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Wang H, Li S, Wang X, Li X, Jiang M, Chen S, Hu Z, Li H, Xu Y, Jin L. One-step enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins by hydrophilic Ti 4+-immobilized dendrimer poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with polyethylenimine and phytic acid. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400154. [PMID: 38948935 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation and phosphorylation rank as paramount post-translational modifications, and their analysis heavily relies on enrichment techniques. In this work, a facile approach was developed for the one-step simultaneous enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins. The core of this approach was the application of the novel titanium (IV) ion immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with dendrimer polyethylenimine and phytic acid. The microparticles possessed dual enrichment capabilities due to their abundant titanium ions and hydroxyl groups on the surface. They demonstrate rapid adsorption equilibrium (within 30 min) and exceptional adsorption capacity for β-casein (1107.7 mg/g) and horseradish peroxidase (438.6 mg/g), surpassing that of bovine serum albumin (91.7 mg/g). Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted to validate the enrichment capability. Experimental results across various biological samples, including standard protein mixtures, non-fat milk, and human serum, demonstrated the remarkable ability of these microparticles to enrich low-abundance glycoproteins and phosphoproteins from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedic Biomedical and Device Innovation, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Jiang
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiying Chen
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zaiqi Hu
- Institute of Orthopaedic Biomedical and Device Innovation, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haitian Li
- Institute of Orthopaedic Biomedical and Device Innovation, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jin
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Usher ET, Fossat MJ, Holehouse AS. Phosphorylation of disordered proteins tunes local and global intramolecular interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598315. [PMID: 38915510 PMCID: PMC11195077 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, are important regulatory signals for diverse cellular functions. In particular, intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are subject to phosphorylation as a means to modulate their interactions and functions. Toward understanding the relationship between phosphorylation in IDRs and specific functional outcomes, we must consider how phosphorylation affects the IDR conformational ensemble. Various experimental techniques are suited to interrogate the features of IDR ensembles; molecular simulations can provide complementary insights and even illuminate ensemble features that may be experimentally inaccessible. Therefore, we sought to expand the tools available to study phosphorylated IDRs by all-atom Monte Carlo simulations. To this end, we implemented parameters for phosphoserine (pSer) and phosphothreonine (pThr) into the OPLS version of the continuum solvent model, ABSINTH, and assessed their performance in all-atom simulations compared to published findings. We simulated short (< 20 residues) and long (> 80 residues) phospho-IDRs that, collectively, survey both local and global phosphorylation-induced changes to the ensemble. Our simulations of four well-studied phospho-IDRs show near-quantitative agreement with published findings for these systems via metrics including changes to radius of gyration, transient helicity, and persistence length. We also leveraged the inherent advantage of sequence control in molecular simulations to explore the conformational effects of diverse combinations of phospho-sites in two multi-phosphorylated IDRs. Our results support and expand on prior observations that connect phosphorylation to changes in the IDR conformational ensemble. Herein, we describe phosphorylation as a means to alter sequence chemistry, net charge and charge patterning, and intramolecular interactions, which can collectively modulate the local and global IDR ensemble features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery T. Usher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martin J. Fossat
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alex S. Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Umapathi P, Aggarwal A, Zahra F, Narayanan B, Zachara NE. The multifaceted role of intracellular glycosylation in cytoprotection and heart disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107296. [PMID: 38641064 PMCID: PMC11126959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-actylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential posttranslational modification that is common in metozoans. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off proteins in response to environmental and physiological stimuli impacting protein function, which, in turn, tunes pathways that include transcription, translation, proteostasis, signal transduction, and metabolism. One class of stimulus that induces rapid and dynamic changes to O-GlcNAc is cellular injury, resulting from environmental stress (for instance, heat shock), hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, ischemia reperfusion injury (heart attack, stroke, trauma hemorrhage), and sepsis. Acute elevation of O-GlcNAc before or after injury reduces apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that injury-induced changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate cell fate decisions. However, prolonged elevation or reduction in O-GlcNAc leads to a maladaptive response and is associated with pathologies such as hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, we discuss the impact of O-GlcNAc in both acute and prolonged models of injury with a focus on the heart and biological mechanisms that underpin cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiddia Zahra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhargavi Narayanan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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4
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Ganguly HK, Ludwig BA, Tressler CM, Bhatt MR, Pandey AK, Quinn CM, Bai S, Yap GPA, Zondlo NJ. 4,4-Difluoroproline as a Unique 19F NMR Probe of Proline Conformation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1131-1146. [PMID: 38598681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of proline conformational equilibria (trans versus cis amide and exo versus endo ring pucker) on protein structure and function, there is a lack of convenient ways to probe proline conformation. 4,4-Difluoroproline (Dfp) was identified to be a sensitive 19F NMR-based probe of proline conformational biases and cis-trans isomerism. Within model compounds and disordered peptides, the diastereotopic fluorines of Dfp exhibit similar chemical shifts (ΔδFF = 0-3 ppm) when a trans X-Dfp amide bond is present. In contrast, the diastereotopic fluorines exhibit a large (ΔδFF = 5-12 ppm) difference in chemical shift in a cis X-Dfp prolyl amide bond. DFT calculations, X-ray crystallography, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy indicated that ΔδFF directly reports on the relative preference of one proline ring pucker over the other: a fluorine which is pseudo-axial (i.e., the pro-4R-F in an exo ring pucker, or the pro-4S-F in an endo ring pucker) is downfield, while a fluorine which is pseudo-equatorial (i.e., pro-4S-F when exo, or pro-4R-F when endo) is upfield. Thus, when a proline is disordered (a mixture of exo and endo ring puckers, as at trans-Pro in peptides in water), it exhibits a small Δδ. In contrast, when the Pro is ordered (i.e., when one ring pucker is strongly preferred, as in cis-Pro amide bonds, where the endo ring pucker is strongly favored), a large Δδ is observed. Dfp can be used to identify inherent induced order in peptides and to quantify proline cis-trans isomerism. Using Dfp, we discovered that the stable polyproline II helix (PPII) formed in the denatured state (8 M urea) exhibits essentially equal populations of the exo and endo proline ring puckers. In addition, the data with Dfp suggested the specific stabilization of PPII by water over other polar solvents. These data strongly support the importance of carbonyl solvation and n → π* interactions for the stabilization of PPII. Dfp was also employed to quantify proline cis-trans isomerism as a function of phosphorylation and the R406W mutation in peptides derived from the intrinsically disordered protein tau. Dfp is minimally sterically disruptive and can be incorporated in expressed proteins, suggesting its broad application in understanding proline cis-trans isomerization, protein folding, and local order in intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal K Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Brice A Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Tressler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Megh R Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Anil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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5
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Powell WC, Nahum M, Pankratz K, Herlory M, Greenwood J, Poliyenko D, Holland P, Jing R, Biggerstaff L, Stowell MHB, Walczak MA. Post-Translational Modifications Control Phase Transitions of Tau. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.583040. [PMID: 38559065 PMCID: PMC10979912 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of Tau(297-391) into filaments, which mirror the structures observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, raises questions about the role of AD-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs). To investigate this, we developed a synthetic approach to produce Tau(291-391) featuring N-acetyllysine, phosphoserine, phosphotyrosine, and N-glycosylation at positions commonly modified in post-mortem AD brains, thus facilitating the study of their roles in Tau pathology. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and a range of optical microscopy techniques, we discovered that these modifications generally hinder the in vitro assembly of Tau into PHFs. Interestingly, while acetylation's effect on Tau assembly displayed variability, either promoting or inhibiting phase transitions in the context of cofactor free aggregation, heparin-induced aggregation, and RNA-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), phosphorylation uniformly mitigated these processes. Our observations suggest that PTMs, particularly those situated outside the fibril's rigid core are pivotal in the nucleation of PHFs. Moreover, in scenarios involving heparin-induced aggregation leading to the formation of heterogeneous aggregates, most AD-specific PTMs, except for K311, appeared to decelerate the aggregation process. The impact of acetylation on RNA-induced LLPS was notably site-dependent, exhibiting both facilitative and inhibitory effects, whereas phosphorylation consistently reduced LLPS across all proteoforms examined. These insights underscore the complex interplay between site-specific PTMs and environmental factors in modulating Tau aggregation kinetics, enhancing our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of Tau pathology in AD and highlighting the critical role of PTMs located outside the ordered filament core in driving the self-assembly of Tau into PHF structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - McKinley Nahum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Karl Pankratz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Morgane Herlory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Darya Poliyenko
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Patrick Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Luke Biggerstaff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael H. B. Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A. Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Ludwig BA, Forbes CR, Zondlo NJ. N-Terminal Proline Editing for the Synthesis of Peptides with Mercaptoproline and Selenoproline: Mechanistic Insights Lead to Greater Efficiency in Proline Native Chemical Ligation. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:536-550. [PMID: 38324914 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) at proline has been limited by cost and synthetic access. In addition, prior examples of NCL using mercaptoproline have exhibited stalling of the reaction after thioester exchange, due to inefficient S → N acyl transfer. Herein, we develop methods, using inexpensive Boc-4R-hydroxyproline, for the solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing N-terminal 4R-mercaptoproline and 4R-selenoproline. The synthesis proceeds via proline editing on the N-terminus of fully synthesized peptides on the solid phase, converting an N-terminal Boc-4R-hydroxyproline to the 4S-bromoproline, followed by an SN2 reaction with potassium thioacetate or selenobenzoic acid. After cleavage from the resin and deprotection, peptides with functionalized N-terminal proline amino acids were obtained. NCL reactions with mercaptoproline proceeded slowly under standard NCL conditions, with the S-acyl transthioesterification intermediate observed as a major species. Computational investigations indicated that the bicyclic intermediates and transition states for S → N acyl transfer are sufficiently low in energy (10-15 kcal mol-1 above starting material) that ring strain cannot explain the slow S → N acyl transfer. Instead, the bicyclic zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate has a low barrier for reversion to the S-acyl intermediate, causing reversion to the thioester (reverse reaction) to occur preferentially over elimination to generate the amide (forward reaction). We hypothesized that a buffer capable of general acid and/or general base catalysis could promote S → N acyl transfer and thus achieve greater efficiency in proline NCL. In the presence of 2 M imidazole at pH 6.8, NCL with mercaptoproline proceeded efficiently to generate the peptide with a native amide bond. NCL with selenoproline also proceeded efficiently to generate the desired products when a thiophenol thioester was employed as a ligation partner. After desulfurization or deselenization, the products obtained were identical to those synthesized directly, confirming that the solid-phase proline editing reactions proceeded stereospecifically and without epimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christina R Forbes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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7
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Zhong H, Liu H, Liu H. Molecular Mechanism of Tau Misfolding and Aggregation: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2855-2871. [PMID: 37031392 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230409145247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Tau dysfunction has a close association with many neurodegenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as tauopathies. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by misfolding and aggregation of tau are the main pathological process of tauopathy. Therefore, uncovering the misfolding and aggregation mechanism of tau protein will help to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of tauopathies. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is well suited for studying the dynamic process of protein structure changes. It provides detailed information on protein structure changes over time at the atomic resolution. At the same time, MD simulation can also simulate various conditions conveniently. Based on these advantages, MD simulations are widely used to study conformational transition problems such as protein misfolding and aggregation. Here, we summarized the structural features of tau, the factors affecting its misfolding and aggregation, and the applications of MD simulations in the study of tau misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Faculty of Applied Science, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
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8
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Khan T, Waseem R, Shahid M, Ansari J, Ahanger IA, Hassan I, Islam A. Recent advancement in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from clinical trials. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102113. [PMID: 37918760 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by the presence of plaques of amyloid beta and Tau proteins. There is currently no permanent cure for AD; the only medications approved by the FDA for mild to moderate AD are cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, and immunotherapies against core pathophysiology, that provide temporary relief only. Researchers worldwide have made significant attempts to find new targets and develop innovative therapeutic molecules to treat AD. The FDA-approved drugs are palliative and couldn't restore the damaged neuron cells of AD. Stem cells have self-differentiation properties, making them prospective therapeutics to treat AD. The promising results in pre-clinical studies of stem cell therapy for AD seek attention worldwide. Various stem cells, mainly mesenchymal stem cells, are currently in different phases of clinical trials and need more advancements to take this therapy to the translational level. Here, we review research from the past decade that has identified several hypotheses related to AD pathology. Moreover, this article also focuses on the recent advancement in therapeutic strategies for AD treatment including immunotherapy and stem cell therapy detailing the clinical trials that are currently undergoing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashid Waseem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir,190006, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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9
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Pandey AK, Ganguly HK, Sinha SK, Daniels KE, Yap GPA, Patel S, Zondlo NJ. An Inherent Difference between Serine and Threonine Phosphorylation: Phosphothreonine Strongly Prefers a Highly Ordered, Compact, Cyclic Conformation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1938-1958. [PMID: 37595155 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases are central to cellular responses and function. The structural effects of serine and threonine phosphorylation were examined in peptides and in proteins, by circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, bioinformatics analysis of the PDB, small-molecule X-ray crystallography, and computational investigations. Phosphorylation of both serine and threonine residues induces substantial conformational restriction in their physiologically more important dianionic forms. Threonine exhibits a particularly strong disorder-to-order transition upon phosphorylation, with dianionic phosphothreonine preferentially adopting a cyclic conformation with restricted ϕ (ϕ ∼ -60°) stabilized by three noncovalent interactions: a strong intraresidue phosphate-amide hydrogen bond, an n → π* interaction between consecutive carbonyls, and an n → σ* interaction between the phosphate Oγ lone pair and the antibonding orbital of C-Hβ that restricts the χ2 side-chain conformation. Proline is unique among the canonical amino acids for its covalent cyclization on the backbone. Phosphothreonine can mimic proline's backbone cyclization via noncovalent interactions. The preferred torsions of dianionic phosphothreonine are ϕ,ψ = polyproline II helix > α-helix (ϕ ∼ -60°); χ1 = g-; χ2 ∼ +115° (eclipsed C-H/O-P bonds). This structural signature is observed in diverse proteins, including in the activation loops of protein kinases and in protein-protein interactions. In total, these results suggest a structural basis for the differential use and evolution of threonine versus serine phosphorylation sites in proteins, with serine phosphorylation typically inducing smaller, rheostat-like changes, versus threonine phosphorylation promoting larger, step function-like switches, in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Himal K Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sudipta Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Kelly E Daniels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sandeep Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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Lasorsa A, Bera K, Malki I, Dupré E, Cantrelle FX, Merzougui H, Sinnaeve D, Hanoulle X, Hritz J, Landrieu I. Conformation and Affinity Modulations by Multiple Phosphorylation Occurring in the BIN1 SH3 Domain Binding Site of the Tau Protein Proline-Rich Region. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37167199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in phosphorylation of the Tau protein is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression through unclear molecular mechanisms. In general, phosphorylation modifies the interaction of intrinsically disordered proteins, such as Tau, with other proteins; however, elucidating the structural basis of this regulation mechanism remains challenging. The bridging integrator-1 gene is an AD genetic determinant whose gene product, BIN1, directly interacts with Tau. The proline-rich motif recognized within a Tau(210-240) peptide by the SH3 domain of BIN1 (BIN1 SH3) is defined as 216PTPP219, and this interaction is modulated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of T217 within the Tau(210-240) peptide led to a 6-fold reduction in the affinity, while single phosphorylation at either T212, T231, or S235 had no effect on the interaction. Nonetheless, combined phosphorylation of T231 and S235 led to a 3-fold reduction in the affinity, although these phosphorylations are not within the BIN1 SH3-bound region of the Tau peptide. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, these phosphorylations were shown to affect the local secondary structure and dynamics of the Tau(210-240) peptide. Models of the (un)phosphorylated peptides were obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation validated by experimental data and showed compaction of the phosphorylated peptide due to increased salt bridge formation. This dynamic folding might indirectly impact the BIN1 SH3 binding by a decreased accessibility of the binding site. Regulation of the binding might thus not only be due to local electrostatic or steric effects from phosphorylation but also to the modification of the conformational properties of Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lasorsa
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Krishnendu Bera
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Idir Malki
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Elian Dupré
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille F-59000, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Hamida Merzougui
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jozef Hritz
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, Lille F-59000, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille F-59000, France
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11
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Bhatt MR, Zondlo NJ. Synthesis and conformational preferences of peptides and proteins with cysteine sulfonic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2779-2800. [PMID: 36920119 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H; cysteic acid) is an oxidative post-translational modification of cysteine, resulting from further oxidation from cysteine sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H). Cysteine sulfonic acid is considered an irreversible post-translational modification, which serves as a biomarker of oxidative stress that has resulted in oxidative damage to proteins. Cysteine sulfonic acid is anionic, as a sulfonate (Cys-SO3-; cysteate), in the ionization state that is almost exclusively present at physiological pH (pKa ∼ -2). In order to understand protein structural changes that can occur upon oxidation to cysteine sulfonic acid, we analyzed its conformational preferences, using experimental methods, bioinformatics, and DFT-based computational analysis. Cysteine sulfonic acid was incorporated into model peptides for α-helix and polyproline II helix (PPII). Within peptides, oxidation of cysteine to the sulfonic acid proceeds rapidly and efficiently at room temperature in solution with methyltrioxorhenium (MeReO3) and H2O2. Peptides containing cysteine sulfonic acid were also generated on solid phase using trityl-protected cysteine and oxidation with MeReO3 and H2O2. Using methoxybenzyl (Mob)-protected cysteine, solid-phase oxidation with MeReO3 and H2O2 generated the Mob sulfone precursor to Cys-SO2- within fully synthesized peptides. These two solid-phase methods allow the synthesis of peptides containing either Cys-SO3- or Cys-SO2- in a practical manner, with no solution-phase synthesis required. Cys-SO3- had low PPII propensity for PPII propagation, despite promoting a relatively compact conformation in ϕ. In contrast, in a PPII initiation model system, Cys-SO3- promoted PPII relative to neutral Cys, with PPII initiation similar to Cys thiolate but less than Cys-SO2- or Ala. In an α-helix model system, Cys-SO3- promoted α-helix near the N-terminus, due to favorable helix dipole interactions and favorable α-helix capping via a sulfonate-amide side chain-main chain hydrogen bond. Across all peptides, the sulfonate side chain was significantly less ordered than that of the sulfinate. Analysis of Cys-SO3- in the PDB revealed a very strong propensity for local (i/i or i/i + 1) side chain-main chain sulfonate-amide hydrogen bonds for Cys-SO3-, with >80% of Cys-SO3- residues exhibiting these interactions. DFT calculations conducted to explore these conformational preferences indicated that side chain-main chain hydrogen bonds of the sulfonate with the intraresidue amide and/or with the i + 1 amide were favorable. However, hydrogen bonds to water or to amides, as well as interactions with oxophilic metals, were weaker for the sulfonate than the sulfinate, due to lower charge density on the oxygens in the sulfonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megh R Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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12
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Barchi JJ, Strain CN. The effect of a methyl group on structure and function: Serine vs. threonine glycosylation and phosphorylation. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1117850. [PMID: 36845552 PMCID: PMC9950641 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of glycan structures cover the surface of all cells and are involved in myriad biological processes, including but not limited to, cell adhesion and communication, protein quality control, signal transduction and metabolism, while also being intimately involved in innate and adaptive immune functions. Immune surveillance and responses to foreign carbohydrate antigens, such as capsular polysaccharides on bacteria and surface protein glycosylation of viruses, are the basis of microbial clearance, and most antimicrobial vaccines target these structures. In addition, aberrant glycans on tumors called Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs) elicit immune responses to cancer, and TACAs have been used in the design of many antitumor vaccine constructs. A majority of mammalian TACAs are derived from what are referred to as mucin-type O-linked glycans on cell-surface proteins and are linked to the protein backbone through the hydroxyl group of either serine or threonine residues. A small group of structural studies that have compared mono- and oligosaccharides attached to each of these residues have shown that there are distinct differences in conformational preferences assumed by glycans attached to either "unmethylated" serine or ß-methylated threonine. This suggests that the linkage point of antigenic glycans will affect their presentation to the immune system as well as to various carbohydrate binding molecules (e.g., lectins). This short review, followed by our hypothesis, will examine this possibility and extend the concept to the presentation of glycans on surfaces and in assay systems where recognition of glycans by proteins and other binding partners can be defined by different attachment points that allow for a range of conformational presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin N. Strain
- Center for Cancer Research, Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
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13
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Li X, Peng X, Zhang C, Bai X, Li Y, Chen G, Guo H, He W, Zhou X, Gou X. Bladder Cancer-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Tumor Angiogenesis by Inducing HBP-Related Metabolic Reprogramming and SerRS O-GlcNAcylation in Endothelial Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202993. [PMID: 36045101 PMCID: PMC9596856 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A malformed tumour vascular network provokes the nutrient-deprived tumour microenvironment (TME), which conversely activates endothelial cell (EC) functions and stimulates neovascularization. Emerging evidence suggests that the flexible metabolic adaptability of tumour cells helps to establish a metabolic symbiosis among various cell subpopulations in the fluctuating TME. In this study, the authors propose a novel metabolic link between bladder cancer (BCa) cells and ECs in the nutrient-scarce TME, in which BCa-secreted glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1) via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) reprograms glucose metabolism by increasing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway flux in ECs and thus enhances O-GlcNAcylation. Moreover, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) O-GlcNAcylation at serine 101 in ECs promotes its degradation by ubiquitination and impeded importin α5-mediated nuclear translocation. Intranuclear SerRS attenuates vascular endothelial growth factor transcription by competitively binding to the GC-rich region of the proximal promotor. Additionally, GFAT1 knockout in tumour cells blocks SerRS O-GlcNAcylation in ECs and attenuates angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. However, administration of GFAT1-overexpressing BCa cells-derived sEVs increase the angiogenetic activity in the ECs of GFAT1-knockout mice. In summary, this study suggests that inhibiting sEV-mediated GFAT1 secretion from BCa cells and targeting SerRS O-GlcNAcylation in ECs may serve as novel strategies for BCa antiangiogenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and EpigeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and EpigeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and EpigeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xuesong Bai
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and EpigeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and EpigeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Huixia Guo
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and EpigeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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14
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Bacchella C, Gentili S, Mozzi SI, Monzani E, Casella L, Tegoni M, Dell’Acqua S. Role of the Cysteine in R3 Tau Peptide in Copper Binding and Reactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810726. [PMID: 36142637 PMCID: PMC9503722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a widespread neuroprotein that regulates the cytoskeleton assembly. In some neurological disorders, known as tauopathies, tau is dissociated from the microtubule and forms insoluble neurofibrillary tangles. Tau comprises four pseudorepeats (R1-R4), containing one (R1, R2, R4) or two (R3) histidines, that potentially act as metal binding sites. Moreover, Cys291 and Cys322 in R2 and R3, respectively, might have an important role in protein aggregation, through possible disulfide bond formation, and/or affecting the binding and reactivity of redox-active metal ions, as copper. We, therefore, compare the interaction of copper with octadeca-R3-peptide (R3C) and with the mutant containing an alanine residue (R3A) to assess the role of thiol group. Spectrophotometric titrations allow to calculate the formation constant of the copper(I) complexes, showing a remarkable stronger interaction in the case of R3C (l log Kf = 13.4 and 10.5 for copper(I)-R3C and copper(I)-R3A, respectively). We also evaluate the oxidative reactivity associated to these copper complexes in the presence of dopamine and ascorbate. Both R3A and R3C peptides increase the capability of copper to oxidize catechols, but copper-R3C displays a peculiar mechanism due to the presence of cysteine. HPLC-MS analysis shows that cysteine can form disulfide bonds and dopamine-Cys covalent adducts, with potential implication in tau aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bacchella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Ida Mozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Dell’Acqua
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Shiratori K, Yokoi Y, Wakui H, Hirane N, Otaki M, Hinou H, Yoneyama T, Hatakeyama S, Kimura S, Ohyama C, Nishimura SI. Selective reaction monitoring approach using structure-defined synthetic glycopeptides for validating glycopeptide biomarkers pre-determined by bottom-up glycoproteomics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21385-21393. [PMID: 35975084 PMCID: PMC9347767 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02903k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin is a heavily glycosylated protein that is upregulated in various cancer and neurological diseases. The findings by the Hancock and Iliopoulos group that levels of the tryptic glycopeptide derived from plasma clusterin, 372Leu-Ala-Asn-Leu-Thr-Gln-Gly-Glu-Asp-Gln-Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Arg385 with a biantennary disialyl N-glycan (A2G2S2 or FA2G2S2) at Asn374 differed significantly prior to and after curative nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients motivated us to verify the feasibility of this glycopeptide as a novel biomarker of RCC. To determine the precise N-glycan structure attached to Asn374, whether A2G2S2 is composed of the Neu5Acα2,3Gal or/and the Neu5Acα2,6Gal moiety, we synthesized key glycopeptides having one of the two putative isomers. Selective reaction monitoring assay using synthetic glycopeptides as calibration standards allowed "top-down glycopeptidomics" for the absolute quantitation of targeted label-free glycopeptides in a range from 313.3 to 697.5 nM in the complex tryptic digests derived from serum samples of RCC patients and healthy controls. Our results provided evidence that the Asn374 residue of human clusterin is modified dominantly with the Neu5Acα2,6Gal structure and the levels of clusterin bearing an A2G2S2 with homo Neu5Acα2,6Gal terminals at Asn374 decrease significantly in RCC patients as compared with healthy controls. The present study elicits that a new strategy integrating the bottom-up glycoproteomics with top-down glycopeptidomics using structure-defined synthetic glycopeptides enables the confident identification and quantitation of the glycopeptide targets pre-determined by the existing methods for intact glycopeptide profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Shiratori
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokoi
- ENU Pharma, Co., Ltd N7, W6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0807 Japan
| | - Hajime Wakui
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Nozomi Hirane
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Michiru Otaki
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University Hirosaki 036-8562 Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University Hirosaki 036-8562 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Clinical Laboratory, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital Yokohama 224-8503 Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University Hirosaki 036-8562 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- ENU Pharma, Co., Ltd N7, W6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0807 Japan
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16
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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17
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Rani L, Mallajosyula SS. Site-Specific Stabilization and Destabilization of α Helical Peptides upon Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13444-13459. [PMID: 34870441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Helices (α-helix) are the most common type of secondary structure motif present in proteins. In this study, we have investigated the structural influence of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation, common intracellular post-translational modifications (PTMs), on the α-helical conformation. The simulation studies were performed on the Baldwin model α-helical peptide sequence (Ac-AKAAAAKAAAAKAA-NH2). The Baldwin sequences were chosen due to the availability of site-specific experimental post-translational data for cross-validation with the simulations. The influence of PTMs was examined across the span of the α-helix, namely, at the N-terminus, position 10 (interior region), and the C-terminus for both serine and threonine residues placed at these positions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N-terminus lead to the stabilization of the helical conformation. PTMs in the interior or the C-terminus were found to disrupt helicity, with the disruption being more pronounced for PTMs in the interior region, in accordance with experimental studies. It was found that phosphorylation-derived destabilization was mainly due to the formation of an intraresidue HN-PO32- electrostatic interaction and interactions between the phosphate group and the side chain of adjacent lysine residues (NH3···PO32-). Hydrophobic and steric clashes were the main causes of destabilization in the case of O-GlcNAcylation. The structural disruptions were found to be more pronounced for PTM at the threonine site when compared to the serine site. The salt-bridge-dependent stability of the α-helix was found to be highly position specific, an i → i + 4 interaction stabilizing the helix, with other placements leading to the destabilization of the helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sairam S Mallajosyula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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18
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Rieloff E, Skepö M. The Effect of Multisite Phosphorylation on the Conformational Properties of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11058. [PMID: 34681718 PMCID: PMC8541499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins are involved in many biological processes such as signaling, regulation, and recognition. A common strategy to regulate their function is through phosphorylation, as it can induce changes in conformation, dynamics, and interactions with binding partners. Although phosphorylated intrinsically disordered proteins have received increased attention in recent years, a full understanding of the conformational and structural implications of phosphorylation has not yet been achieved. Here, we present all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of five disordered peptides originated from tau, statherin, and β-casein, in both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated state, to compare changes in global dimensions and structural elements, in an attempt to gain more insight into the controlling factors. The changes are in qualitative agreement with experimental data, and we observe that the net charge is not enough to predict the impact of phosphorylation on the global dimensions. Instead, the distribution of phosphorylated and positively charged residues throughout the sequence has great impact due to the formation of salt bridges. In statherin, a preference for arginine-phosphoserine interaction over arginine-tyrosine accounts for a global expansion, despite a local contraction of the phosphorylated region, which implies that also non-charged residues can influence the effect of phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rieloff
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- LINXS—Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Rieloff E, Skepö M. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Phosphorylated Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: A Force Field Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10174. [PMID: 34576338 PMCID: PMC8470740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification among intrinsically disordered proteins and regions, which helps regulate function by changing the protein conformations, dynamics, and interactions with binding partners. To fully comprehend the effects of phosphorylation, computer simulations are a helpful tool, although they are dependent on the accuracy of the force field used. Here, we compared the conformational ensembles produced by Amber ff99SB-ILDN+TIP4P-D and CHARMM36m, for four phosphorylated disordered peptides ranging in length from 14-43 residues. CHARMM36m consistently produced more compact conformations with a higher content of bends, mainly due to more stable salt bridges. Based on comparisons with experimental size estimates for the shortest and longest peptide, CHARMM36m appeared to overestimate the compactness. The difference between the force fields was largest for the peptide showing the greatest separation between positively charged and phosphorylated residues, in line with the importance of charge distribution. For this peptide, the conformational ensemble did not change significantly upon increasing the ionic strength from 0 mM to 150 mM, despite a reduction of the salt-bridging probability in the CHARMM36m simulations, implying that salt concentration has negligible effects in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rieloff
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- LINXS—Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Saha A, Bello D, Fernández-Tejada A. Advances in chemical probing of protein O-GlcNAc glycosylation: structural role and molecular mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10451-10485. [PMID: 34338261 PMCID: PMC8451060 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The addition of O-linked-β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is an abundant, unique post-translational modification governing important biological processes. O-GlcNAc dysregulation underlies several metabolic disorders leading to human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. This review provides an extensive summary of the recent progress in probing O-GlcNAcylation using mainly chemical methods, with a special focus on discussing mechanistic insights and the structural role of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. We highlight key aspects of the O-GlcNAc enzymes, including development of OGT and OGA small-molecule inhibitors, and describe a variety of chemoenzymatic and chemical biology approaches for the study of O-GlcNAcylation. Special emphasis is placed on the power of chemistry in the form of synthetic glycopeptide and glycoprotein tools for investigating the site-specific functional consequences of the modification. Finally, we discuss in detail the conformational effects of O-GlcNAc glycosylation on protein structure and stability, relevant O-GlcNAc-mediated protein interactions and its molecular recognition features by biological receptors. Future research in this field will provide novel, more effective chemical strategies and probes for the molecular interrogation of O-GlcNAcylation, elucidating new mechanisms and functional roles of O-GlcNAc with potential therapeutic applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Davide Bello
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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21
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Cantrelle FX, Loyens A, Trivelli X, Reimann O, Despres C, Gandhi NS, Hackenberger CPR, Landrieu I, Smet-Nocca C. Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation of the PHF-1 Epitope of Tau Protein Induce Local Conformational Changes of the C-Terminus and Modulate Tau Self-Assembly Into Fibrillar Aggregates. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:661368. [PMID: 34220449 PMCID: PMC8249575 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.661368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the neuronal microtubule-associated Tau protein plays a critical role in the aggregation process leading to the formation of insoluble intraneuronal fibrils within Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. In recent years, other posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been highlighted in the regulation of Tau (dys)functions. Among these PTMs, the O-β-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) modulates Tau phosphorylation and aggregation. We here focus on the role of the PHF-1 phospho-epitope of Tau C-terminal domain that is hyperphosphorylated in AD (at pS396/pS404) and encompasses S400 as the major O-GlcNAc site of Tau while two additional O-GlcNAc sites were found in the extreme C-terminus at S412 and S413. Using high resolution NMR spectroscopy, we showed that the O-GlcNAc glycosylation reduces phosphorylation of PHF-1 epitope by GSK3β alone or after priming by CDK2/cyclin A. Furthermore, investigations of the impact of PTMs on local conformation performed in small peptides highlight the role of S404 phosphorylation in inducing helical propensity in the region downstream pS404 that is exacerbated by other phosphorylations of PHF-1 epitope at S396 and S400, or O-GlcNAcylation of S400. Finally, the role of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation of PHF-1 epitope was probed in in-vitro fibrillization assays in which O-GlcNAcylation slows down the rate of fibrillar assembly while GSK3β phosphorylation stimulates aggregation counteracting the effect of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Cantrelle
- Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS, ERL9002 - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Anne Loyens
- Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, U1172, CHU Lille, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Reimann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clément Despres
- Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS, ERL9002 - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Smet-Nocca
- Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS, ERL9002 - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
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22
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Fahie K, Narayanan B, Zahra F, Reeves R, Fernandes SM, Hart GW, Zachara NE. Detection and Analysis of Proteins Modified by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e129. [PMID: 34004049 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common post-translational modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic proteins that regulates normal physiology and the cell stress response. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAc cycling is implicated in the etiology of type II diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as cardioprotection. These protocols cover simple and comprehensive techniques for detecting proteins modified by O-GlcNAc and studying the enzymes that add or remove O-GlcNAc. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Increasing the stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc on proteins before analysis Basic Protocol 2: Detection of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc using antibodies Basic Protocol 3: Detection of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc using the lectin sWGA Support Protocol 1: Control for O-linked glycosylation Basic Protocol 4: Detection and enrichment of proteins using WGA-agarose Support Protocol 2: Digestion of proteins with hexosaminidase Alternate Protocol: Detection of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc using galactosyltransferase Support Protocol 3: Autogalactosylation of galactosyltransferase Support Protocol 4: Assay of galactosyltransferase activity Basic Protocol 5: Characterization of labeled glycans by β-elimination and chromatography Basic Protocol 6: Detection of O-GlcNAc in 96-well plates Basic Protocol 7: Assay for OGT activity Support Protocol 5: Desalting of O-GlcNAc transferase Basic Protocol 8: Assay for O-GlcNAcase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau Fahie
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Fiddia Zahra
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Russell Reeves
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Current address: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Rani L, Mallajosyula SS. Phosphorylation-Induced Structural Reorganization in Tau-Paired Helical Filaments. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1621-1631. [PMID: 33877805 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taupathies involve the deposition of abnormal tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the human brain. The abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules and forms insoluble aggregates known as paired helical filaments (PHFs), highlighting the importance of post-translational modifications in taupathies. The present study examines the factors responsible for the structural stability of PHFs in native as well as in phosphorylated and O-GlcNAcylated tau. We carried out molecular dynamics simulations on the R3-R4 repeat domains of the human tau protein to gain atomic insights into the key noncovalent interactions responsible for their unique dimeric C-shaped structure. The structural effects upon post-translational modification were found to be prominent for phosphorylation when compared with O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylated tau was found to retain the "C conformation" observed in the native tau PHF, whereas upon phosphorylation, we observed a conformational transition to a more opened "H conformation". We found that this conformational transition is brought about by the loss of a key salt bridge between Lys353 and Asp358 due to the phosphorylation at Ser356 that results in the reorganization of the dimeric interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sairam S. Mallajosyula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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24
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Nutrient regulation of the flow of genetic information by O-GlcNAcylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:867-880. [PMID: 33769449 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is actively added to and removed from thousands of intracellular proteins. As a PTM, O-GlcNAcylation tunes the functions of a protein in various ways, such as enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions, and degradation. Its regulatory roles often interplay with the phosphorylation of the same protein. Governed by 'the Central Dogma', the flow of genetic information is central to all cellular activities. Many proteins regulating this flow are O-GlcNAc modified, and their functions are tuned by the cycling sugar. Herein, we review the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAcylation on the epigenome, in DNA replication and repair, in transcription and in RNA processing, in protein translation and in protein turnover.
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25
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Groenevelt JM, Corey DJ, Fehl C. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Applications of O-GlcNAcylated Peptides and Proteins. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1854-1870. [PMID: 33450137 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All human cells use O-GlcNAc protein modifications (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) to rapidly adapt to changing nutrient and stress conditions through signaling, epigenetic, and proteostasis mechanisms. A key challenge for biologists in defining precise roles for specific O-GlcNAc sites is synthetic access to homogenous isoforms of O-GlcNAc proteins, a result of the non-genetically templated, transient, and heterogeneous nature of O-GlcNAc modifications. Toward a solution, this review details the state of the art of two strategies for O-GlcNAc protein modification: advances in "bottom-up" O-GlcNAc peptide synthesis and direct "top-down" installation of O-GlcNAc on full proteins. We also describe key applications of synthetic O-GlcNAc peptide and protein tools as therapeutics, biophysical structure-function studies, biomarkers, and as disease mechanistic probes to advance translational O-GlcNAc biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Groenevelt
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Daniel J Corey
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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26
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Garcia Garcia C, Patkar SS, Jovic N, Mittal J, Kiick KL. Alteration of Microstructure in Biopolymeric Hydrogels via Compositional Modification of Resilin-Like Polypeptides. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4244-4257. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Garcia Garcia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sai S. Patkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Nina Jovic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19176, United States
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27
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Alquezar C, Arya S, Kao AW. Tau Post-translational Modifications: Dynamic Transformers of Tau Function, Degradation, and Aggregation. Front Neurol 2021; 11:595532. [PMID: 33488497 PMCID: PMC7817643 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.595532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on tau have long been recognized as affecting protein function and contributing to neurodegeneration. The explosion of information on potential and observed PTMs on tau provides an opportunity to better understand these modifications in the context of tau homeostasis, which becomes perturbed with aging and disease. Prevailing views regard tau as a protein that undergoes abnormal phosphorylation prior to its accumulation into the toxic aggregates implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. However, the phosphorylation of tau may, in fact, represent part of the normal but interrupted function and catabolism of the protein. In addition to phosphorylation, tau undergoes another forms of post-translational modification including (but not limited to), acetylation, ubiquitination, glycation, glycosylation, SUMOylation, methylation, oxidation, and nitration. A holistic appreciation of how these PTMs regulate tau during health and are potentially hijacked in disease remains elusive. Recent studies have reinforced the idea that PTMs play a critical role in tau localization, protein-protein interactions, maintenance of levels, and modifying aggregate structure. These studies also provide tantalizing clues into the possibility that neurons actively choose how tau is post-translationally modified, in potentially competitive and combinatorial ways, to achieve broad, cellular programs commensurate with the distinctive environmental conditions found during development, aging, stress, and disease. Here, we review tau PTMs and describe what is currently known about their functional impacts. In addition, we classify these PTMs from the perspectives of protein localization, electrostatics, and stability, which all contribute to normal tau function and homeostasis. Finally, we assess the potential impact of tau PTMs on tau solubility and aggregation. Tau occupies an undoubtedly important position in the biology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an integrated perspective of how post-translational modifications actively, purposefully, and dynamically remodel tau function, clearance, and aggregation. In doing so, we hope to enable a more comprehensive understanding of tau PTMs that will positively impact future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alquezar
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shruti Arya
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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28
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Targeting O-GlcNAcylation to develop novel therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100885. [PMID: 32736806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant post-translational modification (PTM) that modifies the serine or threonine residues of thousands of proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. Being a major "nutrient sensor" in cells, the O-GlcNAc pathway is sensitive to cellular metabolic states. Extensive crosstalk is observed between O-GlcNAcylation and protein phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc regulates protein functions at multiple levels, including enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions and degradation. Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with many human diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Though research on O-GlcNAc is still in its infantry, accumulating evidence suggest O-GlcNAcylation to be a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we briefly discuss the basic features of this PTM, the O-GlcNAc signaling pathway, its regulatory functions on different proteins, and its involvement in human diseases. We hope this review will provide insights to researchers who study human disease, as well as researchers who are interested in the fundamental roles of O-GlcNAcylation in all cells.
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29
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Ghasemzadeh S, Riazi GH. Inhibition of Tau amyloid fibril formation by folic acid: In-vitro and theoretical studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1505-1516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Amedei A, Asadzadeh F, Papi F, Vannucchi MG, Ferrucci V, Bermejo IA, Fragai M, De Almeida CV, Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Niccolai E, Natali F, Guarini E, Gabel F, Traini C, Catarinicchia S, Ricci F, Orzalesi L, Berti F, Corzana F, Zollo M, Grifantini R, Nativi C. A Structurally Simple Vaccine Candidate Reduces Progression and Dissemination of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. iScience 2020; 23:101250. [PMID: 32629615 PMCID: PMC7322362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tn antigen is a well-known tumor-associated carbohydrate determinant, often incorporated in glycopeptides to develop cancer vaccines. Herein, four copies of a conformationally constrained mimetic of the antigen TnThr (GalNAc-Thr) were conjugated to the adjuvant CRM197, a protein licensed for human use. The resulting vaccine candidate, mime[4]CRM elicited a robust immune response in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model, correlated with high frequency of CD4+ T cells and low frequency of M2-type macrophages, which reduces tumor progression and lung metastasis growth. Mime[4]CRM-mediated activation of human dendritic cells is reported, and the proliferation of mime[4]CRM-specific T cells, in cancer tissue and peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer, is demonstrated. The locked conformation of the TnThr mimetic and a proper presentation on the surface of CRM197 may explain the binding of the conjugate to the anti-Tn antibody Tn218 and its efficacy to fight cancer cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Papi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Iris A Bermejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Marco Fragai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Carolina Vieira De Almeida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Natali
- CNR-IOM, c/o Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eleonora Guarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, via Sansone, 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Frank Gabel
- Université Grenobles Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Catarinicchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orzalesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Corzana
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Renata Grifantini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Tressler CM, Zondlo NJ. Perfluoro- tert-Butyl Hydroxyprolines as Sensitive, Conformationally Responsive Molecular Probes: Detection of Protein Kinase Activity by 19F NMR. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1096-1103. [PMID: 32125821 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
19F NMR spectroscopy provides the ability to quantitatively analyze single species in complex solutions but is often limited by the modest sensitivity inherent to NMR. 4R- and 4S-Perfluoro-tert-buyl hydroxyproline contain 9 equivalent fluorines, in amino acids with strong conformational preferences. In order to test the ability to use these amino acids as sensitive probes of protein modifications, the perfluoro-tert-buyl hydroxyprolines were incorporated into substrate peptides of the protein kinases PKA and Akt. Peptides containing each diastereomeric proline were rapidly phosphorylated by each protein kinase and exhibited 19F chemical shift changes as a result of phosphorylation. The sensitivity of the perfluoro-tert-butyl group allowed quantitative analysis of the kinetics of phosphorylation over three half-lives at single-digit micromolar concentrations of each species. The distinct conformational preferences of these amino acids allowed the optimization of the substrate with a conformationally matched amino acid, in order to maximize the rate of phosphorylation. PKA preferred the 4R-amino acid at the -1 position, whereas the closely related AGC kinase Akt preferred the 4S-amino acid. These data, combined with analysis of structures of the Michaelis complexes of these kinases in the PDB, suggest that PKA recognizes the PPII conformation at the P-1 position relative to the phosphorylation site, while Akt/PKB recognizes an extended conformation at this position. These results suggest that conformational targeting may be employed to increase specificity in recognition by protein kinases. Perfluoro-tert-butyl hydroxyprolines were applied to the real-time detection and quantification of PKA activity and inhibition of PKA activity in HeLa cell extracts via 19F NMR spectroscopy. The coupling of proline ring pucker with main chain conformation suggests broad application of perfluoro-tert-butyl hydroxyprolines in molecular sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Tressler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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32
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Abstract
O-Linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a protein modification found on thousands of nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins. Many O-GlcNAc sites occur in proximity to protein sites that are likewise modified by phosphorylation. While several studies have uncovered crosstalk between these two signaling modifications on individual proteins and pathways, an understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in regulating kinases, the enzymes that install the phosphate modification, is still emerging. Here we review recent methods to profile the O-GlcNAc modification on a global scale that have revealed more than 100 kinases are modified by O-GlcNAc and highlight existing studies about regulation of these kinases by O-GlcNAc. Continuing efforts to profile the O-GlcNAc proteome and understand the role of O-GlcNAc on kinases will reveal new mechanisms of regulation and potential avenues for manipulation of the signaling mechanisms at the intersection of O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Schwein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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33
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Rani L, Mittal J, Mallajosyula SS. Effect of Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation on Proline-Rich Domains of Tau. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1909-1918. [PMID: 32065850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) is a phosphoprotein in neurons of the brain. Aggregation of Tau is the leading cause of tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. Tau undergoes several post-translational modifications of which phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation are key chemical modifications. Tau aggregates into paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles upon hyperphosphorylation, whereas O-GlcNAcylation stabilizes the soluble form of Tau. How specific phosphorylation and/or O-GlcNAcylation events influence Tau conformations remains largely unknown due to the disordered nature of Tau. In this study, we have investigated the phosphorylation- and O-GlcNAcylation-induced conformational effects on a Tau segment (Tau225-246) from the proline-rich domain (P2), by performing metadynamics simulations. We study two different phosphorylation patterns: Tau225-246, phosphorylated at T231 and S235, and Tau225-246, phosphorylated at T231, S235, S237, and S238. We also study O-GlcNAcylation at T231 and S235. We find that phosphorylation leads to the formation of strong salt-bridge contacts with adjacent lysine and arginine residues, which disrupts the native β-sheet structure observed in Tau225-246. We also observe the formation of a transient α-helix (238SAKSRLQ244) when Tau225-246 is phosphorylated at four sites. In contrast, O-GlcNAcylation shows only modest structural effects, and the resultant structure resembles the native form of the peptide. Our studies suggest the opposing structural effects of both protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the importance of salt bridges in governing the conformational preferences upon phosphorylation, highlighting the role of proximal arginine and lysine upon hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Sairam S Mallajosyula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar382355, Gujarat, India
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34
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Urmey AR, Zondlo NJ. Structural preferences of cysteine sulfinic acid: The sulfinate engages in multiple local interactions with the peptide backbone. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:96-107. [PMID: 31883974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2-) is a non-enzymatic oxidative post-translational modification (PTM) that has been identified in hundreds of proteins. However, the effects of cysteine sulfination are in most cases poorly understood. Cys-SO2- is structurally distinctive, with long sulfur-carbon and sulfur-oxygen bonds, and with tetrahedral geometry around sulfur due to its lone pair. Cys-SO2- thus has a unique range of potential interactions with the protein backbone which could facilitate protein structural changes. Herein, the structural effects of cysteine oxidation to the sulfinic acid were investigated in model peptides and folded proteins using NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, bioinformatics, and computational studies. In the PDB, Cys-SO2- shows a greater preference for α-helix than Cys. In addition, Cys-SO2- is more commonly found in structures with φ > 0, including in multiple types of β-turn. Sulfinate oxygens engage in hydrogen bonds with adjacent (i or i + 1) amide hydrogens. Over half of sulfinates have at least one hydrogen bond with an adjacent amide, and several structures have hydrogen bonds with both adjacent amides. Alternately, sulfur or either oxygen can act as an electron donor for n→π* interactions with the backbone carbonyl of the same residue, as indicated by frequent S⋯CO or O⋯CO distances below the sums of their van der Waals radii in protein structures. In peptides, Cys-SO2- favored α-helical structure at the N-terminus, consistent with helix dipole effects and backbone hydrogen bonds with the sulfinate promoting α-helix. Cys-SO2- has only modestly greater polyproline II helix propensity than Cys-SH, likely due to competition from multiple side chain-backbone interactions. Cys-SO2- stabilizes the i+1 position of a β-turn relative to Cys-SH. Within proteins, the range of side chain-main chain interactions available to Cys-SO2- compared to Cys-SH provides a basis for potential changes in protein structure and function due to cysteine oxidation to the sulfinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Urmey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States.
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35
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Bacchella C, Gentili S, Bellotti D, Quartieri E, Draghi S, Baratto MC, Remelli M, Valensin D, Monzani E, Nicolis S, Casella L, Tegoni M, Dell'Acqua S. Binding and Reactivity of Copper to R 1 and R 3 Fragments of tau Protein. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:274-286. [PMID: 31820933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tau protein is present in significant amounts in neurons, where it contributes to the stabilization of microtubules. Insoluble neurofibrillary tangles of tau are associated with several neurological disorders known as tauopathies, among which is Alzheimer's disease. In neurons, tau binds tubulin through its microtubule binding domain which comprises four imperfect repeats (R1-R4). The histidine residues contained in these fragments are potential binding sites for metal ions and are located close to the regions that drive the formation of amyloid aggregates of tau. In this study, we present a detailed characterization through potentiometric and spectroscopic methods of the binding of copper in both oxidation states to R1 and R3 peptides, which contain one and two histidine residues, respectively. We also evaluate how the redox cycling of copper bound to tau peptides can mediate oxidation that can potentially target exogenous substrates such as neuronal catecholamines. The resulting quinone oxidation products undergo oligomerization and can competitively give post-translational peptide modifications yielding catechol adducts at amino acid residues. The presence of His-His tandem in the R3 peptide strongly influences both the binding of copper and the reactivity of the resulting copper complex. In particular, the presence of the two adjacent histidines makes the copper(I) binding to R3 much stronger than in R1. The copper-R3 complex is also much more active than the copper-R1 complex in promoting oxidative reactions, indicating that the two neighboring histidines activate copper as a catalyst in molecular oxygen activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bacchella
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Denise Bellotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Eleonora Quartieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Sara Draghi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università di Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università di Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Maurizio Remelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Daniela Valensin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università di Siena , Via A. Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Stefania Nicolis
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Simone Dell'Acqua
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
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36
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Urmey AR, Zondlo NJ. Synthesis of peptides with cysteine sulfinic acid via the cysteine methoxybenzyl sulfone. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Urmey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark Delaware United States
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark Delaware United States
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37
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West CM, Kim HW. Nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation in protists. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:204-212. [PMID: 31128470 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation is an increasingly recognized modification of intracellular proteins in all kingdoms of life, and its occurrence in protists has been investigated to understand its evolution and its roles in the virulence of unicellular pathogens. We focus here on two kinds of glycoregulation found in unicellular eukaryotes: one is a simple O-fucose modification of dozens if not hundreds of Ser/Thr-rich proteins, and the other a complex pentasaccharide devoted to a single protein associated with oxygen sensing and the assembly of polyubiquitin chains. These modifications are not required for life but contingently modulate biological processes in the social amoeba Dictyostelium and the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, and likely occur in diverse unicellular protists. O-Glycosylation that is co-localized in the cytoplasm allows for glycoregulation over the entire life of the protein, contrary to the secretory pathway where glycosylation usually occurs before its delivery to its site of function. Here, we interpret cellular roles of nucleocytoplasmic glycans in terms of current evidence for their effects on the conformation and dynamics of protist proteins, to serve as a guide for future studies to examine their broader significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M West
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
| | - Hyun W Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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38
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Gao F, Thornley BS, Tressler CM, Naduthambi D, Zondlo NJ. Phosphorylation-dependent protein design: design of a minimal protein kinase-inducible domain. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3984-3995. [PMID: 30942803 PMCID: PMC6668337 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases modulate protein structure and function, which in turn regulate cellular activities. The development of novel proteins and protein motifs that are responsive to protein phosphorylation provides new ways to probe the functions of individual protein kinases and the intracellular effects of their activation and downregulation. Herein we develop a minimal motif that is responsive to protein phosphorylation, termed a minimal protein kinase-inducible domain. The encodable protein motif comprises a 7- or 8-residue sequence (DKDADXW or DKDADXXW), derived from EF-Hand calcium-binding domains, that is necessary but not sufficient for binding terbium, combined with a protein phosphorylation site (Ser or Thr at residue 9) that, upon phosphorylation, completes the metal-binding motif. Thus, the motif binds metal poorly and exhibits weak terbium luminescence when not phosphorylated. Upon phosphorylation, the peptide binds metal with significantly higher affinity and exhibits robust terbium luminescence. Phosphorylation results in up to a 23× increase in terbium luminescence. Minimal phosphorylation-dependent motifs as small as 9 residues (DKDADGWIS) were developed. NMR spectroscopy on this lanthanum(iii)·phosphopeptide complex confirmed that binding occurs in a manner similar to that in an EF-Hand, despite the absence of the conserved Glu12 typically present in an EF-Hand. By combining molecular design with known protein kinase recognition sequences, minimal protein kinase-inducible domains were developed that were responsive to phosphorylation by Protein Kinase A (PKA: DKDADRRW(S/pS)IIAK), Protein Kinase C (PKC: DKDADGWI(T/pT)FRRKA), and Casein Kinase 1 (CK1: DKDADDWA(S/pS)I). Phosphorylation by PKA was quantified in HeLa cell extracts, with a 4.4× increase in fluorescence (terbium luminescence) observed at 544 nm. The optimized minimal motif includes alternating aspartate residues at positions 1, 3, and 5, plus binding through the main-chain carbonyl at position 7; a lysine at position 2 to provide electrostatic balance and reduce binding in the absence of phosphorylation; an alanine at residue 4 to promote the αL conformation observed at that position of the EF Hand; a tryptophan at residue 7 or 8 to sensitize terbium luminescence; and a phosphorylation site with serine or threonine at residue 9. Residues at positions 6; 7 or 8; and 10 or later may be changed to provide kinase specificity. In the CK1-responsive peptide, the acidic residues in the proto-terbium-binding motif are employed as part of the kinase recognition sequence. This work thus presents fundamental rules for the design of compact phosphorylation-responsive terbium-binding motifs, with potential further application to motifs responsive to other protein post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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39
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Wenzell NA, Ganguly HK, Pandey AK, Bhatt MR, Yap GPA, Zondlo NJ. Electronic and Steric Control of n→π* Interactions: Stabilization of the α-Helix Conformation without a Hydrogen Bond. Chembiochem 2019; 20:963-967. [PMID: 30548564 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The preferred conformations of peptides and proteins are dependent on local interactions that bias the conformational ensemble. The n→π* interaction between consecutive carbonyls promotes compact conformations, including the α-helix and polyproline II helix. In order to further understand the n→π* interaction and to develop methods to promote defined conformational preferences through acyl N-capping motifs, a series of peptides was synthesized in which the electronic and steric properties of the acyl group were modified. Using NMR spectroscopy, van't Hoff analysis of enthalpies, X-ray crystallography, and computational investigations, we observed that more electron-rich donor carbonyls (pivaloyl, iso-butyryl, propionyl) promote stronger n→π* interactions and more compact conformations than acetyl or less electron-rich donor carbonyls (methoxyacetyl, fluoroacetyl, formyl). X-ray crystallography indicates a strong, electronically tunable preference for the α-helix conformation, as observed directly on the φ and ψ torsion angles. Electron-donating acyl groups promote the α-helical conformation, even in the absence of the hydrogen bonding that stabilizes the α-helix. In contrast, electron-withdrawing acyl groups led to more extended conformations. More sterically demanding groups can promote trans amide bonds independent of the electronic effect on n→π* interactions. Chloroacetyl groups additionally promote n→π* interactions through the interaction of the chlorine lone pair with the proximal carbonyl π*. These data provide additional support for an important role of n→π* interactions in the conformational ensemble of disordered or unfolded proteins. Moreover, this work suggests that readily incorporated acyl N-capping motifs that modulate n→π* interactions may be employed rationally to promote conformational biases in peptides, with potential applications in molecular design and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Wenzell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Himal K Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Anil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Megh R Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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40
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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41
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Treviño MÁ, Pantoja-Uceda D, Menéndez M, Gomez MV, Mompeán M, Laurents DV. The Singular NMR Fingerprint of a Polyproline II Helical Bundle. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16988-17000. [PMID: 30430829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyproline II (PPII) helices play vital roles in biochemical recognition events and structures like collagen and form part of the conformational landscapes of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Nevertheless, this structure is generally hard to detect and quantify. Here, we report the first thorough NMR characterization of a PPII helical bundle protein, the Hypogastrura harveyi "snow flea" antifreeze protein (sfAFP). J-couplings and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy confirm a natively folded structure consisting of six PPII helices. NMR spectral analyses reveal quite distinct Hα2 versus Hα3 chemical shifts for 28 Gly residues as well as 13Cα, 15N, and 1HN conformational chemical shifts (Δδ) unique to PPII helical bundles. The 15N Δδ and 1HN Δδ values and small negative 1HN temperature coefficients evince hydrogen-bond formation. 1H-15N relaxation measurements reveal that the backbone structure is generally highly rigid on ps-ns time scales. NMR relaxation parameters and biophysical characterization reveal that sfAFP is chiefly a dimer. For it, a structural model featuring the packing of long, flat hydrophobic faces at the dimer interface is advanced. The conformational stability, measured by amide H/D exchange to be 6.24 ± 0.2 kcal·mol-1, is elevated. These are extraordinary findings considering the great entropic cost of fixing Gly residues and, together with the remarkable upfield chemical shifts of 28 Gly 1Hα, evidence significant stabilizing contributions from CαHα ||| O═C hydrogen bonds. These stabilizing interactions are corroborated by density functional theory calculations and natural bonding orbital analysis. The singular conformational chemical shifts, J-couplings, high hNOE ratios, small negative temperature coefficients, and slowed H/D exchange constitute a unique set of fingerprints to identify PPII helical bundles, which may be formed by hundreds of Gly-rich motifs detected in sequence databases. These results should aid the quantification of PPII helices in IDPs, the development of improved antifreeze proteins, and the incorporation of PPII helices into novel designed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Treviño
- "Rocasolano" Institute for Physical Chemistry , Spanish National Research Council , Serrano 119 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - David Pantoja-Uceda
- "Rocasolano" Institute for Physical Chemistry , Spanish National Research Council , Serrano 119 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- "Rocasolano" Institute for Physical Chemistry , Spanish National Research Council , Serrano 119 , 28006 Madrid , Spain.,Ciber of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) , Melchor Fernández de Almargo 3 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Victoria Gomez
- University of Castile-La Mancha, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Miguel Mompeán
- University of Castile-La Mancha, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Douglas V Laurents
- "Rocasolano" Institute for Physical Chemistry , Spanish National Research Council , Serrano 119 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
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42
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Zachara NE. Critical observations that shaped our understanding of the function(s) of intracellular glycosylation (O-GlcNAc). FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3950-3975. [PMID: 30414174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the first descriptions of proteins conjugated to carbohydrates (mucins), several studies suggested that glycoproteins were not restricted to the serum, extracellular matrix, cell surface, or endomembrane system. In the 1980s, key data emerged demonstrating that intracellular proteins were modified by monosaccharides of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Subsequently, this modification was identified on thousands of proteins that regulate cellular processes as diverse as protein aggregation, localization, post-translational modifications, activity, and interactions. In this Review, we will highlight critical discoveries that shaped our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the impact of O-GlcNAc on protein function, the role that O-GlcNAc plays in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAc-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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43
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Bermejo IA, Usabiaga I, Compañón I, Castro-López J, Insausti A, Fernández JA, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Asensio JL, Peregrina JM, Jiménez-Osés G, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Cocinero EJ, Corzana F. Water Sculpts the Distinctive Shapes and Dynamics of the Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Tn Antigens: Implications for Their Molecular Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9952-9960. [PMID: 30004703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-associated carbohydrate Tn antigens include two variants, αGalNAc- O-Thr and αGalNAc- O-Ser. In solution, they exhibit dissimilar shapes and dynamics and bind differently to the same protein receptor. Here, we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that their conformational preferences in the gas phase are highly similar, revealing the essential role of water. We propose that water molecules prompt the rotation around the glycosidic linkage in the threonine derivative, shielding its hydrophobic methyl group and allowing an optimal solvation of the polar region of the antigen. The unusual arrangement of αGalNAc- O-Thr features a water molecule bound into a "pocket" between the sugar and the threonine. This mechanism is supported by trapping, for the first time, such localized water in the crystal structures of an antibody bound to two glycopeptides that comprise fluorinated Tn antigens in their structure. According to several reported X-ray structures, installing oxygenated amino acids in specific regions of the receptor capable of displacing the bridging water molecule to the bulk-solvent may facilitate the molecular recognition of the Tn antigen with threonine. Overall, our data also explain how water fine-tunes the 3D structure features of similar molecules, which in turn are behind their distinct biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A Bermejo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Imanol Usabiaga
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), 48080 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Jorge Castro-López
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza , BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Aran Insausti
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), 48080 Bilbao , Spain.,Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - José A Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), 48080 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Jesús H Busto
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A , 48170 Derio , Spain.,Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 13 , 48009 Bilbao , Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology , University of the Basque Country , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Juan L Asensio
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General , IQOG-CSIC. 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesús M Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza , BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza , Spain.,Fundación ARAID , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Emilio J Cocinero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), 48080 Bilbao , Spain.,Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química , Universidad de La Rioja , 26006 Logroño , Spain
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44
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Martínez-Sáez N, Peregrina JM, Corzana F. Principles of mucin structure: implications for the rational design of cancer vaccines derived from MUC1-glycopeptides. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7154-7175. [PMID: 29022615 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00858e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is currently one of the world's most serious public health problems. Significant efforts are being made to develop new strategies that can eradicate tumours selectively without detrimental effects to healthy cells. One promising approach is focused on the design of vaccines that contain partially glycosylated mucins in their formulation. Although some of these vaccines are in clinical trials, a lack of knowledge about the molecular basis that governs the antigen presentation, and the interactions between antigens and the elicited antibodies has limited their success thus far. This review focuses on the most significant milestones achieved to date in the conformational analysis of tumour-associated MUC1 derivatives both in solution and bound to antibodies. The effect that the carbohydrate scaffold has on the peptide backbone structure and the role of the sugar in molecular recognition by antibodies are emphasised. The outcomes summarised in this review may be a useful guide to develop new antigens for the design of cancer vaccines in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martínez-Sáez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
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45
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Liu T, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chen M, Wang J, Qian X, Qin W. Sensitive Western-Blot Analysis of Azide-Tagged Protein Post Translational Modifications Using Thermoresponsive Polymer Self-Assembly. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2186-2192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Weijie Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China
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Rani L, Mallajosyula SS. Phosphorylation versus O-GlcNAcylation: Computational Insights into the Differential Influences of the Two Competitive Post-Translational Modifications. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10618-10638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India - 382355
| | - Sairam S. Mallajosyula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India - 382355
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Gorsky MK, Burnouf S, Sofola-Adesakin O, Dols J, Augustin H, Weigelt CM, Grönke S, Partridge L. Pseudo-acetylation of multiple sites on human Tau proteins alters Tau phosphorylation and microtubule binding, and ameliorates amyloid beta toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9984. [PMID: 28855586 PMCID: PMC5577152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is highly soluble and natively unfolded. Its dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where it aggregates within neurons. Deciphering the physiological and pathogenic roles of human Tau (hTau) is crucial to further understand the mechanisms leading to its dysfunction in vivo. We have used a knock-out/knock-in strategy in Drosophila to generate a strain with hTau inserted into the endogenous fly tau locus and expressed under the control of the endogenous fly tau promoter, thus avoiding potential toxicity due to genetic over-expression. hTau knock-in (KI) proteins were expressed at normal, endogenous levels, bound to fly microtubules and were post-translationally modified, hence displaying physiological properties. We used this new model to investigate the effects of acetylation on hTau toxicity in vivo. The simultaneous pseudo-acetylation of hTau at lysines 163, 280, 281 and 369 drastically decreased hTau phosphorylation and significantly reduced its binding to microtubules in vivo. These molecular alterations were associated with ameliorated amyloid beta toxicity. Our results indicate acetylation of hTau on multiple sites regulates its biology and ameliorates amyloid beta toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karina Gorsky
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvie Burnouf
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oyinkan Sofola-Adesakin
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Augustin
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carina Marianne Weigelt
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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48
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O-GlcNAc cycling and the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic dynamics. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:427-436. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic carbohydrate post-translational modification (PTM) O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is found on thousands of proteins throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm, and rivals phosphorylation in terms of the number of substrates and pathways influenced. O-GlcNAc is highly conserved and essential in most organisms, with disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling linked to diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. Nuclear pore proteins were the first identified O-GlcNAc-modified substrates, generating intense and ongoing interest in understanding the role of O-GlcNAc cycling in nuclear pore complex structure and function. Recent advances in detecting and altering O-GlcNAcylation levels have provided insights into many mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation influences the nucleocytoplasmic localization and stability of protein targets. The emerging view is that the multifunctional enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling are critical nutrient-sensing components of a complex network of signaling cascades involving multiple PTMs. Furthermore, O-GlcNAc plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the nuclear pore and regulating its function as the gatekeeper of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
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Tressler CM, Zondlo NJ. Perfluoro-tert-butyl Homoserine Is a Helix-Promoting, Highly Fluorinated, NMR-Sensitive Aliphatic Amino Acid: Detection of the Estrogen Receptor·Coactivator Protein-Protein Interaction by 19F NMR. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1062-1074. [PMID: 28165218 PMCID: PMC5894335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly fluorinated amino acids can stabilize proteins and complexes with proteins, via enhanced hydrophobicity, and provide novel methods for identification of specific molecular events in complex solutions, via selective detection by 19F NMR and the absence of native 19F signals in biological contexts. However, the potential applications of 19F NMR in probing biological processes are limited both by the strong propensities of most highly fluorinated amino acids for the extended conformation and by the relatively modest sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy, which typically constrains measurements to mid-micromolar concentrations. Herein, we demonstrate that perfluoro-tert-butyl homoserine exhibits a propensity for compact conformations, including α-helix and polyproline helix (PPII), that is similar to that of methionine. Perfluoro-tert-butyl homoserine has nine equivalent fluorines that do not couple to any other nuclei, resulting in a sharp singlet that can be sensitively detected rapidly at low micromolar concentrations. Perfluoro-tert-butyl homoserine was incorporated at sites of leucine residues within the α-helical LXXLL short linear motif of estrogen receptor (ER) coactivator peptides. A peptide containing perfluoro-tert-butyl homoserine at position i + 3 of the ER coactivator LXXLL motif exhibited a Kd of 2.2 μM for the estradiol-bound estrogen receptor, similar to that of the native ligand. 19F NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the sensitive detection (5 μM concentration, 128 scans) of binding of the peptide to the ER and of inhibition of protein-protein interaction by the native ligand or by the ER antagonist tamoxifen. These results suggest diverse potential applications of perfluoro-tert-butyl homoserine in probing protein function and protein-protein interfaces in complex solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Tressler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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50
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Jangholi A, Ashrafi-Kooshk MR, Arab SS, Riazi G, Mokhtari F, Poorebrahim M, Mahdiuni H, Kurganov BI, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Khodarahmi R. Appraisal of role of the polyanionic inducer length on amyloid formation by 412-residue 1N4R Tau protein: A comparative study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 609:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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