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Maity G, Mishra PK, Patel G, Dubey S. Advances in borophene based photodetectors for a sustainable tomorrow: a comprehensive review. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:18295-18318. [PMID: 39279467 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Borophene, with its unique properties such as excellent conductivity, high thermal stability, and tunable electronic band structure, holds immense promise for advancing photodetector technology. These qualities make it an attractive material for enhancing the efficiency and performance of photodetectors across various wavelengths. Research so far has highlighted borophene's potential in improving sensitivity, response time, and overall functionality in optoelectronic devices. However, to fully realize the potential of borophene-based photodetectors, several challenges must be addressed. A major hurdle is the reproducibility and scalability of borophene synthesis, which is essential for its widespread use in practical applications. Furthermore, understanding the underlying physics of borophene and optimizing the device architecture are critical for achieving consistent performance under different operating conditions. These challenges must be overcome to enable the effective integration of borophene into commercial photodetector devices. A thorough evaluation of borophene-based photodetectors is necessary to guide future research and development in this field. This review will provide a detailed account of the current synthesis methods, discuss the experimental results, and identify the challenges that need to be addressed. Additionally, the review will explore potential strategies to overcome these obstacles, paving the way for significant advancements in solar cells, light-based sensors, and environmental monitoring systems. By addressing these issues, the development of borophene-based photodetectors could lead to substantial improvements in optoelectronic technology, benefiting various applications and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurupada Maity
- Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar-203201, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar-203201, India.
| | - Geetika Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Santosh Dubey
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
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2
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Zhong C, Sun M, Altalhi T, Yakobson BI. Superhard and Superconducting Bilayer Borophene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1967. [PMID: 38730773 PMCID: PMC11084974 DOI: 10.3390/ma17091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional superconductors, especially the covalent metals such as borophene, have received significant attention due to their new fundamental physics, as well as potential applications. Furthermore, the bilayer borophene has recently ignited interest due to its high stability and versatile properties. Here, the mechanical and superconducting properties of bilayer-δ6 borophene are explored by means of first-principles computations and anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg analytics. We find that the coexistence of strong covalent bonds and delocalized metallic bonds endows this structure with remarkable mechanical properties (maximum 2D-Young's modulus of ~570 N/m) and superconductivity with a critical temperature of ~20 K. Moreover, the superconducting critical temperature of this structure can be further boosted to ~46 K by applied strain, which is the highest value known among all borophenes or two-dimensional elemental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Zhong
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Minglei Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Chemistry Department, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Boris I. Yakobson
- Chemistry Department, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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3
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Wang MH, Yi WC, Song HL, Wu FZ, Fu YH, Liu XB, Cui ZH. Build Borophite from Borophenes: A Boron Analogue Graphite. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3448-3455. [PMID: 38452056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Unlike graphene derived from graphite, borophenes represent a distinct class of synthetic two-dimensional materials devoid of analogous bulk-layered allotropes, leading to covalent bonding within borophenes instead of van der Waals (vdW) stacking. Our investigation focuses on 665 vdW-stacking boron bilayers to uncover potential bulk-layered boron allotropes through vdW stacking. Systematic high-throughput screening and stability analysis reveal a prevailing inclination toward covalently bonded layers in the majority of boron bilayers. However, an intriguing outlier emerges in δ5 borophene, demonstrating potential as a vdW-stacking candidate. We delve into electronic and topological structural similarities between δ5 borophene and graphene, shedding light on the structural integrity and stability of vdW-stacked boron structures across bilayers, multilayers, and bulk-layered allotropes. The δ5 borophene analogues exhibit metallic properties and characteristics of phonon-mediated superconductors, boasting a critical temperature near 22 K. This study paves the way for the concept of "borophite", a long-awaited boron analogue of graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Wen-Cai Yi
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Hao-Lin Song
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Fa-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yu-Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, International Center of Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Liu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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Zhang YX, Lin Q, Yan XQ, Wang LL, Liu GD. Flat-band Friedrich-Wintgen bound states in the continuum based on borophene metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10669-10678. [PMID: 38571272 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Many applications involve the phenomenon of a material absorbing electromagnetic radiation. By exploiting wave interference, the efficiency of absorption can be significantly enhanced. Here, we propose Friedrich-Wintgen bound states in the continuum (F-W BICs) based on borophene metamaterials to realize coherent perfect absorption with a dual-band absorption peak in commercially important communication bands. Metamaterials consist of borophene gratings and a borophene sheet that can simultaneously support a Fabry-Perot plasmon resonance and a guided plasmon mode. The formation and dynamic modulation of the F-W BIC can be achieved by adjusting the width or carrier density of the borophene grating, while the strong coupling leads to the anti-crossover behavior of the absorption spectrum. Due to the weak angular dispersion originating from the intrinsic flat-band characteristic of the deep sub-wavelength periodic structure, the proposed plasmonic system exhibits almost no change in wavelength and absorption at large incident angles (within 70 degrees). In addition, we employ the temporal coupled-mode theory including near- and far-field coupling to obtain strong critical coupling, successfully achieve coherent perfect absorption, and can realize the absorption switch by changing the phase difference between the two coherent beams. Our findings can offer theoretical support for absorber design and all-optical tuning.
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Li H, Yang J, Ma Y, Liu G, Xu X, Huo Z, Chen J, Li J, Zhang W, Wang K, Chen L, Xiao X. Monolayer Borophene Formation on Cu(111) Surface Triggered by ⟨ 1 1 ¯ 0 ⟩ $\langle {1\bar{1}0} \rangle $ Step Edge. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303502. [PMID: 37840447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Borophene, a promising material with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and sensors, is successfully grown as a monolayer on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Au(111) surfaces using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth of two-dimensional borophene on Ag(111) and Au(111) is proposed to occur via surface adsorption and boron segregation, respectively. However, the growth mode of borophene on Cu(111) remains unclear. To elucidate this, scanning tunneling microscopy in conjunction with theoretical calculations is used to study the phase transformation of boron nanostructures under post-annealing treatments. Results show that by elevating the substrate temperature, boron nanostructures undergo an evolution from amorphous boron to striped-phase borophene (η = 1/6) adhering to the Cu⟨ 1 1 ¯ 0 ⟩ $\langle {1\bar{1}0} \rangle $ step edge, and finally to irregularly shaped β-type borophene (η = 5/36) either on the substrate surface or embedded in the topmost Cu layer. dI/dV spectra recorded near the borophene/Cu lateral interfaces indicate that the striped-phase borophene is a metastable phase, requiring more buckling and electron transfer to stabilize the crystal structure. These findings offer not only an in-depth comprehension of the β-type borophene formation on Cu(111), but also hold potential for enabling borophene synthesis on weakly-binding semiconducting or insulating substrates with 1D active defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Huo
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Kedong Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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Kang Y, Yang K, Fu J, Wang Z, Li X, Lu Z, Zhang J, Li H, Zhang J, Ma W. Selective Interfacial Excited-State Carrier Dynamics and Efficient Charge Separation in Borophene-Based Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307591. [PMID: 37757801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Borophene-based van der Waals heterostructures have demonstrated enormous potential in the realm of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, which has sparked a wide range of interest. However, a thorough understanding of the microscopic excited-state electronic dynamics at interfaces is lacking, which is essential for determining the macroscopic optoelectronic and photovoltaic performance of borophene-based devices. In this study, photoexcited carrier dynamics of β12 , χ3 , and α΄ borophene/MoS2 heterostructures are systematically studied based on time-domain nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Different Schottky contacts are found in borophene/semiconductor heterostructures. The interplay between Schottky barriers, electronic coupling, and the involvement of different phonon modes collectively contribute to the unique carrier dynamics in borophene-based heterostructures. The diverse borophene allotropes within the heterostructures exhibit distinct and selective carrier transfer behaviors on an ultrafast timescale: electrons tunnel into α΄ borophene with an ultrafast transfer rate (≈29 fs) in α΄/MoS2 heterostructures, whereas β12 borophene only allows holes to migrate with a lifetime of 176 fs. The feature enables efficient charge separation and offers promising avenues for applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. This study provides insight into the interfacial carrier dynamics in borophene-based heterostructures, which is helpful in further design of advanced 2D boron-based optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Kang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zongguo Wang
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haibo Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wei Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
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Mignon P, Allouche AR, Innis NR, Bousige C. Neural Network Approach for a Rapid Prediction of Metal-Supported Borophene Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27857-27866. [PMID: 38063165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high-dimensional neural network potential (NNP) to describe the structural and energetic properties of borophene deposited on silver. This NNP has the accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) calculations while achieving computational speedups of several orders of magnitude, allowing the study of extensive structures that may reveal intriguing moiré patterns or surface corrugations. We describe an efficient approach to constructing the training data set using an iterative technique known as the "adaptive learning approach". The developed NNP is able to produce, with excellent agreement, the structure, energy, and forces obtained at the DFT level. Finally, the calculated stability of various borophene polymorphs, including those not initially included in the training data set, shows better stabilization for ν ∼ 0.1 hole density, and in particular for the allotrope α ( ν = 1 / 9 ) . The stability of borophene on the metal surface is shown to depend on its orientation, implying structural corrugation patterns that can be observed only from long-time simulations on extended systems. The NNP also demonstrates its ability to simulate vibrational densities of states and produce realistic structures with simulated STM images closely matching the experimental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mignon
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdul-Rahman Allouche
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Neil Richard Innis
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Colin Bousige
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Xiao K, Li J, Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhao W. Dynamically Adjusting Borophene-Based Plasmon-Induced Transparency in a Polymer-Separated Hybrid System for Broadband-Tunable Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3060. [PMID: 37514448 PMCID: PMC10386136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Borophene, an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material platform, is capable of supporting highly confined plasmonic modes in the visible and near-infrared wavebands. This provides a novel building block for light manipulation at the deep subwavelength scale, thus making it well-suited for designing ultracompact optical devices. Here, we theoretically explore a borophene-based plasmonic hybrid system comprising a continuous borophene monolayer (CBM) and sodium nanostrip gratings (SNGs), separated by a polymer spacer layer. In such a structure, a dynamically tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect can be achieved by strongly coupling dark and bright plasmonic modes, while actively controlling borophene. Here, the bright mode is generated through the localized plasmon resonance of SNGs when directly excited by TM-polarized incident light. Meanwhile, the dark mode corresponds to a propagating borophene surface plasmon (BSP) mode in the CBM waveguide, which cannot be directly excited, but requires phase matching with the assistance of SNGs. The thickness of the polymer layer has a significant impact on the coupling strength of the two modes. Owing to the BSP mode, highly sensitive to variations in the ambient refractive index (RI), this borophene-based hybrid system exhibits a good RI-sensing performance (643.8 nm/RIU) associated with a wide range of dynamically adjustable wavebands (1420-2150 nm) by tuning the electron density of borophene. This work offers a novel concept for designing active plasmonic sensors dependent on electrically gating borophene, which has promising applications in next-generation point-of-care (PoC) biomedical diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junming Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiren Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhong C, Li X, Feng C, Yu P. A two-dimensional borophene monolayer with ideal Dirac nodal-line fermions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13587-13592. [PMID: 37144284 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a relatively new member of two-dimensional materials, borophene has gained huge interest over the past years, especially in the field of discovering new topological materials, such as Dirac nodal line semimetals. Here, based on first-principles calculations, for the first time, we find a completely flat borophene monolayer (named χ2/9) with ideal Dirac nodal line states around the Fermi level. A tight-binding model using the Slater-Koster approach is proposed to demonstrate that the unique electronic feature of χ2/9 that mainly originated from the first-nearest neighbor interactions of the pz orbitals of boron. According to our symmetry analysis, the Dirac nodal line in χ2/9 is guaranteed by the out-of-plane mirror or C2 rotational symmetry and the negligible pz orbital coupling. The chemical bonding analysis reveals the rare electronic properties of this material, which can be attributed to the multicentered π bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Zhong
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xuelian Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Chunbao Feng
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Liu Y, Tai G, Hou C, Wu Z, Liang X. Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Few-Layer β 12-Borophane on Copper Foils toward Broadband Photodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36897961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Borophene has drawn tremendous attention in the past decade for a wide range of potential applications owing to its unique structural, optical, and electronic properties. However, applications of borophene toward next-generation nanodevices are mostly theoretical predictions, while experimental realization is still lacking due to rapid oxidation of intrinsic borophene in an air environment. Here, we have successfully prepared structurally stable and transferrable few-layer β12-borophane on copper foils by a typical two-zone chemical vapor deposition method, where bis(triphenylphosphine)copper tetrahydroborate was used as the boron source in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere to stabilize its structure through hydrogenation. The crystal structure of the as-prepared β12-borophane is in good agreement with previous reports. A fabricated photodetector based on β12-borophane-silicon (n-type) Schottky junction shows good photoelectric responses to light excitations in a wide wavelength range from 365 to 850 nm. Especially, the photodetector exhibits a good photoresponsivity of around 0.48 A W-1, a high specific detectivity of 4.39 × 1011 jones, a high external quantum efficiency of 162%, and short response and recovery times of 115 and 121 ms under an ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 365 nm at a reverse bias of 5 V. The results show great potential applications of borophane in next-generation nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Guoan Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Chuang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zitong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xinchao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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11
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Dehdast M, Neek-Amal M, Stampfl C, Pourfath M. Strain engineering of hyperbolic plasmons in monolayer carbon phosphide: a first-principles study. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2234-2247. [PMID: 36628616 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural and tunable in-plane hyperbolic plasmons have so far been elusive, and hence few two-dimensional hyperbolic materials have been theoretically and experimentally discovered. Here, comprehensive first-principles calculations were conducted to study the electronic and plasmonic properties of biaxially strained monolayer carbon phosphide (β-CP). We found that (i) a compressed β-CP hosts strong anisotropic Dirac-shaped fermions with robust modulated Fermi velocity, (ii) for biaxial strain of -3% an unprecedented ultra-wide hyperbolic window is extended continuously from terahertz (9 THz) to mid-visible (blue light, 693 THz), (iii) the tunable optical Van Hove singularity as the origin of hyperbolic plasmons in deformed β-CP is disclosed, (iv) an elliptic to hyperbolic transition in the σ-near-zero regime is demonstrated in terahertz frequencies (9 THz), (v) the propagation angle of the concave wavefront can be actively tuned using biaxial strains, and (vi) hyperbolic dispersion reorientation from one principal axis to another orthogonal one under compressive strains larger than 8% is observed. This study sheds new light on the unique properties of hyperbolic two-dimensional (2D) materials having exotic optoelectronic characteristics which are promising candidates for anisotropic light control with ultimate dexterity in the flat optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Dehdast
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-515, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Neek-Amal
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 16875-163 Lavizan, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Catherine Stampfl
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mahdi Pourfath
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-515, Iran.
- Super Computing Institute, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Microelectronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29/E360, A-1040 Wien, Austria
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Chen J, Wang C, Li H, Xu X, Yang J, Huo Z, Wang L, Zhang W, Xiao X, Ma Y. Recent Advances in Surface Modifications of Elemental Two-Dimensional Materials: Structures, Properties, and Applications. Molecules 2022; 28:200. [PMID: 36615394 PMCID: PMC9822514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of graphene opens up the research into two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are considered revolutionary materials. Due to its unique geometric structure, graphene exhibits a series of exotic physical and chemical properties. In addition, single-element-based 2D materials (Xenes) have garnered tremendous interest. At present, 16 kinds of Xenes (silicene, borophene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.) have been explored, mainly distributed in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth main groups. The current methods to prepare monolayers or few-layer 2D materials include epitaxy growth, mechanical exfoliation, and liquid phase exfoliation. Although two Xenes (aluminene and indiene) have not been synthesized due to the limitations of synthetic methods and the stability of Xenes, other Xenes have been successfully created via elaborate artificial design and synthesis. Focusing on elemental 2D materials, this review mainly summarizes the recently reported work about tuning the electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Xenes via surface modifications, achieved using controllable approaches (doping, adsorption, strain, intercalation, phase transition, etc.) to broaden their applications in various fields, including spintronics, electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedicines. These advances in the surface modification of Xenes have laid a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of 2D materials and their practical applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Huo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Kolavada H, Singh S, Lukačević I, Gajjar P, Gupta SK. Quantum capacitance of multi-layered d-6 borophene: A DFT study. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Cheng M, Fu P, Chen S. Giant photonic spin Hall effect in bilayer borophene metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40075-40086. [PMID: 36298946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in bilayer borophene metasurfaces. Based on the combined effect of the Fabry-Perot resonance of the bilayer system and the resonant interaction of individual meta-atoms in borophene metasurface which lead to the topological transition, it is found that there exist giant PSHE shifts of the transmitted beams which can be flexibly regulated by adjusting the twist angle of metasurface bilayers, incident angle, spacer refractive index and spacer thickness. Near the topological transition of borophene metasurface the magnitude of PHSE shifts in bilayer borophene metasurfaces is generally on the order of tens of wavelengths and even on the order of hundreds of wavelengths near the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regions. The manipulation frequency range of the large PSHE shifts can reach hundreds of terahertz or even picohertz through adjusting the ribbon width of borophene metasurface or the electron density for borophene. It is found that in bilayer borophene metasurfaces there exist the ultrahigh sensitivity of the PSHE shifts to spacer refractive index, which can be applied to design the refractive index sensors with high performance.
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15
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Ultra-flat and long-lived plasmons in a strongly correlated oxide. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4662. [PMID: 35945225 PMCID: PMC9363501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmons in strongly correlated systems are attracting considerable attention due to their unconventional behavior caused by electronic correlation effects. Recently, flat plasmons with nearly dispersionless frequency-wave vector relations have drawn significant interest because of their intriguing physical origin and promising applications. However, these flat plasmons exist primarily in low-dimensional materials with limited wave vector magnitudes (q < ~0.7 Å−1). Here, we show that long-lived flat plasmons can propagate up to ~1.2 Å−1 in α-Ti2O3, a strongly correlated three-dimensional Mott-insulator, with an ultra-small energy fluctuation (<40 meV). The strong correlation effect renormalizes the electronic bands near Fermi level with a small bandwidth, which is responsible for the flat plasmons in α-Ti2O3. Moreover, these flat plasmons are not affected by Landau damping over a wide range of wave vectors (q < ~1.2 Å−1) due to symmetry constrains on the electron wavefunctions. Our work provides a strategy for exploring flat plasmons in strongly correlated systems, which in turn may give rise to novel plasmonic devices in which flat and long-lived plasmons are desirable. Dispersionless plasmons could find important practical applications, but previous demonstrations have been limited to 2D materials and small momentum range. Here the authors report ultra-flat plasmons propagating over a wide range of momenta in a 3D strongly correlated oxide α-Ti2O3.
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16
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Wei J, Li W, Pan J, Chen W, Jing S, Liao B, Bian B, Wang G. Electronic properties of borophene based heterojunctions with MoS2 and WSe2. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Huang E, Xiang H, Jiao H, Zhou X, Du J, Zhong W, Xu B. Monolayer NaW 2O 2Br 6: a gate tunable near-infrared hyperbolic plasmonic surface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3282-3290. [PMID: 36132814 PMCID: PMC9417524 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrically tunable hyperbolic polaritons in two dimensional (2D) materials can offer unexplored opportunities in integrating photonics and nano-optoelectronics into a single chip. Here, we suggest that monolayer NaW2O2Br6 can host electrically tunable hyperbolic plasmon polaritons for infrared light via first-principles calculations. 2D monolayer NaW2O2Br6 exhibits an extremely anisotropic metallic property: conducting for one direction but almost insulating for the other direction, which could be considered as a 2D analogue of metal/dielectric multilayers, a typical structure for hyperbolic metamaterials. More interestingly, we also demonstrate that the hyperbolic properties in the near-infrared range, including the hyperbolic windows, figure of merit, and propagation directions of plasmon beams, can be effectively modulated by carrier doping at the order of 1013 cm-2, which even can be accessed by solid-gated field effect transistors. Thus, it is anticipated that monolayer NaW2O2Br6 has a great potential in constructing field programmable polariton nanodevices for emerging and diverse photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Huang
- School of Science and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Hui Xiang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi 435003 P. R. China
| | - Han Jiao
- School of Science and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- School of Science and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Jinli Du
- School of Science and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Wenying Zhong
- School of Science and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Science and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
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18
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Ling ZX, Zeng Y, Liu GD, Wang LL, Lin Q. Unified model for plasmon-induced transparency with direct and indirect coupling in borophene-integrated metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21966-21976. [PMID: 36224906 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose, both numerically and theoretically, a uniform model to investigate the plasmonically induced transparency effect in plasmonic metamaterial consisting of dual-layer spatially separated borophene nanoribbons array. The dynamic transfer properties of light between two borophene resonators can be effectively described by the proposed model, with which we can distinguish and connect the direct and indirect coupling schemes in the metamaterial system. By adjusting the electron density and separation of two borophene ribbons, the proposed metamaterials enable a narrow band in the near-infrared region to reach high transmission. It provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, platform for optoelectronic integrated high-performance devices in the communication band.
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19
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Yang R, Sun M. Electronic structures and optical properties of monolayer borophenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:121014. [PMID: 35182919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically investigated the electronic and optical properties of monolayer borophene, including the electronic energy band, density of states (DOS), dielectric function, and absorption spectra and the charge distribution. The calculated phonon spectra and phononic DOS confirm that the four kinds of monolayer borophene structures can stably exist. Two-dimensional (2D) borophene exhibits apparent optical anisotropy in visible and near infrared (NIR) regions. Our results provide a reliable theoretical base for the application of monolayer borophene in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Xu Y, Xuan X, Yang T, Zhang Z, Li SD, Guo W. Quasi-Freestanding Bilayer Borophene on Ag(111). NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3488-3494. [PMID: 35341246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c05022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lattice structure of monolayer borophene depends sensitively on the substrate yet is metallic independent of the environment. Here, we show that bilayer borophene on Ag(111) shares the same ground state as its freestanding counterpart that becomes semiconducting with an indirect bandgap of 1.13 eV, as evidenced by an extensive structural search based on first-principles calculations. The bilayer structure is composed of two covalently bonded v1/12 boron monolayers that are stacked in an AB mode. The interlayer bonds not only localize electronic states that are otherwise metallic in monolayer borophene but also in part decouple the whole bilayer from the substrate, resulting in a quasi-freestanding system. More relevant is that the predicted bilayer model of a global minimum agrees well with recently synthesized bilayer borophene on Ag(111) in terms of lattice constant, topography, and moiré pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Tingfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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21
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Bhavyashree M, Rondiya SR, Hareesh K. Exploring the emerging applications of the advanced 2-dimensional material borophene with its unique properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12166-12192. [PMID: 35481099 PMCID: PMC9023120 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Borophene, a crystalline allotrope of monolayer boron, with a combination of triangular lattice and hexagonal holes, has stimulated wide interest in 2-dimensional materials and their applications. Although their properties are theoretically confirmed, they are yet to be explored and confirmed experimentally. In this review article, we present advancements in research on borophene, its synthesis, and unique properties, including its advantages for various applications with theoretical predictions. The uniqueness of borophene over graphene and other 2-dimensional (2D) materials is also highlighted along with their various structural stabilities. The strategy for its theoretical simulations, leading to the experimental synthesis, could also be helpful for the exploration of many newer 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhavyashree
- School of Applied Sciences (Physics), REVA University Bengaluru-560064 India
- Department of Physics, R.V. College of Engineering Bengaluru-560059 India
- Center of Excellence on Macro-Electronics, Interdisciplinary Research Center, R.V. College of Engineering Bengaluru-560059 India
| | - Sachin R Rondiya
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales UK
| | - K Hareesh
- School of Applied Sciences (Physics), REVA University Bengaluru-560064 India
- Department of Physics, R.V. College of Engineering Bengaluru-560059 India
- Center of Excellence on Macro-Electronics, Interdisciplinary Research Center, R.V. College of Engineering Bengaluru-560059 India
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22
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Locovei C, Radu C, Kuncser A, Iacob N, Schinteie G, Stanciu A, Iftimie S, Kuncser V. Relationship between the Formation of Magnetic Clusters and Hexagonal Phase of Gold Matrix in Au xFe 1-x Nanophase Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1176. [PMID: 35407294 PMCID: PMC9000508 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AuxFe1-x nanophase thin films of different compositions and thicknesses were prepared by co-deposition magnetron sputtering. Complex morpho-structural and magnetic investigations of the films were performed by X-ray Diffraction, cross-section Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, Magneto Optical Kerr Effect, Superconducting Quantum Interference Device magnetometry and Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy. It was proven that depending on the preparation conditions, different configurations of defect α-Fe magnetic clusters, i.e., randomly distributed or auto-assembled in lamellar or filiform configurations, can be formed in the Au matrix. A close relationship between the Fe clustering process and the type of the crystalline structure of the Au matrix was underlined, with the stabilization of a hexagonal phase at a composition close to 70 at. % of Au and at optimal thickness. Due to different types of inter-cluster magnetic interactions and spin anisotropies, different types of magnetic order from 2D Ising type to 3D Heisenberg type, as well as superparamagnetic behavior of non-interacting Fe clusters of similar average size, were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Locovei
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor Street 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Cristian Radu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor Street 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Andrei Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Nicusor Iacob
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Gabriel Schinteie
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anda Stanciu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sorina Iftimie
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor Street 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Victor Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.L.); (C.R.); (A.K.); (N.I.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
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23
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Kambe T, Imaoka S, Shimizu M, Hosono R, Yan D, Taya H, Katakura M, Nakamura H, Kubo S, Shishido A, Yamamoto K. Liquid crystalline 2D borophene oxide for inorganic optical devices. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1037. [PMID: 35210423 PMCID: PMC8873452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Borophene has been recently proposed as a next-generation two-dimensional material with promising electronic and optical properties. However, its instability has thus far limited its large-scale applications. Here, we investigate a liquid-state borophene analogue with an ordered layer structure derived from two-dimensional borophene oxide. The material structure, phase transition features and basic properties are revealed by using X-ray analysis, optical and electron microscopy, and thermal characterization. The obtained liquid crystal exhibits high thermal stability at temperatures up to 350 °C and an optical switching behaviour driven by a low voltage of 1 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kambe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shotaro Imaoka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Misa Shimizu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Reina Hosono
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Dongwan Yan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hinayo Taya
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Katakura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hirona Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kubo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shishido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
- JST-ERATO, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
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24
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Yadav S, Sadique MA, Kaushik A, Ranjan P, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Borophene as an emerging 2D flatland for biomedical applications: current challenges and future prospects. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1146-1175. [PMID: 35107476 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02277f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D)-borophene has emerged as a remarkable translational nanomaterial substituting its predecessors in the field of biomedical sensors, diagnostic tools, high-performance healthcare devices, super-capacitors, and energy storage devices. Borophene justifies its demand due to high-performance and controlled optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties as compared with other 2D-nanomaterials. However, continuous efforts are being made to translate theoretical and experimental knowledge into pragmatic platforms. To cover the associated knowledge gap, this review explores the computational and experimental chemistry needed to optimize borophene with desired properties. High electrical conductivity due to destabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), nano-engineering at the monolayer level, chemistry-oriented biocompatibility, and photo-induced features project borophene for biosensing, bioimaging, cancer treatment, and theragnostic applications. Besides, the polymorphs of borophene have been useful to develop specific bonding for DNA sequencing and high-performance medical equipment. In this review, an overall critical and careful discussion of systematic advancements in borophene-based futuristic biomedical applications including artificial intelligence (AI), Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Internet-of-Medical Things (IoMT) assisted smart devices in healthcare to develop high-performance biomedical systems along with challenges and prospects is extensively addressed. Consequently, this review will serve as a key supportive platform as it explores borophene for next-generation biomedical applications. Finally, we have proposed the potential use of borophene in healthcare management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, USA
| | - Pushpesh Ranjan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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25
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Abstract
Hydrogenated borophenes─borophanes─have recently been synthesized as a new platform for studying low-dimensional borides, but most of their lattice structures remain unknown. Here, we determine the structures of borophane polymorphs on Ag(111) by performing extensive structural search using the cluster expansion method augmented with first-principles calculations. Our results reveal rich borophane polymorphs whose stability depends on hydrogen pressure. At relatively low hydrogen pressures, borophane structures with rhombic patterns of two-center-two-electron B-H bonds are energetically preferred, in excellent agreement with two experimentally observed phases. In a wider range of hydrogen pressures, the structure with a combination of two-center-two-electron B-H and three-center-two-electron B-H-B bonds is a deep global minimum, rationalizing its experimental prevalence. For all these borophane polymorphs, their hydrogen "skin" raises the energy barriers for oxidation above 1.1 eV, while their work functions can be reduced by more than 0.5 eV through varying the hydrogen coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Minmin Xue
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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26
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Joshi DJ, Malek NI, Kailasa SK. Borophene as a rising star in materials chemistry: synthesis, properties and applications in analytical science and energy devices. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Borophene is a two-dimensional material that has shown outstanding applications in energy storage devices and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharaben J. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Naved I. Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
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27
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Liu X, Li Q, Ruan Q, Rahn MS, Yakobson BI, Hersam MC. Borophene synthesis beyond the single-atomic-layer limit. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:35-40. [PMID: 34446862 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic two-dimensional (2D) materials have no bulk counterparts and typically exist as single atomic layers due to substrate-stabilized growth. Multilayer formation, although broadly sought for structure and property tuning, has not yet been achieved in the case of synthetic 2D boron: that is, borophene1,2. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the synthesis of an atomically well-defined borophene polymorph beyond the single-atomic-layer (SL) limit. The structure of this bilayer (BL) borophene is consistent with two covalently bonded α-phase layers (termed BL-α borophene) as evidenced from bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy and density functional theory calculations. While the electronic density of states near the Fermi level of BL-α borophene is similar to SL borophene polymorphs, field-emission resonance spectroscopy reveals distinct interfacial charge transfer doping and a heightened local work function exceeding 5 eV. The extension of borophene polymorphs beyond the SL limit significantly expands the phase space for boron-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Qiucheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Qiyuan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew S Rahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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28
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Chen C, Lv H, Zhang P, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Ma C, Li W, Wang X, Feng B, Cheng P, Wu X, Wu K, Chen L. Synthesis of bilayer borophene. Nat Chem 2022; 14:25-31. [PMID: 34764470 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the nearest-neighbour element to carbon, boron is theoretically predicted to have a planar two-dimensional form, named borophene, with novel properties, such as Dirac fermions and superconductivity. Several polymorphs of monolayer borophene have been grown on metal surfaces, yet thicker bilayer and few-layer nanosheets remain elusive. Here we report the synthesis of large-size, single-crystalline bilayer borophene on the Cu(111) surface by molecular beam epitaxy. Combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we show that bilayer borophene consists of two stacked monolayers that are held together by covalent interlayer boron-boron bonding, and each monolayer has β12-like structures with zigzag rows. The formation of a bilayer is associated with a large transfer and redistribution of charge in the first boron layer on Cu(111), which provides additional electrons for the bonding of additional boron atoms, enabling the growth of the second layer. The bilayer borophene is shown to possess metallic character, and be less prone to being oxidized than its monolayer counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
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29
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Ruan Q, Wang L, Bets KV, Yakobson BI. Step-Edge Epitaxy for Borophene Growth on Insulators. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18347-18353. [PMID: 34766759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Borophene─a monatomic layer of boron atoms─stands out among two-dimensional (2D) materials, with its versatile properties tantalizing for physics exploration and next-generation devices. Yet its phases are all synthesized on and stay bound to metal substrates, hampering both characterization and use. Borophene growth on an inert insulator would allow postsynthesis exfoliation, but the weak adhesion to such a substrate results in a high 2D nucleation barrier, preventing clean borophene growth. This challenge can be circumvented in a strategy devised and demonstrated here with ab initio calculations. Naturally present 1D-defects, the step-edges on an h-BN substrate surface, enable boron epitaxial assembly, reduce the nucleation dimensionality, and lower the barrier by an order of magnitude (to 1.1 eV or less), yielding a v1/9 phase. Weak borophene adhesion to the insulator makes it readily accessible for comprehensive property tests or transfer into the device setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luqing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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30
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Cuxart MG, Seufert K, Chesnyak V, Waqas WA, Robert A, Bocquet ML, Duesberg GS, Sachdev H, Auwärter W. Borophenes made easy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk1490. [PMID: 34731005 PMCID: PMC8565903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, the scalable synthesis of elemental two-dimensional materials beyond graphene still remains elusive. Here, we introduce a versatile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to grow borophenes, as well as borophene heterostructures, by selectively using diborane originating from traceable byproducts of borazine. Specifically, metallic borophene polymorphs were successfully synthesized on Ir(111) and Cu(111) single-crystal substrates and conjointly with insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to form atomically precise lateral borophene-hBN interfaces or vertical van der Waals heterostructures. Thereby, borophene is protected from immediate oxidation by a single hBN overlayer. The ability to synthesize high-quality borophenes with large single-crystalline domains in the micrometer scale by a straight-forward CVD approach opens up opportunities for the study of their fundamental properties and for device incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G. Cuxart
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Valeria Chesnyak
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wajahat A. Waqas
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anton Robert
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Georg S. Duesberg
- Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Institut für Physik EIT-2, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Sachdev
- Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Institut für Physik EIT-2, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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31
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Khan K, Tareen AK, Iqbal M, Wang L, Ma C, Shi Z, Ye Z, Ahmad W, Rehman Sagar RU, Shams SS, Sophia PJ, Ullah Z, Xie Z, Guo Z, Zhang H. Navigating recent advances in monoelemental materials (Xenes)-fundamental to biomedical applications. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2021.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Nong J, Xiao X, Feng F, Zhao B, Min C, Yuan X, Somekh M. Active tuning of longitudinal strong coupling between anisotropic borophene plasmons and Bloch surface waves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27750-27759. [PMID: 34615184 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between the resonant modes can give rise to many resonant states, enabling the manipulation of light-matter interactions with more flexibility. Here, we theoretically propose a coupled resonant system where an anisotropic borophene localized plasmonic (BLP) and Bloch surface wave (BSW) can be simultaneously excited. This allows us to manipulate the spectral response of the strong BLP-BSW coupling with exceptional flexibility in the near infrared region. Specifically, the strong longitudinal BLP-BSW coupling occurs when the system is driven into the strong coupling regime, which produces two hybrid modes with a large Rabi splitting up to 124 meV for borophene along both x- and y-directions. A coupled oscillator model is employed to quantitatively describe the observed BSW-BLP coupling by calculating the dispersion of the hybrid modes, which shows excellent agreement with the simulation results. Furthermore, benefited from the angle-dependent BSW mode, the BSW-BLP coupling can be flexibly tuned by actively adjusting the incident angle. Such active tunable BLP-SBW coupling with extreme flexibility offered by this simple layered system makes it promising for the development of diverse borophene-based active photonic and optoelectronic devices in the near infrared region.
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33
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Zhong C, Feng C. An ideal two-dimensional nodal-ring semimetal in tetragonal borophene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17348-17353. [PMID: 34346422 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free-standing stable two-dimensional (2D) boron monolayers, i.e., borophenes, usually settle into triangular lattices with different ratios of monoatomic vacancies. However, a stable polymorph can be drastically distinct from a free-standing one upon charge doping or on a substrate, as evidenced by the free-standing unstable hexagonal borophene that was prepared on the Al(111) substrate [Sci. Bull., 2018, 63, 282]. Moreover, 2D borophenes prefer to be oxidized to form more stable borophene oxides under ambient conditions. In this work, with the help of first-principles calculations, we propose a stable borophene oxide (t-B2O) through oxidizing the free-standing unstable T-borophene. More interestingly, t-B2O is a topological nodal-ring semimetal protected by in-plane mirror symmetry and characterized by a topological index. The energy fluctuation of the nodal ring is small and no extraneous bands are entangled with the nodal ring around the Fermi level. Two tight-binding models are developed to elucidate the orbital interactions and the formation of the nodal ring. Our work not only discovers a new ideal 2D topological nodal-ring semimetal, but the method used here also provides a fresh view in the search for 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Zhong
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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34
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Ou M, Wang X, Yu L, Liu C, Tao W, Ji X, Mei L. The Emergence and Evolution of Borophene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001801. [PMID: 34194924 PMCID: PMC8224432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring carbon and sandwiched between non-metals and metals in the periodic table of the elements, boron is one of the most chemically and physically versatile elements, and can be manipulated to form dimensionally low planar structures (borophene) with intriguing properties. Herein, the theoretical research and experimental developments in the synthesis of borophene, as well as its excellent properties and application in many fields, are reviewed. The decade-long effort toward understanding the size-dependent structures of boron clusters and the theory-directed synthesis of borophene, including bottom-up approaches based on different foundations, as well as up-down approaches with different exfoliation modes, and the key factors influencing the synthetic effects, are comprehensively summarized. Owing to its excellent chemical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, borophene has shown great promise in supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen-storage, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, borophene nanoplatforms used in various biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and photonic therapy, are highlighted. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of borophene in large-scale production and other prospective applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
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35
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Ta LT, Hamada I, Morikawa Y, Dinh VA. Adsorption of toxic gases on borophene: surface deformation links to chemisorptions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18279-18287. [PMID: 35480898 PMCID: PMC9033448 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β12 borophene has received great attention because of its intriguing mechanical and electronic properties. One of the possible applications of borophene is gas sensing. However, the interaction between common gases and β12 borophene remains to be clarified. In this work, we study the interactions of β12 borophene towards five hazardous gases, namely, CO, NO, NH3, NO2, and CO2 using various non-empirical van der Waals density functionals and provide an insight into the adsorption behavior of borophene. The adsorption mechanism and molecular vibrations are discussed in great detail. Among the gases considered, CO2 is physisorbed while other gases are chemically bonded to β12 borophene. We also demonstrate that the deformation at the ridge of borophene enables its active p z orbital to strongly hybridize with frontier orbitals of the studied polar gases. Consequently, borophene is predicted to interact strongly with CO, NO, NH3, and especially NO2, making it a sensitive sensing material for toxic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Thi Ta
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Nanotechnology Program, VNU Vietnam Japan University Luu Huu Phuoc Str., My Dinh I, Nam Tu Liem Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environment, Vietnam Maritime University Le Chan Haiphong, 18000 Vietnam
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
- Research Center for Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Van An Dinh
- Nanotechnology Program, VNU Vietnam Japan University Luu Huu Phuoc Str., My Dinh I, Nam Tu Liem Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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36
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Song X, Zhang H, Yang J. Infrared Plasmonic Sensing with Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Material Borophene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1165. [PMID: 33946878 PMCID: PMC8147074 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Borophene, a new member of the two-dimensional material family, has been found to support surface plasmon polaritons in visible and infrared regimes, which can be integrated into various optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. To further explore the potential plasmonic applications of borophene, we propose an infrared plasmonic sensor based on the borophene ribbon array. The nanostructured borophene can support localized surface plasmon resonances, which can sense the local refractive index of the environment via spectral response. By analytical and numerical calculation, we investigate the influences of geometric as well as material parameters on the sensing performance of the proposed sensor in detail. The results show how to tune and optimize the sensitivity and figure of merit of the proposed structure and reveal that the borophene sensor possesses comparable sensing performance with conventional plasmonic sensors. This work provides the route to design a borophene plasmonic sensor with high performance and can be applied in next-generation point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Mirco/Nano Optoelectronic and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.Z.); (X.S.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
| | - Zhaojian Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- Institute of Mirco/Nano Optoelectronic and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.Z.); (X.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Institute of Mirco/Nano Optoelectronic and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.Z.); (X.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Junbo Yang
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
- Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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37
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Penev ES, Marzari N, Yakobson BI. Theoretical Prediction of Two-Dimensional Materials, Behavior, and Properties. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5959-5976. [PMID: 33823108 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Predictive modeling of two-dimensional (2D) materials is at the crossroad of two current rapidly growing interests: 2D materials per se, massively sought after and explored in experimental laboratories, and materials theoretical-computational models in general, flourishing on a fertile mix of condensed-matter physics and chemistry with advancing computational technology. Here the general methods and specific techniques of modeling are briefly overviewed, along with a somewhat philosophical assessment of what "prediction" is, followed by selected practical examples for 2D materials, from structures and properties, to device functionalities and synthetic routes for their making. We conclude with a brief sketch-outlook of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Liu T, Zhou C, Xiao S. Tailoring anisotropic absorption in a borophene-based structure via critical coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8941-8950. [PMID: 33820334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research of two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic-scale thicknesses and unique optical properties has become a frontier in photonics and electronics. Borophene, a newly reported 2D material, provides a novel building block for nanoscale materials and devices. We present a simple borophene-based absorption structure to boost the light-borophene interaction via critical coupling in the visible wavelengths. The proposed structure consists of borophene monolayer deposited on a photonic crystal slab backed with a metallic mirror. The numerical simulations and theoretical analysis show that the light absorption of the structure can be remarkably enhanced as high as 99.80% via critical coupling mechanism with guided resonance, and the polarization-dependent absorption behaviors are demonstrated due to the strong anisotropy of borophene. We also examine the tunability of the absorption behaviors by adjusting carrier density and lifetime of borophene, air hole radius in the slab, the incident angle and polarization angle. The proposed absorption structure provides novel access to the flexible and effective manipulation of light-borophene interactions in the visible and shows a good prospect for the future borophene-based electronic and photonic devices.
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39
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Ding C, Gao H, Geng W, Zhao M. Anomalous plasmons in a two-dimensional Dirac nodal-line Lieb lattice. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1127-1135. [PMID: 36133292 PMCID: PMC9419277 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials feature an interesting regime with a tunable frequency, and long propagating length and lifetime, but are rarely achieved in the visible light regime. Using a tight-binding (TB) model in combination with first-principles calculations, we investigated plasmon modes in a 2D Lieb lattice with a Dirac nodal-line electronic structure. In contrast to conventional 2D plasmons, anomalous plasmons in the Lieb lattice exhibit the unique features of a carrier-density-independent frequency, being Landau-damping free in a wide-range of wave vectors, a high frequency, and high subwavelength confinement. Remarkably, by using first-principles calculations, we proposed a candidate material, 2D Be2C monolayer, to achieve these interesting plasmon properties. The plasmons in the Be2C monolayer can survive up to the visible frequency region and propagate to large momentum transfer that has rarely been reported. The anomalous plasmons revealed in the Lieb lattice offer a promising platform for the study of 2D plasmons as well as the design of 2D plasmonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 Shandong China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 Shandong China
| | - Wenhui Geng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 Shandong China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 Shandong China
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Nong J, Feng F, Min C, Yuan X, Somekh M. Controllable hybridization between localized and delocalized anisotropic borophene plasmons in the near-infrared region. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:725-728. [PMID: 33577499 DOI: 10.1364/ol.416493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we theoretically propose a coupled borophene plasmonic system, where an anisotropic localized plasmonic (LP) mode and a delocalized guided plasmonic (DGP) mode can be simultaneously excited. This allows us to manipulate the optical response of the strong LP-DGP coupling with exceptional flexibility in the near-infrared region, which is not possible with the conventional metallic plasmonic structures, and overcomes some shortcomings of coupled structures based on the other 2D materials. Specifically, the spatially LP-DGP coupling can arise when the system is driven into the strong coupling regime; this gives rise to a transparency window which can be well described by a coupled oscillation model. The bandwidth of the window is governed by the coupling strength which can be passively adjusted by the spacer thickness, while the center wavelength and the number of windows can be actively modulated by tuning the borophene electron density and the incident angle.
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41
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Bergeron H, Lebedev D, Hersam MC. Polymorphism in Post-Dichalcogenide Two-Dimensional Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2713-2775. [PMID: 33555868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of atomic structures, compositions, and associated versatility of properties. Furthermore, for a given composition, a variety of different crystal structures (i.e., polymorphs) can be observed. Polymorphism in 2D materials presents a fertile landscape for designing novel architectures and imparting new functionalities. The objective of this Review is to identify the polymorphs of emerging 2D materials, describe their polymorph-dependent properties, and outline methods used for polymorph control. Since traditional 2D materials (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides) have already been studied extensively, the focus here is on polymorphism in post-dichalcogenide 2D materials including group III, IV, and V elemental 2D materials, layered group III, IV, and V metal chalcogenides, and 2D transition metal halides. In addition to providing a comprehensive survey of recent experimental and theoretical literature, this Review identifies the most promising opportunities for future research including how 2D polymorph engineering can provide a pathway to materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadallia Bergeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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42
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Zhour K, Otero-Mato JM, Hassan FEH, Fahs H, Vaezzadeh M, López-Lago E, Gallego LJ, Varela LM. Tuning the hybrid borophene−/graphene-ionic liquid interface: Effect of metal cations on the electronic and photonic properties. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Hou C, Tai G, Wu Z, Hao J. Borophene: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2186-2196. [PMID: 32989917 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Borophenes (2D boron sheets) have triggered a surge of interest both theoretically and experimentally because of its distinct structural, optical and electronic properties for extensive potential applications. Although theoretical efforts have guided the research directions of borophene, only few synthetic borophene sheets have been demonstrated experimentally. Borophene sheets have been successfully synthesized experimentally on metal substrates until 2015. Afterwards, more efforts were put on the controlled synthesis of crystalline and semiconducting borophene sheets as well as on the investigation of their novel and fascinating physical properties. This report provides a brief review on theoretical and experimental progress in borophene research. Some typical structures and properties of borophenes have been reviewed. The focus is laid on summarizing the experimental synthesis of borophene in recent years, and on showing some ultrastable and semiconducting borophenes which have been applied in electronic information devices. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities regarding experimental realization and practical applications of borophenes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jinqian Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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44
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Lian C, Hu SQ, Zhang J, Cheng C, Yuan Z, Gao S, Meng S. Integrated Plasmonics: Broadband Dirac Plasmons in Borophene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:116802. [PMID: 32976016 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.116802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed numerous discoveries of two-dimensional (2D) semimetals and insulators, whereas 2D metals were rarely identified. Borophene, a monolayer boron sheet, has recently emerged as a perfect 2D metal with unique electronic properties. Here we study collective excitations in borophene, which exhibit two major plasmon modes with low damping rates extending from the infrared to ultraviolet regime. The anisotropic 1D plasmon originates from electronic transitions of tilted Dirac cones in borophene, analogous to that in extreme doped graphene. These features enable borophene as an integrated platform of 1D, 2D, and Dirac plasmons, promising for directional polariton transport and broadband optical communication in next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shi-Qi Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cai Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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45
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Dereshgi SA, Liu Z, Aydin K. Anisotropic localized surface plasmons in borophene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16725-16739. [PMID: 32549488 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study on the plasmonic response of borophene, a monolayer 2D material that is predicted to exhibit metallic response and anisotropic plasmonic behavior in visible wavelengths. We investigate plasmonic properties of borophene thin films as well as borophene nanoribbons and nanopatches where polarization-sensitive absorption values in the order of 50% is obtained with monolayer borophene. It is demonstrated that by adding a metal layer, this absorption can be enhanced to 100%. We also examine giant dichroism in monolayer borophene which can be tuned passively (patterning) and actively (electrostatic gating) and our simulations yield 20% reflected light with significant polarization rotation. These findings reveal the potential of borophene in the manipulation of phase, amplitude and polarization of light at the extreme subwavelength scales.
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46
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Jiao Y, Ma F, Gu J, Chen Z, Du A. Polymorphism of low dimensional boron nanomaterials driven by electrostatic gating: a computational discovery. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10543-10549. [PMID: 32222745 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The successful synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) boron sheets typically relies on the utilization of a silver surface, which acts as a gated substrate compensating for the electron-deficiency of boron. However, how the structures of one-dimensional (1D) boron are affected by the gating effect remains unclear. By means of an unbiased global minimum structure search and density functional theory (DFT) computations, we discovered the coexistence of 2D boron sheets and 1D ribbons triggered by electrostatic gating. Specifically, at a low excess charge density level (<0.1 e per atom), 2D boron sheets dominate the low energy configurations. As the charge density increases (>0.3 e per atom), more 1D boron ribbons emerge, while the number of 2D layers is reduced. Additionally, a number of low-lying 1D boron ribbons were discovered, among which a flat borophene-like ribbon (FBR) was predicted to be stable and possess high mechanical strength. Moreover, the electride Ca2N was identified as an ideal substrate for the fabrication of the FBR because of its ability to supply a strong electrostatic field. This work bridges the gap between 2D and 1D boron structures, reveals the polymorphism of 1D boron ribbons under the electrostatic gating effect, and in general provides broad implications for future synthesis and applications of low-dimensional boron materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Jiao
- School of Physics and Chemistry and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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Haldar A, Cortes CL, Darancet P, Sharifzadeh S. Microscopic Theory of Plasmons in Substrate-Supported Borophene. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2986-2992. [PMID: 32208703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We compute the dielectric properties of freestanding and metal-supported borophene from first-principles time-dependent density functional theory. We find that both the low- and high-energy plasmons of borophene are fully quenched by the presence of a metallic substrate at borophene-metal distances smaller than ≃9 Å. Based on these findings, we derive an electrodynamic model of the interacting, momentum-dependent polarizability for a two-dimensional metal on a model metallic substrate, which quantitatively captures the evolution of the dielectric properties of borophene as a function of metal-borophene distance. Applying this model to a series of metallic substrates, we show that maximizing the plasmon energy detuning between borophene and substrate is the key material descriptor for plasmonic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Haldar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Cristian L Cortes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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48
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Universal slow plasmons and giant field enhancement in atomically thin quasi-two-dimensional metals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1013. [PMID: 32081895 PMCID: PMC7035343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmons depend strongly on dimensionality: while plasmons in three-dimensional systems start with finite energy at wavevector q = 0, plasmons in traditional two-dimensional (2D) electron gas disperse as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\omega _p \sim \sqrt q$$\end{document}ωp~q. However, besides graphene, plasmons in real, atomically thin quasi-2D materials were heretofore not well understood. Here we show that the plasmons in real quasi-2D metals are qualitatively different, being virtually dispersionless for wavevectors of typical experimental interest. This stems from a broken continuous translational symmetry which leads to interband screening; so, dispersionless plasmons are a universal intrinsic phenomenon in quasi-2D metals. Moreover, our ab initio calculations reveal that plasmons of monolayer metallic transition metal dichalcogenides are tunable, long lived, able to sustain field intensity enhancement exceeding 107, and localizable in real space (within ~20 nm) with little spreading over practical measurement time. This opens the possibility of tracking plasmon wave packets in real time for novel imaging techniques in atomically thin materials. Plasmons depend strongly on dimensionality. Here the authors show that plasmons in atomically thin metals are qualitatively different from those in a 2D electron gas or metal slab: they are dispersionless at large wavevectors and, in systems such as monolayer TaS2, long-lived enough to be observed experimentally as localized plasmon wave packets.
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49
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Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu X, Xuan X, Yakobson BI, Hersam MC, Guo W. Borophene Concentric Superlattices via Self-Assembly of Twin Boundaries. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1315-1321. [PMID: 31951420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its in-plane structural anisotropy and highly polymorphic nature, borophene has been shown to form a diverse set of linear superlattice structures that are not observed in other two-dimensional materials. Here, we show both theoretically and experimentally that concentric superlattice structures can also be realized in borophene via the energetically preferred self-assembly of coherent twin boundaries. Since borophene twin boundaries do not require the creation of additional lattice defects, they are exceptionally low in energy and thus easier to nucleate and even migrate than grain boundaries in other two-dimensional materials. Due to their high mobility, borophene twin boundaries naturally self-assemble to form novel phases consisting of periodic concentric loops of filled boron hexagons that are further preferred energetically by the rotational registry of borophene on the Ag(111) surface. Compared to defect-free borophene, concentric superlattice borophene phases are predicted to possess enhanced mechanical strength and localized electronic states. Overall, these results establish defect-mediated self-assembly as a pathway to unique borophene structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Liu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program , Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Xiaoyu Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering and Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Applied Physics Graduate Program , Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute of Nanoscience , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
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50
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Glavin NR, Rao R, Varshney V, Bianco E, Apte A, Roy A, Ringe E, Ajayan PM. Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904302. [PMID: 31667920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As elemental main group materials (i.e., silicon and germanium) have dominated the field of modern electronics, their monolayer 2D analogues have shown great promise for next-generation electronic materials as well as potential game-changing properties for optoelectronics, energy, and beyond. These atomically thin materials composed of single atomic variants of group III through group VI elements on the periodic table have already demonstrated exciting properties such as near-room-temperature topological insulation in bismuthene, extremely high electron mobilities in phosphorene and silicone, and substantial Li-ion storage capability in borophene. Isolation of these materials within the postgraphene era began with silicene in 2010 and quickly progressed to the experimental identification or theoretical prediction of 15 of the 18 main group elements existing as solids at standard pressure and temperatures. This review first focuses on the significance of defects/functionalization, discussion of different allotropes, and overarching structure-property relationships of 2D main group elemental materials. Then, a complete review of emerging applications in electronics, sensing, spintronics, plasmonics, photodetectors, ultrafast lasers, batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrics is presented by application type, including detailed descriptions of how the material properties may be tailored toward each specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
- UES Inc., Beavercreek, OH, 45431, USA
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Elisabeth Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Amey Apte
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ajit Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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