1
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Kimberly TQ, Wang EYC, Navarro GD, Qi X, Ciesielski KM, Toberer ES, Kauzlarich SM. Into the Void: Single Nanopore in Colloidally Synthesized Bi 2Te 3 Nanoplates with Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6618-6626. [PMID: 39005532 PMCID: PMC11238327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bi2Te3 is a well-known thermoelectric material that was first investigated in the 1960s, optimized over decades, and is now one of the highest performing room-temperature thermoelectric materials to-date. Herein, we report on the colloidal synthesis, growth mechanism, and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 nanoplates with a single nanopore in the center. Analysis of the reaction products during the colloidal synthesis reveals that the reaction progresses via a two-step nucleation and epitaxial growth: first of elemental Te nanorods and then the binary Bi2Te3 nanoplate growth. The rates of epitaxial growth can be controlled during the reaction, thus allowing the formation of a single nanopore in the center of the Bi2Te3 nanoplates. The size of the nanopore can be controlled by changing the pH of the reaction solution, where larger pores with diameter of ∼50 nm are formed at higher pH and smaller pores with diameter of ∼16 nm are formed at lower pH. We propose that the formation of the single nanopore is mediated by the Kirkendall effect and thus the reaction conditions allow for the selective control over pore size. Nanoplates have well-defined hexagonal facets as seen in the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images. The single nanopores have a thin amorphous layer at the edge, revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Thermoelectric properties of the pristine and single-nanopore Bi2Te3 nanoplates were measured in the parallel and perpendicular directions. These properties reveal strong anisotropy with a significant reduction to thermal conductivity and increased electrical resistivity in the perpendicular direction due to the higher number of nanoplate and nanopore interfaces. Furthermore, Bi2Te3 nanoplates with a single nanopore exhibit ultralow lattice thermal conductivity values, reaching ∼0.21 Wm-1K-1 in the perpendicular direction. The lattice thermal conductivity was found to be systematically lowered with pore size, allowing for the realization of a thermoelectric figure of merit, zT of 0.75 at 425 K for the largest pore size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Q Kimberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Evan Y C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gustavo D Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao Qi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kamil M Ciesielski
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Eric S Toberer
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Qin T, Wang T, Zhu J. Recent progress in on-surface synthesis of nanoporous graphene materials. Commun Chem 2024; 7:154. [PMID: 38977754 PMCID: PMC11231364 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials are generated by removing internal degree-3 vertices from graphene and introducing nanopores with specific topological structures, which have been widely explored and exploited for applications in electronic devices, membranes, and energy storage. The inherent properties of NPGs, such as the band structures, field effect mobilities and topological properties, are crucially determined by the geometric structure of nanopores. On-surface synthesis is an emerging strategy to fabricate low-dimensional carbon nanostructures with atomic precision. In this review, we introduce the progress of on-surface synthesis of atomically precise NPGs, and classify NPGs from the aspects of element types, topological structures, pore shapes, and synthesis strategies. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration to further advance the synthesis and applications of NPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Junfa Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China.
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3
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Sarker M, Dobner C, Zahl P, Fiankor C, Zhang J, Saxena A, Aluru N, Enders A, Sinitskii A. Porous Nanographenes, Graphene Nanoribbons, and Nanoporous Graphene Selectively Synthesized from the Same Molecular Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14453-14467. [PMID: 38747845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a family of molecular precursors based on 7,10-dibromo-triphenylenes that can selectively produce different varieties of atomically precise porous graphene nanomaterials through the use of different synthetic environments. Upon Yamamoto polymerization of these molecules in solution, the free rotations of the triphenylene units around the C-C bonds result in the formation of cyclotrimers in high yields. In contrast, in on-surface polymerization of the same molecules on Au(111) these rotations are impeded, and the coupling proceeds toward the formation of long polymer chains. These chains can then be converted to porous graphene nanoribbons (pGNRs) by annealing. Correspondingly, the solution-synthesized cyclotrimers can also be deposited onto Au(111) and converted into porous nanographenes (pNGs) via thermal treatment. Thus, both processes start with the same molecular precursor and end with a porous graphene nanomaterial on Au(111), but the type of product, pNG or pGNR, depends on the specific coupling approach. We also produced extended nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) through the lateral fusion of highly aligned pGNRs on Au(111) that were grown at high coverage. The pNGs can also be synthesized directly in solution by Scholl oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of cyclotrimers. We demonstrate the generality of this approach by synthesizing two varieties of 7,10-dibromo-triphenylenes that selectively produced six nanoporous products with different dimensionalities. The basic 7,10-dibromo-triphenylene monomer is amenable to structural modifications, potentially providing access to many new porous graphene nanomaterials. We show that by constructing different porous structures from the same building blocks, it is possible to tune the energy band gap in a wide range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Christoph Dobner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Percy Zahl
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Christian Fiankor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Axel Enders
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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4
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Khatun S, Samanta S, Addicoat MA, Pradhan A. Bottom-Up Synthesis of Twisted Porous Graphene through a Heterogeneous Scholl Reaction and Its Supercapacitor Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19877-19883. [PMID: 38570930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Anthracene- and pyrene-based twisted porous graphene (AN-Pyre-PG) with an ordered pore structure has been synthesized through bottom-up solution phase synthesis from a conjugated microporous polymer (AN-Pyre-CMP) via a heterogeneous Scholl cyclization reaction. The regular-ordered pores embedded within the graphene structures were analyzed through a Raman spectrum, different morphological analyses, and theoretical studies. A significant change in surface area from AN-Pyre-CMP to AN-Pyre-PG was observed, from 143 to 640 m2/g, respectively. Surface area-driven capacitive properties were also observed. Twisted-structure and ordered porous graphene shows better specific capacitance compared to CMP. AN-Pyre-PG shows a specific capacitance of 629 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, with 91% retention of capacitance after 3000 charge-discharge cycles, whereas AN-Pyre-CMP shows a maximum specific capacitance of 200 F g-1 was observed at 2 A g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahina Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) - Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Siddhartha Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) - Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Anirban Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) - Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
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5
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Alcón I, Cummings AW, Roche S. Tailoring giant quantum transport anisotropy in nanoporous graphenes under electrostatic disorder. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:407-415. [PMID: 38275013 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
During the last 15 years bottom-up on-surface synthesis has been demonstrated as an efficient way to synthesize carbon nanostructures with atomic precision, opening the door to unprecedented electronic control at the nanoscale. Nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) fabricated as two-dimensional arrays of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represent one of the key recent breakthroughs in the field. NPGs interestingly display in-plane transport anisotropy of charge carriers, and such anisotropy was shown to be tunable by modulating quantum interference. Herein, using large-scale quantum transport simulations, we show that electrical anisotropy in NPGs is not only resilient to disorder but can further be massively enhanced by its presence. This outcome paves the way to systematic engineering of quantum transport in NPGs as a novel concept for efficient quantum devices and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aron W Cummings
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stephan Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08070 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Corral-Rascón E, Diaz de Cerio X, Riss A, Yang B, Garcia-Lekue A, Kher-Elden MA, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Nobusue S, Kojima T, Seufert K, Sakaguchi H, Auwärter W, Barth JV. Deceptive orbital confinement at edges and pores of carbon-based 1D and 2D nanoarchitectures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1062. [PMID: 38316774 PMCID: PMC10844643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure defines the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) experiments on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanographenes, and nanoporous graphene (NPG) often determine an apparent electronic orbital confinement into the edges and nanopores, leading to dubious interpretations such as image potential states or super-atom molecular orbitals. We show that these measurements are subject to a wave function decay into the vacuum that masks the undisturbed electronic orbital shape. We use Au(111)-supported semiconducting gulf-type GNRs and NPGs as model systems fostering frontier orbitals that appear confined along the edges and nanopores in STS measurements. DFT calculations confirm that these states originate from valence and conduction bands. The deceptive electronic orbital confinement observed is caused by a loss of Fourier components, corresponding to states of high momentum. This effect can be generalized to other 1D and 2D carbon-based nanoarchitectures and is important for their use in catalysis and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Eduardo Corral-Rascón
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Xabier Diaz de Cerio
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Biao Yang
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Mohammad A Kher-Elden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shunpei Nobusue
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
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7
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Sakr MAS, Saad MA, Abd-Elkader OH, Abdelsalam H, Zhang Q. Promising sensors for pharmaceutical pollutant adsorption using Clar's goblet-based 2D membranes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:889. [PMID: 38195577 PMCID: PMC10776697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the design of new 2D membranes from connected Clar's Goblet as a potential sensor for pharmaceutical pollutants, specifically the painkiller drugs aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac. The electronic, optical, and interaction properties are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The Clar's Goblet membranes (CGMs) that were chosen are semiconductors with an energy gap of around 1.5 eV, according to energy gap calculations and density of states. Molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis shows that CGMs have electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, suggesting their suitability for interacting with pharmaceutical pollutants. The adsorption energies confirm the chemical adsorption of pharmaceutical pollutants with diclofenac showing the strongest adsorption. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of CGMs-drug complexes are analyzed, revealing a redshift compared to the absorption spectrum of CGMs alone, confirming the adsorption of these drugs. Further analysis using hole/electron examinations indicates that the type of excitation is local excitation rather than charge transfer excitation. This study quantitatively characterized hole and electron distribution in excited states using various indices. The analysis revealed local excitation transitions and significant charge transfer between the CGMs molecule and pharmaceutical pollutants. Additionally, non-covalent interaction analysis indicates the presence of van der Waals interactions, highlighting the adsorption behavior of the drugs. These results demonstrate the potential of CGMs as a highly sensitive sensor for pharmaceutical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A S Sakr
- Chemistry Department, Center of Basic Science (CBS), Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Saad
- Physics Department, Center of Basic Science (CBS), Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Omar H Abd-Elkader
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Abdelsalam
- Theoretical Physics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Str., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wang FF, Wang YX, Wu Q, Chai L, Chen XW, Tan YZ. Nanographene with a Nitrogen-Doped Cavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315302. [PMID: 38009464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped cavities are pervasive in graphenic materials, and represent key sites for catalytic and electrochemical activity. However, their structures are generally heterogeneous. In this study, we present the synthesis of a well-defined molecular cutout of graphene featuring N-doped cavity. The graphitization of a macrocyclic pyridinic precursor was achieved through photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination. In comparison to its counterpart with pyridinic nitrogen at the edges, the pyridinic nitrogen atoms in this nanographene cavity exhibit significantly reduced basicity and selective binding to Ag+ ion. Analysis of the protonation and coordination equilibria revealed that the tri-N-doped cavity binds three protons, but only one Ag+ ion. These distinct protonation and coordination behaviors clearly illustrate the space confinement effect imparted by the cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuan-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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9
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Jacobse P, Daugherty MC, Čerņevičs K, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Yazyev OV, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Five-Membered Rings Create Off-Zero Modes in Nanographene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24901-24909. [PMID: 38051766 PMCID: PMC10753889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy electronic structure of nanographenes can be tuned through zero-energy π-electron states, typically referred to as zero-modes. Customizable electronic and magnetic structures have been engineered by coupling zero-modes through exchange and hybridization interactions. Manipulation of the energy of such states, however, has not yet received significant attention. We find that attaching a five-membered ring to a zigzag edge hosting a zero-mode perturbs the energy of that mode and turns it into an off-zero mode: a localized state with a distinctive electron-accepting character. Whereas the end states of typical 7-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) lose their electrons when physisorbed on Au(111) (due to its high work function), converting them into off-zero modes by introducing cyclopentadienyl five-membered rings allows them to retain their single-electron occupation. This approach enables the magnetic properties of 7-AGNR end states to be explored using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a gold substrate. We find a gradual decrease of the magnetic coupling between off-zero mode end states as a function of GNR length, and evolution from a more closed-shell to a more open-shell ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristia̅ns Čerņevičs
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCurdy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg V. Yazyev
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute
of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science,
and Society, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Qin T, Guo D, Xiong J, Li X, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Wu Y, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Wang T, Zhu J. Synthesis of a Porous [14]Annulene Graphene Nanoribbon and a Porous [30]Annulene Graphene Nanosheet on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306368. [PMID: 37401637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based materials can be tuned by the introduction of nanopores, which are sensitively related to the size, morphology, density, and location of nanopores. The synthesis of low-dimensional graphene nanostructures containing well-defined nonplanar nanopores has been challenging due to the intrinsic steric hindrance. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing periodic nonplanar [14]annulene pores on Ag(111) and two-dimensional (2D) porous graphene nanosheet containing periodic nonplanar [30]annulene pores on Au(111), starting from a same precursor. The formation of distinct products on the two substrates originates from the different thermodynamics and kinetics of coupling reactions. The reaction mechanisms were confirmed by a series of control experiments, and the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for optimizing the reaction pathways were proposed. In addition, the combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the electronic structures of porous graphene structures, demonstrating the impact of nonplanar pores on the π-conjugation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yulun Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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11
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Dyck O, Lupini AR, Jesse S. A Platform for Atomic Fabrication and In Situ Synthesis in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300401. [PMID: 37415539 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of quantum materials requires the development of tools able to address various synthesis and characterization challenges. These include the establishment and refinement of growth methods, material manipulation, and defect engineering. Atomic-scale modification will be a key enabling factor for engineering quantum materials where desired phenomena are critically determined by atomic structures. Successful use of scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) for atomic scale material manipulation has opened the door for a transformed view of what can be accomplished using electron-beam-based strategies. However, serious obstacles exist on the pathway from possibility to practical reality. One such obstacle is the in situ delivery of atomized material in the STEM to the region of interest for further fabrication processes. Here, progress on this front is presented with a view toward performing synthesis (deposition and growth) processes in a scanning transmission electron microscope in combination with top-down control over the reaction region. An in situ thermal deposition platform is presented, tested, and deposition and growth processes are demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that isolated Sn atoms can be evaporated from a filament and caught on the nearby sample, demonstrating atomized material delivery. This platform is envisioned to facilitate real-time atomic resolution imaging of growth processes and open new pathways toward atomic fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Stephen Jesse
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
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12
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Yin R, Wang Z, Tan S, Ma C, Wang B. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Atomically Precise Structural Heterogeneities and On-Site Characterizations. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17610-17623. [PMID: 37666005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are strips of graphene, with widths of a few nanometers, that are promising candidates for future applications in nanodevices and quantum information processing due to their highly tunable structure-dependent electronic, spintronic, topological, and optical properties. Implantation of periodic structural heterogeneities, such as heteroatoms, nanopores, and non-hexagonal rings, has become a powerful manner for tailoring the designer properties of GNRs. The bottom-up synthesis approach, by combining on-surface chemical reactions based on rationally designed molecular precursors and in situ tip-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, promotes the construction of atomically precise GNRs with periodic structural modulations. However, there are still obstacles and challenges lying on the way toward the understanding of the intrinsic structure-property relations, such as the strong screening and Fermi level pinning effect of the normally used transition metal substrates and the lack of collective tip-based techniques that can cover multi-internal degrees of freedom of the GNRs. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent progress in the on-surface synthesis of GNRs with diverse structural heterogeneities and highlight the structure-property relations as characterized by the noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We furthermore motivate to deliver the need for developing strategies to achieve quasi-freestanding GNRs and for exploiting multifunctional tip-based techniques to collectively probe the intrinsic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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13
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Niu W, Fu Y, Serra G, Liu K, Droste J, Lee Y, Ling Z, Xu F, Cojal González JD, Lucotti A, Rabe JP, Ryan Hansen M, Pisula W, Blom PWM, Palma CA, Tommasini M, Mai Y, Ma J, Feng X. Bottom-up Solution Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Precisely Engineered Nanopores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305737. [PMID: 37335764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanopores into graphene nanostructures has been demonstrated as an efficient tool in tuning their band gaps and electronic structures. However, precisely embedding the uniform nanopores into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) at the atomic level remains underdeveloped especially for in-solution synthesis due to the lack of efficient synthetic strategies. Herein we report the first case of solution-synthesized porous GNR (pGNR) with a fully conjugated backbone via the efficient Scholl reaction of tailor-made polyphenylene precursor (P1) bearing pre-installed hexagonal nanopores. The resultant pGNR features periodic subnanometer pores with a uniform diameter of 0.6 nm and an adjacent-pores-distance of 1.7 nm. To solidify our design strategy, two porous model compounds (1 a, 1 b) containing the same pore size as the shortcuts of pGNR, are successfully synthesized. The chemical structure and photophysical properties of pGNR are investigated by various spectroscopic analyses. Notably, the embedded periodic nanopores largely reduce the π-conjugation degree and alleviate the inter-ribbon π-π interactions, compared to the nonporous GNRs with similar widths, affording pGNR with a notably enlarged band gap and enhanced liquid-phase processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Kun Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhitian Ling
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Abdelsalam H, Abd-Elkader OH, Sakr MAS, Saroka VA, Zhang Q. Nanoporous Triangulene-Based Frameworks for the Separation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons: Electronic, Magnetic, Optical, and Adsorption Properties. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:15128-15137. [DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Abdelsalam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
- Theoretical Physics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Strasse, Giza 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Omar H. Abd-Elkader
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. S. Sakr
- Center of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza, Governorate 3236101, Egypt
| | - Vasil A. Saroka
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya 11, Minsk 220030, Belarus
- TBpack Ltd., 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3AX, U.K
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
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15
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Abdelsalam H, Sakr MA, Saroka VA, Abd-Elkader OH, Zhang Q. Nanoporous graphene quantum dots constructed from nanoribbon superlattices with controllable pore morphology and size for wastewater treatment. SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023; 40:103109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Ma C, Wang J, Ma H, Yin R, Zhao XJ, Du H, Meng X, Ke Y, Hu W, Li B, Tan S, Tan YZ, Yang J, Wang B. Remote-Triggered Domino-like Cyclodehydrogenation in Second-Layer Topological Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10126-10135. [PMID: 37097709 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodehydrogenation reactions in the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) usually involve a series of Csp2-Csp2 and/or Csp2-Csp3 couplings and just happen on uncovered metal or metal oxide surfaces. It is still a big challenge to extend the growth of second-layer GNRs in the absence of necessary catalytic sites. Here, we demonstrate the direct growth of topologically nontrivial GNRs via multistep Csp2-Csp2 and Csp2-Csp3 couplings in the second layer by annealing designed bowtie-shaped precursor molecules over one monolayer on the Au(111) surface. After annealing at 700 K, most of the polymerized chains that appear in the second layer covalently link to the first-layer GNRs that have partially undergone graphitization. Following annealing at 780 K, the second-layer GNRs are formed and linked to the first-layer GNRs. Benefiting from the minimized local steric hindrance of the precursors, we suggest that the second-layer GNRs undergo domino-like cyclodehydrogenation reactions that are remotely triggered at the link. We confirm the quasi-freestanding behaviors in the second-layer GNRs by measuring the quasiparticle energy gap of topological bands and the tunable Kondo resonance from topological end spins using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations. Our findings pave the avenue to diverse multilayer graphene nanostructures with designer quantum spins and topological states for quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Jufeng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongjian Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Xinyong Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yifan Ke
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
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17
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Chen A, Ye S, Wang Z, Han Y, Cai J, Li J. Machine-learning-assisted rational design of 2D doped tellurene for fin field-effect transistor devices. PATTERNS 2023; 4:100722. [PMID: 37123447 PMCID: PMC10140614 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) have been widely used in electronic devices on account of their excellent performance, but this new type of device is facing many challenges because of size constraints. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with a layer structure can meet the required thickness of FinFETs and provide ideal carrier transport performance. In this work, we used 2D tellurene as the parent material and modified it with doping techniques to improve electronic device performance. High-performance FinFET devices were prepared with 23 systems screened from 385 doping systems by a combination of first-principle calculations and a machine-learning (ML) model. Moreover, theoretical calculations demonstrated that 1S1@Te and 2S2@Te have high carrier mobility and stability with an electron mobility and a hole mobility of 6.211 × 104 cm2 V-1 S-1 and 1.349 × 104 cm2 V-1 S-1, respectively. This work can provide a reference for subsequent experiments and advance the development of functional materials by using an ML-assisted design paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Simin Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanqiang Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junfei Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Corresponding author
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18
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Zuzak R, Castro-Esteban J, Engelund M, Pérez D, Peña D, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis of Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons on Titanium Dioxide. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2580-2587. [PMID: 36692226 PMCID: PMC9933590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of two types of nanographenes from custom designed and synthesized molecular precursors has been achieved through thermally induced intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation reactions on the semiconducting TiO2(110)-(1×1) surface, confirmed by the combination of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) measurements, and corroborated by theoretical modeling. The application of this protocol on differently shaped molecular precursors demonstrates the ability to induce a highly efficient planarization reaction both within strained pentahelicenes as well as between vicinal phenyl rings. Additionally, by the combination of successive Ullmann-type polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation reactions, the archetypic 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) have also been fabricated on the titanium dioxide surface from the standard 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl (DBBA) molecular precursors. These examples of the effective cyclodehydrogenative planarization processes provide perspectives for the rational design and synthesis of molecular nanostructures on semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jesus Castro-Esteban
- Centro
de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais
Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem
S.A.R.L. (espeem.com), 12 Cité Franz Leesbierg, L-4206 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro
de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais
Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro
de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais
Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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19
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Kim C, Koh DY, Lee Y, Choi J, Cho HS, Choi M. Bottom-up synthesis of two-dimensional carbon with vertically aligned ordered micropores for ultrafast nanofiltration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7871. [PMID: 36763654 PMCID: PMC9917001 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials perforated with uniform micropores are considered ideal building blocks to fabricate advanced membranes for molecular separation and energy storage devices with high rate capabilities. However, creating high-density uniform micropores in 2D carbon using conventional perforation methods remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a zeolite-templated bottom-up synthesis of ordered microporous 2D carbon. Through rational analysis of 255 zeolite structures, we find that the IWV zeolite having large 2D microporous channels and aluminosilicate compositions can serve as an ideal template for carbon replication. The resulting carbon is made of an extremely thin polyaromatic backbone and contains well-defined vertically aligned micropores (0.69 nm in diameter). Its areal pore density (0.70 nm-2) is considerably greater than that of porous graphene (<0.05 nm-2) prepared using top-down perforation methods. The isoporous membrane fabricated by assembling the exfoliated 2D carbon nanosheets exhibits outstanding permeance and molecular sieving properties in organic solvent nanofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaehoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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20
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Zhou H, Lin H, Wang Q, Hao T, Hu Y, Wang S, Guo Z. Tunneling or Hopping? A Direct Electrochemical Observation of Electron Transfer in DNA. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15324-15331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
| | - Han Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
| | - Tingting Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
| | - Yufang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
| | - Sui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, PR China
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21
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Shi X, Gao W, Liu H, Fu ZG, Zhang G, Zhang YW, Liu T, Zhao J, Gao J. Sumanene Monolayer of Pure Carbon: A Two-Dimensional Kagome-Analogy Lattice with Desirable Band Gap, Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility, and Strong Exciton Binding Energy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203274. [PMID: 36050882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials that possess robust structural stability and unusual physical properties may open up enormous opportunities for device and engineering applications. Herein, a 2D sumanene lattice that can be regarded as a derivative of the conventional Kagome lattice is proposed. The tight-binding analysis demonstrates sumanene lattice contains two sets of Dirac cones and two sets of flat bands near the Fermi surface, distinctively different from the Kagome lattice. Using first-principles calculations, two possible routines for the realization of stable 2D sumanene monolayers (named α phase and β phase) are theoretically suggested, and an α-sumanene monolayer can be experimentally synthesized with chemical vapor deposition using C21 H12 as a precursor. Small binding energies on Au(111) surface (e.g., -37.86 eV Å-2 for α phase) signify the possibility of their peel-off after growing on the noble metal substrate. Importantly, the GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations demonstrate both monolayers have moderate band gaps (1.94 eV for α) and ultrahigh carrier mobilities (3.4 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1 for α). In particular, the α-sumanene monolayer possesses a strong exciton binding energy of 0.73 eV, suggesting potential applications in optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Guo Fu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, 100088, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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22
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Yin R, Wang J, Qiu ZL, Meng J, Xu H, Wang Z, Liang Y, Zhao XJ, Ma C, Tan YZ, Li Q, Wang B. Step-Assisted On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Embedded with Periodic Divacancies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14798-14808. [PMID: 35926228 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bottom-up approach through on-surface synthesis of porous graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) presents a controllable manner for implanting periodic nanostructures to tune the electronic properties of GNRs in addition to bandgap engineering by width and edge configurations. However, owing to the existing steric hindrance in small pores like divacancies, it is still difficult to embed periodic divacancies with a nonplanar configuration into GNRs. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise eight-carbon-wide armchair GNRs embedded with periodic divacancies (DV8-aGNRs) by utilizing the monatomic step edges on the Au(111) surface. From a single molecular precursor correspondingly following a trans- and cis-coupling, the DV8-aGNR and another porous nanographene are respectively formed at step edges and on terraces at 720 and 570 K. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and first-principles calculations, we determine the out-of-plane conformation, wide bandgap (∼3.36 eV), and wiggly shaped frontier orbitals of the DV8-aGNR. Nudged elastic band calculations further quantitatively reveal that the additional steric hindrance effect in the cyclodehydrogenative reactions has a higher barrier of 1.3 eV than that in the planar porous nanographene, which also unveils the important role played by the monatomic Au step and adatoms in reducing the energy barriers and enhancing the thermodynamic preference of the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. Our results provide the first case of GNRs containing periodic pores as small as divacancies with a nonplanar configuration and demonstrate the strategy by utilizing the chemical heterogeneity of a substrate to promote the formation of novel carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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23
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Gong Z, Xiang Q, Li K, Xu Z, Hu J, Ni Y, Sato S, Sun Z. Pentagon‐Containing
Doublet Graphene Fragments with
Edge‐Dependent
Spin/Charge Distribution. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Gong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry Integrated Molecular Structure Analysis Laboratory, Social Cooperation Program, The University of Tokyo
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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24
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Wen ECH, Jacobse PH, Jiang J, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Louie SG, Crommie MF, Fischer FR. Magnetic Interactions in Substitutional Core-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13696-13703. [PMID: 35867847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design of a spin imbalance within the crystallographic unit cell of bottom-up engineered 1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) gives rise to nonzero magnetic moments within each cell. Here, we demonstrate the bottom-up assembly and spectroscopic characterization of a one-dimensional Kondo spin chain formed by a chevron-type GNR (cGNR) physisorbed on Au(111). Substitutional nitrogen core doping introduces a pair of low-lying occupied states per monomer within the semiconducting gap of cGNRs. Charging resulting from the interaction with the gold substrate quenches one electronic state for each monomer, leaving behind a 1D chain of radical cations commensurate with the unit cell of the ribbon. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) reveal the signature of a Kondo resonance emerging from the interaction of S = 1/2 spin centers in each monomer core with itinerant electrons in the Au substrate. STM tip lift-off experiments locally reduce the effective screening of the unpaired radical cation being lifted, revealing a robust exchange coupling between neighboring spin centers. First-principles DFT-LSDA calculations support the presence of magnetic moments in the core of this GNR when it is placed on Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Chi Ho Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Li Y, Li B, Ruan Z, Zhang H, Hao Z, Sun S, Xiong W, Gao L, Chen L, Cai J. On‐Surface Synthesis of a Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbon with Multiple Substitutional Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204736. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Baijin Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Zilin Ruan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Zhenliang Hao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Lei Gao
- Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
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26
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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27
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Li Y, Li B, Ruan Z, Zhang H, Hao Z, Sun S, Xiong W, Gao L, Chen L, Cai J. On‐surface Synthesis of Nitrogen‐doped Graphene Nanoribbon with Multiple Substitutional Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yang Li
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Baijin Li
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zilin Ruan
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhenliang Hao
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Shijie Sun
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Kunming University of Science and Technology - Xinying Campus Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Lei Gao
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Long Chen
- Jilin University College of Chemistry No.2699 Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Jinming Cai
- Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
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28
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Li X, Han D, Qin T, Xiong J, Huang J, Wang T, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Zhu J. Selective synthesis of Kagome nanoporous graphene on Ag(111) via an organometallic template. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6239-6247. [PMID: 35403634 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kagome nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) are fascinating due to their exotic electronic and magnetic properties. The emerging on-surface synthesis (mostly on metal surfaces) provides a new opportunity to fabricate Kagome NPGs with atomic resolution. Previously the Kagome NPGs synthesized on surfaces were largely heteroatom-doped and suffer from morphological defects (evidently on metal surfaces). The on-surface synthesis of pristine Kagome NPG with improved structural quality is extremely desirable. In this paper, using a halogenated precursor, we report a bottom-up fabrication of pristine NPG with Kagome topology on Ag(111) via classic Ullmann coupling. The templating effect of organometallic (OM) intermediates for subsequent covalent coupling is determined by comparing the OM phase and resultant covalent product. The reaction parameters are found to have a significant impact on the topology and quality of OM intermediates. Specifically, a higher surface temperature and lower evaporation rate favor the growth of better-quality and higher-yield OM Kagome NPGs. The covalent Kagome NPGs obtained by further annealing of these OM networks are affected likewise due to the template effect of OM intermediates. Our work further confirms the generality of the OM template effect. It also offers a novel method to achieve the selective synthesis of Kagome lattice networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
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29
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Li DY, Wang Y, Hou XY, Ren YT, Kang LX, Xue FH, Zhu YC, Liu JW, Liu M, Shi XQ, Qiu X, Liu PN. On-Surface Synthesis of [3]Radialenes via [1+1+1] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117714. [PMID: 35179282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
[3]Radialenes are the smallest carbocyclic structures with unusual topologies and cross-conjugated π-electronic structures. Here, we report a novel [1+1+1] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of aza[3]radialenes on the Ag(111) surface, where the steric hindrance of the chlorine substituents guides the selective and orientational assembling of the isocyanide precursors. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we determined the atomic structure of the produced aza[3]radialenes. Furthermore, two reaction pathways including synergistic and stepwise are proposed based on density functional theory calculations, which reveal the role of the chlorine substituents in the activation of the isocyano groups via electrostatic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin-Ti Ren
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fu-Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Qiang Shi
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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30
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Li D, Wang Y, Hou X, Ren Y, Kang L, Xue F, Zhu Y, Liu J, Liu M, Shi X, Qiu X, Liu P. On‐Surface Synthesis of [3]Radialenes via [1+1+1] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng‐Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Sino-Danish College Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yin‐Ti Ren
- College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Li‐Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Fu‐Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ya‐Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jian‐Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xing‐Qiang Shi
- College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pei‐Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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31
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Ajayakumar MR, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Yang L, Ruffieux P, Ma J, Fasel R, Feng X. On‐surface synthesis of porous graphene nanoribbons containing nonplanar [14]annulene pores. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle Germany
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32
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Wang T, Sanz S, Castro-Esteban J, Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Mohammed MSG, Vilas-Varela M, Corso M, Peña D, Frederiksen T, de Oteyza DG. Magnetic Interactions Between Radical Pairs in Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:164-171. [PMID: 34936370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell graphene nanoribbons have become promising candidates for future applications, including quantum technologies. Here, we characterize magnetic states hosted by chiral graphene nanoribbons (chGNRs). The substitution of a hydrogen atom at the chGNR edge by a ketone effectively adds one pz electron to the π-electron network, producing an unpaired π-radical. A similar scenario occurs for regular ketone-functionalized chGNRs in which one ketone is missing. Two such radical states can interact via exchange coupling, and we study those interactions as a function of their relative position, which includes a remarkable dependence on the chirality, as well as on the nature of the surrounding ribbon, that is, with or without ketone functionalization. Besides, we determine the parameters whereby this type of system with oxygen heteroatoms can be adequately described within the widely used mean-field Hubbard model. Altogether, we provide insight to both theoretically model and devise GNR-based nanostructures with tunable magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sofia Sanz
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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33
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Kitao T, Zhang X, Uemura T. Nanoconfined synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in controlled synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers using templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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34
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Rizzo D, Jiang J, Joshi D, Veber G, Bronner C, Durr RA, Jacobse PH, Cao T, Kalayjian A, Rodriguez H, Butler P, Chen T, Louie SG, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Rationally Designed Topological Quantum Dots in Bottom-Up Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20633-20642. [PMID: 34842409 PMCID: PMC8717637 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have recently been shown to host nontrivial topological phases. Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of deterministic GNR quantum dots whose orbital character is defined by zero-mode states arising from nontrivial topological interfaces. Topological control was achieved through the synthesis and on-surface assembly of three distinct molecular precursors designed to exhibit structurally derived topological electronic states. Using a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we have characterized two GNR topological quantum dot arrangements synthesized under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Our results are supported by density-functional theory and tight-binding calculations, revealing that the magnitude and sign of orbital hopping between topological zero-mode states can be tuned based on the bonding geometry of the interconnecting region. These results demonstrate the utility of topological zero modes as components for designer quantum dots and advanced electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
J. Rizzo
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dharati Joshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gregory Veber
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher Bronner
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Durr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ting Cao
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alin Kalayjian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul Butler
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ting Chen
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy
NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and
the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy
NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and
the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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35
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Jacobse PH, Jin Z, Jiang J, Peurifoy S, Yue Z, Wang Z, Rizzo DJ, Louie SG, Nuckolls C, Crommie MF. Pseudo-atomic orbital behavior in graphene nanoribbons with four-membered rings. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl5892. [PMID: 34936436 PMCID: PMC8694588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nonhexagonal rings into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is an effective strategy for engineering localized electronic states, bandgaps, and magnetic properties. Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of nanoribbons having four-membered ring (cyclobutadienoid) linkages by using an on-surface synthesis approach involving direct contact transfer of coronene-type precursors followed by thermally assisted [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting coronene-cyclobutadienoid nanoribbons feature a narrow 600-meV bandgap and novel electronic frontier states that can be interpreted as linear chains of effective px and py pseudo-atomic orbitals. We show that these states give rise to exceptional physical properties, such as a rigid indirect energy gap. This provides a previously unexplored strategy for constructing narrow gap GNRs via modification of precursor molecules whose function is to modulate the coupling between adjacent four-membered ring states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samuel Peurifoy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ziqin Yue
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rizzo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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36
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Lei P, Li Q, Meng T, Deng K, Wan J, Xiao X, Zeng Q. Diverse Self-assembly Structures of a Macrocycle Revealed with STM by Adjusting the Solution Concentration. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101246. [PMID: 34843178 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclic molecule [3]C12 TT-TPA was synthesized by a Stille coupling reaction through alternately connecting 4,7-bisthienyl-2,1,3-thienothiazole and triphenylamine units. The concentration-dependent self-assembly structures of [3]C12 TT-TPA were explored in liquid/solid interface by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. After increasing the solution concentration, five different nanostructures were constructed and the molecular packing densities were gradually enhanced. Those structural transformations from loose structures to compact structures are thermodynamically favourable because those transformations are accompanied by the adsorption of more [3]C12 TT-TPA molecules from liquid phase, which increases the interactions between molecules and the interactions between molecules and substrate considerably. This study of fundamental exploration is important to understand the basic formation mechanisms and the stability of two-dimensional functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, North First Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Li
- Key Laboratory of organosilicon chemistry and material technology of ministry of education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 yuhangtang Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, North First Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, North First Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Wan
- Key Laboratory of organosilicon chemistry and material technology of ministry of education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 yuhangtang Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, North First Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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37
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Tang D, Yang X, Wang B, Ding Y, Xu S, Liu J, Peng Y, Yu X, Su Z, Qin X. One-Step Electrochemical Growth of 2D/3D Zn(II)-MOF Hybrid Nanocomposites on an Electrode and Utilization of a PtNPs@2D MOF Nanocatalyst for Electrochemical Immunoassay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46225-46232. [PMID: 34553591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been promising materials for applications in electrocatalysis, separation, and sensing. However, the exploration of a simple method for simultaneous fabrication of 2D/3D MOFs on a surface remains challenging. Herein, a one-step and in situ electrosynthesis strategy for fabrication of 2D Hemin-bridged MOF sheets (Hemin-MOFs) or 2D/3D Zn(II)-MOF hybrid nanocomposites on an electrode is reported. It exhibits varied morphologies at different electrodeposition times and attains a 2D/3D complex morphology by adding 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) as an organic ligand. The morphology and size of 2D Hemin-MOFs are important factors that influence their performance. Since Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) are grown on 2D Hemin-MOF sheets, this composite can serve as the peroxidase mimics and PtNPs can act as an anchor to capture the antibody. Therefore, this hybrid nanosheet-modified electrode is used as an electrochemical sensing platform for ultrasensitive pig immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the surface-protective antigen (Spa) protein of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae immunodetection. Moreover, this work provides a new avenue for the electrochemical synthesis of 2D/3D MOF hybrid nanocomposites with a high surface area and biomimetic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daili Tang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Birui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanbin Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Peng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhaohong Su
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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38
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Wang D, Lu X, Yang M, Wu J, Wee ATS. On-Surface Synthesis of Variable Bandgap Nanoporous Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102246. [PMID: 34535956 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the bandgap of nanoporous graphene is desirable for applications such as the charge transport layer in organic-hybrid devices. The holy grail in the field is the ability to synthesize 2D nanoporous graphene with variable pore sizes, and hence tunable band gaps. Herein, the on-surface synthesis of nanoporous graphene with variable bandgaps is demonstrated. Two types of nanoporous graphene are synthesized via hierarchical CC coupling, and are verified by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy. Nanoporous graphene-1 is non-planar, and nanoporous graphene-2 is a single-atom thick planar sheet. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal that nanoporous graphene-2 has a bandgap of 3.8 eV, while nanoporous graphene-1 has a larger bandgap of 5.0 eV. Corroborated by first-principles calculations, it is proposed that the large bandgap opening is governed by the confinement of π-electrons induced by pore generation and the non-planar structure. The finding shows that by introducing nanopores or a twisted structure, semi metallic graphene is converted into semiconducting nanoporous graphene-2 or insulating wide-bandgap nanoporous graphene-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
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39
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Li DY, Qiu X, Li SW, Ren YT, Zhu YC, Shu CH, Hou XY, Liu M, Shi XQ, Qiu X, Liu PN. Ladder Phenylenes Synthesized on Au(111) Surface via Selective [2+2] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12955-12960. [PMID: 34397213 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ladder phenylenes (LPs) composed of alternating fused benzene and cyclobutadiene rings have been synthesized in solution with a maximum length no longer than five units. Longer polymeric LPs have not been obtained so far because of their poor stability and insolubility. Here, we report the synthesis of linear LP chains on the Au(111) surface via dehalogenative [2+2] cycloaddition, in which the steric hindrance of the methyl groups in the 1,2,4,5-tetrabromo-3,6-dimethylbenzene precursor improves the chemoselectivity as well as the orientation orderliness. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, we determined the atomic structure and the electronic properties of the LP chains on the metallic substrate and NaCl/Au(111). The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the charged state of chains on the NaCl layer, and this finding is supported by density functional theory calculations, which predict an indirect bandgap and antiferromagnetism in the polymeric LP chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yin-Ti Ren
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chen-Hui Shu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Qiang Shi
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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40
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Han D, Zhu J. Surface-assisted fabrication of low-dimensional carbon-based nanoarchitectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:343001. [PMID: 34111858 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0a1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as an alternative to traditional in-solution synthesis, has become an emerging research field and attracted extensive attention over the past decade due to its ability to fabricate nanoarchitectures with exotic properties. Compared to wet chemistry, the on-surface synthesis conducted on atomically flat solid surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum exhibits unprecedented characteristics and advantages, opening novel reaction pathways for chemical synthesis. Various low-dimensional nanostructures have been fabricated on solid surfaces (mostly metal surfaces) based on this newly developed approach. This paper reviews the classic and latest works regarding carbon-based low-dimensional nanostructures since the arrival of on-surface synthesis era. These nanostructures are categorized into zero-, one- and two-dimensional classes and each class is composed of numerous sub-nanostructures. For certain specific nanostructures, comprehensive reports are given, including precursor design, substrate choice, synthetic strategies and so forth. We hope that our review will shed light on the fabrication of some significant nanostructures in this young and promising scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
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41
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Kim N, Choi S, Yang SJ, Park J, Park JH, Nguyen NN, Park K, Ryu S, Cho K, Kim CJ. Graphene Nanoribbon Grids of Sub-10 nm Widths with High Electrical Connectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28593-28599. [PMID: 34101416 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have finite band gaps and active edge states and therefore can be useful for advanced chemical and electronic devices. Here, we present the formation of GNR grids via seed-assisted chemical vapor deposition on Ge(100) substrates. Nucleation seeds, provided by unzipped C60, initiated growth of the GNRs. The GNRs grew toward two orthogonal directions in an anisotropic manner, templated by the single crystalline substrate, thereby forming grids that had lateral stitching over centimeter scales. The spatially uniform grid can be transferred and patterned for batch fabrication of devices. The GNR grids showed percolative conduction with a high electrical sheet conductance of ∼2 μS·sq and field-effect mobility of ∼5 cm2/(V·s) in the macroscopic channels, which confirm excellent lateral stitching between domains. From transconductance measurements, the intrinsic band gap of GNRs with sub-10 nm widths was estimated as ∼80 meV, similar to theoretical expectation. Our method presents a scalable way to fabricate atomically thin elements with 1D characteristics for integration with various nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namjo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jewook Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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42
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Houtsma RSK, de la Rie J, Stöhr M. Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons: interplay of structural and electronic properties. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6541-6568. [PMID: 34100034 PMCID: PMC8185524 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons hold great promise for future applications in nanoelectronic devices, as they may combine the excellent electronic properties of graphene with the opening of an electronic band gap - not present in graphene but required for transistor applications. With a two-step on-surface synthesis process, graphene nanoribbons can be fabricated with atomic precision, allowing precise control over width and edge structure. Meanwhile, a decade of research has resulted in a plethora of graphene nanoribbons having various structural and electronic properties. This article reviews not only the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons but also how their electronic properties are ultimately linked to their structure. Current knowledge and considerations with respect to precursor design, which eventually determines the final (electronic) structure, are summarized. Special attention is dedicated to the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons, also in dependence on their width and edge structure. It is exactly this possibility of precisely changing their properties by fine-tuning the precursor design - offering tunability over a wide range - which has generated this vast research interest, also in view of future applications. Thus, selected device prototypes are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Koen Houtsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joris de la Rie
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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43
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Steiner C, Fromm L, Gebhardt J, Liu Y, Heidenreich A, Hammer N, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Host guest chemistry and supramolecular doping in triphenylamine-based covalent frameworks on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9798-9807. [PMID: 34028477 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via host-guest chemistry is an important method to tailor their electronic properties for applications. Due to the limited structural control in the assembly of two-dimensional surface-supported COFs, supramolecular networks are traditionally used at present for host-guest experiments on surfaces, which lack structural and thermal stability, however. Here, we present a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study to understand the host-guest interaction in triphenylamine-based covalently-linked macrocycles and networks on Au(111). These triphenylamine-based structures feature carbonyl and hydrogen functionalized pores that create preferred adsorption sites for trimesic acid (TMA) and halogen atoms. The binding of the TMA through optimized hydrogen-bond interactions is corroborated by selective adsorption positions within the pores. Band structure calculations reveal that the strong intermolecular charge transfer through the TMA bonding reduces the band gap in the triphenylamine COFs, demonstrating the concept of supramolecular doping by host-guest interactions in surface-supported COFs. Halogen atoms selectively adsorb between two carbonyl groups at Au hollow sites. The mainly dispersive interaction of the halogens with the triphenylamine COF leads to a small downshift of the bands. Most of the halogens change their adsorption position selectively upon annealing near the desorption temperature. In conclusion, we demonstrate evidence for supramolecular doping via post-synthetic modification and to track chemical reactions in confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steiner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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44
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Sethi G, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu F. Flat-Band-Enabled Triplet Excitonic Insulator in a Diatomic Kagome Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:196403. [PMID: 34047585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic insulator (EI) state is a strongly correlated many-body ground state, arising from an instability in the band structure toward exciton formation. We show that the flat valence and conduction bands of a semiconducting diatomic Kagome lattice, as exemplified in a superatomic graphene lattice, can possibly conspire to enable an interesting triplet EI state, based on density-functional theory calculations combined with many-body GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation. Our results indicate that massive carriers in flat bands with highly localized electron and hole wave functions significantly reduce the screening and enhance the exchange interaction, leading to an unusually large triplet exciton binding energy (∼1.1 eV) exceeding the GW band gap by ∼0.2 eV and a large singlet-triplet splitting of ∼0.4 eV. Our findings enrich once again the intriguing physics of flat bands and extend the scope of EI materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjyot Sethi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Yinong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Linghan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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45
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McCurdy RD, Jacobse PH, Piskun I, Veber GC, Rizzo DJ, Zuzak R, Mutlu Z, Bokor J, Crommie MF, Fischer FR. Synergetic Bottom-Up Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons by Matrix-Assisted Direct Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4174-4178. [PMID: 33710887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The scope of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) structures accessible through bottom-up approaches is defined by the intrinsic limitations of either all-on-surface or all-solution-based synthesis. Here, we report a hybrid bottom-up synthesis of GNRs based on a Matrix-Assisted Direct (MAD) transfer technique that successfully leverages technical advantages inherent to both solution-based and on-surface synthesis while sidestepping their drawbacks. Critical structural parameters tightly controlled in solution-based polymerization reactions can seamlessly be translated into the structure of the corresponding GNRs. The transformative potential of the synergetic bottom-up approaches facilitated by the MAD transfer techniques is highlighted by the synthesis of chevron-type GNRs (cGNRs) featuring narrow length distributions and a nitrogen core-doped armchair GNR (N4-7-ANGR) that remains inaccessible using either a solution-based or an on-surface bottom-up approach alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ilya Piskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gregory C Veber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel J Rizzo
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zafer Mutlu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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46
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Li L, Mahapatra S, Liu D, Lu Z, Jiang N. On-Surface Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanoarchitectures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3578-3585. [PMID: 33606498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis via covalent coupling of adsorbed precursor molecules on metal surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for the design and fabrication of novel organic nanoarchitectures with unique properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, catalysis, etc. Surface-chemistry-driven molecular engineering (i.e., bond cleavage, linkage, and rearrangement) by means of thermal activation, light irradiation, and tip manipulation plays critical roles in various on-surface synthetic processes, as exemplified by the work from the Ernst group in a prior issue of ACS Nano. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in and discuss the outlook for on-surface syntheses and molecular engineering of carbon-based nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Dairong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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47
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Su S, Xue J. Facile Fabrication of Subnanopores in Graphene under Ion Irradiation: Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12366-12374. [PMID: 33683091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous membranes have attracted great interest in water desalination, energy conversion, electrode, and gas separation. The performances of these membranes are mainly determined by the nanopores, and only with satisfactory subnanometer pores can applications such as high-precision ion separation be realized. Therefore, to efficiently create subnanopores in 2D materials is of great importance. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the direct irradiation of energetic ion is capable of introducing subnanopores in monolayer graphene. By changing the energy of the incident Au ion, the averaged pore diameter can be adjusted from 4.2 to 5.6 Å, and pore diameter distributions are narrow. In the formation processes of the subnanopores, the cascade collisions caused by the primary knock-on atom (PKA) predominates, and pores can only be created in ion impact positions close to the PKA, especially for the incident ion with high energy. Our results show the promise of ion irradiation as a facile method to fabricate subnanopores in 2D materials. As hydrated ions, gases, and small organic molecules have diameters of several angstroms, close to the pore sizes, the created nanoporous membranes can be used to separate those matter, which is conducive to accelerating related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- CAPT and HEDPS, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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48
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Mutlu Z, Llinas JP, Jacobse PH, Piskun I, Blackwell R, Crommie MF, Fischer FR, Bokor J. Transfer-Free Synthesis of Atomically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons on Insulating Substrates. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2635-2642. [PMID: 33492120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rational bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) provides atomically precise control of widths and edges that give rise to a wide range of electronic properties promising for electronic devices such as field-effect transistors (FETs). Since the bottom-up synthesis commonly takes place on catalytic metallic surfaces, the integration of GNRs into such devices requires their transfer onto insulating substrates, which remains one of the bottlenecks in the development of GNR-based electronics. Herein, we report on a method for the transfer-free placement of GNRs on insulators. This involves growing GNRs on a gold film deposited onto an insulating layer followed by gentle wet etching of the gold, which leaves the nanoribbons to settle in place on the underlying insulating substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirm that atomically precise GNRs of high density uniformly grow on the gold films deposited onto SiO2/Si substrates and remain structurally intact after the etching process. We have also demonstrated transfer-free fabrication of ultrashort channel GNR FETs using this process. A very important aspect of the present work is that the method can scale up well to 12 in. wafers, which is extremely difficult for previous techniques. Our work here thus represents an important step toward large-scale integration of GNRs into electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Mutlu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Llinas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ilya Piskun
- Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Raymond Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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49
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Karunakaran J, Qiu H, Balaraman E. Synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks using cyclopentadienones via the Diels–Alder strategy. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we briefly summarize the versatility of Diels–Alder reactions of cyclopentadienones and concise routes to diverse hetero-atom bearing PAHs using cyclones as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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50
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Li S, Yu H, Zhang G, Hu Y. Four probe electron transport characteristics of porphyrin phenylacetylene molecular devices. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04919k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel functional nano-electronic molecular system by tuning gate voltages and source voltages as well as changing lead-to-lead channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
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