1
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Hao T, Feng K, Jin H, Li J, Zhou C, Liu X, Zhao W, Yu F, Li T. Acceptor-Reactivity-Controlled Stereoconvergent Synthesis and Immunological Activity of a Unique Pentasaccharide from the Cell Wall Polysaccharide of Cutibacterium acnes C7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405297. [PMID: 38651620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cell-surface polysaccharides are involved in various biological processes and have attracted widespread attention as potential targets for developing carbohydrate-based drugs. However, the accessibility to structurally well-defined polysaccharide or related active oligosaccharide domains remains challenging. Herein, we describe an efficiently stereocontrolled approach for the first total synthesis of a unique pentasaccharide repeating unit containing four difficult-to-construct 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkages from the cell wall polysaccharide of Cutibacterium acnes C7. The features of our approach include: 1) acceptor-reactivity-controlled glycosylation to stereoselectively construct two challenging rare 1,2-cis-ManA2,3(NAc)2 (β-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid) linkages, 2) combination use of 6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (6-O-TBDPS)-mediated steric shielding effect and ether solvent effect to stereoselectively install a 1,2-cis-glucosidic linkage, 3) bulky 4,6-di-O-tert-butylsilylene (DTBS)-directed glycosylation to stereospecifically construct a 1,2-cis-galactosidic linkage, 4) stereoconvergent [2+2+1] and one-pot chemoselective glycosylation to rapidly assemble the target pentasaccharide. Immunological activity tests suggest that the pentasaccharide can induce the production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingbang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Mamirgova ZZ, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Synthesis of sialyl halides with various acyl protective groups. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109033. [PMID: 38295530 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl halides are historically one of the first glycosyl donors used in glycosylation reactions, and interest in glycosylation reactions involving this class of glycosyl donors is currently increasing. New methods for their activation have been proposed and effective syntheses of oligosaccharides with their participation have been developed. At the same time, the possibilities of using these approaches to the synthesis of sialosides are restricted by the limited diversity of known sialyl halides (previously, mainly sialyl chlorides, less often sialyl bromides and sialyl fluorides, with acetyl (Ac) groups at the oxygen atoms and AcNH, Ac2N and N3 groups at C-5 were used). This work describes the synthesis of six new N-acetyl- and N-trifluoroacetyl-sialyl chlorides and bromides with O-chloroacetyl and O-trifluoroacetyl protective groups. Preparation of N,O-trifluoroacetyl protected derivatives was made possible due to development of the synthesis of sialic acid methyl ester pentaol with N-trifluoroacetyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Z Mamirgova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation.
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3
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de Kleijne FFJ, Ter Braak F, Piperoudis D, Moons PH, Moons SJ, Elferink H, White PB, Boltje TJ. Detection and Characterization of Rapidly Equilibrating Glycosylation Reaction Intermediates Using Exchange NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26190-26201. [PMID: 38008912 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective introduction of glycosidic bonds (glycosylation) is one of the main challenges in the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Glycosylation reaction mechanisms are difficult to control because, in many cases, the exact reactive species driving product formation cannot be detected and the product outcome cannot be explained by the primary reaction intermediate observed. In these cases, reactions are expected to take place via other low-abundance reaction intermediates that are in rapid equilibrium with the primary reaction intermediate via a Curtin-Hammett scenario. Despite this principle being well-known in organic synthesis, mechanistic studies investigating this model in glycosylation reactions are complicated by the challenge of detecting the extremely short-lived reactive species responsible for product formation. Herein, we report the utilization of the chemical equilibrium between low-abundance reaction intermediates and the stable, readily observed α-glycosyl triflate intermediate in order to infer the structure of the former species by employing exchange NMR. Using this technique, we enabled the detection of reaction intermediates such as β-glycosyl triflates and glycosyl dioxanium ions. This demonstrates the power of exchange NMR to unravel reaction mechanisms as we aim to build a catalog of kinetic parameters, allowing for the understanding and eventual prediction of glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank F J de Kleijne
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Ter Braak
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Piperoudis
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam J Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Hou M, Xiang Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Wang N, Shi H, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Glycosides via Iron Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:832-837. [PMID: 36700622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An Fe-catalyzed 2-deoxy glycosylation method was developed from 3,4-O-carbonate glycals directly at room temperature. This novel approach enabled facile access to alkyl and aryl 2-deoxy glycosides in high yields with exclusive α-stereoselectivity, tolerating various alcohols, phenols, and glycals. The synthetic utility and advantage of this strategy have been demonstrated by the modification of six natural products and the construction of a tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
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5
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Sasaki K, Uesaki N. Conformationally restricted donors for stereoselective glycosylation. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:107-155. [PMID: 36470647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nucleophilic reactions using sugars as electrophiles, i.e., glycosyl donors, their conformation affects the generation rate or stability of the glycosyl cation intermediates and determines at which side of the SN2-SN1 borderline and at what rate the reaction occurs. In addition, changes in the conformation create the steric or stereoelectronic effects of the substituents, which also change the reaction rate and stereoselectivity. Bulky silyl protecting groups, uronic acid esters, and transannular structures have been utilized to change the conformation. Consequently, reactions with unique reactivities and stereoselectivities have been developed. In this chapter, a discussion of the reaction mechanisms relating stereoselectivity to conformation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan.
| | - Nanako Uesaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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6
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Elferink H, Remmerswaal WA, Houthuijs KJ, Jansen O, Hansen T, Rijs AM, Berden G, Martens J, Oomens J, Codée JDC, Boltje TJ. Competing C-4 and C-5-Acyl Stabilization of Uronic Acid Glycosyl Cations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201724. [PMID: 35959853 PMCID: PMC9825916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Uronic acids are carbohydrates carrying a terminal carboxylic acid and have a unique reactivity in stereoselective glycosylation reactions. Herein, the competing intramolecular stabilization of uronic acid cations by the C-5 carboxylic acid or the C-4 acetyl group was studied with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS). IRIS reveals that a mixture of bridged ions is formed, in which the mixture is driven towards the C-1,C-5 dioxolanium ion when the C-5,C-2-relationship is cis, and towards the formation of the C-1,C-4 dioxepanium ion when this relation is trans. Isomer-population analysis and interconversion barrier computations show that the two bridged structures are not in dynamic equilibrium and that their ratio parallels the density functional theory computed stability of the structures. These studies reveal how the intrinsic interplay of the different functional groups influences the formation of the different regioisomeric products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsSynthetic Organic ChemistryRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Kas J. Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Oscar Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTUBUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands,Division of BioAnalytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Univeristeit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsSynthetic Organic ChemistryRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
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7
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Mukherjee MM, Ghosh R, Hanover JA. Recent Advances in Stereoselective Chemical O-Glycosylation Reactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:896187. [PMID: 35775080 PMCID: PMC9237389 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.896187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates involving glycoconjugates play a pivotal role in many life processes. Better understanding toward glycobiological events including the structure–function relationship of these biomolecules and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes including tailor-made vaccine development and synthesis of structurally well-defined oligosaccharides (OS) become important. Efficient chemical glycosylation in high yield and stereoselectivity is however challenging and depends on the fine tuning of a protection profile to get matching glycosyl donor–acceptor reactivity along with proper use of other important external factors like catalyst, solvent, temperature, activator, and additive. So far, many glycosylation methods have been reported including several reviews also. In the present review, we will concentrate our discussion on the recent trend on α- and β-selective glycosylation reactions reported during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
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8
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Alex C, Demchenko AV. Recent Advances in Stereocontrolled Mannosylation: Focus on Glycans Comprising Acidic and/or Amino Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3278-3294. [PMID: 34661961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to describe accomplishments made in the stereoselective synthesis of β-linked mannosides functionalized with carboxyls or amines/amides. These ManNAc, ManA and ManNAcA residues found in many glycoconjugates, bacterial polysaccharides, and alginates have consistently captured interest of the glycoscience community both due to synthetic challenge and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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9
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Franconetti A, Ardá A, Asensio JL, Blériot Y, Thibaudeau S, Jiménez-Barbero J. Glycosyl Oxocarbenium Ions: Structure, Conformation, Reactivity, and Interactions. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2552-2564. [PMID: 33930267 PMCID: PMC8173606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates (glycans, saccharides, and sugars) are essential molecules in all domains of life. Research on glycoscience spans from chemistry to biomedicine, including material science and biotechnology. Access to pure and well-defined complex glycans using synthetic methods depends on the success of the employed glycosylation reaction. In most cases, the mechanism of the glycosylation reaction is believed to involve the oxocarbenium ion. Understanding the structure, conformation, reactivity, and interactions of this glycosyl cation is essential to predict the outcome of the reaction. In this Account, building on our contributions on this topic, we discuss the theoretical and experimental approaches that have been employed to decipher the key features of glycosyl cations, from their structures to their interactions and reactivity.We also highlight that, from a chemical perspective, the glycosylation reaction can be described as a continuum, from unimolecular SN1 with naked oxocarbenium cations as intermediates to bimolecular SN2-type mechanisms, which involve the key role of counterions and donors. All these factors should be considered and are discussed herein. The importance of dissociative mechanisms (involving contact ion pairs, solvent-separated ion pairs, solvent-equilibrated ion pairs) with bimolecular features in most reactions is also highlighted.The role of theoretical calculations to predict the conformation, dynamics, and reactivity of the oxocarbenium ion is also discussed, highlighting the advances in this field that now allow access to the conformational preferences of a variety of oxocarbenium ions and their reactivities under SN1-like conditions.Specifically, the ground-breaking use of superacids to generate these cations is emphasized, since it has permitted characterization of the structure and conformation of a variety of glycosyl oxocarbenium ions in superacid solution by NMR spectroscopy.We also pay special attention to the reactivity of these glycosyl ions, which depends on the conditions, including the counterions, the possible intra- or intermolecular participation of functional groups that may stabilize the cation and the chemical nature of the acceptor, either weak or strong nucleophile. We discuss recent investigations from different experimental perspectives, which identified the involved ionic intermediates, estimating their lifetimes and reactivities and studying their interactions with other molecules. In this context, we also emphasize the relationship between the chemical methods that can be employed to modulate the sensitivity of glycosyl cations and the way in which glycosyl modifying enzymes (glycosyl hydrolases and transferases) build and cleave glycosidic linkages in nature. This comparison provides inspiration on the use of molecules that regulate the stability and reactivity of glycosyl cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franconetti
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
- lkerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Instituto
de Química Orgánica (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Blériot
- Université
de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS
7285, Equipe “OrgaSynth”, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073 cedex 9 Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Université
de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS
7285, Equipe “OrgaSynth”, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073 cedex 9 Poitiers, France
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
- lkerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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10
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Alex C, Visansirikul S, Demchenko AV. A versatile approach to the synthesis of glycans containing mannuronic acid residues. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2731-2743. [PMID: 33687051 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a new method for a highly effective synthesis of β-glycosides from mannuronic acid donors equipped with the 3-O-picoloyl group. The stereocontrol of glycosylations was achieved by means of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD). The method was utilized for the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide linked viaβ-(1 → 3)-mannuronic linkages. We have also investigated 3,6-lactonized glycosyl donors that provided moderate to high β-manno stereoselectivity in glycosylations. A method to achieve complete α-manno stereoselectivity with mannuronic acid donors equipped with 3-O-benzoyl group is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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11
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Li X, Wang D, Zhang P, Yu G, Cai C. Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Marine Acidic Carbohydrates. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201230120805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ocean supplies abundant active compounds, including small organic molecules,
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, with diverse biological functions. The high-value
transformation of marine carbohydrates primarily refers to their pharmaceutical, food, and
cosmetic applications. However, it is still a big challenge to obtain these marine carbohydrates
in well-defined structures. Synthesis is a powerful approach to access marine oligosaccharides,
polysaccharide derivatives, and glycomimetics. In this review, we focus on the
chemical synthesis of marine acidic carbohydrates with uronic acid building blocks such as
alginate, and glycosaminoglycans. Regioselective sulfation using a chemical approach is also
highlighted in the synthesis of marine oligosaccharides, as well as the multivalent glycodendrimers
and glycopolymers for achieving specific functions. This review summarizes recent
advances in the synthesis of marine acidic carbohydrates, as well as their preliminary structure activity relationship
(SAR) studies, which establishes a foundation for the development of novel marine carbohydrate-based drugs and
functional reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Chang CW, Lin MH, Wang CC. Statistical Analysis of Glycosylation Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 27:2556-2568. [PMID: 32939892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is one of the practical approaches to access carbohydrate-based natural products and their derivatives with high quality and in a large quantity. However, stereoselectivity during the glycosylation reaction is the main challenge because the reaction can generate both α- and β-glycosides. The main focus of the present article is the concept of recent mechanistic studies that have applied statistical analysis and quantitation for defining stereoselective changes during the reaction process. Based on experimental evidence, a detailed discussion associated with the mechanism and degree of influence affecting the stereoselective outcome of glycosylation is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program (Taiwan), International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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13
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Chang CW, Lin MH, Wu CH, Chiang TY, Wang CC. Mapping Mechanisms in Glycosylation Reactions with Donor Reactivity: Avoiding Generation of Side Products. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15945-15963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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14
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Santana AG, Montalvillo-Jiménez L, Díaz-Casado L, Corzana F, Merino P, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gómez AM, Asensio JL. Dissecting the Essential Role of Anomeric β-Triflates in Glycosylation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12501-12514. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento Quı́mica and Centro de Investigación en Sı́ntesis Quı́mica, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Rioja, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fı́sica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC-bioGUNE), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC-bioGUNE), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque
| | - Ana M. Gómez
- Instituto de Quı́mica Orgánica (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Hansen T, Lebedel L, Remmerswaal WA, van der Vorm S, Wander DPA, Somers M, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, Désiré J, Mingot A, Bleriot Y, van der Marel GA, Thibaudeau S, Codée JDC. Defining the S N1 Side of Glycosylation Reactions: Stereoselectivity of Glycopyranosyl Cations. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:781-788. [PMID: 31139714 PMCID: PMC6535769 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The broad application of well-defined synthetic oligosaccharides in glycobiology and glycobiotechnology is largely hampered by the lack of sufficient amounts of synthetic carbohydrate specimens. Insufficient knowledge of the glycosylation reaction mechanism thwarts the routine assembly of these materials. Glycosyl cations are key reactive intermediates in the glycosylation reaction, but their high reactivity and fleeting nature have precluded the determination of clear structure-reactivity-stereoselectivity principles for these species. We report a combined experimental and computational method that connects the stereoselectivity of oxocarbenium ions to the full ensemble of conformations these species can adopt, mapped in conformational energy landscapes (CEL), in a quantitative manner. The detailed description of stereoselective SN1-type glycosylation reactions firmly establishes glycosyl cations as true reaction intermediates and will enable the generation of new stereoselective glycosylation methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludivine Lebedel
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Vorm
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis P. A. Wander
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Somers
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Désiré
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Agnès Mingot
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Yves Bleriot
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | | | - Sebastien Thibaudeau
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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16
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Sletten ET, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Are Brønsted Acids the True Promoter of Metal-Triflate-Catalyzed Glycosylations? A Mechanistic Probe into 1,2- cis-Aminoglycoside Formation by Nickel Triflate. ACS Catal 2019; 9:2110-2123. [PMID: 31819822 PMCID: PMC6900934 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal triflates have been utilized to catalytically facilitate numerous glycosylation reactions under mild conditions. In some methods, the metal triflate system provides stereocontrol during the glycosylation, rather than the nature of protecting groups on the substrate. Despite these advances, the true activating nature of metal triflates remains unclear. Our findings indicated that the in situ generation of trace amounts of triflic acid from metal triflates can be the active catalyst species in the glycosylation. This fact has been mentioned previously in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions; however, a thorough study on the subject and its implications on stereoselectivity has yet to be performed. Experimental evidence from control reactions and 19F NMR spectroscopy have been obtained to confirm and quantify the triflic acid released from nickel triflate, for which it is of paramount importance in achieving a stereoselective 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond formation via a transient anomeric triflate. A putative intermediate resembling that of a glycosyl triflate has been detected using variable temperature NMR (1H and 13C) experiments. These observations, together with density functional theory calculations and a kinetic study, corroborate a mechanism involving triflic acid-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation with N-substituted trifluoromethylbenzylideneamino protected electrophiles. Specifically, triflic acid facilitates formation of a glycosyl triflate intermediate which then undergoes isomerization from the stable α-anomer to the more reactive β-anomer. Subsequent SN2-like displacement of the reactive anomer by a nucleophile is highly favorable for the production of 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Although there is a previously reported work regarding glycosyl triflates, none of these reports have been confirmed to come from the counter ion of the metal center. Our work provides supporting evidence for the induction of a glycosyl triflate through the role of triflic acid in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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17
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van der Vorm S, Hansen T, van Hengst JMA, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Acceptor reactivity in glycosylation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4688-4706. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the reactivity of the glycosyl acceptor on the outcome of glycosylation reactions is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2333 CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2333 CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
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18
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Zheng Z, Zhang L. Gold-catalyzed synthesis of α-D-glucosides using an o-ethynylphenyl β-D-1-thioglucoside donor. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:56-63. [PMID: 30439547 PMCID: PMC6358439 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed glucosylation method using an o-ethynylphenyl β-D-1-thioglucoside as donor is described. The reaction proceeds in a mostly SN2 pathway. A series of α-D-glucosides are obtained in good yields and with up to 19:1 α-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, United States.
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19
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Chapman RN, Liu L, Boons GJ. 4,6- O-Pyruvyl Ketal Modified N-Acetylmannosamine of the Secondary Cell Wall Polysaccharide of Bacillus anthracis Is the Anchoring Residue for Its Surface Layer Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17079-17085. [PMID: 30452253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP) of Bacillus anthracis plays a key role in the organization of the cell envelope of vegetative cells and is intimately involved in host-guest interactions. Genetic studies have indicated that it anchors S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins, which are involved in multiple vital biological functions, to the cell surface of B. anthracis. Phenotypic observations indicate that specific functional groups of the terminal unit of SCWP, including 4,6- O-pyruvyl ketal and acetyl esters, are important for binding of these proteins. These observations are based on genetic manipulations and have not been corroborated by direct binding studies. To address this issue, a synthetic strategy was developed that could provide a range of pyruvylated oligosaccharides derived from B. anthracis SCWP bearing base-labile acetyl esters and free amino groups. The resulting oligosaccharides were used in binding studies with a panel of S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins, which identified structural features of SCWP important for binding. A single pyruvylated ManNAc monosaccharide exhibited strong binding to all proteins, making it a promising structure for S-layer protein manipulation. The acetyl esters and free amine of SCWP did not significantly impact binding, and this observation is contrary to a proposed model in which SCWP acetylation is a prerequisite for association of some but not all S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Chapman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
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20
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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21
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Elferink H, Severijnen ME, Martens J, Mensink RA, Berden G, Oomens J, Rutjes FPJT, Rijs AM, Boltje TJ. Direct Experimental Characterization of Glycosyl Cations by Infrared Ion Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6034-6038. [PMID: 29656643 PMCID: PMC5958338 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl cations are crucial intermediates formed during enzymatic and chemical glycosylation. The intrinsic high reactivity and short lifetime of these reaction intermediates make them very challenging to characterize using spectroscopic techniques. Herein, we report the use of collision induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry to generate glycosyl cations in the gas phase followed by infrared ion spectroscopy using the FELIX infrared free electron laser. The experimentally observed IR spectra were compared to DFT calculated spectra enabling the detailed structural elucidation of elusive glycosyl oxocarbenium and dioxolenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Elferink
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marion E. Severijnen
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens A. Mensink
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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23
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Zhang Q, Howell PL, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Chemical synthesis of guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid (GDP-ManA) and its C-4-O-methyl and C-4-deoxy congeners. Carbohydr Res 2017; 450:12-18. [PMID: 28822279 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Described is the first synthesis of guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid (GDP-ManA), the sugar donor used by algae and bacteria for the production of alginate, an anionic polysaccharide composed of β-d-mannuronic acid (ManA) and α-l-guluronic acid (GulA). Understanding the biosynthesis of these polyanionic polysaccharides on the molecular level, opens up avenues to use and modulate the biosynthesis machinery for biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The synthesis reported here delivers multi-milligram amounts of the GDP-ManA donor that can be used to study the polymerase (Alg8 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that generates the poly-ManA chain. Also reported is the assembly of two close analogues of GDP-ManA: the first bears a C-4-O-methyl group, while the second has been deoxygenated at this position. Both molecules may be used as "chain stoppers" in future enzymatic ManA polymerisation reactions. The crucial pyrophosphate linkage of the GDP-mannuronic acids has been constructed by the phosphorylation of the appropriate ManA-1-phosphates with a guanosine phosphoramidite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingju Zhang
- Bio-organic Synthesis Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Bio-organic Synthesis Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Bio-organic Synthesis Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Bio-organic Synthesis Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Bio-organic Synthesis Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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24
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van Rijssel ER, Janssen APA, Males A, Davies GJ, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC. Conformational Behaviour of Azasugars Based on Mannuronic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1297-1304. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin R. van Rijssel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P. A. Janssen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Males
- York Structural Biology Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; The University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; The University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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25
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van der Vorm S, Hansen T, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. The influence of acceptor nucleophilicity on the glycosylation reaction mechanism. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1867-1875. [PMID: 28553477 PMCID: PMC5424809 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04638j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of model nucleophiles of gradually changing nucleophilicity is used to probe the glycosylation reaction mechanism. Glycosylations of ethanol-based acceptors, bearing varying amounts of fluorine atoms, report on the dependency of the stereochemistry in condensation reactions on the nucleophilicity of the acceptor. Three different glycosylation systems were scrutinized, that differ in the reaction mechanism, that - putatively - prevails during the coupling reaction. It is revealed that the stereoselectivity in glycosylations of benzylidene protected glucose donors are very susceptible to acceptor nucleophilicity whereas condensations of benzylidene mannose and mannuronic acid donors represent more robust glycosylation systems in terms of diastereoselectivity. The change in stereoselectivity with decreasing acceptor nucleophilicity is related to a change in reaction mechanism shifting from the SN2 side to the SN1 side of the reactivity spectrum. Carbohydrate acceptors are examined and the reactivity-selectivity profile of these nucleophiles mirrored those of the model acceptors studied. The set of model ethanol acceptors thus provides a simple and effective "toolbox" to investigate glycosylation reaction mechanisms and report on the robustness of glycosylation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van der Vorm
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - T Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - H S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - G A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - J D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
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26
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Hagen B, Ali S, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Mapping the Reactivity and Selectivity of 2-Azidofucosyl Donors for the Assembly of N-Acetylfucosamine-Containing Bacterial Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:848-868. [PMID: 28051314 PMCID: PMC5332126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of complex oligosaccharides is often hindered by a lack of knowledge on the reactivity and selectivity of their constituent building blocks. We investigated the reactivity and selectivity of 2-azidofucosyl (FucN3) donors, valuable synthons in the synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxyfucose (FucNAc) containing oligosaccharides. Six FucN3 donors, bearing benzyl, benzoyl, or tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting groups at the C3-O and C4-O positions, were synthesized, and their reactivity was assessed in a series of glycosylations using acceptors of varying nucleophilicity and size. It was found that more reactive nucleophiles and electron-withdrawing benzoyl groups on the donor favor the formation of β-glycosides, while poorly reactive nucleophiles and electron-donating protecting groups on the donor favor α-glycosidic bond formation. Low-temperature NMR activation studies of Bn- and Bz-protected donors revealed the formation of covalent FucN3 triflates and oxosulfonium triflates. From these results, a mechanistic explanation is offered in which more reactive acceptors preferentially react via an SN2-like pathway, while less reactive acceptors react via an SN1-like pathway. The knowledge obtained in this reactivity study was then applied in the construction of α-FucN3 linkages relevant to bacterial saccharides. Finally, a modular synthesis of the Staphylococcus aureus type 5 capsular polysaccharide repeating unit, a trisaccharide consisting of two FucNAc units, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Hagen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden , Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Tang SL, Pohl NLB. Automated fluorous-assisted solution-phase synthesis of β-1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,6-mannan oligomers. Carbohydr Res 2016; 430:8-15. [PMID: 27155895 PMCID: PMC4893899 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Automated solution-phase syntheses of β-1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,6-mannan oligomers have been accomplished by applying a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. Fluorous-tag-assisted purification after each reaction cycle allowed the synthesis of short β-mannan oligomers with limited loading of glycosyl donor-as low as 3.0 equivalents for each glycosylation cycle. This study showed the capability of the automated solution-phase synthesis protocol for synthesizing various challenging glycosides, including use of a C-5 ester as a protecting group that could be converted under reductive conditions to a hydroxymethyl group for chain extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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28
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On the Reactivity of Gulose and Guluronic Acid Building Blocks in the Context of Alginate Assembly. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Visansirikul S, Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Halobenzoyl groups in glycosylation: effect on stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosyl donors. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Banerjee A, Senthilkumar S, Baskaran S. Benzylidene Acetal Protecting Group as Carboxylic Acid Surrogate: Synthesis of Functionalized Uronic Acids and Sugar Amino Acids. Chemistry 2015; 22:902-6. [PMID: 26572799 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct oxidation of the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal protecting group to C-6 carboxylic acid has been developed that provides an easy access to a wide range of biologically important and synthetically challenging uronic acid and sugar amino acid derivatives in good yields. The RuCl3 -NaIO4 -mediated oxidative cleavage method eliminates protection and deprotection steps and the reaction takes place under mild conditions. The dual role of the benzylidene acetal, as a protecting group and source of carboxylic acid, was exploited in the efficient synthesis of six-carbon sialic acid analogues and disaccharides bearing uronic acids, including glycosaminoglycan analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-, 600036, India
| | | | - Sundarababu Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-, 600036, India.
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31
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Satoh H, Hansen HS, Manabe S, van Gunsteren WF, Hünenberger PH. Theoretical Investigation of Solvent Effects on Glycosylation Reactions: Stereoselectivity Controlled by Preferential Conformations of the Intermediate Oxacarbenium-Counterion Complex. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 6:1783-97. [PMID: 26615839 DOI: 10.1021/ct1001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of solvent effects on the stereoselectivity of glycosylation reactions is investigated using quantum-mechanical (QM) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, considering a methyl-protected glucopyranoside triflate as a glycosyl donor equivalent and the solvents acetonitrile, ether, dioxane, or toluene, as well as gas-phase conditions (vacuum). The QM calculations on oxacarbenium-solvent complexes do not provide support to the usual solvent-coordination hypothesis, suggesting that an experimentally observed β-selectivity (α-selectivity) is caused by the preferential coordination of a solvent molecule to the reactive cation on the α-side (β-side) of the anomeric carbon. Instead, explicit-solvent MD simulations of the oxacarbenium-counterion (triflate ion) complex (along with corresponding QM calculations) are compatible with an alternative mechanism, termed here the conformer and counterion distribution hypothesis. This new hypothesis suggests that the stereoselectivity is dictated by two interrelated conformational properties of the reactive complex, namely, (1) the conformational preferences of the oxacarbenium pyranose ring, modulating the steric crowding and exposure of the anomeric carbon toward the α or β face, and (2) the preferential coordination of the counterion to the oxacarbenium cation on one side of the anomeric carbon, hindering a nucleophilic attack from this side. For example, in acetonitrile, the calculations suggest a dominant B2,5 ring conformation of the cation with preferential coordination of the counterion on the α side, both factors leading to the experimentally observed β selectivity. Conversely, in dioxane, they suggest a dominant (4)H3 ring conformation with preferential counterion coordination on the β side, both factors leading to the experimentally observed α selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Satoh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Halvor S Hansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wilfred F van Gunsteren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Philippe H Hünenberger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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32
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Tang SL, Linz LB, Bonning BC, Pohl NLB. Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of Insect Glycans to Probe the Binding Affinity of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10482-9. [PMID: 26457763 PMCID: PMC4640232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV)--a plant RNA virus transmitted exclusively by aphids--causes disease in multiple food crops. However, the aphid-virus interactions required for disease transmission are poorly understood. For virus transmission, PEMV binds to a heavily glycosylated receptor aminopeptidase N in the pea aphid gut and is transcytosed across the gut epithelium into the aphid body cavity prior to release in saliva as the aphid feeds. To investigate the role of glycans in PEMV-aphid interactions and explore the possibility of viral control through blocking a glycan interaction, we synthesized insect N-glycan terminal trimannosides by automated solution-phase synthesis. The route features a mannose building block with C-5 ester enforcing a β-linkage, which also provides a site for subsequent chain extension. The resulting insect N-glycan terminal trimannosides with fluorous tags were used in a fluorous microarray to analyze binding with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled PEMV; however, no specific binding between the insect glycan and PEMV was detected. To confirm these microarray results, we removed the fluorous tag from the trimannosides for isothermal titration calorimetry studies with unlabeled PEMV. The ITC studies confirmed the microarray results and suggested that this particular glycan-PEMV interaction is not involved in virus uptake and transport through the aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hach Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lucas B. Linz
- Department
of Entomology, 339 Science
II, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department
of Entomology, 339 Science
II, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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33
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Zhang Q, van Rijssel ER, Walvoort MTC, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Acceptor Reactivity in the Total Synthesis of Alginate Fragments Containing α-L-Guluronic Acid and β-D-Mannuronic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Abstract
![]()
The
first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate
and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a
β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. By utilizing fluorous-tag
assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate
was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl
donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous
solution-phase reaction condition. After a global reduction of the
uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby
demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Tang
- †Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- †Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,‡Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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35
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Zhang Q, van Rijssel ER, Walvoort MTC, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Acceptor Reactivity in the Total Synthesis of Alginate Fragments Containing α-L-Guluronic Acid and β-D-Mannuronic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7670-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
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37
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Visansirikul S, Yasomanee JP, Pornsuriyasak P, Kamat MN, Podvalnyy NM, Gobble CP, Thompson M, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. A Concise Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of Capsular Polysaccharide Staphylococcus aureus Type 8. Org Lett 2015; 17:2382-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jagodige P. Yasomanee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Medha N. Kamat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Nikita M. Podvalnyy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Chase P. Gobble
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Melissa Thompson
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Stephen A. Kolodziej
- Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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38
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Frihed TG, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Mechanisms of Glycosylation Reactions Studied by Low-Temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4963-5013. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500434x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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39
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Zhou J, Yang L, Hu W. Stereoselective synthesis of a sulfated tetrasaccharide corresponding to a rare sequence in the galactofucan isolated from Sargassum polycystum. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4718-26. [PMID: 24766314 DOI: 10.1021/jo500503r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first chemical synthesis of a highly sulfated tetrasaccharide 1, as the rare sequence in the galactofucan isolated from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum, was achieved in a convergent and stereoselective manner. The key features of the synthetic strategy include construction of multiple contiguous 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds and [2 + 2] assembly based on the rationally developed d-galactose building block 6. The synthesized oligosaccharides were fully characterized using a combination of coupled-HSQC and other 2D NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Shanghai, 200062, PR China
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40
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Tang Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yu B. Mechanistic Insights into the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Activation of Glycosyl ortho-Alkynylbenzoates for Glycosidation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18396-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4064316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yugen Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Moumé-Pymbock M, Furukawa T, Mondal S, Crich D. Probing the influence of a 4,6-O-acetal on the reactivity of galactopyranosyl donors: verification of the disarming influence of the trans-gauche conformation of C5-C6 bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14249-55. [PMID: 23984633 PMCID: PMC3814037 DOI: 10.1021/ja405588x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a 4,6-O-alkylidene acetal on the rate of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl galactopyranosides and of spontaneous hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl galactopyranosides has been studied through the synthesis and hydrolysis of analogs in which O6 is replaced by a methoxymethylene unit in which the methoxy group adopts either an equatorial or an axial position according to the configuration. Consistent with earlier studies under both acid-catalyzed and spontaneous hydrolysis conditions, the alkylidene acetal, or its 7-carba analog, retards hydrolysis with respect to comparable systems lacking the cyclic protecting group. The configuration at C6 in the 7-carba analogs does not influence the rate of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis but has a minor influence on the rate of spontaneous hydrolysis of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl galactosides, confirming earlier studies on the role played by the hydroxymethyl group conformation on glycoside reactivity. The benzylidene acetal is found to stabilize the α-anomer of galactopyranose derivatives relative to monocyclic analogs. Reasons for the α-selectivity of 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected galactopyranosyl donors bearing neighboring group-active protecting groups at O2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriame Moumé-Pymbock
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Sujit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
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42
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Frihed TG, Walvoort MTC, Codée JDC, van der Marel GA, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Influence of O6 in Mannosylations Using Benzylidene Protected Donors: Stereoelectronic or Conformational Effects? J Org Chem 2013; 78:2191-205. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gylling Frihed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Walvoort MTC, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC. On the reactivity and selectivity of donor glycosides in glycochemistry and glycobiology: trapped covalent intermediates. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Rönnols J, Walvoort MTC, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Widmalm G. Chair interconversion and reactivity of mannuronic acid esters. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8127-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Nokami T, Saito K, Yoshida JI. Synthetic carbohydrate research based on organic electrochemistry. Carbohydr Res 2012; 363:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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46
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Huang M, Garrett GE, Birlirakis N, Bohé L, Pratt DA, Crich D. Dissecting the mechanisms of a class of chemical glycosylation using primary ¹³C kinetic isotope effects. Nat Chem 2012; 4:663-7. [PMID: 22824899 PMCID: PMC3404748 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although arguably the most important reaction in glycoscience, chemical glycosylations are among the least well understood of organic chemical reactions, resulting in an unnecessarily high degree of empiricism and a brake on rational development in this critical area. To address this problem, primary (13)C kinetic isotope effects have now been determined for the formation of β- and α-manno- and glucopyranosides using a natural abundance NMR method. In contrast to the common current assumption, for three of the four cases studied the experimental and computed values are indicative of associative displacement of the intermediate covalent glycosyl trifluoromethanesulfonates. For the formation of the α-mannopyranosides, the experimentally determined KIE differs significantly from that computed for an associative displacement, which is strongly suggestive of a dissociative mechanism that approaches the intermediacy of a glycosyl oxocarbenium ion. The application of analogous experiments to other glycosylation systems should shed further light on their mechanisms and thus assist in the design of better reactions conditions with improved stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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47
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Walvoort MTC, van den Elst H, Plante OJ, Kröck L, Seeberger PH, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis of β-Mannuronic Acid Alginates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4393-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Walvoort MTC, van den Elst H, Plante OJ, Kröck L, Seeberger PH, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis of β-Mannuronic Acid Alginates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Christina AE, Es DVD, Dinkelaar J, Overkleeft HS, Marel GAVD, Codée JDC. β-Rhamnosides from 6-thio mannosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2686-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Codée JDC, Walvoort MTC, de Jong AR, Lodder G, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Mannuronic Acids: Reactivity and Selectivity. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.624284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D. C. Codée
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ana-Rae de Jong
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Lodder
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
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