding motifs, such as antiparallel dipolar coupling, hydrogen bonding and metal coordination, were observed. Whereas on Ag(111) only one hexagonally close-packed pattern stabilized by hydrogen bonding is observed, on Au(111) two different partially porous phases are present at submonolayer coverage, stabilized by dipolar coupling, hydrogen bonding and metal coordination. In contrast to the self-assembly on Ag(111) and Au(111), for which large islands are formed, on Cu(111), only small patches of hexagonally close-packed networks stabilized by metal coordination and areas of disordered molecules are found. The significant variety in the molecular self-assembly of the cyano-functionalized triarylamine derivatives on these coinage metal surfaces is explained by differences in molecular mobility and the subtle interplay between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208. .,Current Address: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno-López
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208
| | - Stefano Gottardi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208
| | - Ute Meinhardt
- Chair of Organic Chemistry 1, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-8526865
| | - Handan Yildirim
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 (USA)
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 (USA)
| | - Milan Kivala
- Chair of Organic Chemistry 1, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-8526865.
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208.
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47
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Chen ZQ, Chen T, Liu JX, Zhang GF, Li C, Gong WL, Xiong ZJ, Xie NH, Tang BZ, Zhu MQ. Geminal Cross-Coupling of 1,1-Dibromoolefins Facilitating Multiple Topological π-Conjugated Tetraarylethenes. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qiang Chen
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guo-Feng Zhang
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chong Li
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wen-Liang Gong
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zu-Jing Xiong
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Nuo-Hua Xie
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhu
- Wuhan
National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic
Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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48
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Hammer N, Schaub TA, Meinhardt U, Kivala M. N-Heterotriangulenes: Fascinating Relatives of Triphenylamine. CHEM REC 2015. [PMID: 26223442 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl- and dimethylmethylene-bridged triphenylamines called N-heterotriangulenes are not only aesthetically pleasing π-conjugated scaffolds interesting on their own but also provide numerous possibilities for further synthetic modifications to serve as versatile precursors for the construction of functional organic molecules. In this Personal Account we give a historical synopsis depicting the long way from the initial synthesis of N-heterotriangulenes back in the 1970s to their derivatization followed by recent applications in organic electronics. As a part of our ongoing research on heteroatom-doped π-conjugated scaffolds we provide an overview of our synthetic efforts involving the N-heterotriangulene scaffolds and discuss the optoelectronic, redox, and self-assembly properties of the resulting molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hammer
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Meinhardt
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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50
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Yang H, Du Y, Wan S, Trahan GD, Jin Y, Zhang W. Mesoporous 2D covalent organic frameworks based on shape-persistent arylene-ethynylene macrocycles. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4049-4053. [PMID: 29218170 PMCID: PMC5707634 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks with high porosity and crystallinity have been synthesized, through macrocycle-to-framework strategy, using shape-persistent arylene-ethynylene macrocycles as the key components to control the topology and modulate the porosity.
Macrocycle-to-framework strategy was explored to prepare covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using shape-persistent macrocycles as multitopic building blocks. We demonstrate well-ordered mesoporous 2D COFs (AEM–COF-1 and AEM–COF-2) can be constructed from tritopic arylene-ethynylene macrocycles, which determine the topology and modulate the porosity of the materials. According to PXRD analysis and computer modelling study, these COFs adopt the fully eclipsed AA stacking mode with large accessible pore sizes of 34 or 39 Å, which are in good agreement with the values calculated by NLDFT modelling of gas adsorption isotherms. The pore size of COFs can be effectively expanded by using larger size of the macrocycles. Provided a plethora of polygonal shape-persistent macrocycles with various size, shape and internal cavity, macrocycle-to-framework strategy opens up a promising approach to expand the structural diversity of COFs and build hierarchical pore structures within the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Ya Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Shun Wan
- Storagenergy Technologies, Inc. , Salt Lake City , UT 84120 , USA
| | - George Devon Trahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
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