1
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Yang Y, Su W, Wang H, Bao X, Liu X, Bo Z, Zhang W. Promotion of Fast and Efficient Singlet Fission Process of PDI Dimers by Selenium Substitution. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39007639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a triplet generation mechanism capable of turning a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons. It has the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of single-junction solar cells. Perylene diimides (PDIs) are a class of dye molecules with photovoltaic properties and are beginning to receive more and more attention due to their potential for SF. Here, we report a selenium-substituted PDI dimer, Se-PDI-II, and we studied its SF mechanism by using steady-state, transient absorption, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Compared with the unsubstituted dimer PDI-II, we found that the introduction of selenium atoms can suppress excimer emission during the SF process, showing much higher SF efficiency and triplet yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenli Su
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaotian Bao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Mazumder A, Vinod K, Maret PD, Das PP, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Mediated Triplet Population in a Perylenediimide Trimer at the Single-Molecule Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5896-5904. [PMID: 38805687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate triplet excited-state population in a conformationally rigid perylenediimide trimer (PDI-T) via intramolecular symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) at the single-molecule level. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of PDI-T in nonpolar polystyrene matrix (ε = 2.60) exhibit prolonged fluorescence with infrequent dark states, representing the triplet and/or the charge transfer states. In contrast, in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix (ε = 7.80), erratic blinking dynamics resulting in low photon counts were observed, corroborating the feasibility of charge separation in a polar environment. In agreement with the single-molecule measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy of PDI-T reveals ultrafast SB-CS (τCS < 5 ps) in polar tetrahydrofuran (ε = 7.58) and acetone (ε = 20.70), with the population of the triplet excited-state through charge recombination. The current investigation shows the utility of rigid and weakly coupled molecular constructs in controlling triplet generation and SB-CS for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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3
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Roy R, Chawla S, Sharma V, Pal AK, Silori Y, Datta A, De AK, Koner AL. Ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge separation in Perylenemonoimide-embedded multichromophores: impact of regioisomerism. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6363-6377. [PMID: 38699268 PMCID: PMC11062123 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) has recently evolved as an emerging concept offering its potential to the latest generation of organic photovoltaics. However there are several concerns that need to be addressed to reach the state-of-the-art in SB-CS chemistry, for instance, the desirable molecular geometry, interchromophoric distance and extent of electronic coupling. To shed light on those features, it is reported herein, that ortho-functionalized perylene monoimide (PMI) constituted regioisomeric dimer and trimer derivatives with varied molecular twisting and electronic conjugation have been synthesized. In steady-state photophysical studies, all the dimers and trimer derivatives exhibit a larger bathochromic shift in the emission spectra and a significant reduction of fluorescence quantum yield in polar DMF. Among the series of multichromophores, ortho- and self-coupled dimers display the strikingly different optical feature of SB-CS with a very fast charge separation rate (τCS = 80.2 ps) upon photoexcitation in DMF, which is unveiled by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) studies. The SB-CS for two dimers is well-supported by the formation of PMI˙+ and PMI˙- bands in the fs-TA spectra. Further analysis of fs-TA data revealed that, among the other multichromophores the trimer also exhibits a clear charge separation, whereas SB-CS signatures are less prominent, but can not be completely disregarded, for the meta- and para-dimers. Additionally, the charge separation dynamics of those above-mentioned PMI derivatives are devoid of a kinetically favorable excimer or triplet formation. The evidence of a profound charge transfer phenomenon in the ortho-dimer is characterized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on excited state electronic structures. The excitonic communications in the excited state electronic arrangements unravel the key role of dihedral twisting in SB-CS. The thermodynamic feasibility of CS (ΔGCS) and activation barrier (ΔG≠) of the derivatives in DMF are established from the Rehm-Weller equation and Marcus's theory, respectively. This work is an in-depth study of the effect of mutual orientation of PMIs and regioisomerism in determining sustainable guidelines for using SB-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Yogita Silori
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Arijit K De
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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4
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Yan H, Peng Y, Huang Y, Shen M, Wei X, Zou W, Tong Q, Zhou N, Xu J, Zhang Y, Ye YX, Ouyang G. Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide by Modulating Side Chains to Facilitate Water Oxidation at Low-Energy Barrier Sites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311535. [PMID: 38278520 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial oxidant in advanced oxidation processes. In situ, photosynthesis of it in natural water holds the promise of practical application for water remediation. However, current photosynthesis of H2O2 systems primarily relies on oxygen reduction, leading to limited performance in natural water with low dissolved oxygen or anaerobic conditions found in polluted water. Herein, a novel photocatalyst based on conjugated polymers with alternating electron donor-acceptor structures and electron-withdrawing side chains on electron donors is introduced. Specifically, carbazole functions as the electron donor, triazine serves as the electron acceptor, and cyano acts as the electron-withdrawing side chain. Notably, the photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion of 0.64%, the highest reported in natural water. Furthermore, even in anaerobic conditions, it achieves an impressive H2O2 photosynthetic efficiency of 1365 µmol g-1 h-1, surpassing all the reported photosynthetic systems of H2O2. This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective relocation of the water oxidation active site from a high-energy carbazole to a low-energy acetylene site mediated by the side chains, resulting in enhanced O2 or H2O2 generation from water. This breakthrough offers a new avenue for efficient water remediation using advanced oxidation technologies in oxygen-limited environments, holding significant implications for environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Minhui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weixin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Center of Modern Analysis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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5
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Thakur K, Datta S, Blom PWM, Chaudhuri D, Ramanan C. Competitive Charge Separation Pathways in a Flexible Molecular Folda-Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1760-1770. [PMID: 38340068 PMCID: PMC10895663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We report the photophysical properties of a molecular folda-dimer system PDI-AnEt2-PDI, where the electron-donating N,N-diethylaniline (AnEt2) moiety bridges two electron-accepting perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores. The conformationally flexible PDI-AnEt2-PDI adopts either an open (two PDIs far apart) or folded (two PDIs within π-stacking distance) conformation, depending on the solvent environment. We characterized the photoinduced charge separation dynamics of both open and folded forms in solvents of varying polarity. The open form undergoes charge separation to give PDI•--AnEt2•+-PDI (Bridge electron transfer) independent of solvent polarity. The folded form exhibits two charge separation photoproducts, yielding both PDI•--AnEt2•+-PDI and PDI•--AnEt2-PDI•+, the latter of which is formed via symmetry-breaking charge separation (SBCS) between the two π-stacked PDI chromophores. Our results further indicate that the conformational flexibility of the folda-dimer leads to unexpected excimer formation in some open form conditions. In contrast, no excimer formation is observed in the folded form, indicating that this geometry preferentially yields the SBCS instead. Our results provide insight into how conformationally flexible folda-dimer systems can be designed and built to tune competitive photophysical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Thakur
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Zhou L, Feng RR, Zhang W, Gai F. Triple-Bond Vibrations: Emerging Applications in Energy and Biological Sciences. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:187-200. [PMID: 38156972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triple bonds, such as that formed between two carbon atoms (i.e., C≡C) or that formed between one carbon atom and one nitrogen atom (i.e., C≡N), afford unique chemical bonding and hence vibrational characteristics. As such, they are not only frequently used to construct molecules with tailored chemical and/or physical properties but also employed as vibrational probes to provide site-specific chemical and/or physical information at the molecular level. Herein, we offer our perspective on the emerging applications of various triple-bond vibrations in energy and biological sciences with a focus on C≡C and C≡N triple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ran-Ran Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Gai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Wu X, Hu B, Li D, Chen B, Huang Y, Xie Z, Li L, Shen N, Yang F, Shi W, Chen M, Zhu Y. Polymer Photocatalysts Containing Segregated π-Conjugation Units with Electron-Trap Activity for Efficient Natural-light-driven Bacterial Inactivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313787. [PMID: 37843427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of highly efficient and metal-free photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation under natural light is a major challenge in photocatalytic antibiosis. Herein, we developed an acidizing solvent-thermal approach for inserting a non-conjugated ethylenediamine segment into the conjugated planes of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride to generate a photocatalyst containing segregated π-conjugation units (EDA-PTCDA). Under natural light, EDA-PTCDA achieved 99.9 % inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (60 and 45 min), which is the highest efficiency among all the natural light antibacterial reports. The difference in the surface potential and excited charge density corroborated the possibility of a built-in electron-trap effect of the non-conjugated segments of EDA-PTCDA, thus forming a highly active EDA-PTDA/bacteria interface. In addition, EDA-PTCDA exhibited negligible toxicity and damage to normal tissue cells. This catalyst provides a new opportunity for photocatalytic antibiosis under natural light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bochen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Di Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Biyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuanyong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhongkai Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Longhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Nanjun Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Fuchen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Weidong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Zhao X, He S, Wang J, Ding J, Zong S, Li G, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Near-Infrared Self-Assembled Hydroxyl Radical Generator Based on Photoinduced Cascade Electron Transfer for Hypoxic Tumor Phototherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305163. [PMID: 37545041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is an extremely potent reactive oxygen species that plays a crucial role in photooxidations within the realm of hypoxic tumor therapy. However, the current methods for •OH photogeneration typically rely on inorganic materials that require UV/vis light excitation. Consequently, photogenerators based on organic molecules, especially those utilizing near-infrared (NIR) light excitation, are rare. In this study, the concept of photoinduced cascade charge transfer (PICET), which utilizes NIR heavy-atom-free photosensitizers (ANOR-Cy5) to generate •OH is introduced. The ANOR-Cy5 photosensitizer, with its flexible hydrophobic structure, enables the formation of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions through molecular assembly. PICET involves a symmetry-breaking charge separation-induced localized charge-separated state, transitioning to a delocalized charge-separated state, which governs the efficiency of •OH generation. Thanks to the oxygen-independent nature of •OH generation and its robust oxidative properties, the ANOR-Cy5-based photosensitizer demonstrates highly effective photoinduced anti-cancer effects, even under severely hypoxic conditions. This discovery emphasizes the potential for achieving •OH photogeneration using a single organic molecule through the engineering of molecular self-assembly, thereby opening up new possibilities for phototherapy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shenglin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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9
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Kimura R, Yoneda Y, Kuramochi H, Saito S. Environment-sensitive fluorescence of COT-fused perylene bisimide based on symmetry-breaking charge separation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2541-2552. [PMID: 37656334 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and aromatic photofunctional system (FLAP) is composed of flapping rigid aromatic wings fused with a flexible 8π ring at the center such as cyclooctatetraene (COT). A series of FLAP have been actively studied for the interesting dynamic behaviors. Here, we synthesized a new flapping molecule bearing naphtho-perylenebisimide wings (NPBI-FLAP), in which two perylene units are arranged side by side. As a reference compound, we also prepared COT-fused NPBI (NPBI-COT) that contains only single perylene unit. In both compounds, inherent strong fluorescence of the NPBI moiety is almost quenched and the FL lifetime becomes much shortened in highly polar solvents (acetone and DMF). Through the analyses of environment-sensitive fluorescence, electrochemical reduction/oxidation, and femtosecond transient absorption, the fluorescence quenching behavior was attributed to rapid symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) for NPBI-FLAP and to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) for NPBI-COT. Most of the excited species of these compounds decay with the bent geometry, which is in contrast with the excited-state planarization behavior of a previously reported COT-fused peryleneimides with the double-headed arrangement of the perylene moieties. These results indicate that changing the fusion manners between COT and other π skeletons offers new functional molecules with distinct dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kuramochi
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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10
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Li J, Yang S, Deng Z, Islam A, Wu S, He J, Ni S, Dang L, Li MD. Uncovering the substituted-position effect on excited-state evolution of benzophenone-phenothiazine dyads. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144502. [PMID: 37818997 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photofunctional materials based on donor-acceptor molecules have drawn intense attention due to their unique optical properties. Importantly, Systematic investigation of substitution effects on excited-state charge transfer dynamics of donor-acceptor molecules is a powerful approach for identifying application-relevant design principles. Here, by coupling phenothiazine (PTZ) at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of the benzene ring of benzophenone (BP), three regioisomeric BP-PTZ dyads were designed to understand the relationship between substituted positions and excited-state evolution channels. Ultrafast transient absorption is used to detect and trace the transient species and related evolution channels of BP-PTZ dyads at excited state. In a non-polar solvent, BP-o-PTZ undergoes the through-space charge transfer process to produce a singlet charge-transfer (1CT) state, which subsequently proceeds the intersystem crossing process and transforms into a triplet charge-transfer (3CT) state; BP-m-PTZ experiences intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process to generate the 1CT state, which subsequently transforms into the 3CT state by the intersystem crossing (ISC) and finally converts into the local-excited triplet (3LE) state; as for BP-p-PTZ, only 3LE states can be detected after the ISC process from the 1CT state. On the other hand, the twisted ICT states are generated via twisted motion between the donor and acceptor for all BP-PTZ dyads or planarization of the PTZ unit in high polar solvents. The excited-state theoretical calculations unveil that the features of ICT and intramolecular interaction between the three dyads play a decisive role in determining the through-bond charge transfer and through-space charge transfer processes. Also, these results demonstrate that the excited-state evolution channels of PTZ derivatives could be modified by tuning the substituted positions of the donor-acceptor dyads. This study provides a deep perspective for the substitute-position effect on donor-acceptor-type PTZ derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Sirui Yang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Islam
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
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11
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Guo Y, Feng M, Kuang Z, Abeywickrama CS, Pang Y, Xia A. Unveiling Solvation Dynamics of Excited and Ground States via Ultrafast Pump-Dump-Probe Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7764-7771. [PMID: 37656037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The conventional ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy has primarily focused on examining the formation and decay of the excited state intermediates, but it is very difficult to detect those intermediates while the formation is slow and dissipation is much fast because of the limited concentration during the intrinsic photocycle. To address this issue, a multipulse ultrafast pump-dump-probe spectroscopy was employed to generate and probe the short-lived ground state intermediates (GSIs) in an electronic push-pull pyrene derivative (EPP). This particular derivative undergoes planarized intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) in the excited state upon initial femtosecond pulse excitation. After applying the dump pulse once the PICT was formed, the blue-shifted transient absorption GSIs with the ground state dynamics of the structure recovery was directly observed. It is found that GSIs undergo slower reorganization than the PICT formation in the excited state of EPP due to the solvation effect with different dipole moments of ground states and excited states. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the full photocycle dynamics of both the ground and excited states, shedding light on the presence of hidden ground state behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Andong Xia
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang M, Johnson CE, Ilic A, Schwarz J, Johansson MB, Lomoth R. High-Efficiency Photoinduced Charge Separation in Fe(III)carbene Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19171-19176. [PMID: 37616472 PMCID: PMC10485928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation in molecular materials has attracted increasing attention for optoelectronics based on single-material active layers. To this end, Fe(III) complexes with particularly electron-donating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands offer interesting properties with a 2LMCT excited state capable of oxidizing or reducing the complex in its ground state. In this Communication, we show that the corresponding symmetry-breaking charge separation occurs in amorphous films of pristine [Fe(III)L2]PF6 (L = [phenyl(tris(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene))borate]-). Excitation of the solid material with visible light leads to ultrafast electron transfer quenching of the 2LMCT excited state, generating Fe(II) and Fe(IV) products with high efficiency. Sub-picosecond charge separation followed by recombination in about 1 ns could be monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy. Photoconductivity measurements of films deposited on microelectrode arrays demonstrated that photogenerated charge carriers can be collected at external contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine E. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Ilic
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin B. Johansson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Peng S, Shao G, Wang K, Chen X, Xu J, Wang H, Wu D, Xia J. Efficient Energy Transfer in a Rylene Imide-Based Heterodimer: The Role of Intramolecular Electronic Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3249-3257. [PMID: 36975134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of antenna molecules with simplified structures can effectively avoid the complex exciton dynamics resulting from conformational mobility. Two distinct heterodimers TP and TBP comprising a perylenediimide (PDI) donor and terrylenediimide (TDI) acting as an energy sink were investigated. Tuned by varying functionalization positions, the bay-to-bay-linked TP offers a strong chromophore coupling, while the bay-to-N-linked TBP exhibits a weak chromophore coupling. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that TP underwent ultrafast vibrational relaxation (τVR < 400 fs) from upper vibrational energy levels of the singlet states after pumping at 490 nm, and followed by electron transfer (ET, τET = 2.5 ps) from TDI to PDI. TBP exhibited ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET, τEET = 0.48 ± 0.1 ps) from the excited PDI donor to TDI acceptor, and the subsequent charge transfer (CT) process was almost quenched. This result provides insight into designing novel small molecules capable of efficient energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Wang
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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14
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Su P, Ran G, Wang H, Yue J, Kong Q, Bo Z, Zhang W. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interaction Switching in the Aggregates of Perylene Diimide Trimer: Effect of Hydrophobicity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073003. [PMID: 37049767 PMCID: PMC10095916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on perylene diimide (PDI) aggregates effectively promotes their applications in organic photovoltaic solar cells and fluorescent sensors. In this paper, a PDI fabricated with three peripheral PDI units (N, N’-bis(6-undecyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide)) is investigated. The trimer shows different absorption and fluorescence properties due to hydrophobicity when dissolved in the mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. Through comprehensive analysis of the fluorescence lifetime and transient absorption spectroscopic results, we concluded that the trimer underwent different excited state kinetic pathways with different concentrations of water in THF. When dissolved in pure THF solvent, both the intramolecular charge-transfer and excimer states are formed. When the water concentration increases from 0 to 50% (v/v), the formation time of the excimer state and its structural relaxation time are prolonged, illustrating the arising of the intermolecular excimer state. It is interesting to determine that the probability of the intramolecular charge-transfer pathway will first decrease and then increase as the speed of intermolecular excimer formation slows down. The two inflection points appear when the water concentration is above 10% and 40%. The results not only highlight the importance of hydrophobicity on the aggregate properties of PDI multimers but also guide the further design of PDI-based organic photovoltaic solar cells.
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15
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Qin C, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Song J, Jiao Z, Ma S, Qin R, Jiang Y. Direct Observation of Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of a Mixed Excimer State in Perylene Monoimide Dimer by Femtosecond Transient Absorption. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2455-2462. [PMID: 36867121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A J-type dimer PMI-2, two perylene monoimides linked by butadiynylene bridger was prepared, and its excited-state dynamics was studied using ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, along with steady-state spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. It is evidently demonstrated that the symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) process in PMI-2 is positively mediated by an excimer, which is mixed by localized Frenkel excitation (LE) and an interunit charge transfer (CT) state. Kinetic studies show that, with the polarity increasing of the solvent, the transformation of excimer from a mixture to the CT state (SB-CS) is accelerated, and the recombination time of the CT state is reduced obviously. Theoretical calculations indicate that these are due to PMI-2 obtaining more negative free energy (ΔGcs) and lower CT state energy levels in highly polar solvents. Our work suggests that the mixed excimer can be formed in a J-type dimer with suitable structure, in which the charge separation the process is sensitive to the solvent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qiaoling Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jian Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zhaoyong Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, and School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ruiping Qin
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Design and Recycle for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials & Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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16
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Wang C, Wu B, Li Y, Dong T, Chai Y, Zhang Y, Wang C. Regioisomeric Benzidine-Fullerenes: Tuning of the Diverse Hole-Distribution to Influence Charge Separation Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300377. [PMID: 36790824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of molecular structure on charge distribution and charge separation (CS) provides essential guidance for optoelectronic materials design. Here we propose a regioisomeric strategy to tune the diverse hole-distribution, and probe the influence on CS patterns. Para-, meta- and ortho-substituted benzidine-fullerene, named 1 p, 1 m and 1 o are designed. Following CS, hole-delocalization occurs in 1 p, while hole-localization exists in 1 m and 1 o. The rates of charge separation (4.02×1011 s-1 ) and recombination (9.8×109 s-1 ) of 1 p is about 20 and 12 times faster than 1 m and 1 o, indicating that para-determined delocalization promotes ultrafast CS, while meta- and ortho-generated localization contributes to long-lived CS states. Computational analysis further implies that localization results from the destruction of electronic conjugation for 1 m, and limitation of conformational relaxation for 1 o. Given that the universality and simplicity of regional isomerism, this work opens up new thoughts for molecular design with tunable charge separation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No.2, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R.China
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No.2, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R.China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), No.10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Tianyang Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No.2, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xuefu Middle Road No.2 Weiyang District, Xi'an city, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yongqiang Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No.2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No.2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No.2, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R.China
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17
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Pratihar S, Prasad E. Effect of positional isomerism on the excited state charge transfer dynamics of anthracene-based D-π-A systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5226-5236. [PMID: 36723193 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the back electron transfer (BET) rate of ion pairs from the electronically excited state of donor-acceptor systems is crucial for developing materials for organic electronics. The structure-property relationships in the organic molecular architectures play a key role in controlling the BET rate and have been utilized as a criterion to design systems with a reduced BET rate. Here, we examine the influence of isomerism on the BET rate in anthracene based systems, viz., (E)-2-(2-(anthracen-9-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile (ortho-CN) and (E)-3-(2-(anthracen-9-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile (meta-CN) with N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) in methylcyclohexane using time-resolved spectroscopy. The radical cation (DEA˙+) and the radical anion (ortho-CN˙- or meta-CN˙-) generated after photoexcitation show synchronous decay kinetics, and the rate constant of back electron transfer (kBET) for the DEA/ortho-CN pair was 6.6 × 104 s-1, which is ca. 2 orders of magnitude lower compared with the DEA/meta-CN pair. The role of isomerism in providing resonance stabilization for the organic radicals is expected to have implications for strategies that retard charge recombination in photovoltaics. The role of the molecular structural features that dictate the kinetics for charge recombination has been further identified using quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatilekha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Wang Z, Liu T, Peng H, Fang Y. Advances in Molecular Design and Photophysical Engineering of Perylene Bisimide-Containing Polyads and Multichromophores for Film-Based Fluorescent Sensors. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:828-837. [PMID: 36692385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Film-based fluorescent sensors (FFSs) represent an important chemistry technology for meeting the urgent needs of on-site and real-time analysis, thereby enabling significant applications in environmental and health monitoring. As the core of FFSs, innovative design of sensing fluorophores and their intrinsic excited-state-related response nature endow FFSs with superior sensing performances in an endless expansion. In this Perspective, we specifically focus on perylene bisimide (PBI)-containing polyads and multichromophores with rigid configuration and notable photochemical stability for developing high-performance FFSs. These nonplanar structures mitigate aggregation and create abundant gaps for the sake of mass transfer and availability of the sensing units in the adlayer of the sensing films. We also comprehensively discuss how to adjust electronic coupling governing the excited-state events by appropriate functionalization strategies, thus providing a plethora of valuable insights for the exploration of the structure-property relationships in these orchestrated molecular systems. Throughout this Perspective, we also identify opportunities for FFSs in the future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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19
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Deng H, Guo Z, Wang Y, Li K, Zhou Q, Ge C, Xu Z, Sato S, Ma X, Sun Z. Modular synthesis, host-guest complexation and solvation-controlled relaxation of nanohoops with donor-acceptor structures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14080-14089. [PMID: 36540830 PMCID: PMC9728570 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanohoops with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures are attractive electronic materials and biological fluorophores, but their synthesis is usually challenging. Moreover, the preparation of D-A nanohoop fluorophores exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields beyond 500 nm remains a key challenge. This study presents a modular synthetic approach based on an efficient metal-free cyclocondensation reaction that readily produced nine congeners with D-A or donor-acceptor-donor' (D-A-D') structures, one of which is water-soluble. The tailored molecular design of nanohoops enabled a systematic and detailed study of their host-guest complexation with fullerene, optical properties, and charge transfer (CT) dynamics using X-ray crystallography, fluorescence titration, steady and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The findings revealed intriguing physical properties associated with D-A motifs, such as tight binding with fullerene, moderate fluorescence quantum yields (37-67%) beyond 540 nm, and unique solvation-controlled CT relaxation of D-A-D' nanohoops, where two CT states (D-A and A-D') can be effectively tuned by solvation, resulting in dramatically changed relaxation pathways in different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chang Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Integrated Molecular Structure Analysis Laboratory, Social Cooperation Program, The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300072 China
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20
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Parida S, Patra SK, Mishra S. Self-Assembling Behaviour of Perylene, Perylene Diimide, and Thionated Perylene Diimide Deciphered through Non-Covalent Interactions. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200361. [PMID: 35881033 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The π-conjugated supramolecular polymers (SMP) have gained vast popularity in materials chemistry and biomedicine due to their spectacular self-assembling behaviour. A detailed account of the electronic structure and bonding through quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules, non-covalent interactions, and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) in the oligomers of perylene, perylene diimide (PDI), and thionated-PDI (t-PDI) is presented. The oligomers of all three molecules show a slip angle of θ≈62° thus forming H-aggregates. The stacking pattern in perylene oligomers prefers a slip-stacked brick-layer order, while the bulkier PDI and t-PDI prefer a parallel step-wise pattern in their oligomers. Successive addition of monomers leads to a consequent rise in the association energy, although to a much greater extent in PDI and t-PDI than in perylene. While the major contribution to this association energy comes from the dispersion interactions in all three systems, the steric interactions in t-PDI quench the cooperativity in its SMP formation. A detailed analysis of the non-covalent interactions reveals the presence of π-π, π-hole⋅⋅⋅O=C, and π-hole⋅⋅⋅S=C electrostatic interactions playing a crucial role in the self-assembly process, which can be further implemented on developing force field-based methods for understanding the self-assembling mechanism in higher degree of oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharag-pur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjib K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharag-pur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharag-pur, 721302, West Bengal, India
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21
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Influence of core-twisted structure on singlet fission in perylenediimide film. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Liu Z, Liu Z, Wang R, Zhang ZG, Wang J, Zhang C. Intersystem Crossing in Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Type Organic Photovoltaic Molecules Promoted by Symmetry Breaking in Polar Environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10305-10311. [PMID: 36305820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular electron push-pulling effect has been widely applied to manipulate the excited states in organic photovoltaic (OPV) molecules toward efficient photocurrent generation in working devices with bias fields. However, the effect of field induced polar environments on the excited-state dynamics remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the polar environment effect on excited dynamics in acceptor-donor-acceptor type OPV molecules dissolved in solvents with different polarities. By combining ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical computation, we observe the stabilization of excited states induced by symmetry breaking in the polar solvent in the molecules exhibiting strong electron push-pulling effects. The stabilized excited states undergo faster intersystem crossing processes with reduced singlet-triplet energy gaps. The findings suggest that the dynamics of charge generation and recombination may be controlled by manipulating the polar environment and electron push-pulling effect to improve the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
| | - Zhixing Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing211106, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
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23
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Sebastian E, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Excimer evolution hampers symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10824-10835. [PMID: 36320683 PMCID: PMC9491171 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-lived symmetry-broken charge-separated states in chromophoric assemblies is quintessential for enhanced performance of artificial photosynthetic mimics. However, the occurrence of energy trap states hinders exciton and charge transport across photovoltaic devices, diminishing power conversion efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate unprecedented excimer formation in the relaxed excited-state geometry of bichromophoric systems impeding the lifetime of symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Core-annulated perylenediimide dimers (SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2) prefer a near-orthogonal arrangement in the ground state and a π-stacked foldamer structure in the excited state. The prospect of an excimer-like state in the foldameric arrangement of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 has been rationalized by fragment-based excited state analysis and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Effective electronic coupling matrix elements in the Franck-Condon geometry of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 facilitate solvation-assisted ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge-separation (SB-CS) in a high dielectric environment, in contrast to unrelaxed excimer formation (Ex*) in a low dielectric environment. Subsequently, the SB-CS state dissociates into an undesired relaxed excimer state (Ex) due to configuration mixing of a Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge-separated state in the foldamer structure, downgrading the efficacy of the charge-separated state. The decay rate constant of the FE to SB-CS (k FE→SB-CS) in polar solvents is 8-17 fold faster than that of direct Ex* formation (k FE→Ex*) in non-polar solvent (k FE→SB-CS≫k FE→Ex*), characterized by femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectroscopy. The present investigation establishes the impact of detrimental excimer formation on the persistence of the SB-CS state in chromophoric dimers and offers the requisite of conformational rigidity as one of the potential design principles for developing advanced molecular photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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24
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Water-Soluble Single-Benzene Chromophores: Excited State Dynamics and Fluorescence Detection. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175522. [PMID: 36080287 PMCID: PMC9457774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two water-soluble single-benzene-based chromophores, 2,5-di(azetidine-1-yl)-tereph- thalic acid (DAPA) and its disodium carboxylate (DAP-Na), were conveniently obtained. Both chromophores preserved moderate quantum yields in a wide range of polar and protonic solvents. Spectroscopic studies demonstrated that DAPA exhibited red luminescence as well as large Stokes shift (>200 nm) in aqueous solutions. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra illustrated quadrupolar DAPA usually involved the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer state. Its Frank−Condon state could be rapidly relaxed to a slight symmetry-breaking state upon light excitation following the solvent relaxation, then the slight charge separation may occur and the charge localization became partially asymmetrical in polar environments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results were supported well with the experimental measurements. Unique pH-dependent fluorescent properties endows the two chromophores with rapid, highly selective, and sensitive responses to the amino acids in aqueous media. In detail, DAPA served as a fluorescence turn-on probe with a detection limit (DL) of 0.50 μM for Arg and with that of 0.41 μM for Lys. In contrast, DAP-Na featured bright green luminescence and showed fluorescence turn-off responses to Asp and Glu with the DLs of 0.12 μM and 0.16 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, these two simple-structure probes exhibited strong anti-interference ability towards other natural amino acids and realized visual identification of specific analytes. The present work helps to understand the photophysic−structure relationship of these kinds of compounds and render their fluorescent detection applications.
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25
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Lin YC, She NZ, Chen CH, Yabushita A, Lin H, Li MH, Chang B, Hsueh TF, Tsai BS, Chen PT, Yang Y, Wei KH. Perylene Diimide-Fused Dithiophenepyrroles with Different End Groups as Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37990-38003. [PMID: 35904802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized four new A-DA'D-A acceptors (where A and D represent acceptor and donor chemical units) incorporating perylene diimide units (A') as their core structures and presenting various modes of halogenation and substitution of the functional groups at their end groups (A). In these acceptors, by fusing dithiophenepyrrole (DTP) moieties (D) to the helical perylene diimide dimer (hPDI) to form fused-hPDI (FhPDI) cores, we could increase the D/A' oscillator strength in the cores and, thus, the intensity of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), thereby enhancing the intensity of the absorption bands. With four different end group units─IC2F, IC2Cl, IO2F, and IO2Cl─tested, each of these acceptor molecules exhibited different optical characteristics. Among all of these systems, the organic photovoltaic device incorporating the polymer PCE10 blended with the acceptor FhPDI-IC2F (1:1.1 wt %) had the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.0%; the optimal PCEs of PCE10:FhPDI-IO2F, PCE10:FhPDI-IO2Cl, and PCE10:FhPDI-IC2Cl (1:1.1 wt %) devices were 5.2, 4.7, and 7.7%, respectively. The relatively high PCE of the PCE10:FhPDI-IC2F device resulted primarily from the higher absorption coefficients of the FhPDI-IC2F acceptor, lower energy loss, and more efficient charge transfer; the FhPDI-IC2F system experienced a lower degree of geminate recombination─as a result of improved delocalization of π-electrons along the acceptor unit─relative to that of the other three acceptors systems. Thus, altering the end groups of multichromophoric PDI units can increase the PCEs of devices incorporating PDI-derived materials and might also be a new pathway for the creation of other valuable fused-ring derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Zu She
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Yabushita
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tuan Chen
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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26
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Liu Q, Cao S, Sun Q, Xing C, Gao W, Lu X, Li X, Yang G, Yu S, Chen Y. A perylenediimide modified SiO 2@TiO 2 yolk-shell light-responsive nanozyme: Improved peroxidase-like activity for H 2O 2 and sarcosine sensing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129321. [PMID: 35739809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although light-responsive nanozyme have been widely used in colorimetric sensing, some limitations such as poor catalytic activity, low detection efficiency, and unclear structure-activity relationships remain unresolved. Herein, we prepared an excellent light-responsive peroxidase (POD) mimic, perylenediimide (PDI-OH) modified SiO2 @TiO2 yolk-shell spheres (SiO2 @TiO2/PDI-OH), based on DFT-assisted design. The experiment and DFT calculation revealed that the enhanced POD-like activity was mainly attributed to a suitable built-in electric field among adjacent PDI-OH molecules on the surface of the SiO2 @TiO2 and the unique yolk-shell structure with more reaction sites of SiO2 @TiO2. Consequently, the highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of H2O2 is achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 7.6 × 10-8M. Further, the selective detection of sarcosine with LOD of 1.2 × 10-7 M was also achieved by introducing sarcosine oxidase (SOx). This colorimetric assay is successfully applied to selectively detect H2O2 and sarcosine levels in real samples. Controlled response time, anti-interference, and the robustness of the developed colorimetric sensor are the key advantages. And the present work firstly clarifies the effect of PDIs substituents on the POD-like activity of light-responsive nanozymes and provided new guidelines to develop high-performance nanozymes for hazardous substances detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Shoufu Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanwang Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Guangwu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Sirong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
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27
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Hong Y, Schlosser F, Kim W, Würthner F, Kim D. Ultrafast Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Perylene Bisimide Dimer Enabled by Vibronic Coupling and Breakdown of Adiabaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15539-15548. [PMID: 35951363 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perylene bisimides (PBIs) have received great attention in their applicability to optoelectronics. Especially, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) in PBIs has been investigated to mimic the efficient light capturing and charge generation in natural light-harvesting systems. However, unlike ultrafast CS dynamics in donor-acceptor heterojunction materials, ultrafast SB-CS in a stacked homodimer has still been challenging due to excimer formation in the absence of rigidifying surroundings such as a special pair in the natural systems. Herein, we present the detailed mechanism of ultrafast photoinduced SB-CS occurring in a 1,7-bis(N-pyrrolidinyl) PBI dimer within a cyclophane. Through narrow-band and broad-band transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ultrafast SB-CS in the dimer is enabled by the combination of (1) vibrationally coherent charge-transfer resonance-enhanced excimer formation and (2) breakdown of adiabaticity (formation of SB-CS diabats) in the excimer state via structural and solvent fluctuation. Quantum chemical calculations also underpin that the participation of strong electron-donating substituents in overall vibrational modes plays a crucial role in triggering the ultrafast SB-CS. Therefore, our work provides an alternative route to facilitate ultrafast SB-CS in PBIs and thereby establishes a novel strategy for the design of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Felix Schlosser
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Division of Energy Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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28
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Rh(III)‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of
ortho
‐Alkynylated Perylene Imide Dyes: Optical and Electrochemical Properties of New Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200723. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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30
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Feng W, Jiang Q, Wang Z, Zang J, Wang G, Liu K, Peng H, Liu T, Ding L, Fang Y. Rigid Bay-Conjugated Perylene Bisimide Rotors: Solvent-Induced Excited-State Symmetry Breaking and Resonance-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4939-4947. [PMID: 35754397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer and excited-state symmetry breaking have a significant effect on the nonlinear optical properties of multipolar chromophores. Rigid and nonplanar perylene bisimide derivatives (PBIs) functionalized at bay positions were comparatively and comprehensively investigated. In apolar solvents, two quadrupolar molecular rotors showed an obvious decrease of the A0-0/A0-1 ratios, suggesting strong exciton coupling with the adjacent PBI units initiated by the π-π stacking. The vanishment of the preferable dimer emission in polar solvents supported the plausible phenomena of excited-state symmetry breaking, thanks to the facile rotation around the rigid linkers. Comparative femtosecond transition absorption studies confirmed their notable differences in relaxation dynamics and the generation of radical anions (PBI•-) and cations (PBI•+). The maxima two-photon absorption (2PA) wavelengths obtained for the molecular rotors were slightly red-shifted to 670 nm with intrinsic resonance-enhanced characteristics, reflecting the synergistic effect of functional positions and molecular architectures. Meanwhile, the obvious increase of significant 2PA cross-section values in polar solvents illustrated the stabilization of the symmetry-broken dipolar states. Further femtosecond Z-scan also manifested the contribution of excited-state dynamics on the nonlinear optical properties of multipolar chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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31
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Niu X, Tajima K, Kong J, Tao M, Fukui N, Kuang Z, Shinokubo H, Xia A. Symmetry-breaking charge separation in a nitrogen-bridged naphthalene monoimide dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14007-14015. [PMID: 35635531 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-imide-based derivatives, bis-ANI, consisting of two naphthalimide (NI) units linked by a butylamine bridge and its monomer ANI have been intensively investigated by steady-state and transient spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The excited state relaxation dynamics of the two molecules are studied in three solvents of varying polarity - from hexane to tetrahydrofuran to acetone. A strong reduction in the fluorescence quantum yields and larger red shifts of the emission spectra are observed when going from the monomer ANI to dimer bis-ANI with increasing solvent polarity. It is found that the presence of the central amino linker in bis-ANI facilitates the formation of an asymmetric CS state between the ANI and NI moieties in bis-ANI, where NI˙- is the dominant radical anion unit after CS, evidenced by the femtosecond transient absorption measurements and spectroelectrochemistry in polar solvents. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra and quantum chemical calculations reveal the conformational change after the formation of the symmetry-breaking charge separation (SBCS) state upon photoexcitation, while a near-orthogonal structure in the excited state of bis-ANI retards charge recombination. In addition, it is evidenced that the rate of SBCS can be tuned by changing the different polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China.
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Tian W, Sukhanov AA, Bussotti L, Pang J, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Di Donato M, Li MD. Charge Separation and Intersystem Crossing in Homo- and Hetero-Compact Naphthalimide Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4364-4378. [PMID: 35649261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalimide (NI) homo- and hetero-dimers adopting orthogonal geometry were prepared to study photo-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) and charge recombination (CR)-induced intersystem crossing (ISC). The two moieties in the dimer are connected either at the 3-C or 4-C position of the NI unit. The photophysical properties of the dimers were studied with steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopic methods. Significant CT only occurs for the hetero-dimer, in which one NI unit has a 4-amino substituent and the other NI unit is without it. The CR-induced ISC is most efficient for this dimer (singlet oxygen quantum yield ΦΔ = 50.3%). For the homo-dimer, in which both NI units did not present amino substitution, SBCT was not observed. Based on the electrochemical studies, we propose that the absence of SBCT for the homo-dimer is attributed to its high oxidation potential and low reduction potential. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs TA) spectra show that there is no charge separation (CS) for the homo-dimer. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicate the formation of a triplet state with electron delocalization for the homo dimer, with a lifetime of 72.0 μs, while for the hetero dimer a triplet state with an intrinsic lifetime of 206.4 μs is observed. CS (11.6 ps) and slow CR-induced ISC (>1.5 ns) were observed for the hetero-dimer. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectra give the zero-field splitting parameters (|D| = 1894 MHz and |E| = 111 MHz) and electron spin polarization patterns (e, e, e, a, a, a) for the triplet state of the hetero-dimer, inferring that the triplet state of the hetero-dimer is confined on the amino-substituted NI moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
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33
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Wang K, Shao G, Peng S, You X, Chen X, Xu J, Huang H, Wang H, Wu D, Xia J. Achieving Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in Perylenediimide Trimers: The Effect of Bridge Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3758-3767. [PMID: 35559687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) provides a very promising option to engineer a novel light conversion scheme, while it is still a challenge to realize SB-CS in a nonpolar environment. The strength of electronic coupling plays a crucial role in determining the exciton dynamics of organic semiconductors. Herein, we describe how to mediate interchromophore coupling to achieve SB-CS in a nonpolar solvent by the use of two perylenediimide (PDI)-based trimers, 1,7-tri-PDI and 1,6-tri-PDI. Although functionalization at the N-atom decreases electronic coupling between PDI units, our strategy takes advantage of "bridge resonance", in which the frontier orbital energies are nearly degenerate with those of the covalently linked PDI units, leading to enhanced interchromophore electronic coupling. Tunable electronic coupling was realized by the judicious combination of "bridge resonance" with N-functionalization. The enhanced mixing between the S1 state and CT/CS states results in direct observation of the CT band in the steady-state UV-vis absorption and negative free energy of charge separation (ΔGCS) in both chloroform and toluene for the two trimers. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrated that photoinduced SB-CS in a nonpolar solvent is feasible. This work highlights that the use of "bridge resonance" is an effective way to control exciton dynamics of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxiao You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huan Wang
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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34
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Liu Z, Song W, Yang S, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang H, Shao X. Marriage of Heterobuckybowls with Triptycene: Molecular Waterwheels for Separating C
60
and C
70. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Wenru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
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35
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Loong H, Zhou J, Jiang N, Feng Y, Xie G, Liu L, Xie Z. Photoinduced Cascading Charge Transfer in Perylene Bisimide-Based Triads. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2441-2448. [PMID: 35316047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We synthesize three perylene bisimide-based triads with donor-acceptor-acceptor (D∼A1-A2) architectures, in which the distance between D and A1 is varied to study its influence on the excited state electron processes. Very different intramolecular charge transfer (D+∼A1-A2-) lifetimes in dichloromethane (DCM) for these three triads are revealed by steady-state and transient spectroscopies. Free-energy changes of charge transfer (CT) are calculated based on the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and electrochemical measurements. The results show that photoinduced cascading CT comprises two competing processes in DCM (CTs in D∼A1 units and in A1-A2 units) by pumping of the A1 unit, and then the long-distance CT state is formed. The charge recombination (CR) process is restrained effectively by the increased distance between the anion and cation. This research reveals the importance of multistep cascading CTs on tuning the CT lifetime in multichromophoric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Loong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Nianqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guojing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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36
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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37
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38
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Orthogonal carbazole-perylene bisimide pentad: a photoconversion-tunable photosensitizer with diversified excitation and excited-state relaxation pathways. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Chang X, Wang Z, Wang G, Liu T, Lin S, Fang Y. Perylene Bisimide-Cored Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Interplay between Ensembles, Excited State Processes, and Aggregation Behaviors. Chemistry 2021; 27:14876-14885. [PMID: 34462989 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the optical properties of fluorescent species is challenging owing to complicated and tedious synthetic works. Herein, the photophysical properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) were effectively tuned by varying the geometrical arrangement of PBI moieties within supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), where a PBI-based dicycle (2) and a trigonal prism (3) were generated via using a typical 90° Pt(II) reagent, cis-(PEt3 )2 Pt(OTf)2 -based coordination-driven self-assembly approach. The ligand, an ortho-tetrapyridiyl-PBI (1), exhibits a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (∼13 %) and efficient inter-system crossing (ISC). 2, however, is much more emissive with a fluorescence quantum yield of ∼41 %, and the relevant ISC process is significantly hindered. The fluorescence quantum yield of 3 is merely ∼6 % due to the observed symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), which turns to triplet state upon charge recombination. Interestingly, 3 could be fully transformed into 2 by simply adding a suitable amount of a 90° Pt(II)-based neutral triangle. Moreover, 2 tends to form discrete dimers both in crystal and solution states, but 3 does not show the property. Therefore, controlling geometrical arrangement of fluorophores through coordination-driven self-assembly could be taken as another effective way to tune their excited state relaxation pathways and construct high-performance optical molecular materials, which generally have to be prepared via organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Simin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface andColloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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40
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Koenig JDB, Dubrawski ZS, Rao KR, Willkomm J, Gelfand BS, Risko C, Piers WE, Welch GC. Lowering Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Overpotential Using N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Rhenium Bipyridine Dyads with Variable Tether Length. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16849-16864. [PMID: 34597040 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of four N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) functionalized rhenium bipyridine [Re(bpy)] supramolecular dyads. The Re(bpy) scaffold was connected to the NPDI chromophore either directly [Re(py-C0-NPDI)] or via an ethyl [Re(bpy-C2-NPDI)], butyl [Re(bpy-C4-NPDI)], or hexyl [Re(bpy-C6-NPDI)] alkyl-chain spacer. Upon electrochemical reduction in the presence of CO2 and a proton source, Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI) all exhibited significant current enhancement effects, while Re(py-C0-NPDI) did not. During controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments at Eappl = -1.8 V vs Fc+/0, Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI) all achieved comparable activity (TONco ∼ 25) and Faradaic efficiency (FEco ∼ 94%). Under identical CPE conditions, the standard catalyst Re(dmbpy) was inactive for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction; only at Eappl = -2.1 V vs Fc+/0 could Re(dmbpy) achieve the same catalytic performance, representing a 300 mV lowering in overpotential for Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI). At higher overpotentials, Re(bpy-C4/6-NPDI) both outperformed Re(bpy-C2-NPDI), indicating the possibility of coinciding electrocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanisms that are dictated by tether-length and overpotential. Using UV-vis-nearIR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), FTIR SEC, and chemical reduction experiments, it was shown that the NPDI-moiety served as an electron-reservoir for Re(bpy), thereby allowing catalytic activity at lower overpotentials. Density functional theory studies probing the optimized geometries and frontier molecular orbitals of various catalytic intermediates revealed that the geometric configuration of NPDI relative to the Re(bpy)-moiety plays a critical role in accessing electrons from the electron-reservoir. The improved performance of Re(bpy-C2/4/6-NPDI)dyads at lower overpotentials, relative to Re(dmbpy), highlights the utility of chromophore electron-reservoirs as a method for lowering the overpotential for CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D B Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Keerthan R Rao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Janina Willkomm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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41
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Cann J, Farahat ME, Welch GC. Hybrid Tetrameric Perylene Diimide Assemblies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3511-3519. [PMID: 33496067 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics have found utility as indoor light recycling devices providing an opportunity for the sustainable powering of IoT sensors and related smart electronics. In the report, two organic π-conjugated molecules consisting of four perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores each are presented and used as non-fullerene acceptors in indoor photovoltaic devices. The new materials consist of a dimeric N-annulated PDI core with single PDIs grafted onto the pyrrolic N-atom positions of the core. Compounds PDI4 e and PDI4 i are PDI tetramers and differ with PDI4 e having the terminal N-annulated PDI with pyrrolic N-atom distal to the core and PDI4 i having the terminal N-annulated PDI with pyrrolic N-atom proximal to the core. The structural and optoelectronic properties were investigated using NMR spectroscopy, optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The compounds exhibit typical optical signatures for PDIs but notable is that the addition of grafted PDI molecules prevents significant aggregation of the dimeric PDI core, as compared to a reference dimer. Use as non-fullerene acceptors in ternary bulk-heterojunction blends with the polymer FBT and fullerene PC61 BM lead to increased open-circuit voltages and power conversion efficiencies upwards of 13.7 % at 2000 lux light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 731Campus Place NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mahmoud E Farahat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 731Campus Place NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 731Campus Place NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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42
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Cherepanov DA, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Nadtochenko VA, Xu W, Golbeck JH, Semenov AY. Symmetry breaking in photosystem I: ultrafast optical studies of variants near the accessory chlorophylls in the A- and B-branches of electron transfer cofactors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1209-1227. [PMID: 34478050 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond absorption spectroscopy of Photosystem I (PS I) complexes from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was carried out on three pairs of complementary amino acid substitutions located near the second pair of chlorophyll molecules Chl2A and Chl2B (also termed A-1A and A-1B). The absorption dynamics at delays of 0.1-500 ps were analyzed by decomposition into discrete decay-associated spectra and continuously distributed exponential components. The multi-exponential deconvolution of the absorption changes revealed that the electron transfer reactions in the PsaA-N600M, PsaA-N600H, and PsaA-N600L variants near the B-branch of cofactors are similar to those of the wild type, while the PsaB-N582M, PsaB-N582H, and PsaB-N582L variants near the A-branch of cofactors cause significant alterations of the photochemical processes, making them heterogeneous and poorly described by a discrete exponential kinetic model. A redistribution of the unpaired electron between the second and the third monomers Chl2A/Chl2B and Chl3A/Chl3B was identified in the time range of 9-20 ps, and the subsequent reduction of A1 was identified in the time range of 24-70 ps. In the PsaA-N600L and PsaB-N582H/L variants, the reduction of A1 occurred with a decreased quantum yield of charge separation. The decreased quantum yield correlates with a slowing of the phylloquinone A0 → A1 reduction, but not with the initial transient spectra measured at the shortest time delay. The results support a branch competition model, where the electron is sheared between Chl2A-Chl3A and Chl2B-Chl3B cofactors before its transfer to phylloquinone in either A1A or A1B sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation.
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
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43
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Zeng C, Liu Y, Xue N, Jiang W, Yan S, Wang Z. Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19018-19023. [PMID: 34105225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel kind of monocyclic and dicyclic dehydro[20]annulenes exhibiting specific sizes and topologies from regioselective unilateral ortho-diethynyl PDI, is developed by Cu-catalyzed Glaser-Hay homo-coupling and cross-coupling. Through the integration of electron-deficient PDI chromophores into the dehydroannulene scaffolding, these macrocycles exhibit intense and characteristic absorption properties and the degenerated LUMO levels. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously revealed unique porous supramolecular structures, which display micropore characteristics with surface area of 120.74 m2 g-1 . A moderate electron mobility of 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1 for chlorine-free dehydro[20]annulene based on micrometer-sized single-crystalline transistors was witnessed. The porous and yet semiconducting features signify the prospects of PDI-integrated dehydroannulenes in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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44
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Zeng C, Liu Y, Xue N, Jiang W, Yan S, Wang Z. Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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45
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Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Null Exciton-Coupled Chromophoric Dimer Exhibits Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13769-13781. [PMID: 34370481 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationships in multichromophoric architectures has pushed the limits for developing robust photosynthetic mimics and molecular photovoltaics. The elusive phenomenon of null exciton splitting has gathered immense attention in recent years owing to the occurrence in unique chromophoric architectures and consequent emergent properties. Herein, we unveil the hitherto unobserved null exciton coupling assisted highly efficient photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) in a Greek cross (+)-oriented spiro-conjugated perylenediimide dimer (Sp-PDI2). Quantum chemical calculations have rationalized the infrequent manifestation of null exciton coupling behavior in Sp-PDI2. Negligible contribution of long-range Coulombic and short-range charge-transfer mediated coupling renders a monomer-like spectroscopic signature for Sp-PDI2 in toluene. The Greek cross (+)-arranged Sp-PDI2 possesses a selective hole-transfer coupling, facilitating the ultrafast dissociation of null excitons and evolution of the charge-separated state in polar solvents. Radical cationic and anionic spectroscopic signatures were characterized by employing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The substantial hole transfer electronic coupling and lower activation energy barrier of Sp-PDI2 accelerated the charge separation rate. The rate of charge recombination (CR) markedly decelerated due to falling into the inverted region of the Marcus parabola, where the driving force of CR is larger than the total reorganization energy for CR. Hence, the ratio of the rates for SB-CS over CR of Sp-PDI2 exhibited an unprecedently high value of 2647 in acetonitrile. The current study provides impeccable evidence for the role of selective charge filtering in governing efficient SB-CS and thereby novel insights towards the design of biomimics and advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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46
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Muthike AK, Carlotti B, Madu IK, Jiang H, Kim H, Wu Q, Yu L, Zimmerman PM, Goodson T. The Role of the Core Attachment Positioning in Triggering Intramolecular Singlet Exciton Fission in Perylene Diimide Tetramers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5114-5131. [PMID: 33961426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proposed that the presence of a flexible π-bridge linker is crucial in activating intramolecular singlet exciton fission (iSEF) in multichromophoric systems. In this study, we report the photophysical properties of three analogous perylene diimide (PDI) dendritic tetramers showing flexible/twisted π-bridged structures with α- and β-substitutions and a rigid/planar structure with a β-fused ring (βC) connection to a benzodithiophene-thiophene (BDT-Th) core. The rigidity and enhanced planarity of βC lead to significant intramolecular charge transfer and triplet formation via an intersystem crossing pathway. Steady-state spectroscopic measurements reveal similar absorption and emission spectra for the α-tetramer and the parent PDI monomer. However, their fluorescence quantum yield is significantly different. The negligible fluorescence yield of the α-tetramer (0.04%) is associated with a competitive nonradiative decay pathway. Indeed, for this twisted compound in a high polar environment, a fast and efficient iSEF with a triplet quantum yield of 124% is observed. Our results show that the α-single-bond connections in the α compound are capable of interrupting the coupling among the PDI units, favoring iSEF. We propose that the formation of the double triplet (1[TT]) state is through a superposition of singlet states known as [S1S0][TT]CT, which has been suggested previously for pentacene derivatives. Using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic experiments, we demonstrate that the conformational flexibility of the linker itself is necessary but not sufficient to allow iSEF. For the case of the other twisted tetramer, β, the strong π-π co-facial interactions between the adjacent PDI units in its structure lead to excimer formation. These excimer states trap the singlet excitons preventing the formation of the 1[TT] state, thus inhibiting iSEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelar K Muthike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto n.8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ifeanyi K Madu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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47
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Jiao Z, Jiang T, Zhou Z, Qin C, Long J, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Identification of a bridge-specific intramolecular exciton dissociation pathway in donor-π-acceptor alternating conjugated polymers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:51. [PMID: 33745078 PMCID: PMC7981365 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular exciton dissociation is critical for high efficient mobile charge carrier generations in organic solar cells. Yet despite much attention, the effects of π bridges on exciton dissociation dynamics in donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) alternating conjugated polymers remain still unclear. Here, using a combination of femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and steady-state spectroscopy, we track ultrafast intramolecular exciton relaxation dynamics in three D-π-A alternating conjugated polymers which were synthesized by Qin's group and named HSD-A, HSD-B, HSD-C. It is found that the addition of thiophene unit as π bridges will lead to the red shift of steady-state absorption spectrum. Importantly, we reveal the existence of a new intramolecular exciton dissociation pathway mediated by a bridge-specific charge transfer (CT') state with the TA fingerprint peak at 1200 nm in π-bridged HSD-B and HSD-C. This CT' state results in higher electron capture rates for HSD-B and HSD-C as compared to HSD-A. Depending on the proportion of CT' state and nongeminate recombination are important step for the understanding of high power conversion efficiencies in HSD-B than in HSD-C. We propose that this bridge-specific exciton dissociation pathway plays an important role in ultrafast intramolecular exciton dissociation of organic photovoltaic material D-π-A alternating conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongpo Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyou Long
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Dusold C, Platzer B, Haines P, Reger D, Jux N, Guldi DM, Hirsch A. A Functional Hexaphenylbenzene Library Comprising of One, Three, and Six Peripheral Rylene-Diimide Substituents. Chemistry 2021; 27:1670-1679. [PMID: 33140885 PMCID: PMC7898621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of a series of rylene-diimide substituted hexaphenylbenzenes (HPBs) is presented. The direct connection of the rylene-diimide units to the HPBs via the imide-N-position without any linkers as well as the use of naphthalene-diimides (NDIs) next to perylene-diimides (PDIs) is unprecedented. While mono-substituted products were obtained by imidization reactions with amino-HPB and the respective rylene-monoimides, key step for the formation of tri- and hexa-substituted HPBs is the Co-catalysed cyclotrimerization. Particular emphasis for physic-chemical characterization was on to the number of NDIs/PDIs per HPB and the overall substitution patterns. Lastly, Scholl oxidation conditions were applied to all HPB systems to generate the corresponding hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs). Importantly, the efficiency of the transformation strongly depends on the number of NDIs/PDIs. While three rylene-diimide units already hinder the Scholl reaction, the successful synthesis of mono-substituted HBCs is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dusold
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Benedikt Platzer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dirk. M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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49
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Yang S, Cao C, Islam A, Sun S, Deng Z, Li J, Ni S, Tong QX, Li MD. Disentangling Multiple Effects on Excited-State Intramolecular Charge Transfer among Asymmetrical Tripartite PPI-TPA/PCz Triads. Chemistry 2021; 27:1337-1345. [PMID: 32776379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By utilizing the bipolarity of 1,2-diphenylphenanthroimidazole (PPI), two types of asymmetrical tripartite triads (PPI-TPA and PPI-PCz) were designed with triphenylamine (TPA) and 9-phenylcarbazole (PCz). These triads are deep-blue luminescent materials with a high fluorescence quantum yield of nearly 100 %. To trace the photophysical behaviors of these triads, their excited-state evolution channels and interchromophoric interactions were investigated by ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption and excited-state theoretical calculations. The results suggest that the electronic nature, asymmetrical tripartite structure, and electron-hole distance of these triads, as well as solvent polarity, determine the lifetime of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Interestingly, PPI-PCz triads show anti-Kasha ICT, and the charge-transfer direction among the triads is adjustable. For the PPI-TPA triad, the electron is transferred from TPA to PPI, whereas for the PPI-PCz triad the electron is pushed from PPI to PCz. Exploration of the excited-state ICT in these triads may pave the way to design better luminescent materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Amjad Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Providence, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
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50
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Kong J, Zhang W, Li G, Huo D, Guo Y, Niu X, Wan Y, Tang B, Xia A. Excited-State Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Dynamics in Multibranched Perylene Diimide Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10329-10339. [PMID: 33232151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising nonfullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics, perylene diimide (PDI)-based multibranched molecules with twisted or three-dimensional (3D) geometric structures have been developed, which effectively increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. Understanding the structure-property relationships in multichromophoric molecular architectures at molecular and ultrafast time levels is a crucial step in establishing new design principles in organic electronic materials. For this, photodriven excited-state symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) of PDI-based multichromophoric acceptors has been proposed to improve the PCE by reducing the self-aggregation of the planar PDI monomer. Herein, we investigated the intramolecular excited-state SB-CS and charge recombination (CR) dynamics of two symmetric phenyl-methane-based PDI derivatives, a twist dimer PM-PDI2 (phenyl-methane-based PDI dimer) and a 3D configuration tetramer PM-PDI4 (phenyl-methane-based PDI tetramer), in different solvents using ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The quantum chemical calculations and steady-state spectra show that the two PDI derivatives undergo conformational changes upon excitation, leading to their emission states that have the characteristics of partial charge-transfer (CT) exciton in all solvents. Based on the evolution of the fs-TA data, it is observed that the evolution from the CT state to SB-CS state is disfavored in a weak polar solvent, whereas clear SB-CS spectroscopic signatures of cationic and anionic PDI are observed in polar solvents. Faster CS and slower CR processes of PM-PDI4 are observed in comparison to those of PM-PDI2. The crowded space in the 3D structure shortens the distance between the branches, leading to a stronger electronic coupling at the lowest excited state and a larger negative Gibbs free energy change of PM-PDI4 relative to that of PM-PDI2, which benefits the charge separation among PDI units in PM-PDI4. Besides, the 3D structure of PM-PDI4 also restricts rotation to a surface crossing region between the excited state and ground state, thus inhibiting nonradiative CR process and increasing the CS state lifetime. Our results suggest that the kinetics of CS and CR processes are strongly related to the molecular geometric structure, and the excited-state symmetry breaking in the 3D structure acceptor has superior photogenerated charge and photovoltaic properties from the perspective of ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Dayujia Huo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Sciences, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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