1
|
Pearson JW, Hou TR, Golijanin J, Stewart PI, Choi ES, Gabbey AL, West MS, Rousseaux SAL. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Alkylarylation of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2024; 26:5560-5565. [PMID: 38915176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An intermolecular nickel-catalyzed reductive 1,2-alkylarylation of acrylates with cyclopropylamine NHP esters and aryl iodides is reported. This operationally simple protocol provides direct access to 1-alkylcyclopropylamine scaffolds. The mild conditions are compatible with four-membered α-amino strained rings as well as five- and six-membered ring systems. The products undergo cyclization to access α-arylated spirocyclic γ-lactams─a motif present in several pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Pearson
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Teh Ren Hou
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jelena Golijanin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Patricia I Stewart
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eun Seo Choi
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michael S West
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun D, Gong Y, Wu Y, Chen Y, Gong H. Bis(pinacolato)diboron-Enabled Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation/Vinylation of Alkyl Electrophiles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404301. [PMID: 38887210 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the use of economically and environmentally friendly bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2Pin2) is described as a non-metallic reductant in mediating Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp2) reductive cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles with aryl/vinyl halides. This method exhibits excellent suitability for heteroaryl halides and alkyl halides/Katritzky salts. The present study is compatible with an in situ halogenation of alcohol method, allowing for selective mono-functionalization of diols and bio-relevant alcohols (e.g., carbohydrates). The use of B2Pin2 shows potential for easy scalability without introducing additional metal impurities into the products. It is observed for the first time in the realm of cross-electrophile coupling chemistry that B2Pin2 can sever as a reductant to reduce NiII to Ni0. This mechanistic insight may inspire the development of new reductive bond-forming methodologies that can otherwise be difficult to achieve with a metal reductant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deli Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, No. 2360 Jinhai Road, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalnins T, Vitkovska V, Kazak M, Zelencova-Gopejenko D, Ozola M, Narvaiss N, Makrecka-Kuka M, Domračeva I, Kinens A, Gukalova B, Konrad N, Aav R, Bonato F, Lucena-Agell D, Díaz JF, Liepinsh E, Suna E. Development of Potent Microtubule Targeting Agent by Structural Simplification of Natural Diazonamide. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9227-9259. [PMID: 38833507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The marine metabolite diazonamide A exerts low nanomolar cytotoxicity against a range of tumor cell lines; however, its highly complex molecular architecture undermines the therapeutic potential of the natural product. We demonstrate that truncation of heteroaromatic macrocycle in natural diazonamide A, combined with the replacement of the challenging-to-synthesize tetracyclic hemiaminal subunit by oxindole moiety leads to considerably less complex analogues with improved drug-like properties and nanomolar antiproliferative potency. The structurally simplified macrocycles are accessible in 12 steps from readily available indolin-2-one and tert-leucine with excellent diastereoselectivity (99:1 dr) in the key macrocyclization step. The most potent macrocycle acts as a tubulin assembly inhibitor and exerts similar effects on A2058 cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis as does marketed microtubule-targeting agent vinorelbine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toms Kalnins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Vitkovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Mihail Kazak
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | | | - Melita Ozola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Nauris Narvaiss
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | | | - Ilona Domračeva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Artis Kinens
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Baiba Gukalova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Nele Konrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Harju Maakon 12618, Estonia
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Harju Maakon 12618, Estonia
| | - Francesca Bonato
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ling B, Yao S, Ouyang S, Bai H, Zhai X, Zhu C, Li W, Xie J. Nickel-Catalyzed Highly Selective Radical C-C Coupling from Carboxylic Acids with Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405866. [PMID: 38787803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the cross-coupling reaction between two different radicals is a long-standing challenge due to the process occurring statistically, which would lead to three products, including two homocoupling products and one cross-coupling product. Generally, the cross-coupling selectivity is achieved by the persistent radical effect (PRE) that requires the presence of a persistent radical and a transient radical, thus resulting in limited radical precursors. In this paper, a highly selective cross-coupling of alkyl radicals with acyl radicals to construct C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds, or with alkyl radicals to construct C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds have been achieved with the readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives (NHPI ester) as coupling partners. The success originates from the use of tridentate ligand (2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine) to enable radical cross-coupling process to Ni-mediated organometallic mechanism. This protocol offers a facile and flexible access to structurally diverse ketones (up to 90 % yield), and also a new solution for the challenging double decarboxylative C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling. The broad utility and functional group tolerance are further illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of natural-occurring carboxylic acids and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shunruo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shengmao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haonan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hughes RW, Marquez JD, Young JB, Garrison JB, Zastrow IS, Evans AM, Sumerlin BS. Selective Electrochemical Modification and Degradation of Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403026. [PMID: 38416815 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that electrochemical-induced decarboxylation enables reliable post-polymerization modification and degradation of polymers. Polymers containing N-(acryloxy)phthalimides were subjected to electrochemical decarboxylation under mild conditions, which led to the formation of transient alkyl radicals. By installing these redox-active units, we systematically modified the pendent groups and chain ends of polyacrylates. This approach enabled the production of poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) and poly(propylene-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers, which are difficult to synthesize by direct polymerization. Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques reveal these transformations are near-quantitative on several polymer systems. Electrochemical decarboxylation also enables the degradation of all-methacrylate poly(N-(methacryloxy)phthalimide-co-methyl methacrylate) copolymers with a degradation efficiency of >95 %. Chain cleavage is achieved through the decarboxylation of the N-hydroxyphthalimide ester and subsequent β-scission of the backbone radical. Electrochemistry is thus shown to be a powerful tool in selective polymer transformations and controlled macromolecular degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys W Hughes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Joshua D Marquez
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - James B Young
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - John B Garrison
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Isabella S Zastrow
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu B, Liu X, Deng L, Shang Y, Jie X, Su W. Dehydrogenative synthesis of N-functionalized 2-aminophenols from cyclohexanones and amines: Molecular complexities via one-shot assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7656. [PMID: 38691610 PMCID: PMC11062582 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Polyfunctionalized arenes are privileged structural motifs in both academic and industrial chemistry. Conventional methods for accessing this class of chemicals usually involve stepwise modification of phenyl rings, often necessitating expensive noble metal catalysts and suffering from low reactivity and selectivity when introducing multiple functionalities. We herein report dehydrogenative synthesis of N-functionalized 2-aminophenols from cyclohexanones and amines. The developed reaction system enables incorporating amino and hydroxyl groups into aromatic rings in a one-shot fashion, which simplifies polyfunctionalized 2-aminophenol synthesis by circumventing issues associated with traditional arene modifications. The wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance are exemplified by late-stage modification of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals that are unattainable by existing methods. This dehydrogenative protocol benefits from using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) as oxidant that offers interesting chemo- and regio-selective oxidation processes. More notably, the essential role of in situ generated water is disclosed, which protects aliphatic amine moieties from overoxidation via hydrogen bond-enabled interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaping Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaoming Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu YL, Liu J, Li XY, He P, Liu YX, Xiang M, Tang S. A radical 1,4-aryl migration enables nickel-catalysed remote cross-electrophile coupling of β-bromo amino acid esters with vinyl triflates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4306-4309. [PMID: 38533558 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A radical 1,4-aryl migration enabling a cross-electrophile coupling reaction toward remote transalkylation of N-benzyl alanine has been developed. In this strategy, with the occurrence of a radical-mediated Turce-Smiles rearrangement, key α-aminoalkyl radicals are generated. The as-formed α-aminoalkyl radical serves as a robust coupling partner for cross-electrophilic coupling with vinyl triflates, affording a series of olefin-tethered amino acid motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Mei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Shi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gan XC, Zhang B, Dao N, Bi C, Pokle M, Kan L, Collins MR, Tyrol CC, Bolduc PN, Nicastri M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS, Shenvi R. Carbon quaternization of redox active esters and olefins by decarboxylative coupling. Science 2024; 384:113-118. [PMID: 38574151 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of quaternary carbons often requires numerous steps and complex conditions or harsh reagents that act on heavily engineered substrates. This is largely a consequence of conventional polar-bond retrosynthetic disconnections that in turn require multiple functional group interconversions, redox manipulations, and protecting group chemistry. Here, we report a simple catalyst and reductant combination that converts two types of feedstock chemicals, carboxylic acids and olefins, into tetrasubstituted carbons through quaternization of radical intermediates. An iron porphyrin catalyst activates each substrate by electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer, and then combines the fragments using a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) reaction. This cross-coupling reduces the synthetic burden to procure numerous quaternary carbon---containing products from simple chemical feedstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maithili Pokle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liyan Kan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phelps J, Kumar R, Robinson JD, Chu JCK, Flodén NJ, Beaton S, Gaunt MJ. Multicomponent Synthesis of α-Branched Amines via a Zinc-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9045-9062. [PMID: 38488310 PMCID: PMC10996026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of α-branched alkylamines are important due to their ubiquity in biologically active molecules. Despite the development of many methods for amine preparation, C(sp3)-rich nitrogen-containing compounds continue to pose challenges for synthesis. While carbonyl reductive amination (CRA) between ketones and alkylamines is the cornerstone method for α-branched alkylamine synthesis, it is sometimes limited by the sterically demanding condensation step between dialkyl ketones and amines and the more restricted availability of ketones compared to aldehydes. We recently reported a "higher-order" variant of this transformation, carbonyl alkylative amination (CAA), which utilized a halogen atom transfer (XAT)-mediated radical mechanism, enabling the streamlined synthesis of complex α-branched alkylamines. Despite the efficacy of this visible-light-driven approach, it displayed scalability issues, and competitive reductive amination was a problem for certain substrate classes, limiting applicability. Here, we report a change in the reaction regime that expands the CAA platform through the realization of an extremely broad zinc-mediated CAA reaction. This new strategy enabled elimination of competitive CRA, simplified purification, and improved reaction scope. Furthermore, this new reaction harnessed carboxylic acid derivatives as alkyl donors and facilitated the synthesis of α-trialkyl tertiary amines, which cannot be accessed via CRA. This Zn-mediated CAA reaction can be carried out at a variety of scales, from a 10 μmol setup in microtiter plates enabling high-throughput experimentation, to the gram-scale synthesis of medicinally-relevant compounds. We believe that this transformation enables robust, efficient, and economical access to α-branched alkylamines and provides a viable alternative to the current benchmark methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils J. Flodén
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Beaton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang LL, Gao YZ, Cai SH, Yu H, Shen SJ, Ping Q, Yang ZP. Ni-catalyzed enantioconvergent deoxygenative reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl alcohols and aryl bromides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2733. [PMID: 38548758 PMCID: PMC10979021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed enantioconvergent cross-coupling of an alkyl precursor presents a promising method for producing enantioenriched C(sp3) molecules. Because alkyl alcohol is a ubiquitous and abundant family of feedstock in nature, the direct reductive coupling of alkyl alcohol and aryl halide enables efficient access to valuable compounds. Although several strategies have been developed to overcome the high bond dissociation energy of the C - O bond, the asymmetric pattern remains unknown. In this report, we describe the realization of an enantioconvergent deoxygenative reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl alcohol (β-hydroxy ketone) and aryl bromide in the presence of an NHC activating agent. The approach can accommodate substituents of various sizes and functional groups, and its synthetic potency is demonstrated through a gram scale reaction and derivatizations into other compound families. Finally, we apply our convergent method to the efficient asymmetric synthesis of four β-aryl ketones that are natural products or bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Han Cai
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Peng Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bombonato E, Fasano V, Pecorari D, Fornasari L, Castagnini F, Marcaccio M, Ronchi P. Electrochemical Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids Embedding 5- and 6-Membered Heteroaromatics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13081-13085. [PMID: 38524423 PMCID: PMC10955561 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Using a commercially available potentiostat, the electrochemical synthesis of unnatural amino acids bearing heteroaromatics on the lateral chain has been accomplished. This strategy exploits the side-chain decarboxylative arylation of aspartic/glutamic acid, a reaction that becomes challenging with electron-rich coupling partners such as 5- and 6-membered heteroaromatics. These rings are underrepresented in unnatural amino acids, therefore allowing a wider exploration of the chemical space, given the abundance of the aryl bromides employable in this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bombonato
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valerio Fasano
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Camillo Golgi, 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Daniel Pecorari
- Analytics
and Early Formulations Department, Global Research and Preclinical
Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Francesco Belloli 11/a, Parma 43122, Italy
| | - Luca Fornasari
- Analytics
and Early Formulations Department, Global Research and Preclinical
Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Francesco Belloli 11/a, Parma 43122, Italy
| | - Francesco Castagnini
- Department
of Food and Drug Sciences, University of
Parma, Parco area delle scienze, 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Drug Design Technologies Department, Global Research
and Preclinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici
S.p.A, Largo Francesco
Belloli 11/a, Parma 43122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pavlovic B, Heubel C, Kurz M, Oehl E, Waldvogel SR, Méndez M, Ruf S. Single step synthesis of β- and γ- aryl-substituted ß- and γ-amino acid derivatives by electrochemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 100:129614. [PMID: 38199329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical transformations are a subject of increasing interest in early drug discovery due to its ability to assemble complex scaffolds under rather mild reaction conditions. In this context, we became interested in electrochemical decarboxylative cross-coupling (DCC) protocols of redox-active esters (RAEs) and halo(hetero)arenes. Starting with the one-step electrochemical synthesis of novel methylamino-substituted heterocycles we recognized the potential of this methodology to deliver a novel approach to β- and γ- amino acids by starting from the corresponding RAEs. Our work finally resulted in the delivery of novel and highly valuable trifunctional building blocks based on ß- and γ-amino-acid scaffolds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu W, Xing Y, Yan D, Kong W, Shen K. Nickel-catalyzed electrophiles-controlled enantioselective reductive arylative cyclization and enantiospecific reductive alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1787. [PMID: 38413585 PMCID: PMC10899222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6-enynes is a powerful tool for the construction of chiral nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Despite notable achievements, these transformations have been largely limited to the use of aryl or alkenyl metal reagents, and stereoselective or stereospecific alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes remains unexploited. Herein, we report Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive anti-arylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with aryl iodides, providing enantioenriched six-membered carbo- and heterocycles in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Additionally, we have realized Ni-catalyzed enantiospecific reductive cis-alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with alkyl bromides, furnishing chiral five-membered heterocycles with high regioselectivity and stereochemical fidelity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the arylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes is initiated by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) to aryl halides and the alkylative cyclization is triggered by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) to allylic acetates. The utility of this strategy is further demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of the antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunxin Xing
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Denghong Yan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Kun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Azpilcueta-Nicolas CR, Lumb JP. Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:346-378. [PMID: 38410775 PMCID: PMC10896223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their ease of preparation, stability, and diverse reactivity, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have found many applications as radical precursors. Mechanistically, NHPI esters undergo a reductive decarboxylative fragmentation to provide a substrate radical capable of engaging in diverse transformations. Their reduction via single-electron transfer (SET) can occur under thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical conditions and can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nature of the electron donor, the use of Brønsted and Lewis acids, and the possibility of forming charge-transfer complexes. Such versatility creates many opportunities to influence the reaction conditions, providing a number of parameters with which to control reactivity. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the different mechanisms for radical reactions involving NHPI esters, with an emphasis on recent applications in radical additions, cyclizations and decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions. Within these reaction classes, we discuss the utility of the NHPI esters, with an eye towards their continued development in complexity-generating transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hwang S, Choi M, Jeong M, Lee C. Synthesis of the C13-C27 Fragment of Madeirolide A Using Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2024; 26:1067-1072. [PMID: 38293710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The convergent synthesis of a fully elaborated C13-C27 fragment of madeirolide A has been achieved. The key features of the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of both the THF and THP rings via visible-light-induced iridium-catalyzed radical cyclization and the late-stage union of the two oxacyclic subunits through nickel-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulbom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gahalawat S, Addepalli Y, Fink SP, Kasturi L, Markowitz SD, Ready JM. Enzymatic Resolution and Decarboxylative Functionalization of α-Sulfinyl Esters. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302996. [PMID: 37721804 PMCID: PMC10872298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
α-Sulfinyl esters can be readily prepared through thiol substitution of α-bromo esters followed by oxidation to the sulfoxide. Enzymatic resolution with lipoprotein lipase provides both the unreacted esters and corresponding α-sulfinyl carboxylic acids in high yields and enantiomeric ratios. Subsequent decarboxylative halogenation, dihalogenation, trihalogenation and cross-coupling gives rise to functionalized sulfoxides. The method has been applied to the asymmetric synthesis of a potent inhibitor of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraksha Gahalawat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390-9038, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yesu Addepalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390-9038, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen P Fink
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kasturi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 44106, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390-9038, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Michel NWM, Gabbey AL, Edjoc RK, Fagbola E, Hughes JME, Campeau LC, Rousseaux SAL. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Redox Active Esters for the Synthesis of α-Aryl Nitriles: Investigation of a Chlorosilane Additive. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38197128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of redox active N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and iodoarenes for the synthesis of α-aryl nitriles is described. The NHP ester substrate is derived from cyanoacetic acid, which allows for a modular synthesis of substituted α-aryl nitriles, an important scaffold in the pharmaceutical sciences. The reaction exhibits a broad scope, and many functional groups are compatible under the reaction conditions, including complex highly functionalized medicinal agents. Mechanistic studies reveal that reduction and decarboxylation of the NHP ester to the reactive radical intermediate are accomplished by a combination of a chlorosilane additive and Zn dust. We demonstrate that stoichiometric chlorosilane is essential for product formation and that chlorosilane plays a role beyond activation of the metal reductant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W M Michel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Racquel K Edjoc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Fagbola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Al Zubaydi S, Onuigbo IO, Truesdell BL, Sevov CS. Cobalt-Catalyzed Electroreductive Alkylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with Conjugated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313830. [PMID: 37963333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of unactivated alkyl chlorides under mild and sustainable conditions are rare compared to those of alkyl bromides or iodides. As a result, synthetic methods capable of modifying the vast chemical space of chloroalkane reagents, wastes, and materials are limited. We report the cobalt-catalyzed reductive addition of unactivated alkyl chlorides to conjugated alkenes. Co-catalyzed activation of alkyl chlorides is performed under electroreductive conditions, and the resulting reactions constitute formal alkyl-alkyl bond formation. In addition to developing an operationally simple methodology, detailed mechanistic studies provide insights into the elementary steps of a proposed catalytic cycle. In particular, we propose a switch in the mechanism of C-Cl bond activation from nucleophilic substitution to halogen atom abstraction, which is critical for efficiently generating alkyl radicals. These mechanistic insights were leveraged in designing ligands that enable couplings of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al Zubaydi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Immaculata O Onuigbo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blaise L Truesdell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei Y, Lin LQH, Lee BC, Koh MJ. Recent Advances in First-Row Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions for π-Bond Functionalization and C-Glycosylation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3292-3312. [PMID: 37917928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusEfficient construction of ubiquitous carbon-carbon bonds between two electrophiles has garnered interest in recent decades, particularly if it is mediated by nonprecious, first-row transition metals. Reductive coupling has advantages over traditional cross-coupling by obviating the need for stoichiometric air- and moisture-sensitive organometallic reagents. By harnessing transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling as a powerful tool, intricate molecular architectures can be readily assembled through the installation of two C-C bonds across π systems (alkenes/alkynes) via reaction with two appropriate electrophiles. Despite advances in reductive alkene difunctionalization, there remains significant potential for the discovery of novel reaction pathways. In this regard, development of reductive protocols that enable the union of challenging alkyl/alkynyl electrophiles in high regio- and chemoselectivity remains a highly sought-after goal.Apart from π-bond functionalization, reductive coupling has found application in carbohydrate chemistry, particularly in the synthesis of valuable C-glycosyl compounds. In this vein, suitable glycosyl donors can be used to generate reactive glycosyl radical intermediates under reductive conditions. Through elaborately designed reactions, these intermediates can be trapped to furnish pharmaceutically relevant glycoconjugates. Consequently, diversification in C-glycosyl compound synthesis using first-row transition metal catalysis holds strong appeal.In this Account, we summarize our efforts in the development of first-row transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions for applications in alkene/alkyne functionalization and C-glycosylation. We will first discuss the nickel (Ni)-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes, aided by an 8-aminoquinoline (AQ) directing auxiliary. Next, we highlight the Ni-catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkenyl amides tethered with a similar AQ-derived directing auxiliary. Lastly, we discuss an efficient synthesis of 1,3-enynes involving site- and stereoselective reductive coupling of terminal alkynes with alkynyl halides and NHPI esters.Beyond alkene dicarbofunctionalization, we extended the paradigm of transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling toward the construction of C-glycosidic linkages in carbohydrates. By employing an earth-abundant iron (Fe)-based catalyst, we show that useful glycosyl radicals can be generated from glycosyl chlorides under reductive conditions. These intermediates can be captured in C-C bond formation to furnish valuable C-aryl, C-alkenyl, and C-alkynyl glycosyl compounds with high diastereoselectivity. Our Ni-catalyzed multicomponent union of glycosyl chlorides, aryl/alkyl iodides, and isobutyl chloroformate under reductive conditions led to the stereoselective synthesis of C-acyl glycosides. In addition to Fe and Ni, we discovered a Ti-catalyzed/Mn-promoted synthetic route to access C-alkyl and C-alkenyl glycosyl compounds, through the reaction of glycosyl chlorides with electron-deficient alkenes/alkynes. We further developed an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photoactivation system leveraging decarboxylative and deaminative strategies for C-glycosylation under Ni catalysis. This approach has been demonstrated to selectively activate carboxyl and amino motifs to furnish glycopeptide conjugates. Finally, through two distinct catalytic transformations of bench-stable heteroaryl glycosyl sulfones, we achieved stereodivergent access to both α- and β-anomers of C-aryl glycosides, one of which involves a Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling with aryl iodides.The findings presented in this Account are anticipated to have far-reaching implications beyond our research. We foresee that these results will pave the way for new transformations founded on the concept of reductive coupling, leading to the discovery of novel applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Leroy Qi Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Boon Chong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Garcia B, Sampson J, Watson MP, Kalyani D. Primary vs. secondary alkylpyridinium salts: a comparison under electrochemical and chemical reduction conditions. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:324-332. [PMID: 37477413 PMCID: PMC10799965 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This report details a systematic comparison of the scope of aryl bromides in nickel-catalyzed, reductive cross-electrophile couplings of primary vs. secondary alkylpyridinium salts using both electrochemical and chemical reductants. Facilitated by the use of high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques, 37 aryl bromides, including 13 complex, drug-like examples, were investigated. By using primary and secondary substrates differing only by one methylene, we observed that the trends in ArBr scope are similar between the primary and secondary alkylpyridinium salts, although distinctions were observed in isolated cases. In addition, the electrochemical conditions compared favorably to those using chemical reductants, especially among the more complex, drug-like aryl halides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bria Garcia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Jessica Sampson
- High Throughput Experimentation Facility, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Mary P Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao MY, Gosmini C. Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling To Construct Csp 3-Csp 3 Bonds via Csp 3-S and Csp 3-X Bonds Activation. Org Lett 2023; 25:7689-7693. [PMID: 37851934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A cross-electrophilic coupling of benzyl sulfonium salts with alkyl halides forming Csp3-Csp3 bonds is described by using a Co-based catalytic system. The activation of the stable Csp3-S bond of benzyl sulfonium salts under mild reaction conditions leads to various functionalized alkyl derivatives. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of alkyl radicals formed from both alkyl halides and benzyl sulfoniums through a single electron transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Gao
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Corinne Gosmini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brals J, McGuire TM, Watson AJB. A Chemoselective Polarity-Mismatched Photocatalytic C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) Cross-Coupling Enabled by Synergistic Boron Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310462. [PMID: 37622419 PMCID: PMC10952440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) coupling reaction using styrene boronic acids and redox-active esters under photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through an unusual polarity-mismatched radical addition mechanism that is orthogonal to established processes. Synergistic activation of the radical precursor and organoboron are critical mechanistic events. Activation of an N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester by coordination to boron enables electron transfer, with decomposition leading to a nucleofuge rebound, activating the organoboron to radical addition. The unique mechanism enables chemoselective coupling of styrene boronic acids in the presence of other alkene radical acceptors. The scope and limitations of the reaction, and a detailed mechanistic investigation are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Brals
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Thomas M. McGuire
- AstraZenecaDarwin Building, Unit 310Cambridge Science Park, Milton RoadCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Newman-Stonebraker SH, Raab TJ, Roshandel H, Doyle AG. Synthesis of Nickel(I)-Bromide Complexes via Oxidation and Ligand Displacement: Evaluation of Ligand Effects on Speciation and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19368-19377. [PMID: 37610310 PMCID: PMC10616978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Nickel's +1 oxidation state has received much interest due to its varied and often enigmatic behavior in increasingly popular catalytic methods. In part, the lack of understanding about NiI results from common synthetic strategies limiting the breadth of complexes that are accessible for mechanistic study and catalyst design. We report an oxidative approach using tribromide salts that allows for the generation of a well-defined precursor, [NiI(COD)Br]2, as well as several new NiI complexes. Included among them are complexes bearing bulky monophosphines, for which structure-speciation relationships are established and catalytic reactivity in a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) is investigated. Notably, these routes also allow for the synthesis of well-defined monomeric t-Bubpy-bound NiI complexes, which has not previously been achieved. These complexes, which react with aryl halides, can enable previously challenging mechanistic investigations and present new opportunities for catalysis and synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Newman-Stonebraker
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T. Judah Raab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hootan Roshandel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
DeCicco EM, Berritt S, Knauber T, Coffey SB, Hou J, Dowling MS. Decarboxylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling of (Hetero)Aromatic Bromides and NHP Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12329-12340. [PMID: 37609685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl bromides are known to be challenging substrates in the decarboxylative cross-electrophile coupling with redox-active NHP esters-the majority of such processes utilize aryl iodides. Herein, we describe the development of conditions that are suitable for the decarboxylative cross-electrophile coupling of NHP esters and a wide range of (hetero)aryl bromides. The key advances that allowed for the use of aryl bromides in this reaction are (1) the identification of ligand L3 as an optimal ligand for the use of electron-neutral and deficient aryl bromides and (2) the significant improvement in yield that iodide salts and excess heterogenous zinc impart to this reaction. A wide variety of NHP esters perform well under the optimized conditions, including methyl, primary, secondary, and several strained tertiary systems. Likewise, a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic bromides relevant to medicinal chemistry perform well in this transformation, including an aryl bromide precursor to the known drug dapagliflozin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M DeCicco
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven B Coffey
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jie Hou
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meger FS, Murphy JA. Recent Advances in C-H Functionalisation through Indirect Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Molecules 2023; 28:6127. [PMID: 37630379 PMCID: PMC10459052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalisation of C-H bonds has been an enormous achievement in synthetic methodology, enabling new retrosynthetic disconnections and affording simple synthetic equivalents for synthons. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is a key method for forming alkyl radicals from C-H substrates. Classic reactions, including the Barton nitrite ester reaction and Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction, among others, provided early examples of HAT. However, recent developments in photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry have made HAT a powerful synthetic tool capable of introducing a wide range of functional groups into C-H bonds. Moreover, greater mechanistic insights into HAT have stimulated the development of increasingly site-selective protocols. Site-selectivity can be achieved through the tuning of electron density at certain C-H bonds using additives, a judicious choice of HAT reagent, and a solvent system. Herein, we describe the latest methods for functionalizing C-H/Si-H/Ge-H bonds using indirect HAT between 2018-2023, as well as a critical discussion of new HAT reagents, mechanistic aspects, substrate scopes, and background contexts of the protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip S. Meger
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen XL, Qin HL. Synthesis of aliphatic nitriles from cyclobutanone oxime mediated by sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2F 2). Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:901-908. [PMID: 37377774 PMCID: PMC10291241 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A SO2F2-mediated ring-opening cross-coupling of cyclobutanone oxime derivatives with alkenes was developed for the construction of a range of δ-olefin-containing aliphatic nitriles with (E)-configuration selectivity. This new method features wide substrate scope, mild conditions, and direct N-O activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang W, Chen Z, Jiang YX, Liao LL, Wang W, Ye JH, Yu DG. Arylcarboxylation of unactivated alkenes with CO 2 via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3529. [PMID: 37316537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 is a promising and sustainable strategy to synthesize high value-added carboxylic acids. However, it is challenging and rarely investigated for unactivated alkenes due to their low reactivities. Herein, we report a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed arylcarboxylation of unactivated alkenes with CO2, delivering a variety of tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylacetic acids, indan-1-ylacetic acids, indolin-3-ylacetic acids, chroman-4-ylacetic acids and thiochroman-4-ylacetic acids in moderate-to-good yields. This reaction features high chemo- and regio-selectivities, mild reaction conditions (1 atm, room temperature), broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, easy scalability and facile derivatization of products. Mechanistic studies indicate that in situ generation of carbon dioxide radical anion and following radical addition to unactivated alkenes might be involved in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuan-Xu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li-Li Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ni S, Yan J, Tewari S, Reijerse EJ, Ritter T, Cornella J. Nickel Meets Aryl Thianthrenium Salts: Ni(I)-Catalyzed Halogenation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9988-9993. [PMID: 37126771 PMCID: PMC10176483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a regioselective, late-stage two-step arene halogenation method is reported. We propose how unusual Ni(I)/(III) catalysis is enabled by a combination of aryl thianthrenium and Ni redox properties that is hitherto unachieved with other (pseudo)halides. The catalyst is accessed in situ from inexpensive NiCl2·6(H2O) and zinc without the need of supporting ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Ni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Jiyao Yan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Edward J Reijerse
- Max Planck Institut for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Piszel PE, Orzolek BJ, Olszewski AK, Rotella ME, Spiewak AM, Kozlowski MC, Weix DJ. Protodemetalation of (Bipyridyl)Ni(II)-Aryl Complexes Shows Evidence for Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Cyclic Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2023:10.1021/jacs.3c00618. [PMID: 37026854 PMCID: PMC10558627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Protonation of C-M bonds and its microscopic reverse, metalation of C-H bonds, are fundamental steps in a variety of metal-catalyzed processes. As such, studies on protonation of C-M bonds can shed light on C-H activation. We present here studies on the rate of protodemetalation (PDM) of a suite of arylnickel(II) complexes with various acids that provide evidence for a concerted, cyclic transition state for the PDM of C-Ni bonds and demonstrate that five-, six-, and seven-membered transition states are particularly favorable. Our data show that while the rate of protodemetalation of arylnickel(II) complexes scales with acidity for many acids, several are faster than predicted by pKa. For example, while acetic acid and acetohydroxamic acid are much less acidic than HCl, they both protodemetalate arylnickel(II) complexes significantly faster than HCl. Our data also show how in the case of acetohydroxamic acid, a seven-membered cyclic transition state (CH3C(O)NHOH) can be more favorable than a six-membered transition state (CH3C(O)NHOH). Similarly, five-membered transition states, such as for pyrazole, are highly favorable as well. Comparison of transition state polarization (from density functional theory) compares these new nickel transition states to better-studied precious-metal systems and demonstrates how the base can change the polarization of the transition state giving rise to opposing electronic preferences. Collectively, these studies suggest several new avenues for study in C-H activation as well as approaches to accelerate or slow protodemetalation in nickel catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Piszel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brandon J. Orzolek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amanda M. Spiewak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wei Y, Wang Q, Koh MJ. A Photoinduced, Nickel-Catalyzed Reaction for the Stereoselective Assembly of C-Linked Glycosides and Glycopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214247. [PMID: 36355564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C-Alkyl glycosides and glycoproteins exist in natural products and are prized for their role as carbohydrate mimics in drug design. However, a practical strategy that merges glycosyl donors with readily accessible reagents, derived from abundant carboxylic acid and amine feedstocks, is yet to be conceived. Herein, we show that a nickel catalyst promotes C-C coupling between glycosyl halides and aliphatic acids or primary amines (converted into redox-active electrophiles in one step), in the presence of Hantzsch ester and LiI (or Et3 N) under blue LED illumination to deliver C-alkyl glycosides with high diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support the photoinduced formation of alkyl radicals that react with a glycosyl nickel species generated in situ to facilitate cross-coupling. Through this manifold, innate CO2 H and NH2 motifs embedded within amino acids and oligopeptides are selectively capped and functionalized to afford glycopeptide conjugates through late-stage glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Quanquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gladkov AA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Photoredox Promoted Barbier-Type Reaction of Alkyl Iodides with N-Alkyl and N-Aryl Imines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1260-1269. [PMID: 36608025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of organozinc reagents with unactivated imines is accelerated when performed in the presence of a photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. Coordination between Lewis acidic zinc iodide and the imine is a key factor responsible for the reaction efficiency. The method can be carried out using alkyl iodides under Barbier conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Gladkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Han D, Sun J, Jin J. Picolinamide Ligands: Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Bromocyclopropane and Beyond. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201132. [PMID: 36479828 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arylcyclopropane motif as the combination of aryl and cyclopropyl ring systems can be found in an increasing amount of approved and investigational drugs. Herein, we have developed a mild, efficient nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling protocol, featuring a simple Ni(II) precatalyst and a novel picolinamide NN2 pincer ligand. A variety of (hetero)aryl bromides could successfully couple with cyclopropyl bromide to furnish the valued arylcyclopropanes in good to excellent yields. This method is applicable to other alkyl bromides as well. Notably, the reaction is tolerant of a broad range of functionalities including free amines. Furthermore, the synthesis of several significant intermediates of bioactive molecules was achieved in grams, proving the practicability of this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The applications of organozinc reagents in continuous flow chemistry: Negishi coupling. J Flow Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
34
|
Chen Q, You J, Tian T, Li Z, Kashihara M, Mori H, Nishihara Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Reductive Alkylation of Aroyl Fluorides with Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9259-9263. [PMID: 36516299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the nickel-catalyzed reductive alkylation of aroyl fluorides with alkyl bromides in a decarbonylative manner. In this reaction, various functional groups are well tolerated and the C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond can be constructed directly without the use of organometallic reagents. The present reaction is a cross-electrophile coupling via the radical pathway, affording the corresponding alkylarenes in moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jingwen You
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zhenyao Li
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Myuto Kashihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ionic Liquid Mediated Triple Catalysis for Alkylation and Methylation of Acyl Chlorides with Mechanistic Insight. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
36
|
Rago AJ, Vasilopoulos A, Dombrowski AW, Wang Y. Di(2-picolyl)amines as Modular and Robust Ligands for Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp 2)–C(sp 3) Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Org Lett 2022; 24:8487-8492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Rago
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Amanda W. Dombrowski
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
West MS, Gabbey AL, Huestis MP, Rousseaux SAL. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Cyclopropylamines and Other Strained Ring NHP Esters with (Hetero)Aryl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:8441-8446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. West
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L. Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Malcolm P. Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Palkowitz MD, Laudadio G, Kolb S, Choi J, Oderinde MS, Ewing TEH, Bolduc PN, Chen T, Zhang H, Cheng PTW, Zhang B, Mandler MD, Blasczak VD, Richter JM, Collins MR, Schioldager RL, Bravo M, Dhar TGM, Vokits B, Zhu Y, Echeverria PG, Poss MA, Shaw SA, Clementson S, Petersen NN, Mykhailiuk PK, Baran PS. Overcoming Limitations in Decarboxylative Arylation via Ag-Ni Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17709-17720. [PMID: 36106767 PMCID: PMC9805175 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A useful protocol for achieving decarboxylative cross-coupling (DCC) of redox-active esters (RAE, isolated or generated in situ) and halo(hetero)arenes is reported. This pragmatically focused study employs a unique Ag-Ni electrocatalytic platform to overcome numerous limitations that have plagued this strategically powerful transformation. In its optimized form, coupling partners can be combined in a surprisingly simple way: open to the air, using technical-grade solvents, an inexpensive ligand and Ni source, and substoichiometric AgNO3, proceeding at room temperature with a simple commercial potentiostat. Most importantly, all of the results are placed into context by benchmarking with state-of-the-art methods. Applications are presented that simplify synthesis and rapidly enable access to challenging chemical space. Finally, adaptation to multiple scale regimes, ranging from parallel milligram-based synthesis to decagram recirculating flow is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian D Palkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Simon Kolb
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Tamara El-Hayek Ewing
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Philippe N Bolduc
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - TeYu Chen
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Peter T W Cheng
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael D Mandler
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Vanna D Blasczak
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy M Richter
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ryan L Schioldager
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Martin Bravo
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - T G Murali Dhar
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Benjamin Vokits
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Yeheng Zhu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | | | - Michael A Poss
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Scott A Shaw
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | | | | | | | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Turro RF, Brandstätter M, Reisman SE. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Heteroaryl Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207597. [PMID: 35791274 PMCID: PMC9474666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of heterobenzylic amines by a Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between heteroaryl imines and C(sp3 ) electrophiles is reported. This umpolung-type alkylation proceeds under mild conditions, avoids the pre-generation of organometallic reagents, and exhibits good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the imine substrate acting as a redox-active ligand upon coordination to a low-valent Ni center. The resulting bis(2-imino)heterocycle⋅Ni complexes can engage in alkylation reactions with a variety of C(sp3 ) electrophiles, giving heterobenzylic amine products in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Turro
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marco Brandstätter
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Laudadio G, Palkowitz MD, El-Hayek Ewing T, Baran PS. Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling: A Radical Tool in Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1413-1420. [PMID: 36105339 PMCID: PMC9465705 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acids, the most versatile and ubiquitous diversity input used in medicinal chemistry for canonical polar bond constructions such as amide synthesis, can now be employed in a fundamentally different category of reaction to make C-C bonds by harnessing the power of radicals. This outlook serves as a user-guide to aid practitioners in both the design of syntheses that leverage the simplifying power of this disconnection and the precise tactics that can be employed to enable them. Taken together, this emerging area holds the potential to rapidly accelerate access to chemical space of value to modern medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, Calilfornia 92037, United States
| | - Maximilian D. Palkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, Calilfornia 92037, United States
| | - Tamara El-Hayek Ewing
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, Calilfornia 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, Calilfornia 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang L, Yu J, Duan Z, Jin J, Zhang Y. Cobalt-catalyzed synthesis of aryl ketones and aldehydes from redox-active esters. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6554-6557. [PMID: 35929778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative oxidation of benzylic redox-active esters is described. This protocol efficiently converts secondary or primary aliphatic carboxylic acids into aromatic ketones or aldehydes. A wide range of substrates selectively reacted in good to excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance. Notably, various biologically active molecules could also work well, which indicated the synthetic application of such a methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiage Yu
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zeqing Duan
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingrong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García‐Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205673. [PMID: 35688769 PMCID: PMC9378488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross‐coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all‐carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained‐ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery that t‐BuBpyCamCN, an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96‐well plates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Salgueiro
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang F, Tong Y, Zou G. Nickel-Catalyzed, Manganese-Assisted Denitrogenative Cross-Electrophile-Coupling of Benzotriazinones with Alkyl Halides for ortho-Alkylated Benzamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5741-5745. [PMID: 35916781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed denitrogenative cross-electrophile-coupling of benzotriazinones with unactivated alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) in the presence of manganese powder as a reductant has been developed. The reaction furnishes ortho-alkylated secondary benzamides in modest to good yields under mild conditions. The scope of the reaction is demonstrated with 25 examples, showing good tolerance of steric hindrance and common functional groups, thus providing an efficient protocol to ortho-alkylated benzamide derivatives without the use of preprepared organometallic reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengze Wang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tong
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zou
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Turro RF, Brandstätter M, Reisman SE. Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Heteroaryl Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F. Turro
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry & Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Marco Brandstätter
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry & Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- California Institute of Technology Divisional Chemistry and Chemical Enineering 1200 E California BoulevardMail Code 101-20 91125 Pasadena UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bertuzzi G, Ombrosi G, Bandini M. Regio- and Stereoselective Electrochemical Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Org Lett 2022; 24:4354-4359. [PMID: 35700274 PMCID: PMC9237826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrosynthesis
is effectively employed in a general regio- and
stereoselective alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman
compounds. The exposition of N-acyloxyphthalimides
(redox-active esters) to galvanostatic electroreductive conditions,
following the sacrificial-anode strategy, is proved an efficient and
practical method to access densely functionalized cinnamate and oxindole
derivatives. High yields (up to 80%) and wide functional group tolerance
characterized the methodology. A tentative mechanistic sketch is proposed
based on dedicated control experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giamician Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis -C3-, Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Ombrosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giamician Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giamician Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis -C3-, Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García-Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel John Weix
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry 1101 University Avenue 53706 Madison UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bolduc TG, Lee C, Chappell WP, Sammis GM. Thionyl Fluoride-Mediated One-Pot Substitutions and Reductions of Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7308-7318. [PMID: 35549478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thionyl fluoride (SOF2) is an underutilized reagent that is yet to be extensively studied for its synthetic applications. We previously reported that it is a powerful reagent for both the rapid syntheses of acyl fluorides and for one-pot peptide couplings, but the full scope of these nucleophilic acyl substitutions had not been explored. Herein, we report one-pot thionyl fluoride-mediated syntheses of peptides and amides (35 examples, 45-99% yields) that were not explored in our previous study. The scope of thionyl fluoride-mediated nucleophilic acyl substitutions was also expanded to encompass esters (24 examples, 64-99% yields) and thioesters (11 examples, 24-96% yields). In addition, we demonstrate that the scope of thionyl fluoride-mediated one-pot reactions can be extended beyond nucleophilic acyl substitutions to mild reductions of carboxylic acids using NaBH4 (13 examples, 33-80% yields).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor G Bolduc
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Cayo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William P Chappell
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Glenn M Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhu Z, Xiao J, Li M, Shi Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Addition of Aryl Iodides across Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201370. [PMID: 35147282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantioenriched alcohols comprise much of the framework of organic molecules. Here, we first report that chiral nickel complexes can catalyze the intermolecular enantioselective addition of aryl iodides across aldehydes to provide diverse optically active secondary alcohols using zinc metal as the reducing agent. This method shows a broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions and precludes the traditional strategy through the pre-generation of organometallic reagents. Mechanistic studies indicate that an in situ formed arylnickel, instead of an arylzinc, adds efficiently to aldehydes, forming a new C-C bond and a chiral nickel alkoxide that may be turned over by zinc powder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jieshuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gabbey AL, Michel NWM, Hughes JME, Campeau LC, Rousseaux SAL. Synthesis of α-Aryl Secondary Amides via Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Redox-Active Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:3173-3178. [PMID: 35471845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed α-arylation of secondary amides remains a synthetic challenge due to the presence of a free N-H bond. We report a strategy to synthesize secondary α-aryl amides via a Ni-catalyzed reductive arylation of redox-active N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters of malonic acid half amides. This transformation proceeds under mild conditions and displays excellent chemoselectivity for amide α-arylation in the presence of other enolizable carbonyls. The NHP ester substrates are readily prepared from Meldrum's acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nicholas W M Michel
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|