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Gao MY, Liu L, Deng C, Bon V, Song BQ, Yang S, Schröder M, Kaskel S, Zaworotko MJ. Light and Guest Responsive Behavior in a Porous Coordination Network Enabled by Reversible [2+2] Photocycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404084. [PMID: 38863431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive physisorbents that undergo reversible structural transformations induced by external stimuli (e.g. light, guests, or heat) offer the promise of utility in gas storage and separation. Whereas reports on guest or light-responsive sorbents have increased in recent years, we are unaware of reports on sorbents that exhibit both light and guest-induced structural transformations. Herein, we report that the square lattice, sql, topology coordination network Zn(fba)(bis) ⋅ 2DMF (sql-5,6-Zn-α, 5=trans-4,4'-bis(1-imidazolyl)stilbene=bis, 6=2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane=H2fba) underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation (SCSC) upon activation, affording nonporous sql-5,6-Zn-β. Parallel alignment at 3.23 Å of olefinic moieties on adjacent bis ligands in sql-5,6-Zn-α enabled SCSC [2+2] photocycloaddition upon exposure to UV light (365 nm) or sunlight. sql-5,6-Zn-α thereby transformed to mot-5,6-Zn-α, which was subsequently activated to the narrow pore phase mot-5,6-Zn-β. sql-5,6-Zn-β and mot-5,6-Zn-β both exhibited S-shaped adsorption isotherms characteristic of guest-induced structural changes when exposed to CO2 at 195 K (type-F-IV and type F-I, respectively). Cycling experiments conducted upon sql-5,6-Zn-β reduced particle size after cycle 1 and induced transformation into a rare example of a shape memory coordination network, sql-5,6-Zn-γ. Insight into this smorgasbord of SCSC phase changes was gained from in situ PXRD, single crystal XRD and 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yan Gao
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lunjie Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chenghua Deng
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bai-Qiao Song
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sihai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael J Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
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2
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Parashar RK, Jash P, Zharnikov M, Mondal PC. Metal-organic Frameworks in Semiconductor Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317413. [PMID: 38252076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a specific class of hybrid, crystalline, nano-porous materials made of metal-ion-based 'nodes' and organic linkers. Most of the studies on MOFs largely focused on porosity, chemical and structural diversity, gas sorption, sensing, drug delivery, catalysis, and separation applications. In contrast, much less reports paid attention to understanding and tuning the electrical properties of MOFs. Poor electrical conductivity of MOFs (~10-7-10-10 S cm-1), reported in earlier studies, impeded their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and renewable energy storage. To overcome this drawback, the MOF community has adopted several intriguing strategies for electronic applications. The present review focuses on creatively designed bulk MOFs and surface-anchored MOFs (SURMOFs) with different metal nodes (from transition metals to lanthanides), ligand functionalities, and doping entities, allowing tuning and enhancement of electrical conductivity. Diverse platforms for MOFs-based electronic device fabrications, conductivity measurements, and underlying charge transport mechanisms are also addressed. Overall, the review highlights the pros and cons of MOFs-based electronics (MOFtronics), followed by an analysis of the future directions of research, including optimization of the MOF compositions, heterostructures, electrical contacts, device stacking, and further relevant options which can be of interest for MOF researchers and result in improved devices performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeev Kumar Parashar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Priyajit Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
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3
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Lvov AG, Klimenko LS, Bykov VN, Hecht S. Revisiting Peri-Aryloxyquinones: From a Forgotten Photochromic System to a Promising Tool for Emerging Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303654. [PMID: 38085655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging applications of photochromic compounds demand new molecular designs that can be inspired by some long-known yet currently forgotten classes of photoswitches. In the present review, we remind the community about Peri-AryloxyQuinones (PAQs) and their unique photoswitching behavior originally discovered more than 50 years ago. At the heart of this phenomenon is the light-induced migration of an aromatic moiety (arylotropy) in peri-aryloxy-substituted quinones resulting in ana-quinones. PAQs feature absorbance of both isomers in the visible spectral region, photochromism in the amorphous and crystalline state, and thermal stability of the photogenerated ana-isomer. Particularly noticeable is the high sensitivity of the ana-isomer towards nucleophiles in solution. In addition to the mechanism of molecular photochromism and the underlaying structure-switch relationships, we analyze potential applications and prospects of aryloxyquinones in optically switchable materials and devices. Due to their ability to efficiently photoswitch in the solid state, PAQs are indeed attractive candidates for such materials and devices, including electronics (optically controllable circuits, switches, transistors, memories, and displays), porous crystalline materials, crystalline actuators, photoactivated sensors, and many more. This review is intended to serve as a guide for researchers who wish to use photoswitchable PAQs in the development of new photocontrollable materials, devices, and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Klimenko
- Yugra State University, 16 Chekhov St., Khanty-Mansiysk, 628012, Russia
| | - Vasily N Bykov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Zhu HJ, Si DH, Guo H, Chen Z, Cao R, Huang YB. Oxygen-tolerant CO 2 electroreduction over covalent organic frameworks via photoswitching control oxygen passivation strategy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1479. [PMID: 38368417 PMCID: PMC10874412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct use of flue gas for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction is desirable but severely limited by the thermodynamically favorable oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a photonicswitching unit 1,2-Bis(5'-formyl-2'-methylthien-3'-yl)cyclopentene (DAE) is integrated into a cobalt porphyrin-based covalent organic framework for highly efficient CO2 electrocatalysis under aerobic environment. The DAE moiety in the material can reversibly modulate the O2 activation capacity and electronic conductivity by the framework ring-closing/opening reactions under UV/Vis irradiation. The DAE-based covalent organic framework with ring-closing type shows a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 90.5% with CO partial current density of -20.1 mA cm-2 at -1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode by co-feeding CO2 and 5% O2. This work presents an oxygen passivation strategy to realize efficient CO2 electroreduction performance by co-feeding of CO2 and O2, which would inspire to design electrocatalysts for the practical CO2 source such as flue gas from power plants or air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350108, Fuzhou, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, PR China.
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5
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Czepa W, Danowski W, Krause S, Sozzani P, Ciesielski A, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Construction of Multi-Stimuli Responsive Highly Porous Switchable Frameworks by In Situ Solid-State Generation of Spiropyran Switches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305783. [PMID: 37643306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive molecular systems support within permanently porous materials offer the opportunity to host dynamic functions in multifunctional smart materials. However, the construction of highly porous frameworks featuring external-stimuli responsiveness, for example by light excitation, is still in its infancy. Here a general strategy is presented to construct spiropyran-functionalized highly porous switchable aromatic frameworks by modular and high-precision anchoring of molecular hooks and an innovative in situ solid-state grafting approach. Three spiropyran-grafted frameworks bearing distinct functional groups exhibiting various stimuli-responsiveness are generated by two-step post-solid-state synthesis of a parent indole-based material. The quantitative transformation and preservation of high porosity are demonstrated by spectroscopic and gas adsorption techniques. For the first time, a highly efficient strategy is provided to construct multi-stimuli-responsive, yet structurally robust, spiropyran materials with high pore capacity which is proved essential for the reversible and quantitative isomerization in the bulk as demonstrated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The overall strategy allows to construct dynamic materials that undergoes reversible transformation of spiropyran to zwitterionic merocyanine, by chemical and physical stimulation, showing potential for pH active control, responsive gas uptake and release, contaminant removal, and water harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Włodzimierz Czepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Simon Krause
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
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6
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Mostaghimi M, Pacheco Hernandez H, Jiang Y, Wenzel W, Heinke L, Kozlowska M. On-off conduction photoswitching in modelled spiropyran-based metal-organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2023; 6:275. [PMID: 38110545 PMCID: PMC10728195 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials with photoswitchable electronic properties and conductance values that can be reversibly changed over many orders of magnitude are highly desirable. Metal-organic framework (MOF) films functionalized with photoresponsive spiropyran molecules demonstrated the general possibility to switch the conduction by light with potentially large on-off-ratios. However, the fabrication of MOF materials in a trial-and-error approach is cumbersome and would benefit significantly from in silico molecular design. Based on the previous proof-of-principle investigation, here, we design photoswitchable MOFs which incorporate spiropyran photoswitches at controlled positions with defined intermolecular distances and orientations. Using multiscale modelling and automated workflow protocols, four MOF candidates are characterized and their potential for photoswitching the conductivity is explored. Using ab initio calculations of the electronic coupling between the molecules in the MOF, we show that lattice distances and vibrational flexibility tremendously modulate the possible conduction photoswitching between spiropyran- and merocyanine-based MOFs upon light absorption, resulting in average on-off ratios higher than 530 and 4200 for p- and n-conduction switching, respectively. Further functionalization of the photoswitches with electron-donating/-withdrawing groups is demonstrated to shift the energy levels of the frontier orbitals, permitting a guided design of new spiropyran-based photoswitches towards controlled modification between electron and hole conduction in a MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersad Mostaghimi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helmy Pacheco Hernandez
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yunzhe Jiang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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7
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Zhang J, Kosaka W, Liu Q, Amamizu N, Kitagawa Y, Miyasaka H. CO 2-Sensitive Porous Magnet: Antiferromagnet Creation from a Paramagnetic Charge-Transfer Layered Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26179-26189. [PMID: 38053496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous magnets that undergo a magnetic phase transition in response to gaseous adsorbates are desirable for the development of sustainable sensing and memory devices. Familiar gases such as O2 and CO2 are one class of target adsorbates because of their close association with life sciences and environmental issues; however, it is not easy to develop magnetic devices that respond to these ubiquitous gases. To date, only three examples of gas-responsive magnetic phase transitions have been demonstrated: (i) from a ferrimagnet to an antiferromagnet, (ii) its vice versa (i.e., change of magnetic phase), and (iii) from a ferrimagnet to a paramagnet (i.e., erasure of the magnetic phase). However, the creation of a magnet, meaning the change from a nonmagnet to a magnet by O2 or CO2 gas adsorption and magnetic switching by this phenomenon have not yet been explored. Herein, we report a CO2-induced antiferromagnet modified from a paramagnetic charge-flexible layered compound, [{Ru2(2,4-F2PhCO2)4}2TCNQ(OEt)2] (1; 2,4-F2PhCO2- = 2,4-difluorobenzoate; TCNQ(OEt)2 = 2,5-diethoxy-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane), where three molar equivalents of CO2 was accommodated at a CO2 pressure of 100 kPa. The magnetic change originates from charge fluctuation due to the transfer of electrons moving from the electron-donor to the electron-acceptor unit or vice versa, resulting in a change in the electron distribution induced by CO2 adsorption/desorption in the donor-acceptor-type charge transfer framework. Owing to the reversible electronic state change upon CO2 adsorption/desorption, these magnetic phases are switched, accompanied by modification of the electrical conductivity, which is boosted by the CO2 accommodation. This is the first example of the creation of a CO2-responsive magnet, which is promising for novel molecular multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wataru Kosaka
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Aoba-ku 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Sendai, Aoba-ku 980-8578, Japan
| | - Qingxin Liu
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Aoba-ku 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Sendai, Aoba-ku 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoka Amamizu
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-chou, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-chou, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Aoba-ku 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Sendai, Aoba-ku 980-8578, Japan
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Yadav A, Baker J, Saha S. From a Collapse-Prone, Insulating Ni-MOF-74 Analogue to Crystalline, Porous, and Electrically Conducting PEDOT@MOF Composites. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18999-19005. [PMID: 37934947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great promise in helping advance electronics and clean energy technologies. However, large porosity usually hinders long-range charge transport, an essential criterion of electrical conductivity, underscoring the need for new strategies to combine these two opposing features and realize their diverse potentials. All previous strategies to boost the conductivity of porous MOFs by introducing redox-complementary guest molecules, conducting polymers, and metal nanoparticles have led to a significant loss of frameworks' porosity and surface areas, which could be otherwise exploited to capture additional guests in electrocatalysis and chemiresistive sensing applications. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that the in situ oxidative polymerization of preloaded 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers into the polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) polymer inside the hexagonal cavities of an intrinsically insulating Ni2(NDISA) MOF-74 analogue (NDISA = naphthalenediimide N,N-disalicylate), which easily collapses and becomes amorphous upon drying, simultaneously enhanced the crystallinity, porosity, and electrical conductivity of the resulting PEDOT@Ni2(NDISA) composites. At lower PEDOT loading (∼22 wt %), not only did the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the PEDOT@Ni2(NDISA) composite (926 m2/g) more than double from that of evacuated pristine Ni2(NDISA) (387 m2/g), but also its electrical conductivity (1.1 × 10-5 S/cm) soared 105 times from that of the pristine MOF, demonstrating unprecedented dual benefits of our strategy. At higher PEDOT loading (≥33 wt %), the electrical conductivity of Ni2(NDISA)⊃PEDOT composites further increased modestly (10-4 S/cm), but their porosity dropped precipitously as large amounts of PEDOT filled up the hexagonal MOF channels. Thus, our work presents a simple new strategy to simultaneously boost the structural stability, porosity, and electrical conductivity of intrinsically insulating and collapse-prone MOFs by introducing small amounts of conducting polymers that can not only reinforce the MOF scaffolds and prevent them from collapsing but also help create a much coveted non-native property by providing charge carriers and charge transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Weikang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jacob Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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9
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Leng K, Sato H, Chen Z, Yuan W, Aida T. "Photochemical Surgery" of 1D Metal-Organic Frameworks with a Site-Selective Solubilization/Crystallization Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23416-23421. [PMID: 37728968 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) hybrid MOFs are attractive if they consist of different MOF blocks with interconnected channels. However, the precision synthesis of such 1D multiblock MOFs with the desired block lengths and sequences remains a formidable challenge. Herein we propose the "photochemical surgery" method, which combines top-down and bottom-up approaches to enable the site-selective solubilization (removal)/crystallization (reconstruction) of 1D MOFs. We employed photoreactive MOFs, which were prepared by complexing either Cd2+ or Zn2+ with a mixture containing a photochromic bispyridyl ligand (PyDTEopen or PyDTZEopen) and an isophthalate (5-nitroisophthalate (nip2-) or 5-bromoisophthalate (bip2-)). These MOFs were obtained as high-aspect-ratio, needlelike, colorless crystals that bore 1D channels oriented parallel to the long needle axis. When photoreactive DTECdMOFNO2 ([Cd(nip)(PyDTEopen)(H2O)]n), for example, was immobilized at both ends with a metal alloy on a glass substrate and exposed to UV light through a photomask for 60 min in N,N-dimethylformamide/methanol (DMF/MeOH), the unmasked part was removed via solubilization to produce a 50 μm gap. The resulting specimen was immersed for 24 h at 25 °C in DMF/MeOH containing the necessary components for the construction of DTZECdMOFNO2 ([Cd(nip)(PyDTZEopen)(H2O)]n). Eventually, the gap was filled with DTZECdMOFNO2 to produce a triblock hybrid MOF (DTECdMOFNO2-DTZECdMOFNO2-DTECdMOFNO2). The result of a guest diffusion experiment confirmed that the newly formed DTZECdMOFNO2 block shared its 1D channels with the host DTECdMOFNO2 blocks. "Photochemical surgery" can be applied to synthesize 1D hybrid MOFs bearing unconventional sequences and morphologies, e.g., honeycomb- and inverted-honeycomb-patterned hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Das G, Prakasam T, Alkhatib N, AbdulHalim RG, Chandra F, Sharma SK, Garai B, Varghese S, Addicoat MA, Ravaux F, Pasricha R, Jagannathan R, Saleh N, Kirmizialtin S, Olson MA, Trabolsi A. Light-driven self-assembly of spiropyran-functionalized covalent organic framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3765. [PMID: 37353549 PMCID: PMC10290075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the number of molecular switches and their relative positioning within porous materials is critical to their functionality and properties. The proximity of many molecular switches to one another can hinder or completely suppress their response. Herein, a synthetic strategy involving mixed linkers is used to control the distribution of spiropyran-functionalized linkers in a covalent organic framework (COF). The COF contains a spiropyran in each pore which exhibits excellent reversible photoswitching behavior to its merocyanine form in the solid state in response to UV/Vis light. The spiro-COF possesses an urchin-shaped morphology and exhibits a morphological transition to 2D nanosheets and vesicles in solution upon UV light irradiation. The merocyanine-equipped COFs are extremely stable and possess a more ordered structure with enhanced photoluminescence. This approach to modulating structural isomerization in the solid state is used to develop inkless printing media, while the photomediated polarity change is used for water harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Das
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thirumurugan Prakasam
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Alkhatib
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha G AbdulHalim
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bikash Garai
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabu Varghese
- CTP, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK
| | - Florent Ravaux
- Quantum research center, Technology Innovation Institute, P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Renu Pasricha
- CTP, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramesh Jagannathan
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na'il Saleh
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Serdal Kirmizialtin
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mark A Olson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA.
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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11
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Xue K, Hussain S, Fan S, Peng X. Proton conducting metal-organic frameworks with light response for multistate logic gates. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12646-12653. [PMID: 37101529 PMCID: PMC10123489 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The simulation of neurons receiving stimulation and transmitting signals by proton conduction has great potential applications in electrochemistry and biology. In this work, copper tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (Cu-TCPP), which is a proton conductive metal organic framework (MOF) with photothermal response, is adopted as the structural framework, with the in situ co-incorporation of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and sulfonated spiropyran (SSP) to prepare the composite membranes. The resultant PSS-SSP@Cu-TCPP thin-film membranes were used as the logic gates i.e., NO gate, NOR gate and NAND gate because of the photothermal effect of Cu-TCPP MOFs and the photoinduced conformational changes of SSP. This membrane exhibits the high proton conductivity of 1.37 × 10-4 S cm-1. Under the conditions of 55 °C and 95% relative humidity (RH), using 405 nm laser irradiation with 400 mW cm-2 and 520 nm laser irradiation with 200 mW cm-2 as inputs, the device can be adjusted between various steady states, and the value of the conductivity is regarded as the output with different thresholds in different logic gates. Before and after laser irradiation, the electrical conductivity changes dramatically, and the ON/OFF switching ratio reached 1068. The application of three logic gates is realized by constructing circuits with LED lights. Depending on the convenience of light and the easy measurement of conductivity, this kind of device with light source as input and electrical signal as output provides the possibility to realize the remote control of chemical sensors and complex logic gates devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Shabab Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Shuaikang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University Wenzhou 325006 P. R. China
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12
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Greussing V, Kremer S, Ober I, Küssner K, Rödl M, Huppertz H, Schwartz HA. Mechanochemical Loading: An Alternative Route to form Spiropyran@MOF Composite Materials. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Greussing
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Stephane Kremer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Isabell Ober
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Kira Küssner
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Markus Rödl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Heidi A. Schwartz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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13
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Zhao JL, Li MH, Cheng YM, Zhao XW, Xu Y, Cao ZY, You MH, Lin MJ. Photochromic crystalline hybrid materials with switchable properties: Recent advances and potential applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Thaggard GC, Haimerl J, Park KC, Lim J, Fischer RA, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Yarbrough BJ, Wilson GR, Shustova NB. Metal-Photoswitch Friendship: From Photochromic Complexes to Functional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23249-23263. [PMID: 36512744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-photoswitch interfaces comprise an application-driven field which is based on strategic coupling of metal cations and organic photochromic molecules to advance the behavior of both components, resulting in dynamic molecular and material properties controlled through external stimuli. In this Perspective, we highlight the ways in which metal-photoswitch interplay can be utilized as a tool to modulate a system's physicochemical properties and performance in a variety of structural motifs, including discrete molecular complexes or cages, as well as periodic structures such as metal-organic frameworks. This Perspective starts with photochromic molecular complexes as the smallest subunit in which metal-photoswitch interactions can occur, and progresses toward functional materials. In particular, we explore the role of the metal-photoswitch relationship for gaining fundamental knowledge of switchable electronic and magnetic properties, as well as in the design of stimuli-responsive sensors, optically gated memory devices, catalysts, and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The abundance of stimuli-responsive systems in the natural world only foreshadows the creative directions that will uncover the full potential of metal-photoswitch interactions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Johanna Haimerl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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15
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Lin YL, Zheng S, Chang CW, Lee MJ, Chen YF, Chen JT. Photoresponsive Single-Ion Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Competition of Host–Guest Interactions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jie Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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16
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Feng L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Controlling dynamics in extended molecular frameworks. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:705-725. [PMID: 37117491 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular machines are essential dynamic components for fuel production, cargo delivery, information storage and processing in living systems. Scientists have demonstrated that they can design and synthesize artificial molecular machines that operate efficiently in isolation - for example, at high dilution in solution - fuelled by chemicals, electricity or light. To organize the spatial arrangement and motion of these machines within close proximity to one another in solid frameworks, such that useful macroscopic work can be performed, remains a challenge in both chemical and materials science. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made during the past decade in organizing dynamic molecular entities in such solid frameworks. Emerging applications of these dynamic smart materials in the contexts of molecular recognition, optoelectronics, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and water desalination are highlighted. Finally, we review recent work on a new non-equilibrium adsorption phenomenon for which we have coined the term mechanisorption. The ability to use external energy to drive directional processes in mechanized extended frameworks augurs well for the future development of artificial molecular factories.
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17
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Yuan B, Gou G, Fan T, Liu M, Ma Y, Matsuda R, Li L. Delicate and Fast Photochemical Surface Modification of 2D Photoresponsive Organosilicon Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204568. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Gaozhang Gou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Tao Fan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryotaro Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Liangchun Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
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18
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Yuan B, Gou G, Fan T, Liu M, Ma Y, Matsuda R, Li L. Delicate and Fast Photochemical Surface Modification of 2D Photoresponsive Organosilicon Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Gaozhang Gou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Tao Fan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryotaro Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Liangchun Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
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19
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Rödl M, Reka A, Panic M, Fischereder A, Oberlechner M, Mairegger T, Kopacka H, Huppertz H, Hofer TS, Schwartz HA. Fundamental Study of the Optical and Vibrational Properties of Fx-AZB@MOF systems as Functions of Dye Substitution and the Loading Amount. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4295-4309. [PMID: 35344366 PMCID: PMC9009183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the switching efficiency of photoactive hybrid systems is an obligatory key prerequisite for systematically improving the design of functional materials. By modulating the degree of fluorination and the amount being embedded into porous hosts, the E/Z ratios of fluorinated azobenzenes were adjusted as both functions of substitution and the degree of loading. Octafluoroazobenzene (F8-AZB) and perfluoroazobenzene (F10-AZB) were inserted into porous DMOF-1. Especially for perfluoroazobenzene (F10-AZB), an immense stabilization of the E isomer was observed. In complementary molecular dynamics simulations performed at the DFTB (density functional tight binding) level, an in-depth characterization of the interactions of the different photoisomers and the host structure was carried out. On the basis of the resulting structural and energetic data, the experimentally observed increase in the amount of the Z conformer for F8-AZB can be explained, while the stabilization of E-F10-AZB can be directly related to a fundamentally different interaction motif compared to its tetra- and octafluorinated counterparts.
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20
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Bai E, Cao X, Wang J, Qi J, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yoon J. Future-Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches: From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108289. [PMID: 34866257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus-responsive materials. During the past few decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly-based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Enying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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21
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Martin CR, Park KC, Leith GA, Yu J, Mathur A, Wilson GR, Gange GB, Barth EL, Ly RT, Manley OM, Forrester KL, Karakalos SG, Smith MD, Makris TM, Vannucci AK, Peryshkov DV, Shustova NB. Stimuli-Modulated Metal Oxidation States in Photochromic MOFs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4457-4468. [PMID: 35138840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuning metal oxidation states in metal-organic framework (MOF) nodes by switching between two discrete linker photoisomers via an external stimulus was probed for the first time. On the examples of three novel photochromic copper-based frameworks, we demonstrated the capability of switching between +2 and +1 oxidation states, on demand. In addition to crystallographic methods used for material characterization, the role of the photochromic moieties for tuning the oxidation state was probed via conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. We confirmed the reversible photoswitching activity including photoisomerization rate determination of spiropyran- and diarylethene-containing linkers in extended frameworks, resulting in changes in metal oxidation states as a function of alternating excitation wavelengths. To elucidate the switching process between two states, the photoisomerization quantum yield of photochromic MOFs was determined for the first time. Overall, the introduced noninvasive concept of metal oxidation state modulation on the examples of stimuli-responsive MOFs foreshadows a new pathway for alternation of material properties toward targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Abhijai Mathur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gayathri B Gange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Emily L Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Richard T Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Olivia M Manley
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kelly L Forrester
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Stavros G Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thomas M Makris
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Aaron K Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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22
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Fan T, Li Z, Liu G, Fan C, Pu S. Zn-diarylethene organic framework for anticounterfeiting: Crystal structure, photochromism and fluorescence switch. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.122950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Chen Y, Qiu J, Zhang XG, Wang H, Yao W, Li Z, Xia Q, Zhu G, Wang J. A Visible Light/Heat Responsive Covalent Organic Framework for Highly Efficient and Switchable Proton Conductivity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5964-5972. [PMID: 35685812 PMCID: PMC9132063 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted enormous interest as a new generation of proton-exchange membranes, chemical sensors and electronic devices. However, to design high proton conductivity COFs,...
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Jikuan Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Qingchun Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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24
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Zhang S, Panda DK, Yadav A, Zhou W, Saha S. Effects of intervalence charge transfer interaction between π-stacked mixed valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands on the electrical conductivity of 3D metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13379-13391. [PMID: 34777756 PMCID: PMC8528024 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a molecular-level understanding of how the structures and compositions of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) influence their charge carrier concentration and charge transport mechanism—the two key parameters of electrical conductivity—is essential for the successful development of electrically conducting MOFs, which have recently emerged as one of the most coveted functional materials due to their diverse potential applications in advanced electronics and energy technologies. Herein, we have constructed four new alkali metal (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) frameworks based on an electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylate (TTFTC) ligand, which formed continuous π-stacks, albeit with different π–π-stacking and S⋯S distances (dπ–π and dS⋯S). These MOFs also contained different amounts of aerobically oxidized TTFTC˙+ radical cations that were quantified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that depending on the π–π-interaction and TTFTC˙+ population, these MOFs enjoyed varying degrees of TTFTC/TTFTC˙+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) interactions, which commensurately affected their electronic and optical band gaps and electrical conductivity. Having the shortest dπ–π (3.39 Å) and the largest initial TTFTC˙+ population (∼23%), the oxidized Na-MOF 1-ox displayed the narrowest band gap (1.33 eV) and the highest room temperature electrical conductivity (3.6 × 10−5 S cm−1), whereas owing to its longest dπ–π (3.68 Å) and a negligible TTFTC˙+ population, neutral Cs-MOF 4 exhibited the widest band gap (2.15 eV) and the lowest electrical conductivity (1.8 × 10−7 S cm−1). The freshly prepared but not optimally oxidized K-MOF 2 and Rb-MOF 3 initially displayed intermediate band gaps and conductivity, however, upon prolonged aerobic oxidation, which raised the TTFTC˙+ population to saturation levels (∼25 and 10%, respectively), the resulting 2-ox and 3-ox displayed much narrower band gaps (∼1.35 eV) and higher electrical conductivity (6.6 × 10−5 and 4.7 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively). The computational studies indicated that charge movement in these MOFs occurred predominantly through the π-stacked ligands, while the experimental results displayed the combined effects of π–π-interactions, TTFTC˙+ population, and TTFTC/TTFTC˙+ IVCT interaction on their electronic and optical properties, demonstrating that IVCT interactions between the mixed-valent ligands could be exploited as an effective design strategy to develop electrically conducting MOFs. Through-space charge movement enabled by intervalence charge transfer interactions between π-stacked mixed-valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands creates electrical conductivity in three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Dillip K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
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25
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Martin CR, Park KC, Corkill RE, Kittikhunnatham P, Leith GA, Mathur A, Abiodun SL, Greytak AB, Shustova NB. Photoresponsive frameworks: energy transfer in the spotlight. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:266-280. [PMID: 34212961 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, spiropyran-containing metal- and covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs, respectively) are probed as platforms for fostering photochromic behavior in solid-state materials, while simultaneously promoting directional energy transfer (ET). In particular, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between spiropyran and porphyrin derivatives integrated as linkers in the framework matrix is discussed. The photochromic spiropyran derivatives allow for control over material optoelectronic properties through alternation of excitation wavelengths. Photoinduced changes in the material electronic profile have also been probed through conductivity measurements. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies were employed to evaluate the effect of photochromic linkers on material photophysics. Furthermore, "forward" and "reverse" FRET processes occurring between two distinct chromophores were modeled, and the Förster critical radii and ET rates were estimated to support the experimentally observed changes in material photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Ryan E Corkill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Preecha Kittikhunnatham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Abhijai Mathur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Sakiru L Abiodun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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26
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Nath A, Asha KS, Mandal S. Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: Electronic Structure and Electrochemical Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:11482-11538. [PMID: 33857340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smarter and minimization of devices are consistently substantial to shape the energy landscape. Significant amounts of endeavours have come forward as promising steps to surmount this formidable challenge. It is undeniable that material scientists were contemplating smarter material beyond purely inorganic or organic materials. To our delight, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an inorganic-organic hybrid scaffold with unprecedented tunability and smart functionalities, have recently started their journey as an alternative. In this review, we focus on such propitious potential of MOFs that was untapped over a long time. We cover the synthetic strategies and (or) post-synthetic modifications towards the formation of conductive MOFs and their underlying concepts of charge transfer with structural aspects. We addressed theoretical calculations with the experimental outcomes and spectroelectrochemistry, which will trigger vigorous impetus about intrinsic electronic behaviour of the conductive frameworks. Finally, we discussed electrocatalysts and energy storage devices stemming from conductive MOFs to meet energy demand in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akashdeep Nath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - K S Asha
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts Science and Commerce, Bangaluru, 560054, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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27
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Kremer S, Ober I, Greussing V, Kopacka H, Gallmetzer HG, Trübenbacher B, Demmel D, Olthof S, Huppertz H, Schwartz HA. Modulating the Optical Characteristics of Spiropyran@Metal-Organic Framework Composites as a Function of Spiropyran Substitution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7834-7842. [PMID: 34143632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between the single components of hybrid systems is essential to drive the development of advanced functional materials. A prerequisite for this is the systematic variation of the building blocks of such compounds. Focusing on spiropyran@metal-organic framework (MOF) composite materials with noncovalently attached spiropyran dyes, both the host scaffold and the dye molecules can be systematically tuned. In this work, a broad substitution pattern was applied to systematically elucidate the characteristics of the resulting hybrid materials as a function of the supplemental substitution on spiropyran. The newly developed 12 composites exhibit substitution and host-dependent optical characteristics, which are particularly affected by the substitution of the 6'-position on the chromene ring. Through the favorable combination of the MOF host's polarity and an adequate strength of the spiropyran's indolinedonor-chromeneacceptor pair, reversible conversion between photoisomers is efficiently accomplished, especially for nitro-substituted spiropyrans inside MIL-68(In).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Kremer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Isabell Ober
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Victoria Greussing
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Hans G Gallmetzer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Benedikt Trübenbacher
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - David Demmel
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Selina Olthof
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Heidi A Schwartz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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28
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Nakajo T, Kumagai J, Kusaka S, Hori A, Hijikata Y, Pirillo J, Ma Y, Matsuda R. Triplet Carbene with Highly Enhanced Thermal Stability in the Nanospace of a Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8129-8136. [PMID: 34011147 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Triplet carbenes (TCs) are of great interest due to their magnetic properties and reactivity, which descend from TCs' unique electronic state. However, the reactivity and stability of TCs are usually a trade-off, and it is difficult to achieve both at the same time. In this work, we were able to enhance the thermal stability of a TC species while maintaining its reactivity by confining them in the nanospace of a metal-organic framework (MOF). We synthesized a new MOF using a TC precursor; subsequently, TCs were generated by photostimulation. The TCs generated in the MOF nanospace were detectable up to 170 K, whereas their non-MOF-confined counterparts (bare ligand) could not be detected above 100 K. In addition, the reactivity of TC generated in MOF with O2 was drastically improved compared to that of bare ligand. Our approach is generally applicable to the stabilization of highly reactive species, whose reactivity needs to be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Nakajo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Kumagai
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Division of Materials Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kusaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hori
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P. R. China
| | - Ryotaro Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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29
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Martin CR, Leith GA, Shustova NB. Beyond structural motifs: the frontier of actinide-containing metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7214-7230. [PMID: 34163816 PMCID: PMC8171348 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we feature recent advances in the field of actinide-containing metal-organic frameworks (An-MOFs) with a main focus on their electronic, catalytic, photophysical, and sorption properties. This discussion deviates from a strictly crystallographic analysis of An-MOFs, reported in several reviews, or synthesis of novel structural motifs, and instead delves into the remarkable potential of An-MOFs for evolving the nuclear waste administration sector. Currently, the An-MOF field is dominated by thorium- and uranium-containing structures, with only a few reports on transuranic frameworks. However, some of the reported properties in the field of An-MOFs foreshadow potential implementation of these materials and are the main focus of this report. Thus, this perspective intends to provide a glimpse into the challenges, triumphs, and future directions of An-MOFs in sectors ranging from the traditional realm of gas sorption and separation to recently emerging areas such as electronics and photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
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30
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Leith GA, Martin CR, Mayers JM, Kittikhunnatham P, Larsen RW, Shustova NB. Confinement-guided photophysics in MOFs, COFs, and cages. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4382-4410. [PMID: 33594994 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the dependence of the photophysical response of chromophores in the confined environments associated with crystalline scaffolds, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and molecular cages, has been carefully evaluated. Tunability of the framework aperture, cavity microenvironment, and scaffold topology significantly affects emission profiles, quantum yields, or fluorescence lifetimes of confined chromophores. In addition to the role of the host and its effect on the guest, the methods for integration of a chromophore (e.g., as a framework backbone, capping linker, ligand side group, or guest) are discussed. The overall potential of chromophore-integrated frameworks for a wide-range of applications, including artificial biomimetic systems, white-light emitting diodes, photoresponsive devices, and fluorescent sensors with unparalleled spatial resolution are highlighted throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, USA.
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31
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Martin CR, Leith GA, Kittikhunnatham P, Park KC, Ejegbavwo OA, Mathur A, Callahan CR, Desmond SL, Keener MR, Ahmed F, Pandey S, Smith MD, Phillpot SR, Greytak AB, Shustova NB. Heterometallic Actinide-Containing Photoresponsive Metal-Organic Frameworks: Dynamic and Static Tuning of Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8072-8080. [PMID: 33450129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring fundamental knowledge of properties of actinide-based materials is a necessary step to create new possibilities for addressing the current challenges in the nuclear energy and nuclear waste sectors. In this report, we established a photophysics-electronics correlation for actinide-containing metal-organic frameworks (An-MOFs) as a function of excitation wavelength, for the first time. A stepwise approach for dynamically modulating electronic properties was applied for the first time towards actinide-based heterometallic MOFs through integration of photochromic linkers. Optical cycling, modeling of density of states near the Fermi edge, conductivity measurements, and photoisomerization kinetics were employed to shed light on the process of tailoring optoelectronic properties of An-MOFs. Furthermore, the first photochromic MOF-based field-effect transistor, in which the field-effect response could be changed through light exposure, was constructed. As a demonstration, the change in current upon light exposure was sufficient to operate a two-LED fail-safe indicator circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Preecha Kittikhunnatham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Otega A Ejegbavwo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Abhijai Mathur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Cameron R Callahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Shelby L Desmond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Myles R Keener
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Fiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Shubham Pandey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Simon R Phillpot
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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32
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Martin CR, Leith GA, Kittikhunnatham P, Park KC, Ejegbavwo OA, Mathur A, Callahan CR, Desmond SL, Keener MR, Ahmed F, Pandey S, Smith MD, Phillpot SR, Greytak AB, Shustova NB. Heterometallic Actinide‐Containing Photoresponsive Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Dynamic and Static Tuning of Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey R. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Gabrielle A. Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | | | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Otega A. Ejegbavwo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Abhijai Mathur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Cameron R. Callahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Shelby L. Desmond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Myles R. Keener
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Fiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Shubham Pandey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Simon R. Phillpot
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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33
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Liu H, Wang Y, Qin Z, Liu D, Xu H, Dong H, Hu W. Electrically Conductive Coordination Polymers for Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1612-1630. [PMID: 33555195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive coordination polymers (generally known as metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) are a class of crystalline hybrid materials produced by the reasonable self-assembly of metal nodes and organic linkers. The unique and intriguing combination of inorganic and organic components endows coordination polymers with superior optical and electrical properties, which have recently aroused much attention in several electronic and optoelectronic technological applications. However, there are many challenging obstacles and issues that need to be addressed in this burgeoning field. In this Perspective, we first provide a fundamental understanding about the electronic design strategies that provide better guidance for realizing high conductivities and good mobilities in coordination polymers. We then examine the current established synthetic approaches to construct high-quality working samples of electrically conductive coordination polymers for device integration. This is followed by a discussion of the current state-of-the-art progress toward the preliminary achievements in (opto)electronic devices spanning chemiresistive sensors, field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics, photodetectors, etc. Finally, we conclude this Perspective with the existing hurdles and limitations in this area, along with the critical directions and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Chemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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34
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Nie H, Schauser NS, Self JL, Tabassum T, Oh S, Geng Z, Jones SD, Zayas MS, Reynolds VG, Chabinyc ML, Hawker CJ, Han S, Bates CM, Segalman RA, Read de Alaniz J. Light-Switchable and Self-Healable Polymer Electrolytes Based on Dynamic Diarylethene and Metal-Ion Coordination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1562-1569. [PMID: 33439016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing polymer electrolytes are reported with light-switchable conductivity based on dynamic N-donor ligand-containing diarylethene (DAE) and multivalent Ni2+ metal-ion coordination. Specifically, a polystyrene polymer grafted with poly(ethylene glycol-r-DAE)acrylate copolymer side chains was effectively cross-linked with nickel(II) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (Ni(TFSI)2) salts to form a dynamic network capable of self-healing with fast exchange kinetics under mild conditions. Furthermore, as a photoswitching compound, the DAE undergoes a reversible structural and electronic rearrangement that changes the binding strength of the DAE-Ni2+ complex under irradiation. This can be observed in the DAE-containing polymer electrolyte where irradiation with UV light triggers an increase in the resistance of solid films, which can be recovered with subsequent visible light irradiation. The increase in resistance under UV light irradiation indicates a decrease in ion mobility after photoswitching, which is consistent with the stronger binding strength of ring-closed DAE isomers with Ni2+. 1H-15N heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (HMBC NMR) spectroscopy, continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (cw EPR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the increase in binding strength between ring-closed DAE with metals. Rheological and in situ ion conductivity measurements show that these polymer electrolytes efficiently heal to recover their mechanical properties and ion conductivity after damage, illustrating potential applications in smart electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey L Self
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tarnuma Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Saejin Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Seamus D Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Manuel S Zayas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | | | - Craig J Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Christopher M Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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35
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Rödl M, Kerschbaumer S, Kopacka H, Blaser L, Purtscher FRS, Huppertz H, Hofer TS, Schwartz HA. Structural, dynamical, and photochemical properties of ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene inside a flexible MOF under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3917-3930. [PMID: 35424349 PMCID: PMC8694203 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10500g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering porous materials as host matrices is an elegant way to enable photoswitching of non-covalently attached organic dyes even in the solid state. By focusing on the resulting optical properties as a function of loading degree and synthesis procedure, the occurring host-guest and guest-guest interactions can be determined and further exploited. In the course of this study, the photochromic behavior of ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene (tF-AZB) inside flexible DMOF-1 was investigated from these points of view. It was found that depending on the loading degree and temperature, tF-AZB shows varying E/Z ratios and switching efficiency. For systems with low loading, reversible visible light induced isomerization was observed over ten switching cycles: Upon violet light exposure, formation of 100% E isomer was generated, while green light irradiation resulted in ∼60% Z-tF-AZB. Complementary molecular dynamics simulations at DFTB (density functional tight binding)-level revealed changing binding sites for Z-tF-AZB inside DMOF-1. For the E isomer, only low oscillations have been found, which in turn display a rare T-stacking interaction. Although the interaction strengths of the E and Z isomers with DMOF-1 are in the same range, the different mobility of both isomers due to varying binding sites explains the preference of the E isomer even upon green light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rödl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Samuel Kerschbaumer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Laura Blaser
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Felix R S Purtscher
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Heidi A Schwartz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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36
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Jiang Y, Heinke L. Photoswitchable Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films: From Spectroscopy to Remote-Controllable Membrane Separation and Switchable Conduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2-15. [PMID: 33347762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of functional materials from photoswitchable molecules where the molecular changes multiply to macroscopic effects presents a great challenge in material science. An attractive approach is the incorporation of the photoswitches in nanoporous, crystalline metal-organic frameworks, MOFs, often showing remote-controllable chemical and physical properties. Because of the short light-penetration depth, thin MOF films are particularly interesting, allowing the entire illumination of the material. In the present progress report, we review and discuss the status of photoswitchable MOF films. These films may serve as model systems for quantifying the isomer switching yield by infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy as well as for uptake experiments exploring the switching effects on the host-guest interaction, especially on guest adsorption and diffusion. In addition, the straightforward device integration facilitates various experiments. In this way, unique features were demonstrated, such as photoswitchable membrane separation with continuously tunable selectivity, light-switchable proton conductivity of the guests in the pores, and remote-controllable electronic conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Jiang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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37
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Danowski W, van Leeuwen T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive porous materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:24-40. [PMID: 36131866 PMCID: PMC9417539 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines, switches, and motors enable control over nanoscale molecular motion with unprecedented precision in artificial systems. Integration of these compounds into robust material scaffolds, in particular nanostructured solids, is a fabrication strategy for smart materials with unique properties that can be controlled with external stimuli. Here, we describe a subclass of these structures, namely light-responsive porous materials metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) appended with molecular photoswitches. In this review, we provide an overview of a broad range of light-responsive porous materials focusing on potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Leeuwen
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
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38
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Yadav A, Panda DK, Zhang S, Zhou W, Saha S. Electrically Conductive 3D Metal-Organic Framework Featuring π-Acidic Hexaazatriphenylene Hexacarbonitrile Ligands with Anion-π Interaction and Efficient Charge-Transport Capabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40613-40619. [PMID: 32786221 PMCID: PMC10938260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential to foster myriad advanced electronics and energy technologies, but they must possess adequate charge-carrier concentration and efficient charge-transport pathways in order to display useful electrical conductivity. A new intrinsically conducting 3D framework [Ag2(HATHCN)(CF3SO3)2]n was constructed by employing a highly π-acidic 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HATHCN) ligand, which assumed a paramagnetic HATHCN•- radical anion character by acquiring electron density from the TfO- anions involved in the anion-π interaction and facilitated charge movement along the staircase-like [-Ag+-HATHCN-]∞ chains having ample Ag4d+-N2p orbital overlap in the valence band region. As a result, the MOF displayed a narrow band gap (1.35 eV) and promising electrical conductivity (7.3 × 10-4 S/cm, 293 K) that ranked very high among those recorded for 3D MOFs. This work presents a new strategy to construct intrinsically conductive 3D frameworks by exploiting the dual metal coordination and anion-π interaction capabilities of a highly π-acidic HATHCN ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Dillip K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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39
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Sato H, Matsui T, Chen Z, Pirillo J, Hijikata Y, Aida T. Photochemically Crushable and Regenerative Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14069-14073. [PMID: 32787258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A photochemically crushable and regenerative metal-organic framework (DTEMOF) was developed by complexation of photochromic ligand PyDTEopen and 5-nitroisophthalate (nip2-) with Cd2+ in DMF/MeOH. DTEMOF ([Cd(nip)(PyDTEopen)(H2O)(DMF)2]n) was obtained as colorless crystals. Its crystal structure revealed that DTEMOF adopts a tubular structure with interlocked coordination networks and can accommodate guest molecules in its one-dimensional pores. When DTEMOF suspended in DMF/MeOH was exposed to UV light, its crystalline network, though thermally stable up to 260 °C, was readily crushed to afford a homogeneous blue-colored solution, via ring-closing isomerization of the constituent PyDTEopen ligand into PyDTEclosed. Upon successive exposure of this solution to visible light, colorless MOF crystals identical to those of DTEMOF were regenerated. Light-responsive DTEMOF enabled highly efficient on-demand guest release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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40
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Xiao YH, Gu ZG, Zhang J. Surface-coordinated metal-organic framework thin films (SURMOFs) for electrocatalytic applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12712-12730. [PMID: 32584342 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of highly efficient electrocatalysts are very important in energy storage and conversion. As a kind of inorganic organic hybrid material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as electrocatalysts in electrocatalytic reactions due to their structural diversities and fascinating functionalities. Particularly, MOF thin films are coordinated on substrate surfaces by a liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) layer by layer (LBL) growth method (called surface-coordinated MOF thin films, SURMOFs), and recently have been studied in various applications due to their precisely controlled thickness, preferred growth orientation and homogeneous surface. In this review, we will summarize the preparation and electrocatalysis of SURMOFs and their derived thin films (SURMOF-D). The SURMOF based thin films possess diverse topological structures and flexible properties, providing abundant catalytically active sites and fast charge transfer for efficient electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR), supercapacitors, tandem electrocatalysis and so on. The research challenges and problems of SURMOFs for electrocatalytic applications are also discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
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41
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Modulation of porosity in a solid material enabled by bulk photoisomerization of an overcrowded alkene. Nat Chem 2020; 12:595-602. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Danowski W, Castiglioni F, Sardjan AS, Krause S, Pfeifer L, Roke D, Comotti A, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Visible-Light-Driven Rotation of Molecular Motors in a Dual-Function Metal-Organic Framework Enabled by Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9048-9056. [PMID: 32324391 PMCID: PMC7232677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The visible-light-driven rotation of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor strut in a dual-function metal-organic framework (MOF) is reported. Two types of functional linkers, a palladium-porphyrin photosensitizer and a bispyridine-derived molecular motor, were used to construct the framework capable of harvesting low-energy green light to power the rotary motion. The molecular motor was introduced in the framework using the postsynthetic solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) method, and the structure of the material was confirmed by powder (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) diffraction. The large decrease in the phosphorescence lifetime and intensity of the porphyrin in the MOFs upon introduction of the molecular motor pillars confirms efficient triplet-to-triplet energy transfer between the porphyrin linkers and the molecular motor. Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy revealed that the visible light-driven rotation of the molecular motor proceeds in the solid state at rates similar to those observed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Castiglioni
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Andy S. Sardjan
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Krause
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Roke
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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43
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Gamonal A, Sun C, Mariano AL, Fernandez-Bartolome E, Guerrero-SanVicente E, Vlaisavljevich B, Castells-Gil J, Marti-Gastaldo C, Poloni R, Wannemacher R, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Sanchez Costa J. Divergent Adsorption-Dependent Luminescence of Amino-Functionalized Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Sensitive NO 2 Sensors. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3362-3368. [PMID: 32195588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel gas sensing mechanism exploiting lanthanide luminescence modulation upon NO2 adsorption is demonstrated here. Two isostructural lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used, including an amino group as the sensitive recognition center for NO2 molecules. The transfer of energy from the organic ligands to Ln is strongly dependent on the presence of NO2, resulting in an unprecedented photoluminescent sensing scheme. Thereby, NO2 exposition triggers either a reversible enhancement or a decrease in the luminescence intensity, depending on the lanthanide ion (Eu or Tb). Our experimental studies combined with density functional theory and complete active space self-consistent field calculations provide an understanding of the nature and effects of NO2 interactions within the MOFs and the signal transduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Gamonal
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Chen Sun
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - A Lorenzo Mariano
- SIMaP laboratory, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France
| | | | | | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Javier Castells-Gil
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Carlos Marti-Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Roberta Poloni
- SIMaP laboratory, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France
| | | | | | - Jose Sanchez Costa
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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44
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Walton IM, Cox JM, Myers SD, Benson CA, Mitchell TB, Bateman GS, Sylvester ED, Chen YS, Benedict JB. Determination of the dehydration pathway in a flexible metal-organic framework by dynamic in situ x-ray diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:034305. [PMID: 32637460 PMCID: PMC7316513 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding guest exchange processes in metal-organic frameworks is an important step toward the rational design of functional materials with tailor-made properties. The dehydration of the flexible metal-organic framework [Co(AIP)(bpy)0.5(H2O)]•2H2O was studied by novel in situ dynamic x-ray diffraction techniques. The complex mechanism of dehydration, along with the as-yet unreported metastable structures, was determined. The structural information obtained by the application of these techniques helps to elucidate the important guest-host interactions involved in shaping the structural landscape of the framework lattice and to highlight the importance of utilizing this technique in the characterization of functional framework materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Jordan M. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Shea D. Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Cassidy A. Benson
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Travis B. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Gage S. Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Eric D. Sylvester
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Center for Advance Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jason B. Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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45
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Haldar R, Heinke L, Wöll C. Advanced Photoresponsive Materials Using the Metal-Organic Framework Approach. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905227. [PMID: 31763731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When fabricating macroscopic devices exploiting the properties of organic chromophores, the corresponding molecules need to be condensed into a solid material. Since optical absorption properties are often strongly affected by interchromophore interactions, solids with a well-defined structure carry substantial advantages over amorphous materials. Here, the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based approach is presented. By appropriate functionalization, most organic chromophores can be converted to function as linkers, which can coordinate to metal or metal-oxo centers so as to yield stable, crystalline frameworks. Photoexcitations in such chromophore-based MOFs are surveyed, with a special emphasis on light-switchable MOFs from photochromic molecules. The conventional powder form of MOFs obtained using solvothermal approaches carries certain disadvantages for optical applications, such as limited efficiency resulting from absorption and light scattering caused by the (micrometer-sized) powder particles. How these problems can be avoided by using MOF thin films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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46
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Abstract
![]()
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
are intrinsically porous
extended solids formed by coordination bonding between organic ligands
and metal ions or clusters. High electrical conductivity is rare in
MOFs, yet it allows for diverse applications in electrocatalysis,
charge storage, and chemiresistive sensing, among others. In this
Review, we discuss the efforts undertaken so far to achieve efficient
charge transport in MOFs. We focus on four common strategies that
have been harnessed toward high conductivities. In the “through-bond”
approach, continuous chains of coordination bonds between the metal
centers and ligands’ functional groups create charge transport
pathways. In the “extended conjugation” approach, the
metals and entire ligands form large delocalized systems. The “through-space”
approach harnesses the π–π stacking interactions
between organic moieties. The “guest-promoted” approach
utilizes the inherent porosity of MOFs and host–guest interactions.
Studies utilizing less defined transport pathways are also evaluated.
For each approach, we give a systematic overview of the structures
and transport properties of relevant materials. We consider the benefits
and limitations of strategies developed thus far and provide an overview
of outstanding challenges in conductive MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia S Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Grigorii Skorupskii
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Nie H, Schauser NS, Dolinski ND, Hu J, Hawker CJ, Segalman RA, Read de Alaniz J. Light-Controllable Ionic Conductivity in a Polymeric Ionic Liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5123-5128. [PMID: 31925869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) have attracted considerable attention as electrolytes with high stability and mechanical durability. Light-responsive materials are enabling for a variety of future technologies owing to their remote and noninvasive manipulation, spatiotemporal control, and low environmental impact. To address this potential, responsive PIL materials based on diarylethene units were designed to undergo light-mediated conductivity changes. Key to this modulation is tuning of the cationic character of the imidazolium bridging unit upon photoswitching. Irradiation of these materials with UV light triggers a circa 70 % drop in conductivity in the solid state that can be recovered upon subsequent irradiation with visible light. This light-responsive ionic conductivity enables spatiotemporal and reversible patterning of PIL films using light. This modulation of ionic conductivity allows for the development of light-controlled electrical circuits and wearable photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Nicole S Schauser
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Neil D Dolinski
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jerry Hu
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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Nie H, Schauser NS, Dolinski ND, Hu J, Hawker CJ, Segalman RA, Read de Alaniz J. Light‐Controllable Ionic Conductivity in a Polymeric Ionic Liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Nicole S. Schauser
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Jerry Hu
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California–Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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Supramolecular assembly of a 2D coordination polymer bearing pyridine-N-oxide-2,5-dicarboxylic acid and copper ion: X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schwartz HA, Werker M, Tobeck C, Christoffels R, Schaniel D, Olthof S, Meerholz K, Kopacka H, Huppertz H, Ruschewitz U. Novel Photoactive Spirooxazine Based Switch@MOF Composite Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Schwartz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Melanie Werker
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Christian Tobeck
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Ronja Christoffels
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Dominik Schaniel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2 Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
| | - Selina Olthof
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 4–6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 4–6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
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