1
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Luo W, Kim S, Lempesis N, Merten L, Kneschaurek E, Dankl M, Carnevali V, Agosta L, Slama V, VanOrman Z, Siczek M, Bury W, Gallant B, Kubicki DJ, Zalibera M, Piveteau L, Deconinck M, Guerrero-León LA, Frei AT, Gaina PA, Carteau E, Zimmermann P, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F, Moser JE, Vaynzof Y, Feldmann S, Seo JY, Rothlisberger U, Milić JV. From Chalcogen Bonding to S-π Interactions in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405622. [PMID: 38961635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The stability of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors remains a significant obstacle to their application in photovoltaics. To this end, the use of low-dimensional (LD) perovskites, which incorporate hydrophobic organic moieties, provides an effective strategy to improve their stability, yet often at the expense of their performance. To address this limitation, supramolecular engineering of noncovalent interactions between organic and inorganic components has shown potential by relying on hydrogen bonding and conventional van der Waals interactions. Here, the capacity to access novel LD perovskite structures that uniquely assemble through unorthodox S-mediated interactions is explored by incorporating benzothiadiazole-based moieties. The formation of S-mediated LD structures is demonstrated, including one-dimensional (1D) and layered two-dimensional (2D) perovskite phases assembled via chalcogen bonding and S-π interactions, through a combination of techniques, such as single crystal and thin film X-ray diffraction, as well as solid-state NMR spectroscopy, complemented by molecular dynamics simulations, density functional theory calculations, and optoelectronic characterization, revealing superior conductivities of S-mediated LD perovskites. The resulting materials are applied in n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells, demonstrating enhancements in performance and operational stability that reveal a versatile supramolecular strategy in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Luo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - SunJu Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Nikolaos Lempesis
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lena Merten
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Dankl
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Carnevali
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Agosta
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Vladislav Slama
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Zachary VanOrman
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Milosz Siczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
| | - Benjamin Gallant
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 81237, Slovakia
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marielle Deconinck
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, 02062, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - L Andrés Guerrero-León
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, 02062, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aaron T Frei
- Photochemical Dynamic Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Patricia A Gaina
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Eva Carteau
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamic Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, 02062, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ji-Youn Seo
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jovana V Milić
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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2
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Liu L, Ju M, Wang N. Mitigating Surface Defects in Tin-Based Perovskite Films with α-Tocopherol for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307373. [PMID: 38012527 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface defects in tin-based perovskite films disrupt the periodic arrangement of atoms in crystals, making surface atoms more susceptible to interactions with water and oxygen molecules in the surrounding environment. The diffusion of oxygen ions into the perovskite interior leads to the formation of severe bulk defects, which compromises the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). As a result, surface defects are recognized as the primary source of degradation and require special attention. In this study, α-Tocopherol (also known as vitamin E) into tin-based perovskite films is introduced. Experimental results show that because of its larger volume, α-Tocopherol does not enter the perovskite lattice. Instead, it forms van der Waals and hydrogen bond interactions with the formamidine ion (FA+) and the [SnI6]4- octahedron at the perovskite terminals. Through α-Tocopherol passivation, both surface and interior oxidation of the perovskite are significantly suppressed as α-Tocopherol firmly embeds itself on the perovskite surface. Density functional theory analysis confirms the inhibition of I─Sn antisite defects (ISn) and Sn interstitial defects (Sni), which possess deep trap states within the bandgap. Ultimately, it is demonstrated that α-Tocopherol enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 9.19% to 13.14% and prolongs the lifetime of tin-based PSCs to over 50 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ma
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianheng Zhou
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lang Liu
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Minggang Ju
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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3
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Hope MA, Cordova M, Mishra A, Gunes U, Caiazzo A, Datta K, Janssen RAJ, Emsley L. Axial-Equatorial Halide Ordering in Layered Hybrid Perovskites from Isotropic-Anisotropic 207 Pb NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314856. [PMID: 38305510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bandgap-tuneable mixed-halide 3D perovskites are of interest for multi-junction solar cells, but suffer from photoinduced spatial halide segregation. Mixed-halide 2D perovskites are more resistant to halide segregation and are promising coatings for 3D perovskite solar cells. The properties of mixed-halide compositions depend on the local halide distribution, which is challenging to study at the level of single octahedra. In particular, it has been suggested that there is a preference for occupation of the distinct axial and equatorial halide sites in mixed-halide 2D perovskites. 207 Pb NMR can be used to probe the atomic-scale structure of lead-halide materials, but although the isotropic 207 Pb shift is sensitive to halide stoichiometry, it cannot distinguish configurational isomers. Here, we use 2D isotropic-anisotropic correlation 207 Pb NMR and relativistic DFT calculations to distinguish the [PbX6 ] configurations in mixed iodide-bromide 3D FAPb(Br1-x Ix )3 perovskites and 2D BA2 Pb(Br1-x Ix )4 perovskites based on formamidinium (FA+ ) and butylammonium (BA+ ), respectively. We find that iodide preferentially occupies the axial site in BA-based 2D perovskites, which may explain the suppressed halide mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ummugulsum Gunes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Caiazzo
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kunal Datta
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Chen M, Dong X, Xin Y, Gao Y, Fu Q, Wang R, Xu Z, Chen Y, Liu Y. Crystal Growth Regulation of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites via Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Spacers for Efficient Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315943. [PMID: 38057544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystal growth and orientation of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite films significantly impact solar cell performance. Here, we incorporated robust quadrupole-quadrupole interactions to govern the crystal growth of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites. This was achieved through the development of two unique semiconductor spacers, namely PTMA and 5FPTMA, with different dipole moments. The ((5FPTMA)0.1 (PTMA)0.9 )2 MAn-1 Pbn I3n+1 (nominal n=5, 5F/PTMA-Pb) film shows a preferred vertical orientation, reduced grain boundaries, and released residual strain compared to (PTMA)2 MAn-1 Pbn I3n+1 (nominal n=5, PTMA-Pb), resulting in a decreased exciton binding energy and reduced electron-phonon coupling coefficients. In contrast to PTMA-Pb device with an efficiency of 15.66 %, the 5F/PTMA-Pb device achieved a champion efficiency of 18.56 %, making it among the best efficiency for 2D RP perovskite solar cells employing an MA-based semiconductor spacer. This work offers significant insights into comprehending the crystal growth process of 2D RP perovskite films through the utilization of quadrupole-quadrupole interactions between semiconductor spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiyue Dong
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yufei Xin
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuping Gao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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5
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Yadav AN, Min S, Choe H, Park J, Cho J. Halide Ion Mixing across Colloidal 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites: Implication of Spacer Ligand on Mixing Kinetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305546. [PMID: 37702148 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Halide ion exchange seen in metal halide perovskites provide a substantial opportunity to control their halide composition and corresponding optoelectronic properties. Halide ion mixing across colloidal 3D perovskite nanocrystals have been extensively studied while the mixing within colloidal 2D counterparts remain underexplored. In this study, the halide ion exchange kinetics across colloidally stable 2D Ruddlesden-Popper layered bromide (Br) and iodide (I) perovskites using two different spacer ligands such as aromatic phenethylammonium (PEA) versus linear butyammonium (BA) is demonstrated. The halide exchange kinetic rate constant (k), as determined by tracking time-dependent absorbance changes, indicates that Br/I halide mixing in 2D PEA-based perovskites (2.7 × 10-3 min-1 ) occurs at an order of magnitude slower than in 2D BA-based perovskites (3.3 × 10-2 min-1 ). Concentration (≈1 mM to 100 mM) and temperature-dependent (50 to 80 °C) kinetic studies further allow for the determination of activation barrier for halide ion mixing across the 2D layered perovskites with 75.2 ± 4.4 kJ mol-1 (2D PEA) and 57.8 ± 7.8 kJ mol-1 (2D BA), respectively. The activation energy reveals that the type of spacer cations plays a crucial role in controlling the halide ion mobility and halide stability due mainly to the internal ligand chemical interaction within 2D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Nath Yadav
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Seonhong Min
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Choe
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Jiwoo Park
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
| | - Junsang Cho
- School of Chemistry and Energy, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea
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6
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Cordova M, Moutzouri P, Nilsson Lill SO, Cousen A, Kearns M, Norberg ST, Svensk Ankarberg A, McCabe J, Pinon AC, Schantz S, Emsley L. Atomic-level structure determination of amorphous molecular solids by NMR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5138. [PMID: 37612269 PMCID: PMC10447443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure determination of amorphous materials remains challenging, owing to the disorder inherent to these materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) powder crystallography is a powerful method to determine the structure of molecular solids, but disorder leads to a high degree of overlap between measured signals, and prevents the unambiguous identification of a single modeled periodic structure as representative of the whole material. Here, we determine the atomic-level ensemble structure of the amorphous form of the drug AZD4625 by combining solid-state NMR experiments with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine-learned chemical shifts. By considering the combined shifts of all 1H and 13C atomic sites in the molecule, we determine the structure of the amorphous form by identifying an ensemble of local molecular environments that are in agreement with experiment. We then extract and analyze preferred conformations and intermolecular interactions in the amorphous sample in terms of the stabilization of the amorphous form of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cordova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pinelopi Moutzouri
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sten O Nilsson Lill
- Data Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Cousen
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Martin Kearns
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Stefan T Norberg
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Svensk Ankarberg
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James McCabe
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Arthur C Pinon
- Swedish NMR Center, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Schantz
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Park SM, Wei M, Xu J, Atapattu HR, Eickemeyer FT, Darabi K, Grater L, Yang Y, Liu C, Teale S, Chen B, Chen H, Wang T, Zeng L, Maxwell A, Wang Z, Rao KR, Cai Z, Zakeeruddin SM, Pham JT, Risko CM, Amassian A, Kanatzidis MG, Graham KR, Grätzel M, Sargent EH. Engineering ligand reactivity enables high-temperature operation of stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2023; 381:209-215. [PMID: 37440655 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consisting of interfacial two- and three-dimensional heterostructures that incorporate ammonium ligand intercalation have enabled rapid progress toward the goal of uniting performance with stability. However, as the field continues to seek ever-higher durability, additional tools that avoid progressive ligand intercalation are needed to minimize degradation at high temperatures. We used ammonium ligands that are nonreactive with the bulk of perovskites and investigated a library that varies ligand molecular structure systematically. We found that fluorinated aniliniums offer interfacial passivation and simultaneously minimize reactivity with perovskites. Using this approach, we report a certified quasi-steady-state power-conversion efficiency of 24.09% for inverted-structure PSCs. In an encapsulated device operating at 85°C and 50% relative humidity, we document a 1560-hour T85 at maximum power point under 1-sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Harindi R Atapattu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kasra Darabi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Luke Grater
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sam Teale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Tonghui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lewei Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Aidan Maxwell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Keerthan R Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zhuoyun Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan T Pham
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Chad M Risko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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8
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Krause S, Milić JV. Functional dynamics in framework materials. Commun Chem 2023; 6:151. [PMID: 37452112 PMCID: PMC10349092 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic crystalline materials have emerged as a unique category of condensed phase matter that combines crystalline lattice with components that display dynamic behavior in the solid state. This has involved a range of materials incorporating dynamic functional units in the form of stimuli-responsive molecular switches and machines, among others. In particular, it has been possible by relying on framework materials, such as porous molecular frameworks and other hybrid organic-inorganic systems that demonstrated potential for serving as scaffolds for dynamic molecular functions. As functional dynamics increase the level of complexity, the associated phenomena are often overlooked and need to be explored. In this perspective, we discuss a selection of recent developments of dynamic solid-state materials across material classes, outlining opportunities and fundamental and methodological challenges for their advancement toward innovative functionality and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krause
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jovana V Milić
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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9
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Lehner LE, Demchyshyn S, Frank K, Minenkov A, Kubicki DJ, Sun H, Hailegnaw B, Putz C, Mayr F, Cobet M, Hesser G, Schöfberger W, Sariciftci NS, Scharber MC, Nickel B, Kaltenbrunner M. Elucidating the Origins of High Preferential Crystal Orientation in Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208061. [PMID: 36305028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating large organic cations to form 2D and mixed 2D/3D structures significantly increases the stability of perovskite solar cells. However, due to their low electron mobility, aligning the organic sheets to ensure unimpeded charge transport is critical to rival the high performances of pure 3D systems. While additives such as methylammonium chloride (MACl) can enable this preferential orientation, so far, no complete description exists explaining how they influence the nucleation process to grow highly aligned crystals. Here, by investigating the initial stages of the crystallization, as well as partially and fully formed perovskites grown using MACl, the origins underlying this favorable alignment are inferred. This mechanism is studied by employing 3-fluorobenzylammonium in quasi-2D perovskite solar cells. Upon assisting the crystallization with MACl, films with a degree of preferential orientation of 94%, capable of withstanding moisture levels of 97% relative humidity for 10 h without significant changes in the crystal structure are achieved. Finally, by combining macroscopic, microscopic, and spectroscopic studies, the nucleation process leading to highly oriented perovskite films is elucidated. Understanding this mechanism will aid in the rational design of future additives to achieve more defect tolerant and stable perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas E Lehner
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Stepan Demchyshyn
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Kilian Frank
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexey Minenkov
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | | | - He Sun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Bekele Hailegnaw
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Putz
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Felix Mayr
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) and Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Munise Cobet
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) and Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Günter Hesser
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) and Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Clark Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) and Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Bert Nickel
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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10
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Feng X, Lv X, Cao J, Tang Y. Continuous Modification of Perovskite Film by a Eu Complex to Fabricate the Thermal and UV-Light-Stable Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55538-55547. [PMID: 36473076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with simple and low-cost processability have shown promising photovoltaic performances. However, internal defects, external UV light, and heat sensitivity are principal obstacles on their way toward commercialization. Herein, we prepare an Eu complex and directly dope it into the perovskite precursor as a UV filter to decrease the photodegradation of PSCs. The formation of hydrogen bonds between the organic cation of perovskite and the -CF3 in the Eu complex could restrain the escape of organic cations under heating. The Eu complex acts as a redox shuttle to reduce metallic lead (Pb0) and iodine (I0) defects when the PSCs have a long-time operation. Additionally, the ligand-containing aromatic rings could reduce the trace amount of I0 existing as electronic defects in perovskites and together with the long alkyl chain retard the moisture immersion into the PSCs. The best efficiency of PSCs modified by the Eu complex improves up to 20.9%. The excellent thermal stability and UV-light resistance are also realized. This strategy provides a method to design a passivator which continuously modifies the imperfections and inhibits the chemical chain reactions in perovskite film, thereby enhancing the performance and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, P.R. China
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11
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Milić JV. Perfluoroarenes: A Versatile Platform for Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9869-9874. [PMID: 36251688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The instability of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites presents one of the pressing challenges for their application. This is associated with the sensitivity to moisture as well as mixed ionic-electronic conductivity that leads to enhanced ion migration under conditions of voltage and light bias. Some of the most effective strategies to stabilize hybrid perovskite materials during operation involve the use of interfacial molecular assemblies and low-dimensional perovskite architectures based on hydrophobic organic moieties that could suppress the effects of moisture or ion migration. For this purpose, perfluoroarenes have provided a versatile platform due to their enhanced hydrophobicity as well as the capacity to engage in various noncovalent interactions that affect the characteristics of the resulting assemblies as well as ion migration. This Perspective discusses the emerging role of perfluoroarenes in stabilizing hybrid perovskite materials and their photovoltaic devices through different modes of action, offering insights for the design of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana V Milić
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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12
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Cordova M, Engel EA, Stefaniuk A, Paruzzo F, Hofstetter A, Ceriotti M, Emsley L. A Machine Learning Model of Chemical Shifts for Chemically and Structurally Diverse Molecular Solids. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:16710-16720. [PMID: 36237276 PMCID: PMC9549463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts are a direct probe of local atomic environments and can be used to determine the structure of solid materials. However, the substantial computational cost required to predict accurate chemical shifts is a key bottleneck for NMR crystallography. We recently introduced ShiftML, a machine-learning model of chemical shifts in molecular solids, trained on minimum-energy geometries of materials composed of C, H, N, O, and S that provides rapid chemical shift predictions with density functional theory (DFT) accuracy. Here, we extend the capabilities of ShiftML to predict chemical shifts for both finite temperature structures and more chemically diverse compounds, while retaining the same speed and accuracy. For a benchmark set of 13 molecular solids, we find a root-mean-squared error of 0.47 ppm with respect to experiment for 1H shift predictions (compared to 0.35 ppm for explicit DFT calculations), while reducing the computational cost by over four orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cordova
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Edgar A. Engel
- Theory
of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Artur Stefaniuk
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Federico Paruzzo
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Albert Hofstetter
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modelling, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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13
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Cheng Q, Wang B, Huang G, Li Y, Li X, Chen J, Yue S, Li K, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208264. [PMID: 35789174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached the commercial standards, the unsatisfactory stability limits their further application. Hydrophobic interface and encapsulation can block the damage of water and oxygen, while the instability induced by intrinsic residual strain remains inevitable. Here, the residual strain in a two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite film is investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It's found that the spacer cations contribute to the residual strain even though they are not in the inorganic cages. Benefited from strain relaxation, the film quality is improved, leading to suppressed recombination, promoted charge transport and enhanced efficiency. More significantly, the strain-released devices maintain 86 % of the initial efficiency after being kept in air with 85 % relative humidity (RH) for 1080 h, 82 % under maximum power point (MPP) tracking at 50 °C for 804 h and 86 % after continuous heating at 85 °C for 1080 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gaosheng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanxun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengli Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Mishra A, Hope MA, Almalki M, Pfeifer L, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Emsley L. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enables NMR of Surface Passivating Agents on Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15175-15184. [PMID: 35959925 PMCID: PMC9413210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Surface and bulk molecular modulators are the key to
improving
the efficiency and stability of hybrid perovskite solar cells. However,
due to their low concentration, heterogeneous environments, and low
sample mass, it remains challenging to characterize their structure
and dynamics at the atomic level, as required to establish structure–activity
relationships. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has revealed
a wealth of information on the atomic-level structure of hybrid perovskites,
but the inherent insensitivity of NMR severely limits its utility
to characterize thin-film samples. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)
can enhance NMR sensitivity by orders of magnitude, but DNP methods
for perovskite materials have so far been limited. Here, we determined
the factors that limit the efficiency of DNP NMR for perovskite samples
by systematically studying layered hybrid perovskite analogues. We
find that the fast-relaxing dynamic cation is the major impediment
to higher DNP efficiency, while microwave absorption and particle
morphology play a secondary role. We then show that the former can
be mitigated by deuteration, enabling 1H DNP enhancement
factors of up to 100, which can be harnessed to enhance signals from
dopants or additives present in very low concentrations. Specifically,
using this new DNP methodology at a high magnetic field and with small
sample volumes, we have recorded the NMR spectrum of the 20 nm (6
μg) passivating layer on a single perovskite thin film, revealing
a two-dimensional (2D) layered perovskite structure at the surface
that resembles the n = 1 homologue but which has
greater disorder than in bulk layered perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mishra
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Hope
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Masaud Almalki
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Kim YS, Ri CH, Kye YH, Jong UG, Yu CJ. Improving the stability of hybrid perovskite FAPbI 3 by forming 3D/2D interfaces with organic spacers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8440-8443. [PMID: 35797597 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfaces composed of three-dimensional (3D) and 2D organic-inorganic hybrid formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) linked by organic spacers (OSs) are studied using first-principles calculations. The OS cations with aromatic rings, like phenylethylammonium and anilinium (AN), are found to be more favourable for enhancing the stability of the 3D/2D interface than butylammonium with aliphatic chains. The AN-based interface shows the highest resistance to penetration of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sim Kim
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, PO Box 76, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
| | - Chol-Hyok Ri
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, PO Box 76, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Hyok Kye
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, PO Box 76, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
| | - Un-Gi Jong
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, PO Box 76, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
| | - Chol-Jun Yu
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, PO Box 76, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
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16
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Cheng Q, Wang B, Huang G, Li Y, Li X, Chen J, Yue S, Li K, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Boxin Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Gaosheng Huang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Yanxun Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Xing Li
- Beihang University School of Chemistry XueYuan Road No.37 Beijing CHINA
| | - Jieyi Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Shengli Yue
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Kang Li
- Beihang University School of Chemistry XueYuan Road No.37 Beijing CHINA
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Beihang University School of Chemistry XueYuan Road No.37 Beijing CHINA
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing CHINA
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17
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Almalki M, Dučinskas A, Carbone LC, Pfeifer L, Piveteau L, Luo W, Lim E, Gaina PA, Schouwink PA, Zakeeruddin SM, Milić JV, Grätzel M. Nanosegregation in arene-perfluoroarene π-systems for hybrid layered Dion-Jacobson perovskites. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6771-6776. [PMID: 35403184 PMCID: PMC9109678 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid perovskites are based on organic spacers separating hybrid perovskite slabs. We employ arene and perfluoroarene moieties based on 1,4-phenylenedimethylammonium (PDMA) and its perfluorinated analogue (F-PDMA) in the assembly of hybrid layered Dion-Jacobson perovskite phases. The resulting materials are investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate the formation of layered perovskite phases. Moreover, their behaviour was probed in humid environments to reveal nanoscale segregation of layered perovskite species based on PDMA and F-PDMA components, along with enhanced stabilities of perfluoroarene systems, which is relevant to their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaud Almalki
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Algirdas Dučinskas
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Loï C Carbone
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weifan Luo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Ethan Lim
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia A Gaina
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal A Schouwink
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jovana V Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Balodis M, Cordova M, Hofstetter A, Day GM, Emsley L. De Novo Crystal Structure Determination from Machine Learned Chemical Shifts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7215-7223. [PMID: 35416661 PMCID: PMC9052749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the three-dimensional atomic-level structure of powdered solids is one of the key goals in current chemistry. Solid-state NMR chemical shifts can be used to solve this problem, but they are limited by the high computational cost associated with crystal structure prediction methods and density functional theory chemical shift calculations. Here, we successfully determine the crystal structures of ampicillin, piroxicam, cocaine, and two polymorphs of the drug molecule AZD8329 using on-the-fly generated machine-learned isotropic chemical shifts to directly guide a Monte Carlo-based structure determination process starting from a random gas-phase conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Balodis
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Albert Hofstetter
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graeme M Day
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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19
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Lin CC, Huang SJ, Wu PH, Chen TP, Huang CY, Wang YC, Chen PT, Radeva D, Petrov O, Gelev VM, Sankar R, Chen CC, Chen CW, Yu TY. Direct investigation of the reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1513. [PMID: 35314691 PMCID: PMC8938534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited methods are available for investigating the reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D OIHPs), which play a pivotal role in determining their physical properties. Here, we describe an approach to study the dynamics of A-site cations using solid-state NMR and stable isotope labelling. 2H NMR of 2D OIHPs incorporating methyl-d3-ammonium cations (d3-MA) reveals the existence of multiple modes of reorientational motions of MA. Rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR of 2D OIHPs incorporating 15N- and ¹³C-labeled methylammonium cations (13C,15N-MA) reflects the averaged dipolar coupling between the C and N nuclei undergoing different modes of motions. Our study reveals the interplay between the A-site cation dynamics and the structural rigidity of the organic spacers, so providing a molecular-level insight into the design of 2D OIHPs. The reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites play an important role in determining their physical properties. Here the authors use solid state NMR and isotope labelling to reveal multiple modes of reorientational motions of methylammonium cations and the role of structural rigidity of the organic spacers on their dynamics.
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20
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Ummadisingu A, Mishra A, Kubicki DJ, LaGrange T, Dučinskas A, Siczek M, Bury W, Milić JV, Grätzel M, Emsley L. Multi-Length Scale Structure of 2D/3D Dion-Jacobson Hybrid Perovskites Based on an Aromatic Diammonium Spacer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104287. [PMID: 34816572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) iodoplumbates based on 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA) have recently emerged as promising light absorbers for perovskite solar cells. While PDMA is one of the simplest aromatic spacers potentially capable of forming a DJ structure based on (PDMA)An-1 Pbn I3n+1 composition, the crystallographic proof has not been reported so far. Single crystal structure of a DJ phase based on PDMA is presented and high-field solid-state NMR spectroscopy is used to characterize the structure of PDMA-based iodoplumbates prepared as thin films and bulk microcrystalline powders. It is shown that their atomic-level structure does not depend on the method of synthesis and that it is ordered and similar for all iodoplumbate homologues. Moreover, the presence of lower (n) homologues in thin films is identified through UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements, complemented by cathodoluminescence mapping. A closer look using cathodoluminescence shows that the micron-scale microstructure corresponds to a mixture of different layered homologues that are well distributed throughout the film and the presence of layer edge states which dominate the emission. This work therefore determines the formation of DJ phases based on PDMA as the spacer cation and reveals their properties on a multi-length scale, which is relevant for their application in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Ummadisingu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Thomas LaGrange
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Algirdas Dučinskas
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Miłosz Siczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
| | - Jovana V Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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21
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Bravetti F, Bordignon S, Alig E, Eisenbeil D, Fink L, Nervi C, Gobetto R, Schmidt MU, Chierotti MR. Solid-State NMR-Driven Crystal Structure Prediction of Molecular Crystals: The Case of Mebendazole. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103589. [PMID: 34962330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among all possible NMR crystallography approaches for crystal-structure determination, crystal structure prediction - NMR crystallography (CSP-NMRX) has recently turned out to be a powerful method. In the latter, the original procedure exploited solid-state NMR (SSNMR) information during the final steps of the prediction. In particular, it used the comparison of computed and experimental chemical shifts for the selection of the correct crystal packing. Still, the prediction procedure, generally carried out with DFT methods, may require important computational resources and be quite time-consuming, especially if there are no available constraints to use at the initial stage. Herein, the successful application of this combined prediction method, which exploits NMR information also in the input step to reduce the search space of the predictive algorithm, is presented. Herein, this method was applied on mebendazole, which is characterized by desmotropism. The use of SSNMR data as constraints for the selection of the right tautomer and the determination of the number of independent molecules in the unit cell led to a considerably faster process, reducing the number of calculations to be performed. In this way, the crystal packing was successfully predicted for the three known phases of mebendazole. To evaluate the quality of the predicted structures, these were compared to the experimental ones. The crystal structure of phase B of mebendazole, in particular, was determined de novo by powder diffraction and is presented for the first time in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bravetti
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Edith Alig
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Eisenbeil
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Fink
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Nervi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Martin U Schmidt
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
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22
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Pegu M, Kazim S, Buffeteau T, Bassani DM, Ahmad S. Deciphering the Orientation of the Aromatic Spacer Cation in Bilayer Perovskite Solar Cells through Spectroscopic Techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48219-48227. [PMID: 34592092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Slowing the degradation of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) is of substantial interest. We engineered the surface by introducing a hydrophobic overlayer on a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite using fluorinated or nonfluorinated aryl ammonium cation spacers. The placement of a fluoroarene cation allows the formation of a bilayer structure, that is, layered/3D perovskites. By doing so, the surface hydrophobic character increases notably by the virtue of the perfluorinated benzene moiety. The fabricated devices thereof gave higher performance and longevity than control devices in addition to boosting reliability. The fluoro-phenethylammonium iodide (FPEAI)-based devices showed lower nonradiative carrier recombination. To decipher the orientation of the spacer cation in this bilayer structure, we probed the surface by polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and noted substantial differences in the orientation due to the presence of fluorine substitution. We hypothesize that the stronger van der Waals interactions due to the higher electronegativity in FPEAI govern the orientation and performance enhancement and act as a barrier to moisture decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Pegu
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Samrana Kazim
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Dario M Bassani
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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23
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van der Zwan KP, Steinlein C, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Senker J. Crystal Engineering of Supramolecular 1,4-Benzene Bisamides by Side-Chain Modification - Towards Tuneable Anisotropic Morphologies and Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2585-2593. [PMID: 34643979 PMCID: PMC9299472 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzene bisamides are promising building blocks for supramolecular nano‐objects. Their functionality depends on morphology and surface properties. However, a direct link between surface properties and molecular structure itself is missing for this material class. Here, we investigate this interplay for two series of 1,4‐benzene bisamides with symmetric and asymmetric peripheral substitution. We elucidated the crystal structures, determined the nano‐object morphologies and derived the wetting behaviour of the preferentially exposed surfaces. The crystal structures were solved by combining single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and computational modelling. Bulky side groups, here t‐butyl groups, serve as a structure‐directing motif into a packing pattern, which favours the formation of thin platelets. The use of slim peripheral groups on both sides, in our case linear perfluorinated, alkyl chains, self‐assemble the benzene bisamides into a second packing pattern which leads to ribbon‐like nano‐objects. For both packing types, the preferentially exposed surfaces consist of the ends of the peripheral groups. Asymmetric substitution with bulky and slim groups leads to an ordered alternating arrangement of the groups exposed to the surface. This allows the hydrophobicity of the surfaces to be gradually altered. We thus identified two leitmotifs for molecular packings of benzene bisamides providing the missing link between the molecular structure, the anisotropic morphologies and adjustable surface properties of the supramolecular nano‐objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P van der Zwan
- Inorganic Chemistry III and North Bavarian NMR Center, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Steinlein
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Inorganic Chemistry III and North Bavarian NMR Center, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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24
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Aiello F, Masi S. The Contribution of NMR Spectroscopy in Understanding Perovskite Stabilization Phenomena. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2024. [PMID: 34443856 PMCID: PMC8398994 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been exploited since the late 1900s to study hybrid perovskite materials, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has only recently received extraordinary research attention in this field. This very powerful technique allows the study of the physico-chemical and structural properties of molecules by observing the quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atomic nucleus, in solution as well as in solid state. Its versatility makes it a promising technique either for the atomic and molecular characterization of perovskite precursors in colloidal solution or for the study of the geometry and phase transitions of the obtained perovskite crystals, commonly used as a reference material compared with thin films prepared for applications in optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on the stability of perovskites (3D in bulk and nanocrystals) investigated via NMR spectroscopy, in order to highlight the chemical flexibility of perovskites and the role of interactions for thermodynamic and moisture stabilization. The exceptional potential of the vast NMR tool set in perovskite structural characterization will be discussed, aimed at choosing the most stable material for optoelectronic applications. The concept of a double-sided characterization in solution and in solid state, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide unique interactions with each other and with the external components (solvents, additives, etc.), for material solutions processed in thin films, denotes a significant contemporary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Aiello
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Sofia Masi
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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25
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Milić JV, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. Layered Hybrid Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Challenges and Opportunities. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2729-2740. [PMID: 34085817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusHybrid halide perovskite materials have become one of the leading candidates for various optoelectronic applications. They are based on organic-inorganic structures defined by the AMX3 composition, were A is the central cation that can be either organic (e.g., methylammonium, formamidinium (FA)) or inorganic (e.g., Cs+), M is a divalent metal ion (e.g., Pb2+ or Sn2+), and X is a halide anion (I-, Br-, or Cl-). In particular, FAPbI3 perovskites have shown remarkable optoelectronic properties and thermal stabilities. However, the photoactive α-FAPbI3 (black) perovskite phase is not thermodynamically stable at ambient temperature and forms the δ-FAPbI3 (yellow) phase that is not suitable for optoelectronic applications. This has stimulated intense research efforts to stabilize and realize the potential of the α-FAPbI3 perovskite phase. In addition, hybrid perovskites were proven to be unstable against the external environmental conditions (air and moisture) and under device operating conditions (voltage and light), which is related to various degradation mechanisms. One of the strategies to overcome these instabilities has been based on low-dimensional hybrid perovskite materials, in particular layered two-dimensional (2D) perovskite phases composed of organic layers separating hybrid perovskite slabs, which were found to be more stable toward ambient conditions and ion migration. These materials are mostly based on SxAn-1PbnX3n+1 composition with various mono- (x = 1) or bifunctional (x = 2) organic spacer cations that template hybrid perovskite slabs and commonly form either Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) or Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phases. These materials behave as natural quantum wells since charge carriers are confined to the inorganic slabs, featuring a gradual decrease in the band gap as the number of inorganic layers (n) increases from n = 1 (2D) to n = ∞ (3D). While various layered 2D perovskites have been developed, their FA-based analogues remain under-represented to date. Over the past few years, several research advances enabled the realization of FA-based layered perovskites, which have also demonstrated a unique templating effect in stabilizing the α-FAPbI3 phase. This, for instance, involved the archetypical n-butylammonium and 2-phenylethylammonium organic spacers as well as guanidinium, 5-ammonium valeric acid, iso-butylammonium, benzylammonium, n-pentylammonium, 2-thiophenemethylammonium, 2-(perfluorophenyl)ethylammonium, 1-adamantylmethanammonium, and 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium. FAPbBr3-based layered perovskites have also demonstrated potential in various optoelectronic applications, yet the opportunities associated with FAPbI3-based perovskites have attracted particular attention in photovoltaics, stimulating further developments. This Account provides an overview of some of these recent developments, with a particular focus on FAPbI3-based layered perovskites and their utility in photovoltaics, while outlining challenges and opportunities for these hybrid materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana V. Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, EPFL, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Jahanbakhshi F, Mladenović M, Dankl M, Boziki A, Ahlawat P, Rothlisberger U. Organic Spacers in 2D Perovskites: General Trends and Structure‐Property Relationships from Computational Studies. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marko Mladenović
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mathias Dankl
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ariadni Boziki
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Paramvir Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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