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Maeda M, De Feyter S, Tahara K. Chiral Solvent-Induced Homochiral Hierarchical Molecular Assemblies at the Liquid/Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38982679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We herein investigate the formation of homochiral hierarchical self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) via chirality induction by the coadsorption of a chiral solvent at the liquid/graphite interface by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In a mixture of achiral solvents, 1-hexanoic acid, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, an achiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative with three alkoxy and three hydroxy groups in an alternating manner forms chiral hierarchical triangular cluster structures through dynamic self-sorting. Enantiomorphous domains appear in equal probability. On the other hand, in chiral 2-methyl-1-hexanoic acid as a solvent, this molecule produces (i) homochiral small triangular clusters at a low solute concentration, (ii) a chirality-biased hierarchical structure consisting of triangular cluster structures with different cluster sizes at a medium concentration, and (iii) a dense structure with no chirality bias at a high concentration. We attribute the concentration-dependent degree of the chirality transmission to the number of coadsorbed solvent molecules in the SAMNs and to the difference in nucleus structure and size in the initial stage of the SAMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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2
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Rinkovec T, Kalebic D, Dehaen W, Whitelam S, Harvey JN, De Feyter S. On the origin of cooperativity effects in the formation of self-assembled molecular networks at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6076-6087. [PMID: 38665531 PMCID: PMC11041291 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigate the behaviour of molecules at the nanoscale using scanning tunnelling microscopy in order to explore the origin of the cooperativity in the formation of self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) at the liquid/solid interface. By studying concentration dependence of alkoxylated dimethylbenzene, a molecular analogue to 5-alkoxylated isophthalic derivatives, but without hydrogen bonding moieties, we show that the cooperativity effect can be experimentally evaluated even for low-interacting systems and that the cooperativity in SAMN formation is its fundamental trait. We conclude that cooperativity must be a local effect and use the nearest-neighbor Ising model to reproduce the coverage vs. concentration curves. The Ising model offers a direct link between statistical thermodynamics and experimental parameters, making it a valuable tool for assessing the thermodynamics of SAMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rinkovec
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Demian Kalebic
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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3
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Zhao X, Miao X. Surface-supported metal-organic frameworks with geometric topological diversity via scanning tunneling microscopy. iScience 2024; 27:109392. [PMID: 38500826 PMCID: PMC10946334 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-supported metal-organic frameworks (SMOFs) are long-range ordered periodic 2D lattice layers formed by inorganic metal nodes and organic ligands via coordination bonds on substrate surfaces. The atomic resolution STM lays a solid foundation for the conception and construction of SMOFs with large area, stable structure, and special function. In this review, the cutting-edge research of SMOFs from design strategy, preparation process, and how to accurately achieve structural and functional diversity are reviewed. Furthermore, we focus on the design and construction of novel and fascinating periodic and fractal structures, in which some typical honeycomb structures, Kagome lattice, hexagonal geometry, and Sierpiński triangles are summarized, and the related prospects for designing functional nanoscale systems and architectures are prospected. Finally, the challenges faced in the design and synthesis of SMOFs are denoted, and the application prospect and development trend of SMOFs are forecasted based on the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Zhang S, Chen S, Ma T, Zou H, Li B, Miao X, Cheng X, Deng W. Terminal Group Effect on Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Fluorenone-Based Liquid Crystals at the Solid/Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1902-1908. [PMID: 38194665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Self-assemblies of two fluorenone-based derivatives (FE and FEC) consisting of a central 2,7-diphenyl-9-fluorenone polar moiety but differing in the flexible terminal groups were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the 1-octanoic acid/HOPG interface under different concentrations and density functional theory calculation (DFT). STM results reveal a concentration-dependent polymorphic self-assembly behavior for FE, but without the presence of co-adsorbed solvents. As the concentration decreases, the dimer, bracket-like, and ribbon-like self-assembled structures were observed. On the contrary, FEC molecules assemble into only a type of oval-shaped morphology by the intermolecular N···H-O hydrogen bonds with the solvent molecules. Combined with DFT calculations, it can be deduced that the intermolecular van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding are the main driving forces to stabilize the molecular packing of fluorenone-based polycatenars with strong polarity. Our work is of significance at the molecular level to further clarify the intermolecular interactions and conformational effects on the formation of molecular packing structures with liquid crystal property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengqi Zou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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5
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Li Z, Li Y, Yin C. Manipulating Molecular Self-Assembly Process at the Solid-Liquid Interface Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4176. [PMID: 37896420 PMCID: PMC10610993 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of ordered self-assembly on solid substrates is a topic of interest in both fundamental surface science research and its applications in nanotechnology. The regulation and control of two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled supra-molecular structures on surfaces have been realized through applying external stimuli. By utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), researchers can investigate the detailed phase transition process of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), providing insight into the interplay between intermolecular weak interactions and substrate-molecule interactions, which govern the formation of molecular self-assembly. This review will discuss the structural transition of self-assembly probed by STM in response to external stimuli and provide state-of-the-art methods such as tip-induced confinement for the alignment of SAM domains and selective chirality. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field of self-assembly and STM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Chengjie Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
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6
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Arjariya R, Kaur G, Sen S, Verma S, Lackinger M, Gopakumar TG. Kinetic versus thermodynamic polymorph stabilization of a tri-carboxylic acid derivative at the solid-liquid interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13393-13401. [PMID: 37539991 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylic acid moiety gives rise to structural variability in surface-supported self-assembly due to the common expression of various H-bonding motifs. Self-assembly of 3-fold symmetric tricarboxylic acid derivatives on surfaces typically results in monolayer structures that feature the common 2-fold cyclic R22(8) H-bond motif for at least one of the carboxylic acid groups. Polymorphs that are exclusively based on 3-fold cyclic R33(12) H-bonds were predicted but remained elusive. Here, we show the emergence of such a superflower (SF) structure purely based on R33(12) H-bonds for L-benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl phenylalanine (L-BTA), a molecule derived from the well-studied trimesic acid (TMA). In contrast to TMA, L-BTA is not completely planar and is also equipped with additional functional groups for the formation of secondary intermolecular bonds. At the heptanoic acid-graphite interface we transiently observe a SF structure, which is dynamically converted into a chicken-wire structure that only exhibits R22(8) H-bonds. Interestingly, when using nonanoic acid as a solvent the initially formed SF structure remained stable. This unexpected behaviour is rationalized by accompanying force field simulations and experimental determination of solvent-dependent L-BTA solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arjariya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC-20059, USA
| | - Shantanu Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
- Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - Thiruvancheril G Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
- Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
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7
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Li C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Xue N, Li R, Zhong M, Wu T, Wang Y, Li N, Shen Z, Hou S, Berndt R, Wang Y, Gao S. Structure transformation from Sierpiński triangles to chains assisted by gas molecules. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad088. [PMID: 37564921 PMCID: PMC10411674 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible transformations between fractals and periodic structures are of fundamental importance for understanding the formation mechanism of fractals. Currently, it is still a challenge to controllably achieve such a transformation. We investigate the effect of CO and CO2 molecules on Sierpiński triangles (STs) assembled from Fe atoms and 4,4″-dicyano-1,1':3',1″-terphenyl (C3PC) molecules on Au surfaces. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we discover that the gas molecules induce a transition from STs into 1D chains. Based on density functional theory modeling, we propose that the atomistic mechanism involves the transformation of a stable 3-fold coordination Fe(C3PC)3 motif to Fe(C3PC)4 with an axially bonded CO molecule. CO2 causes the structural transformation through a molecular catassembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Zhen Xu
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Na Xue
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm Infants, the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Ruoning Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingjun Zhong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Na Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyong Shen
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
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8
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He S, Jiang Z, Dou X, Gao L, Feng C. Chiral Supramolecular Assemblies: Controllable Construction and Biological Activity. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300226. [PMID: 37438864 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral supramolecular assemblies with helical structures (e. g., proteins with α-helix, DNA with double helix, collagen with triple-helix) as the central structure motifs in biological systems play a crucial role in various physiological activities of living organisms. Variations in chiral structure can cause many abnormal physiological activities. To gain insight into the construction, structural transition, and related physiological functions of these complex helix in natural systems, it is necessary to fabricate artificial supramolecular assemblies with controllable helix orientation as research platform. This review discusses recent advances in chiral supramolecular assembly, including the precise construction and regulation of assembled chiral nanostructures with tunable chirality. Chiral structure-dependent biological activities, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, antibacterial activity and tissue regeneration, are also discussed. This review not only contributes to further understanding of the importance of chirality in the physiological environment, but also plays an important role in the development of chiral biomedical materials for the treatment of diseases (e. g., tissue engineering regeneration, stem cell transplantation therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia He
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zichao Jiang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dou
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Laiben Gao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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9
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Yamagata K, Maeda M, Tessari Z, Mali KS, Tobe Y, De Feyter S, Tahara K. Solvent Mediated Nanoscale Quasi-Periodic Chirality Reversal in Self-Assembled Molecular Networks Featuring Mirror Twin Boundaries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207209. [PMID: 36683210 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grain boundaries in polycrystals have a prominent impact on the properties of a material, therefore stimulating the research on grain boundary engineering. Structure determination of grain boundaries of molecule-based polycrystals with submolecular resolution remains elusive. Reducing the complexity to monolayers has the potential to simplify grain boundary engineering and may offer real-space imaging with submolecular resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Herein, the authors report the observation of quasi-periodic nanoscale chirality switching in self-assembled molecular networks, in combination with twinning, as revealed by STM at the liquid/solid interface. The width of the chiral domain structure peaks at 12-19 nm. Adjacent domains having opposite chirality are connected continuously through interdigitated alkoxy chains forming a 1D defect-free domain border, reflecting a mirror twin boundary. Solvent co-adsorption and the inherent conformational adaptability of the alkoxy chains turn out to be crucial factors in shaping grain boundaries. Moreover, the epitaxial interaction with the substrate plays a role in the nanoscale chirality reversal as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yamagata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Zeno Tessari
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30030, Taiwan
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
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10
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Fang Y, Ivasenko O, Sanz-Matias A, Mali KS, Tahara K, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Spontaneous and scanning-assisted desorption-adsorption dynamics in porous supramolecular networks at the solution-solid interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4301-4308. [PMID: 36756798 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) are formed by the spontaneous assembly of molecules on surfaces. On conductive atomically flat surfaces, and also at the liquid-solid interface, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can follow their growth dynamics. Desorption and adsorption dynamics are difficult to probe through the liquid-solid interface. Porous molecular networks are of particular interest because they may act as platforms for sensing and host-guest chemistry. Very little is known though about their stability, particularly in a liquid environment. To this end, we have investigated the desorption/adsorption dynamics of supramolecular porous monolayers of alkoxylated dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives at the interface between highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, the substrate, and 1-phenyloctane, the liquid. To trace the dynamics, structurally analogous chiral DBA derivatives were used as marker molecules, which co-assemble with the achiral ones forming the supramolecular network. This approach reveals the time scales of the adsorption/desorption dynamics, the significance of temperature, and the important role of the STM tip in inducing dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ana Sanz-Matias
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30030, Taiwan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Sahare S, Ghoderao P, Chan Y, Lee SL. Surface supramolecular assemblies tailored by chemical/physical and synergistic stimuli: a scanning tunneling microscopy study. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1981-2002. [PMID: 36515142 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assemblies formed by various non-covalent interactions can produce diverse functional networks on solid surfaces. These networks have recently attracted much interest from both fundamental and application points of view. Unlike covalent organic frameworks (COFs), the properties of the assemblies differ from each other depending on the constituent motifs. These various motifs may find diverse applications such as in crystal engineering, surface modification, and molecular electronics. Significantly, these interactions between/among the molecular tectonics are relatively weak and reversible, which makes them responsive to external stimuli. Moreover, for a liquid-solid-interface environment, the dynamic processes are amenable to in situ observation using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In the literature, most review articles focus on supramolecular self-assembly interactions. This review summarizes the recent literature in which stimulation sources, including chemical, physical, and their combined stimuli, cooperatively tailor supramolecular assemblies on surfaces. The appropriate design and synthesis of functional molecules that can be integrated on different surfaces permits the use of nanostructured materials and devices for bottom-up nanotechnology. Finally, we discuss synergic effect on materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sahare
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Prachi Ghoderao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Yue Chan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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12
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Meng T, Lu Y, Lei P, Li S, Deng K, Xiao X, Ogino K, Zeng Q. Self-Assembly of Triphenylamine Macrocycles and Co-assembly with Guest Molecules at the Liquid-Solid Interface Studied by STM: Influence of Different Side Chains on Host-Guest Interaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3568-3574. [PMID: 35276043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The side chains of macrocyclic molecules have a non-negligible effect on the two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular networks at the liquid-solid interface. In this study, we investigate the self-assembly behaviors of two conjugated triphenylamine macrocycles modified with different alkyl chains and construct the host-guest supramolecular nanopatterns on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with a scanning tunneling microscope. In combination with density functional theory calculations, how different side chains affect the host-guest interaction is discussed. This work provides insights into constructing a 2D host-guest dynamic co-assembly on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yingbo Lu
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Geometric constraints of molecular self-assembly of normal alkanes on graphite. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Hu Y, Lee SL, Deng W. Odd-Even Effect on Supramolecular Co-Assemblies: Control over the Two-Dimensional Self-Assemblies of a Fluorenone Derivative with Asymmetrically Substituted Alkyl Chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1757-1765. [PMID: 35084866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of two-dimensional supramolecular co-assemblies presents a research topic related to advance nanotechnology. Here, we report a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the mixture behavior of three fluorenone derivatives at the liquid-solid interface. The target molecule is F-C12C13 whose structure bears asymmetrical alkyls, whereas the regulating molecules, either F-C12C12 or F-C13C13, are structurally symmetric. By STM imaging of systematic mixtures with various volumes among the sample solutions, we found that the mixing ratio mainly determined the binary outcomes. Compared with F-C12C12, F-C13C13 shows a stronger ability to dominate the patterning, explained by the larger binding and adsorption energies calculated by the force field simulations. Moreover, the odd-even effect exists in the system. Overall, we acquired knowledge about the regulating ability of bi-component supramolecular assembling, especially for structurally asymmetric molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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15
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Schwarcz D, Burov S. Self-assembly of two-dimensional, amorphous materials on a liquid substrate. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L022601. [PMID: 35291111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l022601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental utilization of liquid substrate in the production of two-dimensional crystals, such as graphene, together with a general interest in amorphous materials, raises the following question: is it beneficial to use a liquid substrate to optimize amorphous material production? Inspired by epitaxial growth, we use a two-dimensional coarse-grained model of interacting particles to show that introducing a motion for the substrate atoms improves the self-assembly process of particles that move on top of the substrate. We find that a specific amount of substrate liquidity (for a given sample temperature) is needed to achieve optimal self-assembly. Our results illustrate the opportunities that the combination of different degrees of freedom provides to the self-assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Schwarcz
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Stanislav Burov
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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16
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Boosting the electronic and catalytic properties of 2D semiconductors with supramolecular 2D hydrogen-bonded superlattices. Nat Commun 2022; 13:510. [PMID: 35082288 PMCID: PMC8791956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of two-dimensional semiconductors can be strongly modulated by interfacing them with atomically precise self-assembled molecular lattices, yielding hybrid van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). While proof-of-concepts exploited molecular assemblies held together by lateral unspecific van der Waals interactions, the use of 2D supramolecular networks relying on specific non-covalent forces is still unexplored. Herein, prototypical hydrogen-bonded 2D networks of cyanuric acid (CA) and melamine (M) are self-assembled onto MoS2 and WSe2 forming hybrid organic/inorganic vdWHs. The charge carrier density of monolayer MoS2 exhibits an exponential increase with the decreasing area occupied by the CA·M unit cell, in a cooperatively amplified process, reaching 2.7 × 1013 cm−2 and thereby demonstrating strong n-doping. When the 2D CA·M network is used as buffer layer, a stark enhancement in the catalytic activity of monolayer MoS2 for hydrogen evolution reactions is observed, outperforming the platinum (Pt) catalyst via gate modulation. Here, the authors report the functionalization of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with hydrogen-bonded 2D supramolecular networks of cyanuric acid and melamine, leading to a pronounced n-doping effect and enhancement of MoS2 catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions.
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17
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Cui D, Liu CH, Rosei F, Perepichka DF. Bidirectional Phase Transformation of Supramolecular Networks Using Two Molecular Signals. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1560-1566. [PMID: 35014801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reversible control of molecular self-assembly is omnipresent in adaptive biological systems, yet its realization in artificial systems remains a major challenge. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we show that a 2D supramolecular network formed by terthienobenzenetricarboxylic acid (TTBTA) can undergo a reversible structural transition between a porous and dense phase in response to different molecular signals (trimethyltripyrazolotriazine (TMTPT) and C60). TMTPT molecules can induce a phase transition from the TTBTA honeycomb to the dense phase, whereas a reverse transition can be triggered by introducing C60 molecules. This response stems from the selective association between signal molecules and TTBTA polymorphs. The successful realization of reversible molecular transformation represents important progress in controlling supramolecular surface nanostructures and could be potentially applicable in various areas of nanotechnology, including phase control, molecular sensing, and "smart" switchable surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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18
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Koshti B, Kshtriya V, Naskar S, Narode H, Gour N. Controlled aggregation properties of single amino acids modified with protecting groups. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembling properties of single amino acids modified with protecting groups under controlled conditions of temperature and concentration are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Koshti
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Vivekshinh Kshtriya
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Soumick Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Hanuman Narode
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Gour
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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19
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Velpula G, Martin C, Daelemans B, Hennrich G, Van der Auweraer M, Mali KS, De Feyter S. "Concentration-in-Control" self-assembly concept at the liquid-solid interface challenged. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13167-13176. [PMID: 34745548 PMCID: PMC8514005 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) on surfaces evoke a lot of interest, both from a fundamental as well as application point of view. When formed at the liquid–solid interface, precise control over different polymorphs can be achieved by simply adjusting the concentration of molecular building blocks in solution. Significant influence of solute concentration on self-assembly behavior has been observed, whether the self-assembly behavior is controlled by either van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding interactions. In both cases, high- and low-density supramolecular networks have been observed at high and low solute concentrations, respectively. In contrast to this “concentration-in-control” self-assembly concept here we report an atypical concentration dependent self-assembly behavior at a solution–solid interface. At the interface between heptanoic acid (HA) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), we show, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the formation of a low-density porous network at high solute concentrations, and a high-density compact network at low solute concentrations. This intriguing inverse concentration dependent self-assembly behavior has been attributed to the preaggregation of solute molecules in the heptanoic acid solution as revealed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The observed results have been correlated to the molecular density of self-assembled monolayers attained at the HA/HOPG interface. Surprise! against expectations, increasing (decreasing) the solute concentration leads to the formation of a low-density (high-density) self-assembled molecular network at the liquid–solid interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Cristina Martin
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium .,Unidad NanoCRIB, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas Albacete-02071 Spain
| | - Brent Daelemans
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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20
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Qiu S, Li Y, Xu S, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Li W. Temperature-Induced Structural Phase Transitions in Self-Assembled Hydrogen Bonded Networks at the Liquid/Solid Interface. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421090247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Bragança AM, Minoia A, Steeno R, Seibel J, Hirsch BE, Verstraete L, Ivasenko O, Müllen K, Mali KS, Lazzaroni R, De Feyter S. Detection and Stabilization of a Previously Unknown Two-Dimensional (Pseudo)polymorph using Lateral Nanoconfinement. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11080-11087. [PMID: 34283574 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the detection and stabilization of a previously unknown two-dimensional (2D) pseudopolymorph of an alkoxy isophthalic acid using lateral nanoconfinement. The self-assembled molecular networks formed by the isophthalic acid derivative were studied at the interface between covalently modified graphite and an organic solvent. When self-assembled on graphite with moderate surface coverage of covalently bound aryl groups, a previously unknown metastable pseudopolymorph was detected. This pseudopolymorph, which was presumably "trapped" in between the surface bound aryl groups, underwent a time-dependent phase transition to the stable polymorph typically observed on pristine graphite. The stabilization of the pseudopolymorph was then achieved by using an alternative nanoconfinement strategy, where the domains of the pseudopolymorph could be formed and stabilized by restricting the self-assembly in nanometer-sized shallow compartments produced by STM-based nanolithography carried out on a graphite surface with a high density of covalently bound aryl groups. These experimental results are supported by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations, which not only provide important insight into the relative stabilities of the different structures, but also shed light onto the mechanism of the formation and stabilization of the pseudopolymorph under nanoscopic lateral confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bragança
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roelof Steeno
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Seibel
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brandon E Hirsch
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander Verstraete
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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23
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Tobe Y, Tahara K, De Feyter S. Chirality in porous self-assembled monolayer networks at liquid/solid interfaces: induction, reversion, recognition and transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:962-977. [PMID: 33432944 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chirality in two dimensions (2D) has attracted increasing attention with regard to interesting fundamental aspects as well as potential applications. This article reports several aspects of supramolecular chirality control as exemplified by self-assembled monolayer networks (SAMNs) formed by a class of chiral building blocks consisting of a triangular conjugated core and alkoxy chains on the periphery. It highlights 2D chirality induction phenomena through a classic "sergeants-and-soldiers" mechanism, in which the inducer is incorporated into a network component, as well as through a "supramolecular host-guest" mechanism, in which the inducer is entrapped in the porous space, leading to counterintuitive chirality reversal. Stereochemical control can be extended to three dimensions too, based on interlayer hydrogen bonding of the same class of building blocks bearing hydroxy groups, exhibiting diastereospecific bilayer formation at both single molecule level and supramolecular level arising from orientation between the top and bottom layers. Finally, we showcase that homochiral SAMNs can also be used as templates for the grafting of in situ generated aryl radicals, by covalent bond formation to the basal graphitic surface, thereby yielding topologically chiral functionalized graphite, and thus extending the potential of chiral SAMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Li W, Xu S, Chen X, Xu C. Structural transformations of carboxyl acids networks induced by concentration and oriented external electric field. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Ustinov E. Thermodynamics, EOS, and heat capacity in molecular modeling of self-assembled molecular layers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:204105. [PMID: 33261477 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on solid surfaces represent a rapidly developed class of non-autonomous phases widely used in organic electronics, sensors, catalysis, and other applications. In many cases, the same organic molecules form various stable and metastable polymorphous structures that can transform to each other at certain parameters. A high rigidity of SAMs extremely complicates the evaluation of the chemical potential using standard methods based on thermodynamic integration. This study presents results of molecular modeling of two-dimensional structures of tripod-shaped molecules associated with the trimesic acid (TMA) molecules. A technique used here is based on a recently developed method of external fields imposed on an elongated simulation cell in the framework of a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. These fields are the external potential and a damping field that reduces the intermolecular potential and affects the system similar to the increase in temperature. Equations of state (EOS) for several TMA polymorphs have been obtained with the conventional Monte Carlo simulation. It was shown that, in each case, only one constant links the chemical potential obtained with the external field method and the EOS at any temperature and pressure. The heat capacities of SAMs at constant volume and pressure were also determined as functions of temperature and compressibility of the structure at given degrees of freedom. The approach can be used as a general tool for modeling and evaluation of thermodynamic properties of various rigid structures, including SAMs of functional organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Ustinov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
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26
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Ochs O, Martsinovich N, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Quantifying the Ultraslow Desorption Kinetics of 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid Monolayers at Liquid-Solid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7320-7326. [PMID: 32787298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic effects in monolayer self-assembly at liquid-solid interfaces are not well explored but can provide unique insights. We use variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to quantify the desorption kinetics of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDA) monolayers at nonanoic acid-graphite interfaces. Quantitative tracking of the decline of molecular coverages by STM between 57.5 and 65.0 °C unveiled single-exponential decays over the course of days. An Arrhenius plot of rate constants derived from fits results in a surprisingly high energy barrier of 208 kJ mol-1 that strongly contrasts with the desorption energy of 16.4 kJ mol-1 with respect to solution as determined from a Born-Haber cycle. This vast discrepancy indicates a high-energy transition state. Expanding these studies to further systems is the key to pinpointing the molecular origin of the remarkably large NDA desorption barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ochs
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
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27
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Reynaerts R, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1291-1302. [PMID: 32953373 PMCID: PMC7476593 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural polymorphism is ubiquitous in physisorbed self-assembled monolayers formed at the solution-solid interface. One of the ways to influence network formation at this interface is to physically decouple the self-assembled monolayer from the underlying substrate thereby removing the influence of the substrate lattice, if any. Here we show a systematic exploration of self-assembly of a typical building block, namely 4-tetradecyloxybenzoic acid at the 1-phenyloctane-graphite interface in the presence and in the absence of a buffer layer formed by a long chain alkane, namely n-pentacontane. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), three different structural polymorphs were identified for 4-tetradecyloxybenzoic acid at the 1-phenyloctane-graphite interface. Surprisingly, the same three structures were formed on top of the buffer layer, albeit at different concentrations. Systematic variation of experimental parameters did not lead to any new network in the presence of the buffer layer. We discovered that the self-assembly on top of the buffer layer allows better control over the nanoscale manipulation of the self-assembled networks. Using the influence of the STM tip, we could initiate the nucleation of small isolated domains of the benzoic acid on-command in a reproducible fashion. Such controlled nucleation experiments hold promise for studying fundamental processes inherent to the assembly process on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Reynaerts
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Maeda M, Nakayama R, De Feyter S, Tobe Y, Tahara K. Hierarchical two-dimensional molecular assembly through dynamic combination of conformational states at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9254-9261. [PMID: 34094197 PMCID: PMC8162029 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-sorting of multiple building blocks for correctly positioning molecules through orthogonal recognition is a promising strategy for construction of a hierarchical self-assembled molecular network (SAMN) on a surface. Herein we report that a trigonal molecule, dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative having three tetradecyloxy chains and three hydroxy groups in an alternating manner, forms hierarchical triangular clusters of different sizes ranging from 2.4 to 16.4 nm, consisting of 3 to 78 molecules, respectively, at the liquid/graphite interface. The key is the dynamic combination of three different conformational states, which is solvent and concentration dependent. The present knowledge extends design strategies for production of sophisticated hierarchical SAMNs using a single component at the liquid/solid interface. Self-sorting of multiple building blocks for correctly positioning molecules through orthogonal recognition is a promising strategy for construction of a hierarchical self-assembled molecular network (SAMN) on a surface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan .,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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Procházka P, Gosalvez MA, Kormoš L, de la Torre B, Gallardo A, Alberdi-Rodriguez J, Chutora T, Makoveev AO, Shahsavar A, Arnau A, Jelínek P, Čechal J. Multiscale Analysis of Phase Transformations in Self-Assembled Layers of 4,4'-Biphenyl Dicarboxylic Acid on the Ag(001) Surface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7269-7279. [PMID: 32413259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nucleation and growth kinetics of thin films is a prerequisite for their large-scale utilization in devices. For self-assembled molecular phases near thermodynamic equilibrium the nucleation-growth kinetic models are still not developed. Here, we employ real-time low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) to visualize a phase transformation induced by the carboxylation of 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid on Ag(001) under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The initial (α) and transformed (β) molecular phases are characterized in detail by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, single-domain low-energy electron diffraction, room-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The phase transformation is shown to exhibit a rich variety of phenomena, including Ostwald ripening of the α domains, burst nucleation of the β domains outside the α phase, remote dissolution of the α domains by nearby β domains, and a structural change from disorder to order. We show that all phenomena are well described by a general growth-conversion-growth (GCG) model. Here, the two-dimensional gas of admolecules has a dual role: it mediates mass transport between the molecular islands and hosts a slow deprotonation reaction. Further, we conclude that burst nucleation is consistent with a combination of rather weak intermolecular bonding and the onset of an additional weak many-body attractive interaction when a molecule is surrounded by its nearest neighbors. In addition, we conclude that Ostwald ripening and remote dissolution are essentially the same phenomenon, where a more stable structure grows at the expense of a kinetically formed, less stable entity via transport through the 2D gas. The proposed GCG model is validated through kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Procházka
- CEITEC, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel A Gosalvez
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-Materials Physics Center MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lukáš Kormoš
- CEITEC, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aurelio Gallardo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joseba Alberdi-Rodriguez
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-Materials Physics Center MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Taras Chutora
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anton O Makoveev
- CEITEC, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Azin Shahsavar
- CEITEC, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Arnau
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-Materials Physics Center MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čechal
- CEITEC, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Li S, Duan S, Zha Z, Pan J, Sun L, Liu M, Deng K, Xu X, Qiu X. Structural Phase Transitions of Molecular Self-Assembly Driven by Nonbonded Metal Adatoms. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6331-6338. [PMID: 32396329 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of metal atoms in molecular assemblies has enriched the structural and functional diversity of two-dimensional supramolecular networks, where metal atoms are incorporated into the architecture via coordination or ionic bonding. Here we present a temperature-variable study of the self-assembly of the 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TriBB) molecule on Cu(111) that reveals the involvement of nonbonded adatoms in the molecular matrix. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate the molecular-level details of a phase transition of TriBB assembly from the close-packed to porous honeycomb structures at 78 K. This is an unexpected transformation because the close-packed phase is thermodynamically favored in view of its higher molecular density and more intermolecular bonds as compared to the honeycomb lattice. A comprehensive density functional theory calculation suggests that Cu adatoms should be involved in the formation of the honeycomb network, where the Cu adatoms help stabilize the molecular assembly via enhanced van der Waals interactions between TriBB molecules and the underlying substrate. Both calculation and experimental results suggest no chemical bonding or direct charge transfer between the adatoms and the molecules, thus the electronic characteristics of the Cu adatoms trapped in the molecular confinement are close to the intrinsic ones on a clean metal surface and different from those in the traditional coordination-bonded framework. The nonbonded metal adatoms embedded self-assemblies may complement the metal-organic coordination system and can be used to tailor the chemical reactivity and electronic properties of supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P.R. China
| | - Sai Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zeqi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Luye Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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31
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Deng C, Liu Z, Ma C, Zhang H, Chi L. Dynamic Supramolecular Template: Multiple Stimuli-Controlled Size Adjustment of Porous Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5510-5516. [PMID: 32356994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically switchable porous networks offer exciting potential in functionalizing surfaces. The structure and morphology of the networks can be controlled by applying external stimuli. Here, a dynamic supramolecular template assembled by 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) is successfully achieved at the liquid-solid interface by applying two external stimuli simultaneously. Upon varying the concentration of BTB solution together with switching the polarity of the sample bias, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) undergo phase transitions twice: an immediate transition from a compact structure to a macroporous (honeycomb) structure as a response to the change in the electric field and a fast-changing transition from the macroporous to a microporous (oblique) structure. With saturated BTB solution, however, the initial compact structure can only transform into the oblique structure after switching the polarity of the sample bias without the appearance of a honeycomb structure. The different phase transitions suggest that the dynamic supramolecular template can only survive at a specific concentration range and is obtainable by performing multiple stimuli simultaneously. Interestingly, introducing a guest molecule to the system can adjust the phase transition process and effectively stabilize the honeycomb structure of BTB. The flexibility associated with the porous networks renders it a dynamic supramolecular template for guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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32
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Anzai M, Iyoda M, De Feyter S, Tobe Y, Tahara K. Trapping a pentagonal molecule in a self-assembled molecular network: an alkoxylated isosceles triangular molecule does the job. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5401-5404. [PMID: 32286587 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a unique example of on-surface adaptive self-assembly. A pentagon-shaped macrocycle, cyclic [5]meta-phenyleneacetylene [5]CMPA, is trapped by the adaptive supramolecular network formed by an isosceles triangular molecule, alkoxy substituted dehydrobenzo[14]annulene [14]ISODBA at the liquid/graphite interface, leading to a highly ordered and large-area bicomponent self-assembled molecular network (SAMN), as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Anzai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30030, Taiwan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
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33
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Tahara K, Kubo Y, Hashimoto S, Ishikawa T, Kaneko H, Brown A, Hirsch BE, Feyter SD, Tobe Y. Porous Self-Assembled Molecular Networks as Templates for Chiral-Position-Controlled Chemical Functionalization of Graphitic Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7699-7708. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Anton Brown
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brandon E. Hirsch
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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34
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Tobe Y. A Lucky Encounter that Triggered a Leap. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Tobe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
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35
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Peng X, Zhao F, Peng Y, Li J, Zeng Q. Dynamic surface-assisted assembly behaviours mediated by external stimuli. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:54-63. [PMID: 31712788 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly behaviors on solid substrates have been widely investigated in the last few decades. Owing to the complexity of interfacial assembly systems, the precise regulation of supramolecular nanostructures is still challenging and waits to be solved. The supramolecular nanostructures are governed by non-covalent bonds, so they can be disrupted and influenced by an external environment. In this review, the dynamic supramolecular nanostructures that are mediated by external stimuli containing guest species, light irradiation, temperature and electric field are discussed in detail. The research studies mentioned in this article are all accomplished by STM, and the effects of these external stimuli on the assembled nanostructures have been elucidated exhaustively here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengying Zhao
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Advances in self-assembly and regulation of aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives at HOPG interface. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Imen H, Xiaonan S, Denis F, Frédéric L, Jean-Christophe L. Multi-functional switches of ditopic ligands with azobenzene central bridges at a molecular scale. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23042-23048. [PMID: 31774086 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ligands are designed to have ditopic bipyridine terminal groups linked through photochromic azobenzene central units, which exhibit multi-switchable properties by different external stimuli. The molecule can switch between cis-and trans-conformations at their bipyridine terminal groups upon protonation and at their central azobenzene units upon irradiation of photons. As a result, the system shows four different isomeric states: cis-TRANS, trans-TRANS, cis-CIS and trans-CIS. The four conformers are switched and are visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface, which gives a direct demonstration of the multi-functional switches at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnid Imen
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Sun Xiaonan
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Frath Denis
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France. and Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342, Lyon, France
| | - Lafolet Frédéric
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
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38
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Carloni LE, Bezzu CG, Bonifazi D. Patterning Porous Networks through Self-Assembly of Programmed Biomacromolecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:16179-16200. [PMID: 31491049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous networks are of great interest for the fabrication of complex organized functional materials for potential applications in nanotechnologies and nanoelectronics. This review aims at providing an overview of bottom-up approaches towards the engineering of 2D porous networks by using biomacromolecules, with a particular focus on nucleic acids and proteins. The first part illustrates how the advancements in DNA nanotechnology allowed for the attainment of complex ordered porous two-dimensional DNA nanostructures, thanks to a biomimetic approach based on DNA molecules self-assembly through specific hydrogen-bond base pairing. The second part focuses the attention on how polypeptides and proteins structural properties could be used to engineer organized networks templating the formation of multifunctional materials. The structural organization of all examples is discussed as revealed by scanning probe microscopy or transmission electron microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elie Carloni
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - C Grazia Bezzu
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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39
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St John A, Roth MW, Firlej L, Kuchta B, Charra F, Wexler C. Computer modeling of 2D supramolecular nanoporous monolayers self-assembled on graphite. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21284-21290. [PMID: 31667485 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nano-porous two-dimensional molecular crystals, self-assembled on atomically flat host surfaces offer a broad range of possible applications, from molecular electronics to future nano-machines. Computer-assisted designing of such complex structures requires numerically intensive modeling methods. Here we present the results of extensive, fully atomistic simulations of self-assembled monolayers of interdigitated molecules of 1,3,5-tristyrilbenzene substituted by C6 alkoxy peripheral chains (TSB3,5-C6), deposited onto highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite. Structural and electronic properties of the TSB3,5-C6 molecules were determined from ab initio calculations, then used in Molecular Dynamics simulations to analyze the mechanism of formation, epitaxy, and stability of the TSB3,5-C6 nanoporous superlattice. We show that the monolayer disordering results from the competition between flexibility of the C6 chains and their stabilization by interdigitation. The inclusion of guest molecules (benzene and pyrene) into superlattice nanopores stabilizes the monolayer. The alkoxy chain mobility and available pore space defines the systems dynamics, essential for potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander St John
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Michael W Roth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. and Physics Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA 50436, USA
| | - Lucyna Firlej
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. and Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bogdan Kuchta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. and Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland and Laboratoire MADRIEL, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (SPEC), CEA CNRS UMR-3680, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carlos Wexler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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40
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De Marchi F, Galeotti G, Simenas M, Gallagher MC, Hamzehpoor E, MacLean O, Rao RM, Chen Y, Dettmann D, Contini G, Tornau EE, Ebrahimi M, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Temperature-induced molecular reorganization on Au(111) driven by oligomeric defects. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19468-19476. [PMID: 31535121 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of ordered molecular structures on surfaces is determined by the balance between molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions. Whether the aggregation process is guided by non-covalent forces or on-surface reactions, a deeper understanding of these interactions is pivotal to formulating a priori predictions of the final structural features and the development of bottom-up fabrication protocols. Theoretical models of molecular systems corroborate the information gathered through experimental observations and help explain the thermodynamic factors that underpin on-surface phase transitions. Here, we report a scanning tunneling microscopy investigation of a tribromo-substituted heterotriangulene on the Au(111) surface, which initially forms an extended close-packed ordered structure stabilized by BrBr halogen bonds when deposited at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that annealing the self-assembled layer induces a fraction of the molecular precursors to partially dehalogenate that in turn leads to the formation of a less stable BrO non-covalent network which coexists with the short oligomers. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations illustrate how dimer moieties act as defects whose steric hindrance prevents the retention of the more stable configuration. A small number of dimers is sufficient to drive the molecular reorganization into a lower cohesive energy phase. Our study shows the importance of a combined DFT - MC approach to understand the evolution of molecular systems on substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Marchi
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2.
| | - G Galeotti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2. and Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Simenas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M C Gallagher
- Department of Physics, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1.
| | - E Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0B8.
| | - O MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2.
| | - R M Rao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0B8.
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0B8.
| | - D Dettmann
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Contini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy and Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E E Tornau
- Semiconductor Physics Institute, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M Ebrahimi
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2.
| | - D F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0B8.
| | - F Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2.
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41
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Habets T, Lensen D, Speller S, Elemans JAAW. Self-Assembly of Covalently Linked Porphyrin Dimers at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163018. [PMID: 31434280 PMCID: PMC6720350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and surface self-assembly behavior of two types of metal-porphyrin dimers is described. The first dimer type consists of two porphyrins linked via a rigid conjugated spacer, and the second type has an alkyne linker, which allows rotation of the porphyrin moieties with respect to each other. The conjugated dimers were equipped with two copper or two manganese centers, while the flexible dimers allowed a modular built-up that also made the incorporation of two different metal centers possible. The self-assembly of the new porphyrin dimers at a solid–liquid interface was investigated at the single-molecule scale using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). All dimers formed monolayers, of which the stability and the internal degree of ordering of the molecules depended on the metal centers in the porphyrins. While in all monolayers the dimers were oriented coplanar with respect to the underlying surface (‘face-on’), the flexible dimer containing a manganese and a copper center could be induced, via the application of a voltage pulse in the STM setup, to self-assemble into monolayers in which the porphyrin dimers adopted a non-common perpendicular (‘edge-on’) geometry with respect to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Habets
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Lensen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Speller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter-University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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42
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Li SY, Yang XQ, Chen T, Wang D, Wang SF, Wan LJ. Tri-Stable Structural Switching in 2D Molecular Assembly at the Liquid/Solid Interface Triggered by External Electric Field. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6751-6759. [PMID: 31188581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tri-stable structural switching between different polymorphisms is presented in the 2D molecular assembly of a 5-(benzyloxy)isophthalic acid derivative (BIC-C12) at the liquid/solid interface. The assembled structure of BIC-C12 is sensitive to the applied voltage between the STM tip and the sample surface. A compact lamellar structure is exclusively observed at positive sample bias, while a porous honeycomb structure or a quadrangular structure is preferred at negative sample bias. Selective switching between the lamellar structure and the honeycomb structure or the quadrangular structure is realized by controlling the polarity and magnitude of the sample bias. The transition between the honeycomb structure and the quadrangular structure is, however, absent in the assembly. This tri-stable structural switching is closely related to the molecular concentration in the liquid phase. This result provides insights into the effect of external electric field on molecular assembly and benefits the design and construction of switchable molecular architectures on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Hubei University , Wuhan 400062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Fu Wang
- Hubei University , Wuhan 400062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
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43
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Mahmood A, Saeed M, Chan Y, Saleemi AS, Guo J, Lee SL. Synergic Effect: Temperature-Assisted Electric-Field-Induced Supramolecular Phase Transitions at the Liquid/Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8031-8037. [PMID: 31120252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using trimesic acid (TMA) as a model system by means of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) equipped with a temperature controller, here, we report a temperature-assisted method to cooperatively control electric-field-induced supramolecular phase transitions at the liquid/solid interface. Octanoic acid is used as a solvent due to its good solubility for TMA and its less complicated pattern formed under negative STM bias (e.g., only chicken-wire polymorphs existing). At positive substrate bias, STM revealed that TMA assembly based on temperature modulations underwent phase transitions from a porous (22 °C) to a flower (45 °C) and further to a zigzag (68 °C) structure. The transitions are ascribed to the partial deprotonation of the carboxyl groups of TMA. Both the temperature and electrical polarity of the substrate are crucial, i.e., the transitions only take place at positive substrate bias and elevated temperatures. Molecular mechanics simulations were carried out to calculate the temperature and electric field dependence of the adsorption enthalpy and free energy of the chicken-wire assembly of TMA on the two layers of graphene surface. The calculated decrease in adsorption enthalpy with the increase of temperature and electric field values that causes the TMA chicken-wire assembly to be less stable is proposed to promote the occurrence of the phase transition observed by STM. This study paves the way toward program-controlled supramolecular phase switching via the synergic effect of electrical and thermal stimuli.
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44
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Tahara K, Noguchi A, Nakayama R, Ghijsens E, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7733-7738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Aya Noguchi
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
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45
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Tahara K, Noguchi A, Nakayama R, Ghijsens E, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Aya Noguchi
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
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46
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Zhang SQ, Cheng LX, Gong ZL, Duan WB, Tu B, Zhong YW, Zeng QD. Temperature-Triggered Self-Assembled Structural Transformation: From Pure Hydrogen-Bonding Quadrilateral Nanonetwork to Trihexagonal Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6571-6577. [PMID: 31002519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adequate control over the structures of molecular building blocks plays an important role in the fabrication of desired supramolecular nanostructures at interfaces. In this study, the formation of a pure hydrogen-bonding co-assembly supramolecular nanonetwork on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface was demonstrated by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. The thermal annealing process was conducted to monitor the temperature-triggered structural transformation of the self-assembled nanonetwork. On the basis of the single-molecule-level resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images, together with the density functional theory calculations, the formation mechanisms of the formed nanoarrays were proposed. The results have great significance with regard to controlled construction of complex nanostructures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Xiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wu-Biao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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47
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Wang LM, Yue JY, Cao X, Wang D. Insight into the Transimination Process in the Fabrication of Surface Schiff-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6333-6339. [PMID: 31002521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of single-layered covalent organic frameworks (sCOFs) has been investigated by employing a 3-fold symmetric monomer 1 carrying aldehyde groups and the ditopic diamine building block 2 on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The self-assembly of molecule 1 is persistently observed at the stoichiometric ratio of the reactive groups. The growth of sCOF network is observed, however, only at the excess of diamine monomers. By investigating the growth process of the sCOF network, the role of excessive diamine monomers can be understood by two aspects. Increasing the molar ratio of diamine monomer provides the driving force for the structural transition from the monomer self-assembly to the formation of the sCOF network. On the other hand, the excess diamine monomers provide basic environment for the transimination reaction and promote the formation of highly ordered sCOFs. The present work provides molecular understanding of the role of transimination reaction in imine-based COF synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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48
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Zhu H, Niu T, Li A. Conformational Transitions of Phase-Separated Binary Molecules Assisted by Surface Dehalogenation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3507-3512. [PMID: 30759989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular devices have become an emergent branch of nanoscience and technology beyond traditional silicon-based electronic devices. The properties of these devices are intimately related to the molecular conformation and packing. In this article, three different conformations of melamine molecules are observed on Au(111), and a transition from the lying-down to standing-up phase with long-range order is realized in melamine chains with the assistance of hexabromobenzene (HBB). We argue that it is the expanding of HBB domains from hexagonal to the dimer phase due to surface dehalogenation that facilitates the dehydrogenation of melamine to form a standing-up conformation. Similar transitions are also accomplished on the Ag(111) surface. Our results provide an effective way to achieve standing-up molecular arrays with long-range order on relatively less active metals. This may have significant implications in fabricating organic thin film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE) , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE) , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE) , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
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49
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Feng X, Schlüter AD. Towards Macroscopic Crystalline 2D Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13748-13763. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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50
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Qin Y, Yang Y, Yao M, Xue X, Wang X, Huang H, Chen T, Wang D, Wan L. Self-assembly of an oligo( p-phenylenevinylene)-based molecule on an HOPG surface: insights from multi-scale simulation and STM observation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31868-31873. [PMID: 35547496 PMCID: PMC9085817 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05477k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain knowledge of the most important weak interactions for supramolecular self-assembly and observe molecular structure for self-assembled architectures, the two-dimensional self-assembly of an oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based molecule (AS-OPV) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite has been investigated. Accurate atomic configuration for the AS-OPV self-assembled pattern has been identified by means of multi-scale simulation combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments. The weak interactions which contribute to the formation of AS-OPV self-assembly are studied by analysis of non-covalent interactions existing in the system and theoretical calculation of their energy values. Investigation of the molecular structure of self-assembly and STM images at a certain temperature range is performed by molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations. This work paves the way to explore the contribution of weak interactions for the self-assembly system, as well as providing a reference to observe the possible self-assembled structure at temperatures not convenient for direct experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yingying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Man Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiaowan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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